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Narayan Vaman Tilak

2026-05-07T00:30:45Z

Lucillecrale: Adding first post basic info

{{Short description|Marathi poet}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=June 2010}}
{{infobox person
|image= File:Narayan Vaman Tilak.jpg
|birth_date={{Birth date|1861|12|6}}
|death_date= {{Death date and age|1919|5|9|1861|12|6}}
}}

'''Narayan Vaman Tilak''' (6 December 1861 – 9 May 1919) was a [[Marathi language|Marathi]] poet from the Konkan region of then [[Bombay Presidency]] in [[British India]], and a famous convert to Christianity from the Hindu [[Chitpavan]] [[Brahmin]] Community.

==Early life==
Narayan Tilak was born into a Hindu Kokanastha [[Chitpavan]] [[Brahmin]] family on 6 December 1861 in the village of Karajhgaon in [[Ratnagiri District]] of Bombay Presidency.<ref name=DCB>{{cite web |url= https://dcbasia.org/biography/tilak-narayan-v |title= Tilak, Narayan V. |last= Malayil |first= Philip |date= |website= Dictionary of Christian Biography in Asia |publisher= |access-date= September 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.bu.edu/missiology/missionary-biography/t-u-v/tilak-narayan-vaman-1862-1919/|title= Tilak, Narayan Vaman (1862?-1919), Indian Christian Marathi poet and hymnwriter |author= |date= |website= Boston University |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>
From 1869–1873, he studied elementary school in the town of [[Kalyan, India|Kalyan]] near [[Mumbai]], and for the next two years (1874–76), studied primarily [[Sanskrit]] and [[Marathi literature]], especially poetry, under Ganeshshastri Lele in Bhatjicha Math, Nashik.<ref name=DCB /> Then, after two years (1877–79) at the Nashik High School, learning English and other school subjects, before completing his matriculation examination, he terminated his studies, undertaking a modest job as a teacher to support himself some of his siblings and relatives.

Tilak's growth and development as a Hindu born in colonial India was entirely along traditional Hindu religious and social lines. He was a close relative of Lokmanya [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. (See Devdatt Narayan Tilak's booklet which consists of a report on the celebration of Tilak's birth centenary). Unlike many of his Chitpavan Hindu caste fellows, (such as [[Mahadev Govind Ranade]], Lokmanya Tilak, [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]) who made a name in 19th century Maharashtra after going to college in [[Pune]] and after that to England for higher studies in economics, and law, for example, Narayan Tilak never left India's shores for his entire life. His mind was not formed by studies of Western thinkers in academic circles that were shaped by western education in British India, but he read widely and thought deeply on matters of moment for his people in a colonial situation.

Tilak undertook a variety of modest jobs in different towns in Maharashtra at different times in his life, including the job of a teacher, a [[Hindu]] priest, and a printing press compositor. He was not stable in holding on to a job too long because his temperament as a seeker impelled him to search for guidance and role models in gurus (spiritual teachers), of whom there were at least three. As a poet and [[improvisatore]], and would earn more than pocket change for publishing poetry.

In 1891, he got a job in [[Nagpur]] as a translator of [[Sanskrit]] literature, both philosophical and religious. (He himself wrote and published poems in Marathi and Sanskrit from his years in Nashik and won many prizes in Maharashtrian cities for elocution.) Under the patronage of Appasaheb Buti, he edited for a short while a Marathi magazine named ''Rushi'' (ऋषि), which was aimed at interpretation and discussion of [[Hindu]] religious matters. Tilak was proud of his Hindu heritage and leaned strongly toward Hindu social and religious reform as a sudharak (reformer). He never went to college, but taught himself English by memorizing much of an English dictionary.

==Early influences==

Narayan (aka Nana) Tilak was a seeker. As a child, he was strongly influenced by the religiosity of his mother Jankibai and his maternal grandfather who sang to little Narayan the songs of the Saint-poets of Maharashtra such as Dnyaneshvar, [[Namdev]], [[Eknath]], Tukaram, and Ramdas. So much have the poetry and devotional practices of Narayan Tilak, both in his Hindu and Christian years, been influenced especially by the saint-poets especially of the Varkari Sampraday, that Tilak has sometimes been deemed the "last of the saint-poets of Maharashtra." He has also been called the "Tukaram of Maharashtra."

The earliest influences on Nana's great love and gifts for poetry and spirituality were his beautiful natural surroundings in the Konkan region of his infancy and childhood, and the spiritual and poetic gifts of his mother whom he loved dearly. Nana did not benefit from his father Vaman's love and attention. Vaman, in fact, generally hated and abused the lad and showed his disdain openly. Nana twice ran away from home, the latter time being immediately after Janki was mortally wounded by a kick from her husband to whom she had always been devoted. Nana was witness to his father's cruel act. After a few days of attending to his mother, he watched her die. Then he waited for her cremation rites at the sacred pilgrimage center of Tryambakeshwar, after which Nana left his father and his family for good. He walked the twelve miles from Tryambak to Nashik. He was sitting on the banks of the Godavari contemplating his next move, when a local boy befriended him and brought him to his mother Yesubai Mayle. Without a fuss, the good woman welcomed her son's newfound homeless friend into her home and arranged for his food with local brahmin families as he went to study at Bhatjicha Math. His budding talent for poetry and elocution soon earned him fame in his mid-teens as well as the nickname "Maharashtra-kokil" (the sweet singing cuckoo of Maharashtra).

==Spiritual search==

Tilak was married at the age of 18 to Manakaranika Gokhale (मनकर्णिका गोखले). After the marriage Manakarnika was given the name [[Lakshmibai Tilak]]. Not long after the marriage, he left his very young wife with her in-laws and went on his quest for answers to deep questions. Later, in his twenties, he left Laxmi in the care of his father and took off in part for employment, and in part on same persistent spiritual quest. He actually tried a couple times to take [[sannyasa]] as a renunciate, but was rejected when his gurus found out that he was married and sent back to care for his family. He also went on a padayatra (pilgrimage on foot) to northern India as far as Delhi and western India as far as Dwarka. His goal may have seemed religious, but in fact he undertook this purposeful wandering principally out of a spirit of deshseva, namely, to serve his countrymen and especially women whose conditions struck him as oppressive and greatly in need of amelioration educationally, religiously, culturally, and socially. He made his own inquiries into Buddhism and Islam. Eventually, under the powerful influence of the Hindu monotheistic associations of the past several decades, particularly of the [[Prarthana Samaj]] and the Arya Samaj, he formulated five principles on which to found a new religion that was geared to emancipate his people. What pained him most seems to have been two urgent issues.

Probably because Narayan saw the intolerable situation of his own beloved mother, who was killed by his overbearing and heartless father, as well as that of Narayan's older sister Sakhu who had been married off by his orthodox Hindu father as a mere child, the first burning issue for Tilak was that of women's distress and suffering under an ironclad and religiously sanctioned patriarchy. Hindu women severely lacked opportunities for their education and emancipation. They suffered due to inhumane practices relating to child marriage. Some consequences of such practices were "child widows", and marriages of poor and sometimes pre-pubescent young girls to rich widowed men, some of them in their dotage. (See Uma Chakravarti, "Rewriting History: The Life and Times of [[Pandita Ramabai]]" 1998). The second issue that needed to be addressed was casteism, a plague on Indian society, especially in Maharashtra. Tilak came from a relatively poor family, but from privileged stock. Indeed, Chitpavan brahmin males such as himself, were the blue eyed boys of Maharashtrian society. He saw the desperate and widespread situation in which there was no way out for those born into so-called "lower castes" and who structurally served at the whim and fancy of caste-Hindu society, especially brahmins (aka bhatjis) and banias (landed and moneyed trader caste which was known to have generally profited from unprincipled moneylending).

Tilak, like other reform minded elite Hindus, was certainly aware of the writings and practices of Jotiba Phule, perhaps the most radical Hindu reformer of 19th century Maharashtra. He had done pioneering work for the emancipation and amelioration of the conditions of women and [[Shudra|shudras]] in Pune and elsewhere in Maharashtra. Phule, a non-brahmin of the Mali caste had been educated by Scottish missionaries, but never converted to Christianity. Tilak, on the other hand, as a brahmin traumatized by his father's abusive treatment of his mother and himself, and as one who had delved deep into the treasure troves of Hindu religion, as well as of Marathi and Sanskrit literatures, seems to have been more moderate and liberal in his outlook, and considered religious and social reform as a promising way to emancipate women and "shudras" in Maharashtra. But nobody anticipated that the talented Pandit Narayan Vaman Tilak, Hindu patriot and sudharak in his own right, might unthinkably take the dread step of conversion to Christianity. The underlying assumption of most Hindu elites at that time was that sociological religious conversion was tantamount to treachery toward Hindu religion and society. Such treachery had severe sanctions, for example, ostracism or even death. Even worse, once a caste Hindu sociologically converted to another faith, it was all but impossible for him or her to be received back into caste. Tilak spurned all attempts of relatives, friends, and would-be benefactors to bribe him with money and a regular salary for life, for example.

==Conversion to Christianity==

In 1893, Tilak was travelling by train from Nagpur to [[Rajnandgaon]], a princely state ruled by a Hindu priest, and located within the then [[Central Provinces and Berar|Central Provinces of India]], in search of employment. During this journey, he met a Protestant missionary [[Ernest Ward]] of the [[Free Methodist Church]] who spoke glowingly of Christianity, presented a copy of the Bible to Tilak, and suggested that Tilak would become a Christian within two years. Tilak began to study the [[Bible]] and was strongly influenced by the [[Sermon on the Mount]].<ref name=BH>{{cite web |url= https://bhaktivani.com/volume2/number3/tilak.html |title= Brahmin's Pilgrimage in Christ: Lessons from N. V. Tilak |last= Richard |first= H. L. |date= 2001 |website= Bhaktivani |publisher= |access-date= September 17, 2025 |quote=}}</ref> He also read ''Arunodaya'' (''Sunrise'') by [[Baba Padmanji]], six times.

Tilak's journey to Christianity was painful as he understood the reactions that would follow conversion. He anonymously corresponded with a missionary magazine and after confirmation through a series of dreams decided to be baptized. After four months of instruction by his spiritual father Rev. Justin E. Abbott, his baptism in Mumbai on 10 February 1895 was carried out by an [[Dalits|untouchable]], at Tilak’s request.<ref name=DCB /> Tilak deliberately chose a former untouchable Rev. Tukaram Nathoji, then Marathi editor of the [[Dnyanodaya]] to do the honors. This was a symbolic choice. Tilak was going to follow his divine teacher's example in self-emptying. He was not accepting Christianity as a gesture of a colonized subject. Not for him a foreigner as the officiant nor a symbol of privileged caste-Hindu patriarchy, but an accomplished writer and editor of formerly untouchable stock - the last would be first.

==New Life as a Christian==

Tilak's baptism proved to be a sensational event and multitudes of his Hindu followers were scandalized. He was already highly respected as a poet, teacher, published writer, fervent and enlightened Hindu patriot and social reformer, and a dynamic spiritual leader. He was very sympathetic to the Prarthana Samaj, a monotheistic association dedicated to modernizing Hindu religion and society by jettisoning what seemed to be untenable intertwined Hindu concepts and doctrines such as karma (deeds) and punarjanma (rebirths). Knowing that he was contemplating Christian conversion, his relatives, friends, and admirers tried their level best to persuade him to change his mind. But he deeply disappointed them all. As payback, two attempts were made on the recent convert's life, but he miraculously escaped.

Tilak tried to get Laxmi to join him and waited for many long months for her to pluck up courage and join him. She seemed to agree with him intellectually and spiritually, but balked at the last moment. After going through various phases of keeping her distance from her reunited husband and his "untouchable" people, she finally opted to be baptized along with her son in 1900 at Rahuri.<ref>Lakshmibai's story is summarized in chapter six, pages 32-41, in H. L. Richard, ''Following Jesus in the Hindu Context''.</ref>

==Christian work==

Talik taught for a year at Hume High School in Byculla, but, unable to cope with the principal of Hume High School, Rev. Edward Sackett Hume's strict western-style discipline, he moved to Ahmednagar, a major center of the American Marathi Mission, at the invitation of Rev. Robert Allen Hume, who was dean of the Theological Seminary. There Tilak reinvented himself and also began to reinterpret the colonial Mission itself.

Tilak began teaching in the seminary in [[Ahmadnagar]] and was ordained as a minister in the Congregational church on 10 February 1904 at Rahuri. Besides doing rural pastoral work, Tilak played a key role in the transformation of its prime Christian beneficiaries, who were primarily the rural poor and former Untouchables of the Mahar and Mang castes.

He became editor of (and frequent contributor to) the Marathi section of the missionary magazine ''Dnyanodaya'' in 1912, a position he held until his death.

After about ten years as a Christian he began expressing his faith in local idioms, particularly the poetic style of the [[Varkari]] Hindu [[sampradaya]] of Maharashtra. The many songs he composed remain very popular among Marathi speaking Christians. He composed kirtans (musical religious services with a mixture of poetry and dramatic retelling of Hindu stories of religious inspiration, along with humor and vigorous community participation) and was so popular, he even trained others to professionally conduct kirtans. This continued into his Christian years when he led kirtans, trained Christian kirtankars, including his wife Laxmi, and published a little handbook [[Kirtan]] Kalap as a guide.

However, Tilak was a critic of traditional Christianity, and for the last two years of his life moved beyond the church to focus on developing a new brotherhood (that he called an [[Christian Ashram Movement|ashram]]<ref>[https://www.ijfm.org/PDFs_IJFM/18_4_PDFs/191%20194%20Richard.pdf A Brahmin’s Pilgrimage in Christ: Lessons from N. V. Tilak], by H. L. Richard (2001)</ref>) of baptized and unbaptized disciples of Jesus.<ref name=BH /> This new approach never took root due to Tilak's early death in Mumbai on 9 May 1919.

==Tilak and Lakshmibai’s writings==
From 1895 for nearly fifteen years, Tilak published innumerable poems and articles for children on topics suited to a child's mind in the Balbodhmeva, an entertaining educational monthly run by the American Marathi Mission dedicated to children. He wrote voluminously in prose and verse and, due to the Romantic stamp of his secular poetry, was deemed the "Christian Wordsworth of Maharashtra." Owing to the very many hundred of devotional hymns which Rev. Tilak composed for church worship and for singing in villages, others saw him as the "Tagore of Western India." (See Nazareth, "Rev. Narayan Vaman Tilak: An Interreligious Exploration," 1998, chapter 3 and Appendix).

Tilak composed over a hundred Christian devotional songs in Marathi in either ''abhanga'' (अभंग) or ''ovi'' (ओवी) form. They were published in a book titled "Abhanganjali" (अभंगांजली).<ref name=HT1 /> He also commenced in 1909 composition of epical ''Khristayan'' (ख्रिस्तायन). He composed 10 chapters of it and left it uncompleted at the time of his death; Laxmibai subsequently completed it by adding 64 chapters of her own.<ref name=SAC />

Lakshmibai had no formal schooling; however, through Tilak's encouragement, she learned to read and write Marathi, mastering the language to the extent of later composing poems. After her husband's death, she wrote her autobiography, ''Smruti Chitre'' (स्मृतिचित्रे) (“Sketches of Memory”)<ref name=SAC /> where she told of the highs and lows of living with Talik; it was published in four parts across 1934 and 1935.<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2396939319838452 |title= Smritichitre: The Memoirs of a Spirited Wife |last= Richard |first= H. L. |date= 2019 |journal= International Bulletin of Mission Research |volume= 44 |pages= 67–73 |publisher= International Bulletin of Mission Research, 44(1), page 67|doi= 10.1177/2396939319838452 |access-date= September 17, 2025 |quote=|url-access= subscription }}</ref> Laxmi described how he would disappear at night to watch and participate in Dashavatari plays in the neighboring village of Gangapur and return in the wee hours of the morning. His talent for acting in diverse roles did not fail to catch the attention of the villagers. Rumors of his acting and singing and compositions reached his brother-in-law who went and ascertained for himself the truth. Indeed, Narayan was a gifted actor and poet. (See Smruti Chitre, Part 1)
==Death==
Tilak died on 9 May 1919 at the J.J. Hospital, [[Byculla]] in Mumbai.
==Family==
Tilak’s father was a government registrar and his mother died when he was 11.<ref name=HT1>{{cite web |url= http://www.hymntime.com/tch/bio/t/i/l/a/tilak_nv.htm |title= Narayan Vaman Tilak (1861-1919) |author= |date= |website= Hymn Time |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

Tilak was married to [[Lakshmibai Tilak|Manubai Lakshmibai]] when he was 18 and she was 11; they lived apart until they were 28 and 21 respectively and they went on to have four children.<ref name=DCB />

Tilak's son, Devdatt Narayan Tilak, edited and published the epic poem ''Christayana''. Tilak's grandson, Ashok Devdatt Tilak, was an accomplished historian who edited a critical edition of ''Smruti Chitre'' (स्मृतिचित्रे) and wrote a [[biographical novel]] about Tilak (चालता बोलता चमत्कार, Chalta Bolta Chamatkar) among other works.

==Publications==

Besides the initial parts of ''Khristayan'' (ख्रिस्तायन), Tilak wrote many long poems comprising several hundred lines, each. He wrote over 2100 poems.<ref name=SAC>{{cite web |url= https://southasianchristians.com/articles/my-story/bhajans-kirtans-and-other-riches-of-hindu-heritage-into-the-church-narayan-wamanrao-tilak-marathi-poet-from-maharashtra-lakshmibai-tilak-marathi-christians/ |title= Bhajans, Kirtans And Other Riches Of Hindu Heritage Into The Church |author= |date= 22 August 2022|website= South Asian Christians |publisher= |access-date= September 22, 2025 |quote=}}</ref>

His poetry includes:

* ''Khristayan'' (ख्रिस्तायन)
* ''Wanawasi Phool'' (वनवासी फुल)
* ''Sushila'' (सुशीला)
* ''Majhi Bharya'' (माझी भार्या)
* ''Bapache Ashru'' (बापाचे अश्रू)
* ''Parwatarohan'' (पर्वतारोहण)
* ''Srushtichi Bhaubij'' (सृष्टीची भाऊबीज)
* ''Pure Janato Micha Majhe Bala'' (पुरे जाणतो मीच माझे बळ)
* ''Ranashing'' (रणशिंग)
* ''Majhya Janambhumiche Nav'' (माझ्या जन्मभूमीचे नाव)
* ''Priyakar Hindistan'' (प्रियकर हिंदीस्तान)
* ''Lekarachi Jidnyasa'' (लेकराची जिज्ञासा)
* ''Kawichi Winawani'' (कवीची विनवणी)
* ''Kawi'' (कवि)
* ''Kevdhe He Krourya'' (केव्हडे हे क्रौर्य)

==Bibliography==

===Primary Sources===
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "Maza Anubhav." (Steps to Christ). Dnyanodaya 54/11 (Mar. 1895) 2 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "Stree" (Woman). Dnyanodaya 54/13 (Mar. 1895) 2 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "A Brahman's Idea of Sin." Dnyanodaya 59/23 (Jun. 1900) 1.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "Hindus as Givers." Dnyanodaya 59/29 (Jul. 1900) 1.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "A Few Thoughts on the [[Lord's Prayer]]." Dnyanodaya 66/37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 49 (Sep. Nov. 1907) 6.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "The Study of Indian Myths." 71/37 (Sep. 1912) 1.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. Bhakti-Niranjana. Nasik, n.d. 160 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. (Translations of his poems into English, including parts of the Khristayana.)
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "India's Great Demand." YMI (Jan. 1909) 10.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "My Motherland." YMI (Sep. 1917) 513.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. "No Longer I But Christ." YMI (Apr. 1926) 219.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. Susila and Other Poems. Calcutta: YMCA, 1926. 60 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. (Poems in English translation by J.C. Winslow.)
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. Christayan. Tr. into English by J.C. Winslow. CSS Review.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. Translations in J.C. Winslow, Narayan Vaman Tilak. Calcutta: YMCA, 1923. 137 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman. ''Loka Bandhu Prabhu Yeshu Khrist''. (Jesus the People's Friend, I). [Prose.] Bombay: Bombay Tract Society, 1921. 38 pp.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman, and Tilak, Laksmibai. ''Khristayana''. Nashik: Devadatt Narayan Tilak, 'Shantisadan,' 1938.
*Tilak, Narayan Vaman and Laksmibai Tilak. ''Khristayana. Sanskipta''. [= Abridged] Mumbai: Bombay Tract and Book Society, 1959.

===Secondary Sources===
* J. C. Winslow, ''Naryana Vamana Tilak''. Calcutta: Association Press, 1923.
* Nazareth, Malcolm J., ''Reverend Narayan Vaman Tilak: An interreligious exploration''. Temple University, 1998.
* Patil, Subash, ''Santa Tukaram ani Rev. Tilak: Ek Bhāvanubandha''. Pune: Snehavardhana Publ. House, 2005.
* Richard, H.L., ''Christ-bhakti: Narayan Vaman Tilak and Christian Work among Hindus''. Delhi: ISPCK, 1991.
* Richard, H.L., ''Following Jesus in the Hindu Context''. Revised and expanded. Secunderabad, India: OM Book, 1998.
* Richard, H.L., ''Following Jesus in the Hindu Context: The intriguing implications of N.V. Tilak’s life and thought''. Revised American edition. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1998.
*Sheikh, Mir Isahak, ''Laksmibai Tilakanchi Smrtichitre: Ek Chintan''. Pune: Pratima Prakashan, 2000.
* Tilak, Ashok D., ''Chalta Bolta Chamatkar''. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 2005.
* Tilak, Ashok D., ''Chavaituhi''. Nashik: Mukta Ashok Tilak, Shantisadan, 2001.
* Tilak, Ashok D., ''Sampurna Smruti Chitre''. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1989.
* Tilak, Ashok D., ''Jara Vegala Angle''. Nashik: Mayavati Ashok Tilak, 1979.
* Tilak, Ashok D., ''Takkarmāl''. Nashik Road: Vangmayaseva Prakashan, 2006.
* George, Anthony D., ''Svatantryapurvakalatila Dharmantarita Khristi Vyaktinci Atmanivedane Samajika Ani Vangmayina Abhyasa''. Mumbai: Mumbai Vidyapeeth, 2007. [PhD thesis on pre-1947 Marathi converts to Christianity, submitted to Bombay University.]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.saadigitalarchive.org/entity/nv-tilak Narayan Waman Tilak materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tilak, Narayan Vaman}}
[[Category:Konkan]]
[[Category:Marathi-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian Christians]]
[[Category:Converts to Protestantism from Hinduism]]
[[Category:Konkani people]]
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1919 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Ratnagiri district]]
[[Category:Christian ashram movement]]

INS Nireekshak

2026-05-06T12:23:43Z

Lucillecrale:

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'''INS ''Nireekshak'' (A15)''' (''Inspector'') is a [[diving support vessel]] (DSV) of [[Indian Navy]]. It can also function as interim [[submarine rescue vessel]] (SRV).

== Design and acquisition ==
''Nireekshak'' was originally built by the [[Mazagon Dock Limited]], [[Mumbai]], for the [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]]'s offshore [[oil exploration]] work, having a dynamic position facility and a recompression chamber. It was however acquired on lease with an option for purchase by [[Indian Navy]] and was commissioned on 8 June 1989. The ship was modified and refitted with the diving bell and other rescue equipment removed from the former Russian submarine rescue vessel {{Ship|INS|Nistar|1969|6}} in a dry dock. In March 1995 the purchase option was invoked and the vessel was formally re-commissioned on 15 September 1995. The ship is equipped with two Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicles (DSRV), capable of taking 12 men to 300 meters together, with two six-man recompression chambers and one three-man diving bell. It is intended to facilitate rescue from a submarine in distress and training of saturation divers. Its pennant number is A-15.<ref name="nir">{{cite web |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/154-INS-Nireekshak.html |title=NAVY - INS Nireekshak |publisher=Bharat-Rakshak.com |date=8 June 1989 |accessdate=4 October 2013 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220648/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Active/154-INS-Nireekshak.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indiansubmariners.blogspot.com/2008/03/transition-to-eminence-indian.html |title=indiansubmariner: Transition to Eminence - Indian submarines |publisher=Indiansubmariners.blogspot.com |date=22 March 2008 |accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PVk1ZpHkPbE |title=Indian Naval Ship 'Nireekshak' departs Trincomalee harbor after successful voyage |author=Sri Lanka Navy |author-link=Sri Lanka Navy |publisher=[[YouTube]] |quote=Indian Naval ship ‘Nireekshak' which arrived in Sri Lanka on 25th November, departed the port of Trincomalee, today (03rd December). Sri Lanka Navy bade customary farewell to the departing ship in accordance to naval traditions. |date=3 December 2019}}</ref>

== Service history ==
In January 2013 a team of [[Saturation diving|saturation divers]] from ''Nireekshak'' set a new national diving record, operating at {{Convert|257|m}} in the Arabian Sea, about {{Convert|35|nmi}} off [[Kochi]], and beating their own record of {{Convert|233|m}} set in February 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Naval-divers-set-national-record/articleshow/18094522.cms |title=Naval divers set national record |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 January 2013 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}</ref>

On 16 April 2016, a sailor lost his leg while two others were injured in an oxygen cylinder explosion on board the ship. The explosion took place while a diving bailout bottle, a small 12-inch oxygen bottle which is carried by divers in their diving helmet, was being charged. This incident has never happened in history of the Indian Navy before. One sailor sustained serious injuries and his right leg was amputated from just above the knee and two other sailors received splinter injuries in the stomach region and legs. They were admitted in Military Hospital, Trivandrum as ship was on it way to Mumbai from Visakhapatnam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/541595/three-sailors-injured-explosion-board.html|title=Three sailors injured in explosion on board Indian naval ship|date=20 April 2016|newspaper=Deccan Herald|agency=PTI|access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/04/20/naval-accident-nireekshak_n_9736658.html|title=Sailor Loses Leg In Explosion On Naval Ship INS Nireekshak|website=The Huffington Post|date=20 April 2016 |access-date=2016-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxygen cylinder explosion on board Indian Navy ship injures 3 sailors|date=20 April 2016 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/oxygen-cylinder-explosion-on-board-indian-navy-ship-injures-3-sailors/story-YIJsHxk8s1l0w7cy06JcJL.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/navy-diver-loses-leg-after-oxygen-cylinder-explodes-on-board-ship-1397471|title=Navy Diver Loses Leg After Oxygen Cylinder Explodes On INS Nireekshak|date=20 April 2016|first1=Vishnu|last1=Som|first2=Sudhi Ranjan|last2=Sen|editor-first=Anindita|editor-last=Sanyal|website=NDTV.com|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref>

The ship, commanded by [[Commander]] Sailesh Kumar Tyagi, reached the [[Port of Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]] to participate in the fourth edition of IN-SLN DIVEX 2026, a bilateral diving exercise with the [[Sri Lanka Navy]] scheduled from 21 to 27 April 2026. The ship also delivered 50,000 rounds of [[9×19mm Parabellum]] rounds to the Sri Lanka Navy. The visit is also aimed to act as an operational turnaround.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=INS Nireekshak arrives at Colombo, Sri Lanka to participate in IN-SLN DIVEX 2026 |date=2026-04-22 |publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2254416&reg=3&lang=1 |access-date=2026-04-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-22 |title=INS Nireekshak arrives in Sri Lanka for Operational Turnaround and training visit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/ins-nireekshak-arrives-in-sri-lanka-for-operational-turnaround-and-training-visit-101776858193905.html |access-date=2026-04-29 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite press release |title=INS NIREEKSHAK makes port call in Colombo |date=2026-04-22 |publisher=[[Sri Lanka Navy]] |url=https://news.navy.lk/eventnews/2026/04/21/202604211600/ |access-date=2026-04-29}}</ref>

==Gallery==

{{Gallery
|title=
|width=160 | height=170
|File:INS Nireekshak (A15) entering Mangalore port.jpg
|INS ''Nireekshak'' (A15) entering [[Mangalore]] port.
|File:INS Nireekshak (A15).jpg
|INS ''Nireekshak'' (A15) at sea.
}}

==See also==
* [[List of active Indian Navy ships]]
* [[Future ships of the Indian Navy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|INS Nireekshak (A15)}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140927071407/http://www.indiannavy.nic.in/naval-fleet/diving-support-ship-nireekshak Indian Navy: Diving Support Ship ''Nireekshak'']

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nireekshak, INS}}
[[Category:Auxiliary ships of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Training ships of the Indian Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built in India]]

Aditi Sarangdhar

2026-05-06T10:11:45Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Aditi Sarangdhar
| image =
| imagesize = 200px
| caption = Aditi on Television reality show
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1981|10|16}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aditi celebrates her 42nd birthday |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/aditi-sarangdhar-birthday-she-share-memory-of-first-fighting-with-her-husband/articleshow/104453031.cms |access-date=2023-11-05 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| yearsactive = 2000–present
| occupation = [[Actress]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Suhas Revandekar|2013}}
}}

'''Aditi Sarangdhar''' is an Indian actress. She worked in many [[Marathi language|Marathi]] movies and TV shows. She is famous for the role of Rama Chaudhary in serial ''[[Vadalvaat]]'' and Malvika Khanvilkar in serial ''[[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Aditi-scores-over-tantrum-queen-Swarda/articleshow/45659025.cms|title=Aditi scores over tantrum queen Swarda|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-date=29 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029163048/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/Aditi-scores-over-tantrum-queen-Swarda/articleshow/45659025.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Early life ==
Aditi was born to Dr. Dipak and Shaila Sarangdhar, a middle-class family from [[Kalyan]]. She is a graduate from [[Ramnarain Ruia College]], [[Mumbai]]. On 25 May 2013, Aditi married Suhas Revandekar.

==Career==
Sarangdhar performed in [[Nishikant Kamat]]'s experimental play ''Litmus'', where she was spotted. Kanchan Adhikari offered her the role of Damini. She acted in the female version of Devendra Pem's E''All The Best''<nowiki/>' and then [[Zee Marathi]]'s ''[[Vadalvaat]].''

In the two-act play, Aditi portrays call-girl "Shabbo". The story revolves around two characters and two incidents. She played shades of Radha successfully. Rajan Tamhane directed this play and played two short term characters. Aditi secured Zee Gaurav and MaTa Sanman for this role.

Aditi played the central role of Rama Chaudhary in a TV show Vadalvaat on Zee Marathi. This role brought her fame and recognition across Marathi households.

''[[Hou De Jarasa Ushir]]'' is a movie directed by Wasim Maner. Aditi portrays Monali Mohite. The movie competed for an Oscar nomination.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-06-29|title='Hou De Jarasa Ushir' qualifies next level in Oscar race - Times Of I…|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-18/news-interviews/35869501_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-oscars|access-date=2021-06-25|website=archive.ph|archive-date=29 June 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130629122152/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-12-18/news-interviews/35869501_1_marathi-film-abhijeet-gholap-oscars|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
|-
! Year
! class="unsortable" |Films
! Director
! Role
!Ref.
|-
| 2004
| ''Akalpit''
| Ramesh More
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Film on wife-swapping set for stormy debut|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/film-on-wife-swapping-set-for-stormy-debut/articleshow/696189.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2006
| ''Divasen Divas''
| [[Gajendra Ahire]]
|
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| 2007
| ''Natha Pure Ata''
| Mrs. Lata Ashok Jadhav
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Natha Pure Aata (2005) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/natha-pure-aata-40275/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124001207/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/natha-pure-aata-40275/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=24 January 2021|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Cinestaan}}</ref>
|-
| 2008
| ''Uladhaal''
| [[Aditya Sarpotdar]]
| Neha
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditya Sarpotdar takes a trip down memory lane as his debut directorial film 'Uladhal' clocks 11 years|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/aditya-sarpotdar-takes-a-trip-down-memory-lane-as-his-debut-directorial-film-uladhal-clocks-11-years/articleshow/71951110.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| ''Chingi''
| Raaj Israni
|
|
|-
| 2010
| ''Tee Ratra''
| Viju Mane
|Rajni Deshmukh
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2011
| ''Paach Naar Ek Bejaar ''
| Vijay Satghare
|
|
|-
| ''Tuch Khari Gharachi Laxmi''
| Vijay Bhanu
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2012
| ''Dhating Dhingana''
| Mandar Devsthali
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Neelam Shirke, Prasad Oak and Aditi Sarangdhar in a still from the Marathi movie 'Dhating Dhingana'.|url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/marathi/dhating-dhingana/articleshow/18809212.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=photogallery.indiatimes.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''Aik''
| Pratik Kadam
|Aditi Jadhav
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| ''Kay Karu N Kasa Karu''
| Vinay A. Laad
|
|
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2013
| ''Mohar''
| [[Vijay Patkar]]
|Tainu
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
| ''Mandali Tumchyasathi Kay Pan''
| Anil Surve
|
|
|-
| ''Aakant''
| Mansing Pawar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aakant Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-details/aakant/movieshow/62536656.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Sutradhar''
| Pratik Kadam
|Vaijayanthi
|
|-
| ''[[Hou De Jarasa Ushir]]''
| Wasim Maner
| Monali Mohite
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hou De Jarasa Ushir races ahead|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/hou-de-jarasa-ushir-races-ahead/articleshow/17743343.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''Navra Maza Bhavra''
| Kamalakar Gunjal
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Special song filmed for the movie Navra Majha Bhavra|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/special-song-filmed-for-the-movie-navra-majha-bhavra/articleshow/19358414.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2016
| ''Majha Naav Shivaji''
| Pranita Pawar
| Namrata
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Bai Ga]]''
|Pandurang Jadhav
|
| <ref>{{cite web |title=Bai Ga Movie (2024): Cast, Trailer, OTT, Songs, Release Date {{!}} Baii Ga {{!}} बाई गं {{!}} Exclusive 2024 - Rang Marathi |url=https://rangmarathi.com/bai-ga-movie/ |website=Rang Marathi |access-date=22 June 2024 |date=15 March 2024}}</ref>
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2000
|''Damini''
|
|
|-
|2003-2007
|''[[Vadalvaat]]''
|Rama Chaudhari
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditi Sarangdhar gets nostalgic, shares pic from her first portfolio|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/aditi-sarangdhar-gets-nostalgic-shares-pic-from-her-first-portfolio/articleshow/81632910.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|''Katha Sarita''
|Episodic role
|
|-
|2009
|''Abhilasha''
|Janu
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Abhilasha{{!}} Marathi Serial {{!}} Full Episode - 1 {{!}} Aditi Sarangdhar{{!}} Zee Marathi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALlkRLFkY6I| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/ALlkRLFkY6I?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALlkRLFkY6I| archive-date=2021-10-24|access-date=2021-06-25}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|2010
|''Active Wheel WOW''
|Guest appearance
|
|-
|2011-2016
|''[[Lakshya (TV series)|Lakshya]]''
|Saloni Deshmukh
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakshya – A gripping crime fiction series|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/lakshya-a-gripping-crime-fiction-series/articleshow/9720295.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2011
|''[[Fu Bai Fu]]''
|Contestant
|
|-
|2012
|''[[Dholkichya Talavar]]''
|Contestant
|
|-
|2014
|''Bheti Laagi Jeeva''
|Surrogate mother
|
|-
|2015
|''Majhe Man Tujhe Zhale''
|Swarada
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aditi scores over tantrum queen Swarda|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/aditi-scores-over-tantrum-queen-swarda/articleshow/45659025.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|''Comedychi GST Express''
|Contestant
|<ref>{{Citation|title=Comedychi GST Express {{!}} Aditi Sarangdhar Turns Comedian {{!}} Colors Marathi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7XM3Doeq0I| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/j7XM3Doeq0I?url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j7XM3Doeq0I| archive-date=2021-10-24|access-date=2021-06-25}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|2018-2020
|''[[H.M. Bane T.M. Bane]]''
|Tulika Bane
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Swarajyajanani Jijamata]]''
|
|
|-
|2021-2022
|''[[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]''
|Malvika Khanvilkar
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Lakshya (TV series)|Nave Lakshya]]''
|Saloni Deshmukh
|
|-
|2023
|''[[Nava Gadi Nava Rajya]]''
|Mrs. Barve
|
|-
|2024
|''[[Satvya Mulichi Satavi Mulgi]]''
|Trinayna Goddess
|
|-
|2025-2026
|''[[Muramba (TV series)|Muramba]]''
|Irawati Mukadam
|
|-
|2026-present
|''[[Sanai Chaughade]]''
|Tejaswini Khanolkar
|
|}

==Stage work==

{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2000
|''Litmus''
|Sameer Limaye
|Debut play
|-
|''Manjula''
|[[Nishikant Kamat]]
|
|-
|2008
|''Aga Aga Degree''
|Mangesh Satpute
|
|-
|2013
|''Proposal''
|Rajan Tamhane
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 23, 2013|first=Barkha|last=Mathur|title=Marathi play 'Proposal' takes audience on emotional journey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/marathi-play-proposal-takes-audience-on-emotional-journey/articleshow/22907610.cms|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2015
|''All The Best''
|Devendra Pem
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2002-04-21|title=All The Best, Hunh: 8000 Shows Of The Play|url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/best-hunh-8000-shows-play/|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Man's World India|language=en-GB}}</ref>
|-
|''Indrakshi''
|Sahyadri Media Entertainment
|
|-
|''Graceful''
|Rajan Tamhane
|{{Citation needed|date=May 2023}}
|-
|''2023''
|''Charcha Tar Honarch''
|''Hemant Edlabadkar''
|-
|''2024''
|''Mastermind''
|''Vijay Kenkre''
|<ref>[https://veryfirsttale.in/mastermind-marathi-natak-review-now-watch-a-gripping-suspense-thriller-story/ Mastermind Natak Review], VeryFirstTale 2024</ref>
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Work
!Award
!Name of Category
!Result
!Ref.
|-
|2000
|''Manjula''
|Sawai Inter-College-Drama Competition
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2004
| rowspan="6" |''[[Vadalvaat]]''
| rowspan="6" |[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
|Best Actress
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2004-08-12|title=Alpha Marathi celebrates 5th birthday with Apla Alpha Awards|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/aug/aug115.htm|url-status=live|access-date=|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040824230706/http://indiantelevision.com:80/headlines/y2k4/aug/aug115.htm |archive-date=24 August 2004 }}</ref>
|-
|Best Character - Female
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dabur Vatika Zee Marathi Award 2005 recognises Marathi television talent|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/media-tv-news/dabur-vatika-zee-marathi-award-2005-recognises-marathi-television-talent-17333.html|access-date=2021-06-25|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media}}</ref>
|-
|Best Character - Female
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|Best Actress
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi Awards 2006 Winners List|url=http://www.zeemarathi.com/Marathi_Awards.aspx?zsid=43|access-date=30 November 2022|archive-date=23 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023042309/http://zeemarathi.com/Marathi_Awards.aspx?zsid=43|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|Best Character - Female
|{{Won}}
|-
| rowspan="3" |2013
| rowspan="3" |''Proposal''
|Maharashtra Times Sanman Awards
|Best Actress in Play
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|[[Zee Natya Gaurav Puraskar]]
|Best Actress - Play
|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Maharashtra State Government Commercial Theater Competition Award
|Best Actress
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| rowspan="2" |''[[Yeu Kashi Tashi Me Nandayla]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
|Best Character - Female
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi Awards 2020-21 Nominations List|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-marathi-awards-2020-21-from-agga-bai-sasubai-to-devmanus-vote-for-your-favourite-shows-stars/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-25|website=ZEE5|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625191815/https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/zee-marathi-awards-2020-21-from-agga-bai-sasubai-to-devmanus-vote-for-your-favourite-shows-stars/ |archive-date=25 June 2021 }}</ref>
|-
|Best Negative Role - Female
|{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}<ref>{{Cite bioRxiv |last1=Nayak |first1=Sarangdhar |last2=Dhar |first2=Pawan K. |date=2023-06-29 |title=Repurposing the dark genome. IV – noncoding proteins |biorxiv=10.1101/2023.06.29.547021 }}</ref>

==External links==
* [https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2346644/ Aditi Sarangdhar] at [[IMDb]]
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sarangdhar, Aditi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi theatre]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian stage actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:1981 births]]

Santosh Kumar Mishra

2026-05-01T13:34:18Z

Lucillecrale: starting bio

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Santosh Kumar Mishra''' (born 1978)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. He is an MLA from [[Kargahar Assembly constituency]] in [[Rohtas district]]. He won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] representing [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Kargahar Bihar Election 2020 Final Results LIVE:INC Candidate SANTOSH KUMAR MISHRA wins from Kargahar, Bihar |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/kargahar-bihar-election-2020-results-live-vote-counting-begins-at-8-am-stay-tuned-for-updates-1385885 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mishra is from [[Kargahar]], Rohtas district, Bihar. His late father Girish Narayan Mishra was a farmer. He completed his graduation in engineering.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Santosh Kumar Mishra(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KARGAHAR(ROHTAS) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=9847 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Mishra won from Kargahar Assembly constituency representing Indian National Congress in the 2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election. He polled 47,321 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Uday Pratap Singh of [[Janata Dal (United)]], by a margin of 4,083 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Kargahar Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Santosh Kumar Mishra of INC |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kargahar-election-result-2020-live-updates-kargahar-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3061262.html |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Assembly Election Result 2020: Kargahar Assembly Constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/acno209-2-1794504 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mishra, Santosh Kumar}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:People from Rohtas district]]

{{Bihar-INC-politician-stub}}

Chiranjeet Chakraborty

2026-04-26T03:48:16Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Short description|Indian politician and actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=July 2012}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2024}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office1 = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Barasat (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| term_start1 = [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = Bithika Mondal
| successor1 =
| constituency2 =
| office2 =
| term2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| birth_name = Deepak Chakraborty
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1949|11|02}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=দত্ত |first1=অভিনন্দন |title=Chiranjeet Chakraborty Birthday: বুম্বা আমার পরেই ছিল, আমি জায়গা ছাড়তে ও এক নম্বর হল! জন্মদিনে কোনও অভিযোগ নেই চিরঞ্জিতের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/a-candid-chat-with-actor-chiranjeet-chakraborty-on-his-birthday-dgtl/cid/1471401 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=2 November 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = [[Actor]], [[Film director|director]], politician
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
}}

'''Deepak Chakraborty''' (born 2 November 1955), known professionally as '''Chiranjeet Chakraborty''', is an Indian actor and director in the [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali film industry]] located in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Chiranjeet Chakraborty: I live my life with the help of cinema, not by worshipping cinema - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/chiranjeet-chakraborty-i-live-my-life-with-the-help-of-cinema-not-by-worshipping-cinema/articleshow/81569525.cms |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=The Times of India |date=18 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/chiranjeet-chakraborty-130547 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331073248/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/chiranjeet-chakraborty-130547 |url-status=live |archive-date=31 March 2019 |title=Chiranjeet Chakraborty movies, filmography, biography and songs – Cinestaan.com |website=Cinestaan |access-date=2019-07-21}}</ref> He is the son of renowned cartoonist Shaila Chakraborty. He is also a politician and a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Government of West Bengal]]. He has been conferred upon the prestigious ''Mahanayak Samman'' by the Govt. of West Bengal in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State Govt to felicitate Bengali actors|date=18 July 2012|website=hindubusinessline.com|access-date=7 August 2024|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/policy/state-govt-to-felicitate-bengali-actors/article23081842.ece|quote=Some of the other winners include actor-turned Trinamool MPs and MLAs like Shatabdi Roy, Tapas Pal, Chiranjeet and Debashree Roy.}}</ref>

He made his debut with the 1981 film ''Sonay Sohaga''. It was a box office failure. He gained popularity after starring in [[Anjan Choudhury]]'s 1984 film ''Shatru''. His first hit in a lead role was the 1985 film ''Antarale''. After that, he had a series of hits in his career like ''Pratikar'', ''Prateek'', ''Paapi'', ''Paap Punya'', ''Beder Meye Josna'', ''Amarkantak'', ''Jeeban Jouban'', ''Bhoy'', ''Shaitan'', ''Pennam Kolkata'', ''Bedenir Prem '', ''Tridhara'', ''Jeeban Joddha'', ''Phiriye Dao'', ''Agnitrishna'', ''Shakti'', ''Rakte Lekha'', ''Rakta Nadir Dhara'', ''Tomar Rakte Amar Sohaag'', ''Trishul'', ''[[Chotushkone]]'' and many others.<ref>{{cite news |title=স্টারকে বাঁচাও নইলে অভিনেতারা মরবে |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/patrika/an-exclusive-interview-of-actor-chiranjeet-chakraborty-1.544690 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |date=7 January 2017 |language=bn}}</ref>

He got a turning point in his career after starring in [[Rituparno Ghosh]]'s 2000 film ''[[Bariwali]]''. He is also a famous stage artist. Chakraborty is considered to be one of the most successful actors in the history of [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali Cinema]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Soujannya |title=Chiranjeet Chakraborty: ‘I wanted to play Feluda and Kabuliwala; I want to work with Goutam Ghose’ |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/chiranjeet-chakraborty-i-wanted-to-play-feluda-and-kabuliwala-i-want-to-work-with-goutam-ghose/cid/1980397 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=16 November 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Goswami |first1=Ranita |title=জন্মদিনে শহর থেকে বহুদূরে, কোথায় কাটাচ্ছেন? জীবনে কি কোনও আক্ষেপ রয়ে গেল? কী বলছেন চিরঞ্জিত |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chiranjeet-chakraborty-celebrates-his-birthday-at-us-with-daughter-and-soninlaw-31730534202803.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203181027/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/actor-chiranjeet-chakraborty-celebrates-his-birthday-at-us-with-daughter-and-soninlaw-31730534202803.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=2 November 2024 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Education and early career==
Chiranjeet completed his Higher Secondary from [[Mitra Institution (Main)]]. He studied [[B.E]]. in [[Architecture]] from [[Jadavpur University]], but did not appear for his final examination. He has worked for ''[[Desh (magazine)|Desh]]'' magazine and as a newsreader on TV. He is married and has a daughter.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kanji |first1=Subhasmita |title=Chiranjeet Chakraborty: 'যশ তার অধরাই', মিউজিক ভিডিয়ো প্রকাশ করেই 'গায়ক দীপক'কে নিয়ে কী বললেন চিরঞ্জিত? |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/chiranjeet-chakraborty-is-going-to-step-in-the-world-of-music-31678674954119.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322123217/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/chiranjeet-chakraborty-is-going-to-step-in-the-world-of-music-31678674954119.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 March 2023 |access-date=5 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=13 March 2023 |language=bn}}</ref>

==Political career==
Chiranjeet contested the [[2011 West Bengal state assembly election]] in [[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat Constituency]] for [[All India Trinamool Congress]] and won the seat. In March 2021, Mamata Banerjee announced Chiranjeet would contest from [[Barasat Assembly constituency|Barasat Vidan Sabha constituency]] in the West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election 2021. Chakraborty regained the Barasat constituency as AITC candidate after defeating BJP candidate Sankar Chatterjee with a margin of 23,783 votes as declared on 2 May 2021. As of 2024, he is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] of [[Government of West Bengal]]. In 2022, he expressed his opinion regarding [[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]]'s arrest.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thebengalichronicle.com/chiranjeet-chakraborty-comments-on-partha-chatterjees-arrest-act|title="I am very scared, I have some girlfriends" Trinamool MLA Chiranjeet said at the Partha-Arpita lecture|date=25 July 2022|website=The Bengali Chronicle|access-date=25 July 2022|archive-date=27 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727084022/https://thebengalichronicle.com/chiranjeet-chakraborty-comments-on-partha-chatterjees-arrest-act|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Film career==

===As director===
*''Maryada'' (1989)
*''[[Phiriye Dao]]'' (1994)
*''Sansar Sangram'' (1995)
*''[[Kencho Khunrte Keute]]'' (1995)
*''Bhoy'' (1996)
*''Bastir Meye Radha'' (2000)
*''Manush Amanush'' (2002)

===As actor===

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''Sonay Sohaga'' (1981)
*''Sandhan'' (1982)
*''Prafulla'' (1982)
*''Din Jaye'' (1983)
*''Ashlilatar Daye'' (1983)
*''[[Shatru (1984 film)|Shatru]]'' (1984)
*''Samarpita'' (1984)
*''Sonar Sansar'' (1985)
*''[[Harishchandra Shaibya]]'' (1985)
*''Antarale'' (1985)
*''Prem O Paap'' (1986)
*''Madhumoy'' (1986)
*''Jiban'' (1986)
*''Artanad'' (1986)
*''[[Amar Kantak (film)|Amar Kantak]]'' (1986)
*''Pratikar'' (1987)
*''Paap Punya'' (1987)
*''Mouna Mukhar'' (1987)
*''Gayak'' (1987)
*''Pratik'' (1988)
*''Madhuganjer Sumati'' (1988)
*''[[Hirer Shikal]]'' (1988)
*''Boba Sanai'' (1988)
*''Aghat'' (1988)
*''Tufan'' (1989)
*''Shatrupaksha'' (1989)
*''Nishibadhu'' (1989)
*''Maryada'' (1989)
*''Mahapith Tarapith'' (1989)
*''Asha'' (1989)
*''Agnitrishna'' (1989)
*''Papi'' (1990)
*''Jowar Bhanta'' (1990)
*''Gharer Bou'' (1990)
*''Sindur'' (1991)
*''Beder Meye Josna'' (1991)
*''Shaitan'' (1992)
*''Rakte Lekha'' (1992)
*''Pitrireen'' (1992)
*''Pennam Kolkata'' (1992)
*''Bedenir Prem'' (1992)
*''Tomar Rakte Aamar Sohag'' (1993)
*''[[Shanka]]'' (1993)
*''Shakti'' (1993)
*''Samparka'' (1993)
*''Maan Samman'' (1993)
*''Kanyadan'' (1993)
*''Ghar Sansar'' (1993)
*''[[Rakta Nadir Dhara]]'' (1994)
*''[[Phiriye Dao]]'' (1994)
*''Lal Paan Bibi'' (1994)
*''Danga'' (1994)
*''Biswas Abiswas'' (1994)
*''Atikram'' (1994)
*''Sansar Sangram'' (1995)
*''Rakhal Raja'' (1995)
*''Prem Sanghat'' (1995)
*''Naginkanya'' (1995)
*''Mashal'' (1995)
*''Kumari Maa'' (1995)
*''Kencho Khunrte Keute'' (1995)
*''Jiban Yoddha'' (1995)
*''Abirbhab'' (1995)
*''Tridhara'' (1996)
*''Joy Bijoy'' (1996)
*''[[Bhoy (film)|Bhoy]]'' (1996)
*''Bhai Amar Bhai'' (1996)
*''Beyadap'' (1996)
*''Yoddha'' (1997)
*''Sedin Chaitramas'' (1997)
*''Sabar Upare Maa'' (1997)
*''Pita Mata Santan'' (1997)
*''Nishpap Asami'' (1997)
*''Jiban Jouban'' (1997)
*''Chandragrahan'' (1997)
*''Mayer Dibyi'' (1998)
*''Lola Lusi'' (1998)
*''Bishnu Narayan'' (1998)
*''Sindur Khela'' (1999)
*''Sankha Sindurer Dibyi'' (1999)
*''Rajdanda'' (1999)
*''Mastan Raja'' (1999)
*''Dadabhai'' (1999)
*''Trishul'' (2000)
*''Rupasi Dohai Tomar'' (2000)
*''Dharma Adharma'' (2000)
*''Debanjali'' (2000)
*''Chakrabyuha'' (2000)
*''Bastir Meye Radha'' (2000)
*''Srimoti Bhayonkari'' (2001)
*''Prem Pratigya'' (2001)
*''Ostad'' (2001)
*''Mastermasai'' (2001)
*''Hatiyar'' (2001)
*''Bhalobasar Rajprasade'' (2001)
*''[[Bariwali]]'' (2001)
*''Manush Amanush'' (2002)
*''[[Inquilaab (2002 film)|Inquilaab]]'' (2002)
*''[[Abaidha]]'' (2002)
*''Chor O Bhagoban'' (2003)
*''Atotayee'' (2004)
*''[[Chore Chore Mastuto Bhai]]'' (2005)
*''Abhinetri'' (2006)
*''Antarotamo'' (2008)
*''1 No. Plum Villa'' (2009)
*''Sesh Sanghat'' (2009)
*''Gudly'' (2010)
*''Antarbas'' (2010)
*''Rose Craze Rose'' (2010)
*''Jibon Rang Berang'' (2011)
*''[[Boss (2013 Bengali film)|Boss]]'' (2013)
*''10th July'' (2014)
*''[[Bindaas (2014 film)|Bindaas]]'' (2014)
*''Kusum Tumi Amar'' (2013)- Unreleased
*''[[Chotushkone]]'' (2014)
*''Cornel'' (2013)- Unreleased
*''Monihara'' (2015)
*''[[Abby Sen]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Shororipu]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/After-Chotushkone-Chiranjeet-takes-on-lead-role/articleshow/46410827.cms |title=After Chotushkone, Chiranjeet takes on lead role |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=28 Feb 2015}}</ref> (2016)
* ''[[Kiriti Roy (2016 film)|Kiriti Roy]]'' (2016)
*''[[Chaamp]]'' (2017)
*''[[Boss 2: Back to Rule]]'' (2017)
*''[[Jagga Jasoos]]'' (2017) (Hindi)
*''[[Rongberonger Korhi]]'' (2018)
*''[[Rosogolla]]'' (2018)
*''[[Baccha Shoshur]]'' (2019)
*''[[Surjo Prithibir Chardike Ghore]]'' (2019)
*''Buro Sadhu'' (2019)
*''Water Bottle'' (2019) (Web Series)
*''Daawat-e-Biryani'' (2019)
*''[[Shororipu 2: Jotugriho]]'' (2020)
*''Unicorn'' (2021)
*''[[Parnashavarir Shaap]]'' (2023) (Web Series)
*''[[Dabaru]]'' (2024)
*''[[Nikosh Chhaya]]'' (2024)
*''[[Dhumketu (2025 film)|Dhumketu]]'' (2025)
*''[[Hati Hati Pa Pa]]'' (2025)
*''[[Vijaynagar'er Hirey]]'' (2026)
*''[[Nikosh Chhaya#Season 2|Nikosh Chhaya 2]]'' (2026)
{{div col end}}

==Awards==
* Kalakar Awards-Best Actor Award for ''Ghar Sansar'' in 1993
* Kalakar Awards-Best Director Award for ''Sansar Sangram'' in 1996
* Kalakar Awards-Best Actor Award in 2000
* [[BFJA Award]]-Best Actor Award for ''[[Abaidha]]'' in 2002
* Kalakar Awards-Best Actor Award for ''Manus Amanus'' in 2003
* Kalakar Awards-Best Actor Award (Television) for ''Mushkil Assan'' in 2006
* [[BFJA Awards]]-Best Actor Award for ''Abaidha'' in 2003
* Bharat Nirman Award in 2011
* Mahanayak Samman in 2012

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0149816}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-la}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= WB
| constituency= Barasat
| before= Bithika Mondal
| after=
| years= [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]] – }}
{{s-end}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{West Bengal Legislative Assembly2}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiranjeet}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Bengali cinema]]
[[Category:Bengali male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University alumni]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian actor-politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from North 24 Parganas district]]

Arun Singh (Indian politician)

2026-04-24T21:20:56Z

Lucillecrale: adding initial bio basic info

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1965)}}
{{Multiple issues|{{Resume-like|date=April 2023}}
{{BLP sources|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Arun Singh
| image = Arun singh profile picture4.jpg
| office = [[Member of parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 5 December 2019
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Tazeen Fatma]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
| office2 = [[Standing committee (India)|Standing Committee Member]]
| 1namedata2 = Committee on Chemicals and Fertilizers Committee on Consumer Affairs,Food and Public Distribution Committee on Public Undertakings
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| office3 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|National General Secretary of Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name="administrator">{{cite web|url=http://www.bjp.org/organisation/office-bearers|title=National Office Bearers|author=Administrator|work=bjp.org|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-date=22 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022002728/http://www.bjp.org/organisation/office-bearers|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| term_start3 = 17 June 2015
| term_end3 =
| office4 = State Incharge of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], [[Odisha]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bjp.org/organisation/state-prabhari|title=State Prabhari|author=Administrator|work=bjp.org|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-date=16 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216205843/http://www.bjp.org/organisation/state-prabhari|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| term_start4 = 2013
| term_end4 = 2019
| office5 = [[Bharatiya Janata Party, Karnataka|State Incharge of Bharatiya Janata Party of Karnataka & Rajasthan]]
| term_start5 = November 2019
| term_end5 = 2024
| successor5 = [[Radha Mohan Das Agarwal]]
| birth_place = [[Mirzapur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{Marriage|Meenakshi Singh|1991}}
| children = 3 (1 son and 2 daughters)
| father = Vijay Naraian Singh
| mother = Lalita Singh
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name="administrator"/>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1965|04|04|df=y}}<ref name="arunsinghbjp.in">{{cite web|url=http://www.arunsinghbjp.in/aboutus.php|title=Arun Singh - Profile BJP, Arun Singh Bio Data, Arun Singh Ji Bjp Profile, Arun Singh Bjp, Arun Singh Mirzapur, Arun Singh Delhi, Arun Singh New Delhi|work=arunsinghbjp.in|access-date=28 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923174303/http://www.arunsinghbjp.in/aboutus.php|archive-date=23 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| education = [[Chartered Accountant]]<ref name="arunsinghbjp.in"/>
| website = {{URL|http://www.arunsinghbjp.in/}}
| footnotes = Source [http://www.arunsinghbjp.in/about-us.php]
}}

'''Arun Singh''' (born 4 April 1965) is an Indian [[politician]] who holds the positions of National [[General Secretary]] and Headquarter In-charge of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Singh is currently serving his second term as a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]]. Singh has discharged responsibilities as BJP's State Incharge of various states, including Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Odisha, Jharkhand and Ladakh.

During the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha Elections]], he was appointed as the Election In-charge of [[Andhra Pradesh]] by the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="newsonair.gov.in">{{Cite web |title=BJP Appoints Election Incharges And Co-In Charges For Rajasthan, Haryana And Andhra Pradesh For Lok Sabha Elections |date=21 March 2024 |url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/bjp-appoints-election-incharges-and-co-in-charges-for-rajasthan-haryana-and-andhra-pradesh-for-lok-sabha-elections/ |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> His efforts contributed to the BJP's strong performance in Andhra Pradesh during the [[2024 elections in India|2024 General and Assembly elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJP improves its poll performance in Andhra Pradesh | newspaper=The Hindu | date=6 June 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/bjp-improves-its-poll-performance-in-andhra-pradesh/article68255550.ece#:~:text=The%20party%20wins%20three%20Lok,to%2011.28%25%20and%202.83%25%20respectively&text=The%20Bharatiya%20Janata%20Party%20(BJP,Pradesh%20in%20the%202024%20elections. |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

As the State Incharge of Rajasthan from 2019 to 2023, he participated in giving the party organizational solidity and stability. Under the leadership of Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], the efforts of Singh helped the BJP's victory in [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha Elections]].<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{Cite web |title=BJP Rajasthan in-charge: 'War in Congress but we are united… no one in our party will call fellow leaders gaddar' |date=2 December 2022 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjp-rajasthan-in-charge-arun-singh-interview-8302839/ |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> Earlier, when he was Incharge of India's eastern state of Odisha, he helped the party to strengthen its organisational base at the grassroot level increasing the party's membership, which resulted in an exponential increase in vote share.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web |title=Arun Singh interview: 'In Odisha, Modi's name, popularity worked most for BJP' |date=28 May 2019 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/arun-singh-interview-in-odisha-modis-name-popularity-worked-most-for-bjp-5751465/ |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

Singh led the CII-SPF Delegation of Members of Parliament from India to Japan as a Mission leader which visited multiple locations across Japan from 24 February to 1 March 2025. This visit was organized with an objective of strengthening bilateral ties between the two nations and aimed to enhance bilateral cooperation and collaborations, foster talent and technology exchange, and build strategic partnerships.

He has been actively involved in the parliamentary proceedings. Singh was an [[accountant]] before entering politics which helps him present the stand of the party on topics in the field of [[economics]] and [[finance]]. He played a crucial role in clarifying the party's position through his interventions in the Parliament over various bills like Union Budget 2020-21 and 2021–22, Insurance Amendment Bill 2021, Working of the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises, Foreign Contribution and Regulation Amendment Bill 2020, Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code and the Appropriation Bill 2022 and 2023.

== Early life and education ==
Arun Singh was born on 4 April 1965 in the remote village of [[Waidhan|Baidha]] in the district of [[Mirzapur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. His father, Vijay Narayan Singh, was a teacher and farmer.

Singh completed his primary and secondary education at Mirzapur. He is a graduate from [[Allahabad University]] in commerce. In 1984, after graduating, he went to Delhi to pursue a Chartered Accountancy course. In 1988, he qualified as a Chartered Accountant with an All India Rank. In his 20s, he travelled across the country as an [[auditor]]. Since his youth, he developed an interest in the ideology of [[nationalism]], which led to his association with the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS). He started working with the ''Sampark Pramukh''. Subsequently, he joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janta Party's]] Youth wing and worked towards expanding the party.

Singh has also been an [[academician]]. He has been a guest faculty in the discipline of management and finance, served as the Director of [[State Bank of India]] and [[Union Bank of India|Union Bank]] for seven years, worked as a [[consultant]] for projects of [[World Bank]] and [[United Nations]] and with several notable corporations. He is the Secretary of the Dr. [[Syama Prasad Mukherjee|Shyama Prasad Mukherjee]] Research Foundation (SPMRF).<ref>{{Cite web |title= Organization of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee Research Foundation (SPMRF) |url=https://spmrf.org/organisation/ |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

== Political career ==
His public life commenced with joining [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS) and began to work with ''Sampark Pramukh''. He later became the leader of the [[Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha]], the youth wing of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP). Singh assumed the office of [[Vice President]] and National Treasurer of the youth wing of BJP from 1999 to 2004; he became the National Co-convener of the Investor Cell in 2005 and later became National Convenor in 2009.

Being the National Treasurer of BJYM, he is credited for organising the largest ever National Youth Convention in Agra on 3–4 October 2001. The valedictory session of the convention was addressed by the then Prime Minister Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. He was also instrumental as National Vice President of BJYM in organizing the International Youth Convention at Delhi in 2003. The convention focused on the subject of the "International Youth Conference on Terrorism". It was attended by the youth of more than 40 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |title= BJYM to hold meet on terrorism in Delhi |newspaper=The Times of India |date=20 January 2003 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/bjym-to-hold-meet-on-terrorism-in-delhi/articleshow/34908592.cms |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

Singh managed various processes, promoting the party's ideology and vision and handling the media in the 2003, 2008, and 2013 [[Chhattisgarh]] elections. Later, he managed Chhattisgarh in the 2009 [[Lok Sabha]] elections and [[Jharkhand Vidhan Sabha]] elections.

Singh also served as the National Executive Member of the BJP from 2009 to 2014. He was the State Co-Incharge (Prabhari) of [[Odisha]] BJP from 2013 to 2014 and was later promoted to the post of State Incharge in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/dec/16/odisha-bjp-to-have-new-chief-by-december-end-bjp-general-secretary-arun-singh-2076773.html|title=Odisha BJP to have new chief by December-end: BJP general secretary Arun Singh|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 December 2019 |access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref> He has been a member of the Team of Modi Campaign Committee. He served as the National Secretary of BJP from 16 August 2014 till 16 June 2015. He was the National Co-Incharge for the membership drive under the leadership of [[Amit Shah|Shri Amit Shah]]. The campaign led to his promotion to the post of National General Secretary and Headquarter In-charge of BJP on 17 June 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.arunsinghbjp.in/about-us.php|title=Arun Singh: National General Secretary of BJP|access-date=2024-06-11}}</ref>

During the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha Elections]], he was appointed as the election In-charge of the South Indian state [[Andhra Pradesh]] by [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref name="newsonair.gov.in"/> Prior to that, he was also BJP Incharge of Rajasthan and another southern state [[Karnataka]], where he played an instrumental role in giving the party organizational solidity and stability. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Singh was considered a key face behind the Party's thumping victory in the [[2023 Rajasthan Legislative Assembly election|2023 Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha Elections]].<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> During [[2019 Indian general election|2019 Lok Sabha Elections]] too, Singh played a pivotal role in strengthening the organizational base of the party in Odisha at the grassroots level.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> He was also the Incharge for the 2020 election of Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC), where BJP registered a stunning victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Wins Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council Elections In Leh |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjp-wins-ladakh-autonomous-hill-development-council-elections-in-leh-2316090 |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref>

Singh is the Member of Parliament ([[Rajya Sabha]]) for [[Uttar Pradesh]], as well as the National General Secretary, In-Charge of the BJP Headquarters, and member of the Office Modernisation Committee. He also leads the party's National Member Programme. In December 2019, he was elected as a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from Uttar Pradesh, and he was reelected in November 2020 for the consecutive second term.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arun-singh-takes-oath-as-rajya-sabha-member-1626667-2019-12-09|title=Arun Singh takes oath as Rajya Sabha member|date=December 9, 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-01-16}}</ref>

Singh is also a member of the Standing Committee on Water Resources<ref>{{Cite web |title=parliamentary-committees/water-resources |url=https://prsindia.org/parliamentary-committees/water-resources |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> and Standing Committee on Chemical & Fertilizers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=parliamentary-committees/chemicals-and-fertilizers |url=https://prsindia.org/parliamentary-committees/chemicals-and-fertilizers |access-date=11 June 2024}}</ref> He also holds membership in the Committee on Petitions Rajya Sabha and the Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Finance.

== Ideology ==
Singh believes in [[Integral humanism (India)|Integral Humanism]].

== Personal life==
Singh's wife is a [[Postgraduate education|Post Graduate]] in [[Zoology]]. They have two daughters and a son.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Arun}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Mirzapur]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from the Bharatiya Janata Party]]

Bangalore Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T20:21:30Z

Lucillecrale: adding initial article initial version

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Karnataka}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Bangalore
| map_image =
| state = [[Mysore State]]
| established = 1967
| abolished = 1977
| reservation = None
}}
'''Bangalore Lok Sabha constituency''' was a former [[Lok Sabha]] constituency in [[Mysore State]] in southern [[India]].

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''Till 1957 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<ref name="GE1957V1">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 : To the Second Lok Sabha Volume-I |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4112-general-election-1957-vol-i-ii/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320181548/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1957/Vol_I_57_LS.pdf |archive-date=20 March 2012 |access-date=11 July 2015 |work=Election Commission of India |page=5}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"| [[H. C. Dasappa]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical Report On General Elections, 1962 To The Third Lok Sabha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4113-general-election-1962-vol-i-ii/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185518/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1962/Vol_I_LS_62.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 |access-date=30 April 2014 |publisher=Election Commission of India |format=PDF}}</ref>
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]<ref name="General Election of India 1967">{{cite web |title=General Election of India 1967, 4th Lok Sabha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4114-general-election-1967-vol-i-ii/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 |access-date=13 January 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=5 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| rowspan="2"|[[Kengal Hanumanthaiah]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]<ref>{{cite web |title=General Election of India 1971, 5th Lok Sabha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/4115-general-election-1971-vol-i-ii/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2014 |access-date=13 January 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |page=6 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|colspan=4|{{center|''After 1977: Constituency Abolished''}}
|-
|}

==Election results==

===General election 1967===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1967 Indian general election]]: Bangalore<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=152|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718185108/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1967/Vol_I_LS_67.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K. Hanumanthaiya]]
|votes = 1,30,814
|percentage = 47.87
|change = -7.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=T. Subramanya|votes=80,194|percentage=29.34|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=S. R. M. Ahmad|votes=34,239|percentage=12.53|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=G. Rangaswamy|votes=28,047|percentage=10.26|change=N/A}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 50,620
|percentage = 18.53
|change = -9.80
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=282,182|percentage=52.13|change=-3.70}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election 1971===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1971 Indian general election]]: Bangalore<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|title=Statistical Report on General Elections, 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha|publisher=Election Commission of India|pages=158–159|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718175452/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/LS_1971/Vol_I_LS71.pdf|archive-date=18 July 2014}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[K. Hanumanthaiya]]
|votes = 1,81,819
|percentage = 65.13
|change = +17.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh|candidate=M. Gopala Krishna Adiga|votes=77,789|percentage=27.87|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India|candidate=[[M. S. Krishnan (politician)|M. S. Krishnan]]|votes=6,914|percentage=2.48|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=S. R. Mukhtar Ahmed|votes=4,371|percentage=1.57|change=-10.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=L. Krishna Murthy|votes=2,137|percentage=0.77|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=S. Clement|votes=1,795|percentage=0.64|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=C. S. Gundappa|votes=1,490|percentage=0.53|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=R. Shanmugam|votes=1,321|percentage=0.47|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=C. Krishna|votes=397|percentage=0.14|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=G. Rangaswamy|votes=319|percentage=0.11|change=-10.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=T. Dorairaj|votes=307|percentage=0.11|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=S. N. Sastry|votes=183|percentage=0.07|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=H. Y. S. Devaru|votes=163|percentage=0.06|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Independent (politician)|candidate=Krishna Kant Mishra|votes=154|percentage=0.06|change=N/A}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 104,030
|percentage = 37.26
|change = +18.73
}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=282,994|percentage=45.27|change=-6.86}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Bangalore North Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Bangalore City Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[Bangalore Rural Lok Sabha constituency]]
* [[List of former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka}}
{{coords|12.967389|77.587959|display=title}}

[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:1977 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1977]]
[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Urban district]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Rural district]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in India]]

Jai Prakash Aggarwal

2026-04-19T17:01:12Z

Lucillecrale: created first entry from scratch

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Jai Prakash Aggarwal
| image = JPAggarwal.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1944|11|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], [[British India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]] [[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2014
| office1 = [[Rajya Sabha|Member of Rajya Sabha]] [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Delhi|Delhi]]
| term_start1 = 2006
| term_end1 = 2009
| office2 = [[Lok Sabha|Member of Lok Sabha]] [[Chandni Chowk (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chandni Chowk]]
| term_start2 = 1984
| term_end2 = 1991
| term_start3 = 1996
| term_end3 = 1998
| party =[[Indian National Congress]]
| website =[http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=2963&lastls=15 Official Loksabha Profile]
}}
'''Jai Prakash Aggarwal''' (born 11 November 1944) is a politician from the [[Indian National Congress]] and a former member of the [[Parliament of India]] who has represented [[North East Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|North East Delhi]] and [[Chandni Chowk Lok Sabha constituency|Chandni Chowk]] in the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Indian Parliament]], and Delhi in the [[Rajya Sabha]], the upper house of the Indian Parliament.

His brother Atam Prakash Aggarwal is the Manager of Ramjas School Pusa Road located in Karol Bagh, Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Mentors {{!}} Ramjas School, Pusa Road, New Delhi |url=https://ramjaspusa.com/Our-Mentors |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=ramjaspusa.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-15 |title=Ramjas School Pusa Road |url=https://ramjasexpose.wordpress.com/2023/01/15/hello-world/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Ramjas School Pusa Road |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In the [[2009 Indian general election]], he defeated the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate by a margin of over 200,000 votes. In the [[2014 Indian general election]], he lost to [[Bhartiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]] by a margin of about 380,000 votes.

In 2024 Indian general elections, he lost to Praveen Khandelwal from Chandni Chowk seat by a margin of 80,000 seats.

==Positions held==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Description
|-
| 1983–1984
| Deputy Mayor, Delhi
* Chairman, Standing Committee, [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
* Leader, Congress Party, [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
|-
| 1984–1989
| Elected to [[8th Lok Sabha]]
* Member, Estimates Committee
|-
| 1989–1991
| Elected to [[9th Lok Sabha]] (2nd term)
* Member, Estimates Committee
|-
| 1996–1998
| Elected to [[11th Lok Sabha]] (3rd term)
|-
| 2006–2009
| Elected to the [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Delhi|Delhi]]
* Member, Joint Parliamentary Committee on Food Management in Parliament House Complex
* Chairman, House Committee, [[Rajya Sabha]]
* Member, General Purposes Committee
* Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
* Member, Committee on Commerce
|-
| 2009
| Elected to [[15th Lok Sabha]] (4th term)
* Chairman, House Committee
* Member, Committee on Urban Development
* Member, General Purposes Committee
* Member, JPC to Examine Matters Relating to Allocation and Pricing of Telecom Licences and Spectrum
|}<ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=2963&lastls=15 |website=164.100.47.194 |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{15th LS members from National Capital Territory}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aggarwal, Jai Parkash}}
[[Category:1944 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Delhi]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:India MPs 1989–1991]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:People from North East Delhi district]]
[[Category:United Progressive Alliance candidates in the 2014 Indian general election]]

{{Delhi-INC-politician-stub}}

Tamei Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:51:50Z

Lucillecrale: starting a entry

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Manipur State, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Tamei
| state = [[Manipur]]
| district = [[Tamenglong district|Tamenglong]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Outer Manipur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Outer Manipur]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| constituency_no =
| mla = [[Awangbow Newmai]]
| party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| electors = {{formatnum:42117}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14166-manipur-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Manipur General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref>{{update after|2027|6}}
}}
'''Tamei''' is one of the 60 [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituencies in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Manipur]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdfSchedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://www.elections.in/manipur/assembly-constituencies/tamei.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Tamei Assembly Constituency]</ref>

It is part of [[Tamenglong district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of Assembly ==
*1967: [[D. Kipgen]], Independent
*1972: [[Pauheu]], Independent
*1974: [[Pauheu]], Independent
*1980: [[I. D. Dijuanang]], [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
*1984: [[I. D. Dijuanang]], Independent
*1990: [[I. D. Dijuanang]], [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
*1995: [[D. P. Panmei]], Independent
*2000: [[Z. Mangaibou]], [[Manipur State Congress Party]]
*2002: [[Z. Mangaibou]], [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
*2007: [[Awangbow Newmei]], Independent
*2012: [[Kikhonbou Newmai]], [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|[[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| [[Awangbow Newmai]]<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/magazine/2019/gels/CEO%20Report%202019%20.pdf |title= Report - General Election to Lok Sabha, 2019|website=ceomanipur.nic.in |date= |author=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= December 27, 2020}}</ref>
|{{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2022|2022]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|50.83}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2017|2017]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|49.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2012|2012]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.78}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2007|2007]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|27.87}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2002|2002]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.56}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2000|2000]]|{{party color|Manipur State Congress Party}}|42.82}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1995|1995]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|25.22}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1990|1990]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|35.73}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1984|1984]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|37.04}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1980|1980]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|44.66}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Manipur Hills Union }}|41.15}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1972|1972]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|24.11}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1967|1967]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|45.87}}
}}
=== Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |title=Result Sheet State Assembly Election 2022 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126084814/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/StateLegislativeAssembly/2022/results |archive-date= 26 November 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Awangbow Newmai]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=19,643 |percentage=50.83% |change=1.49% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kikhonbou Newmai]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=17,945 |percentage=46.44% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Wilubou Newmai |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=627 |percentage=1.62% |change=-45.40% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. N. Kumuiteung (Dr. Aku) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=397 |percentage=1.03% |change=-2.49% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,698 |percentage=4.39% |change=2.08% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,644 |percentage=91.75% |change= 3.10% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 42,117 |change =15.62% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 1.49% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei<ref name=results2017>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2017 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905063602/http://www.ceomanipur.nic.in/ResultSheets/SLAResult2017.html |archive-date= 5 September 2018}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Awangbow Newmai]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=15,933 |percentage=49.34% |change=42.68% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kikhonbou Newmai]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=15,186 |percentage=47.02% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. N. Kumuiteung (Dr. Aku) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,136 |percentage=3.52% |change=-44.26% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=747 |percentage=2.31% |change=-3.77% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,295 |percentage=88.66% |change= 14.90% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,427 |change =16.94% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.55% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2012 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628212737/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2012.html |archive-date= 28 June 2017}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kikhonbou Newmai]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=10,977 |percentage=47.78% |change=21.48% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Awangbow Newmai]] |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=9,579 |percentage=41.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Athuan Abonmei |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,530 |percentage=6.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. P. Panmei |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=884 |percentage=3.85% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,398 |percentage=6.09% |change=4.52% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,973 |percentage=73.74% |change= -12.97% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,149 |change =6.92% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 19.91% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2007 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512162740/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2007.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Awangbow Newmai]] |party=Independent politician |votes=7,042 |percentage=27.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Z. Mangaibou |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,646 |percentage=26.31% |change=-15.26% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Helkhomang Singson |party=Independent politician |votes=4,266 |percentage=16.89% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lungsu Panmei |party=Independent politician |votes=3,636 |percentage=14.39% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Athuan Abonmei |party=Independent politician |votes=3,438 |percentage=13.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Helkhomang Singson |party=Samata Party |votes=237 |percentage=0.94% |change=-20.78% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=396 |percentage=1.57% |change=-3.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,265 |percentage=86.72% |change= -9.05% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,134 |change =16.71% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -13.69% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |title=FORM 20- FINAL RESULT SHEET OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION, 2002 |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer - Manipur |accessdate= 11 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512183325/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Archive/ResultSheets/SLAResult2002.html |archive-date= 12 May 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Z. Mangaibou |party=Indian National Congress |votes=9,893 |percentage=41.56% |change=28.53% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Athuan Abonmei |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=8,742 |percentage=36.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lungsu Panmei |party=Samata Party |votes=5,169 |percentage=21.71% |change=19.51% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,151 |percentage=4.84% |change=-20.30% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=23,804 |percentage=95.77% |change= 3.59% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,962 |change =3.67% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Manipur State Congress Party |swing= 16.34% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2000 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2000 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangaibou |party=Manipur State Congress Party |votes=9,506 |percentage=42.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Athuan Abonmei |party=Federal Party of Manipur |votes=3,926 |percentage=17.68% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. P. Panmei |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=3,665 |percentage=16.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. D. Sangpiliu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,894 |percentage=13.03% |change=-7.13% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. G. Pangim |party=Independent politician |votes=1,681 |percentage=7.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Helkhomang Singson |party=Samata Party |votes=489 |percentage=2.20% |change=-6.75% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,580 |percentage=25.13% |change=21.92% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,202 |percentage=93.05% |change= 0.87% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 24,079 |change =9.60% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur State Congress Party |loser=Independent politician |swing= 17.59% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1995 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1995 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. P. Panmei |party=Independent politician |votes=5,047 |percentage=25.22% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangaibou |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,405 |percentage=22.01% |change=1.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pauheu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,036 |percentage=20.17% |change=-15.56% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kaiphuibou |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) |votes=3,458 |percentage=17.28% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. G. Pangim |party=Samata Party |votes=1,792 |percentage=8.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dijuanang |party=Janata Dal |votes=1,273 |percentage=6.36% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=642 |percentage=3.21% |change=-10.29% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=20,011 |percentage=92.18% |change= -2.94% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 21,970 |change =-4.42% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -10.51% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. D. Dijuanang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,725 |percentage=35.73% |change=13.60% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Pauheu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,807 |percentage=22.23% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangaibou |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=4,406 |percentage=20.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Seipu |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes=4,369 |percentage=20.21% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Changanangbou |party=Janata Dal |votes=314 |percentage=1.45% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,918 |percentage=13.50% |change=-1.41% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,621 |percentage=95.12% |change= 13.98% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 22,985 |change =23.04% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= -1.31% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1984 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. D. Dijuanang |party=Independent politician |votes=5,455 |percentage=37.04% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Pouhe |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,259 |percentage=22.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chungthang |party=Kuki National Assembly |votes=2,503 |percentage=16.99% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. G. Pangim |party=Independent politician |votes=1,974 |percentage=13.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phiangrongdi Panmei |party=Independent politician |votes=946 |percentage=6.42% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. K. Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=560 |percentage=3.80% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,196 |percentage=14.91% |change=-3.58% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,729 |percentage=81.14% |change= 3.14% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 18,681 |change =21.20% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress (I) |swing= -7.63% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1980 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. D. Dijuanang |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes=5,211 |percentage=44.66% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ilunang |party=Independent politician |votes=3,054 |percentage=26.18% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Paubau |party=Janata Party |votes=2,847 |percentage=24.40% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=G. L. Gaising |party=Communist Party of India |votes=555 |percentage=4.76% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,157 |percentage=18.49% |change=5.56% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,667 |percentage=78.00% |change= 3.67% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,413 |change =40.14% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress (I) |loser=Manipur Hills Union |swing= 3.52% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pauheu |party=Manipur Hills Union |votes=3,287 |percentage=41.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dijuanang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,254 |percentage=28.22% |change=4.97% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lamkholen |party=Independent politician |votes=1,672 |percentage=20.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Tale |party=Independent politician |votes=775 |percentage=9.70% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,033 |percentage=12.93% |change=12.10% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,988 |percentage=74.33% |change= 14.68% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,998 |change =25.43% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Manipur Hills Union |loser=Independent politician |swing= 17.04% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Pauheu |party=Independent politician |votes=1,224 |percentage=24.11% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Rajanglung |party=Independent politician |votes=1,182 |percentage=23.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Id Bijuanang |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,180 |percentage=23.25% |change=17.16% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalkholen |party=Manipur Peoples Party |votes=747 |percentage=14.72% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Talf |party=Independent politician |votes=743 |percentage=14.64% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=42 |percentage=0.83% |change=-8.34% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,076 |percentage=59.65% |change= 29.78% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,768 |change =-29.48% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Independent politician |swing= -21.76% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]]: Tamei}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Kipgen |party=Independent politician |votes=1,621 |percentage=45.87% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=H. Ngailert |party=Independent politician |votes=1,297 |percentage=36.70% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=K. Amaba |party=Independent politician |votes=352 |percentage=9.96% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. Athiba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=215 |percentage=6.08% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=A. Kabui |party=Independent politician |votes=49 |percentage=1.39% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=324 |percentage=9.17% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,534 |percentage=29.86% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,433 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
*[[List of constituencies of Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Tamenglong district]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Manipur Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/81-manipur/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=14 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Manipur|state=expanded}}

{{coord|25.16|93.68|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Manipur]]
[[Category:Tamenglong district]]
[[Category:Politics of Manipur]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Manipur]]

Sarat Barkotoky

2026-04-15T12:41:07Z

Lucillecrale: starting new entry!

{{Short description|Indian politician (1935–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sarat Barkotoky
| native_name =
| image = Sarat Barkotoky in 2015 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 180
| caption = Barkotoky in 2015
| spouse = {{marriage|Bina Barkotoky|5 June 1965}}
| children = 3
| parents = Hem Chandra Barkotoky (Father) Chandra Probha Barkotoky (Mother)

| office = [[Government of Assam|Cabinet Minister, Assam]]
| term_start = 26 January 2015
| term_end = 24 May 2016
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| 2blankname = Departments
| 2namedata = {{bulleted list|Education|Pension and Public Grievances}}
| predecessor = {{ubl|[[Pradyut Bordoloi]] {{small|(Education)}}|[[Tanka Bahadur Rai]] {{small|(P&PG)}}}}
| successor = {{ubl|[[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] {{small|(Education)}}|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]] {{small|(P&PG)}}}}

| term_start1 = 17 May 2001
| term_end1 = 21 May 2006
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| 2blankname1 = Departments
| 2namedata1 = {{bulleted list|Public Works|Excise {{small|(2001–02, 2004–06)}}|Town and Country Planning {{small|(2001–02)}}}}

| office2 = Vice Chairman, Assam State Planning Board
| term_start2 = 2006
| term_end2 = 2015
| 1blankname2 = Chairman
| 1namedata2 = [[Tarun Gogoi]]

| office3 = [[Government of Assam|Minister of State, Assam]]
| term_start3 = 30 June 1991
| term_end3 = 14 May 1996
| 1blankname3 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata3 = [[Hiteswar Saikia]]
| 2blankname3 = Departments
| 2namedata3 = {{bulleted list|Public Works (Plains)|Printing and Stationery|Secondary Education}}

| office4 = [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Member, Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start4 = 11 June 1991
| term_end4 = 19 May 2016
| constituency4 = [[Sonari Assembly constituency|Sonari]]
| predecessor4 = [[Bhadreswar Buragohain]]
| successor4 = [[Topon Kumar Gogoi]]

| birth_date = {{birth date|1935|3|1|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mathurapur, [[Sonari]], [[Assam Province]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2023|10|30|1935|3|1|df=y}}
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Sarat Barkotoky''' (1 March 1935 – 30 October 2023) was an Indian politician from the state of [[Assam]]. He was a Member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] for [[Sonari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonari constituency]] and education minister in 2015-16. He was earlier also a [[Minister of State]] in the [[Hiteswar Saikia]] cabinet.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Sarat Barkotoky Ministership |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/50847/10/10_chapter%201.pdf |publisher=shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/ |accessdate=2018-11-05}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Barkotoky was born in Mathurapur, [[Sonari]] on 1 March 1935 to Chandra Barkotoky and Chandra Probha Barkotoky.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-08-01 |title=Who's Who |url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/sarat-barkotoky-2011.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801020644/http://assamassembly.gov.in/sarat-barkotoky-2011.html |archive-date=1 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He had a B.T. Examination in the year 1970 from [[Dibrugarh University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarat Borkotoky(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- SONARI(CHARAIDEO) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/assam2011/candidate.php?candidate_id=165 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> He also had a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A]].<ref name=":0" />

== Political career ==
Barkotoky was the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for the [[Sonari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|constituency of Sonari]] in the 1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election. His predecessor, [[Bhadreswar Buragohain]], did not seek reelection and became a [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Rajya Sabha MP]]. Barkotoky received 38877 votes, 57.96% of the total vote and became the new [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for [[Sonari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonari]]. He defeated his nearest opponent by 23491 votes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sonari Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/sonari-assam-assembly-constituency#1985 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> He was made a minister of state in the [[Hiteswar Saikia]] cabinet. After Saikia died, he retained his role as [[Minister of State|minister of state]] in the short [[Bhumidhar Barman|Barman]] ministry.<ref name=":1" />

Barkotoky sought reelection in the 1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He received 52052 votes, 61.8% of the total vote and defeated his nearest opponent by 31464 votes.<ref name=":2" />

Barkotoky was again a candidate in the 2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He received 59554 votes, 67.25%. He defeated his nearest opponent by 34941 votes.<ref name=":2" /> He was made minister for the Public Works Department in the [[First Tarun Gogoi Ministry|2001 Tarun Gogoi cabinet]]. As PWD minister, Barkotoky implemented a Mega project for development of road and drainage of Assam, spending 50 [[crore]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-05-02 |title=Mega project for development of road and drainage of Assam |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/mega-project-for-development-of-road-and-drainage-of-assam_40656.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], Barkotoky sought reelection. He received 56206 votes, defeating his nearest opponent by 34990 votes. When Tarun Gogoi constituted his new ministry, Barkotoky was not included.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" />

In the [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], he sought reelection in [[Sonari (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonari]]. He received 56655 votes, 53.38% of the total vote. He defeated his nearest opponent by 28904 votes.<ref name=":2" /> After a cabinet reshuffle in the [[Tarun Gogoi Ministry (2011–2016)|Tarun Gogoi ministry]], on 23 January 2015 Barkotoky was made Education minister in Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Portfolios allocated to new Assam ministers |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/portfolios-allocated-to-new-assam-ministers/articleshow/46021304.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> He spoke with the Chief Minister when he said the education was the priority in Assam.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Education is Assam Government's priority: Tarun Gogoi |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/education-is-assam-governments-priority-tarun-gogoi/articleshow/48332142.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-19}}</ref> He also requested that [[Smriti Irani]] organise state grants for universities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Education Minister seeks grants from MHRD |url=https://www.cfo-india.in/cmsarticle/assam-education-minister-seeks-grants-from-mhrd/ |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=CFO India |language=en-US |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], Barkotoky sought reelection as the Congress candidate for Sonari. He received 49210 votes, 37.47% of the total vote. He lost to [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] candidate, [[Topon Kumar Gogoi]], by 24117 votes. He was one of 10 cabinet ministers who lost in the election.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Gogoi cabinet ministers bite the dust |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/10-gogoi-cabinet-ministers-bite-the-dust/cid/1411566 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

== Personal life and death ==
Barkotoky married Bina Barkotoky on 5 June 1965 and they had 3 children; two sons and one daughter. He was interested in sports like [[Table tennis|Table Tennis]], [[Badminton]], [[Carrom]] etc. He was associated with various political and cultural organisations. He was also Vice Chairman of the State Planning Board from 2006 and Chairman of the Committee on Estimates, ALA from 2010.<ref name=":0" />

Sharat Barkatki died on 30 October, at the age of 88. He had been undergoing treatment at GMCH from 16 October.<ref>{{cite news |title=Assam: Former minister, retired teacher Sarat Barkotoky passes away |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/assam/story/assam-former-minister-retired-teacher-sarat-barkotoky-passes-away-702520-2023-10-30 |access-date=30 October 2023 |publisher=India Today NE |date=30 October 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barkotoky, Sarat}}
[[Category:1935 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1996–2001]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Assam]]
[[Category:People from Charaideo district]]

Sewapanthi

2026-04-15T03:47:19Z

Lucillecrale: starting a data

{{Short description|Traditional Sikh sect}}
{{Infobox religious group|group=Sewapanth {{Small|ਸੇਵਾਪੰਥ}}|founder=[[Bhai Kanhaiya]]|religions=[[Sikhism]]|image=Fresco depicting Bhai Kanhaiya seated on a terrace leaning against a bolster with an inscription above his head from Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.jpg|image_caption=Fresco depicting Bhai Kanhaiya seated on a terrace leaning against a bolster with an inscription above his head from Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.|regions=[[Punjab]] • [[Sindh]]|scriptures=[[Guru Granth Sahib]]}}
{{Sikhism sidebar}}

'''Sewapanthi''' ([[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]: ਸੇਵਾਪੰਥੀ; meaning "fellowship of service"<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Jagraj |title=A complete guide to Sikhism |date=2009 |publisher=Unistar Books |isbn=978-81-7142-754-3 |location=Chandigarh, India |pages=249 |oclc=319683249 |quote=Sewa Panthi Sampardai: Literally sewa panthi sampardai means fellowship of service. It was founded by Bhai Ghahnaiya, who during the siege of Anandpur toured the battlefield carrying water and serving it to the friend and foe alike. Sewa Panthis are principally Sindhi Sikhs, celibate and very few. They have established a big dera at Goniana Mandi in Bathinda district and now are mainly devoted to the cause of education in addition to preaching of Sikhism.}}</ref> or "path of service"'''<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Gandhi|first=Surjit Singh|title=History of Sikh Gurus Retold|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|year=2007|isbn=9788126908585|volume=II: 1606-1708 C.E.|pages=963–971|chapter=Sikh Religious Orders - Sewa Panthis}}</ref>'''), alternatively spelt as '''Sevapanthi''', and also known as '''Addanshahi''',<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hīrā |first=Bhagata Siṅgha |title=Bhai Kanhaiya, Beacon-light of Humanitarian Service & the Apostle of Peace |publisher=Sewa Jyoti Publications |year=1988 |pages=83–84, 94}}</ref> is a traditional [[Sects of Sikhism|Sikh sect]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dogra |first=R. C. |title=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture |publisher=Vikas Pub. House |others=Gobind Singh Mansukhani |year=1995 |isbn=0-7069-8368-8 |location=New Delhi |pages=426 |oclc=32242463}}</ref> or order (''[[Sampradaya|samparda]]'') that was started by [[Bhai Kanhaiya]], a personal follower of the ninth Sikh Guru, [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]].<ref name=":0">Kaur, Sukhdeep. "THE NIRANKARI SECT IN THE 19 TH CENTURY."</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Dilagīra |first=Harajindara Siṅgha |title=The Sikh Reference Book |publisher=Sikh Educational Trust for Sikh University Centre, Denmark |year=1997 |isbn=0-9695964-2-1 |edition=1st |location=Edmonton, Alb., Canada |pages=602 |oclc=37769917 |quote=SEWA PANTHI : - This term is used sometimes for the associates of Bhai Ghanaiya Singh, the leader of the Sikh Red-Cross . Literally : Sewa Panthi is person whose life is devoted to the services (of the Sikh nation).}}</ref> The order is focused on the welfare and [[Altruism|altruistic]] service of others.'''<ref name=":22" />''' Kanhaiya was instructed by the Guru to go out and serve humanity, which he did by establishing a [[dharmasala]] in the [[Attock district]] of [[Punjab]] and serving indiscriminately.<ref name=":3">Mahal, Ramandeep. "Bhai Kanhaiya ji: A Humanitarian Soul."</ref> Sewa Panthis are also known as 'Addan Shahis'. This name is derived from one of Bhai Kanhaiya's disciples, Addan Shah.

== History ==

=== Origin ===
[[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] had a follower known as [[Bhai Kanhaiya|Kanhaiya Lal]] (also spelt as 'Ghaniya''''<ref name=":22" />'''), a Dhamman (Dhiman) [[Khatri]] who was born in 1648, in a town called Sohadara, now in [[Pakistan]]. Kanhaiya was of a religious-inclination since a young age and met the Sikh guru multiple times at Anandpur when he was ten-years-old and sixteen-years-old. Being very inspired by the guru's mission, Kanhaiya decided to dedicate himself to his service, even neglecting getting married because he thought it would take away time that could instead be spent on serving the guru. He served in the ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]]'' and became a drawer of water to the Guru's horses. The Guru gave Kanhaiya a ''[[Seli-topi|seli topi]]'' as a reward.<ref name=":0" /> Kanhaiya accompanied Guru Tegh Bahadur when he was touring the [[East India|eastern regions]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. Kanhaiya, who is noted for being humble, wore simple clothes that he made himself.'''<ref name=":22" />''' Bhai Kanhaiya was the founder of the Sewapanth order.'''<ref name=":22" />'''[[File:Fresco depicting Bhai Khanaiya meeting Guru Gobind Singh from Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.jpg|thumb|Fresco depicting Bhai Khanaiya meeting Guru Gobind Singh from Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh]]Once the 10th Guru, [[Guru Gobind Singh]], had ascended to the ''[[Guru Gaddi|gurgaddi]],'' Bhai Kanhaiya began to follow him. Allegedly, Guru exempted Kanhaiya and his followers from military duty and told him to carry on performing the duty allotted to him by his reverend, Guru Tegh Bahadur, of serving all living beings.<ref name=":3" />

In the [[Battle of Anandpur (1700)|Battle of Anandpur (1703)]], Bhai Kanhaiya served water indiscriminately to wounded soldiers in the battlefield, including the opposition, consisting of enemy [[Hill States of India|Pahari]] forces, Mughal forces of the Sirhind Sarkar, and Gujjars and Pathan irregulars.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" />'''<ref name=":22" />''' For this act, angry Sikh warriors accused him of treason brought him before the Guru. When he asked him why he was helping the wounded enemy, Kanhaiya replied that he could not distinguish between friend or foe, as he only saw [[Waheguru]] in all.<ref name=":3" />'''<ref name=":22" />''' The Guru was very pleased, and not only did he order Kanhaiya to continue, but also gave him a medicine chest as a gift. He then blessed him, saying after him shall be a Sikh order.<ref name=":2">Taak, Sangeeta, Sugandha Sawhney, and Madeeha Majid. "Sikhism and the International Humanitarian Law." ''-19 ISIL YB Int'l Human. & Refugee L.'' 18 (2018): 1.</ref> He was also gifted a bed and handkerchief by the guru. After this, Kanhaiya collected a band of service-minded Sikhs.'''<ref name=":22" />'''

During the evacuation of Anandpur in 1705, Kanhaiya became lost from the guru while the flooded Sirsa river was being crossed. Kanhaiya began wandering in the [[Malwa (Punjab)|Malwa]] region, coming upon a Bairagi sadhu near [[Jagraon]] told him where Guru Gobind Singh had gone.'''<ref name=":22" />'''

=== Later Mughal and Afghan era ===
After the [[Indian campaign of Ahmad Shah Durrani|invasion]] of [[Ahmad Shah Durrani|Ahmad Shah Abdali]] in 1757, the Sewapanthis were able to spread out more and become popular, founding their [[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamshalas]] across India. Some prominent Sewapanthi figures of this era include Aya Ram, Bhai Ranga, Daya Ram, Bhai Dayal, Bhai Soma, and Paras Ram. Paras Ram was a cripple (known as a ''pingla'') and founded a Sewapanthi institution in Jangi Shiva Bazaar in Amritsar. The Sewapanthis continued to service the Sri Darbar Sahib in Amrisar even during the anti-Sikh persecutions under the tenure of the governor [[Zakariya Khan Bahadur|Zakariya Khan]] by lighting its internal lamp.'''<ref name=":22" />''' The ''[[Langar (Sikhism)|langar]]'' hall at the [[Golden Temple]]'s construction was supervised by Sewapanthi saints.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Nirankari |first=Maan Singh |title=Sikhism, a Perspective |publisher=Unistar Books |others=Edited by Neelam Man Singh Chowdhry |year=2008 |isbn=978-81-7142-621-8 |location=Chandigarh |pages=154 |oclc=289070938 |quote=The Addanshahi Sehajdhari Sikhs earn their livelihood by performing religious duties. The ink used by the ancient writers was prepared by members of the Addanshahi sect and was known as Roshanai or "Addan Shahi" ink. This sect contributed a lot in the propagation of Sikh religion by founding many religious centers. As a result many people came under the Sehajdhari Sikh fold. Some of the descendents from this sect were Sant Baba Sham Singh of Amritsar, Baba Jhanda Singh and Baba Kharag Singh of Bir Sahib who undertook the construction Sri Guru Ram Das community kitchen at Darbar Sahib.}}</ref>

=== Modern-era ===
Jawahar Singh of Mitha Tiwana was a Sewapanthi who was active from 1900–1950, being succeeded by Nischal Singh, who remains active in [[Jagadhri]], [[Haryana]].'''<ref name=":22" />''' A prominent Sewapanthi scholar in the 20th century was Sant Pandit Nischal Singh, who died in 1978.<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Nirankari |first=Maan Singh |title=Sikhism: A Perspective |year=2008 |isbn=9788171426218 |pages=157}}</ref> Traditionally Sehajdhari Sikhs, nowadays many Sewapanthis are becoming Khalsa Sikhs.<ref name=":16" /> The Sewapanthis are extremely small in number and barely exist today.

== Philosophy and practices ==
[[File:Photograph of Sant Shaam Singh Sewapanthi (celebrated Sikh saranda player), ca.1920.jpg|thumb|A photo of the famous ''[[Ragi (Sikhism)|hazuri ragi]],'' Baba Sham Singh Sewapanthi]]The main focus of the sect is on the selfless service to others, hence their name.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=R. N. |title=Historical Development of Sikhism: Religion to Politics |publisher=Commonwealth |year=2003 |isbn=9788171697038 |series=Encyclopaedia of Sikh Heritage |pages=81–82}}</ref> They believe that selfless service to others, based upon mutual respect and love, is a way of salvation and enlightenment by overcoming one's own inherent selfishness.'''<ref name=":22" />''' Traditionally, Sewapanthis do not live the life of a ''[[Kirat Karo|grishti]]'' (householder), but remain [[Celibacy|celibate]].<ref name=":1">Sidhu, Sumail Singh. "Contesting Vision of Sikh Identity In Punjab: 1800-1930." ''Unpublished Ph. D Thesis,(New Delhi: Jawaharlal Nehru University, 2007)'': 172.</ref><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":14" /> They dedicate their whole lives for ''sewa,'' or selfless service for the [[panth]].<ref name=":14" /> They typically do not engage in begging or relying on alms/offerings for their survival. Instead, they tend to construct good and sell them to support themselves, as taught by Aya Ram to his disciple Dharam Das.'''<ref name=":22" />'''

The Sewa Panthis are [[Pacifism|pacifists]].<ref name=":1" /> Though they do not say it is wrong for a person to defend themselves, Sewapanthis themselves desist from all forms of violence.<ref name=":1" /> They refuse to harm other forms of life in an aspiration to become the epitome of [[Shanta Rasa|shaant ras]], and to remain in [[Sattva|sattva guna]].<ref name=":1" /> Despite this, they do not entirely detach themselves from the martial spirit expounded upon by Guru Gobind Singh. They support, in principle, the necessary violent actions required of the Khalsa for the protection of Dharma. As such, many Sewapanthis foregoe the ''[[Amrit Sanskar|pahul]]'', or initiation into the martial [[Khalsa]] order. Many Sewapanthis were [[Sahajdhari]] in their observance and therefore did not keep ''[[Kesh (Sikhism)|kesh]]'' (unshorn hair).<ref name=":4" /> This allowed them to escape a lot of the persecution that more identifiable Sikhs faced.<ref name=":4" /> Whilst Sewapanthi saints are said to have an aversion towards womankind, they are known to assist women in distress.<ref name=":14" />

The Sewapanthi Sikhs usually wear pure white clothes, and keep ''kesh'' (unshorn hair), the Sewapanthi figures Sewa Ram and Addan Shah never cut their hair. They have often had their ''deras'' and ''[[Dharamshala (type of building)|dharamsalas]]'' located in places like [[Punjab, Pakistan]], and other with Muslim majority populations.<ref name=":1" />'''<ref name=":22" />''' Many of the followers of the sect were ethnic [[Sindhis|Sindhi]] Sikhs.<ref name=":5" />

== Literature ==
This sect was responsible for preparing the ink used to write manuscripts of [[Sikh scriptures]] back in the time when such scriptures were written out by hand manually before the introduction of mass-printing. The ink prepared by the sect was known as "Roshanai" or "Addanshahi" ink.<ref name=":7" />[[File:Sikh manuscript 13.png|thumb|Gurmukhi translation of [[Al-Ghazali|Imam al-Ghazali's]] [[The Alchemy of Happiness|''Alchemy of Happiness'']], known as the "Paras Bhag". It was translated by Sewapanthi sadhus under the patronage of Guru Gobind Singh's Anandpur Durbar.]]Whilst mainstream Sikhs refer to their traditional stories as ''[[Sakhi]]s'', the Sewapanthis referred to their tradition of stories as ''Parchai'', which are life stories related to the Sewapanthi ''[[mahatma]]s.''<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbhajan |title=Medieval Indian Literature: Surveys and selections |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |others=Ayyappappanikkar, Sahitya Akademi |year=1997 |isbn=81-260-0365-0 |series=Volume 1 of Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology, Sahitya Akademi |volume=1 |location=New Delhi |pages=451 |oclc=40418059 |quote=Parchai, another form of life-stories, was also popular in India. A flourishing tradition of parchai about the lives of such bhaktas as Trilochan, Dhanna, Raidas, Kabir, Namdeva and Pipa came into being in the Braj-Sadhukari linguistic style. It seems that the vartakars move their vartas around saguna bhaktas, while the parchais did so around the nirguna sants. In the Punjab many a writer adopted the parchai style and wrote what are called parchis in Punjabi. These parchis, in Punjabi, were written in the Braj-Sadhukari language in the verse form (Suhajram: Parchian Sewaram) as well as in Punjabi prose (Sewadas Udasi: Parchian Guru Gobind Singh). Just as sakhis relate to the lives of gurus and their Sikhs, so the parchis pertain to the lives of Sewapanthi mahatmas. Sewapanth is a branch of the Sikh Panth itself. Sewapanthis were Sahajdhari Sikhs, i.e. those who believe in the tenets of the gurus, but do not keep the external form, especially the unshorn hair. Because they could not be easily distinguished from the non-Sikhs in their external form, they came to be spared of the tyrannies of the Mughal rulers which the Sikhs with their easily identifiable external form had to undergo. The use of parchi nomenclature in contradistinction to sakhi and janamsakhi seems to be linked to the relatively distinctive identity of the Sewapanthis. In spite of the fact that they also have a narrative form, and a spiritual context, like the other genera, yet they reflect the distinctive Sewapanthi of Addanshahi tradition. In medieval times, the preservation of a distinctive identity was, perhaps, a compulsion for the various traditions. Was it, in some way, linked with the instinct for social survival? The parchis were also, perhaps, their more pervasive strategies aimed at survival through critical times.|first2=K. Ayyappa Paniker|last2=Ayyappappanikkar}}</ref> According to Harbhajan Singh, the Sewapanthis were able to continue writing Sikh literature despite Mughal oppression of the Sikhs during the 18th century due to the fact they were ''[[Sahajdhari|sehajharis]]'' who did not have an external Khalsa Sikh appearance.<ref name=":4" /> Due to their Sindhi connection, engagements with [[Sufism|Sufi]] texts and Islamic literature has been common among the Sewapanthis historically.<ref name=":1" />

== Places of worship ==
A Sewapanthi temple is known as a ''tikana'' (a term also used for [[Nanakpanthi]] temples).<ref name=":14" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Falzon |first=Mark-Anthony |title=Cosmopolitan Connections: The Sindhi Diaspora, 1860-2000 |publisher=Brill |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-14008-0 |series=International Comparative Social Studies |volume=9 |location=Leiden |pages=73–74}}</ref> They are highly prevalent in Sindh,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramey |first=Steven W. |title=Hindu, Sufi, or Sikh: Contested Practices and Identifications of Sindhi Hindus in India and Beyond |publisher=Springer |year=2008 |isbn=9780230616226 |edition=1st |pages=180–81}}</ref> where religious syncretism between Hinduism and Sikhism can be observed and clear-cut religious boundaries become blurry and ill-defined.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malhi |first=Gobind |title=Sadhu Hiranand: The Man and His Mission |publisher=National Book Trust, India |year=1998 |series=National Biography |pages=5}}</ref><ref name=":15">{{Cite book |last=Falzon |first=M. A. |title=Selling Anything Anywhere: Sindhis and Global Trade |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |year=2022 |isbn=9789354925788 |chapter=Glossary |quote=tikana: a mandir which usually includes both the Sikh Guru Granth Sahib and images of Hindu deities.}}</ref> At a ''tikana'' is usually a copy of the primary Sikh scripture, [[Guru Granth Sahib]], alongside images of [[Hindu deities|Indic deities]].<ref name=":15" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Armentrout |first1=Donald S. |title=Religion in the Contemporary South: Changes, Continuities, and Contexts |last2=Norman |first2=Corrie E. |publisher=Univ. of Tennessee Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-57233-361-1 |location=Knoxville, Tennessee |pages=220 }}</ref> When a new leader is appointed as head of a ''tikana'' (centres for the sect), they are bestowed a broom and bowl.<ref name=":14" /> The broom embodies cleanliness whilst the bowl epitomises serving others.<ref name=":14" />

== Udasi connection ==
{{Further|Udasi}}
There are strong historical links between these two sampardas.<ref name=":1" /> Bhai Khanaiya was an Udasi. Bhai Addan Shah was initially an [[Udasi]] and a student of Baba Gurdas Dakhani. This close bond has remained to this day.

== Leaders ==

=== Early leaders ===
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Name
{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
!Portrait
!Term
!Reference(s)
|-
|1.
|[[Bhai Kanhaiya]] {{Small|(1648 – 1718)}}
|[[File:Fresco depicting Bhai Kanhaiya seated on a terrace leaning against a bolster from Sri Khat Wari Darbar, Shikarpur, Sindh.jpg|150x150px]]
|1705 – 1718
|<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Knut A. |title=South Asians in the Diaspora: Histories and Religious Traditions |last2=Kumar |first2=Pratap |publisher=BRILL |year=2018 |isbn=9789047401407 |pages=342}}</ref>
|-
|2.
|Sewa Ram {{Small|(1658 – 1728)}}
|[[File:Depiction of Bhai Sewa Ram, the second leader of the Sewapanthi sect of Sikhism.jpeg|190x190px]]
|1718 – 1728
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |date=1992–1998 |publisher=Punjabi University |isbn=0-8364-2883-8 |volume=3, M-R |location=Patiala |pages=299 |oclc=29703420 |quote=PARCHl BHAl SEVA RAM is a biographical sketch, in Punjabi verse, of Bhai Seva Ram who led the Sevapanthi sect after the death of its founder Bhai Kanhaiya, a disciple of Guru Gobind Singh}}</ref><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":13">{{Cite book |title=Studies in Sikhism and Comparative Religion |publisher=Guru Nanak Foundation |year=2000 |volume=19 |pages=44 |quote=His successors who continued the succession of Bhai Kanhaiya tradition of serving others and who committed their lives to service of the sick and wounded lived to be 70 (Sewa Ram, 1728 ), 158 (Bhalla Ram, 1879 ) , 71 (Jagta, 1811), 70 (Hazuri, 1826), 76 (Sahai Ram, 1844), 85 (Ralaya Raam, 1870), 73 (Lakshmi Dass, 1908), 79 (Gulab Singh, 1950), 81 (Asa Singh, 1974).}}</ref>
|-
|3.
|Addan Shah {{Small|(1688 – 26 April 1757)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|1728 – 1757
|<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kohli |first=Surindar Singh |title=History of Punjabi Literature |date=1993 |publisher=National Book Shop |isbn=81-7116-141-3 |location=Delhi |pages=100 |oclc=29595565 |quote=After Bhai Mani Singh, the next important prose-writer of this period is Addan Shah. Sant Addan Shah, one of the leaders of Sewapanthi Sikhs, was a good scholar of both Hinduism and Islam. His name is associated with "Paras Bhag", which is not an original work. It is the Punjabi version of Imam Ghazali's work ...}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Hīrā |first=Bhagata Siṅgha |title=The Great Sikh Saints |publisher=National Book Shop |year=1992 |isbn=9788171161515 |pages=150–170, 235}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harbans |title=The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism |publisher=Punjabi University |year=1995 |isbn=978-81-7380-100-6 |edition=2nd |volume=1: A–D |location=Patiala |pages=7}}</ref>
|-
|4.
|Bhalla Ram {{Small|(1778 – 1854)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|5.
|Jagata{{Efn|His name is alternatively spelt as Jagta.|group=note}} {{Small|(1798 – 1868)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Hīrā |first=Bhagata Siṅgha |title=Bhai Jagta Sahib: A Biographic Sketch |publisher=Sewa Jyoti Publications, Tikana Bhai Jagta Sahib |year=1986 |pages=108–109}}</ref><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|}

=== Later leaders ===

==== Tikana Bhai Jagta ====
{| class="wikitable"
!No.
!Name
{{Small|(Birth–Death)}}
!Portrait
!Term
!Reference(s)
|-
! colspan="5" |''[[Mahant|Mahants]]'' succeeding Jagata{{Efn|As head leader of the 'Sewa Panthi Addan Shahi Sabha'.|group=note}}
|-
|6.
|Hazari Ram {{Small|(1813 – 1883)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Chaman |url=http://www.panjabdigilib.org/webuser/searches/displayPage.jsp?ID=40573&page=1&CategoryID=12&Searched=W3GX&sbtsro=1&viewall=1 |title=Seva Panthi Tikana Bhai Jagta Ji Sahib Goniana Mandi (Bhatinda) |publisher=Giani Balvant Singh Ji Kotha Guru |language=pa |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name=":13" />
|-
|7.
|Sahai Ram {{Small|(1825 – 1901)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|8.
|Ralya Ram {{Small|(1842 – 1927)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|9.
|Lakhmi Das {{Small|(1928 – 1965)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|10.
|Gulab Singh {{Small|(1881 – 1950)}}
|[[File:Mahant Bhai Gulab Singh Ji.jpg|224x224px]]
|
|<ref name=":11" />
|-
|11.
|Asa Singh {{Small|(9 December 1893 – 1 January 1974)}}
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" />
|-
|12.
|Tirath Singh {{Small|(12 February 1925 – ?)}}
|[[File:Mahant Tirath Singh Sewapanthi, one of the more recent leaders of the Sewapanthi Samparda.png|180x180px]]
|14 January 1974 – ?
|<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":12" />
|-
|13.
|Kahan Singh
|[[File:Sin foto.svg|200x200px]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 February 2012 |title=Free eye check-up camp organised |work=The Tribune |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120213/bathinda.htm}}</ref>
|}

==== Others ====

* Mahant Karamjeet Singh Yamunangar<ref>{{cite news |date=21 December 2022 |title=Mahant Karamjit Singh elected as president of Haryana gurdwara management body's 'ad hoc committee' |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/mahant-karamjit-singh-elected-president-of-haryana-hsgmcs-ad-hoc-committee-8336986/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Jaskaran |date=21 December 2022 |title=Mahant Karamjit Singh of Sewapanthi sect appointed new president of ad-hoc HSGMC, Daduwal walks out in protest |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/mahant-karamjit-singh-of-sewapanthi-sect-appointed-new-president-of-ad-hoc-hsgmc-daduwal-walks-out-in-protest/articleshow/96402349.cms}}</ref>

== Prominent saints ==
* Baba Sham Singh<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Trilochan |title=Ernest Trumpp and W.H. McLeod as Scholars of Sikh History Religion and Culture |publisher=International Centre of Sikh Studies |year=1994 |pages=194 |quote=Baba Sham Singh and the eminent theologian Sant Amir Singh were Sewa Panthi Saints and great scholars.}}</ref><ref name=":7" />
* Sant Amir Singh<ref name=":6" />
* Baba Jhanda Singh<ref name=":7" />
* Baba Kharag Singh of Bir Sahib<ref name=":7" />

== See also ==

* [[Sevā]]
* [[Nanua Bairagi]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}

== References ==
<references />
{{Sikhism}}

[[Category:Religion in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Religion in Punjab, Pakistan]]
[[Category:Sikhism in India]]
[[Category:Sikh scripture]]
[[Category:Sikhism in Pakistan]]

Lalremsiami Hmarzote

2026-04-13T03:27:23Z

Lucillecrale: Adding a entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian field hockey player (born 2000)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox field hockey player
| name = Lalremsiami
| image = Women's Hockey5s Medallist Ceremony YOG18 14-10-2018 (041) (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 150px
| caption = Hmar Zote at the [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
| birth_name = Lalremsiami Hmarzote
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|3|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kolasib]], [[Mizoram]], India
| height = 1.57 m
| weight = 52 kg
| position = [[Field hockey#Positions|Forward]] [[Field hockey#Positions|Halfback]]
| years1 =
| clubs1 = Hockey Mizoram
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 =
| clubs2 = [[Sports Authority of India]]
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = [[Railways Sports Promotion Board|Railways]]
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2025–
| clubs4 = [[Rarh Bengal Tigers]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| nationalyears1 = –2022
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2017–
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national field hockey team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 182
| nationalgoals2 = 45
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport|Women's [[field hockey]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games|2018 Jakarta]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalComp|[[Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Women's tournament|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Gifu]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2025 Hangzhou]]|}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|2022 Muscat]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asian Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2023 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2023 Ranchi]]|}}
{{MedalGold|[[2024 Women's Asian Champions Trophy|2024 Rajgir]]|}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Asian Women's Hockey Champions Trophy|2018 Donghae]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|FIH Nations Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup|2022 Spain]]|}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Youth Olympic Games|Youth Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|2018 Buenos Aires]]|[[Field hockey at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Girls' tournament|Team]]}}
}}

'''Lalremsiami Hmar Zote''' (born 30 March 2000) is an Indian [[field hockey]] player who plays as a [[Field hockey#Positions|forward]] and occasionally as a [[Field hockey#Positions|halfback]] for the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian national team]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Tokyo Olympics 2020: How Mizoram's Lalremsiami Hmarzote Made it to Indian Hockey Team |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/tokyo-olympics-2020-how-mizorams-lalremsiami-hmarzote-made-it-to-indian-hockey-team-4039544.html |website=News18 |access-date=26 May 2022 |language=en |date=3 August 2021}}</ref><ref name="HT1">{{cite news |last1=Sikdar |first1=Sandip |title=Against South Korea, India banking on Olympics trio |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/against-south-korea-india-banking-on-olympics-trio-101649345659080.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=7 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> At the club level, she plays for [[Sports Authority of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey India names 33 players for junior women's national camp |url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2017-10-27/Hockey-India-names-33-players-for-junior-womens-national-camp/335728 |accessdate=16 July 2018 |work=The Hans India |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716114350/http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2017-10-27/Hockey-India-names-33-players-for-junior-womens-national-camp/335728 |archivedate=16 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Lalremsiami was a part of the 18-member squad that represented India at the [[2018 Women's Hockey World Cup|2018 World Cup]]. At the [[2018 Asian Games|Asian Games]] that followed, she became the first sportsperson from Mizoram to win an Asian medal after she won silver.

==Early life==
Lalremsiami was born into a family of agriculturists in [[Kolasib]], a town approximately {{convert|80|km|mi}} from [[Aizawl]], [[Mizoram]].<ref name="The Times of India">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/mizo-girl-siami-lets-her-hockey-stick-do-all-the-talking/articleshow/63449465.cms|title=Mizo girl Siami lets her hockey stick do all the talking|work=The Times of India|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> Her father, Lalthansanga Zote (d. 2019),<ref name="toi1">{{cite web |last1=Seal |first1=Arnab Lall |title=Olympic hockey debutants Lalremsiami and Salima trained through pandemic and personal setbacks |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/olympic-hockey-debutants-lalremsiami-and-salima-trained-through-pandemic-and-personal-setbacks/articleshow/84517490.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=26 May 2022 |language=en |date=18 July 2021}}</ref> served in the Indian army and later worked as a farmer and her mother, Lalzarmawii, a homemaker. Lalremsiami was selected to a hockey academy run by the [[government of Mizoram]] in [[Thenzawl]], [[Serchhip district|Serchhip]] when she was 11.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zothansanga |first1=John |title=Asian Games 2018: The making of Lalremsiami, Indian hockey's brightest prospect |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-the-making-of-indias-brightest-hockey-prospect-lalremsiami-5314670/ |website=The Indian Express |accessdate=3 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903112441/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-the-making-of-indias-brightest-hockey-prospect-lalremsiami-5314670/ |archivedate=3 September 2018 |date=19 August 2018}}</ref> In 2016, she joined the National Hockey Academy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inkhel.com/post/india-hockey-team-ah-mizo-nula-lalremsiami|title=India hockey team-ah Mizo nula Lalremsiami|website=Inkhel.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728095811/https://www.inkhel.com/post/india-hockey-team-ah-mizo-nula-lalremsiami |archivedate=28 July 2018|access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/23572238/how-lalremsiami-fought-language-barriers-become-india-rising-star|title='As long as they're talking about hockey I can catch up'|work=ESPN|access-date=28 July 2018|language=en}}</ref> Struggling with [[Hindi language|Hindi]] during this time, she picked up the language with the help of teammates who call her 'Siami', a shortened nickname of her full name.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mykhel.com/hockey/cwg-2018-hockey-helps-mizo-girl-lalremsiami-learn-hindi-084534.html|title=CWG 2018: Hockey helps Mizo girl Lalremsiami learn hindi|date=22 March 2018|website=mykhel.com|access-date=28 July 2018|language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
=== 2016–2020: Youth level and early international career ===
Lalremsiami Hmar Zote was included in the under-18 India side that played at the Asia Cup in 2016, before being drafted to the senior camp the following year by [[Baljit Singh Saini]], then coach of the junior team.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Veerappa |first1=Manuja |title=Mizo girl Siami lets her hockey stick do all the talking |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/mizo-girl-siami-lets-her-hockey-stick-do-all-the-talking/articleshow/63449465.cms |website=The Times of India |accessdate=16 July 2018 |date=25 March 2018}}</ref> She represented the U-18 side at Asian Youth Olympic Games qualifier, that her side finished second in. Lalremsiami finished the tournament scoring seven goals in five games.<ref name="espn1">{{cite news |last1=Ninan |first1=Susan |title='As long as they're talking about hockey I can catch up' |url=http://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/23572238 |accessdate=16 July 2018 |work=ESPN |date=22 May 2018}}</ref> Lalremsiami was first included in the senior team for its tour of Europe in September 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Europe tour: Rani to lead Indian women's hockey team |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/europe-tour-rani-to-lead-indian-womens-hockey-team/articleshow/60190090.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |agency=PTI |date=23 August 2017 |language=en}}</ref> She was again included in the squad for India's victorious [[2017 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] campaign that year,<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey India names 18-member Indian Women's Hockey Team for the 18th Asian Games |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/hockey-india-names-18-member-indian-womens-hockey-team-18th-asian-games-1502658203.html |accessdate=16 July 2018 |work=The Statesman |date=7 July 2018}}</ref> the win coming after 13 years.<ref>{{cite news |title=India women beat China to win Asia Cup 2017 |url=https://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/21296579 |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=ESPN |date=5 November 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Her first goal came against [[Singapore women's national field hockey team|Singapore]] in a 10–0 win in a group-stage fixture.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian women's hockey team score sensational 10-0 win over Singapore in Asia Cup |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/indian-womens-hockey-team-score-sensational-10-0-win-over-singapore-4910882 |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The Indian Express |agency=PTI |date=28 October 2017 |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2018 Asian Women's Hockey Champions Trophy|2018 Asian Champions Trophy]], Lalremsiami played for a total of 31 minutes on the field across five matches scoring two goals, including an equalizer in a crucial final round-robin match, and was named the tournament's 'U-21 rising star award'. India won silver in the campaign.<ref name="espn1"/>

Lalremsiami was included in the squad for the [[2018 Women's Hockey World Cup|2018 World Cup]] as India's youngest player at 18.<ref name="The Times of India"/> After strong performances in the league games, she scored her first and only goal of the tournament in the crossover match against [[Italy women's national field hockey team|Italy]]. Receiving an assist at the far post sent in off a long corner by [[Reena Khokhar]], Lalremsiami scored off the reverse stick on seeing goalkeeper Martina Chirico advance, giving her side an early 1–0 lead.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Debayan |title=Lalremsiami takes big steps as India march on |url=http://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/24249559 |accessdate=2 August 2018 |work=ESPN |date=1 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> India advanced to the quarter-final after a 3–0 win.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey WC: Lalremsiami, Vandana help India enter last eight |url=http://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/24156888 |accessdate=2 August 2018 |work=ESPN |date=31 July 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Facing [[Ireland women's national field hockey team|Ireland]] in the quarter-final, her side lost in the [[Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)|penalty shoot-out]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey Women's World Cup: Ireland beat India in shootout to reach semi-finals |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/hockey/45048951 |accessdate=3 August 2018 |work=BBC Sport |date=2 August 2018}}</ref> and finished in the eighth place.<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's Hockey World Cup: Indian Women Lose To Ireland In Quarter-Finals Via Shoot Off |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/hockey/womens-hockey-world-cup-indian-women-lose-to-ireland-via-shoot-off-1894360 |accessdate=3 September 2018 |work=NDTV |agency=Press Trust Of India |date=3 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

Lalremsiami scored four goals at the [[2018 Asian Games|Jakarta Asian Games]] that followed the World Cup. The first goal came in the 24th minute of the group stage game against [[Indonesia women's national field hockey team|Indonesia]] that her team went on to win 8–0.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asian Games 2018: Indian women's hockey team thrash Indonesia 8-0 in opener |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/asian-games-2018-indian-womens-hockey-team-thrash-indonesia-8-0-in-opener-5314661/ |accessdate=3 September 2018 |work=The Indian Express |agency=Press Trust of India |date=19 August 2018}}</ref> She scored a hat-trick in a 21–0 victory over [[Kazakhstan women's national field hockey team|Kazakhstan]] in the next game; the win margin was India's second best at the Games.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganesan |first1=Uthra |title=Asiad hockey: Indian women's team mauls Kazakhstan 21-0 |url=https://www.sportstarlive.com/asian-games-2018/asian-games-2018-hockey-results-highlights-india-vs-kazakhstan-indian-womens-hockey-team-mauls-kazakhstan-21-0/article24746751.ece |accessdate=3 September 2018 |work=Sportstarlive |date=21 August 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903114435/https://www.sportstarlive.com/asian-games-2018/asian-games-2018-hockey-results-highlights-india-vs-kazakhstan-indian-womens-hockey-team-mauls-kazakhstan-21-0/article24746751.ece |archivedate=3 September 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Following good performances, her team lost to [[Japan women's national field hockey team|Japan]] by a 1–2 margin in the final, settling for the silver medal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ganesan |first1=Uthra |title=Asian Games: India women claim silver in hockey after 1-2 loss to Japan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/asian-games-india-women-claim-silver-in-hockey-after-1-2-loss-to-japan/article24834347.ece |accessdate=3 September 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=31 August 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> In the process, Lalremsiami became the first sportsperson from Mizoram to win an Asian Games medal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lalremsiami first Mizo sportsperson to win an Asiad medal |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/lalremsiami-first-mizo-sportsperson-win-asiad-medal.html |website=Northeast Now |accessdate=3 September 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903111927/https://nenow.in/north-east-news/lalremsiami-first-mizo-sportsperson-win-asiad-medal.html |archivedate=3 September 2018 |date=2 September 2018}}</ref> In the five-a-side event at the [[2018 Summer Youth Olympics|Buenos Aires Youth Olympics]] that year, she helped India secure a silver medal, their first in the history of the Games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maiden Youth Olympic silver medals for Indian hockey teams |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/maiden-youth-olympic-silver-medals-for-indian-hockey-teams/668560.html |accessdate=5 February 2019 |work=The Tribune |agency=Press Trust of India |date=15 October 2018 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072240/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/sport/maiden-youth-olympic-silver-medals-for-indian-hockey-teams/668560.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lalremsiami scored nine goals in the competition, that included braces against [[Austria women's national field hockey team|Austria]],<ref>{{cite news |title=India women beat Austria 4-2 in Youth Olympics hockey |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/india-women-beat-austria-4-2-in-youth-olympics-hockey/articleshow/66116113.cms |accessdate=5 February 2019 |agency=Press Trust of India |work=The Times of India |date=8 October 2018}}</ref> [[Uruguay women's national field hockey team|Uruguay]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Youth Olympics hockey 5s: Lalremsiami scores a brace as India beat Uruguay 2-1 |url=https://scroll.in/field/897502/youth-olympics-hockey-5s-lalremsiami-scores-a-brace-as-india-beat-uruguay-2-1 |accessdate=5 February 2019 |agency=Press Trust of India |publisher=Scroll.in |date=8 October 2018}}</ref> and Vanuatu.<ref>{{cite news |title=Youth Olympics: Indian women's hockey team thrash Vanuatu 16-0 |url=https://www.rediff.com/sports/report/youth-olympics-indian-womens-hockey-team-thrash-vanuatu-16-0/20181010.htm |accessdate=5 February 2019 |agency=Press Trust of India |work=Rediff.com}}</ref>

Lalremsiami scored a brace against [[Spain women's national field hockey team|Spain]] in her team's 5–2 win against them on their tour of the country in January 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hockey: Lalremsiami brace helps India defeat Spain 5-2 |url=https://scroll.in/field/911294/hockey-lalremsiami-brace-helps-india-defeat-spain-5-2 |accessdate=6 February 2019 |work=Scroll.in |date=29 January 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190206142945/https://scroll.in/field/911294/hockey-lalremsiami-brace-helps-india-defeat-spain-5-2 |archivedate=6 February 2019}}</ref> A win against Chile in the semi-final of the [[2018–19 Women's FIH Series Finals|2018–19 FIH Series Finals]] meant India secured advanced to the final of the [[2020 Tokyo Olympics]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Olympic qualifiers: Women's hockey team in final round |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/other-sports/olympic-qualifiers-womens-hockey-team-in-final-round-742135.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=22 June 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Her performances in 2019 fetched her the [[FIH Player of the Year Awards|FIH Rising Star of the Year]] award.<ref>{{cite news |title=Lalremsiami bags FIH Rising Star of the Year honour |url=https://olympics.com/en/news/lalremsiami-indian-hockey-fih-rising-star-2020 |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Olympics.com |date=24 February 2021}}</ref>

=== 2021–present: Tokyo Olympics ===
Lalremsiami toured Argentina and Germany with the Indian squad in preparation for the Olympic Games in early 2021.<ref name="toi1"/> In June that year, she was named in the Olympics squad, becoming the first female sportsperson from Mizoram to represent India at the Games.<ref>{{cite news |title=Selection in Olympic team was my late father's dream: Lalremsiami |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/selection-in-olympic-team-was-my-late-fathers-dream-lalremsiami/articleshow/83685836.cms |access-date=8 August 2021 |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=20 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Her team was placed fourth, their best ever finish at the Games, and was ranked eighth in the [[FIH World Rankings]], their highest ever.<ref>{{cite news |title=Indian Hockey Teams achieve best-ever FIH World Rankings; Men's Team rise to 3rd and Women's Team to 8th |url=https://www.hockeyindia.org/news/indian-hockey-teams-achieve-best-ever-fih-world-rankings-mens-team-rise-to-3rd-and-womens-team-to-8th |access-date=8 August 2021 |work=Hockey India |date=7 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She was subsequently appointed the chief coach, a group A post, under the Mizoram sports and youth services department. A cash reward of {{INR}}25 [[lakh]] and a housing plot were allotted to her by the government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mizoram Government appoints Olympic-returned Lalremsiami as hockey chief coach |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/mizoram-government-appoints-olympic-returned-lalremsiami-as-hockey-chief-coach/articleshow/85483434.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |agency=PTI |date=20 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2021, Lalremsiami was named captain of the [[India women's national under-21 field hockey team|India national under-21 team]] for the [[2022 Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup|2022 Junior World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Tokyo Olympian Lalremsiami to lead India in women's junior World Cup |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/tokyo-olympian-lalremsiami-to-lead-india-in-women-s-junior-world-cup-101636975188627.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |agency=PTI |date=15 November 2021 |language=en}}</ref> A few months later, ahead of the tournament, [[Salima Tete]] was named captain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Salima Tete to lead India in FIH Women's Junior World Cup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/salima-tete-to-lead-india-in-fih-womens-junior-world-cup/articleshow/90288543.cms |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The Times of India |agency=PTI |date=17 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> India finished fourth.<ref>{{cite news |title=England beat India to win first Jr. World Cup bronze |url=https://www.espn.in/field-hockey/story/_/id/33721932 |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=ESPN |date=12 April 2022 |language=en}}</ref> In the [[2022 Women's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]] that year, India won bronze; Lalremsiami scored twice: in a 9–0 win over [[Malaysia women's national field hockey team|Malaysia]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Women's Asia Cup: Defending champions India dominate Malaysia in 9-0 thrashing |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2022/jan/22/womens-asia-cup-defending-champions-india-dominate-malaysia-in-9-0-thrashing-2410003.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=The New Indian Express |date=22 January 2022}}</ref> and a 2–3 loss to [[South Korea women's national field hockey team|South Korea]] in the semi-final.<ref>{{cite news |title=South Korea beat India 3-2 in Asia Cup women's hockey semis |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/hockey/asia-cup-hockey-india-s-title-hopes-dash-after-losing-2-3-to-korea-in-semifinal-101643209894894.html |access-date=26 May 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Lalremsiami played in the midfield in the tournament as opposed to her traditional position of forward.<ref name="HT1"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*{{sports links}}
* [https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/lalremsiami-profile-2098 Lalremsiami Hmarzote] at [[Hockey India]]

{{Navboxes
|title=India squads
| bg = #0077FF
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|list1=
{{India FHW Squad 2017 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2018 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2020 Summer Olympics}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asia Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 World Cup}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Commonwealth Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2022 Asian Games}}
{{India FHW Squad 2025 Asia Cup}}
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hmarzote, Lalremsiami}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Kolasib]]
[[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Women's field hockey forwards]]
[[Category:Field hockey players from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Field hockey players at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games field hockey players for India]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games silver medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists in field hockey]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Triprayar Boat Race

2026-04-12T23:03:03Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox football tournament
| name = '''Triprayar Boat Race ''' തൃപ്രയാര്‍ ജലോത്സവം
| logo =
| caption =
| founded =
| abolished =
| region = '''[[Triprayar]]''', '''[[Thrissur District]]''', '''[[Kerala]]''', '''[[India]]'''
| number of teams = 20
| current champions = New Pallavy Boat Club, Palazhy
| most successful team =
| broadcasters =
| motto =
| website =
}}

The '''Triprayar Boat Race''' (Malayalam: തൃപ്രയാര്‍ ജലോത്സവം) is a popular ''[[Vallam Kali]]'' held in the [[Conolly Canal]] in [[Triprayar]] of [[Thrissur District]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]. The boat race is conducted by the Thriprayar Arts and Sports Club in front of the [[Thriprayar Temple|Shree Rama Temple]]. The race is for 3 kilometre from Vennakkadavu to [[Triprayar]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://cityjournal.in/boat-race-held-at-thriprayar/
|title=Boat race held at Thriprayar
|newspaper=Cityjournal
|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/08/29/stories/2004082903630300.htm
|title=Winners of Triprayar regatta
|date=29 August 2014
|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]
|access-date=13 July 2019}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.mangalam.com/ipad/thrissur/82804
|title=Office opened for Triprayar Boat Race
|publisher=Mangalam
|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/thrissur/news/2512644-local_news-thruprayar-%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D.html
|title=Triprayar Boat Race today
|publisher=Mathrubhumi
|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://origin-www.madhyamam.com/news/188716/120903
|title=Hanuman, winner of Triprayar Boat Race
|publisher=Madhyamam
|access-date=2013-09-20}}</ref>

==Winners==
{| border = "1" cellpadding = "3" cellspacing = "0"
|-
! align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFD700" | Year
! align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFD700" | Club
! align = "center" bgcolor = "#FFD700" | Winners
|-
|2004
|Jiji Group
|Sree Guruvayurappan
|-
|2010
|Kuzupullikara Golden Rover
|Valliya Pandithan
|-
|2011
|Padur Yuvyagana Kala Samithi Boat Club
|Hanuman No 1
|-
|2012
|Padur Yuvyagana Kala Samithi Boat Club
|Hanuman
|-
|2013
|Thanthonithruth TBC
|Thaniyan
|-
|2014
|Padur Yuvajana Kala Samithi Boat Club
|St Sebastin
|-
|2022
|New Pallavy Boat club, Palazhy
|Thaniyan
|}

==Other races in Kerala==
* [[Kumarakom Boat Race]]
* [[Nehru Trophy Boat Race]]
* [[Kandassankadavu Boat Race]]
* [[President's Trophy Boat Race]]
* [[Aranmula Uthrattadi Vallamkali]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Tourist attractions in Thrissur}}
{{Tourism in Kerala}}
[[Category:Paddling]]
[[Category:Boat races in Thrissur]]

Hulimavu metro station

2026-04-10T11:48:44Z

Lucillecrale: created the stub needs work

{{Short description|Upcoming Namma Metro station under Pink Line}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Hulimavu
| type = {{Namma Metro Infobox station line|line=Pink}}
| style = Namma Metro
| image = Hulimavu metro station (Apr '26).jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption = This metro station's final stages before Operations under Namma Metro's [[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|Pink Line]] as of April 2026
| address = Hulimavu gate, Bannerghatta Main road, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560076
| coordinates = {{coord|12.88108|77.59579|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Namma Metro|Pink|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Kalena Agrahara}} Platform-2 → {{stl|Namma Metro|Tavarekere}} * ''* (Further extension to '''{{stl|Namma Metro|Nagawara}}''' in the future)''
| operator = [[Namma Metro]]
| depth =
| levels = 2 '''''(TBC)'''''
| tracks = 2
| connections =
| parking = '''''(TBC)'''''
| bicycle =
| baggage_check =
| opened =
| opening = {{start date and age|May 2026|df=yes}} '''''(TBC)'''''
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 750 [[Volt|V]] [[Direct current|DC]] [[third rail]]
| accessible = '''''(TBC)'''''
| status = Final Stages before Operations
| code = '''''(TBC)'''''
| owned = [[Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd|Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation Ltd]] (BMRCL)
| architect = GR Infraprojects Ltd. (Simplex contract terminated in 2021)
| architectural_style =
| wifi =
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Namma Metro|line1=Pink|left1=IIMB|to-left1=Tavarekere|note-mid1=''(Operational from May 2026)''|right1=Kalena Agrahara|to-right1=Kalena Agrahara|line2=Pink|left2=IIMB|to-left2=Nagawara|note-mid2=''(Operational around December 2026)''|right2=Kalena Agrahara|to-right2=Kalena Agrahara}}
| route_map = {{BMR Pink line}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Hulimavu''' is an upcoming elevated metro station on the North-South corridor of the [[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|Pink Line]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namma Metro Pink Line: Route, Status, Completion Date & More |url=https://timesproperty.com/amp/webstories/namma-metro-pink-line-details-wid-913 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=timesproperty}}</ref> of [[Namma Metro]] in [[Bengaluru]], India. This metro station serves mainly the [[Christ University]] (Bannerghatta Road), and the nearby prime locations such as '''Royal Meenakshi Mall''', '''Sri Meenakshi Sundareshwara Temple''', Hulimavu Police Station and Kothanur Metro Depot, which will handle all the Pink Line train sets for maintenance purposes.

As per the latest updates, this metro station, under the first phase, covering a total distance of 7.5 km elevated stretch ([[Kalena Agrahara metro station|Kalena Agrahara]] - [[Tavarekere metro station|Tavarekere]]), is expected to be operational around ''May 2026'' <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2026-01-26 |title=7.5-km stretch of Pink Line metro in Bengaluru to open in May 2026 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/bmrcl-begins-beautification-drive-under-pink-line-on-bannerghatta-road/article70549393.ece |access-date=2026-03-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-14 |title=Namma Metro Pink Line Opening Delayed: When Will It Finally Open For Bengaluru Residents? |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bengaluru-metro-pink-line-namma-metro-pink-line-opening-delayed-when-will-it-finally-open-for-bengaluru-article-151633658 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=B.P |first=Darshan Devaiah |date=2025-05-13 |title=Namma Metro’s Pink Line deadline pushed to 2026 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/namma-metros-pink-line-deadline-pushed-to-2026/article69572071.ece |access-date=2025-05-15 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-13 |title=Bengaluru Metro's Reach 6 Line Likely To Be Commissioned In Sept 2026; See Which Areas It Will Connect |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bengaluru-metros-reach-6-line-likely-to-be-commissioned-in-sept-2026-see-which-areas-it-will-connect-article-151624040 |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> instead of ''December 2025''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengaluru: Namma Metro pushes Pink Line deadline to December 2026 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bengaluru-namma-metro-pushes-pink-line-deadline-to-december-2026-3256417 |access-date=2024-11-04 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-04 |title=Namma Metro's Pink line likely to open in phases |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/namma-metros-pink-line-likely-to-open-in-phases/article68484715.ece |access-date=2024-08-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-25 |title=Namma Metro's Pink Line: This Upcoming Corridor Is Set To Redefine The City Commute |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metros-pink-line-this-upcoming-corridor-is-set-to-redefine-the-city-commute-article-101255989 |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-10 |title=Namma Metro Phase 2 In Bengaluru To Be Operational By 2025, Announces Karnataka Deputy CM |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metro-phase-2-in-bengaluru-to-be-operational-by-2025-announces-karnataka-deputy-cm-dk-shivakumar-article-107571304 |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-31 |title=Namma Metro: Bengaluru's Under-Construction Pink Line Slated To Achieve 2 Milestones In a Week |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/namma-metro-bengalurus-under-construction-pink-line-slated-to-achieve-2-milestones-in-a-week-article-107286084 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
In March 2017, the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) sought bids for building the Hulimavu metro station on the 7.5 km Kalena Agrahara - South Ramp section of the 21.25 km Pink Line of Namma Metro. This section comprises 5 stations, excluding Jayadeva Hospital, which was part of a joint venture between HCC - URC Constructions. Initially, Simplex Infrastructures won the tender in September 2017 but due to slow progress, their contract was terminated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=Bangalore Metro Terminates Simplex Infra's Pink Line Contract |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2021/02/04/bangalore-metro-terminates-simplex-infras-pink-line-contract/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref> In July 2021, GR Infraprojects became the lowest bidder and was awarded the Rs 364.87 Crore contract for this section. They commenced the construction of this metro station as per the agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-16 |title=GR Infra Wins Bangalore Metro Pink Line's Pending Work |url=https://themetrorailguy.com/2021/07/16/gr-infra-wins-bangalore-metro-pink-lines-pending-work/ |access-date=2024-03-29 |website=The Metro Rail Guy |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Station layout==
'''''Station Layout - To Be Confirmed''''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-28 |title=Bengaluru Metro: Track-Laying Work Is Expected To Complete By Second Half Of 2024 |url=https://www.news18.com/auto/bengaluru-metro-track-laying-work-is-expected-to-complete-by-second-half-of-2024-8594523.html |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = Hulimavu track layout '''''(TBC)'''''
| title-color = white
| title-bg = #{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|IIMB}}
*'''P#'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P#'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to {{stl|Namma Metro|Kalena Agrahara}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width=30 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85 valign=top|Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Mezzanine
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover 
|-
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''Platform #''' '''Southbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|Towards → {{stl|Namma Metro|Kalena Agrahara}}
|-
|'''Platform #''' '''Northbound'''
|Towards ← {{stl|Namma Metro|Tavarekere}} ** '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Namma Metro|IIMB}}
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" colspan=2 align=center|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=30 rowspan=2 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=85|'''''Note:'''''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=500|'''''** To be further extended to {{stl|Namma Metro|Nagawara}} in the future'''''
|-
|}

==Connections==
{{Empty section|date=August 2024}}

==Entry/Exit==
{{Empty section|date=August 2024}}

==See also==
*[[Bengaluru]]
*[[List of Namma Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Karnataka]]
*[[List of metro systems]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
{{Portal bar|Bengaluru|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://english.bmrc.co.in Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [https://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
{{Namma Metro|pink line=yes}}
__FORCETOC__

[[Category:Namma Metro stations]]

Medchal-Malkajgiri district

2026-04-05T02:30:18Z

Lucillecrale: Adding the location from scratch - done

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Medchal–Malkajgiri district
| settlement_type = [[Districts of Telangana|District]] of [[Telangana]]
| total_type = Total
| native_name =
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage
| photo1a = Shamirpet_Lake.jpg
| photo1b = A-Block at Night.jpg
| photo2a = Malkajgiri Railway Station 01.JPG
| photo2b = Rock Formations at Medchal Town.JPG
| photo3a = SRH fans while an ipl match.jpg
| spacing = 2
| color_border = white
| color = black
| size = 280
| foot_montage = '''Clockwise from top:''' [[Shamirpet Lake]], [[BITS Pilani, Hyderabad|BITS Pilani - Hyderabad Campus]], [[Malkajgiri railway station]], Rock formations near [[Medchal]], [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, Hyderabad|Cricket stadium at Uppal]]
}}
| image_alt =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Telangana
| coordinates =
| coor_pinpoint = Medchal
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|}} [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 = Telangana State
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 30 November 2016
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Shamirpet]]
| parts_type = [[List of mandals in Telangana|Mandalas]]
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 15
| area_total_km2 = 1084
| area_footnotes =
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_total = 24,40,073
| population_footnotes =
| population_urban = 22,30,245
(100% Urbanized district)
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 82.49
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 957
| leader_title = [[District collector]]
| leader_name = Sri V. Venkateswarlu, IAS
| leader_title1 = [[India Parliament|Parliament]] constituencies
| leader_name1 = 1 ([[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]])
| leader_title2 = [[Telangana Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] constituencies
| leader_name2 = 9
Medchal,
Malkajgiri,
Quthbullapur,
Kukatpally,
Uppal, Lal Bahadur (L.B) Nagar, Secunderabad Cantt.
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +05:30
| registration_plate = TG–08<ref>{{cite web |title=District Codes |url=https://www.transport.telangana.gov.in/html/registration-districtcodes.html |website=Government of Telangana, Transport Department}}</ref>
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH-44]], [[National Highway 65 (India)|NH-65]], [[National Highway 163 (India)|NH-163]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nominal GDP (2022-23)
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|88866.72|c|year=2022|mode=historical}} <ref>url=https://www.telangana.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Telangana-Socio-Economic-Outlook-2024.pdf</ref>
| blank_name_sec2 = Per Capita Income (2022-23)
| blank_info_sec2 = {{INRConvert|295514|year=2022|mode=historical}}
| website = {{URL|https://medchal-malkajgiri.telangana.gov.in/}}
| official_name =
}}
'''Medchal−Malkajgiri district''' is a [[district]] in the [[Indian state]] of [[Telangana]]. [[Shamirpet]] is the headquarter of the district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ntnews.com/district/hyderabad/article.aspx?contentid=788327|title=ఘనంగా ఆవిర్భావ సంబురాలు|access-date=2017-10-12}}</ref><ref name="district">{{cite web|title=Medchal−Malkajgiri district|url=http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130732346249.Medchal.pdf|website=New Districts Formation Portal|publisher=Government of Telangana|access-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161130125523/http://newdistrictsformation.telangana.gov.in/uploads/gos-circulars/1476130732346249.Medchal.pdf|archive-date=30 November 2016}}</ref> It is the second most populous district in the state with a population of 2.5 million and also 91.40% urbanized district in the state of Telangana, standing next only to Hyderabad district which has a population of 4 million. The district shares boundaries with [[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad]], [[Medak district|Medak]], [[Sangareddy district|Sangareddy]], [[Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district|Yadadri]], [[Siddipet district|Siddipet]] and [[Rangareddy district|Rangareddy]] districts.The most part of the district consist of [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation|Hyderabad City (GHMC)]]

== Geography ==

The district is spread over an area of {{convert|1084|km2|sqmi}}.It is situated 505 metres above sea level. The landmark consists of rocky terrain and monolithic rocks in the outskirts of the city.<ref name="profile">{{Cite web|url=http://medchal.telangana.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/16-Medchal-Malkajgiri.pdf|title=Medchal-Malkajgiri district|website=Official website of Medchal district|access-date=20 March 2017}}</ref>

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Medchal-Malkajgiri district (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=[[Census of India]]|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#fcd116
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Telangana|Hinduism]]|darkorange|84.85}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|green|9.24}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|4.02}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|1.89}}
}}

{{As of|2011}} [[2011 census of India|census of India]], the district is the second most populous district in the state with a population of 2,440,073.<ref name="profile" /> Medchal-Malkajgiri has a sex ratio of 957 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 82.49%. 285,044 (11.68%) are under 6 years of age. 2,230,245 (91.40%) live in urban areas, the second highest proportion in the state. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 229,188 (9.39%) and 55,244 (2.26%) of the population respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know your district Plan your district - Medchal-Malkajgiri |url=http://www.trac.telangana.gov.in/trac/New_Districts/districts/16-Medchal-Malkajgiri.pdf |website=trac.telangana.gov.in |publisher=Telangana State Remote Sensing Applications Centre}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = left
|caption = Languages of Medchal-Malkajgiri district (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 80.35 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 8.03 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 3.94 |color3 = orange
|label4 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |value4 = 1.76 |color4 = royalblue
|label5 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] |value5 = 1.28 |color5 = red
|label6 = [[Lambadi]] |value6 = 0.92 |color6 = khaki
|label7 = Others |value7 = 3.72 |color7 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 80.35% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 8.03% [[Urdu]], 3.94% [[Hindi]], 1.76% [[Tamil language|Tamil]], 1.28% [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and 0.92% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
{{clear left}}

== History of District ==
The [[Rangareddy district|Rangareddy]] district was formed in 1978 when it was split from [[Hyderabad District, India|Hyderabad district]].<ref name='Statoids'>{{cite web | url = https://www.statoids.com/yin.html | title = Districts of India | access-date = 2011-10-11 | last = Law | first = Gwillim | date = 2011-09-25 | work = Statoids}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Salient Features of Rangareddy District|url=http://rangareddy.ap.nic.in/|work=Rangareddy District Official Website|publisher=Collectorate Rangareddy District|access-date=19 December 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621052353/http://rangareddy.ap.nic.in/|archive-date=21 June 2012}}</ref> Originally named Hyderabad Rural district, it was renamed after [[Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy]], a freedom fighter who fought for the independence of [[Telangana]] from the [[Nizams]] and who went on to become the deputy chief minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=History {{!}} RangaReddy District Government of Telangana {{!}} India|url=https://rangareddy.telangana.gov.in/history/|access-date=2021-08-10|language=en-US}}</ref> After Telangana State formation in 2014, it was carved out during the district's reorganisation to create the new [[Vikarabad district]] and [[Medchal–Malkajgiri district]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Malkajgiri District Revenue divisions.png|thumb|280px|Medchal – Malkajgiri District Revenue divisions|left]]
The district will have two [[List of revenue divisions in Telangana|revenue divisions]] of [[Keesara]] and [[Malkajgiri]]. They are sub-divided into 15 [[mandal]]s.<ref name="district" /> Sri V. Venkateswarlu, IAS is the new collector of the district.

=== Mandals ===

The below table categorizes mandals into their respective revenue divisions in the district:<ref name="district" />

{| class="wikitable" style="width:325pt;"
|-
! # !! Malkajgiri revenue division !! # !! Keesara revenue division
|-
|1
|[[Alwal]]
|1
|[[Ghatkesar]]
|-
|2
|[[Bachupally]]
|2
|[[Kapra]]
|-
|3|| [[Balanagar, Medchal District|Balanagar]] ||3|| [[Keesara]]
|-
|4|| [[Dundigal Gandimaisamma]] ||4|| [[Medchal]]
|-
|5
|[[Kukatpally]]
|5
|[[Medipally, Telangana]]
|-
|6 || [[Malkajgiri mandal|Malkajgiri]] ||6 || [[Shamirpet]]
|-
|7|| [[Quthbullapur]] ||7
|[[Uppal Village|Uppal]]
|-
| || ||8
| Muduchintalpalli
|}

===Villages===


*[[Jaganguda]]
*[[Lalgadi Malakpet]]

==Collectors==
* Mikkilineni Manu Choudary<ref name="A 2017 batch IAS officer takes charge as Medchal collector">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=A 2017 batch IAS officer takes charge as Medchal collector |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-2017-batch-ias-officer-takes-charge-as-medchal-collector/article69691243.ece |access-date=15 June 2025 |publisher=The Hindu |date=13 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615141243/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/a-2017-batch-ias-officer-takes-charge-as-medchal-collector/article69691243.ece |archive-date=15 June 2025 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
* Gowtham Potru<ref name="Major shake-up in Telangana bureaucracy, Dasari Harichandana new Hyderabad collector, DS Lokesh Kumar new chief commissioner of land administration (CCLA)">{{cite news |title=Major shake-up in Telangana bureaucracy, Dasari Harichandana new Hyderabad collector, DS Lokesh Kumar new chief commissioner of land administration (CCLA) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/major-shake-up-in-t-babudom-harichandana-named-hyd-collector-lokesh-new-ccla/articleshow/121811630.cms |access-date=15 June 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=13 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250615141535/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/major-shake-up-in-t-babudom-harichandana-named-hyd-collector-lokesh-new-ccla/articleshow/121811630.cms |archive-date=15 June 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of districts in Telangana]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://medchal-malkajgiri.telangana.gov.in/ Official website]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Medchal district
|North = [[Medak district]], [[Siddipet district]]
|Northeast = [[Siddipet district]], [[Yadadri district]]
|East = [[Yadadri district]]
|Southeast = [[Ranga Reddy district]]
|South = [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad district]]
|Southwest = [[Ranga Reddy district]]
|West = [[Sangareddy district]]
|Northwest = [[Sangareddy district]]
}}{{Medchal-Malkajgiri district}}{{Telangana|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Medchal-Malkajgiri district}}
[[Category:Districts of Telangana]]
[[Category:Medchal–Malkajgiri district| ]]

Abdul Matin Chaudhury

2026-04-01T02:40:58Z

Lucillecrale: adding a info v1

{{Short description|Pakistani Bengali politician from Sylhet}}
{{Other uses|Abdul Matin Chowdhury (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Moulvi]]
| name = Abdul Matin Chaudhury
| native_name = আব্দুল মতিন চৌধুরী عبدالمتین چودھری
| image = Abdul Matin Chaudhury.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Chaudhury in 1938
| alma_mater = [[Aligarh Muslim University]] [[Surendranath College|Ripon College]]
| nickname = Kola Mia
| birth_name =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1948|12|28|1895|2|13}}
| birth_date = 13 February 1895
| birth_place = [[Bhadeshwar Union|Bhadeshwar]], [[Golapganj Upazila|Golapganj]], [[Sylhet District]], [[Assam Province|Assam]]
| office = Member of the 1st [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| predecessor = ''Post established''
| successor =
| term_start = 1947
| term_end = 1948
| constituency =
| office1 = Member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor1 =
| successor1 =
| prime_minister1 = [[Muhammed Saadulah|Muhammad Saadulah]]
| term_start1 = 1937
| term_end1 = 1947
| constituency1 = [[Sylhet-6|Sylhet Sadar (East)]]
| office2 = Deputy President of [[Central Legislative Assembly|Indian Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = March 1933
| term_end2 = 1934
| predecessor2 = [[R. K. Shanmukham Chetty]]
| successor2 = [[Akhil Chandra Datta]]
| office3 = Member of [[Central Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 1926
| term_end3 = 1934
| predecessor3 = [[Ahmad Ali Khan (politician)|Ahmad Ali Khan]]
| successor3 = [[Abdur Rasheed Choudhury]]
| constituency3 = [[Assam Province|Assam (Muslim)]]
| children =
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sind Province (1936–1955)|Sind]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| occupation = Politician and journalist
| father = Abdul Karim Chaudhary
| mother = Habibunnesa Khatun
| resting_place_coordinates = [[Mewa Shah Graveyard]], [[Karachi]]
| party = [[All-India Muslim League]] (till 1947) [[Muslim League (Pakistan)]] (1947-1948)
}}
'''Abdul Matin Chaudhury''' ({{langx|bn|আব্দুল মতিন চৌধুরী}}; 1895–1948), also known by his [[daak naam]] '''Kola Mia''' ({{langx|bn|কলা মিঞা}}); and the [[epithet]] '''Jinnar Daain Haat''' (lit. ''[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Jinnah]]'s right hand''); (also spelled '''Abdul Matin Chaudhary''' in English{{efn|This article uses the spelling ''Chaudhury'' for consistency.}}) was a [[Pakistani]] Bengali trade unionist, journalist, politician, and a member of the Pakistan Constituent Assembly as a representative of [[East Bengal]].<ref name=1948report>{{cite book |title=Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Debates: Official Report |date=1948 |publisher=Manager of Publications. |page=44 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bwpow0NJFbcC&q=Abdul+Matin+Chaudhary |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Chaudhury was born on 13 February 1895 to a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in the [[mahalla]] of Fatehkhani in Bhadeswar pargana, [[Golapganj Upazila]], [[Sylhet District]], in the then Assam province. His father, Abdul Karim Chaudhury, was a [[sub-inspector of police]] and his mother, Habibunnesa Khatun, was a housewife. The title of [[Chaudhury]] was awarded to his ancestor Dost Mohammed by the [[Mughal emperor]] [[Aurangzeb]].<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|14}}

He completed his secondary education at the Habiganj Government High School where he gained a first division in 1912. He then proceeded to study at the Murari Chand College in Sylhet where he completed his Intermediate Arts examination in 1914. In 1916, Chaudhury graduated from the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in Aligarh (later [[Aligarh Muslim University]]) He also completed his [[Bachelor of Law]] from [[Ripon College, Calcutta]] in 1919.<ref name="Shibly">{{cite book |last1=Shibly |first1=Atful Hye |title=Abdul Matin Chaudhury (1895-1948) Trusted Lieutenant of Mohammad Ali Jinnah |date=2011 |publisher=Juned A. Choudhury |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-984-33-2323-1 |pages=1–156 |edition=First}}</ref>{{rp|18–20}}<ref name=":0" />

== Political career ==
Chaudhury practiced law for a short time in 1920–1 but soon became active in politics by joining the [[Khilafat Movement]] in 1921. In 1923, he joined the [[Swaraj Party]] and, prompted by [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], began to organize its members in Sylhet. However, following the death of the party's founder [[Chittaranjan Das]] in 1925, Chaudhury moved his affiliation to the [[Indian Congress Party]] led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|21–27}}

From 1925 to 1937, Chaudhury was an elected member of the [[Central Legislative Assembly|Indian Legislative Assembly]] for [[Colonial Assam|Assam]]. He soon aligned with [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]'s grouping of [[Independent politician|independents]]. In 1930, he argued that there should be legislation to set minimum wages and reduce working hours for railway workers and other tradespeople.<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|29–32}} In 1930–31, he was a member of the Drugs Enquiry Committee headed by [[Ram Nath Chopra]] which examined the need for imports, control and regulation for pharmaceuticals.<ref name=bio>{{cite journal|journal=Indian Journal of History of Science| volume=43| issue=2| year=2008| pages=231–264 |title=Ram Nath Chopra (1882–1973) – A visionary in Pharmaceutical science| url=http://www.insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/IJHS/Vol43_2_4_HSingh.pdf|author=Singh, Harkishan}}</ref> One of its conclusions was that the quality of [[quinine]], which was used to prevent malaria, was often very poor.<ref>{{cite book |isbn=9789392099229 |title=The Truth Pill: The Myth of Drug Regulation in India |last1=Thakur |first1=Dinesh Singh |last2=Thikkavarapu |first2=Prashant Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BhCMEAAAQBAJ&dq=Abdul+Matin+Chaudhury&pg=PT55 |date=10 October 2022 |publisher=Simon and Schuster }}</ref>

Jinnah and the [[Simon Commission]] had recommended that constitutional reforms in India be discussed with the British government and three [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]] were held. Chaudhury attended the first of these in London (November 1930 – January 1931) as Private Secretary to [[Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari|Sir Muhammad Akbar Hydari]], who represented [[Hyderabad]].<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|42–43}} Jinnah remained in England until 1934 but in this period Chaudhury maintained an extensive correspondence with him and urged him to return to India. Chaudhury realised that he could encourage this by attempting to unify the political factions within the [[All-India Muslim League]]. In this, he was successful and in 1933 he became its Vice-President, while Jinnah became President in 1934.<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|44–52}}

In 1933, Chaudhury was elected Deputy President of the Assembly (a post equivalent to deputy [[Speaker (politics)|speaker]]).<ref>{{cite book|last=Kashyap|first=Subhash|title=History of the Parliament of India|year=1994|publisher=Under the auspices of Centre for Policy Research, Shipra |isbn=9788185402345|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6KKbAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> In 1934, he attended the [[1934 Centenary of Melbourne|Melbourne Centenary]] in Australia as the sole representative of the Indian Branch of the [[Commonwealth Parliamentary Association|Empire Parliamentary Association]].<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|37-38}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Personal |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/85743886 |work=Daily News |date=24 October 1934 |location=Perth, W.A. |page=5}}</ref> He travelled by train and boat and wrote a diary which has been published.<ref>{{cite book |title=Abdul Matin Chaudhury |last=Ahmad |first=Syed Ali |contributor-last=Chaudhury |contributor-first=A. M. |contribution=Appendix 4 |pages=159–184 |date=2021 |isbn=9789849529590 |language=bn }}</ref>

In 1937, as a member of the [[Assam Legislative Assembly]], he supported a resolution for the abolition of the [[Discrimination_against_Bengalis_in_India#Assam|Line System]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pegu |first1=Rinku |title=The Line System and the Birth of a Public Sphere in Assam: Immigrant, Alien, and Citizen |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=2004 |volume=65 |pages=586–596 |jstor=44144773 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44144773 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |isbn=9781469137902 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jR5QAAAAQBAJ&dq=Abdul+Matin+Chaudhury&pg=PT209 |title=Moulana Bhashani: Leader of the Toiling Masses |editor-last=Chowdhury |editor-first=Anisuzzaman |last=Manik |first=M. W. |chapter=Chapter 7 |date=2012 |publisher=Bashani Foundation }}</ref> which he called "a system of racial prerogative, a system of economic exploitation for which you won't find a parallel anywhere in India".<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oo10MkzU5DQC&dq=Abdul+Matin+Chaudhury&pg=PA31 |title=Assam Muslims: Politics & Cohesion|pages=26–31 |last1=Dev |first1=B. J. |last2=Lahiri |first2=D. K. |date=1985 |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=India }}</ref> The more charismatic and 'man of the masses' [[Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani]] helped Chaudhary in agitating against the Line System with prominent All-India Muslim League leader [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] of the [[United Provinces (1937–1950)|United Provinces]], with Bhashani's invitation, visiting Assam annually between 1941 and 1946 to agitate against the Line System.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Khaliquzzaman |first=Chaudhry |title=Pathway to Pakistan |publisher=Longmans Pakistan Branch |year=1961 |location=Lahore |pages=260–261}}</ref>

[[File:Saadullah cabinet.jpg|thumb|left|After swearing-in of 2nd coalition Saaduluh ministry, February 1938, Standing (l to r) [[James Joy Mohan Nichols Roy|J J M Nichols-Roy]], [[Muhammed Saadulah|Muhammad Saadulah]], Chaudhury. Seated (l to r) [[Rohini Kumar Chaudhuri]], [[Munawar Ali]], [[Akshay Kumar Das]]]]
Chaudhury served as a Minister for four terms between February 1938 to February 1946 in the Assam provincial government under Sir Syed Muhammad Saadulah as Premier (Prime Minister).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bali |first1=A. N. |title=Now it can be told |date=1949 |publisher=AKASHVANI PRAKASHAN Ltd. |page=84 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZuYDwAAQBAJ&q=Abdul+Matin+Chaudhary&pg=PA84 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Jinnah visits Shillong.jpg|thumb|(l to r) Chaudhury with [[M A Jinnah]] and Abdul Malik Chaudhury (Chaudhury's brother), in Shillong, March 1946]]
He played a leading role in the establishment of the Assam Muslim League in 1937, along with Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani. Between 1936 and 1947, he was a member of the All-India Muslim League working committee. In March 1940 he was one of the twenty sponsors of the [[Lahore Resolution]] which proposed the establishment of Pakistan. The sponsors represented Muslims from all the provinces of India. In 1946, Chaudhury was part of a sub-committee of the All-India Muslim League that drafted the Delhi Resolution, which called for the establishment of a unitary Pakistan comprising Northwest and Northeast India and was moved by [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rashid |first=Harun-or- |title=The Foreshadowing of Bangladesh: Bengal Muslim League and Muslim Politics, 1906–1947 |publisher=The University Press |year=2003 |location=Dhaka |pages=232–233}}</ref>

In June 1947, the [[Partition_of_India#Mountbatten_Plan|Mountbatten Plan]] included provisions for the fate of the Sylhet district to be decided by a [[1947 Sylhet referendum|referendum]]. Chaudhury was the President of the Sylhet Referendum Board of the Muslim League. The referendum was held in July and the region subsequently became part of [[East Bengal]] after the majority voted for that outcome.<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|135–137}} Subsequently, Chaudhury became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and a Member of the first Pay Commission of Pakistan, which two positions he held till the time of his death.<ref name=1948report/> He was also a longtime member of the Aligarh University Court.

==Journalism==
In 1921, Chaudhury wrote an article in the weekly ''Sylhet Chronicle'' in favour of the Khilafat Movement. The British government considered it as seditious and sentenced him to one year's imprisonment, which he served out in the Sylhet jail.<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|23}} In 1923 he served as Chief Editor of ''[[The Mohammadi]]'' weekly of [[Mohammad Akram Khan]], and was a long-time assistant editor of the ''Daily Forward'' newspaper of [[Chittaranjan Das]] in Calcutta. He worked in the editing board of the [[Bombay Chronicle]] from 1926 to 1927. In 1932 he founded the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] weekly news paper ''Jugabheri'', which {{as of|2024|lc=y}} still has a daily edition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allnewspaperbangla.com/all-daily-local-newspapers-sylhet/ |title=All daily local newspapers Sylhet |website=allnewspaperbangla.com |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> He also published an English weekly news paper titled ''The Eastern Herald'' in 1939.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=জালালাবাদের কথা|last=Choudhury|first=Dewan Nurul Anwar Hossain|date=June 1983|edition=February 1997|publisher=[[Bangla Academy]]|location=[[Dhaka]]|pages=337–338|isbn=984-07-3527-6|lang=bn}}</ref><ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|146}}

==Trade unionism==
In order to recover from the rigours of imprisonment, Chaudhury went to [[Shillong]], then the capital city of [[Assam]]. There, he made an attempt to organise the ''Khansamas'' (male domestic cooks) of the European households, which has been referred to as the first attempt to form a trade union in Assam. The Deputy Commissioner expelled him from Shillong with a notice of 24 hours.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Guha |first1=Amalendu |title=Planter Raj to Swaraj (Freedom Struggle and Electoral Politics in Assam, 1826-1947) |date=1977 |publisher=Indian Council of Historical Research |location=New Delhi |page=128 |isbn=8189487035}}</ref><ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|24-25}}

Chaudhury created the Indian Quarter Masters' Union in [[Calcutta]], known as ''Succuny Union'', in 1922, and became the president of the union in 1926.<ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|30}} He was present at the International Labour Conference in [[Geneva]], in 1929, as Technical Adviser to the Indian Labour Delegation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saeed |first1=Ahmad |title=Muslim India (1857-1947): A Bibliographical Dictionary |date=1997 |publisher=Institute of Pakistan Historical Research |location=Lahore |page=26}}</ref><ref name=Shibly/>{{rp|32}}

==Death==
Chaudhury died on 28 December 1948. He was buried in the historic [[Mewa Shah Graveyard]] in [[Karachi]].

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhury, Abdul Matin}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 1937–1946]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 1947–1954]]
[[Category:1895 births]]
[[Category:1948 deaths]]
[[Category:Aligarh Muslim University alumni]]
[[Category:Burials at Mewa Shah Graveyard]]
[[Category:People from Golapganj Upazila]]
[[Category:Murari Chand College alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi people of Asian descent]]
[[Category:Members of the Central Legislative Assembly of India]]

Endoclita makundae

2026-03-28T18:19:18Z

Lucillecrale: started the stub needs work

{{Short description|Species of Moth}}
{{Speciesbox
| taxon = Endoclita makundae
| authority = Grehan, Mielke & Kunte 2022<ref name="zoonova"/>
}}

'''''Endoclita makundae''''' is a [[species]] of ghost moth ([[Hepialidae]]) described from [[Assam]], [[India]] in 2022.<ref name="zoonova">{{cite journal |last1=Grehan |first1=John R. |last2=Mielke |first2=Carlos G.C. |last3=Basu |first3=Dipendra Nath|last4=Pawar |first4=Ujwala |last5=Ismavel |first5=Vijay Anand |last6=Rawlins |first6=John E. |last7=Kunte |first7=Krushnamegh |year=2022 |title=A new species of ''Endoclita'' C. & R. Felder, 1874 ghost moth from Karimganj District of Assam, India, with comments on the genus in northeastern India, and clarification of ''E. signifer'' (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). |journal=Zoonova |number=16 |pages=1–13|doi=10.5281/zenodo.6026502}}</ref><ref>{{Catalogue of Life |title=''Endoclita makundae'' Grehan, C. Mielke & Kunte, 2022 |id=BSZZJ |access-date=2024-05-10}}</ref> It has a wingspan of approximately {{cvt|75|mm}}.<ref name="zoonova" /> The habitat consists of evergreen and semi-evergreen forest on low relief topography.<ref name="zoonova" /> It was named for the Makunda Christian Leprosy and General Hospital. A noun in the genitive singular meaning "of Makunda".<ref name="zoonova" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q111165852}}

[[Category:Endoclita|makundae]]
[[Category:Moths described in 2022]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of India]]

{{Endoclita-stub}}

Manasi Naik

2026-03-28T10:30:45Z

Lucillecrale: brief fix section for consistency additionally and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Indian film actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Manasi Naik
| image = Manasi Naik in 2023.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Naik in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1987|02|03|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2022 |title='बघतोय रिक्षावाला' फेम मानसी नाईकचा वाढदिवस; पाहा खास फोटो |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/manasi-naik-birthday-special-gallery-1030371 |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| yearsactive = 2006–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Pradeep Kharera|2021|2024|end=div}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|dancer}}
| website =
}}

'''Manasi Naik''' (born 3 February 1987) is an Indian actress and dancer known for her work in [[Marathi cinema]] and television. Raised in Pune, she began her on-screen career in 2006 with a role in the television series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'', and made her film debut in 2007 with the commercially successful ''[[Zabardast (2007 film)|Zabardast]]''. She rose to prominence dance performances, most notably the [[item number]] “Baghtoy Rickshaw Wala” from ''[[Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika]]'' (2012). Despite success and critical acclaim, Naik experienced periods of fluctuating film opportunities, her leading role in ''[[Murder Mestri]]'' (2015), earning her the Zee Talkies Comedy Award for Best Actress. She is also known for her performances in ''HuTuTu'' (2014), ''Dholki'' (2015), and her appearances in popular Marathi item numbers and music videos.

Beyond films, Naik has appeared on television shows such as ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]'' and served as a judge on [[Dholkichya Talavar|''Dholkichya Talavar'' Season 4]]. She was seen portraying 33 iconic roles from [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]] in the unreleased [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]]'s Bollywood project ''Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwaishen''. Known for her glamorous screen presence and vibrant dance style, her personal life also drew public attention and therefore remains a recognizable figure in the Marathi entertainment industry.

== Early life ==
Naik was born on 3 February 1987 in [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], into a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] family with a strong academic background.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Companion |first=City |date=2019-03-24 |title=Interview: Manasi Naik on her journey through Marathi cinema. |url=https://citycompanion.wordpress.com/2019/03/24/interview-manasi-naik-on-her-journey-through-marathi-cinema/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=City Companion |language=en}}</ref> Her father, Dr. Rajan Naik, is a [[scientist]] who worked at the [[National Chemical Laboratory]] while her mother, Asha Naik, is a retired senior [[auditor]]. As a child, Naik aspired to become a [[Doctor of Medicine|doctor]] and went on to graduate from [[Fergusson College|Ferguson College]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Marathi TV Editorial |date=2024-03-19 |title=Manasi Naik Wiki, Age, Husband, Biodata, Height, Contact |url=https://www.marathi.tv/actress/manasi-naik-biography/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Marathi.TV |language=en-us}}</ref> During her college years, she was actively involved in theatre and also began modeling, appearing on several magazine covers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-03 |title=Manasi Naik Archives {{!}} Page 2 of 2 {{!}} |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/tag/manasi-naik/page/2/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Although she initially dreamed of a medical career, she eventually chose to follow her passion for dance and acting, which led her to relocate to [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==

=== Debut and mainstream success (2006–2014) ===
Naik began her acting career in 2006 with a brief role in the popular Marathi television series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]].''<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-04-25 |title=मानसी नाईक म्हणतेय, |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/marathi-actress-manasi-naik-shared-special-post-social-media-1170653 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref> She made her film debut in 2007 with ''[[Zabardast (2007 film)|Zabardast]]'', a Marathi drama directed by [[Mahesh Kothare]], centered around college life and youthful exuberance, was a commercial success.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-08 |title=Pushkar Jog celebrates 15 years of 'Zabardast' with a throwback pic |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/pushkar-jog-celebrates-15-years-of-zabardast-with-a-throwback-pic/articleshow/92076174.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Her performance, particularly her dance sequences, garnered attention and helped establish her as a promising newcomer in Marathi cinema.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-06-24 |title='Zabardast' makes Rs 1 cr collection at box office |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2007/06/24/zabardast-makes-rs-1-cr-collection-at-box-office-1182683218.html |access-date=2025-07-21 |website=OneIndia}}</ref>

In 2009, she appeared as the romantic lead opposite [[Pushkar Jog]] in ''Tukya Tukvila Nagya Nachvila'', where their on-screen chemistry received praise from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khot |first=Shweta |date=2007-03-23 |title=MANASI NAIK |url=https://marathimovieworld.com/interviews/manasi-naik-2.php |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Over the next few years, Naik made notable [[Cameo appearance|cameo appearances]] in dance numbers, such as a pub dancer in the suspense-comedy ''Target'', and a [[qawwali]] performer in [[Mahesh Manjrekar]]’s action film ''[[Fakta Ladh Mhana]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-03 |title=Manasi Naik opens up about two harrowing road accidents she miraculously survived: 'My eye was injured' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manasi-naiks-miraculous-survival-from-harrowing-road-accidents/articleshow/107371490.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2012, she played a supporting role as a Muslim girl in the family drama ''Kutumb'' alongside [[Siddharth Jadhav]], which achieved both critical and commercial success.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-09-01 |title=Kutumb (Marathi Movie) Review |url=https://thecommonmanspeaks.com/kutumb-marathi-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Common Man Speaks |language=en-US}}</ref> That same year, she gained widespread recognition for her item number ''“Baghtoy Rickshaw Wala”'' from the comedy ''[[Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika]]''. Though the film received mixed reviews, [[Dan (newspaper)|''DNA'']] critic Blessy Chettiar noted, “Mansi Naik’s ‘Vaat Baghtoy Rickshawala’ item song is the only treat, with well-choreographed moves set to the famous [[Koli people|Koli]] folk song.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chettiar |first=Blessy |title=Review: 'Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika' (Marathi) |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-review-teen-bayka-fajiti-aika-marathi-1666224 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=DNA India |language=en}}</ref>

Between 2013 and 2014, Naik expanded her filmography with roles in ''Cappuccino'' and ''HuTuTu'', both of which were met with positive responses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hu Tu Tu Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Hu Tu Tu by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/hu-tu-tu-hemant-dhome-jitendra-joshi-kanchan-adhikari-ashok-saraf-neha-pendse-manasi-naik/movie-review/36196828.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Despite a successful debut, she received relatively few film offers, a fact she addressed publicly by stating she had “no fear of being labelled as an item girl.”<ref>{{cite news |date=2012-09-12 |title=Madhuri Dixit’s Marathi connection: Mahesh Kothare’s comeback |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/news-interviews/33764237_1_madhuri-dixit-mahesh-kothare-marathi |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130126055745/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-12/news-interviews/33764237_1_madhuri-dixit-mahesh-kothare-marathi |archive-date=26 January 2013 |access-date=2025-07-21 |work=The Times of India |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2014, she worked in the popular Marathi comedy reality show ''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-09-08 |title=A CNWK inspired Marathi show? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/chala-hawa-yeu-dya-nilesh-sable-kapil-sharma-comedy-nights-with-kapil-cnwk-kushal-badrike-bhau-kadam-manasi-naik-bharat-ganeshpure-sagar-karande-shreya-bugde/articleshow/40409885.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Career fluctuation and cameo appearances (2015–present) ===
Her first lead role in 2015 was the comedy ''[[Murder Mestri]]'', in which she played Hemlata Mestri.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-13 |title=Manasi shuns makeup |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/Manasi-shuns-makeup/articleshow/47735486.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was both a critical and commercial success, earning her the Zee Talkies Comedy Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zore |first=Prasanna D. |title=Review: Murder Mestri is paisa vasool fun. Twice over. |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-murder-mestri-is-paisa-vasool-fun-twice-over/20150710.htm |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-04 |title=Zee Talkies Comedy Awards announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/zee-talkies-comedy-awards-announced/articleshow/53047572.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later that year, she portrayed a seductive character in [[Vijay Patkar]]'s ''[[Carry On Deshpande]],'' though the film was panned by critics and failed at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Carry on Deshpande Movie Review {2/5}: Critic Review of Carry on Deshpande by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/movie-review-carry-on-deshpande/movie-review/50170873.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She followed this with a praised performance in ''Dholki'', with ''[[The Times of India]]''’s Mihir Bhanage commenting, “Naik finally gets a role that is a little bigger than a song.”<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dholki Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Dholki by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/dholki-movie-review-marathi/movie-review/48712058.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> That same year, she played the lead in the suspense-horror film ''The Shadow'', portraying a protective mother who confronts mysterious supernatural events in a farmhouse.<ref>{{Cite web |last=megamarathi |date=2015-08-26 |title=The Shadow - 2015 - Marathi Movie |url=https://megamarathi.com/marathi-movies/the-shadow-2015-marathi-movie/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=MegaMarathi.Com |language=en-US}}</ref> This marked the first time she played a mother on screen, moving away from her earlier glamorous image.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mansi Naik to portray role of a mother in ‘The Shadow’ |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/regional/marathi/mansi-naik-to-portray-role-of-a-mother-in-the-shadow/videoshow/48887773.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=STAFF |first=EDITORIAL |date=2015-08-24 |title=Mansi Naik to portray role of a mother |url=https://marathistars.com/gossip/mansi-naik-to-portray-role-of-a-mother/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=MarathiStars |language=en-US}}</ref>

In the years that followed, Naik made notable special appearances in dance numbers across films like ''Police Line Ek Purna Satya,'' ''[[Jalsa (2016 film)|Jalsa]]'', ''[[Smile Please (2019 film)|Smile Please]]'' and [[Ekdam Kadak|''Ekdam Kadak'']], and also featured in several Marathi music videos<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-31 |title=Manasi Naik: It is high time viewers show a strong support Marathi songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/manasi-naik-it-is-high-time-viewers-show-a-strong-support-marathi-songs/articleshow/89255767.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahire |first=Sameer |title=Manasi Naik Sizzles In The Item Number 'Madam Kadak Hay' |url=https://www.movietalkies.com/news/manasi-naik-sizzles-in-the-item-number-madam-kadak-hay/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.movietalkies.com |language=en}}</ref> She also served as a judge on the dance reality show [[Dholkichya Talavar|''Dholkichya Talavar'' Season 4]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-01 |title=Dance reality show Dholkichya Talavar is back after six years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/dance-reality-show-dholkichya-talavar-is-back-after-six-years/articleshow/100678046.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Naik was also part of ''Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwaishen'', a unique project directed by late [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]], in which she portrayed 33 iconic characters from Indian cinema, both male and female.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-04-17 |title=Manasi Naik to portray 33 iconic characters in her debut Bollywood film 'Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwaishen' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manasi-naik-to-portray-33-iconic-characters-in-her-debut-bollywood-film-jee-lo-apni-filmy-khwaishen/articleshow/75198990.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The film was intended to mark her Bollywood debut, but it remained unreleased.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manasi Naik talks about her upcoming film Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwahishen {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/interviews/manasi-naik-talks-about-her-upcoming-film-jee-lo-apni-filmy-khwahishen-27711.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>

After a brief hiatus, she returned to the screen in 2025 as the leading lady in the romantic drama ''[[Sakal Tar Hou Dya|Sakaal Tar Hou Dya]],'' opposite [[Subodh Bhave]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=सुबोध भावेची गाडी सुस्साट! एका पाठोपाठ एक फिल्म्स अन् मालिका, आता 'रिक्षावाला' फेम अभिनेत्रीसोबत झळकणार |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/subodh-bhave-new-film-sakal-tar-hou-dya-with-mansi-naik/articleshow/122995368.cms |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=Maharashtra Times |language=mr}}</ref> The film, featuring only two characters throughout its narrative, tells the story of a broken man whose life takes an unexpected turn after a mysterious prostitute enters his darkest moment.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2025-10-01 |title=गूढ रहस्य अन् तितकाच थ्रीलर; सुबोध भावे, मानसी नाईकच्या 'सकाळ तर होऊ द्या'चा ट्रेलर रिलीज |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/sakaal-tar-hou-dya-official-trailer-out-marathi-actor-subodh-bhave-mansi-naik-starrer-movie-released-on-10th-october-1388523 |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref> Ashish Ningurkar of ''My'' ''Mahanagar'' writing, "Through her eyes, her words and her movements, the audience feels the harmony of darkness and hope in her life."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=My Mahanagar |date=2025-10-18 |title=Sakal Tar Hou Dya : अनोख्या संघर्षाची अनुभूती, सकाळ तर होऊ द्या… |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/entertainment/sakal-tar-hou-dya-2025-marathi-movie-review/932196/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr}}</ref> Although the film failed commercially, Naik earned the Best Actress Award at the 2026 Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=admin |title=10th Ambernath Marathi Film Festival 2026: A Grand Celebration of Cinematic Excellence – travel 2 films |url=https://travel2films.com/10th-ambernath-marathi-film-festival-2026-a-grand-celebration-of-cinematic-excellence/ |access-date=2026-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Naik was in a relationship with professional boxer Pradeep Kharera for a year before the couple married in a traditional Maharashtrian ceremony in [[Pune]] on 19 January 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-20 |title=Marathi actor Manasi Naik ties the knot with boxer Pardeep Kharera |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/marathi-actor-manasi-naik-ties-the-knot-with-boxer-pardeep-kharera-see-photos-7153991/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Later that year, they began living separately, and in November 2022, Naik publicly confirmed that she had filed for divorce, citing her mental health and self-respect as key reasons.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-22 |title=Manasi Naik confirms split with husband Pardeep Kharera: This wasn't a fairytale for me; it's time to move on |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manasi-naik-confirms-split-with-husband-pardeep-kharera-this-wasnt-a-fairytale-for-me-its-time-to-move-on/articleshow/95684064.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-22 |title=Manasi Naik reveals she has filed for divorce from Pradeep Kharera: High time I walk out (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/manasi-naik-reveals-she-has-filed-for-divorce-from-pradeep-kharera-high-time-i-walk-out-exclusive-101669098864500.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820083642/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/manasi-naik-reveals-she-has-filed-for-divorce-from-pradeep-kharera-high-time-i-walk-out-exclusive-101669098864500.html |archive-date=20 August 2023 |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref> Their divorce was finalized in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Happy I Didn't Lose Myself In This Journey: Manasi Naik On Divorce From Pradeep Kharera |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/happy-i-didnt-lose-myself-in-this-journey-manasi-naik-on-divorce-from-pradeep-kharera-8794923.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

In early 2024, speculation about a new relationship emerged after Naik shared photos from [[Paris]] with author and space scientist Rahul Khismatrao.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Are They Just Friends?' Manasi Naik's Picture With Author Rahul Khismatrao Ignites Speculation |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/are-they-just-friends-manasi-naiks-picture-with-author-rahul-khismatrao-ignites-speculation-8865064.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2007
|''[[Zabardast (2007 film)|Zabardast]]''
|Nupur
|
|
|-
|2009
|''Tukya Tukvila Nagya Nachvila''
|Nagya's love interest
|
|
|-
|2010
|''Target''
|Dancer
|[[Cameo appearance]] in the song ''"Hawa Hawa"''
|
|-
|2011
|''[[Fakta Ladh Mhana]]''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Tu Manat Tu Spandanat''"
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2012
|''Kutumb''
|Saira
|
|
|-
|''[[Teen Bayka Fajiti Aika]]''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Baghtoy Rickshaw Wala''"
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Manasi Naik ties the knot with Pardeep Kharera |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manasi-naik-ties-the-knot-with-pardeep-kharera/articleshow/80343969.cms |access-date=3 February 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|''Kokanastha''
|Jenny
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2014
|''Cappuccino''
|Alifia
|
|
|-
|''HuTuTu''
|Priya
|
|
|-
|''Ekta Ek Power''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Pandhra To Ho Gaya''"
|
|-
| rowspan="5" |2015
|''[[Murder Mestri]]''
|Hemlata Mestri
|
|
|-
|''[[Carry On Deshpande]]''
|Mallaika
|
|{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
|''[[Dholki (2015 film)|Dholki]]''
|Lala's love interest
|
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Dholki Movie Review {2.5/5}: Critic Review of Dholki by Times of India |newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/dholki/movie-review/48712058.cms |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''The Shadow''
|Ramaya
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''Prem Kahani''
|
|Cameo appearance in the song ''"Ye To Trailor Zakki Hai"''
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2016
|''Mohar''
|Lavani dancer
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
|''Police Line Ek Purna Satya''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Akkha Cinema Pahun Ghe"''
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Akhha Cinema Pahun Ghe - Police Line {{!}} Bharati Madhavi & Pravin Kunwar | date=6 January 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tLImmVSx3I |language=en |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jalsa (2016 film)|Jalsa]]''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Bai Wadyavar Ya"''
|<ref>{{Citation |title=Bai Wadyavar Ya {{!}} Jalsa {{!}} Manasi Naik, Ashutosh S Raaj & Nikhil Wairagar | date=2 August 2016 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tn7f-QMs8OQ |language=en |access-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
|''[[Bhavishyachi Aishi Taishi]]''
|Megha
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2017 |title='Bhavishayachi Aishi Taishi' Marathi Movie Releasing on 06 October 2017 |url=https://megamarathi.com/news/bhavishayachi-aishi-taishi-marathi-movie-releasing-on-06-october-2017/ |access-date= |website= |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|''Vajra''
|Lavani dancer
|
|
|-
|2018
|''Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwaishen''
|various roles
|Unreleased
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-09-28 |title=Manasi Naik to portray 28 characters in her debut Bollywood film 'Jee Lo Apni Filmy Khwaishen' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/manasi-naik-to-portray-28-characters-in-her-debut-bollywood-film-jee-lo-apni-filmy-khwaishen/articleshow/65994110.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2019
|''[[Smile Please (2019 film)|Smile Please]]''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Chal Pudhe Chal Tu"''
|<ref>{{Cite web |title='Smile Please' Anthem: Urmila Matondkar, Sagarika Ghatge, Mahesh Manjrekar Join Vikram Phadnis In 'Chal Pudhe' {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/-smile-please-anthem-urmila-matondkar-sagarika-ghatge-mahesh-manjrekar-join-vikram-phadnis-in-chal-pudhe/5d2f172cd3d6f236bff410bd |access-date= |website= |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''Jawani Zindabad''
|
|Cameo appearance in the song "Aana Re"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jawani Zindabad {{!}} Song - 'Aana Re' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/marathi/jawani-zindabad-song-aana-re/videoshow/72369475.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''[[Tribhanga (film)|Tribhanga]]''
|Anchor
|Cameo appearance
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''Tu Fakt Ho Mhan''
| -
|Cameo appearance in the song "''Zhingnag Chiknang hotay''"
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tu Fakt Ho Mhan {{!}} Song - Zingnang Chiknang Hotay |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/marathi/tu-fakt-ho-mhan-song-zingnang-chiknang-hotay/videoshow/94813377.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ekdam Kadak]]''
|
|Cameo appearance in the song ''"Madam Kadak Ahe"''
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-11-07 |title='Ekdam Kadak': Manasi Naik sets the stage on fire with her dance moves in her new song 'Madam Kadak Ahe' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/news/ekdam-kadak-manasi-naik-sets-the-stage-on-fire-with-her-dance-moves-in-her-new-song-madam-kadak-ahe/articleshow/95357936.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|''[[Sakal Tar Hou Dya|Sakaal Tar Hou Dya]]''
|Niyati
|
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2026
|''[[Man Aatle Manatale]]''
|Pari
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-19 |title=New Marathi Movie: ‘मन आतले मनातले’ चित्रपट 13 फेब्रुवारीला प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://www.mymahanagar.com/entertainment/maan-aatle-manatle-new-marathi-movie-releasing-on-13th-february/956522/ |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=My Mahanagar |language=mr}}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2006-2008
|''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]''
|Priyanka
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/ |title=Trending stories on Indian Lifestyle, Culture, Relationships, Food, Travel, Entertainment, News and New Technology News |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
|2014
|''[[Chala Hawa Yeu Dya]]''
|Performer
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-31 |title=CHYD completes golden jubilee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/marathi/chyd-completes-golden-jubilee/articleshow/46076554.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|[[Dholkichya Talavar]]
|Judge
|
|
|}

=== Music videos ===

* ''Hello!''
* ''Mast Challay Amcha''
* ''Ramanna''
* ''Mala Lagin Karayichy'' (2017)
* ''Gulabi Note'' (2017)
* ''Aaplya Love Storycha Hindi Picture'' (2018)
* ''Sunday Marketla'' (2020)
* ''HudHudi'' (2021)
* ''Vatewari Mogra'' (2021)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vatevari Mogara: Manasi Naik’s First Music Video Post Wedding Also Stars Husband Pardeep Kharera {{!}} SpotboyE |url=https://www.spotboye.com/marathi/marathi-news/vatevari-mogara-manasi-naik-s-first-music-video-post-wedding-also-stars-husband-pardeep-kharera/6042042ae64e0402b8c34576 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=www.spotboye.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Poyrekar |first=Poonam |title=Manasi Naik आणि पती Pradeep Kharera यांचा लग्नानंतरचा रोमान्स दर्शवणारे 'वाटेवरी मोगरा' गाणे प्रदर्शित, Watch Video {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY मराठी |url=https://marathi.latestly.com/entertainment/marathi/manasi-naik-and-pradeep-kharera-song-vatevari-mogra-released-231358.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=LatestLY मराठी |language=mr}}</ref>
* ''Bai Wadyavar 2.0'' (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |last=टीम |first=एबीपी माझा वेब |date=2022-02-23 |title='बाई वाडयावर या 2' या गाण्यात मानसी नाईकच्या दिलखेचक अदांनी केलं रसिकांना घायाळ... |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/manasi-naik-new-marathi-song-bai-wadyavar-ya-2-released-1035713 |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=ABP Majha |language=mr}}</ref>
* ''Swami Samarth Mauli (2023)''
* ''Rim Zim'' (2024)

== Accolades ==

* Won: 2015, Zee Talkies Comedy Award for Best Actress – ''[[Murder Mestri]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-07-25 |title=Manasi Naik bags best actress award |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/manasi-naik-bags-best-actress-award/articleshow/53379481.cms |access-date=2025-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
* Won: 2016, Sanskruti Kaladarpan Award for Style Icon<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Actress Manasi Naik On Guru Purnima: 'Darkest Times Can Bring Us To Brightest Places' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/actress-manasi-naik-on-guru-purnima-darkest-times-can-bring-us-to-brightest-places-8974474.html |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
* Won: 2023, Sanskruti Kaladarpan Award for Style Icon<ref name=":3" />
* Won: 2026, Ambernath Marathi Chitrapat Mahotsav for Best Actress – ''[[Sakal Tar Hou Dya|Sakaal Tar Hou Dya]]''<ref name=":5" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==

* {{IMDb name|id=2983496|name=Manasi Naik}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Manasi}}
[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
{{Authority control}}

Nellore

2026-03-26T16:27:21Z

Lucillecrale:

{{more citations needed|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nellore
| settlement_type = City
| other_name = Vikrama Simhapuri
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/2/2/2
| image1 = Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Galigopuram, Nellore (4).jpg
| caption1 = Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore
}}
| nickname = Shrimp Capital of India
| pushpin_map = India#India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|14|26|35|N|79|59|10|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]{{flagicon image|}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nellore district|Nellore]]
| subdivision_type3 = Region
| subdivision_name3 = [[Coastal Andhra]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 
| established_title1 = Incorporated (Municipality)
| established_date1 = 1 November 1866
| established_title2 = Incorporated (Corporation)
| established_date2 = 2004
| named_for = [[Indian gooseberry]]
| government_type = [[Municipal corporation (India)|Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Nellore Municipal Corporation]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name = ''Vacant'' (since 18 March 2026)
| leader_title1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLAs]]
| leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list
| title = List of MLAs
| title_style =
| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0;
| list_style = text-align:left;display:none;
| 1 = Ponguru Narayana ([[Nellore City (Assembly constituency)|Nellore City]])
| 2 = Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy ([[Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency)|Nellore Rural]])}}
| leader_title4 = [[Nellore (Lok Sabha constituency)|MP]]
| leader_name4 = [[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="profile" /><ref name="pop census"/>
| area_total_km2 = 149.2
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="profile">{{cite report |title=Integrated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Management Project: Draft Detailed Project Report for Nellore (CLUSTER V) Nellore Cluster |author=((Swachha Andhra Corporation)) |url=http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/MSWMReports/DPR%20Nellore.pdf |archive-date= 17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017083721/http://sac.ap.gov.in/sac/UserInterface/Downlaods/MSWMReports/DPR%20Nellore.pdf |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=9 June 2019 |chapter=4.0 Brief about the Project Area |page=20 |date=October 2016}}</ref><ref name="pop census"/><ref name="city">{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Fertile-lands-turning-into-concrete-jungle/article11332649.ece|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref>
| population_total = 6,00,869
| pop_est_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|4th (in AP)]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="pop census">{{citation |date=June 2014 |title=District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh |url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/document/nellore-district-census-handbook-2011/ |author=((Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India)) |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=14 November 2015 |pages=27, 427–441 |id=Series 29 — Part XII B}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/151/download/254/DH_2011_2819_PART_B_DCHB_SRI_POTTI_SRIRAMULU_NELLORE.pdf (PDF file download– 5MB)] {{webarchive |url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220602083031/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39c82c7143c102b71c593d98d96093fde/uploads/2019/08/2019080553.pdf |date=2 June 2022}}</ref>
| population_metro = 6,00,869
| population_demonym = Nellorean
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = Literacy
| demographics1_title1 = Literates
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics1_title2 = Literacy rate
| demographics1_info2 =
| demographics_type2 = Languages
| demographics2_title1 = Official
| demographics2_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 524001-524007
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–861
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle registration]]
| registration_plate = AP-39
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Nominal GDP]](2023-24)
| website = {{URL|http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| native_name = Nelluru
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 12
| map_caption = Interactive map
| blank_info_sec1 = {{INRConvert|16989|c|=2024}}<ref>{{Cite web | title=:: DES-AP :: | url=https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609015545/https://des.ap.gov.in/MainPage.do?mode=menuBind&tabname=publications | access-date=2025-06-15 | archive-date=2022-06-09}}</ref>
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Tropical savanna climate|As]]
}}

'''Nellore''', also spelt as '''Nelluru''', is a city located on the banks of [[Penna River]],<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Lakhs celebrate 'gobbemma festival'|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/lakhs-celebrate-gobbemma-festival/article4315907.ece|access-date=18 May 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> in [[Nellore district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India.<ref name="census">{{citation |date=June 2014 |title=District Census Handbook – Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore: Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)|author=(( Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India)) |url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/document/nellore-district-census-handbook-2011/ |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations Andhra Pradesh |work=2011 Census of India |access-date=14 November 2015 |page=25 |id=Series 29 — Part XII B}} [https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/151/download/254/DH_2011_2819_PART_B_DCHB_SRI_POTTI_SRIRAMULU_NELLORE.pdf (PDF file download– 5MB)] {{webarchive |url =https://web.archive.org/web/20220602083031/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s39c82c7143c102b71c593d98d96093fde/uploads/2019/08/2019080553.pdf |date=2 June 2022}}</ref> It serves as the headquarters of the district, as well as [[Nellore Urban mandal]], Nellore Rural mandal and [[Nellore revenue division]].<ref name="map">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2819_PART_A_DCHB_SRI%20POTTI%20SRIIAMULU%20NELLORE.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=1 June 2019 |pages=164 |date=2011}}</ref> It is the [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh|fourth most populous]] city in the state. It is at a distance of {{convert|279|km}} from [[Vijayawada]], {{convert|660|km}} from [[Visakhapatnam]], {{convert|455|km}} from [[Hyderabad]] and about {{cvt|170|km}} north of [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu and also about {{cvt|380|km}} east-northeast of [[Bangalore]], Karnataka. It is the administrative headquarters of [[Nellore District]].

== Etymology ==
There are various theories linked to the origin of the name Nellore. According to a story from the [[Puranas|Sthala Purana]], the name is connected to a sacred lingam in the form of a stone found beneath a [[Phyllanthus emblica]] tree, also known as the nelli tree ({{Transliteration|ta|nelli}}, meaning 'emblica tree' in Proto-Dravidian and Telugu). The presence of the nelli tree in this story is believed to be one of the etymological roots of the region's name.

Another theory is that the name "Nellore" is derived from the Tamil word "nellu", which means "paddy" or "rice." The region is renowned for its vast rice cultivation, and the name reflects its agricultural heritage and the importance of rice production in the area. Over time, the name "Nelluru" evolved into the modern form "Nellore," used in both Telugu and Tamil-speaking regions.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Burrow | first=T. | author2=Emeneau, M. B. | title=A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary | publisher=Clarendon Press | year=1984 }}</ref>

Historically, the area was known as Vikrama Simhapuri in medieval era. The abundance of paddy fields eventually led to the name being changed to Nellore. The region has long been associated with agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, which continues to play a significant role in its economy today.<ref>{{Cite book | last=Sastri | first=Nilakanta | title=The Colas | publisher=University of Madras | year=1935 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last=Ramaswamy | first=Vijaya | title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils | publisher=Scarecrow Press | year=2007 }}</ref>

== History ==
Nellore had been under the rule of [[Mauryas]], [[Satavahanas]], [[Chola]]s, [[Pallava]]s, [[Pandya]]s, [[Kharavela]] of [[Chedi Kingdom|Chedi dynasty]], [[Kakatiya]]s, [[Eastern Ganga dynasty|Eastern Gangas]] of [[Kalinga Empire]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Arcot Nawabs]] and other dynasties.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

Nellore was ruled by [[Ashoka]] of the Mauryan dynasty in the 3rd century BCE. Nellore was conquered by the rulers of the [[Pallava dynasty]] and it was under their rule till the 6th century CE, subsequently the [[Chola]] rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The [[Cholas]] met their decline in the 13th century CE. [[Tamil language|Tamil]] inscriptions indicate that it formed part of [[Chola kingdom]] till their decline in the thirteenth century CE.<ref>(1908) [https://archive.org/stream/imperialgazettee19greauoft#page/9/mode/1up The Imperial Gazetteer of India]. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9</ref> It later became a part of [[Kakatiyas]], [[Vijayanagara Empire]], Sultanate of [[Golconda]], [[Mughal Empire]] and [[Arcot Nawab]]. In 1758 Marathas under the command of Balwant Rao Captured Nellore from Nazibulla.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Madras |first=Government of |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2qx-smrZLyUC&dq=venkata+war+with+golconda&pg=PA24 |title=Gazetteer of the Nellore District: Brought Upto 1938 |pages=70–71|date=2004 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1851-0 |language=en}}</ref> In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the [[Arcot Nawabs]] and was part of the [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]].

=== British rule – Madras Presidency ===
The first account was produced by John Boswell in 1873 as collector. This report by the British Includes Climate, agriculture, health statistics as well important taxation information. Social structure including important families of Nellore from the 1800s. These included Venketagiri Raja, kalhastri Rajah, The Chundi Zamindhar, The Mutiyalpad Zamindhar, Sayidapur Zamindhar, Jupalli Zamindhars of Udayagiri, Udayagiri Jaghirediar, the Vazella Zamidhars of Gudur, Zamindhars of Ongole, Turrawar Poligar, Tadeboyina Polighar, The Chettiars Polighar, The Udathawar Polighar, The Gangulawar Poighar and Buchireddypalem Family. These families under the British Raj were responsible for the villages and lands in their possession. The British recognized the importance of Nellore in cultivation as well as important port of Krishnapatam.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boswell |first1=John |title=A Manual of the Nellore District |date=1873 |publisher=H. Morgan at the Government Press |pages=891 |edition=1}}</ref> The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. [[Potti Sriramulu]], who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Potti Sriramulu |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?42 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240912065037/https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/unsung-heroes-detail.htm?42 |archive-date=12 September 2024 |access-date=2025-06-02 |work=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, Government of India |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref> On 4 June 2008, the Government of Andhra Pradesh officially renamed Nellore district as [[Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district]] in honor of Potti Sriramulu’s sacrifice for the formation
<ref>{{Cite web | title=History {{!}} Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India | url=https://spsnellore.ap.gov.in/history/ | access-date=2025-08-07 | website=spsnellore.ap.gov.in}}</ref>

== Geography ==
=== Location ===
Nellore is located at {{Coord|14.44|N|79.98|E}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mapsofindia.com/lat_long/andhra-pradesh/nellore.html|title=Latitude and Longitude of Nellore, Andhra Pradesh {{!}} Nellore Coordinates|website=www.mapsofindia.com|access-date=25 March 2016}}</ref><ref name="nellore geography">{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Nellore.html|title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Nellore, India|work=fallingrain.com}}</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|18|m|ft|0}}.<ref name="nellore geography" />

=== Climate ===

The climate of Nellore city can be placed under the [[tropical savanna climate]] (''As'', closely bordering ''Aw'') category according to [[Köppen climate classification]] which has hot and humid summers and warm winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June. December, January and February are the coolest months. As the [[Bay of Bengal]] is at a distance of {{convert|24|km|mi|0}} from the city, the [[sea breeze]] renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore only receives small amounts of rain from the [[Monsoon of Indian subcontinent|south-west monsoon]]. Most rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the [[Monsoon of Indian subcontinent|north-east monsoon]]. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. [[Cyclone]]s are common in the city during this period, causing floods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|title=Welcome to Nellore|work=ap.nic.in|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131055726/http://nellore.ap.nic.in/geography.htm|archive-date=31 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The maximum temperature is {{convert|36|to|46|C|F}} during summer<ref>{{cite news |title=Nellore and Ongole record season's highest temperatures |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/070519/nellore-and-ongole-record-seasons-highest-temperatures.html |access-date=18 May 2019 |work=Deccan Chronicle |date=7 May 2019 |language=en}}</ref> and the minimum temperature is {{convert|23|to|25|C|F}} during winter. The rainfall ranges from {{convert|700|to|1000|mm|in|abbr=on}} through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |title=District Profile {{!}} Nellore Municipal Corporation |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=23 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023184226/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/district-profile |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Weather box
| location = Nellore (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| Jan record high C = 35.6
| Feb record high C = 39.4
| Mar record high C = 43.9
| Apr record high C = 45.6
| May record high C = 46.7
| Jun record high C = 46.7
| Jul record high C = 42.2
| Aug record high C = 40.6
| Sep record high C = 41.7
| Oct record high C = 40.7
| Nov record high C = 36.9
| Dec record high C = 35.4
|year record high C = 46.7
| Jan high C = 30.2
| Feb high C = 32.4
| Mar high C = 35.3
| Apr high C = 37.8
| May high C = 40.1
| Jun high C = 38.2
| Jul high C = 36.0
| Aug high C = 35.1
| Sep high C = 35.0
| Oct high C = 33.3
| Nov high C = 30.5
| Dec high C = 29.5
|year high C = 34.5
|Jan mean C = 25.5
|Feb mean C = 27.2
|Mar mean C = 29.5
|Apr mean C = 32.0
|May mean C = 33.8
|Jun mean C = 32.7
|Jul mean C = 31.3
|Aug mean C = 30.6
|Sep mean C = 30.4
|Oct mean C = 29.1
|Nov mean C = 27.0
|Dec mean C = 25.4
| Jan low C = 21.1
| Feb low C = 22.2
| Mar low C = 24.1
| Apr low C = 26.5
| May low C = 28.7
| Jun low C = 28.6
| Jul low C = 27.5
| Aug low C = 26.9
| Sep low C = 26.6
| Oct low C = 25.5
| Nov low C = 23.6
| Dec low C = 21.8
|year low C = 25.3
| Jan record low C = 15.0
| Feb record low C = 16.1
| Mar record low C = 17.2
| Apr record low C = 20.2
| May record low C = 20.2
| Jun record low C = 21.1
| Jul record low C = 22.2
| Aug record low C = 21.7
| Sep record low C = 21.5
| Oct record low C = 18.9
| Nov record low C = 16.7
| Dec record low C = 14.4
|year record low C = 14.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 19.7
| Feb rain mm = 2.3
| Mar rain mm = 3.5
| Apr rain mm = 8.7
| May rain mm = 36.1
| Jun rain mm = 40.5
| Jul rain mm = 84.0
| Aug rain mm = 107.6
| Sep rain mm = 97.1
| Oct rain mm = 268.6
| Nov rain mm = 287.9
| Dec rain mm = 111.4
| year rain mm = 1067.4
| Jan rain days = 1.1
| Feb rain days = 0.2
| Mar rain days = 0.2
| Apr rain days = 0.5
| May rain days = 1.1
| Jun rain days = 3.6
| Jul rain days = 5.8
| Aug rain days = 6.5
| Sep rain days = 5.6
| Oct rain days = 8.5
| Nov rain days = 9.0
| Dec rain days = 3.7
| year rain days = 45.8
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 65
| Feb humidity = 61
| Mar humidity = 61
| Apr humidity = 62
| May humidity = 54
| Jun humidity = 52
| Jul humidity = 54
| Aug humidity = 57
| Sep humidity = 62
| Oct humidity = 70
| Nov humidity = 75
| Dec humidity = 70
|year humidity = 62
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Nellore Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 549–550
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M16
| access-date = 19 February 2020}}</ref>
|date=May 2015
|source 2 = Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<ref name=TCC1>
{{cite web
| url = https://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/normal/parts/NrmMonth_e.php?stn=43245
| title = Normals Data: Nellore – India Latitude: 14.45°N Longitude: 79.98°E Height: 19 (m)
| publisher = Japan Meteorological Agency
| access-date = 1 December 2022}}</ref>}}Nellore has been ranked 18th best “National Clean Air City” under (Category 2 3-10L Population cities) in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 September 2024 |title=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |url=https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |website=Swachh Vayu Sarvekshan 2024 |access-date=23 September 2024 |archive-date=14 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914164336/https://prana.cpcb.gov.in/ncapServices/robust/fetchFilesFromDrive/Swachh_Vayu_Survekshan_2024_Result.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
{{bar box
|title=Religion in Nellore<ref name="census2001">{{cite web| title =Census of India – Socio-cultural aspects| publisher =Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs| url =http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx| access-date =2 March 2011| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110520054852/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Social_and_cultural/Religion.aspx| archive-date =20 May 2011| df =dmy-all}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|#FF9933|78.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam]]|#009000|19.03}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity]]|#9955BB|1.59}}
{{bar percent|Others|#808080|0.66}}
|caption=Others include [[Sikh]]s, Buddhist, Jains & [[Parsi]]s
}}
{{As of|2011|pre=the}}{{Update after|2024|11}}{{efn|The planned [[2021 census of India]] was delayed due to the Covid pandemic. As general elections are due in April 2024, further postponement has become necessary. It is now envisaged it will commence in late 2024.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Vijaita |title=Decennial census exercise postponed till September 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/decennial-census-exercise-postponed-till-september-2023/article66343152.ece |work=The Hindu |date=5 January 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Census to be delayed again, deadline for freezing administrative boundaries pushed to January 1, 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/census-delayed-deadline-administrative-boundaries-pushed-8697397/ |work=The Indian Express |date=2 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
[[Census of India|census]], Nellore city had a population of 505,258. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, higher than the state average of 73.00%.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf|title=Cities having population 1 lakh and above|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India|access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Literacy of AP (Census 2011)|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|publisher=AP govt. portal|access-date=11 June 2014|page=43|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213923/http://www.ap.gov.in/AP%20State%20Statistical%20Abstract%20May%202014/2%20AP%20Demography.pdf|archive-date=14 July 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The expanded city population, post-merger of 15 [[gram panchayat]]s into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 631,791<ref>{{cite news|title=Smart wards: Nellore woos industrialists |work=The Hindu |date=26 January 2015 |location=Nellore |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/smart-wards-nellore-woos-industrialists/article6822427.ece |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Historical population<ref name="profile"/>
!Year
!Population
!Growth rate
|-
|1961
|106776
| ---
|-
|1971
|133590
|25.1%
|-
|1981
|237065
|77.5%
|-
|1991
|316606
|33.6%
|-
|2001
|404775
|27.8%
|-
|2011
|558,548
|35.29%
|}

== Education ==
The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided, and private schools of the ''School Education Department'' of the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Education Department |url=http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |publisher=School Education Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151227185018/http://rmsaap.nic.in/Notification_TSG_2015.pdf |archive-date=27 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Department of School Education – Official AP State Government Portal {{!}} AP State Portal |url=http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |website=www.ap.gov.in |access-date=7 November 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107155331/http://www.ap.gov.in/department/organizations/school-education/ |archive-date= 7 November 2016 }}</ref> The medium of instruction followed by different schools are English and [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nellore Municipal Corporation school outshines corporate|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150623/nation-current-affairs/article/nellore-municipal-corporation-school-outshines-corporate|access-date=9 November 2016|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=23 June 2015}}</ref>

Vikrama Simhapuri University is located in Nellore City which offers multiple graduation and post graduation courses to students.

Apart from it, the south headquarters of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM) is also in Nellore.

== Governance ==
[[File:Tikkana Park, Nellore.jpg|thumb|Tikkana Park in Nellore]]

=== Civic administration ===

[[Nellore Municipal Corporation]] was constituted as a municipality on 1 November 1866 by the Madras District Municipality Act.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravikiran|first1=G.|title=Fertile lands turning into concrete jungle|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/fertile-lands-turning-into-concrete-jungle/article5859331.ece|access-date=31 October 2016|work=The Hindu|date=1 April 2014|language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=civicbody>{{cite web|title=Municipalities, Municipal Corporations & UDAs|url=http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|website=Directorate of Town and Country Planning|publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808132411/http://www.dtcp.ap.gov.in/webdtcp/pdf/List%20of%20ULBs.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was upgraded to corporation on 18 October 2004 and has a jurisdictional area of {{convert|150.48|km2|abbr=on}} with 54 wards.<ref name="profile2">{{cite web|title=Municipality Profile|url=http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/municipality-profile|website=Nellore Municipal Corporation|access-date=18 May 2017|language=en|archive-date=19 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619092917/http://nellore.cdma.ap.gov.in/en/municipality-profile|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2013, fifteen gram panchayats namely, Allipuram, Ambhapuram, Buja Buja Nellore, Chinthareddypalem, Gudupallipadu, Gundlapalem, Kallurupalli, Kanaparthypadu, Kodurupadu, Narayanareddypeta, Navalakulathota, Nellore Bit-I (Kothuru), Peddacherukuru, Pottipalem, Vavilatepadhu were merged into the municipal corporation.<ref>{{cite web|title=SPSR NELLORE-District Panchayat|url=http://www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in/hidden/-/asset_publisher/di5XrVERUf8s/content/15-gps-are-merged-into-nellore-municipality|website=www.nellorzp.appr.gov.in|access-date=31 October 2016}}</ref> Present [[mayor]] of the city is Sravanthi.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ravi Kiran |first1=G |title=Civic body gears up to tackle water woes |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/civic-body-gears-up-to-tackle-water-woes/article7095026.ece|access-date=30 April 2015|work=Th Hindu|date=12 April 2015 |location=Nellore}}</ref>

The city is one among the 31 cities in the state to be a part of water supply and sewerage services mission known as ''[[Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation]] (AMRUT)''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Vadlapatla|first1=Sribala|title=Amaravati among 31 AP cities selected for Amruth development|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Amaravati-among-31-AP-cities-selected-for-Amruth-development/articleshow/48431080.cms|access-date=18 December 2015|work=The Times of India|date=11 August 2015|location=Hyderabad}}</ref>

=== Politics ===

Nellore is represented by [[Nellore City (Assembly constituency)|Nellore City assembly constituency]] and [[Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency)|Nellore Rural assembly constituency]] for [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. [[Ponguru Narayana]] is the present [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Nellore City assembly constituency representing [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nellore-city.html|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref> [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]] is the present [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of Nellore Rural assembly constituency representing [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref>{{cite web|title=MLA|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|publisher=AP State Portal|access-date=14 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008071101/http://www.ap.gov.in/government/mla/|archive-date=8 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore City Assembly 2014 Election Results|url=http://www.elections.in/andhra-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/nellore-rural.html|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=14 October 2014}}</ref>

== Culture ==
[[File:Ys eari nellore.jpg|thumb|Nellore water tank]]
{{Further|Sri Moolastaneswara Swamy Temple}}
The residents of the city are generally referred as ''Nelloreans''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Gutti Vankaya curry no more a delicacy |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-11-30/Gutti-Vankaya-curry-no-more-a-delicacy/266297 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=30 November 2016}}</ref> The [[Rottela Panduga]] ([[Roti]] festival) is an annual [[urs]] event celebrated at the [[Bara Shaheed Dargah]] (shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/rottela-panduga-from-nov-4-in-nellore/article6552884.ece|title='Rottela Panduga' from Nov. 4 in Nellore|author=G. Ravikiran|work=The Hindu|date=31 October 2014 }}</ref> The event got its name after the practice of exchanging flat breads and attracts visitors from all religious backgrounds every year and from all over the country and also from foreign countries.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/2-lakh-devotees-throng-bara-shahid-dargah/article6567944.ece|title=2 lakh devotees throng Bara Shahid dargah|author=G. Ravikiran|work=The Hindu|date=5 November 2014 }}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
''Chepala Pulusu (fish curry)'' is a [[non-vegetarian]] recipe of the Nellore district, prepared from [[Korramennu]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Cultured korameenu takes sheen off fish curry |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2017-03-04/Cultured-korameenu-takes-sheen-off-fish-curry/284623 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=4 March 2017}}</ref> Malai Kaja Nellore Famous Sweet is a local [[sweet]] made from [[Maida flour|maida]], [[milk]] and [[sugar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=P. V. |title=Nellore Malai Kaja goes online |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-04-21/Nellore-Malai-Kaja-goes-online/223035 |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The Hans India |date=21 April 2016 |location=Nellore}}</ref>

== Amenities ==
=== Media ===
''Zaminryot'' newspaper, established in 1930,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.zaminryot.com/|title=''Zaminryot'' Home: Longest Living Newspaper in Telegu Journalism| newspaper=Zaminryot|access-date=9 October 2023|language=te}}</ref> and the ''Lawyer Weekly'' newspaper<ref>{{multiref2|1={{cite news|url=http://www.lawyerpatrika.com/|title=హోం పేజి |trans-title=Home page |work=Lawyer Telugu Weekly |language=te |access-date=9 October 2023}}|2={{cite news |title=Lawyer Telugu Weekly {{!}} Lawyer Patrika ePaper Archives |language=te |url=http://www.lawyerpatrika.com/category/epaper/ |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=Lawyer Telugu Weekly}}}}</ref> are based out of Nellore. In addition, Eenadu ''Vaartha AndhraJyothy''<ref>{{cite news |title=వార్త ఆంధ్రజ్యోతి Nellore main edition |language=te |url=https://epaper.vaartha.com/Home/FullPage?eid=31&edate=09/10/2023&pgid=305960 |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=epaper AndhraJyothy Vaartha-Telugu News}}</ref> and ''Sakshi''<ref>{{cite news |title=SPSR Nellore |url=https://www.sakshi.com/andhra-pradesh/psr-nellore |access-date=9 October 2023 |work=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref> newspapers are also printing local editions in Nellore.

=== Transport ===
{{main|Transport in Nellore}}

[[File:Nellore.Rly station. front view.JPG|thumb|Nellore Railway Station]]

Local transport in the city include, two, three and four wheelers.<ref name="traffic">{{cite news|title=Growing number of vehicles cause of traffic chaos in Nellore|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/%E2%80%98Growing-number-of-vehicles-cause-of-traffic-chaos-in-Nellore%E2%80%99/article17293587.ece|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hindu|date=13 February 2017|location=Nellore}}</ref> Of these, privately operated [[auto rickshaw]]s numbered around 6,000 in 2017, dominating most parts of the city for local commuting.<ref name="orr">{{cite news|title=ORR proposed for Nellore to decongest city traffic|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Travel/2017-04-21/ORR-proposed-for-Nellore-to-decongest-city-traffic/294932|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref> [[Nellore bus station]] of the city operates district and long-distance services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bus stations across AP to be linked to PNBS|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/Bus-stations-across-AP-to-be-linked-to-PNBS/article13976957.ece|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hindu|language=en}}</ref> [[Nellore railway station]] is classified as an ''A grade'' and ''Adarsh station'' in the [[Vijayawada railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.scr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1327487244480-Division%20profile-new.pdf |title = Vijayawada Division – a profile| publisher= Indian Railways| access-date = 13 February 2013}}</ref> The city also has three small railway stations namely, {{rws|Nellore South}},<ref>{{cite news|title=Railways will help develop AP|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2016-07-25/Railways-will-help-develop-AP/244477|access-date=4 July 2017|work=The Hans India|language=en}}</ref> [[Vedayapalem railway station|Vedayapalem]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nellore South Railway Station |url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/2253?|website=Indian Railways Trains & Stations – India Rail Info|access-date=18 July 2015}}</ref> and [[Padugupadu railway station]] The [[Southern Railway zone|Southern Railway]] operates [[MEMU]]s regularly for commuting between Nellore and {{rws|Chennai Central}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nellore-Central MEMU services from tomorrow|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2002/11/08/stories/2002110808670300.htm|access-date=4 July 2017|date=8 November 2002|work=[[The Hindu]]|location=Chennai}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> There is also a proposal to build a [[no frills]] airport for the city.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Reddy|first1=B. Dasarath|title=Traffic rise in old airports gives a boost to Andhra's plan to build 6 new runways|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/traffic-rise-in-old-airports-gives-a-boost-to-andhra-s-plan-to-build-6-new-runways-115122200787_1.html|access-date=24 May 2017|work=Business Standard India|date=25 December 2015}}</ref>

The city has a total road length of {{Convert|1189.95|km|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Details of Roads in each ULB of Andhra Pradesh|url=http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|website=Municipal Administration and Urban Development Department|access-date=27 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801101300/http://centralapp.cdma.ap.gov.in:8080/CDMAAPTaxesInfo/RoadDetails.jsp|archive-date=1 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The proposed Outer Ring Road, existing arterial and internal roads helps reduce traffic congestion.<ref name="orr" /> The city is connected with major [[National Highway (India)|National highways]] such as, [[National Highway 16 (India)|National Highway 16]], a part of [[Asian Highway 45]] and [[Golden Quadrilateral]], bypasses the city.<ref>{{cite news|title=NHAI Under Pressure to Lay Another Bypass Road|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/NHAI-Under-Pressure-to-Lay-Another-Bypass-Road/2014/08/25/article2397230.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828105832/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra_pradesh/NHAI-Under-Pressure-to-Lay-Another-Bypass-Road/2014/08/25/article2397230.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2014|access-date=4 June 2016|work=The New Indian Express|date=25 August 2014}}</ref>

== Notable people ==



* [[Acharya Aatreya]], playwright, poet
* [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], playback singer
* [[Venkatesh Geriti]], political activist
* [[Venkaiah Naidu]], Vice President of India
* [[Kalahasti P. Prasad]], electrical engineering researcher and educator
* [[Rajanala Kaleswara Rao]], Telugu actor
* [[Bezawada Gopala Reddy]], Former Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh
* [[Ramana Reddy]], Telugu actor/comedian
* [[Potti Sreeramulu]], Indian Freedom Fighter
* [[Puchalapalli Sundarayya]]
* [[Tikkana]], poet, one of the "Trinity of Poets"
* [[Vanisri]], actress
* [[Shakeela]], actress
* [[Ashwin Hebbar]], Cricketer
* [[Ponguru Narayana]], Politician
* [[Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy]], Politician
* [[Poluboina Anil Kumar]], Politician

== See also ==
* [[List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population|List of urban agglomerations in Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[List of municipal corporations in India#Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Nellore]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nellore}}

{{Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Nellore district}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nellore| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:District headquarters of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Towns in Nellore district]]

Anakaputhur

2026-03-22T05:50:28Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}


{{Infobox settlement
| name = Anakaputhur 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chengalpattu district|Chengalpattu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]] 
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of metropolitan areas in India|Metro]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12.9828|N|80.1264|E|display=inline,title}}
| official_name =
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Chennai Metropolitan Area##Location in Tamil Nadu##Location in India
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| settlement_type = [[Neighbourhood]]
| native_name = 
| area_code =
| population_total = 48050
| postal_code = 600070
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PINs]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| elevation_ft =
| area_total_km2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| leader_title = [[Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name = [[T. R. Baalu|T.R. Baalu]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| leader_title1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|MLA]]
| leader_name1 = [[I. Karunanithi]] ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| leader_title2 = [[Municipal commissioner (India)|Corporation Commissioner]]
| leader_name2 = R. Alagumeena [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name3 = K. Vasanthakumari ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| leader_title4 = [[Deputy mayor|Deputy Mayor]]
| leader_name4 = G. Kamaraj ([[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]])
| registration_plate = [[List of Regional Transport Office districts in India#TN—Tamil Nadu|TN 85]]
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of India|Vehicle Registration]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_footnotes = <ref name=langoff>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |title=52nd report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2014 to June 2015) |page=132 |date=29 March 2016 |work=Ministry of Minority Affairs (Government of India) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf |archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title1 = [[Languages with official status in India|Official]]
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = [[Languages with official status in India|Additional official]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[List of cities in India by population|City]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Tambaram]]
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Law enforcement agency]]
| blank_info_sec1 = [[Tambaram City Police]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban Development Authority (India)|Urban Planning Agency]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority]]
}}
'''Anakaputhur''' is a neighborhood in the city of [[Tambaram]], situated within the [[Chennai metropolitan area|Chennai Metropolitan Area]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].

It is located next to [[Pammal]] on the western side. Anakaputhur was once famous for its traditional weaving business, which has declined due to modern competition. As of 2011, the town had a population of 48,050. Formerly a municipality, it was merged into [[Tambaram Municipal Corporation]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tambaram becomes the 20th municipal corporation of Tamil Nadu, Ordinance promulgated |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2021/nov/05/tambaram-becomes-the-20th-municipal-corporation-of-tamil-naduordinance-promulgated-2379839.html |access-date=2023-09-23 |website=The New Indian Express|date=5 November 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Act No. 5 of 2022 Tamil Nadu |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2022/Act%20No.%205%20of%202022%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |website=PRS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627214611/https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/tamil-nadu/2022/Act%20No.%205%20of%202022%20Tamil%20Nadu.pdf |archive-date=27 June 2022}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|83.55}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|6.01}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|10.09}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.14}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.19}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Anakaputhur had a population of 48,050 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 5,404 were under the age of six, constituting 2,736 males and 2,668 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 15.19% and 0.3% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.03%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of 12146 households. There were a total of 18,103 workers, comprising 24 cultivators, 126 primary agricultural labourers, 382 in house hold industries, 15,517 other workers, 2,054 marginal workers, 16 marginal cultivators, 20 marginal agricultural labourers, 65 marginal workers in household industries and 1,953 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Anakaputhur|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=676925|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Anakaputhur had 83.55% [[Hindus]], 6.01% [[Muslims]], 10.09% [[Christians]], 0.01% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.14% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.19% following other religions and 0.0% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
Anakaputhur is located at {{Coord|12.9828|N|80.1264|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Anakaputtur.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Anakaputhur]</ref>

==Temples==
*Sri Selva Vinayagar Kovil, Anakaputhur
*Sri Srinivasa Perumal Kovil, Anakaputhur,
*Krishnar Kovil,
*Panduranga Swamy Kovil
*Adanji Amman Kovil, Anakaputhur
*Ayodi Amman Kovil
*Angalaparameshwari Amman Kovil
*Sri Varasakthi Vinayagar Thirukovil
*Aallavatta Amman Kovil
*Subramaniya Swamy Thirukkovil
*Arulmigu Anandavalli Sametha Agastheeswarar Temple
*Devi Shri Kanni Amman Koil
*Muthumari Amman Kovil
*TPM (The Pentecostal Mission)
*MPA Church
*Seventh Day Adventist Church
*CSI Church
*Jesus Lives Assemblies of God Church
*St. Antony's RC Church

==Theatres==
*Ganesh Cinemas Hall.
*Velco Cinemas.

==Transport==
Anakaputhur is connected to other parts of Chennai Metropolitan Area by MTC and other private bus operators. Frequent services are available to Poonamallee, Kundrathur, Tambaram, Kilambakkam, Guduvanchery,Vandaloor, Iyyapanthangal, Pattabiram, Pallavaram, Chrompet, Avadi, Keelkattalai, Thiruvallur, Hasthinapuram, Broadway, Mount Road, Adayar, Thiruporur, Paduur, Thiruneermalai, and Pozhichallur. The neighborhood is served by the [[Pallavaram railway station]] of the [[Chennai Suburban Railway|Chennai Suburban Railway Network]] and the nearest airport to Anakaputhur is [[Chennai International Airport]] (3 km).

===[[Regional Transport Office|RTO]]===
RTO : TN85<ref>{{cite web|title=Transport e-Service - Know your Regional Transport Office|url=https://tnsta.gov.in/transport/know_RtoLoad.do}}</ref>

Office : Kundrathur

Address : 115/2D, Kundrathur Main Road, Kovur

Pincode : 600122

==References==
<references/>{{Neighbourhoods of Tambaram|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Tambaram]]

Sarwar Alam

2026-03-21T03:38:04Z

Lucillecrale: starting details!

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sarwar Alam
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2025
| constituency = [[Kochadhaman (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kochadhaman]]
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Izhar Asfi]]
| party = [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
}}
'''Sarwar Alam''' is an Indian politician from [[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]] and a member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kochadhaman Assembly constituency]] seat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Kochadhaman Election Result 2025 Live: AIMIM's Md. Sarwar Alam defeats RJD's Mujahid Alam with 23021 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/kochadhaman-assembly-election-results-2025-live-updates-vote-counting-bihar-jdu-nda-mahagathbandhan-rjd-baelb-2819002-2025-11-14 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Md. Sarwar Alam, KOCHADHAMAN AIMIM Election Results 2025: Md. Sarwar Alam Vidhan Sabha Chunav Political Career, Education, Age, Vote Margin, Income News in Hindi, एमडी सरवर आलम कोचाधामन |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/bihar/candidate-md-sarwar-alam-4428 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=AajTak |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Md Sarwar Alam , KOCHADHAMAN candidate Bihar Election bio : Assets , Total Income , Liabilities , Criminal Cases and other details. |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Bihar2025/md-sarwar-alam-1846/ |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alam, Sarwar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians]]

{{AIMIM-politician-stub}}
{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Shivgad

2026-03-17T22:17:46Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Short description|Fort in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2018}}

{{Infobox Military Structure
|name = Shivgad Fort
|native_name = शिवगड किल्ला
|partof = [[Sahyadri]] Hill Range
|location = [[Kolhapur district]], [[Maharashtra]]
|image = [[File:Shivgad.jpg|300px]]
|caption = Shivgad Fort
|map_type=India Maharashtra#India
| map_size = 300
|map_caption = Shown within [[Maharashtra]]
|type = Hill fort
|coordinates = {{coord|16|24|46.8|N|73|50|32.3|E}}
|materials = Stone
|height = 2400 Mt.
|used =
|condition = Ruins
|ownership = Government of India
|open_to_public = Yes
|controlledby = {{flagcountry|Maratha Empire}} (1739-1818) {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg}} [[East India Company]] (1818-1857)
* {{flagicon image|British Raj Red Ensign.svg}} [[British Raj]] (1857-1947)
{{flagcountry|India}} (1947-)
}}

'''Shivgad Fort ''' ({{langx|mr|शिवगड किल्ला}}) is a fort located 89km from [[Kolhapur]], in [[Kolhapur district]], of [[Maharashtra]]. This fort was an important fort in Kolhapur district as a watch over for the Phonda ghat trade route from Kolhapur to coastal ports. The fort is surrounded by thick forest and hill slopes.

==History==
[[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]] was one of the eleven feudatories (Jehagirs) who controlled shivgad along with Gagangad fort. This fort was under the control of Pant Amatya of Gaganbawda, till the Indian independence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://trekshitiz.com/trekshitiz/Ei/Rohida-Trek-R-Alpha.html |title=Rohida, Western Ghats, Sahyadri, Adventure, Trekking |publisher=Trekshitiz.com |date= |accessdate=2020-01-16}}</ref>

==How to reach from mumbai==
The nearest town is [[Radhanagari]] which is 61km from [[Kolhapur]]. The base village of the fort is Dajipur which is 32km from Radhanagari. The fort can also be trekked from base village Gadgesakhal which is below Phondaghat. It takes about 2 hours to reach from this village. There are good hotels at Radhanagari, now tea and snacks are also available in small hotels at Dajipur and forest check post at Thakyachapada. The trekking path starts from the hillock west of the forest check post. The route is very safe and passes through dense jungle. It takes about an hour to reach the entrance gate of the fort. There is no water on the fort so, the night stay on the fort can not be made. The villagers from the forest check post make night stay and food arrangements at reasonable cost.

==Places to see==
There is one dilapidated gate on the main entrance path of the fort. There are two bastions and a UgvaiDevi sati shila on the fort.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="140px">
File:Shivgad 5.jpg|Main entrance of the Fort
File:Shivgad 4.jpg|Ugwai devi
File:Shivgad 3.jpg|Bastion of the fort
</gallery>

{{coord|16|24|46.8|N|73|50|32.3|E |display=title}}

== See also ==
* [[List of forts in Maharashtra]]
* [[List of forts in India]]
*[[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]]
* [[Marathi people|Marathi People]]
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]]
* [[Maratha War of Independence]]
* [[Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
* [[Maratha Army]]
* [[Maratha titles]]
* [[Military history of India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Forts in Maharashtra}}
{{MarathaEmpire}}
[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:16th-century forts in India]]
[[Category:Forts in Kolhapur district]]

Nabha

2026-03-08T01:18:22Z

Lucillecrale: add content as per guidelines and updated info

{{Short description|City in Patiala (Punjab), India}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nabha
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = Punjabi
Hindi
| other_name =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = Hira Mahal, Nabha.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Hira Mahal of Nabha
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Punjab
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|30.37|N|76.15|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Patiala district|Patiala]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = Sardar Armaan Singh
| named_for =
| government_type = Democratic
| governing_body = Municipal Council Nabha
| leader_title1 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)]]
| leader_name1 = Gurdev Singh (Dev Maan)
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 246
| population_total = 95,000
| population_as_of = 2023
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 147201
| area_code = 91-(0)1765
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = PB-34
| website =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
}}
'''Nabha''' is a city and [[municipal council]] in the [[Patiala district]] in the south-west of the Indian state of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]. It was the capital of the former [[Nabha State]]. Nabha is also a sub-division city which comes under Patiala district.<ref name="EB1911">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Nabha|volume=19|page=147}}</ref>

==Geography==

Nabha is located at {{Coord|30.37|N|76.15|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/23/Nabha.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Nabha]</ref> It has an average elevation of 246 metres (807 feet).

==Demographics==

{{As of|2001}} India census,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Nabha had a population of 67,972. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Nabha has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 69%. In Nabha, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

== Modern Nabha ==
{{unreferenced section|date=October 2016}}
In 1947, Nabha formed a part of [[Patiala]] and East Punjab States Union ([[PEPSU]]). At a subsequent reorganization, Patiala was created as a district and Nabha formed a subdivision in [[Patiala District]].

The modern Nabha is a thriving if somewhat dusty town (about 25 kilometers from [[Patiala]]). Nabha is famous as a manufacturing hub of [[combine harvester]]s.

Like many other cities of India, Nabha has landmarks called "gates" which roughly circumscribe the city. In Nabha, these are Patiala Gate, Alhoran Gate, Dulladi Gate, Mehs Gate and Bouran Gate.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Nabha}}
* [http://www.uq.net.au/%7Ezzhsoszy/ips/n/nabha.html Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Nabha]
* [http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/india/xnabha.html History Of Nabha]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141014223945/http://www.sikh-history.com/sikhhist/gurus/nanak7.html Guru Har Rai Connection]

{{Patiala district}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Patiala district]]

Bess Allen Donaldson

2026-03-05T20:41:47Z

Lucillecrale: adding basic details initial version

{{Infobox person/Wikidata
|fetchwikidata=ALL
|dateformat=mdy|suppressfields=restingplace
}}

'''Bess Allen Donaldson''' (December 7, 1879 – December 20, 1974) was an American [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] missionary in [[Iran|Persia]] and [[India]].

Bess Allen Donaldson was born on December 7, 1879 in [[Galesburg, Illinois]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Peter |date=2011 |title=DONALDSON, BESS ALLEN |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/donaldson |access-date=2025-03-04 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}</ref> She graduated from [[Knox College (Illinois)|Knox College]] and worked as a teacher in Illinois.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Shavit |first=David |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatesinmi0000shav/page/96/ |title=The United States in the Middle East : a historical dictionary |date=1988 |publisher=New York : Greenwood Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-313-25341-6}}</ref> In 1910, she went to [[Tehran]] as a missionary with the [[Presbyterian Mission Agency|Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions]], where she worked as a teacher and later principal of the Iran Bethel Girls' School. In Tehran in 1916, she married Dwight Martin Donaldson, a missionary who began working in [[Mashhad|Mašhad]] in 1915. They worked in the country until 1940, when missionaries were expelled and schools nationalized in Iran. The couple then lived in India, where her husband was principal of the [[Henry Martyn Institute]] of Islamic Studies at [[Aligarh]]. They retired in 1951. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Both Donaldson's wrote extensively about the Middle East. Bess Donaldson published ''The Wild Rue: A Study of Muhammadan Magic and Folklore in Iran'' (1938), a study of everything from childbirth practices to burial practices. She also wrote a pair of memoirs, ''Prairie Girl: Memoirs of the Midwest'' (1971) and ''Prairie Girl in Iran and India'' (1972).<ref name=":0" />

Bess Allen Donaldson died on 20 December 1974 in [[Lakeland, Florida]].<ref name=":0" />

== Bibliography ==

* ''The Wild Rue: A Study of Muhammadan Magic and Folklore in Iran'' (London, 1938)<ref name=":0" />
* ''Prairie Girl: Memoirs of the Midwest'' (Galesburg, Ill., 1971)<ref name=":0" />
* ''Prairie Girl in Iran and India'' (Galesburg, Ill., 1972)<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Donaldson, Bess Allen}}
[[Category:Created via preloaddraft]]
[[Category:1879 births]]
[[Category:1974 deaths]]
[[Category:American Presbyterian missionaries]]
[[Category:American women writers]]
[[Category:People from Galesburg, Illinois]]

Mere Lal

2026-03-04T03:54:34Z

Lucillecrale: refine structure also per standard format

{{short description|1966 film directed by Satyen Bose}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mere Lal
| image = Mere Lal.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Satyen Bose]]
| producer = Jyotsna Sen
| story = [[Nihar Ranjan Gupta]]
| based_on = 
| starring = Dev Kumar [[Indrani Mukherjee]] [[Mala Sinha]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| cinematography = Marshall Braganza
| editing = Mukhtar Ahmed
| studio = S. S. Chitra Mandir
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1966}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Mere Lal''''' ({{translation|My Son}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[Satyen Bose]] and produced by Jyotsna Sen. It is a remake of the 1963 [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Badshah'', based on the story of [[Nihar Ranjan Gupta]]. The film stars Dev Kumar, [[Indrani Mukherjee]] and [[Mala Sinha]]. It focuses on a stone-hearted [[Dacoity|dacoit]] who, when thrust with the responsibility of bringing up a lost child he finds on a riverbank, mends his ways and becomes an honest wage-earner.

== Plot ==
Badshah is a stone-hearted [[Dacoity|dacoit]]. One day he goes to rob a house, but the arrival of the police forces him to flee. He hides at a place where he finds a girl named Jamna kidnapped and tied; he rescues the girl, who works as a street dancer. Jamna develops an immediate liking for Badshah, despite knowing his profession. One day, Badshah sees one of his enemies and pursues him on a small boat in the [[Ganges]]. But the boat drowns in the flood. Badshah survives and finds a young boy crying at the shore. The boy was trapped in the flood and actually belonged to a married couple of the village. Badshah cannot bring himself to leave the boy alone, so he takes the boy. He goes to Jamna to give her the child so that she can take care of him. But she refuses, thinking the child is Badshah's son. Badshah takes responsibility of the child who he names Bacchu.

Developing a deep attachment towards Bachhu, Badshah redeems himself by abandoning dacoity. Elsewhere, Bacchu's biological mother Madhu is grief-stricken at having lost her only child. Badshah begins making a living by singing and dancing on the streets. Ten years later, he falls ill one day and Bacchu goes to sing alone, at which point he meets his mother. Both Madhu and her husband recognise Bachhu as their son by his locket. They go to Badshah to seek permission for taking Bacchu along with them. After initial hesitation, Badshah assents so that Bacchu can have a better home and education. But both Badshah and Bacchu are really sad to have parted from each other. Badshah falls ill and his condition seriously deteriorates. Bacchu flees from his home to meet Badshah, but by the time he arrives, Badshah has already died.

== Cast ==
* Dev Kumar as Badshah<ref name="NGH">{{Cite web |url=https://ngh.co.in/mere-lal-3aex-5098-condition-70-75-cover-colour-photostate-angel-first-pressing-lp-record.html |title=Mere Lal – 3AEX 5098 – (Condition – 70-75%) – Cover Colour Photostate – Angel First Pressing – LP Record |website=NGH |access-date=6 January 2019}}</ref>
* [[Indrani Mukherjee]] as Jamna<ref name="NGH" />
* [[Mala Sinha]] as Madhu<ref name="NGH" />

== Production ==
''Mere Lal'', a remake of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] film ''Badshah'', was directed by [[Satyen Bose]] and produced by Jyotsna Sen under S. S. Chitra Mandir. It was edited by Mukhtar Ahmed, and photographed by Marshall Braganza.<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=Mere Lal |type=motion picture |language=Hindi |publisher=S. S. Chitra Mandir |year=1966 |time=0:00 to 2:00 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by the duo [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1966 |title=Mere Lal |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mere-lal/vt05fhlxxvk_ |access-date=6 January 2019 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 20:58
| title1 = Yeh Kahte Hai Baba Mere
| lyrics1 =
| extra1 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length1 = 3:22
| title2 = Lal Tera Yug Yug Jiye Mata
| lyrics2 =
| extra2 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length2 = 3:27
| title3 = Meri Patli Qamar Lambe Baal
| lyrics3 =
| extra3 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length3 = 3:30
| title4 = Jab Tak Yeh Sansar Nachaye
| lyrics4 =
| extra4 = [[Usha Mangeshkar]], [[Mukesh (singer)|Mukesh]]
| length4 = 3:31
| title5 = Payal Ki Jhankar Raste Raste
| lyrics5 =
| extra5 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length5 = 3:33
| title6 = Badal Roye Naina Roye
| lyrics6 =
| extra6 = Lata Mangeshkar
| length6 = 3:35
}}

== Release and reception ==
K. L. Arora of the magazine ''Thought'' wrote, "Though it is not as tear-strung a film as [Bose's] other productions, yet ''Mere Lal'' has a few poignant moments which would melt the tears of the stone-hearted among the audience." He praised the performance of Kumar as Badshah but criticised Braganza's cinematography, and a scene where a doctor prescribes a water-soaked cloth massage on the forehead of a pneumonia patient, saying "Not even a [[quackery|quack]] would do that."<ref name="ThoughtReview">{{Cite magazine |last=Arora |first=K. L. |date=30 July 1966 |title=Cinema {{!}} Mere Lal (My Son) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KAIdAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Mere+Lal+%28My+Son%29%22 |magazine=Thought |publisher=Siddhartha Publications |pages=20, 22}}</ref> The film was commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Sathe |first=V. P. |year=1967 |title=Foreign Locales in Hindi films (with both eyes on the box-office) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HZTAAAAYAAJ&q=Pathlaag+mera+saaya |magazine=Film World |volume=3 |pages=155}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0156792}}

[[Category:1966 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:1966 drama films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Nihar Ranjan Gupta]]
[[Category:Films directed by Satyen Bose]]
[[Category:Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Bengali films]]
[[Category:Hindi-language drama films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

College Road (film)

2026-03-03T02:39:52Z

Lucillecrale: started first details and citations

{{Short description|2022 Tamil language drama film}}
{{No plot|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = College Road
| image = College Road.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Jai Amar Singh
| writer = Jai Amar Singh
| producer = Praveen Sarath
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Lingesh]]
* [[Monica Chinnakotla]]
* [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]]
}}
| cinematography = Karthick Subramaniyam
| editing = Ashok H. Anthony
| music = [[OfRo]]
| studio = MP Entertainment
| distributor = PVR Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2022|12|30}}
| runtime = 124 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''College Road''''' is a 2022 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by Jai Amar Singh and starring [[Lingesh]], [[Monica Chinnakotla]], [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]] and Bommu Lakshmi in the lead roles. It was released on 30 December 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=மலர் |first=மாலை |date=2022-12-05 |title=கல்வி நிலையங்களின் பிரச்சினைகளை பேசும் படம் 'காலேஜ் ரோடு' |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-college-road-movie-update-545181 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080812/https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/tamil-cinema-college-road-movie-update-545181 |archive-date=2023-01-03 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.maalaimalar.com |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=இயக்குநர் பா. ரஞ்சித் பாராட்டிய 'காலேஜ் ரோடு' |url=http://www.virakesari.lk/article/142287 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081106/https://www.virakesari.lk/article/142287 |archive-date=2023-01-03 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Virakesari.lk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-25 |title=Lingesh-starrer 'College Road' talks about boon and bane of education loan for students |url=https://navjeevanexpress.com/lingesh-starrer-college-road-talks-about-boon-and-bane-of-student-loans/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Navjeevan Express}}</ref>

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Lingesh]] as Ajay
* [[Monica Chinnakotla]] as Kiran
* [[Ananth Nag (Tamil actor)|Ananth Nag]] as Arul
* Akshay Kamal as Rajesh
* Bommu Lakshmi as Swetha
* Madras Vinoth as Maaran
* Adavadi Ansar
* Maheswaran Gandhi
}}

== Production ==
The film marked the directorial debut of Jai Amar Singh, who previously assisted director [[I. Ahmed]] on ''[[Endrendrum Punnagai]]'' (2013). He wrote the script in 2016 based on his experiences accumulated during his education at [[University of Bedfordshire]] in the UK and the process of applying for it. The film's title was derived from the name of the noted road in Chennai that serves as a link route to a few colleges in the city, including [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] and [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris College]].<ref name="ss">{{Cite web |date=2021-08-23 |title='College Road' is a Thriller about a Lesser-Known Issue Often Faced by Students, Says Director Jai Amar Singh |url=https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/college-road-is-a-thriller-about-a-lesser-known-issue-often-faced-by-students-says-director-jai-amar-singh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229012700/https://silverscreenindia.com/movies/news/college-road-is-a-thriller-about-a-lesser-known-issue-often-faced-by-students-says-director-jai-amar-singh/ |archive-date=2022-12-29 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Silverscreen India}}</ref> The film marked the first lead role for actor [[Lingesh]], who had previously played supporting roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2022 |title=Lingesh plays the lead in College Road! |url=https://chennaivision.com/lingesh-plays-the-lead-in-college-road/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101003943/https://chennaivision.com/lingesh-plays-the-lead-in-college-road/ |archive-date=2023-01-01 |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref>

Production began in October 2020 in Chennai and was wrapped up in 25 days. The team shot at an IT company and used CGI shots to get the look of the setting correct. Singh noted that he drew inspiration from the sets in ''[[Kadhalar Dhinam]]'' (1999) for the film.<ref name="ss" />

== Reception ==
The film was released on 30 December 2022 across Tamil Nadu. A reviewer from ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' gave the film a middling review.<ref>{{Cite web |last=தினத்தந்தி |date=2023-01-02 |title=காலேஜ் ரோடு: சினிமா விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/college-road-film-review-870558 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102181615/https://www.dailythanthi.com/Cinema/Review/college-road-film-review-870558 |archive-date=2023-01-02 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.dailythanthi.com |language=ta}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Maalai Malar]]'' called the film "enjoyable", while a reviewer from ''[[Dinamani]]'' also praised the film's story.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 2023 |title=College Road |url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/college-road-25112 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118001531/https://www.maalaimalar.com/movie-review/college-road-25112 |archive-date=2023-01-18 |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=6 January 2023 |title=கல்வி உரிமையை பேசும் காலேஜ் ரோடு: திரைவிமர்சனம்- Dinamani |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/jan/06/college-road-movie-review-3979713.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117221447/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2023/jan/06/college-road-movie-review-3979713.html |archive-date=2023-01-17 |access-date=2023-01-18}}</ref> Critic Malini Mannath noted "''College Road'' is at its best a promising effort by a debutant director and his team".<ref>{{Cite web |last=malinimannath |date=2023-01-02 |title=Review- College Road |url=https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2023/01/02/review-college-road/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103080820/https://malinimannath.wordpress.com/2023/01/02/review-college-road/ |archive-date=2023-01-03 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=Malini Mannath}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=டிவி |first=தந்தி |date=2023-01-02 |title=அண்ணே ஒரே ஒரு selfie திடீரென TTF வாசனை சூழ்ந்த ரசிகர்கள் காலேஜ் ரோடு படத்தை பார்த்த TTF வாசன் |url=https://www.thanthitv.com/latest-news/bro-only-one-selfie-is-ttf-vasan-after-watching-the-movie-college-road-159501 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103081102/https://www.thanthitv.com/latest-news/bro-only-one-selfie-is-ttf-vasan-after-watching-the-movie-college-road-159501 |archive-date=2023-01-03 |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=www.thanthitv.com |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|24655230}}

[[Category:2022 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
[[Category:2022 films]]

{{2020s-Tamil-film-stub}}

Renthlei Lalrawna

2026-02-28T11:35:50Z

Lucillecrale: done

{{Infobox person
| name = Renthlei Lalrawna
| birth_date = 22 December 1940
| birth_place = Dawn, Lunglei district, Mizoram, India
| education = Pachhunga Memorial College, Gauhati University
| occupation = Writer, Translator, Educational Administrator
| known_for = Chief Editor of Gilzom Publication, Mizo literature
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2025), Bhasha Samman (2023)
}}

'''Renthlei Lalrawna''', born on 22 December 1940, is an Indian [[Mizo language|Mizo-language]] writer, translator, and educational administrator.<ref name="padma">{{cite web |title=Shri Renthlei Lalrawna - Padma Awards Citation |url=https://www.padmaawards.gov.in/Document/pdf/CitationsForTickets/2025/2025111.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=Government of India}}</ref> He is recognized for his contributions to Mizo literature and language promotion. He served as the Joint Director of School Education in Mizoram and is the Chief Editor of Gilzom Publication.<ref name="at">{{cite news |date=January 26, 2025 |title=From The Arabian Nights to Padma Shri: Meet Mizoram's master translator, R Lalrawna |url=https://assamtribune.com/north-east/from-the-arabian-nights-to-padma-shri-meet-mizorams-master-translator-r-lalrawna-1566001 |access-date=February 28, 2026 |work=[[The Assam Tribune]]}}</ref> In 2025, the [[Government of India]] awarded him the [[Padma Shri]] for his services in the fields of literature and education.<ref name="itne">{{cite news |date=January 26, 2025 |title="I developed my passion for translation since class 8": Padma Shri awardee R. Lalrawna |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/mizoram/video/i-developed-my-passion-for-translation-since-class-8-padma-shri-awardee-r-lalrawna-1160970-2025-01-26 |access-date=February 28, 2026 |work=[[India Today NE]]}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Lalrawna was born in the village of Dawn, located in the [[Lunglei district]] of [[Mizoram]].<ref name="padma" /> He completed his primary and secondary education locally before earning a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree from Pachhunga Memorial College in 1963. He later pursued further studies, obtaining a [[Master's degree]] from [[Gauhati University]] in 1975.<ref name="vang">{{cite news |date=May 31, 2025 |title=Pu Rawna Padma award dawn lawmpuina |url=https://www.vanglaini.org/article/151163 |access-date=February 28, 2026 |work=Vanglaini}}</ref>

== Career in education ==
Lalrawna began his career as a Lower Division Clerk and gradually advanced within the Education Department of the [[Government of Mizoram]].<ref name="padma" /> He eventually became the Joint Director of School Education, specifically heading the Adult Education Wing.<ref name="gazette">{{cite web |date=January 23, 1998 |title=The Mizoram Gazette - Part I |url=https://mizoramassembly.in/storage/Assembly/Gazette/GN/GZGN27ISS_004.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=Government of Mizoram}}</ref> During his tenure, he formulated action plans, produced textbooks, and launched state-wide literacy campaigns. He collaborated with various non-governmental organizations, including the Young Mizo Association, Mizo Hmeichhe Insuihkhawm Pawl, churches, and village councils, to promote adult education.<ref name="diprmwa">{{cite web |date=July 23, 2024 |title=Education Minister In Mizo Writers Association Foundation Day A Hmanpui |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/education-minister-in-mizo-writers-association-foundation-day-a-hmanpui |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=Directorate of Information & Public Relations, Mizoram}}</ref> These initiatives contributed significantly to the literacy rate of Mizoram, which increased from 59 percent in the 1981 census to 88.49 percent in 1991, making Mizoram the state with the second-highest literacy rate in India. He retired from government service on January 1, 2003.<ref name="at" />

== Literary contributions ==
Lalrawna is a prominent novelist, essayist, and critic in the Mizo language. He has authored fourteen original volumes and translated fifteen books from English into Mizo.<ref name="itne" /> His translations include works by [[William Shakespeare]], [[Marie Corelli]], [[Lloyd C. Douglas]], [[Jules Verne]], Franklin G. Slaughter, and [[John Bunyan]]. He also met [[Mother Teresa]] in Calcutta and subsequently wrote a book about her and the Missionaries of Charity.<ref name="padma" /> In addition, Lalrawna compiled a widely used collection of Mizo songs titled ''Mizo Rohlu''. Two of his books and one essay have been prescribed in the academic syllabi by the [[Mizoram Board of School Education]] and [[Mizoram University]].<ref name="diprmei">{{cite web |date=June 26, 2025 |title=School Education Minister-in Meichher Golden Jubilee 2025 lawmna hun a hmanpui |url=https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/school-education-minister-in-meichher-golden-jubilee-2025-lawmna-hun-a-hmanpui |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=Directorate of Information & Public Relations, Mizoram}}</ref> He is the Chief Editor of Gilzom Publication and was instrumental in the founding and editing of ''Meichher'', a Mizo literary magazine.<ref name="vang2">{{cite news |date=June 3, 2025 |title=Mizorama hun inlûmlet kara teak hlutna |url=https://www.vanglaini.org/article/151247 |access-date=February 28, 2026 |work=Vanglaini}}</ref>

== Administrative roles and recognition ==
Lalrawna has served as the President of the Mizo Writers Association. He is an expert member of the Mizoram Publication Board and a member of the Mizo Language Committee.<ref name="padma" /> For his literary contributions, he received a Literary Award from the Mizo Writers Association. The Sahitya Akademi conferred the Bhasha Samman on him for the year 2023, which was officially presented on August 29, 2024.<ref name="sahitya">{{cite web |title=Bhasha Samman Awardees |url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/Bhasha-Samman_Suchi.pdf |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref><ref name="dataful">{{cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi Awards: Year, Author and Language-wise Bhasha Samman Awards |url=https://dataful.in/datasets/1354/ |access-date=February 28, 2026 |publisher=Dataful}}</ref> In 2025, he was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] by the Government of India.<ref name="itne" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|India|Literature}}
[[Category:1940 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Mizo-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:Writers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:Gauhati University alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature and education]]

Bairagi Brahmin (caste)

2026-02-21T06:28:39Z

Lucillecrale: enhance lead per standard format for clarity

{{Short description|Caste in India}}
{{Distinguish|text = the [[Celibate Ascetics (Vairagi)]]}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{{Infobox caste
| caste_name = Vaishnav Brahmin
| image= Swami Ramanandacharya.jpg
| caption = [[Ramananda]]
| region =
| state =
| populated_states ='''India''' [[Uttar Pradesh]] • [[Gujarat]] • [[Rajasthan]] • [[Haryana]] • [[Bihar]] • [[Jharkhand]] • [[Madhya Pradesh]] • [[Himachal Pradesh]] • [[Uttarakhand]] • [[Rajasthan]] • [[Punjab]] • [[Maharastra]] • [[Chhattisgarh]] • [[Odisha]] • [[West Bengal]] • [[Haryana]] • [[Tamil Nadu]] • [[Tripura]]
 '''Nepal''' [[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]]
| languages = [[Hindi]] • [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]] • [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] • [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] • [[Assamese language|Assamese]] • [[Braj Bhasha]] • [[Maithili language|Maithili]] • [[Magahi language|Magahi]] • [[Angika]] • [[Bajjika]] • [[Nagpuri language|Nagpuri]] • [[Bagheli language|Bagheli]] • [[Bundeli language|Bundeli]] • [[Kannauji language|Kannauji]] • [[Kauravi dialect|Kauravi]] • [[Haryanvi]] • [[Bagri language|Bagri]]•
[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] • [[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] • [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] • [[Odia language|Odia]] • [[Bengali language|Bengali]] • [[Marathi language|Marathi]] • [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| religions =[[File:Om symbol.svg|15px|]] [[Hinduism]]
| varna = Brahmin
| guru =[[Ramananda]] • [[Tulsidas]] • [[Nabha Dass]] • [[Ramanuja]] • [[Krishnadas Payahari]]
| country = [[India]] • [[Nepal]]
||feudal_title= [[Mahant]]/[[Swami]]/Bawa
|caste_name_in_local=[[Swami]] • [[Vaishnav]] • [[Mahant]]
|status=Monasterial Community
|kula_daivat=[[Rama]] • [[Krishna]] • [[Satyanarayana Puja|Satyanarayana]] • (Avatars of [[Vishnu]]) • [[Hanuman]]
|kula_devi=[[Sita]] • [[Radha]] • [[Rukmini]] • [[Tulasi in Hinduism|Tulsi]] • [[Bhumi (goddess)|Bhudevi]] • (Avatars of [[Lakshmi]])
|color=[[Saffron (color)|Saffron]], red, yellow, or white
|historical_grouping=[[Brahmin]]
|classification=[[Ramanandi Sampradaya]] • [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] • [[Rudra Sampradaya|Vishnuswami Sampradaya]] • [[Brahma Sampradaya|Madhvacharya Sampradaya]]<ref name="Pinch 1996 https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27">{{cite book |title=Peasants and monks in British India |first=William R. |last=Pinch |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27]}}</ref>
|nishan=Kapidhwaj ([[Hanuman]] on [[Flag]])
|jati=
|original_kingdom=}}

'''Bairagi Brahmin''' or '''Vaishnav Bairagi''' or '''Vaishnav Brahmin''' is a [[Hindu]] [[caste]]. They are [[Hindu priest]]s. They are sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) [[Brahmin]] members of the [[Vaishnava]] [[sampradaya]]s, especially the [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464612474165 | doi=10.1177/0019464612474165 | title=Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800 | date=2013 | last1=Moran | first1=Arik | journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review | volume=50 | pages=1–25 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> According to [[Kumar Suresh Singh|K.S. Singh]], the community uses different [[surname]]s/[[titles]] in different [[states and union territories of India]]; these are: [[Swamy (surname)|Swami]], Bairagi, [[Mahant (disambiguation)#People with the surname|Mahanta]], [[Maraj|Maharaj]], Vaishnav, Bawa, [[Pandit (surname)|Pandit]], [[Purohit]], [[Goswami]], [[Sharma]], [[Das (surname)|Das]], [[Adhikari]], [[Brahmachari (disambiguation)#People|Brahmachari]].<ref name="hello">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&dq=Bairagi+Pandit&pg=PA1088|title=PEOPLE OF INDIA, National Series Volume VIII, Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles : Anthropological Survey of India|author=K.S. Singh|year=1996|page=1089|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-563357-1}}</ref> They are Vaishnav, and wear the [[sacred thread]]. A majority{{Vague|reason=Meaning that most of Bairagi Brahmin live there?
or, that Bairagi Brahmin form the majority in these states?|date=September 2025}} of Bairagi Brahmin is found in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]], [[West Bengal]], [[Assam]], and [[Odisha]]. Vaishnavas are considered to be part of the 'upper castes' of India.<ref>Nirmal Kumar Bose, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/538569?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Aca9958bc27117d4fff1fe622b317a09d&seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents Some Aspects of Caste in Bengal], p. 399, Vol. 71, No. 281, Traditional India: Structure and Change, American Folklore Society</ref>

==Vaishnav Sect and Vaishnav Brahmin Caste==
===Vaishnav Sect===
Members of [[vaishnava]] [[sampradayas]] are called Bairagi or Vairagi. And these members are divided into three categories – renunciant ('''Virakt'''), [[warrior]] ('''Naga''') and temple-dwelling (temple priest) ascetics. The most of renunciant and warrior are unmarried ascetics. Anyone can be member of these communities.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464612474165 | doi=10.1177/0019464612474165 | title=Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800 | date=2013 | last1=Moran | first1=Arik | journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review | volume=50 | pages=1–25 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> But there are evidences of different meetings of vaishnava mahants who have decided that member of anyone caste could not be member of the community.

"Decision was taken by all the vaishnava [[mahants]] that no one would be member of the community except [[Brahmin]] and [[Kshatriya]]. And other castes excluded from the community." – [[Galtaji|Galta]] [[Temple]] Meeting, 1713.<ref name="Pinch 1996 https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27">{{cite book |title=Peasants and monks in British India |first=William R. |last=Pinch |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27]}}</ref>

Another case was of [[Sawai Jai Singh|Maharaja Jai Singh II]], [[king]] of [[Kingdom of Amber|Jaipur State]] held a meeting with all Vaishnavas mahants.

"Decision was taken that other castes would not be part of bairagis except [[Brahmin]] and [[Kshatriya]]." – Meeting of [[Sawai Jai Singh|Maharaja Jai Singh II]] with Ramanandi mahants and other vaishnava to maintain strict [[caste]] rules, 1720.<ref>{{cite book |title=Peasants and monks in British India |first=William R. |last=Pinch |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/28 28]}}</ref>

Maharaja Jai Singh II obtained pledges from Ramanandi mahants and other vaishnava to maintain strict [[caste]] rules.

Senugupta describes them as a High caste group.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Senugupta|first=Parna|title=Pedagogy for Religion: Missionary Education and the Fashioning of Hindus and Muslims in Bengal|publisher=University of California Press|year=2011|pages=104, 112}}</ref> According to [[Horace Arthur Rose|H.A. Rose]], in the [[Punjab]] and [[Haryana]], most of Bairagis were recruited from [[Jats]].<ref name="hey">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LPsvytmN3mUC&dq=Brahmin+Bairagi&pg=PA36|title=A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province A.-K · Volume 2|author=Horace Arthur Rose|year=1997|page=36|publisher=Nirmal Publishers and Distributors|isbn=9788185297699}}</ref> Bairagi Sect in bengal is mainly formed by [[Pod (caste)|Poundra]], [[Karan (caste)|Kayastha]], [[Rajbongshi people|Rajbanshi]] Castes in [[Gaudiya Sampradaya]].

Vaishnavas were liberals but in the practice [[Brahmin]] Vaishnavas (Vaishnava Brahmins) took [[food]] only from another [[Brahmins]].<ref name="hey"/>

William Pinch believes that the Bairagi branch of Vaishnavas is the result of the [[Bhakti Movement]] in 1000th CE.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Choubey|first=Devendra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E9ry1df8VA4C&dq=bairagi+william+pinch&pg=PA282|title=Sahitya Ka Naya Soundaryashastra|publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan|isbn=978-81-89859-11-4|pages=282|language=hi}}</ref>

===Bairagi Brahmin Caste===

'''Bairagi Brahmin''' caste is formed of sedentary rasik (temple dwelling or temple priest) [[Brahmin]] members of the [[vaishnava]] [[sampradaya]]s especially the [[Ramanandi Sampradaya]]. They are the members of [[vaishnava]] [[sampradayas]]. They are married and they have families. And rights of [[priesthood]] pass to their [[Lineal descendant|descendants]]. It is found that Bairagi [[Brahmins]] are priest in the most of villages and cities.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0019464612474165 | doi=10.1177/0019464612474165 | title=Toward a history of devotional Vaishnavism in the West Himalayas: Kullu and the Ramanandis, c. 1500–1800 | date=2013 | last1=Moran | first1=Arik | journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review | volume=50 | pages=1–25 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

According to Mayer, Status of Bairagis is equal with other [[Brahmins]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mayer|first=Adrian C.|title=Caste and Kinship in Central India|publisher=Routledge|year=1960|pages=28–29. 36–39}}</ref>

==Structure of Bairagi Brahmins==
Bairagi brahmins are divided into four [[Sampradaya]]s - often referred to collectively as the 'Chatur-Sampradaya'. 1. [[Rudra Sampradaya]] ([[Vishnuswami]]), 2. [[Sri Sampradaya]] ([[Ramanandi Sampradaya|Ramanandi]]), 3. [[Nimbarka Sampradaya]] and 4. [[Brahma Sampradaya]] ([[Madhvacharya]]).<ref name="Pinch 1996 https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27">{{cite book |title=Peasants and monks in British India |first=William R. |last=Pinch |publisher=University of California Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-520-20061-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/peasantsmonksinb0000pinc/page/27 27]}}</ref>

==Akharas==
There are three prominent Bairagi [[Vaishnavism|(Vaishnav)]] [[Akhara]]s:<ref name=relDis1>{{cite book | editor-last=Jacobsen | editor-first=Knut A. | title=South Asian Religions on Display: Religious Processions in South Asia and in the Diaspora | publisher=Psychology Press | publication-place=London | date=2008 | isbn=978-0-415-43736-3 | page=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jāyasavāla|first=Akhileśa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DT9uAAAAMAAJ&q=ramanandacharya+bairagi|title=18vīṃ śatābdī meṃ Avadha ke samāja evaṃ saṃskr̥ti ke katipaya paksha: śodha prabandha|date=1991|publisher=Śāradā Pustaka Bhavana|language=hi}}</ref>
* [[Digambara#Digambar akhara|Digambar Akhara]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=बाकी अखाड़ों से अलग कैसे है 'दिगंबर अखाड़ा'?|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/knowledge/everything-you-need-to-know-about-shree-digambar-akhada-1625366.html|access-date=2021-06-14|website=News18 India|date=19 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Nirmohi Akhara]]
* [[Hanuman Garhi Temple|Nirvani Akhara]]

[[File:Hanuman Garhi Temple, a major religious site in Ayodhya utter pradesh.jpg|thumb|[[Hanuman Garhi Temple]], a major site of Ramanandi Bairagis in [[Ayodhya]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].]]

==Mahabharat==
The [[Mahabharata]] says that once, after [[Babruvahana]] dug a dry pond, a Bairagi Brahmin reached the centre of pond and instantly water came out of the pond with a thunderous noise.<ref name="hi">{{citation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Jk6oE4sh18C&dq=bairagi+brahmin&pg=PA100|title=India and Nepal : Sacred Centres and Anthropological Researches|author=Makhan Jha|year=1998|page=100|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. |isbn=81-7533-081-3}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Bihar]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Delhi]]
[[Category:Brahmin communities of Uttar Pradesh]]

2014 Jadavpur University protests

2026-02-19T05:05:32Z

Lucillecrale: adding basic article needs work

{{Short description|2014 student protests of Jadavpur University}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title = Hokkolorob Movement
| subtitle = Hok kolorob Andolon
| partof =
| image = Students Rally against Vice Chancellor - Jadavpur University - Kolkata 2015-01-08 2457.JPG
| caption = Students rally against the vice chancellor at Jadavpur University campus, Kolkata, circa 8 January 2015
| date = 3 September 2014 – 12 January 2015
| place = [[Kolkata]], [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Chennai]], [[Guwahati]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allevents.in/chennai/rally-in-solidarity-with-the-protesting-students-of-jadavpur-university,-kolkata-at-iit-madras/297545717114583|title=Rally in solidarity with the protesting students of Jadavpur University, Kolkata at IIT Madras|publisher=|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> India
| coordinates =
| causes = * Laxity in the investigation of an alleged case of molestation on campus
* Police brutality on unarmed students taking part in a ''non-violent sit in demonstration''
| goals = * An unbiased, transparent, fast investigation of the allegation with appropriate legal committee according to vishakha guidelines.
| methods = * [[Demonstration (people)|Demonstrations]]
* [[Internet activism]]
*[[Hashtag activism]]
| status = '''Successful'''
* Resignation of the Vice Chancellor Abhijit Chakraborty
| side1 = '''Protestors'''
*{{flagicon image|SFI-flag.svg}}[[Students' Federation of India]] 
*{{flagicon image|Cpm election symbol.svg}}[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| side2 = {{Tree list}}
* {{flagicon image| }}[[Government of West Bengal]]
** {{flagicon image|}}[[West Bengal Police]]
**{{flagicon image|}}[[Kolkata Police]]
{{tree list/end}} {{Tree list}}
*{{flagicon image|AITC New Logo.png}}[[Trinamool Congress]]
***{{flagicon image|Trinamool Chhatra Parishad flag.svg}}[[Trinamool Student Congress|Trinamool Chhatra Parishad]]
{{tree list/end}}
| injuries = 40
| arrests = 37
}}

On 16 September 2014, peaceful demonstrations by students took place in front of the administrative building of the University, demanding an investigation into the alleged molestation of a female student in campus. After several unsuccessful attempts at dialogue with the authorities, the students [[gherao]]ed some personnel of the university authority, including Vice-Chancellor Abhijit Chakrabarti. The vice-chancellor called the police, who dispersed the students by force in the early hours of 17 September. This triggered a wave of protests by students and teachers.

Criticisms of the force included that police used [[baton charge]] on a peaceful demonstration, that female students were manhandled and molested by male police officers, and that several men who were not in uniform attacked the students. The police maintained that there were plainclothesmen among their ranks while the students insist that these were [[Trinamool Congress]] (the ruling party of the state of [[West Bengal]]) cadres. The official position of the [[Calcutta Police]] is that "minimum lawful force" was applied to escort the vice-chancellor and other members of the committee out of the university.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kolkata Traffic Police|url=https://www.facebook.com/KolkataTrafficPolice/posts/713470545367889|website=Facebook|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Online-brickbats-for-cops-after-late-night-post/articleshow/42834674.cms| title=Online brickbats for cops after late-night post| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref>

Demonstrations showing solidarity with the students started in Kolkata and across India, including in [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], [[Hyderabad]], and [[Bengaluru]].<ref name="ju support 1">{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-20/news/54135425_1_police-lathicharge-jadavpur-university-protest-march|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924052846/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-20/news/54135425_1_police-lathicharge-jadavpur-university-protest-march|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2014|title=Protest in Delhi against police lathicharge on Jadavpur University students| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="ju support 2">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-students-of-iit-mumbai-march-for-counterparts-at-jadavpur-university-2019680|title=Students of IIT Mumbai march for counterparts at Jadavpur University|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]| accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="ju support 3">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140919/nation-current-affairs/article/jadavpur-university-fiasco-professor-steps-down-refuses-show |title=Jadavpur University fiasco: Professor steps down, refuses to show reason| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Kolkata-students-find-voice-in-Blore/articleshow/43105653.cms | title=Kolkata students find voice in B'lore| newspaper=[[The Times of India]] | accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> There was progressively increasing turnout in protest marches in Kolkata;<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140919/jsp/frontpage/story_18851045.jsp#.VCCuCfmSySo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140922235012/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140919/jsp/frontpage/story_18851045.jsp%23.VCCuCfmSySo|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2014| title=Kolkata: 6000-strong message to CM; Rally reflects anti-govt mood| newspaper=[[The Telegraph, Calcutta]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref> it culminated in a rally on 20 September, at the end of which a delegation of students met [[Governor of West Bengal]], [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/cities/kolkata-protest-march-by-students-governor-intervenes-595359| title=Kolkata: Protest March by Students, Governor Intervenes| newspaper=[[NDTV]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref> Estimates of participants in the rally fluctuate between thirty thousand and a hundred thousand people.<ref name="naach">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/30000-march-in-rain-to-seek-Jadavpur-VCs-scalp/articleshow/43033605.cms# | title=30,000 march in rain to seek Jadavpur VC's scalp| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| accessdate=21 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="gaan">{{cite news|title=JU-bagh at heart of city|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140921/jsp/bengal/story_18857210.jsp#.VCCwbPmSySo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140922235007/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140921/jsp/bengal/story_18857210.jsp%23.VCCwbPmSySo|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Telegraph, Calcutta]]| accessdate=23 September 2014|date=21 September 2014}}</ref>

The protests had a strong cultural flavour: students sang, danced, and arranged diverse cultural manifestations throughout the days during the demonstration. The protests have a large oeuvre of posters, graffiti, poems, songs, slogans, street plays, and performances dotting the university campus and the streets of Kolkata.<ref name="naach"/><ref name="gaan"/> It led the Trinamool Congress to link this protest to the [[Naxalite|student movements of the 1970s]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Guv-seeks-report-on-JU-fiasco-police-lay-blame-at-VC-door/articleshow/42836098.cms| title=Governor seeks report on Jadavpur University fiasco, police lay blame at VC door| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref> It is one of the first movements in India to significantly employ social media and internet activism for coordination and dissemination.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hokkolorob-movement-takes-social-media-by-storm-1-lakh-jadavpur-university-students-march-against-the-vc-to-protest-against-sexual-assault/500938-79.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924082357/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/hokkolorob-movement-takes-social-media-by-storm-1-lakh-jadavpur-university-students-march-against-the-vc-to-protest-against-sexual-assault/500938-79.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2014| title=#Hokkolorob movement takes social media by storm; 1 lakh Jadavpur University students march against the VC to protest against sexual assault| newspaper=[[IBN Live]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref>

==Origins==

On 28 August, a female second-year student at Jadavpur University was dragged into the Old Boys' Hostel on campus and molested, and her male friend beaten up, by 10 residents of the hostel.<ref name="molest times">{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Internal-inquiry-ordered-into-Jadavpur-University-molestation/articleshow/41634410.cms| title=Internal inquiry ordered into Jadavpur University molestation| newspaper=[[The Times of India]]| accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref><ref name="ju molest dna">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-student-molested-beaten-up-by-classmates-in-kolkata-s-jadavpur-university-2015869 | title=Jadavpur University molestation case: Girl's father was asked to come back after two days by college authorities | newspaper=[[Daily News & Analysis]]| date= 3 September 2014|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref> According to the girl's father, when he approached the interim vice-chancellor, Abhijit Chakrabarti, on 1 September, he was told to wait for a couple of days as Chakrabarti was going to [[New Delhi]].<ref name="ju molest dna" /> The father lodged a police complaint on 2 September and sent a letter to the University authorities on 3 September, upon which an internal inquiry was ordered in the Vice-Chancellor's absence, believed to be at the behest of state Education Minister [[Partha Chatterjee (politician)|Partha Chatterjee]].<ref name="molest times" /> An Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) was formed in accordance with the [[The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013|Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013]] to investigate the matter. However, the committee was compromised when two of its members visited the girl's home in [[Bidhannagar, Kolkata|Bidhannagar]] on 5 September, refusing to identify themselves and asking questions about her dress on the night of the incident. It led to the girl filing a general diary with the Bidhannagar police station on 6 September for [[harassment|"mental harassment"]]; in the diary she identified them as professors of the Sanskrit and Women's Studies Departments of Jadavpur University.<ref>{{cite news|title=ইউজিসি দলেই বিরোধ, অনাস্থা বিশ্বাভারাতীতেও|url=http://www.epaper.eisamay.com/Details.aspx?id=13645&boxid=15835484|newspaper=[[Ei Samay]] |accessdate=24 September 2014|date=7 September 2014|quote= The title translates to 'Disputes Within the UGC, Distrust at Visva Bharati'. The relevant subsection is in green, titled "তদন্তকারীদের বিরুদ্ধে নালিশ" (trans.:'Complaint Against Investigators'). It outlines that two professors had visited on Friday evening [September 5] and that the complaint was made on Saturday night [September 6]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Harass complaint|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140908/jsp/calcutta/story_18811971.jsp#.VCHIfPmSySo|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140923231308/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140908/jsp/calcutta/story_18811971.jsp%23.VCHIfPmSySo|url-status=dead|archive-date=23 September 2014|newspaper=[[The Telegraph, Calcutta]] |accessdate=24 September 2014|date=8 September 2014}}</ref>

A number of students then staged demonstrations demanding that the accused ICC committee members be replaced, as well as forming an "external committee", effectively the Local Complaint Committee (LCC) which was recommended by the Sexual Harassment Act, and demanding increased security for students within the campus. It was not acceptable to the vice-chancellor, but at the same time, he asked the students to wait until after the meeting of the executive councils on the evening of 16 September. At the meeting of the executive councils it was decided that it is not possible for a panelist to be replaced at some intermediate point of an investigation. The inability to replace panelists according to University officials, is mandated in the [[Vishaka Guidelines]] of the Supreme Court. The officials instead presented a letter which talked about students' code of conduct, totally deviating from the demands of the students.

On the evening of 16 September after the meeting of the executive councils finished, students encircled some of the university officials, including Vice-Chancellor Chakrabarti, in their offices. After several attempts to communicate and reach an understanding between the officials and the students, the situation reached an impasse, and the students continued their demonstration into the night. The vice-chancellor summoned police for protection.

===2014 student unrest===
In 2014, Jadavpur University experienced significant student demonstrations. The protests centered around issues of campus governance and administrative policies, leading to widespread mobilization among the student body.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/youth-movements/story/20220103-jadavpur-university-unrest-2014-let-there-be-noise-1892269-2021-12-25 | title=Jadavpur University unrest 2014: Let there be noise | website=India Today | date=25 December 2021 }}</ref>

==Timeline==

===17 September===
The [[Kolkata Police]] arrived at the scene around 8 pm. Senior officials from the police department tried to negotiate with the students but could not come to a settlement. At around 2 am on 17 September, the lights at the entrance to the administrative building were suddenly turned off. It was followed by police assault on students, lifting the ''gherao'' and as a result completing the rescue operation. The police beat up several students and arrested 36. Some students were injured, and needed to be hospitalized.<ref name="incident dna">{{cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-jadavpur-university-molestation-case-protesting-students-beaten-up-by-police-and-outsiders-2-critically-injured-2019279| title= Jadavpur University molestation case: Vice Chancellor says demonstrators thrashed him; Trinamool Congress government feels political heat| newspaper=Daily News & Analysis| date= 17 September 2014|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref>

Students say that the police force was aided by several civil-dressed outsiders (cadres of [[Trinamool Congress]], according to students). The gherao was dismantled and the vice chancellor was escorted off the campus by the police. It was immediately followed by a road block by the students in front of the Jadavpur police station. Students have alleged that female students were manhandled by the police force.

====Criticism====
The incident of the beating of students by the police sparked nationwide reaction, with a high amount of protest on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Videos of the attack on the students surfaced on the internet and TV channels.

===20 September===
Students of the university have boycotted classes since the incident of police brutality. On 20 September, a rally was organized by students in the heart of the city, and was attended by students from the university, other educational institutions, and the general populace in a spontaneous outburst of outrage at the brutality with which the opposition to authority was stamped out.<ref name="ibn rally">{{cite web| url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jadavpur-university-molestation-students-hold-massive-rally-in-kolkata-over-police-action/500486-3-231.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140920215254/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jadavpur-university-molestation-students-hold-massive-rally-in-kolkata-over-police-action/500486-3-231.html| url-status=dead| archive-date=20 September 2014| title=Jadavpur University molestation: Students hold massive rally in Kolkata over police action | publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]| date= 20 September 2014| accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref> The rally ended peacefully with student representatives holding a meeting with the [[Governor of West Bengal]], [[Keshari Nath Tripathi]], who was also the chancellor of the university.<ref name="express rally">{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/jadavpur-university-students-hold-march-demand-vcs-resignation-governor-intervenes/| title=Jadavpur University students hold march, demand VC's resignation; governor intervenes |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]]|date= 20 September 2014| accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref> Estimates of the number of participants in the rally vary between 30,000 and over 100,000 people.<ref name="naach"/><ref name="gaan"/> On the same day, protest demonstrations were held in several other Indian cities, showing solidarity with the students of Jadavpur University.

===22 September===
On 22 September, a rally was arranged by the ruling Trinamool Congress party against the students. According to newspaper reports, school and college students from suburban and rural areas were dragged to the rally in order to showcase the power of the ruling party. The agitating students of Jadavpur University were mocked through slogans and posters.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-22/news/54199137_1_trinamool-chhatra-parishad-facebook-post-jadavpur-university |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218033847/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-22/news/54199137_1_trinamool-chhatra-parishad-facebook-post-jadavpur-university |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2014 |title=Trinamool mocks Jadavpur University students' agitation |newspaper=The Economic Times|date=22 September 2014|accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref>

===25 September===
The Pro-Vice Chancellor of Jadavpur University resigned on 25 September 2014,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/provicechancellor-of-ju-resigns/article6447782.ece|title=Pro-Vice-Chancellor of JU resigns|author=Staff Reporter|work=The Hindu|date=26 September 2014|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> citing that he was not part of the decision to call police inside university campus.

===7 October===
On 7 October, notwithstanding protests by students demanding the resignation of the Interim Vice-Chancellor Chakrabarti, the Governor of West Bengal Keshrinath Tripathy, who is also the chancellor of the university, appointed Chakrabarti as the vice-chancellor for a period of four years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/now-chakrabarti-is-jadavpur-vicechancellor/article6477840.ece|title=Now, Chakrabarti is Jadavpur Vice-Chancellor|author=Special Correspondent|work=The Hindu|date=7 October 2014|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref>

===16 October===
Marking a month since the police crackdown against agitating students at the University, students held a fire-torch rally in the evening and 700 students undertook a 24-hour hunger strike. The campus was full of posters and graffiti; students wore black badges, burned effigies of the vice-chancellor, and shouted slogans demanding his resignation.
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jadavpur-university-students-teachers-hold-rallies-classes-affected/506643-3-231.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017094050/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/jadavpur-university-students-teachers-hold-rallies-classes-affected/506643-3-231.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 October 2014|title=Jadavpur University students, teachers hold rallies, classes affected|work=IBNLive|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref>

===18 October===
Classes began at JU on 18 October, but students refused to record attendance. Open air classes were held by professors as a mark of protest.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Jadavpur-University-students-attend-open-air-classes/articleshow/44829993.cms|title=Jadavpur University students attend open-air classes|date=16 October 2014|newspaper=The Times of India|accessdate=26 October 2018}}</ref>

===24 December===
Final year students who were to accept their graduation certificates and medals personally from the vice chancellor on 24 December refused to do so calling for a boycott of the convocation ceremony. A last-minute decision by the authorities to have the chancellor distribute the certificates rather than the vice chancellor, didn't stop protests. The chancellor was greeted with black flags and posters on entering the campus. The top graduating student from the arts faculty, Gitasree Sarkar, politely refused to accept her certificate and medal in the presence of the vice chancellor as a mark of protest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/protesting-jadavpur-university-students-refuse-to-accept-medal-from-governor-639535.html|title=Protesting JU students refuse to accept medals from Governor|work=NDTV}}</ref> Other students followed suit and refused as well. The vice chancellor left the venue in the middle of the convocation ceremony.

===5 January 2015===
Students who had been attending classes without recording attendance as a sign of protest, intensified their protest by announcing a "fast unto death" strike on 5 January 2015. Ten students started the fast. In the ensuing days at least three of the eleven students were hospitalized. However more students joined and by 11 January, the number had swelled to at least 17.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}} Parents announced a token fast of 24 hours on 12 January.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/parents-of-ju-students-to-join-strike/article6778920.ece|title=Parents of JU students to join strike|newspaper=The Hindu|date=12 January 2015}}</ref>

===12 January 2015===
After the "fast unto death" of almost 160 hours with active involvement from students, parents, and non-students members,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/parents-join-students-hunger-strike-at-jadavpur-university-647451|title=Parents Join Students' Hunger Strike at Jadavpur University}}</ref> the education minister arrived at JU on 12 January in an attempt to negotiate and persuade students to call off the fast. The chief minister of [[West Bengal]], [[Mamata Banerjee]] arrived at JU shortly after. About 6:30 pm and after meeting with university officials, the chief minister emerged from the meeting and announced the vice chancellor's resignation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iamin.in/en/jadavpur/news/mamata-banerjee-sacks-jadavpur-university-vc-50241|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118154600/http://www.iamin.in/en/jadavpur/news/mamata-banerjee-sacks-jadavpur-university-vc-50241|url-status=unfit|archive-date=2015-01-18|title=Mamata Banerjee sacks Jadavpur University VC}}</ref>

==Support==
Students, alumni, and teachers from major educational institutions in the city and from colleges from across the country have supported the protests.<ref>{{cite news|last1=News Service|first1=Indo Asian|title=Protest in Delhi over Jadavpur University incident|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/protest-delhi-over-jadavpur-university-incident-133253843.html|accessdate=21 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/news/india/jadavpur-university-ju-protest-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-big-student-protest-against-molestation-on-campus-156004/|title=Jadavpur University (JU) protest: All you need to know about the big student protest against molestation on campus|work=India.com|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topfivebuzz.com/biggest-student-movements-in-indian-history/|title=Five Biggest Student Movements in Indian History|accessdate=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223075406/http://www.topfivebuzz.com/biggest-student-movements-in-indian-history|archive-date=2014-12-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> Alumni of the university arranged for demonstrations in [[New York City|New York]], [[London]], and [[Sydney]].<ref name="nysydlon kolorob">{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/mamata-banerjee-s-nephew-appears-to-mock-jadavpur-university-protests-595884?curl=1411528302|title=Mamata Banerjee's Nephew Appears to Mock Jadavpur University Protests| publisher=NDTV|date=22 September 2014|accessdate=23 September 2014|last=Banerjie|first=Monideepa}}</ref> Participants of the [[2013 Shahbag protests]] in [[Bangladesh]] expressed solidarity with the protests.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.oneindia.in/india/bangladesh-activists-support-jadavpur-students-1527558.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140925014622/http://news.oneindia.in/india/bangladesh-activists-support-jadavpur-students-1527558.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 September 2014 |title=Bangladesh activists support Jadavpur students|date=23 September 2014 |accessdate=23 September 2014|work=OneIndia}}</ref> A citizen's convention condemning the police brutality was arranged in the university campus on 24 September, which was attended by eminent educationists and intellectuals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/west-bengal/intellectuals-condemn-police-action-in-jadavpur-university_1475155.html | title=Intellectuals condemn police action in Jadavpur University|publisher= Zee News| date=24 September 2014 |accessdate=24 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topfivebuzz.com/5-reasons-why-you-should-support-ju-students-movement-in-kolkata/|title=5 Reasons Why You Should Think Twice About JU Students Movement in Kolkata|accessdate=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223225802/http://www.topfivebuzz.com/5-reasons-why-you-should-support-ju-students-movement-in-kolkata|archive-date=2014-12-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Opposition==
While students demanded an apology and resignation from the vice-chancellor, he said that he felt his life was threatened by the student protest which was why he called police.<ref name="vc life threatened">{{cite news| url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/i-feared-for-my-life-jadavpur-vc-114091701102_1.html| title=I feared for my life: Jadavpur VC | newspaper=Business Standard India | publisher= Zee News|date=17 September 2014| accessdate=23 September 2014| agency=Press Trust of India }}</ref>

The Commissioner of Police said in a press conference that police came on to the campus only at the request of the vice-chancellor. He accused students of offending police officers by using foul language to them. He also said that police were not carrying any lathis, so there was no question of any [[baton charge]] (lathi charge). It provoked criticism, as several video clips showed officers carrying lathis.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}}

The main contention by the authorities (both the university and the state government), is that the students were not peaceful, and that the lives and safety of university officials, including the vice-chancellor, were under real and tangible threat from the students. Another point which was raised by the administration was the large presence of "outsiders" among the protesters-students and others who were not currently affiliated with Jadavpur University. According to Vice-Chancellor Chakrabarti in an interview with a news channel, the outsiders-alleged to be from rival political parties or to be drug-dealers who supply the student population-were the main element of the rowdiness that justified the use of punitive force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/Hokkolorob-Let-There-Be-Clamour/292026|title=#Hokkolorob: Let There Be Clamour | last=Sengupta| first=Suddhabrata|work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|outlook]]| date=23 September 2014|accessdate=23 September 2014}}</ref>

==Influence==

After the events at Jadavpur University, three other West Bengal universities, [[Presidency University, Kolkata|Presidency University]] in Kolkata, [[Burdwan University]] in [[Bardhaman]], and [[Visva Bharati]] in [[Shantiniketan]] have seen similar student unrest. "The agitation in Presidency started predominantly due to the lack of information provided to students," says Suman Sen, a student of the university.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/deserting-the-classroom-for-the-streets-115021401378_1.html|title = Deserting the classroom for the streets|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 14 February 2015|last1 = Ghosh|first1 = Kamalika}}</ref>

After the administration's decision which abolished the 50 percent internal quota<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141202/jsp/bengal/story_19138127.jsp#.VIWgZzHF-So|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141212154825/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141202/jsp/bengal/story_19138127.jsp%23.VIWgZzHF-So|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2014|title=Teachers support Visva quota|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> for [[Visva Bharati]]'s two school [[Patha Bhavana]] and [[Siksha Satra]] in undergraduate and postgraduate courses, about 400<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141125/jsp/bengal/story_19084150.jsp#.VIWhejHF-So|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141212154820/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1141125/jsp/bengal/story_19084150.jsp%23.VIWhejHF-So|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 December 2014|title=Students protest Visva quota scrap|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> students blocked the entry to the central and vice-chancellor's offices to protest. The protest resulted in class and annual examination boycotts. Speaking against the internal quota [[Amartya Sen]] remarked, "If our interest lies not in the greater good of the society, if our only concern is limited to the academic opportunism that would benefit our own children, and to this end we employ quotas, then it is safe to say that there is a fundamental lack in the thought process".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tinpahar.com/height-india/502 |title = STOP Boycotting Classes! {{!}} Tinpahar |accessdate=2015-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220191754/http://tinpahar.com/height-india/502 |archivedate=2015-02-20 }}</ref>

[[Siddharth Sivakumar]] who is an alumnus of [[Patha Bhavana]], wrote in an article, "Those who have been drawing parallels between our and the Hokkolorob movement are misreading the situation. Hokkolorob was relevant in its unique context, but its application elsewhere as a readymade imported frame for protest may not yield the same results. While it was a movement by university students, ours was primarily by young school students, even students who are a good few years away from any public examinations or admission tests."{{citation needed|date=March 2023}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikinews|Students protest against police action in Jadavpur University, Kolkata}}
* [https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140917/nation-crime/article/jadavpur-university-molestation-case-police-goons-allegedly-beat Article by Deccan Chronicle.]
* [http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/jnu-students-protest-near-banga-bhavan/article6431007.ece JNU students protest near Banga Bhavan, The Hindu.]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Kolkata-students-find-voice-in-Bangalore/articleshow/43119668.cms Kolkata students find voice in Bangalore, Times of India]
* [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-29307120 BBC India: Jadavpur University boycott to continue despite inquiry, BBC]
* [http://prasundutta.com/2014/09/23/hokkolorob/ #hokkolorob]

{{Campus violence in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jadavpur University protests, 2014}}
[[Category:Student strikes]]
[[Category:Student protests in India]]
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in India]]
[[Category:2014 protests]]
[[Category:2014 in education]]
[[Category:2010s in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Jadavpur University]]
[[Category:2014 in India]]

1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election

2026-02-12T11:58:08Z

Lucillecrale: further improve formatting for consistency further and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|State assembly election in India}}
{{For|Lok Sabha election|1991 Indian general election in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly Election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| previous_year = 1987
| next_election = 1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election
| next_year = 1996
| election_date = {{Start date|1991|06|18}}
| seats_for_election = All 140 seats in the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
| majority_seats = 71
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=K._Karunakaran_(image).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=E.K.Nayanar 1.jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=80|cHeight=100|oLeft=13|oTop=11}}
| leader1 = [[K. Karunakaran]]
| leaders_seat1 = [[Mala, Kerala|Mala]]
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| alliance1 = United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| seats1 = 55
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 22
| last_election1 = 33
| popular_vote1 =
| percentage1 =
| swing1 =
| leader2 = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| party2 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| alliance2 = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| leaders_seat2 = [[Thrikaripur]]
| seats2 = 28
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 10
| last_election2 = 38
| popular_vote2 =
| percentage2 =
| swing2 =
| map_image = India-KERALA.svg
| map_size = 150px
| map_caption = '''Kerala, India''' Kerala, one of the states in [[South India]], has an electorate of more than 21 million people.
| map2_image = [[File:Kerala Alliance wise Result in 1991.svg]]
| map2_caption = Alliance wise structure
| map2_size = 200px
| title = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| posttitle = [[Chief Minister of Kerala|Chief Minister]]
| before_election = [[E. K. Nayanar]]
| before_party = Left Democratic Front (Kerala)
| after_election = [[K. Karunakaran]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403020518/http://www.kerala.gov.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4217&Itemid=3226|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 April 2013|title=Ninth Kerala Legislative Assembly|date=3 April 2013|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>
| after_party = United Democratic Front (Kerala)
| turnout = 73.42%
}}

The '''1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election''' was held on 18 June 1991 to elect members to the [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|Niyamasabha]]. The incumbent [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] government, which was in power from 1987, decided to seek a fresh mandate one year ahead of the expiry of its term. The decision was prompted by the announcement of the elections to the [[Lok Sabha]] and the Front's good showing in the elections to the local bodies held in the previous year.

The elections saw the LDF losing power and the [[United Democratic Front (Kerala)|UDF]] returning to power after four years. [[K. Karunakaran]], the leader of the UDF alliance, was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the state on 24 June 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Assembly Elections 1991-- brief backgrounder|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/brief91.html|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.keralaassembly.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Isaac|first1=T. M. Thomas|last2=Kumar|first2=S. Mohana|date=1991|title=Kerala Elections, 1991: Lessons and Non-Lessons|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=26|issue=47|pages=2691–2704|issn=0012-9976|jstor=4398338}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|title=History of kerala legislature – Government of Kerala, India|website=kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=14 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814235820/https://kerala.gov.in/history-of-kerala-legislature|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralacm.gov.in/electoral-history-chief-minister-kerala/|title=Electoral History|website=Official Website of Kerala Chief Minister|language=en-US|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821125852/http://www.keralacm.gov.in/electoral-history-chief-minister-kerala/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/who-is-who/government-politics/oommen-chandy.html|title=Oommen Chandy Biography: Family, Political Career, Criticisms & Awards|date=3 February 2018|website=Who-is-who|language=en|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtKe6XV8z7wC&pg=PA392|title=The Politics of India Since Independence|last=Brass|first=Paul R.|date=8 September 1994|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521459709|language=en}}</ref>

This was the final election in which the two major fronts were led by K. Karunakaran and E.K. Nayanar respectively.

== Results ==

Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/electionhistory.html|title=CEO Kerala :: Election History|website=www.ceo.kerala.gov.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.keralaassembly.org/sum91.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election 1991: Summary|website=www.keralaassembly.org|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mgutheses.in/page/titles_view.php?q=T%201086&word=S|title=Online Thesis Search Results|website=www.mgutheses.in|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Party Wise Results<ref>{{Cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1991 to the Legislative Assembly of Kerala|url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|url-status=live|website=ceo.kerala.gov.in|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216144409/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in:80/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2012 }}</ref>'''
!colspan=10|[[File:India Kerala Legislative Assembly 1991.svg]]
|-
!Party
!Seats
|----
|[[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]]
|55
|----
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Communist Party of Indian (Marxist) (CPM)]]
|28
|----
|[[Indian Union Muslim League|Muslim League (MUL)]]
|19
|----
|[[Communist Party of India|Communist Party of India (CPI)]]
|12
|----
|[[Kerala Congress (M)|Kerala Congress (M) (KCM)]]
|10
|----
|[[Janata Dal|Janata Dal (JD)]]
|3
|----
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha|Indian Congress (Socialist-Sarat Chandra Sinha) ICS(SCS)]]
|2
|----
|[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP)]]
|2
|----
|[[National Democratic Party (Kerala)|National Democratic Party (NDP)]]
|2
|----
|[[Kerala Congress|Kerala Congress (KEC)]]
|1
|----
|Communist Marxist Party (CMP)
|1
|----
|[[Communist Marxist Party|Communist Marxist Party of India (CPM)(K)]]
|1
|----
|Independent (IND)
|4
|-
!Total
!140
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Detailed constituency-wise Results<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/pdf/KLA/KL_1991_ST_REP.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 1991 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF KERELA|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA|year=1992|pages=4–7}}</ref>'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/kerala/assembly-constituencies/1991-election-results.html|title=Kerala Assembly Election Results in 1991|website=www.elections.in|access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data-analytics.github.io/Election_Data/kerala.html|title=ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS 1957 – 2016(Kerala)|last=Sushanth|website=data-analytics.github.io|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
!'''Sl No.'''
!Constituency Name
!Category
!Winner Candidates Name
!Gender
!Party
!Vote
!Runner-up Candidates Name
!Gender
!Party
!vote
!Margin
!Winner
|----
|1
|Manjeshwar
|GEN
|Cherkalam Abdullah
|M
|MUL
|29603
|K.G. Marar
|M
|BJP
|28531
|1072
|IUML
|----
|2
|Kasaragod<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/explained/who-is-o-rajagopal-bjps-first-mla-in-kerala-2808801/|title=This is O Rajagopal, BJP's first legislator ever in Kerala|date=19 May 2016|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|GEN
|C.T. Ahamdali
|M
|MUL
|39143
|Sri Krishna Bhat
|M
|BJP
|24269
|14874
|IUML
|----
|3
|Udma
|GEN
|[[P. Raghavan]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rPxpuw-tTBIC&q=1991+Kerala+Legislative+Assembly+election&pg=PA237|title=Politics of Congress Factionalism in Kerala Since 1982|last=Kurup|first=G. Radhakrishna|date=2004|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|isbn=9788178352848|language=en}}</ref>
|M
|CPI(M)
|47169
|K.Po. Kunhikannan
|M
|INC
|46212
|957
|CPI(M)
|----
|4
|Hosdrug<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ramachandran|first=V. K.|date=2 January 2018|title=Economic planning in Kerala|journal=Critical Asian Studies|volume=50|issue=1|pages=155–163|doi=10.1080/09548963.2017.1421746|s2cid=198744055|issn=1467-2715}}</ref>
|(SC)
|M. Narayanan
|M
|CPI
|60536
|Kottara Vasudev
|M
|INC
|53858
|6678
|CPI
|----
|5
|Trikaripur
|GEN
|[[E.K. Nayanar]]
|M
|CPM
|69437
|Sreedharan C.K.
|M
|INC
|55105
|14332
|CPI(M)
|----
|6
|Irikkur
|GEN
|K.C. Joseph
|M
|INC
|62395
|Goorge Sebastian
|M
|KEC
|45647
|16748
|INC
|----
|7
|Payyannur
|GEN
|C.P. Narayanan
|M
|CPM
|66530
|M.P. Murali
|M
|INC
|48365
|18165
|CPI(M)
|----
|8
|Taliparamba
|GEN
|Pacheni Kunhiaraman
|M
|CPM
|65973
|M.K. Raghavan
|M
|INC
|55273
|10700
|CPI(M)
|----
|9
|Azhikode
|GEN
|E.P. Jayarajan
|M
|CPM
|51466
|C.P. Moosankutty
|M
|CPM(K)
|43757
|7709
|CPI(M)
|----
|10
|Cannanore
|GEN
|N. Ramakrishnan
|M
|INC
|51742
|A.K. Saseendran
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|36937
|14805
|INC
|----
|11
|Edakkad
|GEN
|O. Bharathan
|M
|CPM
|54965
|K. Ssudhakaran
|M
|INC
|54746
|219
|CPI(M)
|----
|12
|Tellicherry
|GEN
|K.P. Mamoo Master
|M
|CPM
|48936
|A.D. Mustaffa
|M
|INC
|41550
|7386
|CPI(M)
|----
|13
|Peringalam
|GEN
|K.M. Sooppy
|M
|MUL
|49183
|P.R. Karup
|M
|JD
|47534
|1649
|IUML
|----
|14
|Kuthuparamba
|GEN
|Pinaray Vijayan
|M
|CPM
|58842
|P. Ramakrishnan
|M
|INC
|45782
|13060
|CPI(M)
|----
|15
|Peravoor
|GEN
|K.P. Noorudheen
|M
|INC
|60212
|Ramachandran Kadannapally
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|51834
|8378
|INC
|----
|16
|North Wynad
|(ST)
|K. Raghavan Master
|M
|INC
|50685
|K.C. Kuniharaman
|M
|CPM
|43150
|7475
|INC
|----
|17
|Badagara
|GEN
|K. Chandrasekharan
|M
|JD
|59820
|K.C. Abu
|M
|INC
|47336
|12484
|JD
|----
|18
|Nadapuram
|GEN
|Satyyan Mokeri
|M
|CPI
|60053
|P. Shaduli
|M
|MUL
|52427
|7626
|CPI
|----
|19
|Meppayur
|GEN
|A. Kanaran
|M
|CPM
|58362
|Kadameri Balakrishnan
|M
|INC
|49038
|9324
|CPI(M)
|----
|20
|Quilandy
|GEN
|M.T. Padma
|F
|INC<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/red-spring-for-the-left-in-india-s-kerala-state/|title="Red Spring" for the left in India's Kerala state|last=Prashad|first=Vijay|date=14 June 2016|website=People's World|language=en-US|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|56642
|C. Kunhamed
|M
|CPI
|54139
|2503
|INC
|----
|21
|Perambra
|GEN
|N.K. Radha
|F
|CPM
|58978
|K.A. Devassia
|M
|KEC
|54562
|4416
|CPI(M)
|----
|22
|Balusseri
|GEN
|A.C. Shanmukhadas
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|52470
|P. Shankaran
|M
|INC
|42758
|9712
|ICS
|----
|23
|Koduvally
|GEN
|P.V. Mohammed
|M
|MUL
|51793
|C. Mohasin
|M
|JD
|51395
|398
|IUML
|----
|24
|Calicut- I
|GEN
|[[A. Sujanapal]]
|M
|INC
|53079
|M. Dasan
|M
|CPM
|49319
|3760
|INC
|----
|25
|Calicut- II
|GEN
|M.K. Muneer
|M
|MUL
|52779
|C.P. Kunhu
|M
|CPM
|48896
|3883
|IUML
|----
|26
|Beypore
|GEN
|T.K. Hamza
|M
|CPM<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/elections/kerala-assembly-elections-oommen-chandy-hopes-to-create-history-by-retaining-power-116051100399_1.html|title=Kerala assembly elections: Oommen Chandy hopes to create history by retaining power|last=Team|first=BS Web|date=11 May 2016|work=Business Standard India|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|66683
|K. Madhavan Kutty
|M
|IND
|60413
|6270
|CPI(M)
|----
|27
|Kunnamangalam
|(SC)
|C.P. Balan Vudiar
|M
|CPM
|47946
|A. Balaram
|M
|INC
|46788
|1158
|CPI(M)
|----
|28
|Thiruvambady
|GEN
|A.V. Abdurahimanhat
|M
|MUL
|50767
|[[P. Cyriac John]]
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|44665
|6102
|IUML
|----
|29
|Kalpetta
|GEN
|K.K. Ramachandran Master
|M
|INC
|46488
|K.K. Hemza
|M
|JD
|42696
|3792
|INC
|----
|30
|Sultan'S Battery
|GEN
|K.C. Rosakutty
|F
|INC
|53050
|Varghese Vaidyar
|M
|CPM
|50544
|2506
|INC
|----
|31
|Wandoor
|(SC)
|Pandalam Sudhakaran
|M
|INC
|53104
|Kunnath Velayudhan
|M
|CPM
|45509
|7595
|INC
|----
|32
|Nilambur
|GEN
|Aryadan Muhammed
|M
|INC
|60558
|K. Abdurahiman Master
|M
|IND
|52874
|7684
|INC
|----
|33
|Manjeri
|GEN
|Ishaque Kurikkal
|M
|MUL
|57717
|K.P. Mohammed
|M
|JD
|35286
|22431
|IUML
|----
|34
|Malappuram
|GEN
|Yoonus Kunju
|M
|MUL
|49713
|Sebastian J. Kaloor
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|22604
|27109
|IUML
|----
|35
|Kondotty
|GEN
|K. Abu
|M
|MUL<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may20/may20_kerala_srp.htm|title=kerala results|website=archives.peoplesdemocracy.in|access-date=21 August 2019|archive-date=26 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726002028/http://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/may20/may20_kerala_srp.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|54042
|Madathil Mohammedaji
|M
|JD
|33178
|20864
|IUML
|----
|36
|Tirurangadi
|GEN
|V.A. Beeran Sahib
|M
|MUL
|47223
|M. Rahmathulla
|M
|CPI
|28021
|19202
|IUML
|----
|37
|Tanur
|GEN
|P. Seethi Haji
|M
|MUL
|47424
|M. Mohamed Master
|M
|CPM
|21577
|25847
|IUML
|----
|38
|Tirur
|GEN
|E.T. Mohamed Basheer
|
|MUL
|52489
|Kuruiyan Syed
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|39984
|12505
|IUML
|----
|39
|Ponnani
|GEN
|E.K. Imbichibava
|M
|CPM
|49264
|P.T. Mohankrishnan
|M
|INC
|44180
|5084
|CPI(M)
|----
|40
|Kuttippuram
|GEN
|P.K. Kunhalikutty
|M
|MUL
|44865
|V.P. Sakkariya
|M
|CPM
|22539
|22326
|IUML
|----
|41
|Mankada
|GEN
|K.P.A. Majeed
|M
|MUL
|48605
|K. Ummer Master
|M
|CPM
|42645
|5960
|IUML
|----
|42
|Perinthalmanna
|GEN
|Sooppy Nalakath
|M
|MUL
|49766
|M.M. Mustafa
|M
|IND
|42827
|6939
|IUML
|----
|43
|Thrithala<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections-2016/kerala-elections-2016/news/Kerala-elections-2016-Record-13th-win-for-K-M-Mani/articleshow/52340502.cms|title=Record 13th win for K M Mani|website=The Times of India|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|(SC)
|E. Sankaran
|M
|CPM
|46187
|K.P. Raman Master
|M
|MUL
|40602
|5585
|CPI(M)
|----
|44
|Pattambi
|GEN
|K.E. Esmail
|M
|CPI
|43351
|Leela Damodara Memon
|F
|INC
|39681
|3670
|CPI
|----
|45
|Ottapalam
|GEN
|V.C. Kabeer Master
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|42771
|K. Sankaranarayanan
|M
|INC
|38501
|4270
|ICS
|----
|46
|Sreekrishnapuram
|GEN
|P. Balan
|M
|INC
|51864
|E.M. Sreedharan
|M
|CPM
|50166
|1698
|INC
|----
|47
|Mannarkkad
|GEN
|Kalladi Mohammed
|M
|MUL
|53884
|P. Kumaran
|M
|CPI
|49414
|4470
|IUML
|----
|48
|Malampuzha
|GEN
|T. Sivadasa Menon
|M
|CPM
|50361
|V. Krishnadas
|M
|CPM(K)
|32370
|17991
|CPI(M)
|----
|49
|Palghat
|GEN
|C.M. Sundaram
|M
|INC
|41432
|M.S. Gopalakirshnan
|M
|CPM
|37925
|3507
|INC
|----
|50
|Chittur
|GEN
|K. Krishnankutty
|M
|JD
|47281
|K.A. Chandran
|M
|INC
|44170
|3111
|JD
|----
|51
|Kollengode
|GEN
|T. Chathu
|M
|CPM
|47058
|A, Ramaswamy
|M
|INC
|45853
|1205
|CPI(M)
|----
|52
|Coyalmannam
|(SC)
|M. Naryannan
|M
|CPM
|50315
|M. Ayyappan Master
|M
|INC
|42597
|7718
|CPI(M)
|----
|53
|Alathur
|GEN
|A.V. Gopinathan
|M
|INC
|49512
|V. Sukumaran Master
|M
|CPM
|49174
|338
|INC
|----
|54
|Chelakara
|(SC)
|M.P. Thami
|M
|INC
|47790
|C. Kuttappan
|M
|CPM
|43429
|4361
|INC
|----
|55
|Wadakkanchery
|GEN
|K.S. Narayanan Namboodiri
|M
|INC
|51414
|K. Mohandas
|M
|KEC
|43773
|7641
|INC
|----
|56
|Kunnamkulam
|GEN
|T.V. Chandramohan
|M
|INC
|53099
|K.P. Aravindhakshan
|M
|CPM
|50344
|2755
|INC
|----
|57
|Cherpu
|GEN
|V.V. Raghavan
|M
|CPI
|50767
|M.K. Abdul Salam
|M
|INC
|46309
|4458
|CPI
|----
|58
|Trichur
|GEN
|Therambil Ramakrishnan
|M
|INC
|53190
|E.K. Menon
|M
|CPM
|45899
|7291
|INC
|----
|59
|Ollur
|GEN
|P.P. George
|M
|INC
|57910
|A.M. Paraman
|M
|CPI
|52669
|5241
|INC
|----
|60
|Kodakara
|GEN
|[[K. P. Viswanathan]]
|M
|INC
|49971
|P.R. Rajan
|M
|CPM
|48360
|1611
|INC
|----
|61
|Chalakudi
|GEN
|Rosamma Chacko
|F
|INC
|49482
|Jose Painadath
|M
|JD
|42742
|6740
|INC
|----
|62
|Mala
|GEN
|K. Karunakaran
|M
|INC
|50966
|V.K. Rajan
|M
|CPI
|48492
|2474
|INC
|----
|63
|Irinjalakuda
|GEN
|Lonappan Nambadan
|M
|IND
|53351
|A.L. Sebastian
|M
|KCM
|43927
|9424
|IND
|----
|64
|Manalur
|GEN
|V.M. Sudheeran
|M
|INC
|45930
|K.F. Davis
|M
|CPM
|40414
|5516
|INC
|----
|65
|Guruvayoor
|GEN
|P.M. Abubacker
|M
|MUL
|40496
|K.K. Kammu
|M
|IND
|34820
|5676
|IUML
|----
|66
|Nattika
|GEN
|Krishnan Kaniyamparabil
|M
|CPI
|44762
|Raghvan Pozhakadavil
|M
|INC
|43596
|1166
|CPI
|----
|67
|Kodungallur
|GEN
|Meenakshy Thampan
|F
|CPI
|53542
|T.A. Ahammed Kabeer
|M
|MUL
|42353
|11189
|CPI
|----
|68
|Ankamali
|GEN
|P.J. Joy
|M
|INC
|60441
|M.V. Mani
|M
|KEC
|52843
|7598
|INC
|----
|69
|Vadakkekara
|GEN
|S. Sarma
|M
|CPM
|52897
|M.I. Shanavas
|M
|INC
|52100
|797
|CPI(M)
|----
|70
|Parur
|GEN
|P.Raju
|M
|CPI
|43551
|Karthav
|M
|IND
|40719
|2832
|CPI
|----
|71
|Narakkal
|(SC)
|K. Kunjambu
|M
|INC
|49102
|V.K. Babu
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|45555
|3547
|INC
|----
|Bye Polls
|Narakkal
|(SC)
|V.K.Babu
|M
|INC
|
|Unconsted
|
|
|
|
|INC
|----
|72
|Ernakulam
|GEN
|George Eden
|M
|INC
|54263
|Everest Chammany
|M
|IND
|43441
|10822
|INC
|----
|73
|Mattancherry
|GEN
|M.J. Zakaria
|M
|MUL<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PCrZLq_gEcUC&q=1991+Kerala+Legislative+Assembly+election&pg=PA49|title=Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952–1999|last=Ahuja|first=M. L.|date=2000|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170997665|language=en}}</ref>
|33736
|Jerson Kalappurakkal
|M
|IND
|24796
|8940
|IUML
|----
|74
|Palluruthy
|GEN
|Dominic Presentation
|M
|INC
|60001
|T.P. Peethabaran Master
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|52527
|7474
|INC
|----
|75
|Thrippunithura
|GEN
|K. Babu
|M
|INC
|63887
|M.M. Lawrance
|M
|CPM
|58941
|4946
|INC
|----
|76
|Alwaye
|GEN
|K. Mohamed Ali
|M
|INC
|64837
|T.O. Khathir Pillai
|M
|CPM
|56266
|8571
|INC
|----
|77
|Perumbavoor
|GEN
|P.P. Thankachan
|M
|INC
|52494
|Alumkal Devassy
|M
|JD
|49183
|3311
|INC
|----
|78
|Kunnathunad
|GEN
|T.H. Musthafa
|M
|INC
|56094
|Rukhiya Beevi Ali
|F
|IND
|48626
|7468
|INC
|----
|79
|Piravom
|GEN
|T.M. Jacob
|M
|KCM
|53751
|Gopi Kottamurickal
|M
|CPM
|50804
|2947
|KCM
|----
|80
|Muvattupuzha
|GEN
|Johny Nelloor
|M
|KCM
|51783
|A.V. Issac
|M
|IND
|48004
|3779
|KCM
|----
|81
|Kothamangalam
|GEN
|V.J. Faulose
|M
|INC
|51862
|T.M. Paily
|M
|IND
|44490
|7372
|INC
|----
|82
|Thodupuzha
|GEN
|P.T. Thomas
|M
|INC
|55666
|P.J. Joseph
|M
|KEC
|54574
|1092
|INC
|----
|83
|Devicolam
|(SC)
|K. Moni Alias A.K. Moni
|M
|INC
|51801
|S. Sundramanickam
|M
|CPM
|44859
|6942
|INC
|----
|84
|Idukki
|GEN
|Mathew Stephen
|M
|KCM<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/lok-sabha-polls-2019-full-list-congress-led-udfs-candidates-kerala-98705|website=www.thenewsminute.com|access-date=21 August 2019|title=Lok Sabha polls 2019: Full list of Congress-led UDF's candidates in Kerala|date=21 March 2019}}</ref>
|52559
|Johny Poomattom
|M
|KEC
|48881
|3678
|KCM
|----
|85
|Udumbanchola
|GEN
|E.M. Augusthy
|M
|INC
|59843
|M. Jinadevan
|M
|CPM
|56469
|3354
|INC
|----
|86
|Peermade
|GEN
|K.K. Thomas
|M
|INC
|46868
|C.A. Kurian
|M
|CPI
|41827
|5041
|INC
|----
|87
|Kanjirappally
|GEN
|Geoge J. Mathew
|M
|INC
|45973
|K.J. Thomas
|M
|CPM
|44815
|1158
|INC
|----
|88
|Vazhoor
|GEN
|K. Narayana Karup
|M
|KCM
|43354
|Kanam Rajendran
|M
|CPI
|40804
|2550
|KCM
|----
|89
|Changanacherry
|GEN
|C.F. Thomas
|M
|KCM
|53742
|M.T. Joseph
|M
|CPM
|41965
|11777
|KCM
|----
|90
|Kottayam
|GEN
|T.K. Ramakrishnan
|M
|CPM
|54182
|Cherian Philip
|M
|INC
|51500
|2682
|CPI(M)
|----
|91
|Ettumanoor
|GEN
|Thomas Chazihikadan
|M
|KCM
|49233
|Vaikom Viswan
|M
|CPM
|48347
|886
|KCM
|----
|92
|Puthuppally
|GEN
|Oommen Chandy
|M
|INC
|56150
|Vasavan
|M
|CPM
|42339
|13811
|INC
|----
|93
|Poonjar
|GEN
|Joy Abraham
|M
|KCM
|43936
|N.M. Joseph
|M
|JD
|33518
|10418
|KCM
|----
|94
|Palai
|GEN
|K.M. Mani
|M
|KCM
|52310
|George C. Kappan
|M
|IND
|35021
|17289
|KCM
|----
|95
|Kaduthuruthy
|GEN
|P.M. Mathew
|M
|KCM
|50324
|E.J. Lukose
|M
|KEC
|36592
|13732
|KCM
|----
|96
|Vaikom<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/pinarayi-vijayan-swornin-as-chief-minister-of-kerala-1464172218-1|title=Pinarayi Vijayan sworn-in as Chief Minister of Kerala|date=25 May 2016|website=Jagranjosh.com|access-date=21 August 2019}}</ref>
|(SC)
|K.K. Balakrishnan
|M
|INC<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/highest-voter-turnout-in-kottayam-since-1991/article26923878.ece|title=Highest voter turnout in Kottayam since 1991|author=Staff Reporter|date=23 April 2019|work=The Hindu|access-date=21 August 2019|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|50692
|K.P. Sreedharan
|M
|CPI
|49654
|1038
|INC
|----
|97
|Aroor
|GEN
|K.R. Gouri Amma
|F
|CPM
|56230
|P.J. Francis
|M
|INC
|52613
|3617
|CPI(M)
|----
|98
|Sherthalai
|GEN
|C.K. Chandrappan
|M
|CPI
|50844
|Vayalar Ravi
|M
|INC
|49853
|991
|CPI
|----
|99
|Mararikulam
|GEN
|V.S. Achuthanandan
|M
|CPM
|71470
|D. Sugathan
|M
|INC
|61490
|9980
|CPI(M)
|----
|100
|Alleppey
|GEN
|K.P. Ramachandran Nair
|M
|NDP
|42269
|P.S. Somasekhara
|M
|CPI
|41519
|750
|NDP
|----
|101
|Ambalapuzha
|GEN
|C.K. Sadasivan
|M
|CPM
|48150
|V. Dinakaran
|M
|INC
|46617
|1533
|CPI(M)
|----
|102
|Kuttanad
|GEN
|K.C. Joseph
|M
|KEC
|45669
|P.D. Luke
|M
|KCM
|36673
|8996
|KEC
|----
|103
|Haripad
|GEN
|K.K. Sreenivasan
|M
|INC
|52891
|A.V. Thamarakshan
|M
|RSP
|52376
|515
|INC
|----
|104
|Kayamkulam
|GEN
|Thachady Prabhakaran
|M
|INC
|46682
|M.R. Gopalakrishnan
|M
|CPM
|46649
|33
|INC
|----
|105
|Thiruvalla
|GEN
|Mammen Mathai
|M
|KCM
|35843
|Mathew T. Thomas
|M
|JD
|33950
|1893
|KCM
|----
|106
|Kallooppara
|GEN
|Joseph M. Puthussery
|M
|IND
|35524
|T.S. John
|M
|KEC
|30288
|5236
|IND
|----
|107
|Aranmula
|GEN
|R. Ramachandran Nair
|M
|NDP
|37534
|C.A. Mathew
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|32128
|5406
|NDP
|----
|108
|Chengannur
|GEN
|Sobhana George
|F
|INC
|40208
|Mammen Iype
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|36761
|3447
|INC
|----
|109
|Mavelikara
|GEN
|M. Murali
|M
|INC
|50292
|S. Govinda Kurup
|M
|CPM
|44322
|5970
|INC
|----
|110
|Pandalam
|(SC)
|V. Kisavan
|M
|CPM
|52768
|M.A. Kuttappan
|M
|INC
|51210
|1558
|CPI(M)
|----
|111
|Ranni
|GEN
|M.C. Cheriyan Moozhickal
|M
|INC
|41048
|Idiculla Mappila
|M
|CPM
|38809
|2239
|INC
|----
|112
|Pathanamthitta
|GEN
|K.K. Nair
|M
|IND
|47367
|Eapen Varughese
|M
|KEC
|29899
|17468
|IND
|----
|113
|Konni
|GEN
|A. Padma Kumar
|M
|CPM
|42531
|C.P. Ramachandran Nair
|M
|IND
|41615
|916
|CPI(M)
|----
|114
|Pathanapuram
|GEN
|K. Prakash Babu
|M
|CPI
|50295
|Vakkanand Radhakrishnan
|M
|KCM
|44267
|6028
|CPI
|----
|115
|Punalur
|GEN
|Punalur Madhu
|M
|INC
|53050
|Mullakkara Ratnakaran
|M
|CPI
|51738
|1312
|INC
|----
|116
|Chadayamangalam
|GEN
|E. Rajendran
|M
|CPI
|46025
|A. Hidur Mohammed
|M
|INC
|40986
|5039
|CPI
|----
|117
|Kottarakkara
|GEN
|R. Balakrishna Pillai
|M
|IND
|47122
|George Mathew
|M
|CPM
|41707
|5421
|IND
|----
|118
|Neduvathur
|(SC)
|B. Raghavan
|M
|CPM
|49296
|N. Narayanan
|M
|INC
|42112
|7184
|CPI(M)
|----
|119
|Adoor
|GEN
|Thiruvanchoor Radhakrishnan
|M
|INC
|44147
|R. Unnikrishna Pillai
|M
|CPM
|38380
|5767
|INC
|----
|120
|Kunnathur
|(SC)
|T. Nanoomaster
|M
|RSP
|56064
|V. Sasidharan
|M
|INC
|53462
|2602
|RSP
|----
|121
|Karunagappally
|GEN
|P.S Sreenivasan
|M
|CPI
|53576
|Jameela Ibrahim
|F
|INC
|47326
|6250
|CPI
|----
|122
|Chavara
|GEN
|Baby John
|M
|RSP
|51249
|Prathapa Varma Thampan
|M
|INC
|46925
|4324
|RSP
|----
|123
|Kundara
|GEN
|Alphonsa John
|F
|INC
|46447
|[[J. Mercykutty Amma]]
|F
|CPM
|45075
|1372
|INC
|----
|124
|Quilon
|GEN
|Kadavoor Sivadasan
|M
|INC
|48307
|Babu Divakaran
|M
|RSP
|43831
|4476
|INC
|----
|125
|Eravipuram
|GEN
|P.K.K. Bava
|M
|MUL
|55972
|V.P. Ramakrishna Pillai
|M
|IND
|55350
|422
|IUML
|----
|126
|Chathanoor
|GEN
|C.V. Padmarajan
|M
|INC
|53755
|P. Ravindran
|M
|CPI
|49244
|4511
|INC
|----
|127
|Varkala
|GEN
|Varkala Radhakrishnan
|M
|CPM
|42977
|Varkala Kahar
|M
|INC
|39680
|3297
|CPI(M)
|----
|128
|Attingal
|GEN
|T. Saratchandra Prasad
|M
|INC
|41964
|Anathalavattom Anadan
|M
|CPM
|41527
|437
|INC
|----
|129
|Kilimanoor
|(SC)
|N. Rajan
|M
|CPI
|51937
|Thankappan
|M
|INC
|47882
|4055
|CPI
|----
|130
|Vamanapuram
|GEN
|Kolaikode N. Krishna Nair
|M
|CPM
|52248
|R.M. Parameswaran
|M
|INC
|50882
|1366
|CPI(M)
|----
|131
|Ariyanad
|GEN
|G. Karihikeyan
|M
|INC
|44302
|K. Pankajakshan
|M
|RSP
|40822
|3480
|INC
|----
|132
|Nedumangad
|GEN
|Palode Ravi
|M
|INC
|54678
|K. Govinda Pillai
|M
|CPI
|53739
|939
|INC
|----
|133
|Kazhakuttam
|GEN
|M.V. Raghavan
|M
|CPM(K)
|51243
|A. Nabeesaummal
|F
|CPM
|50554
|689
|CPM(K)
|----
|134
|Trivandrum North
|GEN
|M. Vijaya Kumar
|M
|CPM
|52865
|T. Raveendtan Thampi
|M
|NDP
|52525
|340
|CPI(M)
|----
|135
|Trivandrum West
|GEN
|M.M. Hassan
|M
|INC
|43620
|Antony Raju
|M
|KEC
|35121
|8499
|INC
|----
|136
|Trivandrum East
|GEN
|B. Vijaya Kumar
|M
|INC
|41230
|K. Sankaranaraya Pillai
|M
|ICS(SCS)
|33302
|8018
|INC
|----
|137
|Nemom
|GEN
|V.J. Thankappan
|M
|CPM
|47063
|Stanly Sathyanesan
|M
|CPM(K)
|40201
|6862
|CPI(M)
|----
|138
|Kovalam
|GEN
|A. Neela Lohitha Dajan Kadar
|M
|JD
|49515
|George Maserine
|M
|INC
|49494
|21
|JD
|----
|139
|Neyyattinkara
|GEN
|Thampanoor Ravi
|M
|INC
|49016
|S.R. Thanka Raj
|M
|JD
|47042
|1974
|INC
|----
|140
|Parassala
|GEN
|M.R. Raghu Chandra Bal
|M
|INC
|48423
|Sathyanesan
|M
|CPM
|40788
|7635
|INC
|----
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.keralaassembly.org/ Kerala Assembly Election DATABASE]

{{Kerala Niyamasabha elections}}

[[Category:1991 State Assembly elections in India|Kerala]]
[[Category:State Assembly elections in Kerala]]
[[Category:1990s in Kerala]]

Mahendran (actor)

2026-02-08T12:03:45Z

Lucillecrale: Adding new info w/ infobox

{{short description|Indian film actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mahendran
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names = Master Mahendran
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 1994-present
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Mahendran''' is an [[Indian people|Indian]] actor who works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] language films. He started acting at the age of 3 and has appeared in over 100 films in six languages as a child actor, a record in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-09 |title=Acted in Most Number of Movies as a Child Artist (Male) |url=http://www.indiabookofrecords.in/featured/acted-in-most-number-of-movies-as-a-child-artist-male-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715135706/https://indiabookofrecords.in/featured/acted-in-most-number-of-movies-as-a-child-artist-male-2 |archive-date=15 July 2014 |website=India Book of Records}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Meet Mahendran, the stellar actor who shined as Kutti Bhavani in Master |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/01/15/mahendran-actor-tamil-cinema-in-master-with-vijay.html |website=Onmanorama |access-date=12 February 2021 |archive-date=24 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224233246/https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/01/15/mahendran-actor-tamil-cinema-in-master-with-vijay.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He is a recipient of two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] and two [[Nandi Awards]].

In 2013 he played the lead in ''[[Vizha]]'', which was his breakthrough as an adult actor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 December 2013 |title=Master Mahendran is back with 'Vizha' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131218/entertainment-kollywood/article/master-mahendran-back-vizha |access-date=5 April 2015 |newspaper=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924065316/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/131218/entertainment-kollywood/article/master-mahendran-back-vizha |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mahendran's next is a Tamil-Telugu bilingual |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/mahendrans-next-is-a-tamil-telugu-bilingual/articleshow/74082333.cms |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422150245/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etarticleshowajax.cms?ajax=true&galno=4&msid=74083833 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mahendran's next 'Namma Ooruku Ennadhaan Aachu', a rural thriller |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/feb/27/mahendrans-next-namma-ooruku-ennadhaan-aachu-a-rural-thriller-1944174.html |website=The New Indian Express |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313105759/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2019/feb/27/mahendrans-next-namma-ooruku-ennadhaan-aachu-a-rural-thriller-1944174.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Joseph |first1=Raveena |last2=Ramanujam |first2=Srinivasa |date=13 November 2015 |title=Child stars on the big screen |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/child-stars-on-the-big-screen/article7873221.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406193743/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/child-stars-on-the-big-screen/article7873221.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Mahendran made his debut with [[K. S. Ravikumar]]'s ''[[Nattamai]]'' (1994).<ref>{{Cite news |title=KS Ravikumar uncle is a huge inspiration for me on how to approach cinema: Master Mahendran |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ks-ravikumar-uncle-is-a-huge-inspiration-for-me-on-how-to-approach-cinema-master-mahendran/articleshow/78076436.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |last1=Prasad |first1=Shiva |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915235305/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/ks-ravikumar-uncle-is-a-huge-inspiration-for-me-on-how-to-approach-cinema-master-mahendran/articleshow/78076436.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He twice won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Artist]], for ''[[Thaikulame Thaikulame]]'' (1995) and ''[[Kumbakonam Gopalu]]'' (1998).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Master Mahendran's first meeting with Ajith |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-mahendrans-first-meeting-with-ajith/articleshow/78017122.cms |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 September 2020 |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801052040/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-mahendrans-first-meeting-with-ajith/articleshow/78017122.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He also twice won the [[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor]], for ''Devi'' (1999) and ''Little Hearts'' (2001).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2000-12-08 |title=Venkatesh, Maheshwari get Nandi awards |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://hindu.com/2000/12/08/stories/0408201f.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020131232812/http://www.hindu.com/2000/12/08/stories/0408201f.htm |archive-date=2002-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2000-07-18 |title=Film awards announced |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/2000/07/18/stories/04182237.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233423/http://www.hindu.com/2000/07/18/stories/04182237.htm |archive-date=2013-12-30}}</ref>

The actor made his breakthrough as a hero when he starred alongside [[Malavika Menon]] in ''[[Vizha]]'' (2013), directed by Barathi Balakumaran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=S. R. Ashok Kumar |date=2013-11-10 |title=Audio Beat: Vizha — Tunes that will touch a chord |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vizha-tunes-that-will-touch-a-chord/article5333256.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=2013-12-23 |archive-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216210330/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/audio-beat-vizha-tunes-that-will-touch-a-chord/article5333256.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 May 2020 |title='Master' actor Mahendran thanks fans on social media for their love and support to the film |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-actor-mahendran-thanks-fans-on-social-media-for-their-love-and-support-to-the-film/articleshow/75598892.cms |access-date=8 May 2020 |archive-date=8 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508122921/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/master-actor-mahendran-thanks-fans-on-social-media-for-their-love-and-support-to-the-film/articleshow/75598892.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film is based on the award-winning short film ''Uthiri'', and portrays the love story of Mahendran's character Sundaram, who plays the [[thappu]] instrument at funerals, and Rakkamma (Malavika), an [[oppari]] singer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1970-01-01 |title=Vizha: storytelling with a difference |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |access-date=2013-12-23 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224225746/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news-interviews/Vizha-storytelling-with-a-difference/articleshow/27797767.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to positive reviews in December 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-08 |title=I had complete belief in Vizha's script: Barathi |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-08/news-interviews/44940900_1_award-winning-short-film-rama-narayanan-mahendran |url-status=dead |access-date=2013-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113649/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-12-08/news-interviews/44940900_1_award-winning-short-film-rama-narayanan-mahendran |archive-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> His first Telugu film, ''First Love'' (2014) opposite Amrita Rao released on the same day, with a low key release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=First Love Telugu Movie Review |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/17313.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233258/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/review/17313.html |archive-date=30 December 2013 |access-date=2014-03-02 |website=IndiaGlitz}}</ref> His other acting credits include ''[[Vindhai]]'' (2015), ''[[Viraivil Isai]]'' (2015), ''Thittivasal'' (2017) and ''Naadodi Kanavu'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Master Mahendran to headline Amigo Garage |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/Jul/25/master-mahendran-to-headline-amigo-garage-25672.html |access-date=2021-07-25 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref> He played the lead role in Telegu film, ''Asalu Em Jarigindhante'' (2020).<ref>{{Cite news |title='అసలు ఏం జరిగిందంటే..' మూవీ రివ్యూ |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2021/film-reviews/asalu-em-jarigindhante-movie-review-kbkmrgschitrajyothy-20725.html |access-date=2021-10-03 |work=Chitrajyothy}}</ref>

He gained renewed prominence when he played a young Bhavani in [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]’s ''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' (2021). He pushes boundaries and works on films that show him in a different light. He have worked on a love story in ''[[Vizha]]'' (2013), a comedy drama in ''[[Namma Oorukku Ennadhan Achu]]'' (2021), and a horror film in ''[[Ripupbury]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mahendran: Filmmakers are making stars today, not films |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/interviews/2024/Mar/14/mahendran-filmmakers-are-making-stars-today-not-films |access-date=2024-03-14 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref> He was seen in the [[Disney+ Hotstar]] web series ''[[Label (TV series)|Label]]'' (2023). Mahendran plays a gangster in the action thriller, ''[[Amigo Garage]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Amigo Garage Trailer: Mahendran plays a gangster in this action thriller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Mar/09/amigo-garage-trailer-mahendran-plays-a-gangster-in-this-action-thriller |access-date=2024-03-09 |work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==Filmography==

=== Child artist ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Mahendran child artist film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
!Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Nattamai]]'' || Boy at panchayat
|Tamil|| Uncredited<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-01-18 |title=Karthi releases Master Mahendran's Namma Oorukku Ennadhan Achu trailer |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/karthi-releases-master-mahendrans-namma-oorukku-ennadhan-achu-trailer/articleshow/80330240.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-27 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|1995 || ''[[Pedarayudu]]'' || Boy at panchayat
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| ''[[Thaikulame Thaikulame]]'' || Pandiyan's biological son and Janaki's adopted son
| rowspan="8" |Tamil|| {{Won}}—[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Artist]]
|-
| ''[[Muthu (film)|Muthu]]'' || Tribal || Uncredited<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-ta/thalapathy-vijays-master-mahendran-shares-about-superstar-rajinikanth.html|title=''தலைவர் கூட டான்ஸ், அத விட வேற என்ன வேணும் ?'' - தளபதி விஜய்யின் மாஸ்டர் பிரபலம் கமெண்ட்|trans-title="Even the leader dances, what else do you want?" - Thalapathy Vijay's Master Popularity Comment|work=Behindwoods|date=30 March 2020|language=ta|access-date=13 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1996 || ''[[Mahaprabhu (film)|Mahaprabhu]]'' || Young boy in the slum||
|-
| ''[[Parambarai]]'' || Young Paramasivan ||
|-
| ''[[Coimbatore Mappillai]]'' || Sumithra's neighbor ||
|-
| ''[[Senathipathi]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | 1997 || ''[[Vaimaye Vellum]]'' || Young Raja ||
|-
| ''[[Mappillai Gounder]]'' || Young Subramani ||
|-
| ''[[Pelli Chesukundam]]'' ||
|Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1997 film)|Aahaa..!]]'' || Ajay
| rowspan="6" | Tamil||
|-
| rowspan="8" | 1998 || ''[[Kondattam]]'' || Mahendran ||
|-
| ''[[Thulli Thirintha Kaalam]]'' || Market worker ||
|-
| ''[[Kaathala Kaathala]]'' || Orphan child ||
|-
| ''[[Natpukkaga]]'' || Young Chinnaiyya ||
|-
| ''[[En Uyir Nee Thaane]]'' || Rajasekhar's son ||
|-
| ''[[Aahaa..! (1998 film)|Aahaa..!]]'' || Ajay
|Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Kumbakonam Gopalu]]'' || L. Krishna/Ramakrishnan/Rajasekhar
| rowspan="3" | Tamil|| {{Won}}—[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Child Artist]]
|-
| ''[[Sivappu Nila]]'' || Muthu Manikkam ||
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1999 || ''[[Suriya Paarvai]]'' || Vijay ||
|-
| ''[[Devi (1999 film)|Devi]]'' || Young Dantra
| Telugu
| {{Won}}—[[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor]]
|-
| ''[[Padayappa]]'' || guest at Anitha's wedding
| rowspan="11" | Tamil|| Uncredited<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maalaimalar.com/cinema/cinemanews/2021/05/09131725/2621429/Tamil-cinema-Master-mahendran-completed-28-years-in.vpf|title=சினிமாவில் 28 ஆண்டுகளை நிறைவு செய்த மகேந்திரன்... குவியும் வாழ்த்துக்கள்|first=மாலை|last=மலர்|date=9 May 2021|website=www.maalaimalar.com}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Poomagal Oorvalam]]'' || Saravanan ||
|-
| ''[[Nee Varuvai Ena]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Minsara Kanna]]'' || Vetri ||
|-
| ''[[Mudhalvan]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa]]'' || Udayappa ||
|-
| ''[[Paattali]]'' || Young Shanmugam ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2000 || ''[[Sudhandhiram]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maayi]]'' || Young Maiyaandi ||
|-
| ''[[Mugavaree]]'' || A child on the beach ||
|-
| rowspan="7" | 2001 || ''[[Nageswari]]'' || Nanjappa ||
|-
|''[[Ammayi Kosam]]'' || Tea supplier boy
|Telugu ||
|-
| ''Mohanayanangal'' || The Young Evil Monk
|[[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| ''[[Simharasi]]'' || Young Narasimharaju
|Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Viswanathan Ramamoorthy (film)|Viswanathan Ramamoorthy]]'' || Mahendran
| rowspan="2" |Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Asokavanam (2001 film)|Asokavanam]]'' || Rahul ||
|-
| ''Little Hearts'' ||Deva
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
| {{Won}}—[[Nandi Award for Best Child Actor]]
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' || Boy running in background || Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2003 || ''[[Magic Magic 3D]]'' || Indrajeet's friend
|Tamil||
|-
| ''[[Simhadri (2003 film)|Simhadri]]'' || Blind Shoeshiner
|Telugu||
|-
| ''[[Aalukkoru Aasai]]'' || Saravanan
| rowspan="2" |Tamil||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2006 || ''[[Nenjirukkum Varai (2006 film)|Nenjirukkum Varai]]'' || Murugan||
|-
|}

=== Adult actor ===
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Mahendran adult film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
!Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2010 || ''[[Jaggubhai]]'' || Mohan
| rowspan="3" |Tamil||
|-
| ''Mudhal Kadhal Mazhai'' || Aanjaneyar Kumar ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2013 || ''[[Vizha]]'' || Sundaram ||<ref name="Master Mahendran is back with 'Vizha'">{{Cite news |date=18 December 2013 |title=Master Mahendran is back with 'Vizha' |language=en |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131218/entertainment-kollywood/article/master-mahendran-back-vizha |url-status=dead |access-date=13 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313105521/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131218/entertainment-kollywood/article/master-mahendran-back-vizha |archive-date=13 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2014 || ''First Love'' ||
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|''Endrume Anandham'' || Subbu
| rowspan="5" |Tamil||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2015 || ''[[Vindhai]]'' || Karthi ||
|-
| ''[[Viraivil Isai]]'' || Susi ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2017 || ''Thittivasal'' || Muthu ||
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2018 ||''Naadodi Kanavu'' || Marudhu ||
|-
| 2020 || ''Asalu Em Jarigindhante'' || Vasu
|Telugu ||
|-
| rowspan="3" | 2021 ||''[[Master (2021 film)|Master]]'' || Young Bhavani
| rowspan="7" |Tamil||
|-
| ''Chidambaram Railway Gate'' || Velu ||
|-
| ''[[Namma Oorukku Ennadhan Achu]]'' || Nalla Thambi ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Maaran (2022 film)|Maaran]]'' || Police officer ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2023 || ''[[Ripupbury]]'' || Sathyaraj ||
|-
| ''[[Kathar Basha Endra Muthuramalingam]]'' || Young Kaluvan ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2024 || ''[[Amigo Garage]]'' || Rudra ||
|-
| ''[[Super Zindagi]]'' || Javed
|[[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || ''[[Karmanye Vadhikaraste]]'' || Jai
|Telugu ||
|-
|''Un Paarvayil'' || Ajay (Anil)
|Tamil|| Released on [[Sun NXT]]
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Nilakanta (film)|Nilakanta]]'' || Nilakanta
|Telugu ||
|}


===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Mahendran television credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Series
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
|-
|1997||''Mayavi Marichan'' || Manikandan || rowspan="2" |[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
| 2009 || ''Masthana Masthana'' || Contestant
|-
| 2023 ||''[[Label (TV series)|Label]]'' || Veerasekar || [[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=1195431|name=Mahendran}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahendran}}
[[Category:Tamil male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]

Ravinder Singh (sport shooter)

2026-02-07T10:33:49Z

Lucillecrale: new

{{short description|Indian sport shooter (born 1996)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Ravinder Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1996|10|17}}
| birth_place = [[Bishnah]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu & Kashmir]], India
| sport = [[Shooting sports|Shooting]]
| event = [[ISSF 50 meter pistol|50 m pistol]]
| height = 1.73 m
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[ISSF 50 meter pistol|50 m pistol shooting]]}} [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Shooting Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2025 Cairo]]|[[2025 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Pistol|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2025 Cairo]]|[[2025 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Pistol|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2023 Baku]]|[[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Men|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2023 Baku]]|[[2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Men|Team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships|2026 New Delhi]]|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships#Men|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|2023 Changwon]]|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships|2025 Shymkent]]|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships#Men - Senior|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|2023 Changwon]]|[[2023 Asian Shooting Championships|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships|2026 New Delhi]]|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships#Men|Individual]]}}
| module = {{Infobox military person
| embed = yes
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears =
| unit =
| rank =[[Naib Subedar]]
}}
}}

'''Ravinder Singh''' (born 17 October 1996) is an Indian [[Shooting sports|sport shooter]] who specializes in the [[ISSF 50 meter pistol|50 m pistol]] event.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=ISSF - International Shooting Sport Federation |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/SHINDM1710199601 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=www.issf-sports.org}}</ref> He won gold medal in the 50 m pistol event at the [[2025 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2025 World Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Kamesh |date=2024-12-21 |title=67th National Shooting Championship: Sejal-Ravinder pair wins mixed team air pistol gold, Paris Olympics medallist Sarabjot finishes fifth |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/sarabjot-fifth-sejal-ravinder-win-mixed-team-air-pistol-gold-national-shooting-championship-2024-results-updates/article69013016.ece |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
Singh was born in [[Bishnah]]. He is trained under the guidance of coach Manoj Kumar. He currently serves as a [[Havildar]] in the [[Indian Army]] under the sports quota.

== Career ==
In August 2023, he won two Bronze at the 2023 ISSF World Shooting Championships at Baku. He won a bronze in the men’s 50m pistol team event, along with [[Kamaljeet]] and Vikram Jagannath Shinde, with a combined score of 1646-28x.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-25 |title=ISSF World Championships: Women's team clinches 50M Pistol gold; India finish second with 14 medals |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/issf-world-championships-womens-team-clinches-50m-pistol-gold-india-finish-second-with-14-medals/articleshow/103066820.cms |access-date=2025-05-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He also won a bronze in the individual event with a score of 556.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chettiar |first=Ronald |date=25 August 2023 |title=ISSF World Championships 2023: India win 50m pistol women's team gold medal |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/issf-world-championships-2023-baku-india-50m-pistol-shooting-results-medal |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-08-25 |title=Shooting World C'ships: India finish campaign with six gold and eight bronze medals |url=https://scroll.in/field/1054895/shooting-world-cships-india-finish-campaign-with-six-gold-and-eight-bronze-medals |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

In 2024, he took part in five World Cups, twice in Cairo and Grenada, and in Lima. He made his international debut at the ISSF Shooting World Cup in New Delhi in 2019 and also took part in the Asian Championships at Taoyuan in the 10m air pistol event.<ref name=":0" />

In the first World Cup of the year on 3 April 2025, he was initially in medal contention but failed to hold on and bowed out after 18th shot to finish 7th in the International Shooting Sport Federation World Cup (Pistol) in Buenos Aires, Argentina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2025 |title=Argentina Shooting World Cup: Varun finishes fifth, Ravinder sixth, in men's air pistol |url=https://ianslive.in/argentina-shooting-world-cup-varun-finishes-fifth-ravinder-sixth-in-mens-air-pistol--20250403211245 |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=ianslive.in}}</ref>

In April 2025, he represented India at the ISSF World Cup in Lima where he missed a bronze medal along with Manu Baker in the 10m air pistol event to the Chinese team.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2025-04-16 |title=ISSF World Cup Lima: Suruchi, Saurabh win gold in 10m air pistol mixed team; Manu, Ravinder miss bronze |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/suruchi-singh-saurabh-chaudhary-issf-world-cup-medal-10m-air-pistol-mixed-team-final-lima-peru-manu-bhaker-ravinder-singh-miss-bronze/article69457777.ece |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

In 2025, he also missed a bronze and finished fourth in the 2025 ISSF World Cup.<ref name=":0" />

== Domestic career ==
In December 2024, along with Sejal Kamble, he won the gold for the Indian Army team in the 67th National shooting championship at the Dr. Karni Singh Range, Tughlakabad, Delhi. They beat Pranavi Dwaram and Mukesh Nelavalli 16-12.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Kamesh |date=2024-12-21 |title=National shooting championship {{!}} Ravinder and Sejal win mixed air pistol gold for Army |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/national-shooting-championship-ravinder-and-sejal-win-mixed-air-pistol-gold-for-army/article69012911.ece |access-date=2025-05-07 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In February 2025, he won a silver medal at the National Games 2025 at Uttarakhand in the 10m air pistol event, losing to 15 year old Jonathan Anthony by a score of 0.4.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2025 |title=National Games 2025: 15-year-old Jonathan Anthony pips Olympic medallist Sarabjot Singh in final to strike 10m pistol gold |url=https://www.olympics.com/en/news/national-games-2025-jonathan-anthony-shooting-10m-pistol-gold-medal |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=Olympics.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/SHINDM1710199601 Ravinder Singh]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ravinder}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats

2026-01-29T19:16:23Z

Lucillecrale: starting data

{{Short description|English novelist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
'''Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats''' {{postnominals|country=GBR|CIE}} (c. 1858–1916), an [[English novel#Victorian novel|English novelist]] known professionally as '''S. Levett-Yeats''', was the descendant of an old English trading family with connections to [[British India]]. S. Levett-Yeats became a soldier with the [[Indian Army (1895–1947)|Indian Army]] and later joined the [[Indian Civil Service]] as a low-level bureaucrat. Inspired by the example of other ambitious [[Anglo-Indian]] writers like [[Rudyard Kipling]], Levett-Yeats turned out a series of Victorian [[potboiler]]s, often set in Europe, that earned him a place on the bestseller lists of the day.
[[File:Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats.jpg|thumb|200px|Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats]]

==Family==
Levett-Yeats was descended from [[Francis Levett]], an English factor working for the [[Levant Company]] in [[Livorno]], Italy, who later moved to British [[East Florida]] to become a planter. Levett's daughter married Dr. David Yeats, a physician who was the Secretary of the [[East Florida]] Colony in Florida. The [[Levett]]s were an old [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] family who grew rich building one of the first large English multinational trading firms, Sir Richard Levett & Co. In that capacity, the family traded around the globe, and Sir [[Richard Levett]], [[Lord Mayor of London]], served as an early member of the [[East India Company|London East India Company]]. Sidney Levett-Yeats was born in England, the son of Charles Levett-Yeats. His father,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FKpLAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+neville&pg=RA1-PA817 ''Who's Who'', Henry Robert Addison, A. & C. Black, London, 1903]</ref> who died in 1878, was Under-Secretary to the [[British Raj|Government of Bombay]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HH8TAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+punjab+light+horse&pg=PA286 ''The Bookman: A Review of Books and Life'', v. 5 1897 Mar-Aug, Published by Dodd, Mead and Co., New York, 1897]</ref> His mother was the former Caroline Smith, daughter of James Smith, Esq., of [[Satara district]], [[Maharashtra]], India, where the couple were married at St Thomas' Church in 1857.

Levett-Yeats' brother Gerald Aylmer (known professionally as G.A. Levett-Yeats) was also a writer, as well as an illustrator, particularly of books relating to the fauna and flora of the subcontinent and the East. G.A. Levett-Yeats (1863–1938) lived in [[Calcutta]], and was best known for his illustrations for the books ''The Birds of Singapore Island'' and ''The Common Birds of India''. Like his brother, G.A. Levett-Yeats began his career in the Indian civil service, in his case as "sub-deputy opium inspector" in the "Opium Department" in Bengal.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+lieutenant&pg=RA1-PA51 ''The India List and India Office List'', Great Britain India Office, Harrison & Sons, London, 1903]</ref> G.A. Levett-Yeats' own book about India of 1898 carried the title: ''India: In the Land of the White Poppy''. His other book about India was called ''My Indian Garden''.

==Early career==
[[File:Bara Dari South facing side of the 12 Door Building July 1 2005.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Hazuri Bagh]] in the [[Walled City of Lahore]] where S. Levett-Yeats worked 15 years]]
Sidney Levett-Yeats' career began as a soldier in the Brithis Indian Army, where he served as [[Lieutenant]] in the [[Punjab Light Horse]]. He later entered the British government civil service in the [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], where he began writing fiction on the side. His title within Her Majesty's Government was Deputy Examiner in the Public Works Department, and he served 15 years in the department.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+lieutenant&pg=RA1-PA51 ''The India List and India Office List'', Great Britain India Office, Harrison and Sons, London, 1905]</ref> But as his career as a popular novelist took off, he eventually received a [[furlough]] from his civil service job in India and returned to England.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kYITAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22s.+levett-yeats%22&pg=PA377 ''The Bookman'', Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 1898]</ref>

==Novels==
Levett-Yeats set his boisterous novels in wildly different locales, and his novels struck a chord with an English audience enamoured of historical romance. The genre was so popular that it was known as the 'cloak and sword school.' ''The Lord Protector'', for instance, set in the days of the [[English Commonwealth]] under Oliver Cromwell, describes the hunting down of an ardent [[Cavalier|Royalist]]. ''A Galahad of the Creeks'' was set during the [[Burma|Burmese]] wars. ''The Chevalier d'Auriac'' concerned [[Henry of Navarre]]. Other tales were set in swashbuckling Europe. ''Orrain: A Romance'', published by Methuen in London and by Longmans in the United States, told a tale of King [[Henry II of France]] and his wife Catherine de' Medici.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1dA8AAAAIAAJ&dq=%22s.+k.+levett-yeats%22&pg=PA296 ''A Guide to the Best Historical Novels and Tales'', Jonathan Nield, Elkin Mathews, London, 1911]</ref>'' The Chevalier d'Auriac'' was serialized in [[Longman's Magazine]] in 1897.

Levett's best-known book was ''The Honour of Savelli'', a tale of treachery and intrigue set during the era of the [[Borgias]] in medieval Italy. The work, noted a review in the magazine ''Book Reviews'', captured Levett's strong suit: his storytelling ability. "The freedom and dash of his recital, and the general ability shown in the handling of his characters and in the quality of his style are his strongest credentials," noted the review.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tXYpAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22s.+levett-yeats%22&pg=RA2-PA423 ''Book Reviews: A Monthly Journal Devoted to New and Current Publications'', Published by Macmillan and Co., 1894]</ref>

==Critique==
[[File:Rudyard Kipling by Sir Philip Burne-Jones 1899.jpeg|thumb|250px|Rudyard Kipling, fellow member with Levett-Yeats at Lahore's Punjab Club]]''The Honour of Savelli'' even made Levett-Yeats' friend from [[Lahore]]'s Punjab Club, [[Rudyard Kipling]], sit up and take notice. "When I knew him in the Punjab Club in the old days," Kipling wrote to a friend about Levett-Yeats, "he was full of notions about a mutiny tale and he may have something up his sleeve that would be worth getting at."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=av00vIKTkgIC&dq=%22s.+levett-yeats%22+kipling&pg=PA115 ''Writers on Writing, Rudyard Kipling'', Sandra Kemp, Lisa Lewis (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996]</ref>

Levett-Yeats had a flair for story, but the critics were not always impressed by his writing style. "He has romance and pretty turn for dramatic episodes," said ''The New York Tribune'' about his book ''The Heart of Denise and Other Tales''. "The Indian tales show that while Mr. Yeats is far below Mr. Kipling in the treatment of the material to be found among the natives, he is at any rate clever and readable. His vignettes of landscape are drawn with special grace."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-m0YAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22s.+levett-yeats%22+kipling&pg=PT25 ''Some Experiences of an Irish R. M.'', Edith Œnone Somerville, Martin Ross, Longmans, Green, 1901, jacket copy]</ref>

==Style==
Levett's novels were the equivalent of today's action movies: full of chase scenes, dramatic battles and high-strung melodrama. The gist of Levett-Yeats' ''Chevalier d'Auriac'', said ''The New York Times'', "is the way the King reveals his true manliness and gives over Mme. de Tremouille to the Chevalier, who had wooed her so long and undergone so many dangers on her account."<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/08/28/101108648.pdf Some Recent Books, ''The New York Times'', August 28, 1897]</ref> Perhaps more darkly, The Times hinted in its review of such astonishing similarities between Levett's book and that of another popular writer of the day, [[Stanley J. Weyman]], that, it declared, "were it not for the author's name and preface, the average reader would certainly believe (it) to be another work from the facile pen of Mr. Weyman."

For English novelists of the age, India offered a beguiling chance to explore the exotic and the raffish. Levett-Yeats began with tales of the East, before moving on mostly to stories set among the jousters of [[medieval]] Europe. "India still remains a favorite hunting-ground of the novelist, and the field of Mr. Kipling and [[Flora Annie Steel|Mrs. Steel]] is this week re-occupied by Mr. S. Levett-Yeats, who is well-known at the libraries by reason of his successful story, 'The Honour of Savelli,'" said the New York magazine ''The Critic'' in 1897. Because of his service as soldier, bureaucrat and traveller on the Indian subcontinent, noted the magazine, "he has therefore had abundant opportunity for observing the things which he describes."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MTMZAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22s.+levett-yeats%22+kipling&pg=PT303 ''The Critic: An Illustrated Monthly Review of Literature, Art, and Life'', Jeannette Leonard Gilder, Joseph Benson Gilder, Published by Good Literature Pub. Co., 1897]</ref>

==Later life==
[[File:The Traitor's Way.gif|thumb|left|200px|Cover, ''The Traitor's Way'', Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats, Stokes, New York, 1901]]
Unlike Kipling, who stayed with the characters and literary topography he mined in India, Levett-Yeats was driven by temperament or the demands of readers and the marketplace to stray further afield. He returned to England, where he lived as a successful, although mostly critically ignored, commercial novelist. Unlike Kipling, Levett-Yeats seemed more interested in rewards of the pocketbook rather than paeans from the critics, and by that measure, at least, he seems to have been a success.

In his retelling of medieval legends that echoed [[King Arthur]], Levett-Yeats provided a window into the British colonial mind at the end of the nineteenth century. Some scholars now suggest that Levett-Yeats' tales of chivalric derring-do mask a deeper insecurity about the English mandate in India. Underlying the romance of Levett-Yeats' tales, they suggest, is a darker world view, tinctured by the challenges to British authority in the Punjab after the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], which demonstrated how tenuous the East India Company's hold was on an enormous nation. Levett-Yeats' anachronistic tales of distressed damsels and heroic knights might have been the tonic England needed at the time.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ooqHNSvcXZYC&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+bombay&pg=PA223 ''Myth and National Identity in Nineteenth Century Britain: the Legends of King Arthur and Robin Hood'', Stephanie L. Barczewski, Oxford University Press, 2000], {{ISBN|9780198207283}}</ref>

In 1906 he married a lady named Mildred Eagles, and after this date, he does not appear to have published anything. He was awarded the [[Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire]] (C.I.E.) in recognition of his services in India.<ref name="OL">{{cite web|url=https://openlibrary.org/a/OL3775295A|title=Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats |date=October 9, 2008|publisher=Open Library|accessdate=2009-02-26}}</ref>

Levett-Yeats was a member of the [[Savage Club]] in London, as well as the Punjab and United Service Clubs in [[Lucknow]]. He listed his hobbies as "riding, shooting and hunting."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FKpLAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22levett-yeats%22+neville&pg=RA1-PA817 ''Who's Who: An Annual Biographical Dictionary'', Henry Robert Addison, Charles Henry Oakes, William John Lawson, Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, published by Adam & Charles Black, London, 1903]</ref>

Sidney Kilner Levett-Yeats died at [[Steyning]], [[West Sussex]], in 1916.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* [https://archive.org/details/honoursavelliar00yeagoog ''The Honour of Savelli: A Novel''], S. Levett-Yeats, D. Appleton and Company, New York, 1895
* [https://archive.org/details/chevalierdauria00yeatgoog ''The Chevalier d'Auriac, S. Levett-Yeats''], Longmans, Green, And Co., New York, London, Bombay, 1897
* [https://archive.org/details/agalahadcreeksw00yeatgoog ''A Galahad of the Creeks: The Widow Lamport''], S. Levett-Yeats, D. Appleton & Company, New York, 1897

==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author | id=9142| name=Sidney Levett Yeats}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Levett-Yeats}}
* [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=1043403&imageID=1559499&total=3&num=0&word=levett&s=1&notword=&d=&c=&f=&k=0&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&imgs=20&pos=1&e=w S. Levett Yeats New York Public Library Digital Gallery]
* [http://digitalgallery.nypl.org/nypldigital/dgkeysearchdetail.cfm?trg=1&strucID=1043404&imageID=1559500&total=3&num=0&word=levett&s=1&notword=&d=&c=&f=&k=0&lWord=&lField=&sScope=&sLevel=&sLabel=&imgs=20&pos=2&e=w The Heart of Denise and Other Tales, S. Levett Yeats, New York Public Library Digital Gallery]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Levett-Yeats, Sidney Kilner}}
[[Category:1850s births]]
[[Category:1916 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:Levett family|Sidney]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:English historical novelists]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]
[[Category:English male novelists]]
[[Category:19th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages]]
[[Category:Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:Victorian novelists]]

Colors Cineplex

2026-01-16T23:15:07Z

Lucillecrale: adjusted page for clarity for consistency

{{Short description|Hindi movie channel}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = Colors Cineplex
| logo = Colors Cineplex Black.png
| logo_size =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2019
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2016|5|8|df=yes}} (India) {{Start date and age|2016|9|29|df=yes}} in (UK) {{Start date and age|2016|10|5|df=yes}} in (USA)
| owner = [[JioStar]]
| key_people = Rockteem Bhattacharjee
| headquarters = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| type = [[Television Channel]]
| country = [[India]]
| area = Worldwide
| network = [[JioStar]]
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[letterboxed]] [[480i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| sister_channels = Colors Cineplex Superhits Colors Cineplex Bollywood
| replaced = [[Rishtey Cineplex]]
| website = [http://www.colorscineplex.com/ colorscineplex.com]
| former_names = Rishtey Cineplex (2016-2019)
| online_serv_1 = JioHotstar
| online_chan_1 = India
}}

'''Colors Cineplex''' is a group of Indian [[Hindi-language]] 24/7 movie channels, owned and operated by [[Disney Star|JioStar]], a joint venture between [[Viacom18]] and [[Disney India]]. The flagship channel, also named Colors Cineplex, primarily broadcasts Bollywood films, catering to a broad audience with a mix of contemporary hits, classic cinema and Sports events. It was launched on 8 May 2016 as Rishtey Cineplex.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETBrandEquity.com |title=Viacom18 rebrands Rishtey Cineplex and Rishtey to Colors Cineplex and Colors Rishtey - ET BrandEquity |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/media/viacom18-rebrands-rishtey-cineplex-and-rishtey-to-colors-cineplex-and-colors-rishtey/68149994 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=ETBrandEquity.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-25 |title=Rishtey Cineplex and Rishtey rebrand as ‘Colors Cineplex’ & ‘Colors Rishtey’ - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/rishtey-cineplex-and-rishtey-rebrand-to-colors-cineplex-colors-rishtey-94916.html |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |language=en}}</ref>
==History==
In June 2016 [[Viacom18]] decided to launch the channel in the UK as [[Rishtey Cineplex]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/rishtey-cineplex-gets-closer-to-uk-launch-2016|title=UK to replace existing film channel|publisher=BizAsia|date=26 June 2016|access-date=29 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724110033/http://www.media247.co.uk/bizasia/rishtey-cineplex-gets-closer-to-uk-launch-2016|archive-date=24 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It launched on 29 September 2016 on Sky, replacing UMP Movies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/rishtey-cineplex-makes-launch-on-sky-platform/|title=Rishtey Cineplex makes launch on Sky platform|work=BizAsia|date=29 September 2016|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref> The channel also launched in US on 5 October 2016 on [[Dish Network]].

The channel was launched on [[Freeview (UK)|Freeview]] on 17 January 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/rishtey-cineplex-set-for-launch-on-freeview/|title=Rishtey Cineplex set for launch on Freeview|work=BizAsia|date=16 January 2017|access-date=13 September 2018|author=Baddhan, Raj}}</ref> However, it was later removed on 1 July 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/rishtey-cineplex-leaves-freeview-line/|title=Rishtey Cineplex leaves Freeview line-up|work=BizAsia|date=1 July 2017|access-date=13 September 2018}}</ref>

In 2017, Viacom18 launched HD movie channel Cineplex HD and it was rebranded as Colors Cineplex HD in 2019.

In October 2017, the channel was launched in Virgin Media.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/rishtey-cineplex-mtv-beats-officially-launch-virgin-media/|title=Rishtey Cineplex & MTV Beats officially launch on Virgin Media|work=BizAsia|date=3 October 2017|access-date=13 September 2018|author=Baddhan, Raj}}</ref>

On 1 March 2019, Rishtey Cineplex was rebranded as Colors Cineplex and Cineplex HD as Colors Cineplex HD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adgully.com/rishtey-cineplex-and-rishtey-get-rechristened-as-colors-cineplex--colors-rishtey-83812.html|title=Rishtey Cineplex and Rishtey get rechristened as 'Colors Cineplex' & 'Colors Rishtey'|publisher=Adgully Bureau|website=www.adgully.com|date=25 February 2019 }}</ref>

Viacom18 relaunched Rishtey Cineplex on 5 June 2020 on [[DD Free Dish]]. Viacom18 launched another Hindi movie channel [[Colors Cineplex Bollywood]] on 1 April 2021.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/viacom18-to-launch-colors-cineplex-bollywood/article34089110.ece/|title=Viacom18 to launch Colors Cineplex Bollywood|publisher=The Hindu BusinessLine|date=17 March 2021|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref> The channel broadcasts [[Bollywood]] and the Hindi dubbed [[South India]]n movies.

== Channels ==
===Colors Cineplex Superhits===
'''Colors Cineplex Superhits''' is a [[Hindi language]] [[free-to-air]] movie channel in India, owned by [[JioStar]], a Joint Venture between [[Viacom18]] & [[Disney India]] It was launched on 1 April 2022. It replaced the movie channel Rishtey Cineplex.

Earlier, the channel broadcast both [[Bollywood]] and South Indian movies dubbed in Hindi. After the launch of [[Colors Cineplex Bollywood]] on 1 April 2021, the channel broadcast only South Indian Hindi-dubbed movies while the latter is a dedicated Bollywood movies channel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.campaignindia.in/article/viacom18-launches-colors-cineplex-bollywood/468435 |title=Viacom18 launches Colors Cineplex Bollywood|work=CampaignIndia.in|date=18 March 2021|access-date=2 June 2021}}</ref>

===Colors Cineplex Bollywood===
'''Colors Cineplex Bollywood''' is a [[Hindi|Hindi language]] [[free-to-air]] movie channel in [[India]], owned by [[JioStar]], a Joint Venture between [[Viacom18]] & [[Disney India]] The channel primarily focuses only on Bollywood movies<ref>{{cite news|title=Viacom18 expands its Hindi Movies cluster with the launch of COLORS Cineplex Bollywood|url=https://viacom18.com/media/viacom18-expands-its-hindi-movies-cluster-with-the-launch-of-colors-cineplex-bollywood/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Viacom18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=viacom18 gears up for launch of COLORS Cineplex Bollywood on April 1 - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/announcements-news/viacom18-gears-up-for-launch-of-colors-cineplex-bollywood-111655.html|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News - exchange4media}}</ref> and it became the third movie channel after Colors Cineplex and [[Colors Cineplex Superhits]] from the same parent company.

==Original shows==
* [[2020 Road Safety World Series|''Road Safety World Series'']] is a [[Twenty20|T20]] [[cricket]] competition organised by the Road Safety Cell of [[Maharashtra]] to raise awareness about road safety.<ref>[https://www.insidesport.co/unacademy-title-sponsor-for-road-safety-world-series-cricket/ Safety World Series cricket] 01-30-2020</ref><ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/tendulkar-versus-lara-in-road-safety-world-series-opener/article30809663.ece Tendulkar versus Lara in Road Safety World Series opener] 02-13-2020</ref> In the Road safety world series, Cricket world Legends will match against each other for a noble cause. It will be a series of 11 matches that will be played in the T20 format. The series features some big names in cricket from India, Australia, Sri Lanka, West Indies and South Africa like [[Sachin Tendulkar]], [[Virender Sehwag]], [[Yuvraj Singh]], [[Zaheer Khan]], [[Brian Lara]], [[Shivnarine Chanderpaul]], etc.<ref>[https://www.newsnation.in/sports/cricket/road-safety-world-series-2020-india-legends-squad-254303.html Road Safety World Series 2020] 02-18-2020</ref> and Former India captain [[Sunil Gavaskar]] is the commissioner of the series.<ref>[https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/cricket/tendulkar-lara-to-face-each-other-in-road-safety-world-series-opening-match20200213193641/ Tendulkar, Lara to face each other in Road Safety World Series opening match] 02-13-2020</ref> The series was aired from 7 to 22 March 2020 on Colors Cineplex. [[Ravi Gaikwad]], Chief of RTO, Thane (Konkan Range), Government of Maharashtra, is the founder of the Road Safety World Series, who integrated concept of Road Safety with sports to save lives on Indian roads and across the globe.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/ravi-gaikwad-man-with-a-mission/articleshow/71846517.cms|title=Ravi Gaikwad: Man with a mission|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=November 2019 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/colorscineplex/videos/-were-live-with-the-legends-of-cricket-join-us-now-to-know-what-the-big-announce/2739811636069736/|title=Colors Cineplex on Facebook Watch|via=www.facebook.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://newsable.asianetnews.com/cricket-sports/road-safety-world-series-how-cricketers-drove-home-point-road-safety-before-coronavirus-lockdown-q8yzsx|title=Road Safety World Series: Here's how cricketers drove home the point on road safety before COVID-19 lockdown|website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd}}</ref>

The man who has been supporting for the cause of road safety is Ravi Gaikwad, Senior Member of Road Safety Cell, Government of Maharashtra.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/sports/cricket/road-safety-cricket-series-gets-boost|title=Road Safety Cricket series gets boost|website=Free Press Journal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/video/show/news/special-conversation-with-ravi-gaikwad-who-connects-cricket-with-road-safety-campaign-530137|title=Special conversation with Ravi Gaikwad, who connects cricket with road safety campaign - रोड सेफ्टी मुहिम के लिए सचिन फिर उठाएंगे बल्ला वीडियो - हिन्दी न्यूज़ वीडियो एनडीटीवी ख़बर|website=khabar.ndtv.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/TimesNow/status/1201692050439061504 |title=Tweet |website=twitter.com |access-date=2021-02-16}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

Ravi Gaikwad, Chairman of Shant Bharat Surakshit Bharat appreciated Yohan Blake's visit to India and his efforts for road safety campaign, which required the need to educate the people and make them aware of their responsibilities so as to save as many lives as possible on Indian roads.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Yohan Blake to promote road safety in India|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/sports-news/yohan-blake-to-promote-road-safety-in-india-1.4282766|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200326090829/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/sports/sports-news/yohan-blake-to-promote-road-safety-in-india-1.4282766|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 March 2020|access-date=2020-08-18|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref>

* [[T10 League]] – Abu Dhabi T10 League season 5 was broadcast on the channel along with [[Rishtey Cineplex]] and [[Voot]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Viacom18 Bags exclusive TV and digital rights for Abu Dhabi T10 series|url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/news/viacom18-bags-exclusive-tv-and-digital-rights-for-abu-dhabi-t10-series-4096343.html|date=2021-08-17|access-date=2021-11-15|website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-18|title=We Welcome Viacom18 as our TV Broadcast and Digital Media Partner in India #IndiaBroadcast #ADT10News #InAbuDhabi #AbuDhabiT10|url=https://www.facebook.com/235094700347198/posts/1144526822737310/|access-date=2021-10-05|website=Facebook.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Network 18}}
{{Portal bar|Television|India}}

[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television stations]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television channels in India]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 2016]]
[[Category:Viacom18]]
[[Category:Movie channels in India]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Battle of Jammu (1774)

2026-01-15T15:26:41Z

Lucillecrale: adding first stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Sikh Interwarfare}}

{{infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Jammu
| partof = [[Sikh Interwarfare]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 1774
| place = [[Jammu]], [[India]]
| coordinates =
| map_type =
| latitude =
| longitude =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Jammu becomes tributary of [[Kanhaiya Misl]]
| result = Braj Dev-Kanhaiya-Sukerchakia victory
| status =
| combatant1 = [[File:Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|23px]] [[Raja Braj Dev|Braj Dev]] Faction [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Kanhaiya Misl]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Sukerchakia Misl]]
| combatant2 = [[File:Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|23px]] [[Ranjit Dev|Ranjit Dev faction]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Bhangi Misl]] [[File:Drapeau Chamba.png|23px]] [[Chamba State|Chamba]] [[File:Flag_of_Kangra_state.png|23px]] [[Kangra State|Kangra]]
| commander1 = [[File:Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|23px]] [[Raja Braj Dev|Braj Dev]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Charat Singh]]{{KIA}}
| commander2 = [[File:Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir.jpg|Dogra Flag of Jammu and Kashmir|23px]] Raja [[Ranjit Dev]] [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Jhanda Singh Dhillon|Jhanda Singh Bhangi]]{{Assassinated}} [[File:Kattar Dhal Talwar.jpg|23px]] [[Ganda Singh Dhillon|Ganda Singh Bhangi]]
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| strength3 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| casualties3 =
| notes =
}}

The '''Battle of Jammu''' was fought in 1774 between Raja Ranjit Deo of [[Jammu]], supported by Jhanda Singh Bhangi of the Bhangi Misl, and Brij Raj Deo, who was allied with [[Charat Singh Sukerchakia]] of the Sukerchakia Misl and [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]]. The conflict arose from a succession dispute between Ranjit Deo and his eldest son, Brij Raj Deo.{{sfn|Gupta|1939|p=34|ref=HariRamGupta1939}} It took place in the [[Jammu region]], part of the northern territories of the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{sfn|Gupta|1939|p=34|ref=HariRamGupta1939}}

==Background==
[[File:Painting of Raja Ranjit Dev of Jammu State smoking a hookah, ca.1775–1800.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Raja Ranjit Dev of Jammu]]
In the year 1774, a [[War of succession|succession dispute]] arose between Raja Ranjit Deo of Jammu, vassal of Jhanda Singh Bhangi and his eldest son, Brij Raj Deo.{{sfn|Hutchison|1994|p=89|ref=JohnHutchison1994}} Frustrated by his father for declaring the younger son Dalel Singh as his successor, Brij Raj Deo began a rebellion for enforcing his rights.{{sfn|Gupta|1939|p=34|ref=HariRamGupta1939}}{{sfn|Hutchison|1994|p=89|ref=JohnHutchison1994}}{{sfn|Singh|2010|p=99|ref=DalbirSingh2010}} The claimant, [[Raja Braj Dev|Brij Raj Dev]], on his part, sought aid from [[Charat Singh Sukerchakia]] and [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]] to support his claim.{{sfn|Hutchison|1994|p=89|ref=JohnHutchison1994}}

Ranjit Deo, being too weak to resist the united forces of Charat Singh Sukerchakia and Jai Singh Kanhaiya separately, appealed for military aid from his suzerain, [[Jhanda Singh Dhillon|Jhanda Singh Bhangi]].{{sfn|Hutchison|1994|p=89|ref=JohnHutchison1994}} Anticipating the arrival of such reinforcements, the forces of Jai Singh Kanahiya and Charat Singh Sukerchakia advanced and encamped on the bank of the Basantar River, close to the boundary of the Jammu territory with the [[Sialkot District]].{{sfn|Singh|2010|p=99|ref=DalbirSingh2010}}
[[File:Painting of Raja Braj Dev of Jammu State with his rani and their baby son Sampuran Dev, Jammu, ca.1787.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Raja Braj Dev of Jammu]]
Ranjit Deo, meanwhile, got his army organized with the help of staunchly allied chiefs from [[Chamba, Himachal Pradesh|Chamba]], [[Kangra, Himachal Pradesh|Kangra]], [[Nurpur, Himachal Pradesh|Nurpur]] and Basoli, in alliance with the troops provided by Jhanda Singh Bhangi to challenge the combine.{{sfn|Singh|2010|p=99|ref=DalbirSingh2010}}

==Battle==
The skirmishes between the two opposing forces developed into a full-scale battle at Dasuha, near the town of Zafarwal. The battle continued for 23 days without either side gaining a conclusive advantage.{{sfn|Singh|2010|p=99|ref=DalbirSingh2010}} On the twenty-third day, Charat Singh Sukerchakia was killed accidentally when his own gun backfired, causing the fatal injury to his forehead.{{sfn|Singh|2010|p=99|ref=DalbirSingh2010}}{{sfn| Siṅgha |1993|p=153|ref= BhagataSiṅgha1993}}{{sfn|Gupta|1999|p=215}}

The death of Charat Singh was a great loss for the allies, and therefore, their strength to resist the strong forces of Jhanda Singh Bhangi was weakened. Jai Singh Kanhaiya, knowing that the son of Charat Singh, [[Maha Singh]], was too young to challenge Jhanda Singh therefore decided that their safety lay in the death of the Bhangi Sardar. To ward off the threat from Jhanda Singh, Jai Singh is said to have plotted a conspiracy to have him killed.{{sfn|Gupta|1999|p=215}} A [[Mazhabi]] Sikh in the service of Jhanda Singh was bribed, it is said, to do the deed, and Jhanda Singh was shot dead from behind while walking alone in his camp.{{sfn|Gupta|1999|p=215}}{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=459|ref= SurjitSinghGandhi1999}}
==Aftermath==
Following the death of Jhanda Singh, his younger brother, [[Ganda Singh Dhillon|Ganda Singh]], who was present in the camp, was deeply affected. Demoralized by the loss, Ganda Singh chose to withdraw from Jammu, bringing the conflict to an end.{{sfn|Gupta|1999|p=215}} By realizing the growing power of [[Jai Singh Kanhaiya]], Raja Ranjit Deo made an agreement with his son Brij Raj Deo and allowed paying an annual tribute amount of 125,000 rupees.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=459|ref= SurjitSinghGandhi1999}} Jai Singh Kanahiya, satisfied with the settlement, set out to consolidate the power of the [[Kanhaiya Misl]].{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=459|ref= SurjitSinghGandhi1999}}

Before quitting Jammu, the young [[Maha Singh]] made a gesture of diplomacy by exchanging turbans with Brij Raj Deo. The ceremony was considered a token of lifelong brotherhood, an act that Mahan Singh later exploited to further his own strategic purposes.{{sfn|Gupta|1939|p=34|ref=HariRamGupta1939}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
===Works cited===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Siṅgha |first=Bhagata |date=1993 |publisher=Publication Bureau, [[Punjabi University]] |location=Punjab (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BihuAAAAMAAJ |title=A History of the Sikh Misals |ref=BhagataSiṅgha1993}}
* {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |date=1999 |publisher=[[Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers]] |isbn=9788121501651 |edition=3, illustrated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S1wwAQAAIAAJ&q=Jammu+Jhanda |title=History Of The Sikhs: The Sikh Commonwealth Or Rise And Fall Of Sikh Misls, Vol. Iv}}
* {{cite book |last=Gandhi |first=Surjit Singh |date=1999 |publisher=Singh Bros |isbn=9788172052171 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MiluAAAAMAAJ |title=Sikhs in the Eighteenth Century: Their Struggle for Survival and Supremacy |ref=SurjitSinghGandhi1999}}
* {{cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |date=1939 |publisher=S.N. Sarkar |location=Punjab |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZtS42Jxi9MC |title=History of the Sikhs: Trans-Sutlej Sikhs, 1769-1799 |ref=HariRamGupta1939}}
* {{cite book |last=Singh |first=Dalbir |date=2010 |url=https://archive.org/details/RiseGrowthAndFallOfTheBhangiMisal/page/n139/mode/2up |title=Rise, Growth And Fall Of Bhangi Misal |ref=DalbirSingh2010}}
* {{cite book |last=Hutchison |first=John |date=1994 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=9788120609426 |edition=reprint |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC&q=History+of+the+Panjab+Hill+States,+Volume+1 |title=History of the Panjab Hill States, Volume 1 |ref=JohnHutchison1994}}
{{refend}}

[[Category:Conflicts in 1774]]
[[Category:Wars involving the Sikhs]]

Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow

2025-12-30T15:53:54Z

Lucillecrale: Adding basic biography w/ refs - done

{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox hospital

| name = Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow
| org_group = [[Max Healthcare]]
| image = Sahara Hospital, Lucknow.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_size = 225
| caption = 
| pushpin_map =
| pushpin_relief = 
| pushpin_map_size = 
| pushpin_map_alt = 
| pushpin_map_caption = 
| logo =
| logo_size = 
| location = [[Lucknow]]
| region = [[Lucknow district]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.8505055|81.0243433|display=title}}
| address = Gomti Nagar
| healthcare = Private
| funding = For-profit
| speciality = [[general surgery]], [[oncology]], [[sports medicine]], [[obstetrics]], [[cardiology]], [[neurology]]
| standards = 
| emergency = Yes
| helipad =
| affiliation =
| patron =
| network =
| beds = 250 (expandable to 554 beds)
| founded = 2009
| closed = 
| website = {{URL|https://www.maxhealthcare.in/hospital-network/max-super-speciality-hospital-lucknow}}
| other_links = 
}}
'''Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow''' (formerly '''Sahara Hospital''') is a [[tertiary care]] private hospital in [[Lucknow]], capital city of [[Uttar Pradesh]] state of India. The hospital is owned by [[Max Healthcare]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-17 |title=Max: Sahara hosp gets a new name |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/max-sahara-hosp-gets-a-new-name/articleshow/109359429.cms |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==History==
Established as Sahara Hospital, this was the project of Sahara India Medical Institute Limited, a subsidiary of Sahara Prime City Limited. It sits on a {{convert|27|acre|adj=on}} campus at Lucknow's [[Gomti Nagar]] neighbourhood. It was designed by [[Mumbai]]-based architect [[Hafeez Contractor]].<ref name="ConstructionWorld2009">{{cite journal | title = Sahara Hospital | journal = Construction World | date = 1 July 2009 | accessdate = 7 October 2013 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-215345251.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050513/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-215345251.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 June 2014 | author = Narayan, Jayanthi}} </ref> The construction contract for the hospital building (set at {{INRConvert|490|m}}) was given to [[Larsen & Toubro]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/uploads/AnalystQ1200405.pdf | title=Engineering & Construction – Major Domestic Orders | publisher=Larsentoubro.com. [[Larsen & Toubro]] | date=30 June 2004 | accessdate=7 October 2013 | page=12 }}</ref> The total cost of the project was {{INRConvert|4|b}}, which also included the cost of medical equipment.<ref name="ConstructionWorld2009" /> Rising {{convert|70|m|ft}} and 19 floors, it was the tallest building in Lucknow when it opened.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.emporis.com/building/saharahospital-lucknow-india | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113011348/http://www.emporis.com/building/saharahospital-lucknow-india | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 November 2013 | title=Sahara Hospital | publisher=Emporis.com. [[Emporis]] | accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.emporis.com/city/lucknow-india/all-buildings | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113011345/http://www.emporis.com/city/lucknow-india/all-buildings | url-status=usurped | archive-date=13 November 2013 | title=Buildings in Lucknow | publisher=Emporis.com. [[Emporis]] | accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref>

The hospital was inaugurated on 12 February 2009 by Chhabi Roy, mother of founder and chairman of the Sahara India Pariwar [[Subrata Roy]].<ref name="Sahara">{{cite web | url=http://www.sahara.in/press25.html | title=Sahara opens Super Specialty Tertiary Care ' Sahara Hospital' in Lucknow | publisher=Sahara.in. Sahara India Pariwar | accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref>

In 2023, [[Max Healthcare]] bought this hospital for ₹940 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=BL Mumbai |date=2023-12-08 |title=Max Healthcare gets control of Lucknow’s Sahara Hospital in ₹940 crore transaction |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/max-healthcare-gets-control-of-lucknows-sahara-hospital-in-rs-940-crore-transaction/article67618854.ece |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-09 |title=Max Healthcare to buy Sahara Hospital for Rs 940 crore |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/gandhinagar/max-healthcare-to-buy-sahara-hospital-for-rs-940-crore-9060510/ |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> In April 2024 after takeover from [[Max Healthcare]], it was renamed as Max Super Speciality Hospital, Lucknow.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-04-17 |title=Max: Sahara hosp gets a new name |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/max-sahara-hosp-gets-a-new-name/articleshow/109359429.cms |access-date=2024-07-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
==Services==
Among the hospital's medical specialties are [[general surgery]], [[obstetrics]] and [[gynaecology]], [[orthopedics]], [[neurology]] and [[nephrology]].<ref name="Specialties">{{cite web | url=http://www.saharahospitals.com/specialities.html | title=Specialties | publisher=Saharahospitals.com. Sahara Hospital | accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref> There are two separate departments for [[oncology]]: the Department of Surgical Oncology, and the Department of Medical Oncology.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.saharahospitals.com/oncologysurgical.html | title=Oncology–Surgical & Medical | publisher=Saharahospitals.com. Sahara Hospital | accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref> The hospital started a [[hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]] programme in 2011.<ref>{{cite news | title = Sahara Hospital to start bone-marrow transplant | work = [[Hindustan Times]] | date = 25 September 2011 | accessdate = 13 October 2013 | url = http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2467580281.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140610050500/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2467580281.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 10 June 2014 | location = [[Lucknow]] }} </ref> Among other specialty services are [[cardiology]], [[physiotherapy]] and [[sports medicine]], and [[transfusion medicine]].<ref name="Specialties" /> The hospital has equipment for cardiac monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography.<ref name="Express">{{cite journal | url=http://healthcare.financialexpress.com/201103/management08.shtml | title=Sahara Hospital: Born to Serve | journal=[[Indian Express Limited|Express Healthcare]] |date=March 2011 | accessdate=13 October 2013}}</ref>

The hospital is the first medical centre in Uttar Pradesh to perform a successful elbow transplant and [[endoscopic]] cervical plate placement.<ref name="Express" /> Patients admitted in the 'critical care area' of the hospital can be monitored by the [[internet protocol cameras]]. In addition to physicians, this remote monitoring facility is provided to the relatives of patients, so that hygiene and sterility of such areas can be maintained.<ref name="AboutUs">{{cite web | url=http://www.saharahospitals.com/aboutus.html | title=About us – E-Medicine | publisher=Saharahospitals.com. Sahara Hospital | accessdate=8 October 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospital buildings completed in 2009]]
[[Category:Hospitals in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lucknow]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Nyctibatrachus grandis

2025-12-18T04:11:57Z

Lucillecrale: stub

{{Short description|Species of frog}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Nyctibatrachus grandis.jpg
| genus = Nyctibatrachus
| species = grandis
| authority = Biju ''et al.'', 2011
}}

'''''Nyctibatrachus grandis''''' is a [[species]] of [[frog]] in the genus ''[[Nyctibatrachus]]''. The species is also called as "Wayanad Night Frog" and "Wayanad Wrinkled Frog".<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Van Bocxlaer |first=Ines |last2=Biju |first2=S.D. |last3=Willaert |first3=Bert |last4=Giri |first4=Varad B. |last5=Shouche |first5=Yogesh S. |last6=Bossuyt |first6=Franky |date=2012 |title=Mountain-associated clade endemism in an ancient frog family (Nyctibatrachidae) on the Indian subcontinent |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055790311004982 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |publication-date=2011 |volume=62 |issue=3 |pages=839–847 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.027|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Etymology ==
This species was named using the latin word 'grandis' as the adults are largest in size among the ''Nyctibatrachus'' species''.''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Biju |first=S. D. |last2=Bocxlaer |first2=Ines Van |last3=Mahony |first3=Stephen |last4=Dinesh |first4=K. P. |last5=Radhakrishnan |first5=C. |last6=Zachariah |first6=Anil |last7=Giri |first7=Varad |last8=Bossuyt |first8=Franky |date=2011-09-15 |title=A taxonomic review of the Night Frog genus Nyctibatrachus Boulenger, 1882 in the Western Ghats, India (Anura: Nyctibatrachidae) with description of twelve new species |url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.3029.1.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=3029 |issue=1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3029.1.1 |issn=1175-5334|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3346621}}

[[Category:Amphibians described in 2011]]
[[Category:Nyctibatrachus|grandis]]
[[Category:Frogs of India]]
[[Category:Endemic amphibians of India]]

North Bengal Medical College and Hospital

2025-12-15T04:32:12Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Short description|Medical College & Tertiary referral hospital in Siliguri, West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox college
| name = North Bengal Medical College and Hospital
| image_name = North Bengal Medical College Logo.svg
| image_upright = .7
| motto = {{langx|la|Servitium Do Populum}}
| mottoeng = Serving the Population
| type = [[Public]] [[Medical college]] & Hospital
| established = {{Start date and age|1968|11|18}}
| academic_affiliations = [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
| top_free_label = Recognition
| top_free = {{hlist| [[National Medical Commission|NMC]] | [[Indian Nursing Council|INC]]}}
| founder = [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]]
| principal = Sanjay Kumar Mallick ''(acting)''
| dean = Anupam Nath Gupta
| address = Sushrutanagar, [[Siliguri]]
| city = Siliguri Metropolitan Area
| state = [[West Bengal]]-734012
| students = Totals: 200 UG seats (MBBS) 90 PG seats (MD & MS)
| country = India
| website = {{URL|https://nbmch.ac.in/}}
| coor = {{Coord|26.687|N|88.385|E|}}
| campus_type = Semi Urban
| campus_size = {{Convert|161|acres}}
}}

{{image frame|content={{Photomontage
| photo1a = NBMC Super Speciality Block.jpg|thumb|NBMCH Super speciality Block
| photo2a = NBMCH Main gate.jpg|thumb|Main gate
| photo2b = Departments.jpg|thumb|NBMC&H pre & para clinical college buildings, 2011
| photo3a = Renovated Academic Block.jpg|thumb|Academic Block after extension,2017
}}}}

'''North Bengal Medical College and Hospital''' ('''NBMC&H''') is a [[public university|public]] [[medical school|medical college]] and hospital in [[Siliguri]], West Bengal, India. Established in 1968, it is the first medical college in the northern region of West Bengal. It is one of the 26 government medical colleges in West Bengal and the largest in terms of area. The hospital has a bed strength of 1,500.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nbmch.ac.in/ |title=About us |website=www.nbmch.ac.in}}</ref>

== Latest events ==
In the recent [[2024 West Bengal train collision|train collision on 17 June 2024]], the injured people were brought up to this hospital. The [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] announced a compensation of ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) for the dead, ₹2.5 lakh (US$3,000) for those seriously injured and ₹50,000 (US$600) for those with minor injuries.

==History==
It was established in 1968 as the first medical college of North Bengal. Originally envisioned by [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], the planning was executed by [[Ajit Kumar Panja]], the then state health minister. Ajit Kumar Duttagupta joined as the first official principal of the college which was then known as North Bengal University Medical College. NBUMC was rechristened in August 1978 to North Bengal Medical College & Hospital and the administrative control went from [[University of North Bengal]] to [[Government of West Bengal]] and later to [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]].<ref name="auto">[http://nbmcexstudents.com/Info.htm The genesis of NBMC]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===The first batches===

The premedical classes started on 6.11.67 in a makeshift arrangement at Jackson medical school, Jalpaiguri. 2nd to 6th batch of students undertook their premedical course at Raigunj University College. 7th batch onwards, the students started their premedical course at NBMC campus, Sushrutanagar, their own place.<ref name="auto"/>

Classes for 1st-year MBBS course for 1st batch started on 18.11.68 in NBU campus. MBBS classes started in Sushrutanagar, the present site of NBMC in 1972. The first 5 batches had to migrate to SSKM hospital for their clinical lessons after passing 2nd prof. First 2 batches completed internship and housemanship there. The college got its recognition from the [[Medical Council of India]] in 1978.<ref name="auto"/>

===Introduction of postgraduation courses===

In 2004, the institute achieved the milestone to be reckoned as the Post-graduate institute with introduction of MD/MS courses in five specialised disciplines like Anatomy, Physiology, Community Medicine, Pathology and Anesthesiology, which were recognized by the [[Medical Council of India]] in 2007. Since then more postgraduate courses were added in the fields of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, General Medicine, General Surgery, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Orthopaedics, Paediatrics, Ophthalmology, Radiodiagnosis, Psychiatry, Otorhinolaryngology and other subjects.

===Increase of undergraduate seats===

From 2013 onwards Undergraduate seats had been increased by 50, which made the annual undergraduate students intake to 150 but from the year 2017 the newly added 50 seats were slashed by the MCI on grounds of lack of infrastructure but again in the year 2018, intake was increased to 150. From 2019 intake was again increased to 200 (EWS Scheme).

==Campus==

North Bengal Medical College & Hospital is located in Sushrutanagar, locally known as Noukaghat, to the west of [[Siliguri]], connected to the town by the 3rd Mahananda bridge. Sushrutanagar, Darjeeling, (situated at Thiknikata Gram Panchayet), otherwise referred to as 'medical' by the local people, is more or less 5 km from proper Siliguri.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbmcsu.com/campus/road-to-campus/ |title=Road to Campus |access-date=23 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714034100/http://www.nbmcsu.com/campus/road-to-campus/ |archive-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The nearest Railway Station is [[New Jalpaiguri]] about 11 km away and the nearest Airport is [[Bagdogra Airport]] about 9 km from the Campus
[[File:View from J.B.H.jpg|thumb|View from JBH[[File:UTTARAN.jpg|alt=Auditorium|center|frameless|UTTARAN]]Interiors of Uttaran]]
[[File:UTTORON-AUDITORIUM.jpg|thumb|The Auditorium of NBMCH, Uttaran]]

The college and hospital buildings, spread over a sprawling campus of {{convert|161|acre|km2}}, are connected by very long corridors which total a length of 2.6 km. The [[North Bengal Dental College]] and the Nursing Training College are also located in the same campus.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbmcsu.com/institute/campus/ |title=Campus - North Bengal Medical College |access-date=28 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510173820/http://www.nbmcsu.com/institute/campus/ |archive-date=10 May 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2021, the hospital established the [[Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratories|Virus Research & Diagnostic Laboratory]] (VRDL), which has been instrumental in testing for respiratory viruses, including during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Binita |date=30 Oct 2021 |title=New test facility at North Bengal Medical College and Hospital |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/new-test-facility-at-north-bengal-medical-college-and-hospital/cid/1836548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206214917/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/new-test-facility-at-north-bengal-medical-college-and-hospital/cid/1836548 |archive-date=6 Dec 2022 |access-date=30 Oct 2021 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] 30.10.21, 03:04 AM}}</ref> By 2022, the hospital expanded its testing capabilities to include 21 different viruses, further strengthening its role in managing infectious diseases.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Paul |first=Binita |date=1 March 2022 |title=NBMCH to start test facility for 21 viruses |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/nbmch-to-start-test-facility-for-21-viruses/cid/1853956 |access-date=1 Mar 2022 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] 01.03.22, 02:22 AM}}</ref> In 2023, NBMCH planned to start adenovirus testing, capable of testing at least 50 samples per day from all North Bengal districts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 Mar 2023 |title=North Bengal Med College & Hosp to have adenovirus testing facility |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/north-bengal-med-college-hosp-to-have-adenovirus-testing-facility-510762 |access-date=5 March 2023 |work=millenniumpost 5 Mar 2023 10:53 PM}}</ref>

==Organisation and administration==
===Governance===
The college and hospital are funded and managed by the [[Government of West Bengal]]. [[File:Academic Block(AD Block).jpg|thumb|Academic Block(AD Block) 2011]]
[[File:Renovated Academic Block.jpg|thumb|Academic Block after extension,2017]]

===Principals===
* A. K. Dutta Gupta (09.11.1970 to 30.11.1973)
* S. C. Laha (01.12.1973 to 11.07.1974)
* L. K. Ganguli (12.07.1974 to 31.03.1978)
* J. N. Bhadury (01.04.1978 to 03.03.1981)
* S. K. Biswas (04.03.1981 to 21.10.1982)
* A. K. Ram (22.10.1982 to 21.03.1983)
* J. N. Bhadury (22.03.1983 to 10.12.1985)
* A. Nandy (11.12.1985 to 14.08.1985)
* P. K. Gupta (15.08.1986 to 31.03.1987)
* S. P. Banerjee (02.04.1987 to 04.08.1988)
* G. K. Das (05.08.1988 to 10.11.1992)
* P. K. Mukherjee (11.11.1992 to 04.05.1995)
* A. K. Kar (04.05.1995 to 14.06.1995)
* S. K. Basu (14.06.1995 to 25.03.1998)
* B. Sarkar (25.03.1998 to 27.10.1999)
* Dipti Basu (27.10.1999 to 07.09.2001)
* Udayan Ganguly (07.09.2001 to 06.09.2002)
* Utpal Kumar Datta (06.09.2002 to 31.03.2004)
* Sangita Bhattacharyya (31.03.2004 to 31.03.2006)
* J. B. Saha (31.03.2006 to 28.07.2006)
* Udayan Ganguly (28.07.2006 to 21.08.2009)
* J. B. Saha (21.08.2009 to 17.01.2011)
* T. K. Bhattacharya (17.01.2011 to 30.06.2011)
* Anup Kr. Roy (04.07.2011 to 2015)
* Samir Ghosh Roy (2015 to 2018)
* Gen. P. K. Deb (2018 to 2021)
* Indrajit Saha (2021 to 2024)
* Sanjay Kumar Mallick (2024 to present)

==Academics==
===Affiliation===
The college was affiliated to the [[North Bengal University]] since its inception. Starting from the 2003 admission batch, it is formally affiliated to the newly formed [[West Bengal University of Health Sciences]].

===Admission===

Entrance to the college for [[MBBS]] is on the basis of ranks achieved by the student in [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)]] conducted by the NTA, as is the case with nearly all other medical colleges in the country by a Supreme Court order.

For postgraduate courses, one has to clear the [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate)]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbe.gov.in/neetpg/aboutneet.php |title=Welcome to NEET NBE - About NEET |access-date=30 October 2012 |archive-date=26 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026234500/http://www.nbe.gov.in/neetpg/aboutneet.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Academic programmes===
<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbmcsu.com/education/undergraduate |title=Undergraduate – North Bengal Medical College |access-date=23 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714034303/http://www.nbmcsu.com/education/undergraduate/ |archive-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nbmcsu.com/education/postgraduate |title=Postgraduate – North Bengal Medical College |access-date=23 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714034258/http://www.nbmcsu.com/education/postgraduate/ |archive-date=14 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The courses offered are:

====Undergraduate courses====
[[File:Foundation Stone of North Bengal University Medical College.jpg|thumb|Foundation Stone of North Bengal University Medical College]]
[[File:Anatomy Dissection Hall.jpg|thumb|Anatomy Dissection Hall]]
* [[M.B.B.S.]] (Annual intake of 200 students)
* B.Sc. in Nursing
* GNM Nursing
* ANM Nursing

====Post-graduate courses====
* MD [[Anaesthesiology]] (11 seats)
* MD [[Biochemistry]] (4 seats)
* MD [[Community Medicine]] (3 seats)
* MD [[Medical jurisprudence|Forensic Medicine]] and [[Toxicology]] (2 seats)
* MD [[General Medicine]] (18 seats)
* MD [[Paediatrics]] (4 seats)
* MD [[Pathology]] (7 seats)
* MD [[Physiology]] (4 seats)
* MD [[Psychiatry]] (2 seats)
* MD Radiodiagnosis (6 seats)
* MS [[Anatomy]] (4 seats)
* MS [[Gynaecology]] and [[Obstetrics]] (9 seats)
* MS [[Ophthalmology]] (2 seats)
* MS [[Orthopaedics]] (2 seats)
* MS [[Oto-rhino-laryngology]] (2 seats)
* MS [[General Surgery]] (6 seats)
* M.Sc [[Nursing]]

====Research level (super-specialization)====
* [[Nephrology]]
* [[Cardiology]]
* [[Neurology]]
* [[Rheumatology]]
* [[Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery]]
* [[Pediatric Surgery]]
* [[Neurosurgery]]
* [[Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery]]
* [[Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery]]
* Selected by [[ICMR]]-[[NICED]] for establishment of Model Rural Health Research Unit (MRHRU). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengal to get its first MRHRU at NBMCH |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/kolkata/n-bengal-to-get-model-rural-health-research-unit-498741}}</ref>

====Paramedical and technologist under State Medical Faculty of West Bengal====
* D.M.L.T - Diploma in Medical Lab Technology
* D.P.T - Diploma in Physical Medicine
* D.Dial - Diploma in Dialysis.
* D.R.D - Diploma in Radiology.
* D.C.C.T-DIPLOMA IN CRITICAL CARE TECHNOLOGY.

===Conferences and workshops===

The college hosts numerous Undergraduate & Postgraduate Conferences throughout the year.
Notable Conferences hosted/will be hosted by the institution includes-
* NUMESCON- It is the national undergraduate medical students' conference of North Bengal Medical College held in the month of March. The conference has hands-on workshops, sessions by eminent speakers of the medical fraternity and various other interactive events.
The First Numescon was in 2015 and saw participation from all over India as well as neighbouring countries as Bangladesh.
* Embarkon – an annual intra-college Undergraduate conference & workshop

==Hospital services==
[[File:Super speciality Block.jpg|thumb|Super speciality Block of NBMCH]] [[File:Hospital Campus.jpg|thumb|Hospital Campus]]
[[File:Trauma care centre infront of OPD block..jpg|thumb|View of Trauma Care Facility (Level II) from OPD ticket Counter]]
* Emergency
* Outdoor services
* Indoor services
* Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (RBTC)
* Hybrid Critical Care Unit (HDU+CCU)
* Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU)
* Intensive Coronary Care Unit (ICCU)
* Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
* Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)
* Sick Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (SNCU)
* Trauma Care Facility (Level II)
* A.R.T Centre
* V.C.T.C
* V.R.D.L
* Preventive Cardiology
* Tele-Medicine
* Counselling
* Diagnostic & Investigation
* Fair Price Medicine Shop
* Intermediate State Reference Laboratory for Multi Drug Resistance-TB
* Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation centre (under PMR department)
* Pain Clinic (under PMR department)
* Super speciality Block
Selected under MoHFW PMSSY scheme (phase III) for super Speciality care (along with Medical College Kolkata, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Malda Medical College)
which would include 255 beds for super speciality care in neurosurgery, CTVS, Plastic surgery and Burn, Paediatric Surgery, Cardiology, Neurology and so forth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NBMCH plan for new units |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/nbmch-plan-for-new-units/cid/158624 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rs 150cr to NBMCH for super-speciality status - Hospital to use the funds to improve infrastructure and introduce new types of surgery |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/rs-150cr-to-nbmch-for-super-speciality-status-hospital-to-use-the-funds-to-improve-infrastructure-and-introduce-new-types-of-surgery/cid/218205 |access-date=2020-12-11 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-06 |title=New Super-Specialty Hospital To Be Handed Over To NBMCH {{!}} Siliguri Times {{!}} Siliguri News Updates |url=https://siliguritimes.com/new-super-specialty-hospital-handed-nbmch/amp/ |access-date=2020-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606162728/https://siliguritimes.com/new-super-specialty-hospital-handed-nbmch/amp/ |archive-date=6 June 2019}}</ref>

==Student life==
===Demography===
[[File:Playground behind Medicine Dpt.jpg|thumb|Playground behind Medicine Dept]]

Every year 200 (Initially it was started with 50 seats, increased to 100 then 150; 50 more seats increased from 2019) students graduate from the college. Besides, there are postgraduate students in various streams. Most students are from outside Siliguri and stay in the campus hostels. From the 2013 to 2014 session, it has been decided to increase the number of undergraduate (MBBS) seats by 50.

===Hostels===
====Boys====
* J.B.H. (Junior Boys Hostel) - for 1st year and 2nd-year students. (4 storied)
* N.B.H. (A.K Dutta Memorial Hostel) - for 3rd year and 4th-year students. (4 storied)
* S.B.H. (Senior Boys Hostel) - for final year students and interns
* Intern Hostel - for House staffs and Internees. The postgraduate trainees are also accommodated in the same hostel. (Near the Emergency Gate)
* P.G Boys Hostel- for post graduate students.

[[File:Rainbow over NBH & SBH.jpg|thumb|Rainbow over NBH & SBH]]

====Girls====
* L.H. (Ladies Hostel) - 2nd year and 3rd-year students and house staffs.
* K.G.H (Kadambini Ganguly memorial Girl's Hostel) - for 4th year, final year students, interns and house staffs.
* N.G.H. (New Girls Hostel) - for 1st-year students.
* P.G Girls hostel - for post graduate students.

===Associations===
* NBMC ex-students association

===Cultural programmes===
[[File:Corridors of NBMC.jpg|thumb|Corridors of NBMC]]
* The annual inter-college fest '''Plasma''' spanning 4 days is held in the month of September. It is a big event with noted artists performing and students displaying their creative fervour. Other than NBMC students, Plasma also sees active participation by students from nearby colleges like [[North Bengal Dental College]], [[Siliguri Institute of Technology]], [[North Bengal University]], [[Jalpaiguri Government Engineering College]].
* Ujan (উজান) - This is a popular Cultural Forum formed by the Medical, Dental and Paramedical students of this institution. "নবচেতনা"(Nabachetana) is the official magazine of Ujan.
* Students also celebrate Martyrs' day of Saheed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh, Mastarda Surya Sen, Khudiram Bose and birthday of Netaji, Norman Bethune every year.
* The ex-students re-union '''Nostalgia''' is held in the post weekend of 18 November o every year for two days in a row.
* The freshers' welcome takes place every year to greet the new batch of MBBS students.
* Students celebrate [[Saraswati]] Puja every year in traditional style.
* [[Rabindra Jayanti]] is another annual event marking the birthday anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore.
* The college Foundation Day is observed every year on 18 November.
* College also organises Grand Iftar, during Ramadan.
* Students also celebrates Kali Puja, During Diwali, Which is a unique event.

The college students have formed their own bands. Umami, Whistling Woods, Intoxication, Doctors Chamber, Bipolar and Phonation are the most famous in the campus.
2017, the Golden Jubilee year Plasma, was celebrated with the welcome of eminent band like Fossils.

== See also ==
* [[List of institutions of higher education in West Bengal]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
Refer [https://web.archive.org/web/20190606162728/https://siliguritimes.com/new-super-specialty-hospital-handed-nbmch/amp/ New Super-Specialty Hospital To Be Handed Over To NBMCH | Siliguri Times | Siliguri News Updates]

[https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/rs-150cr-to-nbmch-for-super-speciality-status-hospital-to-use-the-funds-to-improve-infrastructure-and-introduce-new-types-of-surgery/cid/218205 Rs 150cr to NBMCH for super-speciality status - Hospital to use the funds to improve infrastructure and introduce new types of surgery]

[https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/nbmch-plan-for-new-units/cid/158624 NBMCH plan for new units]

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110207171949/http://nbmcexstudents.com/ NBMC Ex Students Association]

{{Colleges affiliated to West Bengal University of Health Sciences}}
{{Darjeeling}}
{{West_Bengal_topics}}
{{authority control}}
{{coord|26.690527|88.385118|type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Medical colleges in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Darjeeling district]]
[[Category:Affiliates of West Bengal University of Health Sciences]]
[[Category:Education in Siliguri]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 1968]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in West Bengal]]

1963 elections in India

2025-12-14T00:17:05Z

Lucillecrale: adding first post more to come

{{Infobox election
| election_name = Elections in India
| country = India
| previous_election = 1962 elections in India
| previous_year = 1962
| election_date = 1963
| next_election = 1964 elections in India
| next_year = 1964
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Politics of India}}

{{short description|none}}

Elections were held for the Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly in 1963. The [[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]] secured the most seats – 14 of the 30 available.

==Legislative Assembly Election==
===Goa, Daman and Diu===
First Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly election was held in 1963 after annexing it in India.

{{Election results
|image=[[File:India Goa, Daman and Diu Legislative Assembly 1963.svg]]
|party1=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes1=100117|seats1=14
|party2=[[United Goans Party]]|votes2=74081|seats2=12
|party4=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes4=43100|seats4=1
|party5=[[Frente Popular (Goa)|Frente Popular]]|votes5=4548|seats5=0
|party21=Independents{{efn|Independents included two candidates of the [[Praja Socialist Party]]}}|votes21=27648|seats21=3
|invalid=10878
|electorate=
|source=<ref name=result1963>{{cite web |url=https://www.ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201963.pdf |title=Assembly Election - 1963 |publisher=Chief Election Commissioner of Goa |access-date=27 December 2021 |archive-date=30 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830123222/https://www.ceogoa.nic.in/pdf/PER/Assembly%20Election%20-%201963.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Esteves1966>{{cite book |last=Esteves |first=Sarto |title=Goa and its future |date=1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNQLAAAAIAAJ&q=Frente}}</ref><ref name=rodrigues1996>{{cite thesis |url=http://irgu.unigoa.ac.in/drs/bitstream/handle/unigoa/3920/rodrigues_m_d_c_1996.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |title=Opinion Poll in Goa - An evaluation of the method to settle the controversy |author=Maria Do Ceu Rodrigues |date=1996 |access-date=20 December 2021 }}</ref>
}}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{India-election-stub}}

==External links==
*[http://eci.nic.in Election Commission of India]

{{Indian elections}}
{{Legislatures of India}}

[[Category:1962 elections in India]]
[[Category:1962 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:1962 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in India by year]]
[[Category:1963 elections in India]]
[[Category:1963 in India]]
[[Category:Politics of India]]

Bali, Bagpat

2025-12-13T16:27:44Z

Lucillecrale: adding initial bio and citations

{{Tone|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| coordinates = {{coord|28.970|77.286|type:city_region:IN}}
}}
[[File:Hira Vila farmhouse located in Bali village, Baghpat.jpg|thumb|Hira Vila farmhouse located in Bali village, Bagpat]]

'''Bali''' is a village in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref name="Pradesh1966">{{cite book|author=India (Republic). Superintendent of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh|title=District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7IHAQAAIAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Superintendent, Print. and Stationery, U.P.}}</ref> It is located in the [[Baghpat]] [[Community development block in India|block]] of the [[Bagpat district]].<ref>[http://bagpat.nic.in/villagelist.pdf "Local Government Directory – All Villages of Baghpat District, Uttar Pradesh State"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106202023/http://bagpat.nic.in/villagelist.pdf |date=6 November 2015 }}. ''District Baghpat Official Website''.</ref>

== Administration ==
The village is administered by a [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]].<ref>[http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/DataEntry/HabitationDirectory/Reports/Rep_DirectoryList.aspx?Condition=P50votMRqBU%3D&id=Vaf5dEhAT3g%3D&StateName=EviwSIOpgOPcPzx1ySAj7g%3D%3D&DistrictName=4nlwDWnpU4w%3D&level=3SF6adRVTpM%3D&sublevel=zf5afxWBEDk%3D Integrated Management Information System (IMIS)]</ref> In 2021 the [[Sarpanch]] (village chief) at present smt Poonam Devi. He has served from 2016 to 2021

== Economy ==
Agriculture is the main occupation. Major crops include [[sugarcane]], [[wheat]] and [[rice]]. Vegetables including [[gourds]], [[pumpkins]], [[potatoes]], [[Okra|ladyfinger]], [[spinach]], [[radish]] and [[carrot]]s are cultivated. Some villagers work at Baghpat Cooperative Sugar Mills, one-half km from Baghpat city. There are many shops like grocery and dairy products, and also a tailor workshop "Ladies Clothes House".

== Education ==
The village has four schools: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel School, Shaeedh Manveer National School and two government schools. The nearest colleges are located in neighbouring towns Agarwal mandi tatiri, Baghpat, and Baraut.

== Facilities ==
The village has a small hospital. Neighbouring Baraut is home to Aastha Multi Speciality Hospital. Several bigger hospitals are located in Baghpat. Sarvodaya hospital is located in Tatari village.

== Transport ==
Baghpat Road Railway Station is 2 km from the village.

== Culture ==
Temples include Shiv Mandir, Baba Mohan Ram Mandir, Devi Mandir, Balmikhi Mandir, Ravidas Mandir, and Mata Mandir.

== Demographics ==
As of the 2011 India census, Bali had a population of 5,005 including 2,670 males and 2,335 females. Its literacy rate of 76.74% was above the state average. The literacy is higher among males (87.84%) than females (64.16%).<ref>[http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/119432-bali-uttar-pradesh.html "Bali Population – Baghpat, Uttar Pradesh"]. ''Census 2011''.</ref> Mandar clan of [[Gurjars]] form the majority of the population.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Bagpat district]]

List of cities in Madhya Pradesh by population

2025-11-11T16:28:24Z

Lucillecrale: basic adjust formatting after review and cleaned formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
[[Madhya Pradesh]] is one of the large state in India by population, Out of total population, 72.37% of population lives in [[Urban area|Urban]] area and 27.63% lives in [[Rural]] area. There are 416 cities in Madhya Pradesh, out of which 33 cities have population more than 1,00,000. There are 16 [[municipal corporation]]s, 99 [[municipalities]] and the rest are municipal councils in the state.<ref>https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/cities/madhyapradesh/</ref>

==List==
This is a list of [[urban agglomeration]]s and cities (those not included in the urban agglomerations), with a population above 100,000 as per the 2011 census in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 13 February 2016 }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" |Rank
!City
!District
!Population (2011)
!CityImage
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| '''Municipal Corporations'''
|-
|-
|'''1'''
|[[Indore]]
|[[Indore District]]
|21,67,447
|[[File:Indore IT Crystal Park.jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''2'''
|[[Bhopal]]
|[[Bhopal District]]
|18,83,381
|[[File:Inside view of Rani Kamlapati Railway Station 10.jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''3'''
|[[Jabalpur]]
|[[Jabalpur District]]
|12,67,564
|[[File:ShivStatueAtKachnarCityJabalpur.JPG|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''4'''
|[[Gwalior]]
|[[Gwalior District]]
|10,81,677
|[[File:The Jai Vilas Palace (Gwalior).jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''5'''
|[[Ujjain]]
|[[Ujjain District]]
|5,15,215
|[[File:Shri Mahakaleshwar Temple Ujjain - panoramio (4).jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''6'''
|[[Saugor|Sagar]]
|[[Sagar District]]
|3,70,296
|[[File:Chakraghat, Sagar.png|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''7'''
|[[Dewas]]
|[[Dewas District]]
|2,89,550
|[[File:Sayaji-Dwar, Dewas (M.P.).jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''8'''
|[[Satna]]
|[[Satna District]]
|2,74,556
|[[File:Indira Gandhi Girls College Satna.jpg|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''9'''
|[[Ratlam]]
|[[Ratlam District]]
|2,64,914
|[[File:Ratlam junction MP.png|thumb|100px]]
|-
|'''10'''
|[[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]]
|[[Rewa District]]
|2,35,654
|[[File:White Tiger Safari & Zoo.png|thumb|100px]]
|-
|
|-
|11
|[[Katni]]
|[[Katni District]]
|2,21,883
|-
|12
|[[Singrauli]]
|[[Singrauli District]]
|2,20,257
|-
|13
|[[Burhanpur]]
|[[Burhanpur District]]
|2,10,886
|-
|14
|[[Khandwa]]
|[[Khandwa District]]
|2,00,738
|-
|15
|[[Morena, Madhya Pradesh|Morena]]
|[[Morena District]]
|2,00,482
|-
! colspan="6" style="text-align:center;"| '''Municipality'''
|-
|16
|[[Bhind]]
|[[Bhind District]]
|1,97,585
|-
|17
|[[Guna, Madhya Pradesh|Guna]]
|[[Guna District]]
|1,80,935
|-
|18
|[[Shivpuri]]
|[[Shivpuri District]]
|1,79,977
|-
|19
|[[Chhindwara]]
|[[Chhindwara District]]
|1,75,052
|-
|20
|[[Vidisha]]
|[[Vidisha District]]
|1,55,951
|-
|21
|[[Chhatarpur]]
|[[Chhatarpur District]]
|1,42,128
|-
|22
|[[Mandsaur]]
|[[Mandsaur District]]
|1,41,667
|-
|23
|[[Damoh]]
|[[Damoh District]]
|1,39,561
|-
|24
|[[Neemach]]
|[[Neemuch District]]
|1,28,561
|-
|25
|[[Pithampur]]
|[[Dhar District]]
|1,26,200
|-
|26
|[[Narmadapuram]]
|[[Hoshangabad District]]
|1,17,988
|-
|27
|[[Khargone]]
|[[Khargone District]]
|1,16,150
|-
|28
|[[Itarsi]]
|[[Hoshangabad District]]
|1,14,000
|-
|29
|[[Sehore]]
|[[Sehore District]]
|1,09,118
|-
|30
|[[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]]
|[[Betul District]]
|1,03,330
|-
|31
|[[Seoni]]
|[[Seoni District]]
|1,02,343
|-
|32
|[[Datia]]
|[[Datia District]]
|1,00,284
|-
|33
|[[Nagda]]
|[[Ujjain District]]
|1,00,039
|-
|34
|[[Shajapur]]
|[[Shajapur District]]
|1,00,020
|}

==Urban agglomeration==
In the census of India 2011, an urban agglomeration was defined as follows:<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf | title = Urban Agglomerations and Cities |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date = 2012-04-16 }}</ref>

"An urban agglomeration is a continuous urban spread constituting a town and its adjoining outgrowths (OGs), or two or more physically contiguous towns together with or without outgrowths of such towns. An Urban Agglomeration must consist of at least a statutory town and its total population (i.e. all the constituents put together) should not be less than 20,000 as per the 2001 Census. In varying local conditions, there were similar other combinations which have been treated as urban agglomerations satisfying the basic condition of contiguity."

===Constituents of urban agglomerations in Madhya Pradesh===
The constituents of urban agglomerations in Madhya Pradesh, with a population of 1 lakh or above, are noted below.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of urban Agglomerations Having Population 1 Lakh & above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011|access-date = 2012-04-16 }}</ref>

*Indore Urban Agglomeration includes Indore (M Corp.), Bhangarh (OG), Tigaria Badshah (OG), Nipanya (OG), Talawali Chanda (OG), Kanadia (OG), Tigaria Rao (OG), Bhicholi Mardana (OG), Palda (CT), Bank (CT), Hukmakhedi (CT), Bangarda Chhota (CT), Ahirkhedi (CT), Piplya Kumar (CT), Bangarda Bada (CT), Limbodi (CT), [[Lasudiya Mori]] (CT) and Bhicholi Hapsi (CT).
*Bhopal Urban Agglomeration includes Bhopal (M Corp.) and Kolar (M).
*Jabalpur Urban Agglomeration includes Jabalpur (M Corp.), Regwa (OG), Khairi (OG), Rachai (OG), Lamti (OG). Tilhari (OG), Kugawan (OG), Andhuwa (OG), Chhiwlaha (OG), Bhatauli (OG), Jabalpur Cantt (CB), OF Khamaria (CT), GCF Jabalpur (CT), Bilpura (CT), Vehicle Fac Area Jabalpur (CT), Suhagi (CT), Manegoan (CT), Pipariya (CT), Karmeta (CT), Amkhera (CT), Maharajpur (CT) and Madai (CT).
*Gwalior Urban Agglomeration includes Gwalior (M Corp.) and Morar Cantt (CB).
*Sagar Urban Agglomeration includes Sagar (M Corp.+OG), Sagar (M Corp.), Gaur Nagar (OG), Sagar Cantt (CB), [[Rajakhedi]] (CT), Makronia Buzurg (CT), Bhainsa (CT), and Kapuria (CT).
*Satna Urban Agglomeration includes Satna (M Corp.) and Satna Rly Colony (OG).
*Ratlam Urban Agglomeration includes Ratlam (M Corp.) and Ratlam Rly. Colony (Ratlam Kasba) (CT).
*Chhindwara Urban Agglomeration includes Chhindwara (M), Khajari (OG), Khapabhat (OG), Kukadajagat (OG), Chandangaon (OG), Seoni Pranmoti (OG), Emaliya Bohata (OG) and Lonia Karbal (CT).
*Chhatarpur Urban Agglomeration includes Chhatarpur (M), Soura (part) (OG), Bagota (part) (OG), Moraha (part) (OG) and Amanganj (CT).
*Damoh Urban Agglomeration includes Damoh (M), Imlai (OG), Singpur Damoh (OG), Chopra Ryt (OG), Chopra Khurd (OG), Dharampura (OG) and [[Hirdepur]] (CT).
*Khargone Urban Agglomeration includes Khargone (M), Sukhpuri (OG), Dhamkheda (OG), Rahimpura (OG), Aarampura (OG), Dabariya (OG), Kajalpur (OG), Khedi Buzurg (OG), Sangvi (CT) and Jaitpur (CT).
*Neemuch Urban Agglomeration includes Neemuch (M) and Rly Colony (Kumariya) (OG).
*Itarsi Urban Agglomeration includes Itarsi (M), Pathrauta (part) (OG), Bhilakhedi (CT) and Meharagaon (CT).
*Sehore Urban Agglomeration includes Sehore (M) and Sherpur (Vaisali Nagar) (part) (OG).

::Abbreviations: M Corp. = Municipal corporation, M= Municipality, CT = [[Census town]], OG= Out growth, CB = Cantonment board

==Urban agglomeration constituents==
Urban agglomeration constituents with a population above 100,000 as per 2011 census are shown in the table below.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf | title = Cities having population 1 lakh and above |work= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 |access-date = 2012-04-16}}</ref>

{|class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size: 9pt"
|-
!rowspan="150" rowspan="1"|Urban agglomeration
!width="150" rowspan="1"| Name of constituent
!width="150" rowspan="1"| District
!rowspan="1"|Type
!rowspan="1"|Population 2011
!rowspan="1"|Male
!rowspan="1"|Female
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Population below 5 yrs
!width="90" rowspan="1"|Literacy rate
|-
|align="left"|[[Indore]]
|align="left"|[[Indore]]
|align="left"|[[Indore district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|1,960,631
|align="right"|1,020,883
|align="right"|939,748
|align="right"|225,111
|align="right"|87.38
|-
|align="left"|[[Bhopal]]
|align="left"|[[Bhopal]]
|align="left"|[[Bhopal district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|1,795,648
|align="right"|939,560
|align="right"|856,088
|align="right"|206,967
|align="right"|85.24
|-
|align="left"|[[Jabalpur]]
|align="left"|[[Jabalpur]]
|align="left"|[[Jabalpur district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|1,054,336
|align="right"|546,561
|align="right"|507,775
|align="right"|107,882
|align="right"|90.45
|-
|align="left"|[[Gwalior]]
|align="left"|[[Gwalior]]
|align="left"|[[Gwalior district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|1,053,505
|align="right"|560,880
|align="right"|492,618
|align="right"|114,190
|align="right"|86.20
|-
|align="left"|[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
|align="left"|[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]
|align="left"|[[Sagar district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|273,357
|align="right"|142,655
|align="right"|130,702
|align="right"|32,171
|align="right"|88.23
|-
|align="left"|[[Satna]]
|align="left"|[[Satna]]
|align="left"|[[Satna district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|280,248
|align="right"|147,924
|align="right"|132,324
|align="right"|31,822
|align="right"|86.33
|-
|align="left"|[[Ratlam]]
|align="left"|[[Ratlam]]
|align="left"|[[Ratlam district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|264,810
|align="right"|135,007
|align="right"|129,803
|align="right"|28,413
|align="right"|87.88
|-
|align="left"|[[Chhindwara]]
|align="left"|[[Chhindwara]]
|align="left"|[[Chhindwara district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|138,266
|align="right"|70,444
|align="right"|67,822
|align="right"|13,745
|align="right"|90.37
|-
|align="left"|[[Chhatarpur]]
|align="left"|[[Chhatarpur]]
|align="left"|[[Chhatarpur district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|133,626
|align="right"|70,586
|align="right"|63,040
|align="right"|16,381
|align="right"|84.57
|-
|align="left"|[[Damoh]]
|align="left"|[[Damoh]]
|align="left"|[[Damoh district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|124,979
|align="right"|65,133
|align="right"|59,846
|align="right"|14,712
|align="right"|87.10
|-
|align="left"|[[Khargone]]
|align="left"|[[Khargone]]
|align="left"|[[Khargone district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|106,452
|align="right"|54,684
|align="right"|61,768
|align="right"|13,378
|align="right"|82.96
|-
|align="left"|[[Neemuch]]
|align="left"|[[Neemuch]]
|align="left"|[[Neemuch district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|128,108
|align="right"|67,322
|align="right"|60,786
|align="right"|14,950
|align="right"|85.86
|-
|align="left"|[[Sehore]]
|align="left"|[[Sehore]]
|align="left"|[[Sehore district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|108,818
|align="right"|56,284
|align="right"|52,534
|align="right"|12,859
|align="right"|85.52
|-
|align="left"|[[Gadarwara]]
|align="left"|[[Gadarwara]]
|align="left"|[[Narsinghpur district]]
|align="left"|M Corp.
|align="right"|105,726
|align="right"|53,100
|align="right"|52,626
|align="right"|11,054
|align="right"|77.01
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Cities of India}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Madhya Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh-related lists|Cities]]
[[Category:Lists of cities in India by population|Madhya Pradesh]]

Tirupathur district

2025-09-24T14:26:43Z

Lucillecrale:

{{distinguish|Tiruppur district}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tirupathur district
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[List of districts of Tamil Nadu|District]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]
| image_skyline = Yelagiri Hills.jpg
| image_caption = Yelagiri Hills
| image_map = {{maplink |frame=yes
|frame-width=275 |frame-height=275 |frame-align=center
|text= '''Tirupathur district'''
|type=shape |id=Q66659621
|stroke-colour=#C60C30
|stroke-width=2
|title= Tirupathur district of Tamil Nadu
|type2=line|id2=Q1445|stroke-width2=1|stroke-colour2=#0000ff|title2=Tamil Nadu
}}
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu
| coordinates = 12.4950° N, 78.5678° E
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[File:TamilNadu Logo.svg|22px]] [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = Region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vellore]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 28 November 2019
| founder = [[Edappadi K. Palaniswami]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Tiruppattur, Tirupathur district|Tirupathur]]
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Tirupattur taluk|Tirupattur]] [[Vaniyambadi]] [[Ambur]] [[Natrampalli]]
| government_type = District Administration
| governing_body = Tirupattur District Collectorate
| leader_title1 = [[District Collector]]
| leader_name1 = Mrs. Soundaravalli, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title2 = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name2 = Shreya Gupta I.P.S., [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| area_footnotes = <ref name=TNGOV>{{Cite web|title=District List {{!}} Tamil Nadu Government Portal|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/district_view|access-date=2020-09-09|website=www.tn.gov.in}}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1,797.92
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,111,812
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=TNGOV/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 635601
| registration_plate = TN-83
| website = {{URL|tirupathur.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Tirupathur district'''<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Thirupathur District {{!}} Sandalwood City {{!}} India|url=https://tirupathur.nic.in/|access-date=2021-04-29|language=en-US}}</ref> is one of the 38 districts in the southern Indian state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. The district was formed in 2019 by the division of [[Vellore district]] into three smaller districts.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/chief-minister-inaugurates-tirupattur-as-35th-district-of-tamil-nadu/article30109691.ece|title=Chief Minister inaugurates Tirupattur as 35th district of Tamil Nadu|author=Staff Reporter|date=2019-11-28|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-12-24|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Its creation alongside [[Ranipet district]] was announced on 15 August 2019, and it was officially declared on 28 November 2019.'''<ref name=":0" />''' The town of [[Tirupattur]] serves as the district headquarters.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/vellore-district-to-be-trifurcated-nov-1-to-be-tamil-nadu-day/articleshow/70686198.cms|title=Vellore district to be trifurcated; Nov 1 to be Tamil Nadu Day|date=15 August 2019|first=Shanmughasundaram|last=J.|newspaper=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tn-s-vellore-district-be-split-3-tirupathur-and-ranipet-become-new-districts-107258|title=TN's Vellore district to be split into 3, Tirupathur and Ranipet to become new districts|date=2019-08-15|website=[[The News Minute]]|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-cm-palaniswami-announces-trifurcation-of-vellore-district-1581078-2019-08-15|title=Tamil Nadu CM Palaniswami announces trifurcation of Vellore district|date=August 15, 2019 |magazine=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/tamil-nadu-chief-minister-k-palaniswami-announces-trifurcation-of-vellore-district-2085534|title=Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Announces Trifurcation Of Vellore District|date=15 August 2019|website=NDTV.com|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=12 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vellore-district-to-be-trifurcated-says-edappadi-palaniswami/article29099936.ece|title=Vellore district to be trifurcated, says Edappadi Palaniswami|last=Jesudasan|first=Dennis S.|date=2019-08-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-08-15|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Geography ==
The district is bordered by [[Vellore district]] to the northeast, [[Krishnagiri district]] to the southwest, [[Tiruvannamalai district]] to the southeast, and the [[Chittoor district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] to the northwest. [[National Highway 48 (India)|National Highway 48]] passes through the district.

==Administrative Divisions==
Tirupattur district was created by the splitting off of the three southwestern [[Tehsil|taluks]] of Vellore district: [[Tirupattur taluk|Tirupattur]], [[Vaniyambadi taluk|Vaniyambadi]], and [[Ambur taluk|Ambur]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3304_PART_B_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf | title=District census handbook Vellore | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308151011/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/3304_PART_B_DCHB_VELLORE.pdf | archive-date=2022-03-08}}</ref> The district now includes [[Natrampalli]] for a total of four taluks.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=21 January 2021|title=About District|url=https://tirupathur.nic.in/about-district/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=25 January 2021|website=Tirupathur District|publisher=District Administration}}</ref>

=== Revenue Divisions and Taluks ===

[[Tirupattur division|Tirupattur Revenue Division]]: [[Tirupattur taluk|Tirupattur]], [[Natrampalli taluk|Natrampalli]]

[[Vaniyambadi division|Vaniyambadi Revenue Division]]: [[Vaniyambadi taluk|Vaniyambadi]], [[Ambur taluk|Ambur]]

'''Proposed Taluks:''' [[Jolarpettai]], [[Alangayam]]

=== Municipalities ===
# [[Tirupattur]]
# [[Jolarpettai]]
# [[Vaniyambadi]]
# [[Ambur]]

'''Proposed Municipalities:''' [[Natrampalli]], [[Alangayam]]

=== Town Panchayats ===
# [[Natrampalli]]
# [[Alangayam]]
# [[Uthayendram]]

'''Proposed Town Panchayats:''' [[Kandhili]], [[Madhanur]], [[Jaffrabad, Tamil Nadu|Jaffrabad]], [[Thuthipattu]], [[Kailasagiri_Tirupathur|Kailasagiri]], [[Pachchal]], [[Valayambattu]]

=== Panchayat Unions / Blocks ===
* [[Kandili block|Kandhili]]
* [[Tirupathur block|Tirupathur]]
* [[Jolarpet block|Jolarpettai]]
* [[Natrampalli block|Natrampalli]]
* [[Alangayan block|Alangayam]]
* [[Madhanur block|Madhanur]]

==Politics==
[[Tiruppattur, Vellore Assembly constituency]] is the assembly constituency. Since 2016 Tiruppattur, Vellore Assembly constituency is represented in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] by [[A. Nallathambi (DMK politician)|A Nallathambi]] of [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK party]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2016/01-List%20of%20sucessful%20Candidatestamil.pdf|title=LIST OF SUCCESSFUL CANDIDATES, Election Commission of India- State Election, 2016 to the Legislative Assembly Of Tamil Nadu|work=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=31 January 2017}}</ref> He was reelected in 2021.<ref name="ECI TN Election Results 2021">{{cite web |title=Tamil Nadu General Legislative Election 2021 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13680-tamil-nadu-general-legislative-election-2021/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tamil Nadu Election Results 2021 live {{!}} Tamil Nadu Assembly Election Results & Updates |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tamil-nadu/results |access-date=21 September 2021 |work=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

{{transcluded section|source=16th Tamil Nadu Assembly}}
{{#section:16th Tamil Nadu Assembly|MLA Header}}
{{#section:16th Tamil Nadu Assembly|Tirupathur district}}
|}
== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Tamil Nadu}}
{{Tamil Nadu}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tirupattur_district}}
[[Category:Districts of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Tirupathur district| ]]

{{TamilNadu-geo-stub}}

S. Austin

2025-09-20T16:53:02Z

Lucillecrale: stub - done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{BLP one source|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S. Austin
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| parents =
| spouse =
| footnotes =
}}

'''S. Austin''' is an Indian politician and Member of the Legislative Assembly. He was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Kanyakumari (State Assembly Constituency)|Kanyakumari constituency]] in [[2016 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|2016 election]].<ref>
Prior to his DMK tenure he was part of He Vijayakath's DMDK, MGR ADMK and AIADMK respectively.
[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf 2001 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Austin, S.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]

{{AIADMK-politician-stub}}

Flag of Chola

2025-09-20T13:08:27Z

Lucillecrale: brief fixed lead per standard format additionally and updated info for accuracy

{{Short description|Prabagaran Sokumaran}}
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Chola Flag
| Article =
| Image = Flag of Chola Kingdom.png
| Nickname = (''Chola Empire Flag'')
| Use =
| Symbol = Tiger
| Proportion =
| Adoption = ''c.'' 300 BCE
| Type =
}}

The '''Flag of Chola''' or '''Tiger Flag''' ({{Langx|ta|புலி கொடி}}) was used by the Tamil [[Chola dynasty]]. The Tiger or Jumping Tiger was the royal emblem of the Cholas and was depicted on coins, seals and banners. On the coins of [[Uttama Chola]], the Chola Tiger was shown sitting between the twin fish of [[Pandya]] and the bow of [[Chera dynasty|Chera]]. The flag of Chola is mentioned in [[Periya Puranam]],<ref name="PeriyaPuranam">[http://www.tamilvu.org/slet/l41C1/l41C1per.jsp?sno=51 Sekkizhar: “Chola of Cauvery country]</ref> which was compiled during the 12th century by [[Sekkizhar]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC&dq=book+kader+mohideen&pg=PA6 Glimpses of life in 12th century South India]</ref>

The [[Periya Puranam]] has following mention about Chola flag: <ref name="PeriyaPuranam" />
{{cquote|''பாட்டியற் றமிழுரை பயின்ற வெல்லையுட்'' 
''கோட்டுயர் பனிவரைக் குன்றி னுச்சியிற்'' 
''சூட்டிய வளர்புலிச் சோழர் காவிரி'' 
''நாட்டியல் பதனையா னவில லுற்றனன்.'' 
- ''பெரியபுராணம்''}}

==Contemporary derivatives==
The [[Flag of Tamil Eelam]] was inspired by the Chola flag.<ref>Daya Somasundaram (11.02.2014) ''Scarred Communities: Psychosocial Impact of Man-made and Natural Disasters on Sri Lankan Society'', SAGE Publications India, p. 73.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Flag of Pandya]]
* [[Flag of Pallava]]
* [[Flags of Tamils]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Flags of Tamils|Chola]]
[[Category:Obsolete national flags|Chola]]
[[Category:Flags displaying animals|Chola]]

{{Asia-flag-stub}}
{{Tamil-stub}}

Meghdhanushya — The Colour of Life

2025-09-16T05:18:54Z

Lucillecrale: Adding some details initial version

{{Redirect|The Colour of Life|other works of that title|Colour of Life (disambiguation){{!}}Colour of Life}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Meghdhanushya — The Colour of Life
| image =

| alt =
| caption = official poster
| native_name =
| director = [[K. R. Devmani]]
| producer = Mahendrabhai patel
| writer = [[Milan Devmani]]
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|4|25|Gadhinagar}}<ref>[http://www.gaystarnews.com/article/first-gujarati-film-gay-issues-released-india260413 ''First Gujarati film on gay issues released in India'']. [[Gay Star News]], 26 April 2013</ref>
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| budget =
}}

'''''Meghdhanushya — The Colour of Life''''' (2013) is the first movie to positively feature the [[Homosexuality in India|gay community]] in Indian [[Gujarati cinema]].<ref>[https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/MGUJ-ahmedabad-doctors-gay-on-creating-a-gujarati-film-2238559.html Ahmedabad doctors 'gay' on creating a Gujarati film – www.divyabhaskar.co.in]</ref><ref>[https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/article/MGUJ-AHM-meghdhanushya-film-goes-in-high-court-4462476-NOR.html meghdhanushya film goes in high court – www.divyabhaskar.co.in]</ref><ref>http://www.jaihinddaily.com/29903/jaihind-daily/22nd-March-2012#page/11/1 {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref> It is directed by [[K. R. Devmani]] and produced by [[Mahendra Bhai Patel]], with narration by [[Manvendra Singh Gohil]] and [[Sylvester Merchant]].<ref>[http://www.advocate.com/News/Daily_News/2011/11/07/Production_Ramps_Up_on_Gay_Indian_Film/ Production Ramps Up on Gay Indian Film | Advocate.com]</ref><ref>[https://photogallery.navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/12444084.cms Mallika Sarabhai, Onir and Manvendra Singh Gohil during a press meet for movie on homosexuality 'Meghdhanushya' in Ahmedabad]</ref>

This film portrays how [[lesbian]]s and [[gay]] men have a part in society, and shows their situations and conditions they experience.<ref>[https://epaper.indianexpress.com/29994/Ahmedabad/22-March-2012#page/18/1 Ahmedabad, 22 March 2012 : readwhere]</ref> Gohil notes that even five years ago the film would have been received negatively, but now has received an "A" ("Adults Only") rating from the [[Censor Board of India]].<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/328552/first-gujarati-film-gays-released.html ''First Gujarati film on gays released'']. [[Deccan Herald]], 25 April 2013</ref>

Because of the subject matter the filmmaker has had to seek legal relief to get the same tax incentives of other films.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/No-tax-relief-for-Gujarati-film-on-gays/articleshow/28656710.cms No tax relief for Gujarati film on gays? – Times Of India]</ref> They also faced censorship issues.<ref>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/375444/first-gujarati-gay-film-stalled.html#top First Gujarati gay film stalled, thanks to government diktat]</ref>

== Plot ==
In the film, three stages of life have been shown: childhood, youth, and adulthood.<ref name=autogenerated1>[https://www.deccanherald.com/content/328552/first-gujarati-film-gays-released.html First Gujarati film on gays released]</ref> The protagonist is Tanmay, a gay man who during childhood adopts feminine behaviours, concerning his parents. They consult a doctor, and apply parental and social pressure to modify their son. During his youth, he is pressured to marry, and derided by his fellow college students as "special". Eventually, he is forced to leave his home.

The film then turns to later in his life, when Tanmay and Aniket adopt a child together, naming him "Shlok". The boy grows to become a successful businessman, but his gay parents keep their distance from him to avoid burdening him with social stigma. Shlok meets a woman, Disha, whom he wishes to marry, but his parents' homosexuality becomes an impediment.

The film accordingly shows the social obstacles against gay people in Indian society, in a format divided into three separate vignettes.

== Promotion ==
[[Mallika Sarabhai]] and [[Onir]] are also supporting this film for awareness.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Press Meet: 'Meghdhanushya'|url = http://timescity.com/ahmedabad/party-pics/press-meet:-meghdhanushya/12444084.cms|website = timescity.com|accessdate = 2015-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = First Gujarati homosexuals releases|url = https://article.wn.com/view/2013/04/25/First_Gujarati_homosexuals_releases/|website = World News|accessdate = 2015-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Onir,Mallika Sarabhai,Manvendra Singh Gohil|url = http://dnasyndication.com/dna_photogallery_editorial_images/pid=DNAHM5815&filename=Onir_Mallika_Sarabhai_Manvendra_Singh_Gohil|website = dnasyndication.com|accessdate = 2015-09-22}}</ref>

== Stylistics ==
Instead of songs, Meghdhanushya film uses poetry to depict feelings in movie. Its poems are written by [[Milan Devmani]] and voiced-over by [[Dhvanit Thaker|RJ Dhvanit]] ([[Radio Mirchi]]) and [[RJ Devki]] ([[Red FM (India)|Red FM]]).<ref>{{Cite web|title = Meghdhanushya {{!}} The Colour of Life|url = http://www.meghdhanushyathefilm.com/|website = www.meghdhanushyathefilm.com|accessdate = 2015-09-22}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{youTube|DbkTKRm942c|Trailer}}
* {{IMDb title|12003710}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Meghdhanushya - The Colour of Life}}
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:Indian LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:2010s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:2013 LGBTQ-related films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Alleppey green cardamom

2025-09-02T21:01:56Z

Lucillecrale: adding first post w/ infobox

{{Short description|Variety of cardamom}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox geographical indication
| name = Alleppey Green Cardamom
| image = Cardamom Anakkara.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption =
| description = [[Cardamom]] grown in southern [[Western Ghats]]
| type = Agricultural
| area = Southern [[Kerala]] [[Kongu Nadu|Western]] and Southern [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| registered = 2007–08
| material =
| official website =
}}
'''Alleppey Green Cardamom''' is a variety of [[cardamom]] that originated from the present day of the [[States and union territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]]. The area of production of this variety of pepper spans across Southern Kerala, [[Kongu Nadu|Western]] and Southern [[Tamil Nadu]] along the [[Western Ghats]]. It finds mention in ancient [[Hindu]] texts and is one of the [[spices]] traded since antiquity.

== History ==
The spice is mentioned in ancient [[Hindu text]]s such as ''[[Arthashastra]]'', ''[[Susruta Samhita]]'' and ''[[Charaka Samhita]]''. In the fourth century BCE, it was traded with the [[Greeks]]. It later formed part of the spice trade with [[Ancient Rome|ancient Roman]]s, [[Arab]]s and other [[Europe|European]] kingdoms later. In 18th century, [[Travancore kingdom]] had monopoly over trade and export of cardamom in an understanding with the [[British Raj]]. This made all produce of cardamom in Travancore to be sold solely to the state depot at [[Alleppey]], which was the main trading port.<ref name="Kerala"/> This cardamom variety is called Alleppey cardamom not because it's grown in Alleppey rather it's because it was the main depot through which this cardamom was processed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-29/news/29357836_1_byadgi-chilli-cochin-ginger-vj-kurien|title=GI status to spice up branding of unique crop varieties|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|date=29 March 2011|access-date=21 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305043105/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-03-29/news/29357836_1_byadgi-chilli-cochin-ginger-vj-kurien|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Cultivation ==
The crop is cultivated across the southern slopes of the [[Western Ghats]] at altitudes ranging from {{cvt|800-1300|m}}. It grows in [[sandy loam]] or [[clay loam]] soil with [[pH]] less than seven. The plant grows up to {{cvt|3|m}} tall. It is a [[rainfed]] crop, usually grown during the [[South-west monsoon]] season in July to September. The seeds are planted during the monsoon and the seeds germinate after five to seven weeks. The plants start bearing capsules in about three years after planting. Flowering commences during April-May and the fruits mature in about four months. The capsules are harvested during October-November and can be done multiple times in a single season.<ref name="Kerala"/>

The area of production of this variety of cardamom spans across Southern Kerala, [[Kongu Nadu|Western]] and Southern [[Tamil Nadu]] along the [[Western Ghats]]. It was one of the [[spices]] traded with Arabs, and later with Europeans.<ref name="Kerala"/>

== Description ==
It is one of the oldest and popular varieties of cardamom. It consists of mature unripened and dried fruits of ''[[Elettaria cardamomum]]'' plants of [[Alpinioideae]] sub-family. The [[spice]] is light green in color with three cornered capsule and wrinkled appearance. On average, it measures {{cvt|21|mm}} in length and {{cvt|8|mm}} in diameter. It has a pleasant sweet flavor with a fruity odor. The flavor is due to the presence of Terpinyl acetate, [[cineole]], [[Linalool]] and [[Linalyl acetate]]. Because of its high oil content, it is used for oil production which is used as a [[aromatic oil]] and [[disinfectant]].<ref name="Kerala">{{cite report|url=https://sites.cdit.org/wto/index.php/alleppey-green-cardamom|title=Alleppey Green Cardamom|publisher=[[Government of Kerala]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

== Production ==
The harvested capsules are rinsed in running water. The cleaned capsules are dried on kilns to reduce the moisture content. The capsules can be dried naturally under the sun or using artificial methods. The dried capsules are separated into grades based on different parameters such as weight, size, color and odor. The cardamon is usually light green in color but might turn brown if the drying process is delayed after harvesting. It is usually stored in gunny bags at higher temperatures of up to {{cvt|65|°C}} with ventilation to prevent moisture accumulation.<ref name="Kerala"/>

== Geographical indication ==
It was declared as a [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical indication]] in 2007–08.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm|title=Geographical indications in India|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203233006/https://ipindia.gov.in/registered-gls.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The application for registration was made by [[Spices Board]], Ministry of Commerce and Industry, [[Government of India]].<ref name="GIJ">{{cite web|title=GT Application No. 72|url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/72|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Alpinioideae]]
[[Category:Kerala cuisine]]
[[Category:Tamil cuisine]]
[[Category:Piper (plant)]]
[[Category:Indian spices]]
[[Category:Spices]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Kerala]]
[[Category:Geographical indications in Tamil Nadu]]

Bhowneesh Mendiratta

2025-09-01T06:42:05Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Short description|Indian sport shooter}}
{{infobox sportsperson
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1999|06|30}}
| birth_place = [[Faridabad]], [[Haryana]], India
| alma_mater = [[Delhi University]]
| height = 1.78 m
| sport = [[Shooting sports|Shooting]]
| event = [[Trap shooting|Trap]]
| medaltemplates = {{Medal|Sport|Men's [[trap shooting]]}} [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2022 ISSF World Cup|2022 Changwon]]|[[2022 ISSF World Cup#Men's results|Trap team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships|2025 Shymkent]]|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships#Men - Senior|Trap]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Junior Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|Trap]]}}
}}
'''Bhowneesh Mendiratta''' (born 30 June 1999) is an Indian [[Trap shooting|trap shooter]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhowneesh Mendiratta |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM3006199901 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=[[International Shooting Sport Federation]]}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
He graduated from the [[Delhi Public School, Faridabad]] in 2017. He went on to study at the [[Delhi University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paralympic, Olympic participants get direct admission in DU |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/olympic-paralympic-sports-du-admission-2017-984972-2017-06-27 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
He started with [[double trap]] shooting, but gave it in favour of [[Trap shooting|trap]] after double trap was dropped as an Olympic event.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dutt |first=Tushar |date=2022-10-06 |title=Learnt to enjoy the sport from Virat Kohli: Bhowneesh Mendiratta |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/learnt-to-enjoy-the-sport-from-virat-kohli-bhowneesh-mendiratta/articleshow/94671269.cms |access-date=2023-10-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He was part of the team that won a silver medal at the trap competition at the [[2022 ISSF World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-14 |title=ISSF Shooting World Cup: Indian trio of Prithviraj, Vivaan, Bhowneesh capture silver in Trap team event |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/issf-shooting-world-cup-indian-trio-of-prithviraj-vivaan-bhowneesh-capture-silver-in-trap-team-event-article-92868854 |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref>

By finishing fourth at the [[2022 World Shotgun Championships]] in the men's trap competition, he won the first Indian quota for the [[2024 Summer Olympics|Paris Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-28 |title=Bhowneesh earns India's first Paris Olympics quota |url=https://www.espn.in/shooting/story/_/id/34684336/bhowneesh-mendiratta-earns-india-first-paris-olympics-quota-shooting |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=ESPN |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dey |first=Santadeep |date=2022-09-30 |title=Bhowneesh Mendiratta: Will do anything for the Olympic gold medal |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/national-games/bhowneesh-mendiratta-paris-olympics-2024-shooting-quota-issf-national-games-ahmedabad/article65954396.ece |access-date=2023-10-24 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mendiratta, Bhowneesh}}
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Diocese of Sultanpet

2025-08-24T22:07:10Z

Lucillecrale: started a info from scratch

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Diocese
| name = Sultanpet
| latin = Dioecesis Sultanpetensis
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
St Sebastian Cathedral, Sultanpet
| country = [[India]]
| territory = [[Palakkad district]]
| province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calicut|Calicut]]
| metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Calicut|Calicut]]
| archdeaconries =
| deaneries =
| subdivisions =
| coordinates = 

| area_km2 = 4,466
| area_sqmi = 
| area_footnotes =
| population = 4,260,435
| population_as_of = 2013
| catholics = 30,975
| catholics_percent = 0.7
| parishes = 31
| churches = 
| congregations = 
| schools = 4
| members = 

| denomination = [[Roman Catholic]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
| rite = [[Roman Rite]]
| established = 28 December 2013
| cathedral = [[Saint Sebastian Cathedral, Sultanpet]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Saint Sebastian]]
| patron_title = 
| priests = 46

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop =
| bishop = [[Peter Abir Antonisamy]]
| bishop_title = Bishop
| metro_archbishop = [[Varghese Chakkalakal]]
| coadjutor =
| suffragans = 
| auxiliary_bishops = 
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general = Rev Fr. Alese Sunder Raj
| episcopal_vicar =
| archdeacons = 
| emeritus_bishops = 

| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = http://sultanpetdiocese.org
| footnotes =
|headquarters=}}
'''Roman Catholic Diocese of Sultanpet''' ({{langx|la|Dioecesis Sultanpetensis}}) is a Roman Catholic diocese consisting of Palakkad district, [[Kerala]], India erected from the division of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Coimbatore]] and [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Calicut]], and a suffragan of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Verapoly]].<ref>[http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2013/12/28/0869/01952.html EREZIONE DELLA DIOCESI DI SULTANPET (INDIA) E NOMINA DEL PRIMO VESCOVO]</ref> Rev. [[Peter Abir Antonisamy]] clergy of [[Archdiocese of Pondicherry and Cuddalore]] was appointed as its first bishop. The parish church of San Sebastian, located in [[Sultanpet (disambiguation)|Sultanpet]] in the city of [[Palakkad]], is the cathedral of this diocese. At the time of its erection it was the 31st Catholic diocese in Kerala<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/New-diocese-of-Roman-Catholic-church-comes-up-in-Kerelas-Palakkad/articleshow/28063803.cms The Times of India: New diocese of Roman Catholic church comes up in Kerela's Palakkad]</ref> and 167th in India.<ref>[[Catholic Bishops' Conference of India]] Press Release:[http://cbci.in/FullNews.aspx?ID=1377 New Diocese Erected, Bishop Appointed]</ref> The diocese is almost coterminous with the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palghat]].

==Parish Council Members==
* Vicar General : Rev Fr. Alese Sunder Raj
* Parish President : Rev Fr. Jabamalai Lorance L
* Vice President : Christu raj
* Secretary : Justin
* Joint secretary : Antony

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsult.html Diocese of Sultanpet at Catholic-Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/sult0.htm Diocese of Sultanpet at GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{coord|10.7718|N|76.6602|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sultanpet, Roman Catholic Diocese of}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Kerala]]
[[Category:Churches in Palakkad district]]

Alapur Assembly constituency

2025-08-08T04:06:43Z

Lucillecrale: adding first pg and citations

{{short description|Assembly constituency in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Alapur
| constituency_no = 279
| map_image = 279-Alapur.svg
| mla = [[Tribhuvan Dutt]]
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| preceded_by = [[Aneeta Kamal]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Ambedkar Nagar district|Ambedkar Nagar]]
| reservation = None
| type= SLA
}}
'''Alapur''' is a constituency of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] covering the city of Alapur in the [[Ambedkar Nagar district]] of Uttar Pradesh, India. It is one of five assembly constituencies in the [[Sant Kabir Nagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. Since 2008, this assembly constituency is numbered 279 amongst 403 constituencies.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Alapur Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/alapur.html |access-date=2024-09-03 |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''Till 2012 : Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Bheem Prasad Sonkar]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Aneeta Kamal]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Tribhuvan Dutt]]
| style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Alapur<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Tribhuvan Dutt]]
|votes = {{formatnum:74165}}
|percentage = 35.55
|change = {{increase}}5.29
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Triveni Ram
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:64782}}
|percentage = 31.05
|change = {{decrease}}5.54
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Keshradevi Gautam
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:53061}}
|percentage = 25.43
|change = {{decrease}}4.19
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Premlata
|party = Vikassheel Insaan Party
|votes = {{formatnum:6778}}
|percentage = 3.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1538}}
|percentage = 0.74
|change = {{decrease}}0.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9383}}
|percentage = 4.5
|change = {{decrease}}1.83
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:208647}}
|percentage = 61.37
|change = {{increase}}0.23
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
[[Bharatiya Janta Party]] candidate [[Aneeta Kamal]] who won in last Assembly election of [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Elections]] defeating [[Samajwadi Party]] candidate Sangeeta by a margin of 12,513 votes.<ref name="2017 result">{{Cite web|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/alapur.html|title=Assembly result 2017|website=Elections.in|access-date=2017-08-25}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Alapur<ref name="2017 result"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aneeta Kamal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:72366}}
|percentage = 36.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Sangeeta
|votes = {{formatnum:59853}}
|percentage = 30.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Tribhuvan Dutt]]
|votes = {{formatnum:58591}}
|percentage = 29.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1949}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:12513}}
|percentage = 6.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:197802}}
|percentage = 61.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|loser = Samajwadi Party
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Alapur (SC)<ref name="election2012">{{Cite web |title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf |website=Eci.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Bheem Prasad Sonkar]]
|votes = 79,846
|percentage = 48.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Tri Bhuvan Dutt
|votes = 49,823
|percentage = 30.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Jay Ram Vimal
|votes = 11,587
|percentage = 6.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Triveni Ram
|votes = 9,902
|percentage = 5.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Jaswant
|votes = 3,927
|percentage = 2.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = JPS
|candidate = Anil Kumar
|votes = 2,087
|percentage = 1.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 9 Candidates
|votes = 8,663
|percentage = 5.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 30,023
|percentage = 18.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,65,835
|percentage = 58.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =+18.10
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Election results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|27.91|79.24|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Ambedkar Nagar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Sholavaram Aeri

2025-06-01T14:26:35Z

Lucillecrale:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Sholavaram Lake
| image = sholavaramaeri.jpg
| alt = View of Sholavaram lake
| caption =
| image_bathymetry =
| caption_bathymetry =
| location = [[Thiruvallur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| pushpin_map=Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_map_alt = Location of the lake within Tamil Nadu
| coords = {{Coord|13.22757|N|80.15024|E|region:IN_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}
| type = [[Reservoir]]
| inflow = 423 (cusecs)
| outflow = 400 (cusecs)
| catchment =
| basin_countries = India
| length =
| width =
| area =
| depth =
| max-depth =
| volume = {{convert|0.025|km3|acre.ft|abbr=on}}
| residence_time =
| shore =
| elevation =
| islands =
| cities = [[Chennai]]
}}

'''Sholavaram Aeri''', or '''Sholavaram Lake''', is located in [[Ponneri]] taluk of [[Thiruvallur]] district, [[Tamil Nadu]], India. It is one of the rain-fed reservoirs from where water is drawn for supply [[Chennai]] city from this lake to [[Puzhal lake]] through canals.

== History ==
{{Main|Sholavaram}}
Sholavaram lake was built prior to 1877, during [[British Raj|British rule]]. It is primarily known for its lake and motor racing. The lake is one of the main water sources for Chennai. The race track near Sholavaram lake used to be an air strip during World War II. Racing events were conducted from the early 1960s to the late 1980s. Racing events took place during February of every year. The track was T-shaped so the problem was discussed with rac in london and the Madras Motor club was advised that the width of the track should not be more than 35 feet. The 150 foot runway was divided by having an eighty-foot no-man's land in the centre, with 35 foot wide tracks on two sides. This gave a wide space in the centre and the ambulance, marshalls, etc. were all located in the centre 80 foot divide. Being a place that belonged to the army, the club could not say anything when someone in the army decided to test their new tanks and the Sholavaram runway was taken up by the army on several occasions to test tanks. So the Madras Motor Sports Club built a new track in Sriperumbadur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, but this track still evokes strong memories and nostalgia from many drivers and spectators.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Over The Past {{!}} Madras Motor Sports Club|url = http://www.madrasmotorsports.in/overthepast.php?current=Over|website = www.madrasmotorsports.in|accessdate = 2015-12-03|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121209010850/http://madrasmotorsports.in/overthepast.php?current=Over|archive-date = 9 December 2012|url-status = dead}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Sholavaram is a quiet town, 24 km north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Sholavaram lake is one of the largest lakes in Chennai. It is located near Sholavaram Airstrip, which has a T-shaped base where the Indian army used to test their activities. The canal has been connected in between Sholavaram and Puzhal lake. Peoples in the surroundings use the canal road to reach [[Tiruvallur district|Thiruvallur]] main road, [[Red Hills, Chennai|Redhills]] junction and also G.N.T road or National highway (NH5).

== 1983: Krishna River Water supply scheme ==
{{Main|Krishna River}}

An agreement was signed jointly by Governments of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh on 14 April 1976 to spare 15 thousand million cubic feet (TMC) of Krishna water to Chennai city. Following this, an accord between Andhra Pradesh Government and Tamil Nadu Government was signed on 18 April 1983 for drawing 15 TMC of Krishna water to Chennai City from Sri Sailam Reservoir to be conveyed through Somaseela and Kandaleru Reservoirs. Ultimately a net quantity of 12 TMC (after loss of 3 TMC en route in evaporation and seepage) will reach the Tamil Nadu border. Thus the water from Krishna river were stored in Sholavaram lake as well as Poondi Reservoir for drinking purposes.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Welcome to Chennai Metro Water|url = http://chennaimetrowater.gov.in/departments/operation/developwss.htm|website = chennaimetrowater.gov.in|accessdate = 2015-12-03|archive-date = 5 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305133520/http://chennaimetrowater.gov.in/departments/operation/developwss.htm|url-status = dead}}</ref>

== 2015: heavy rainfall ==
{{Main|2015 South Indian floods}}

In November and December 2015, North East monsoon brought heavy rainfall to the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu and Andhra pradesh. The water inlet of Sholavaram lake reached the maximum capacity of 595 (mcft) out of 881 (mcft). A few years ago the water surplus place was extended up to 200 (mcft) and the bunds were also repaired. During the heavy rainfall flow in the Sholavaram lake and its surroundings, crack found in the lake region. On 16 November 2015, 400 metre of crack found in same region due to clay soil. Water Resources Department took action and the lake has been under controlled. On 1 December 2015, the lake had an inflow of 423 (cusecs) and an outflow of 400 (cusecs).

==Capacity augmentation==
In April 2019, desilting work to restore the reservoir's capacity began at a cost of {{INR}}54.2 million, which would enhance the lake's storage by about 250 million cubic feet (mcft).<ref>{{cite news
| last =
| first =
| title = Work to restore capacity of Cholavaram reservoir begins
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| pages = 3
| language =
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 11 April 2019
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/work-to-restore-capacity-of-cholavaram-reservoir-begins/article26800062.ece
| accessdate = 22 June 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
*[[Puzhal aeri|Puzhal lake]]
*[[Red Hills, Chennai|Redhills, Chennai]]
*[[Poondi reservoir|Poondi Reservoir]]
*[[Water management in Chennai]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Hydrography of Chennai}}

[[Category:Lakes of Chennai]]
[[Category:Reservoirs in Tamil Nadu]]