https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Lucie45F0227 2026-08-15T07:25:52Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.6 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pattukkottai_Assembly_constituency&diff=524888 2026-05-05T21:43:47Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|One of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> | type = SLA<br /> | constituency_no = 176<br /> | map_image = Constitution-Pattukkottai.svg<br /> <br /> | established = 1951<br /> | district = [[Thanjavur district|Thanjavur]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency|Thanjavur]]<br /> | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]<br /> | party = {{Party index link|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> | mla = [[K. Annadurai]]<br /> | latest_election_year = 2021<br /> | name = Pattukkottai<br /> | electors = 242,420 <br /> | reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Pattukottai''' is a state assembly constituency in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu, in India. Elections and winners from this constituency are listed below.<br /> <br /> As per the 2010 draft electoral rolls released by the election commission, Pattukottai Assembly constituency comprises 1,77,798 voters (85,476 male and 83,902 female).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article848890.ece |title= Latest Draft electoral rolls for Pattukkottai | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu |date=2010-10-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides Pattukkottai Municipality, the Assembly segment includes [[Madukkur]] Town Panchayat, [[Adirampattinam]] Town Panchayat and a number of villages.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Tamilnadu/Final%20Notification%20&amp;%20Order%20.pdf |title=Pattukkottai Assembly Constituency and its extent}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Pattukkottai Assembly constituency has been a part of [[Thanjavur Lok Sabha constituency]] since the 2008 delimitation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |title=List of TN Assembly constituencies |publisher=Assembly.tn.gov.in |access-date=2010-09-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614070155/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/const_map/map.htm |archive-date=2012-06-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |title=List of the new TN MLA &amp; MP seats and their constituents |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515102633/http://elections.tn.nic.in/forms/int3.pdf |archive-date=2012-05-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to that, it fell within [[Pudukkottai Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/06/stories/2004050612450500.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040629085718/http://www.hindu.com/2004/05/06/stories/2004050612450500.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2004-06-29 |title= The Old Pudukottai MP constituency and its constituents | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2004-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of Legislative Assembly ==<br /> === Madras State ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1952]]<br /> | [[Nadimuthu Pillai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<br /> | [[R. Srinivasa Ayyar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<br /> | [[V. Arunachala Thevar]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<br /> | [[A. R. Marimuthu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Tamil Nadu ===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Year<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot;|Winner<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#666666; color:white&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Party<br /> |-<br /> | [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1971]]<br /> | [[A. R. Marimuthu]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Praja Socialist Party}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<br /> | A. R. Marimuthu<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<br /> | [[S. D. Somasundaram]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1984]]<br /> | [[P. N. Ramachandran]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989]]<br /> | [[K. Annadurai]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1991]]<br /> | [[K. Balasubramaniam]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1996]]<br /> | P. Balasubramanian<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]]<br /> | [[N. R. Rengarajan]]<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2006]]<br /> | N. R. Rengarajan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011]]<br /> | N. R. Rengarajan<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2016]]<br /> | C V sekar<br /> | {{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2021]]<br /> | K. Annadurai<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2026]]<br /> | K. Annadurai<br /> | {{Full party name with color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}<br /> |}<br /> &lt;ref name=&quot;cnnibn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Tamil Nadu Election Results|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]]|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tamilnadu-assembly-elections-result-2011/tamilnadu.cms|access-date=2011-05-13|archive-date=17 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517014513/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tamilnadu-assembly-elections-result-2011/tamilnadu.cms|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Election results==<br /> {{bar box<br /> |float=right<br /> |title= Vote share of winning candidates<br /> |titlebar=#ddd<br /> |width=300px<br /> |barwidth=275px<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2021|2021]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|32.16}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2016|2016]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|42.58}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2011|2011]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.91}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2006|2006]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|46.68}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#2001|2001]]|{{party color|Tamil Maanila Congress}}|47.49}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1996|1996]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|59.51}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1991|1991]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|62.07}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1989|1989]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|37.19}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1984|1984]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|51.04}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1980|1980]]|{{party color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|54.96}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|30.13}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1971|1971]]|{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}|62.95}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1967|1967]]|{{party color|Praja Socialist Party}}|54.60}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}|44.39}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|43.14}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[#1952|1952]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|41.93}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === 2026 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Annadurai |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|votes=65963 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C V Sekar|party=AIADMK-led Alliance|votes=49575 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= Kannan|party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=13145 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate= C Madhan|party=Tamilaga Vettri Kazhagam |votes=52209 |percentage= |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=738 |percentage= |change= }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=13754 |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes= |percentage= |change=}}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=|percentage= }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors =240954 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=|loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2021 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Pattukkottai Election Result|url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a176|access-date= 3 Jul 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Annadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=79,065 |percentage=32.16% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. R. Rengarajan]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=53,796 |percentage=21.88% |change=-20.69 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Balakrishnan |party=Independent politician |votes=23,771 |percentage=9.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Keerthika Anbu |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=10,730 |percentage=4.36% |change=+2.59 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. D. S. Selvam |party=Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=5,223 |percentage=2.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=B. Sadasivam |party=Makkal Needhi Maiam |votes=3,088 |percentage=1.26% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,026 |percentage=0.42% |change=-0.51 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=25,269 |percentage=10.28% |change= 2.83% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=245,832 |percentage=99.99% |change= 26.97% }}<br /> {{Election box rejected|votes=350|percentage=0.14% }}{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 245,863 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -10.41% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2016 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2016 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|access-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-date= 30 Apr 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430083638/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/TNLA2016/AC%20WISE%20CANDIDATE%20COUNT.pdf|title=Assembly wise Candidate Valid Votes count 2016, Tamil Nadu|website=www.elections.tn.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=C V sekar |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=70,631 |percentage=42.58% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Mahendran |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,273 |percentage=35.13% |change=-2.78 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Senthil Kumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=11,231 |percentage=6.77% |change=-25.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Muruganantham |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,039 |percentage=6.65% |change=-0.29 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Z. Mohamed Iliyas |party=Social Democratic Party of India |votes=3,923 |percentage=2.36% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Lakshmi |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=3,607 |percentage=2.17% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Geetha |party=Naam Tamilar Katchi |votes=2,940 |percentage=1.77% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=NOTA |party=None of the above |votes=1,541 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Sanjai Gandhi |party=Independent politician |votes=1,103 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Kubendran |party=Shiv Sena |votes=1,089 |percentage=0.66% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=12,358 |percentage=7.45% |change= 1.45% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=165,890 |percentage=73.02% |change= -4.98% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 227,191 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 4.67% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> === 2011 ===<br /> <br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report|url=http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf|title=Detailes Result 2011, Aseembly Election Tamil Nadu|work=Election Commission of Tamil Nadu|access-date=9 May 2021| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170215085458/http://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Web/Index_card_TNLA2011/10-DETAILEDRESULT_ver4.3.pdf| archive-date =15 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. R. Rengarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=55,482 |percentage=37.91% |change=-8.77 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Senthilkumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=46,703 |percentage=31.91% |change=+23.42 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. R. M. Yoganandam |party=Independent politician |votes=22,066 |percentage=15.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Murali Ganesh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,164 |percentage=6.94% |change=+5.33 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Senthilkumar |party=Independent politician |votes=6,775 |percentage=4.63% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Saravanan |party=Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi |votes=1,424 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Irene |party=Independent politician |votes=1,358 |percentage=0.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Singaravadivelan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,195 |percentage=0.82% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Inbarasan |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,186 |percentage=0.81% |change=-2.31 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,779 |percentage=6.00% |change= -6.18% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=146,353 |percentage=78.00% |change= 6.80% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 187,627 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -8.77% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2006===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 2006 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| access-date = 12 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007200819/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_TN_2006.pdf| archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. R. Rengarajan]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=58,776 |percentage=46.68% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Viswanathan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=43,442 |percentage=34.50% |change=+26.98 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Senthilkumar |party=Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam |votes=10,688 |percentage=8.49% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Jayabal |party=Independent politician |votes=6,230 |percentage=4.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Thoufeeq |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=3,931 |percentage=3.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Ravi Chandiran |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,029 |percentage=1.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Chinna. Saminathan |party=All India Forward Bloc |votes=822 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,334 |percentage=12.18% |change= 6.23% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=125,918 |percentage=71.20% |change= 10.33% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 176,850 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Tamil Maanila Congress |swing= -0.81% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===2001===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[N. R. Rengarajan]] |party=Tamil Maanila Congress |votes=55,474 |percentage=47.49% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Balasubramanian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=48,524 |percentage=41.54% |change=-17.97 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Elango |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,782 |percentage=7.52% |change=-0.71 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Adikesavan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,043 |percentage=0.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Jahirhussion |party=Independent politician |votes=980 |percentage=0.84% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kumaravel Thangam |party=Independent politician |votes=833 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. R. Chokalinga Solanga Nattar |party=Independent politician |votes=660 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,950 |percentage=5.95% |change= -22.68% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=116,819 |percentage=60.87% |change= -10.13% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 192,049 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Tamil Maanila Congress |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -12.02% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1996===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1996 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = 1996 Election Statistical Report| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007221700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-TN96.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[P. Balasubramanian]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=69,880 |percentage=59.51% |change=+23.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Baskaran Seeni |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=36,259 |percentage=30.88% |change=-31.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=G. Renganathan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=9,656 |percentage=8.22% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Namachivayam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,268 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=33,621 |percentage=28.63% |change= 2.31% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=117,423 |percentage=71.00% |change= 3.42% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 171,478 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -2.56% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1991===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1991| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007161404/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf| archive-date = 7 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Balasubramaniam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,764 |percentage=62.07% |change=+38.42 }}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Annadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=39,028 |percentage=35.75% |change=-1.44 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Rengasamy |party=Pattali Makkal Katchi |votes=857 |percentage=0.79% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Saminathan Chinna |party=Janata Party |votes=673 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=28,736 |percentage=26.32% |change= 13.08% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=109,169 |percentage=67.58% |change= -9.96% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 166,059 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 24.88% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1989===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1989| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006153620/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/StatisticalReportTamilNadu89.pdf| archive-date = 6 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[K. Annadurai]] |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=41,224 |percentage=37.19% |change=+1.43 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. R. Marimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,543 |percentage=23.94% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Baskaran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=26,215 |percentage=23.65% |change=-27.39 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. N. Ramachandran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=8,801 |percentage=7.94% |change=-43.1 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. Raman |party=Independent politician |votes=7,390 |percentage=6.67% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. R. Chokkalingam |party=Independent politician |votes=679 |percentage=0.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,681 |percentage=13.24% |change= -2.04% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=110,852 |percentage=77.54% |change= -2.61% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 145,353 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -13.85% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1984===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1984| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121208/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1984/StatisticalReportTamilNadu84.pdf| archive-date = 17 Jan 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. N. Ramachandran |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=50,493 |percentage=51.04% |change=-3.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. V. Subramanian |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,376 |percentage=35.76% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. D. Somasundaram]] |party=Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) |votes=12,111 |percentage=12.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. M. Namasivayam |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=509 |percentage=0.51% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=15,117 |percentage=15.28% |change= 4.27% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=98,923 |percentage=80.14% |change= -1.07% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 129,067 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -3.92% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1980===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1980 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1980| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006231656/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf| archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[S. D. Somasundaram]] |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=52,900 |percentage=54.96% |change=+25.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. R. Marimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=42,302 |percentage=43.95% |change=+13.82 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Mathivanan |party=Janata Party |votes=1,047 |percentage=1.09% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,598 |percentage=11.01% |change= 9.95% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=96,249 |percentage=81.21% |change= 6.30% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 119,533 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 24.83% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1977===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1977| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf| access-date = 19 April 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101007141448/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu77.pdf | archive-date = 7 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. R. Marimuthu]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=25,993 |percentage=30.13% |change=-6.92 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. R. K. Palaniapan |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=25,082 |percentage=29.08% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Srinivasan |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=24,142 |percentage=27.99% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Ramasamy |party=Janata Party |votes=9,227 |percentage=10.70% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Chandrasekaran |party=Independent politician |votes=1,100 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Kulandaiyan |party=Independent politician |votes=719 |percentage=0.83% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=911 |percentage=1.06% |change= -24.84% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=86,263 |percentage=74.91% |change= -5.88% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 116,450 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Praja Socialist Party |swing= -32.82% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1971===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title = Statistical Report on General Election 1971| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | access-date = 19 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006131227/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_TN_71.pdf | archive-date = 6 Oct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. R. Marimuthu]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=44,565 |percentage=62.95% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Nagarajan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=26,229 |percentage=37.05% |change=-6.47 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=18,336 |percentage=25.90% |change= 14.82% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=70,794 |percentage=80.79% |change= -4.75% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 92,580 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Praja Socialist Party |swing= 8.36% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1967===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web| last = Election Commission of India|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|title= Statistical Report on General Election 1967|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320175222/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Madras%201967.pdf|archive-date=20 March 2012|access-date= 19 April 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[A. R. Marimuthu]] |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes=35,198 |percentage=54.60% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=N. Ramasamy |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,056 |percentage=43.52% |change=+7.14 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. P. Vaithianathan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,217 |percentage=1.89% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,142 |percentage=11.08% |change= 3.07% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=64,471 |percentage=85.54% |change= 8.61% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 79,109 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Praja Socialist Party |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= 10.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1962===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|access-date= 19 April 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arunachala Thevar |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=35,151 |percentage=44.39% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=R. Srinivasa Iyer |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,806 |percentage=36.38% |change=-6.76 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Masilamani |party=Communist Party of India |votes=15,234 |percentage=19.24% |change=-8.37 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,345 |percentage=8.01% |change= -5.87% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=79,191 |percentage=76.93% |change= 14.79% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 107,011 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.25% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1957===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf| access-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf|archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=R. Srinivasa Iyer |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,237 |percentage=43.14% |change=+1.21 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Arunachala Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=16,435 |percentage=29.25% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Masilamani |party=Communist Party of India |votes=15,513 |percentage=27.61% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,802 |percentage=13.89% |change= 3.20% }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=56,185 |percentage=62.14% |change= -0.64% }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,416 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 1.21% }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===1952===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Pattukkottai&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1951| url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf| access-date=2014-10-14|archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Nadimuthu Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,372 |percentage=41.93% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Marimuthu |party=Socialist Party (India) |votes=15,926 |percentage=31.24% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Ramaswami Thevar |party=Independent politician |votes=11,577 |percentage=22.71% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=D. D. Dhasan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,100 |percentage=4.12% |change= ''New'' }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,446 |percentage=10.68% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=50,975 |percentage=62.78% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,195 |change = }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> * {{cite web|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|title= Statistical reports of assembly elections|access-date= 8 July 2010|publisher= Election Commission of India|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp|archive-date= 5 October 2010}}<br /> <br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|10.43|N|79.32|E|display=title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Thanjavur district]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]<br /> [[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dildariyan&diff=497087 2026-05-05T13:19:41Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2022 Indian Punjabi language TV series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size =<br /> | story = <br /> | genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] &lt;br&gt; [[Drama]]<br /> | starring = [[#Cast|See below]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | country = India<br /> | company = <br /> | language = Punjabi<br /> | num_episodes = 235<br /> | camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]<br /> | runtime = 22 minutes<br /> | network = [[Zee Punjabi]]<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2022|11|14|df=yes}}<br /> | last_aired = {{End date|2023|10|06|df=yes}}<br /> | related = ''Varudhini Parinayam''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Dildariyan''''' is an Indian [[Punjabi language]] television series which aired on [[Zee Punjabi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zee Punjabi's new show Dildariyaan starting today at 7:30 PM every Monday to Friday|url=https://iglobalpunjab.com/zee-punjabis-new-show-dildariyaan-starting-today-at-730-pm-every-monday-to-friday/?amp=1|access-date=2024-01-25|website=I Global Punjab| date=14 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It starred Navdeesh Arora and Priya Arora in lead roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Show Dildariyaan begins with a dramatic scene, watch Monday to Friday at 7:30 PM on Zee Punjabi|url=https://mirror365.com/new-show-dildariyaan-begins-with-a-dramatic-scene-watch-monday-to-friday-at-730-pm-on-zee-punjabi/|access-date=2024-01-25|website=Mirror 365|date=17 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an official remake of [[Telugu language|Telugu]] TV series ''Varudhini Parinayam''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zee Punjabi show Dildariyan: A family drama peppered with class differences and romance starts 14th November at 7:30 PM|url=https://www.hindustanmetro.com/zee-punjabi-show-dildariyan-a-family-drama-peppered-with-class-differences-and-romance-starts-14th-november-at-730-pm/|access-date=2024-01-25|website=Hindustan Metro|date=7 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt; It premiered from 14 November 2022 and ended on 6 October 2023 completing 235 episodes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Its Avni V/S Amber in the show Dildariyan|url=https://www.daily24x7news.com/entertainment/tv/its-avni-v-s-amber-in-the-show-dildariyan/|access-date=2024-01-25|website=Daily 24x7 News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> * Navdeesh Arora as Ambar&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zee Punjabi show Dildariyan: A family drama peppered with class differences and romance starts 14th November at 7:30 PM|url=https://filmibytes.com/zee-punjabi-show-dildariyan-a-family-drama-peppered-with-class-differences-and-romance-starts-14th-november-at-730-pm/|access-date=2024-01-25|website=Filmi bytes|date=7 November 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Priya Arora as Avani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Show &quot;Dildariyan&quot; Spoiler Alert: Does Avni really love Amber, or is it part of a plan?|url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/412107-Show-Dildariyan-Spoiler-Alert-Does-Avni-really-love-Amber-or-is-it-part-of-a-plan|access-date=2024-01-25|website=5 Dariya News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Adaptations ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; margin-right: 0;&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;color:white&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:20%;&quot;| Language <br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;&quot;| Title<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:13%;&quot;| Original release<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:16%;&quot;| Network<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;&quot;| Last aired<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#7b0c0c; width:18%;&quot;| Notes<br /> |-<br /> | [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | ''Varudhini Parinayam'' &lt;br&gt; వరూధినీ పరిణయం<br /> | 5 August 2013<br /> | [[Zee Telugu]]<br /> | 10 August 2016<br /> | Original<br /> |-<br /> | [[Tamil language|Tamil]]<br /> | ''[[Poove Poochudava (TV series)|Poove Poochudava]]'' &lt;br&gt; பூவே பூச்சூடவா<br /> | 24 April 2017<br /> | [[Zee Tamil]]<br /> | 4 September 2021<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| Remake<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kannada]]<br /> | ''[[Gattimela]]'' &lt;br&gt; ಗಟ್ಟಿಮೇಳ<br /> | 11 March 2019<br /> | [[Zee Kannada]]<br /> | 5 January 2024<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malayalam]]<br /> | ''[[Pookkalam Varavayi (TV series)|Pookkalam Varavayi]]'' &lt;br&gt; പൂക്കാലം വരവായ്<br /> | 1 July 2019<br /> | [[Zee Keralam]]<br /> | 26 September 2021<br /> |-<br /> | [[Odia language|Odia]]<br /> | ''[[Sathire]]'' &lt;br&gt; ସାଥିରେ<br /> | 3 October 2022<br /> | Zee Sarthak<br /> | 30 September 2023<br /> |-<br /> | [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]<br /> | ''Dildariyan'' &lt;br&gt; ਦਿਲਦਾਰੀਆਂ<br /> | 14 November 2022<br /> | [[Zee Punjabi]]<br /> | 6 October 2023<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<br /> | ''[[Mon Dite Chai]]'' &lt;br&gt; মন দিতে চাই<br /> | 2 January 2023<br /> | [[Zee Bangla]]<br /> | 24 May 2024<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Marathi language|Marathi]]<br /> | ''[[36 Guni Jodi]]'' &lt;br&gt; ३६ गुणी जोडी<br /> | 23 January 2023<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zee Marathi]]<br /> | 24 December 2023<br /> |-<br /> | ''[[Sanai Chaughade]]'' &lt;br&gt; सनई चौघडे<br /> | 16 March 2026<br /> | Ongoing<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/dildariyan/0-6-4z5251028 ''Dildariyan''] at [[ZEE5]]<br /> * {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> {{Zee Punjabi}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Zee Punjabi original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]<br /> [[Category:Remakes of Indian television series]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=TVS_Jupiter&diff=539212 2026-04-23T08:13:09Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding basic article first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox Motorcycle<br /> | name = TVS Jupiter<br /> | image = TVS Jupiter.jpg<br /> | aka = Jupiter&lt;br&gt;TVS Calisto (Indonesia)<br /> | manufacturer = [[TVS Motor Company]]<br /> | parent_company = <br /> | production = 2013–present<br /> | predecessor = <br /> | successor = <br /> | class = [[Types of motorcycles#Standard|Standard]]<br /> | engine = {{cvt|113|cc|abbr=on}} CVT-I, [[Four-stroke engine|4-stroke]], [[Air-cooled engine|air-cooled]], [[Overhead camshaft engine|OHC]], [[Single-cylinder engine|single-cylinder]]<br /> | power = {{convert|5.88|kW|bhp PS|abbr=on}} @{{nbsp}}7,500{{nbsp}}rpm<br /> | torque = {{convert|8|Nm|lbft|abbr=on}} @{{nbsp}}5,500{{nbsp}}rpm<br /> | transmission = Primary [[Continuously variable transmission|CVT]] &amp; secondary gearbox<br /> | suspension = [[Telescopic fork|telescopic]] suspension (front), gas charged mono-shock (rear)<br /> | brakes = Front: 130{{nbsp}}mm drum/disc, Rear: 130{{nbsp}}mm drum<br /> | tires = <br /> | rake_trail = <br /> | wheelbase = {{convert|1275|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | length = {{convert|1834|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | width = {{convert|650|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | height = {{convert|1115|mm|abbr=on}}<br /> | seat_height = <br /> | dry_weight = {{convert|104|kg|abbr=on}}<br /> | wet_weight = <br /> | fuel_capacity = {{convert|5.3|L|abbr=on}}&lt;br /&gt;Reserve: {{convert|1|L|abbr=on}}<br /> | related = [[TVS Wego]], [[TVS Scooty]], TVS Scooty Zest<br /> | caption = TVS Jupiter Grande<br /> }}{{Short description|Indian scooter}}<br /> The '''TVS Jupiter''' is a [[variomatic]] scooter launched in September 2013 by India's [[TVS Motor Company]].&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.autocarindia.com/auto-news/tvs-jupiter-scooter-launched-at-rs-44200-357266.aspx<br /> |title=TVS Jupiter scooter launched at Rs 44,200<br /> |date=16 September 2013<br /> |publisher=Autocar India<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; The launch of the scooter marked the company's entry into the part of the market that mainly targets both male and female consumers. This Variomatic Scooter is launched as a competitor of [[Honda Activa]].<br /> <br /> In July 2018, TVS Jupiter crossed the 2.5 million unit sales mark and became the second most sold scooter in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://auto.ndtv.com/news/tvs-jupiter-crosses-2-5-million-sales-milestone-in-india-in-5-years-1883117|title=TVS Jupiter Crosses 2.5 Million Sales Milestone In India In 5 Years - NDTV CarAndBike|website=CarAndBike|language=English|access-date=2019-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Pradeep |date=2018-07-16 |title=TVS Jupiter achieves 2.5 million sales in 5 years: What made Honda Activa rival taste this milestone |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/bike-news/tvs-jupiter-achieves-2-5-million-sales-in-5-years-what-made-honda-activa-rival-taste-this-milestone/1246099/ |access-date=2019-01-18 |website=The Financial Express |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 7 October 2021, TVS Launched the 125{{Spaces}}cc variant of the Jupiter in order to compete with the [[TVS Ntorq]], Honda Activa 125 and [[Suzuki Access 125]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=7 October 2021 |title=TVS Jupiter 125cc Launch Price Rs 73.4k – Honda Activa Rival |url=https://www.rushlane.com/tvs-jupiter-125cc-launch-price-rs-73-4k-honda-activa-rival-12414145.html |access-date=11 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; and uses an all new 124.8{{Spaces}}cc engine. In 2024, the Second generation Jupiter was launched in India which uses a 113{{Spaces}}cc engine.<br /> <br /> == Overview ==<br /> The Jupiter is powered by a [[Single-cylinder engine|single-cylinder]], [[Four-stroke engine|four-stroke]], {{cvt|110|cc|abbr=on}} engine and delivers {{Convert|5.88|kW|hp PS|abbr=unit}} at 7,500{{Spaces}}rpm. The scooter delivers a pick-up of 0 to {{Convert|60|km/h|mph|0|abbr=unit}} in 11.2 seconds.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.topgear.com/india/our-bike-reviews/jupiter/itemid-52?id=2609<br /> |title=TVS Jupiter review<br /> |date=December 2013<br /> |publisher=TopGear India<br /> |access-date=21 April 2015<br /> |archive-date=19 August 2018<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819084118/http://www.topgear.com/india/our-bike-reviews/jupiter/itemid-52?id=2609<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.autocarindia.com/auto-reviews/tvs-jupiter-review-test-ride-362166,3.aspx<br /> |title=TVS Jupiter review, test ride<br /> |date=28 October 2013<br /> |publisher=Autocar India<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; The scooter has an 'Econometer' and has a [[fuel efficiency]] of {{Convert|49|km/L|L/100km mpgU.S.|abbr=unit}}, per the manufacturer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/tvs-jupiter-scooter-review-almost-an-activabeater/1230400<br /> |title=TVS Jupiter scooter review: Almost an Activa-beater<br /> |date=1 March 2014<br /> |publisher=The Financial Express<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Special Edition ===<br /> In 2015, TVS Motor Company launched a new limited volume variant of the Jupiter, called the TVS Jupiter Scooter-of-the-Year Special Edition, created to celebrate the TVS Jupiter being named Scooter of the Year 2014 in India.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.motorbeam.com/2015/01/bikes/tvs-jupiter/tvs-jupiter-special-edition-launched-celebrate-1-year-awarded-scooter/<br /> |title=TVS Jupiter: TVS Jupiter special edition launched to celebrate 1 year as most awarded scooter<br /> |date=October 2014<br /> |publisher=[[motorbeam]]<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:TVS Jupiter Scooter.jpg|thumb|TVS Jupiter Scooter 2015 model in India]]<br /> TVS has successfully launched many models, such as the TVS Jupiter ZX, TVS Jupiter Classic, and the most recent TVS Jupiter Grande.<br /> <br /> === Jupiter 110 (2024) ===<br /> The 2024 model of the '''TVS Jupiter 110''' was launched with a redesigned exterior, a new look was introduced, and an updated 113.3{{Spaces}}cc engine that produces {{Convert|7.9|bhp|kW PS|abbr=unit}} and up to {{Convert|9.8|Nm|lbft|abbr=unit}} of torque with the iGO assist feature.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=TVS Motor |first=Team |date=2024-08-22 |title=New TVS Jupiter 110 Launched At ₹73,700 |url=https://www.tvsmotor.com/media/blog/all-new-tvs-jupiter-priced-at-rs-73700 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=TVS Motor |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=TVS Jupiter Launched Mild Hybrid at Rs 73,700/- |url=https://www.topgearmag.in/news/launches/tvs-launches-all-new-jupiter-110-mild-hybrid-at-rs-73700 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.topgearmag.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; Notable features of the 2024 Jupiter 110 include LED lighting, a digital console, and ''SmartXconnect'' technology, which enables Bluetooth navigation and notifications. Practical elements include a front-mounted fuel cap, a USB charging port, and an expanded 30-litre under-seat storage. The updated chassis, adapted from the TVS Jupiter 125, supports 12-inch wheels and a floorboard-mounted fuel tank, enhancing stability and ride quality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Vashisth |first=Mohit |date=2024-08-22 |title=New TVS Jupiter 110 launched at ₹73,700 with hybrid assistance |url=https://www.evoindia.com/news/new-tvs-jupiter-110-launched-with-hybrid-assistance |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Evo India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=2024 TVS Jupiter 110 first ride review — A game changer for the segment? |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/auto/reviews/2024-tvs-jupiter-110-first-ride-review-a-game-changer-for-the-segment/3591246/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title=2024 TVS Jupiter 110 review, first ride - Better equipped to take on the Honda Activa 6G! |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/bikes/story/2024-tvs-jupiter-110-first-ride-review-2587222-2024-08-24 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards ==<br /> In 2014, the [[NDTV]] Car &amp; Bike Awards named the TVS Jupiter the Scooter of the Year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Live Blog: NDTV Car and Bike Awards 2014 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/blogview/live-blog-ndtv-car-and-bike-awards-2014-733053 |access-date=2020-05-13 |website=NDTV.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; The TVS Jupiter also won awards from BBC Top Gear India and Bike India, which named it the Scooter of the Year, making it the most awarded scooter in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=December 2013 |title=TVS Jupiter: Scooter of the year |url=http://www.topgear.com/india/car-gallery/tvs-jupiter-scooter-of-the-year/itemid-89 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907022825/http://www.topgear.com/india/car-gallery/tvs-jupiter-scooter-of-the-year/itemid-89 |archive-date=7 September 2018 |access-date=12 May 2015 |publisher=TopGear India}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web |date=June 2014 |title=Two Wheeler Winners |url=http://sites.ndtv.com/cnbawards/two-wheeler-3/ |website=NDTV}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web |date=June 2014 |title=Bike India Awards 2014 – The Winners' List |url=http://bikeindia.in/bike-india-awards-2014-the-winners-list/ |publisher=Bike India}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; It also won the award for Excellence in Branding &amp; Marketing at the 5th CMO Asia Awards by World Brand Congress.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=5th CMO Asia Awards for Excellence in Branding &amp; Marketing Report 2014 |url=http://www.cmoasia.org/excellence_in_branding_and_marketing_2014.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201032006/http://cmoasia.org/excellence_in_branding_and_marketing_2014.html |archive-date=1 February 2017 |access-date=25 May 2015 |publisher=CMO Asia}}&lt;/ref&gt; TVS reached 500,000 scooters on the road in 18 months, which is a record in the Indian two-wheeler industry.&lt;ref&gt;<br /> {{cite web |date=May 2015 |title=TVS sells 5lakh Jupiter scooters in India |url=http://overdrive.in/news/tvs-sells-5-lakh-jupiter-scooters-in-india/ |publisher=Over Drive}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> <br /> * [[Ather Rizta]]<br /> * [[Honda Activa]]<br /> * [[Honda Dio]]<br /> * [[TVS iQube Electric|TVS I-Qube]]<br /> * [[Kinetic E-Luna]]<br /> * [[Suzuki Access 125|Suzuki Acces 125]]<br /> * [[Piaggio Vespa|Piagio Vespa]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{Official website|https://www.tvsmotor.com/tvs-jupiter/jupiter-disc-smartxonnect/}}<br /> <br /> {{Two wheelers in India|expanded=yes}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian motor scooters]]<br /> [[Category:TVS motorcycles]]<br /> [[Category:Motorcycles introduced in 2013]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plumbex_India&diff=525723 2026-04-22T08:36:22Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: creating the stub w/ infobox</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox exhibition<br /> | fetchwikidata = Q139417166<br /> | supressfields =<br /> | noicon =<br /> | qid =<br /> | dateformat =<br /> | name = Plumbex India<br /> | image = Plumbex India 2026, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre 04.jpg<br /> | image_upright =<br /> | image_size =<br /> | alt =<br /> | caption = Plumbex India 2026, [[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]]<br /> | native_name =<br /> | country = India<br /> | location = India<br /> | country_of_origin = India<br /> | start_point = <br /> | via_point =<br /> | end_point =<br /> | curator =<br /> | organiser = Indian Plumbing Association<br /> | sponsor =<br /> | funder =<br /> | affiliation =<br /> | exhibited =<br /> | follows =<br /> | followed_by =<br /> | official_website = <br /> | footnotes =<br /> }}<br /> '''Plumbex India''' is India's largest exhibition on water, [[sanitation]] and [[plumbing]].&lt;ref name=&quot;one&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plumbex India 2026: India's Largest Exhibition on Water, Sanitation and Plumbing Heads to Bengaluru |website=business-standard.com |url=https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/plumbex-india-2026-india-s-largest-exhibition-on-water-sanitation-and-plumbing-heads-to-bengaluru-126022300441_1.html |publisher=[[Business Standard]] }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=March 5, 2026 |title=Plumbex India 2026: India’s Largest Water, Sanitation, and Plumbing Exhibition Heads to Bengaluru |url=https://www.telugutimes.net/en/bnews/plumbex-india-2026-indias-largest-water-sanitation-and-plumbing-exhibition-heads-to-bengaluru-340367.html |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=telugutimes.net |publisher=Telugu Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=April 15, 2026 |title=City hosts Plumbexindia 2026 |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/karnataka/city-hosts-plumbexindia-2026-1065911 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plumbex India 2026 {{!}} Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India {{!}} Global Trade Fairs |url=https://globaltradefairs.com/tradefairs/event-details/plumbex-india-2026 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=globaltradefairs.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is organized by Indian Plumbing Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=PLUMBEX INDIA EXHIBITION 2026 |url=https://indianplumbing.org/event-activities/plumbex-india-exhibition-2026/ |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=/indianplumbing.org |publisher=Indian Plumbing Association |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The event is supported by the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]] (MoHUA) and the [[Ministry of Jal Shakti]] (MoJS), the two ministries of the [[Government of India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;one&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Events==<br /> Plumbex India 2026 was organized in [[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=:: BIEC - Premier International Exhibition Centre :: |url=https://www.biec.in/Calendar_event/2k26/plumbex.php |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=www.biec.in |publisher=[[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre]] |archive-date=2026-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260310005117/https://www.biec.in/Calendar_event/2k26/plumbex.php |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Plumbex India 2024 was organized in Jio World Convention Centre, Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Plumbex India Expo 2024 at Jio World Convention Centre |url=https://www.jioworldcentre.com/jio-world-convention-centre/events/Plumbex-India-2024 |access-date=2026-04-18 |website=www.jioworldcentre.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Plumbex India 2026 logo.jpg|thumb|right|Logo Plumbex India 2026, held in Bangalore International Exhibition Centre ]]<br /> <br /> ==Media gallery==<br /> {{Gallery<br /> |title=Plumbex India 2026, [[Bangalore International Exhibition Centre|BIEC]], Bengaluru<br /> |width=150 | height=150 |mode=nolines<br /> |File:Plumbex India 2026, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre 115.jpg<br /> |File:Plumbex India 2026, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre 119.jpg<br /> |File:Plumbex India 2026, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre 135.jpg<br /> |File:Plumbex India 2026, Bangalore International Exhibition Centre 41.jpg<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.plumbexindia.in Official website]<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Trade fairs in India]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subbu_Arumugam&diff=537723 2026-04-21T11:55:03Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding new entry initial version - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian musician and writer (1928–2022)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Subbu Arumugam<br /> | image = Subbu Arumugam of Tamil Nadu, in 2006 (cropped).jpg<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;<br /> | caption = Arumugam in 2006<br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if significantly different from common name --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|7|12|df=y}}<br /> | birth_place = Chatthiram Pudukulam, [[Tirunelveli]], [[Madras Province]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = {{Death date and age|2022|10|10|1928|7|12|df=y}}<br /> | death_place = [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India<br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Musician, Writer<br /> | years_active = <br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> | awards = [[Padma Shri]] (2021)&lt;br&gt;[[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]], [[Kalaimamani]] (1975)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Subbu Arumugam''' (12 July 1928 – 10 October 2022)&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/art-culture/padma-shri-awardee-and-popular-villupattu-exponent-subbu-arumugam-passes-away-101665401896332.html Padma Shri awardee and popular 'Villupattu' exponent Subbu Arumugam passes away]&lt;/ref&gt; was an Indian musician, writer and [[Villu Paatu|Villupattu]] theatre art exponent.&lt;ref name=gov&gt;{{cite news |title=Subbu Arumugam |url=https://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/citation_popup.php?id=1260&amp;at=2 |publisher=Sangeetnatak.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Subbu Arumugam |url=https://chennaiyilthiruvaiyaru.com/subbu-arumugam/ |publisher=Chennaiyilthiruvaiyaru.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Chitharth |first1=M |title=Villupattu exponents Subbu Arumugam, daughter get TN awards |url=https://newstodaynet.com/index.php/2019/08/19/villupattu-exponents-subbu-arumugam-daughter-get-tn-awards/ |publisher=Newstodaynet |date=19 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, he was awarded India's fourth-highest civilian award the [[Padma Shri]] in the Arts and Literature category.&lt;ref name=thenewsminute/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Ten from T.N. chosen for Padma Shri |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/ten-from-tn-chosen-for-padma-shri/article33663179.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=26 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; He published 15 books containing [[Villu Pattu]] narratives, songs, short stories and novels such as Veera Pandia Kattabomman. Some of his published notable works are ''Noolaga Villisai'', ''Ramayanam'', and ''Villisai Mahabharatham''.&lt;ref name=gov/&gt;<br /> <br /> Arumugam was born on 12 July 1928 at Chatthiram Pudukulam village of [[Tirunelveli district]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-W1OAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=Subbu+Arumugam+1928|title=Who's who of Indian Writers: 1999 : In 2 Vol. Vol. 1 A-M|first=K. C.|last=Dutt|date=10 October 1999|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=9788126008735 |via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt; He received training in the Villu Paatu theatre art under A. Subbaiah Pillai, [[N. Krishna Pillai]], and [[N. S. Krishnan]].&lt;ref name=gov/&gt; Arumugam had many Villu Pattu audio cassettes, videos, and devotional songs to his credit. Some of the other notable works include ''Kannile Nalla Gunam'', a video on [[diabetic retinopathy]], which was produced by [[Sankara Nethralaya]], Chennai, and ''Sattam, Sathyam, Samudhyam'', a video on legal matters, was produced by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=gov/&gt; He has also written comedy tracks, dialogues and lyrics for various films in India.&lt;ref name=thenewsminute&gt;{{cite news |title=P Anitha, 'Gearman' Subramanian, Bombay Jayashri among those conferred Padma Shri from TN |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/p-anitha-gearman-subramanian-bombay-jayashri-among-those-conferred-padma-shri-tn-142168 |publisher=[[The News Minute]] |date=25 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Arumugam performed Villu Paatu professionally for about 40 years from the 1930s up to the 1950s in various temples, schools, colleges, factories, corporate offices and media broadcasts.&lt;ref name=gov/&gt;<br /> <br /> Arumugam was awarded the [[Kalaimamani]] title in 1975 by the Tamil Nadu Eyal Isai Nataka Manram for excellence in the field of art and literature. Subbu Arumugam was honored with the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] for his contribution to the practice of Villu Paatu.&lt;ref name=gov/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Awards and recognition ==<br /> * [[Padma Shri]] by the [[Government of India]], 2021<br /> * [[Sangeet Natak Akademi Award]] by the [[Sangeet Natak Akademi]]<br /> * [[Kalaimamani]] Award by the Tamil Nadu Eyal Isai Nataka Manram, 1975<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Arumugam, Subbu}}<br /> [[Category:1928 births]]<br /> [[Category:2022 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Hindustani musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil musicians]]<br /> [[Category:People from Tirunelveli]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian musicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male musicians]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian musicians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male musicians]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Tamil Nadu]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Tamil writers]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Narendra_Singh_Bisht&diff=520597 2026-04-20T05:40:50Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new bio.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician, philanthropist and advocate (1915-1984)}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Narendra Singh Bisht<br /> | image =<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1915|03|15}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Pithoragarh]], [[Uttarakhand]], India<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1984|09|03|1915|03|15}}<br /> | death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]], India<br /> | office1 = Minister of Forest And education, [[Uttar Pradesh Government|U.P Government]]<br /> | term_start1 = 1970<br /> | term_end1 = 1971<br /> | office2 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]<br /> | constituency2 = [[Almora Lok Sabha constituency|Almora]]<br /> | term_start2 = 1971<br /> | term_end2 = 1977<br /> | predecessor2 = Jang Bahadur Bisht<br /> | successor2 = [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]<br /> | office3 = [[Member of Legislative assembly]], Uttar Pradesh<br /> | constituency4 = [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]<br /> | term_start3 = 1980<br /> | term_end3 = 1984<br /> | constituency3 = [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]]<br /> | predecessor3 = Kamal Kishan Pandey<br /> | successor3 = Kamal Kishan Pandey<br /> | term_start4 = 1952<br /> | term_end4 = 1971<br /> | predecessor4 = Constituency estabilished<br /> | successor4 = Hira Singh Bora<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | spouse = Shrimati Kunwarani Ratna Bisht (m.1950)<br /> | children = <br /> | date = <br /> | year = <br /> | relatives = [[Dan Singh Bisht]] (uncle)<br /> | source = <br /> | alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]] (L.L.B) <br /> }}<br /> '''Narendra Singh Bisht''' (15 March 1915 - 3 September 1984) was an Indian politician, philanthropist and advocate who served as a member of parliament from [[Almora Lok Sabha constituency]] and a former minister of Uttar Pradesh. He was a six time MLA from [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency]] as a member of the Indian National Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Garhwal |date=2022-03-31 |title=House pays tribute to Harbans Kapoor, GD Ojha {{!}} Garhwal Post |url=https://garhwalpost.in/house-pays-tribute-to-harbans-kapoor-gd-ojha/ |access-date=2025-08-14 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Loksabha members : Bisht , Shri Narendra Singh - Data is Info: Data is more useful if it is made available in a better format | url=https://datais.info/loksabha/members/Bisht+%2C+Shri+Narendra+Singh/3f1e62863516abe53ccd7b01c47d3c8c/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha Debates |url=https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/812687/1/08_I_18-01-1985_p7_p14_PII.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251231153111/https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/812687/1/08_I_18-01-1985_p7_p14_PII.pdf |archive-date=2025-12-31 |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=eparlib.sansad.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Education ==<br /> He had a degree of L.L.B from [[Allahabad University]].<br /> <br /> == Political career ==<br /> *1952- Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (1'st term)<br /> *1957- Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (2'nd term)<br /> *1957- Deputy minister in UP government<br /> *1962- Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (3'rd term)<br /> *1967- Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (4'th term)<br /> *1969- Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (5'th term)<br /> *1970- State minister for forest and education in UP government<br /> *1971- Elected to Almora lok sabha on Congress ticket<br /> *1977- Lost to [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] from Almora Lok Sabha<br /> *1980-Elected to Pithoragarh on Congress ticket (6 'th term)<br /> An able parliamentarian, he took keen interest in the proceedings of the House. He served as the Chairman and Member of various important Legislative Committees of the State Assembly and also on the Panel of Chairmen. He was deputed to British Parliament by the Uttar Pradesh Legislature to study parliamentary procedure and practice. An agriculturist and Advocate by profession. Shri Bisht took special interest in the economic and educational development of backward hilly areas in Uttar Pradesh and was associated with several District and State level organisations. A widely travelled person, Shri Bisht attended the Peace Conference at Helsinkiin 1967.<br /> <br /> ==Elections==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !width=75|Year<br /> !width=100|Constituency<br /> !width=70|Result<br /> !width=70|Vote percentage<br /> !width=175|Opposition Candidate<br /> !width=70|Opposition Party<br /> !width=70|Opposition vote percentage<br /> !width=25|Ref<br /> |-<br /> |[[1952 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 53.14% || Hoshiyar Singh || [[Independent politician|IND]] || 43.72% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf|title=Page No 365}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 48.47% || Jayant Lal || [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] || 40.34% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf|title=Page No 362}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 63.97% || [[Lilaram Sharma]] || [[Praja Socialist Party|PSP]] || 25.42% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf|title=Page No 534}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 53.24% || B.D. Patni ||[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]|| 25.73% || &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 55.45% || Mohan Singh Chand || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]] || 24.22% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf|title=Page No 525}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]|| [[Almora Lok Sabha constituency|Almora]] ||{{Won}}|| 75.96% || Shobhan Singh Jeena ||[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh|BJS]]|| 35.97% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf|title=Page No 549}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]|| [[Almora Lok Sabha constituency|Almora]] ||{{Lost}}|| 36.95% || [[Murli Manohar Joshi]] || [[Janata Party|JP]] || 63.05% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf|title=Page No 529}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]|| [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency|Pithoragarh]] ||{{Won}}|| 55.37% || Kamal Kishan Pandey ||[[Janata Party|JP]]|| 38.04% || &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf|title=Page No 562}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Personal life ==<br /> Narendra Singh was born to Late Chanchal Singh Bisht, a businessman in Pithoragarh on 15 March 2025. He was the nephew of famous local businessman, [[Dan Singh Bisht]]. He was from the influential Maldar family.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=HARGOVIND PANT |url=http://indianculture.gov.in/node/2801046 |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=INDIAN CULTURE |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He married Shrimati Kunwarani Ratna Bisht on 14 January 1950. He died on 3 September 1984, aged 69 in [[New Delhi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha Debates |url=https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/812687/1/08_I_18-01-1985_p7_p14_PII.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20251231153111/https://eparlib.sansad.in/bitstream/123456789/812687/1/08_I_18-01-1985_p7_p14_PII.pdf |archive-date=2025-12-31 |access-date=2026-03-18 |website=eparlib.sansad.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; After his death, his widow Ratna contested from [[Pithoragarh Assembly constituency]] in 1985 election on congress ticket but lost to Kamal Kishan Pandey. His brother Ravindra Singh (Kiran Maldar) contested from Pithoragarh Assembly constituency in 2007 but lost to [[Prakash Pant]].<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bisht, Narendra Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1915 births]]<br /> [[Category:1984 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:State cabinet ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:People from Pithoragarh district]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Uttarakhand]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1952–1957]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1957–1962]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1962–1967]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1967–1969]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1969–1974]]<br /> [[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]<br /> [[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 1980–1985]]<br /> [[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sharad_Sonavane&diff=534642 2026-04-16T07:36:30Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding some post added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | image =<br /> | office = Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | prime_minister1 = <br /> | term_start1 = 2014<br /> | term_end1 = 2019<br /> | predecessor1 = [[Vallabh Benke]]<br /> | successor1 = [[Atul Vallabh Benke]]<br /> | constituency1 = [[Junnar Assembly constituency]]<br /> | constituency = [[Junnar Assembly constituency]]<br /> | term_start = 2024-Present<br /> | term_end = <br /> | predecessor = [[Atul Vallabh Benke]]<br /> | successor = <br /> | birth_date = <br /> | birth_place = <br /> | occupation = [[Politician]]<br /> | children = <br /> | party = Independent<br /> | other_party = [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena]] (2022-2023)<br /> | alma_mater = <br /> | profession = <br /> | spouse = <br /> | sibling = <br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> '''Sharad Bhimaji Sonawane''' is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]]. He is a first term Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from the Junnar Assembly Constituency.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.newsreporter.in/sharad-bhimaji-sonavane-of-mns-wins-the-junnar-constituency-maharastra-maharastra-assembly-election-2014-548617 | title=Sharad Bhimaji Sonavane of MNs WINS the Junnar constituency Maharastra Assembly Election 2014 | work=newsreporter.in | accessdate=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections 2014 And 2024.==<br /> Sharaddada Bhimaji Sonavane won the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections 2014 And 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indianballot.com/candidate/Maharastra-Assembly-Election-2014-SHARADDADA%20BHIMAJI%20SONAVANE-49-1334.html | title=Maharashtra Election Constituencies | work=indianballot.com | accessdate=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.indiavotes.com/ac/detailwrank?stateac=30&amp;emid=241&amp;party=806&amp;radio=ac | title=Winner Candidates of MNS for 2014 | work=indiavotes.com | accessdate=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Political life==<br /> Sharad Bhimaji Sonavane was the member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Shiv Sena|Maharashtra Navanirman Sena]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://myneta.info/maharashtra2014/candidate.php?candidate_id=222 | title=SONAVANE SHARAD BHIMAJI (Winner) | work=myneta.info | accessdate=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was the only MLA of MNS who was elected in 2014 legislative assembly elections. He changed his party to shiv sena before the 2019 legislative assembly elections. He lost the election.<br /> <br /> == Positions held ==<br /> *[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra Legislative Assembly MLA]]<br /> *Terms in office:2014–2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/junnar.html | title=Junnar (Maharashtra) Assembly Constituency Elections | work=elections.in | accessdate=20 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Maharashtra Legislative Assembly MLA]] - 2024&lt;ref name=&quot;Maharashtra Assembly election results 2024 {{!}} Who won in Pune?2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |first1=Sruthi |date=23 November 2024 |title=Maharashtra Assembly election results 2024 {{!}} Who won in Pune? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-who-won-in-pune/article68901246.ece |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124060803/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/maharashtra-assembly/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2024-who-won-in-pune/article68901246.ece |archivedate=24 November 2024 |accessdate=12 December 2024 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pune district’s only independent candidate wins from Junnar&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pune-district-s-only-independent-candidate-wins-from-junnar-101732478643472.html|title=Pune district's only independent candidate wins from Junnar|date=25 November 2024|accessdate=1 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101160940/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/pune-news/pune-district-s-only-independent-candidate-wins-from-junnar-101732478643472.html|archivedate=1 January 2025|publisher=Hindustan Times|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sonavane, Sharaddada Bhimaji}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra Navnirman Sena politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]<br /> [[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]<br /> [[Category:Marathi politicians]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Shiv Sena politicians]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thural_Assembly_constituency&diff=541234 2026-04-16T04:54:43Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding initial article first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Former Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox Indian constituency<br /> |name = Thural<br /> |state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> |constituency_no = <br /> |type= SLA<br /> | map_image = <br /> | map_caption = <br /> | map_alt = <br /> |district = [[Kangra district]]<br /> | loksabha_cons = [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra]]<br /> |established = 1977<br /> |abolished = 2012<br /> |electors = &lt;!-- number of electors at last election. Add a ref --&gt;<br /> |reservation = None<br /> }}<br /> '''Thural''' was one of the 68 assembly constituencies of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern Indian state. [[Thural]] was also part of [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kangra Lok Sabha constituency]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Thural-in-Himachal-Pradesh Previous MLAs from Thural Assembly Constituency]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Members of the Legislative Assembly ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Year<br /> !Member<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Party<br /> |- <br /> | [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || [[Gian Chand]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || [[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]] || rowspan=2 | [[Kanwar Durga Chand]] || {{Full party name with color|Lokdal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || rowspan=4 | [[Ravinder Singh Ravi]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}<br /> |- <br /> | [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]] <br /> |- <br /> | [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]] <br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Election results ==<br /> ===Assembly Election 2007 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravinder Singh Ravi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=18,512 |percentage=46.48% |change={{decrease}}3.66 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chand Sapehia |party=Independent politician |votes=11,833 |percentage=29.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sanjay Rana |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,058 |percentage=10.19% |change={{decrease}}32.64 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chameli |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,975 |percentage=4.96% |change={{increase}}3.47 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Khushi Ram Bhuria |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=1,085 |percentage=2.72% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Navin Chand Katoch |party=Independent politician |votes=835 |percentage=2.10% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=293 |percentage=0.74% |change={{decrease}}0.19 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vijay Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=258 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,679 |percentage=16.77% |change= {{increase}}9.46 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=39,828 |percentage=65.00% |change= {{decrease}}6.36 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 61,275 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.72 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}3.66 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 2003 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravinder Singh Ravi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,278 |percentage=50.14% |change={{decrease}}4.83 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jagdish Chand Sapehia |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,467 |percentage=42.83% |change={{increase}}3.48 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balwant Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=1,774 |percentage=4.61% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Kumar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=574 |percentage=1.49% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Manikya Dev Chand |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=357 |percentage=0.93% |change={{increase}}0.16 }}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,811 |percentage=7.31% |change= {{decrease}}8.31 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=38,450 |percentage=71.36% |change= {{increase}}3.37 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 53,883 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.53 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.83 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1998 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravinder Singh Ravi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,132 |percentage=54.97% |change={{increase}}6.04 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aishwarya Dev Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,262 |percentage=39.34% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sansar Chand |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=988 |percentage=3.17% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Kumar |party=Independent politician |votes=420 |percentage=1.35% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mathur Dass |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=241 |percentage=0.77% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,870 |percentage=15.63% |change= {{increase}}12.33 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=31,167 |percentage=68.69% |change= {{decrease}}1.14 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,845 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.30 }}<br /> {{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.04 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1993 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ravinder Singh Ravi]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=13,685 |percentage=48.93% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kanwar Durga Chand]] |party= <br /> INC<br /> politician |votes=12,764 |percentage=45.64% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhari Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=992 |percentage=3.55% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwan Dass |party= |votes=225 |percentage=0.80% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Thakur Bhagwan Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=165 |percentage=0.59% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=921 |percentage=3.29% |change= {{decrease}}25.10 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=27,967 |percentage=69.66% |change= {{increase}}6.49 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 40,462 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.33 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Janata Dal |swing= {{decrease}}3.05 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ===Assembly Election 1990 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kanwar Durga Chand]] |party=Janata Dal |votes=12,626 |percentage=51.98% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aditya Dev Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,730 |percentage=23.59% |change={{decrease}}2.23 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=2,359 |percentage=9.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,494 |percentage=6.15% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhari Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,142 |percentage=4.70% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand]] |party=Independent politician |votes=281 |percentage=1.16% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=235 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Milap Chand Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=228 |percentage=0.94% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,896 |percentage=28.39% |change= {{decrease}}8.09 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=24,290 |percentage=63.27% |change= {{decrease}}0.26 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 38,784 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.95 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Dal |loser=Lokdal |swing= {{decrease}}10.32 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1985 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kanwar Durga Chand]] |party=Lokdal |votes=12,775 |percentage=62.30% |change={{increase}}40.90 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kartar Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=5,295 |percentage=25.82% |change={{decrease}}10.80 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhari Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=1,562 |percentage=7.62% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tek Chand Rana |party=Independent politician |votes=722 |percentage=3.52% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kuldip Chand Katoch |party=Independent politician |votes=151 |percentage=0.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=7,480 |percentage=36.48% |change= {{increase}}33.12 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=20,505 |percentage=63.38% |change= {{decrease}}4.06 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 32,604 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.71 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Lokdal |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}25.68 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1982 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Chandresh Kumari Katoch]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,423 |percentage=36.62% |change={{increase}}26.89 }}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Santosh Kumar |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,742 |percentage=33.26% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kanwar Durga Chand]] |party=Lokdal |votes=4,337 |percentage=21.40% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sain Dass Mehra |party=Independent politician |votes=573 |percentage=2.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bansi Ram |party=Communist Party of India |votes=462 |percentage=2.28% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piare Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=334 |percentage=1.65% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Banarsi Dass |party=Independent politician |votes=311 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=681 |percentage=3.36% |change= {{decrease}}39.59 }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=20,268 |percentage=67.87% |change= {{increase}}14.75 }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,271 |ref = |change= {{increase}}0.08 }}<br /> {{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}18.50 }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> ===Assembly Election 1977 ===<br /> {{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Thural&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> {{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Gian Chand]] |party=Janata Party |votes=8,705 |percentage=55.12% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tara Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,922 |percentage=12.17% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Parkash Chand |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,538 |percentage=9.74% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prabhat Chand Parveen |party=Independent politician |votes=1,059 |percentage=6.71% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhari Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=604 |percentage=3.82% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shambhu Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=456 |percentage=2.89% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Piare Lal |party=Independent politician |votes=447 |percentage=2.83% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dasaundi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=373 |percentage=2.36% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rup Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=355 |percentage=2.25% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jaishi Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=312 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}<br /> {{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,783 |percentage=42.95% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box turnout |votes=15,792 |percentage=52.88% |change= }}<br /> {{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,248 |ref = |change= }}<br /> {{Election box new seat win |winner=Janata Party |loser= |swing= }}<br /> {{Election box end}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> <br /> * [[Thural]]<br /> * [[Kangra district]]<br /> * [[Kangra (Lok Sabha constituency)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|31.93|76.46|display=title}}<br /> {{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kangra district]]<br /> [[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]<br /> [[Category:1977 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]<br /> [[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}<br /> {{India-constituency-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yendala_Soundarya&diff=546197 2026-04-13T02:51:18Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding first entry basic info - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian hockey player, coach (born 1989)}}<br /> '''Yendala Soundarya''' (16 September 1989) is a former Indian women's [[field hockey]] player from [[Telangana]] who earned over 145 caps.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2015-03-08 |title=Soundarya completes 100th appearance for India |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/soundarya-completes-100th-appearance-for-india-115030800765_1.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.business-standard.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; She plays as a centre-forward. She is part of the support staff of the coaching team of the [[India women's national field hockey team|Indian women's hockey team]] and the head coach of the Hockey5s team that won the silver medal at Hockey5s World Cup in 2024. She is also the first women's hockey player from Telangana to play for India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2015-07-05 |title=Women's Hockey: Soundarya, Rajani script history |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/soundarya-rajani-script-history/article7390240.ece |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Soundarya hails from [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]] in Telangana State. Her father Sailu is a mason and her mother Chandrakala works in a Beedi factory, rolling out beedis for a daily payment.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-05-15 |title=Rags to fame |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2009/Jul/08/rags-to-fame-66036.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has a sister and a brother. She did her schooling at Modern Public School, Nizamabad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Her first coach was Gloria Jesudoss, a former national player and goalkeeper from Karnataka. She was a product of [[Sports Authority of India]] hostel. She later joined [[Central Railways]] in sports quota.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Soundarya made her debut in 2006 when the Indian team toured Italy. In August 2009, she was part of the Indian Junior team that played the Junior World Cup at Boston, US under coach M. K. Kaushik. Next August, she played the [[2010 Women's Hockey World Cup]] at [[Rosario]], Argentina under coach Sandeep Somesh. In April 2014, she performed well as part of the Indian team that played test matches in Ireland&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2014-04-18 |title=India hockey eves beat Ireland 2-1, pocket series |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-hockey-eves-beat-ireland-2-1-pocket-series-114041800525_1.html |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.business-standard.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; and later in December, she also played the test matches against Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-12-02 |title=Test series will prepare us for World League Round 2: Women's Hockey Team Captain |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/test-series-will-prepare-us-for-world-league-round-2-womens-hockey-team-captain/articleshow/45347392.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-04-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 2015, she completed 100 caps at the Hero FIH Hockey World League Round 2 at [[Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium]], Delhi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; She also took part in the [[Field Hockey at the 2016 South Asian Games – Women|2016 South Asian Games]] at [[Guwahati]].<br /> <br /> === Career as a coach ===<br /> In April 2017, Soundarya graduated with flying colours passing the NIS coaching diploma from Sports Authority of India, South Centre, Bengaluru and was adjudged as the Outstanding Sportsperson of the batch.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DHNS |title=Isha, Yendala bag honours |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/isha-yendala-bag-honours-2002438 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2024, she was the coach of the Indian women's Hockey5s squad that won the silver medal at the inaugural Hockey5s World Cup in Muscat, Oman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-01-27 |title=Dutch thrash India 7-2 in Hockey5s Women's World Cup final |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/dutch-thrash-india-7-2-in-hockey5s-womens-world-cup-final-9130735/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-01-27 |title=FIH Hockey5s Women's World Cup: India finishes as runner-up, loses to Netherlands in final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/hockey/india-vs-netherlands-final-fih-hockey-5s-women-world-cup-score-goals-highlights-report-summary/article67784189.ece |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Earlier in 2023, she coached the team that qualified at the Asian World Cup qualifiers.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-08-23 |title=India to Open Campaign Against Malaysia in Women's Asian Hockey 5s World Cup Qualifier |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/india-to-open-campaign-against-malaysia-in-womens-asian-hockey-5s-world-cup-qualifier-8547108.html |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=International Hockey Federation |url=https://tms.fih.ch/matches/18700 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=tms.fih.ch}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Mandeep Mor, Navjot to lead Indian men and women teams in Asian Hockey 5s WC Qualifier |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/mandeep-mor-navjot-to-lead-indian-men-and-women-teams-in-asian-hockey-5s-wc-qualifier-2649304 |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{FIH|167}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Soundarya, Yendala}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian women's field hockey players]]<br /> [[Category:Field hockey players from Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Field hockey players from Telangana]]<br /> [[Category:1989 births]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu people]]<br /> [[Category:Sportswomen from Telangana]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sattamum_Neethiyum&diff=533518 2026-04-10T12:16:51Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding new data needs work - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2025 Indian television series}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Sattamum Neethiyum.jpg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | genre = Courtroom drama<br /> | creator = Sooriya Prathap S.<br /> | writer = Sooriya Prathap S.<br /> | director = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> | starring = [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]]&lt;br&gt;Namritha MV<br /> | music = Vibin Baskar<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Tamil<br /> | num_seasons = 1<br /> | num_episodes = <br /> | executive_producer = <br /> | producer = Sasikala Prabhakaran<br /> | cinematography = S. Gokulakrishnan<br /> | editor = Raavanan<br /> | company = 18 Creators<br /> | network = [[ZEE5]]<br /> | released = <br /> | last_aired = <br /> }}<br /> '''''Sattamum Neethiyum''''' ({{translation|Law and justice}}) is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Legal drama|courtroom drama]] web series directed by Balaji Selvaraj in his directorial debut.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=5 July 2025 |title=உணர்வுப்பூர்வமான கதை... சமூக அக்கறை... 'சட்டமும் நீதியும்' புதிய வெப்சீரிஸ்... எந்த ஓடிடியில் எப்போது பார்க்கலாம்? |url=https://tamil.news18.com/entertainment/cinema-zee5-streaming-sattamum-neethiyum-series-from-july-18-nw-kls-ws-l-1849814.html |website=tamil.news18.com |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=5 July 2025 |title=Saravanan and Namritha MV to star in new web series titled Sattamum Neethiyum |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2025/Jul/05/saravanan-and-namritha-mv-to-star-in-new-web-series-titled-sattamum-neethiyum |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series is written and created by Sooriya Prathap S. and produced by Sasikala Prabhakaran under the banner 18 Creators.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=17 July 2025 |title=திரைப்பட இயக்குநர் வேலு பிரபாகரன் காலமானார் |url=https://www.dailythanthi.com/cinema/cinemanews/film-director-velu-prabhakaran-passes-away-1169008 |website=[[Dina Thanthi]] |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; It stars [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] and Namritha MV in lead roles&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-17 |title=Sattamum Neethiyum - Review |url=https://newstodaynet.com/2025/07/17/sattamum-neethiyum-review/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=News Today |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; and premiered on 18 July 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-13 |title=சட்டமும் நீதியும் இணையத் தொடர் வெளியீட்டுத் தேதி! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Jul/13/sattamum-needhiyum-release-date |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Dinamani |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> The series follows Sundaramoorthy, a [[notary public]] who has stayed away from active legal practice due to past experiences. His life changes when Kuppusamy, a man seeking justice for his missing daughter, self-immolates in front of a courthouse. The incident prompts Sundaramoorthy to file a public interest litigation, leading him to return to courtroom proceedings. He is joined by Aruna, a junior lawyer, as they take on a case involving political influence and institutional challenges. The narrative explores legal and moral issues within the judicial system through the lens of an individual pursuing justice.<br /> <br /> == Cast and characters ==<br /> <br /> * [[Saravanan (actor)|Saravanan]] as Sundaramoorthy<br /> * Namritha MV as Aruna<br /> * Aroul D. Shankar as Viswanath<br /> * Shanmugham as Kuppusamy<br /> * Iniya Ram as Vennila<br /> * Mahadev Payyakkal as Judge 1<br /> * Thiruselvam as Adhi<br /> * Vijayashree as Valli<br /> * Dhanishtan as Councillor<br /> * Nishanth as Hari<br /> * Salem Pugazhenthi as [[Head constable|Head Constable]] Thirupathi<br /> * Aaryan as [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]] Tamizh<br /> * Deva as Varadhan<br /> * [[Jayashree (Tamil actress)|Jayashree]] Binuraj as Indira<br /> * Sai Varsha Seetharaman as Keerthi<br /> * [[Gokul Suresh|Gokul S]] as Chezhiyan<br /> <br /> == Episodes ==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#9C958E |overall= |title= |director= |airdate= |directorR= |writerR= |airdateR= |episodes={{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> |Title = Flames of Justice<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = Sundaramoorthy, a quiet yet astute lawyer, files a public interest litigation following the self-immolation of Kuppusamy within the court premises. He is supported in the case by Aruna, a determined junior lawyer.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> |Title = Sparks of Change<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = Sundaramoorthy looks into the abduction of Vennila, Kuppusamy’s daughter, but his efforts with Aruna at various police stations lead to no breakthrough.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> |Title = Breaking Point<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = Sundaramoorthy and Aruna are taken aback to learn that Kuppusamy has been undergoing psychiatric treatment for several years. They decide to change the case from a public interest litigation to a habeas corpus petition, with Vishwanath representing the prosecution.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> |Title = Surmount the Challenge<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = As Sundaramoorthy and Aruna delve deeper into Kuppusamy’s case, they begin to uncover complexities that challenge their initial assumptions. The courtroom is stunned when Vishwanath unexpectedly produces Vennila before the judge.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> |Title = The Hunt for the Truth<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = Sundaramoorthy and Aruna uncover the involvement of influential individuals in the case, leading to Vishwanath’s active role. As the truth behind Vennila’s disappearance begins to emerge, Sundaramoorthy is taken into custody.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> |Title = The Concealed Reality<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = Sundaramoorthy and Aruna come across Varadhan, who appears to be connected to Vennila’s disappearance. They eventually find the real Vennila, who is grief-stricken over her father’s death but reluctant to come forward publicly.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> {{Episode list <br /> |EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> |Title = The Truth Unveiled<br /> |DirectedBy = Balaji Selvaraj<br /> |OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2025|07|18|df=y}} <br /> |ShortSummary = As Vishwanath delivers his closing arguments, Sundaramoorthy watches on, powerless. In a pivotal moment, Vennila steps into the courtroom to honour her father’s sacrifice and disclose the truth.<br /> |LineColor = #9C958E}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The series premiered on 18 July 2025 on [[ZEE5]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sattamum Neethiyum OTT release date: When and where to watch new Tamil courtroom drama series |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/sattamum-neethiyum-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-new-tamil-courtroom-drama-series/d11e88153a975 |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=DNA முதல் சட்டமும் நீதியும் வரை; இந்த வார OTT ரிலீசுக்காக க்யூவில் நிற்கும் படங்கள் &amp; வெப் தொடர் லிஸ்ட் |url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/cinema/sattamum-needhiyum-to-dna-this-week-ott-release-movies-and-web-series-fci5gmh |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=Asianet News Tamil |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> ''Cinaminbox'' rated the series 3/5 and wrote &quot;Although the story by writer Surya Pratap S. resembles some of the courtroom dramas that have already been released, he has interestingly moved it in a different style through the screenplay and twists.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |first= |title='சட்டமும் நீதியும்' இணையத் தொடர் விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.cinemainbox.com/new-movie-reviews/sattamum-neethiyum-web-series-review-1198.html |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=www.cinemainbox.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mari S of ''Tamil.Filmibeat'' rated the series 2.5/5, noting that Saravanan delivers a convincing performance and is the main reason to stay engaged. While Namritha and others perform decently, the acting falls short in parts due to a largely new cast.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S |first=Mari |date=2025-07-17 |title=Sattamum Needhiyum review: சட்டமும் நீதியும் விமர்சனம்.. சித்தப்பு சரவணன் நடிப்பு எப்படி?.. வொர்த்தா? |url=https://tamil.filmibeat.com/reviews/sattamum-needhiyum-webseries-review-in-tamil-saravanan-done-a-neat-role-in-this-court-room-drama-160731.html |access-date=2025-07-18 |website= |language=ta}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Angusam News'' awarded the series a score of 45 out of 100 praising its authenticity in depicting legal workflows, but notes it doesn’t deliver the high-stakes drama viewers might expect.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-07-18 |title=அங்குசம் பார்வையில் 'சட்டமும் நீதியும்' |url=https://angusam.com/sattamum-needhiyum-movie-review/ |access-date=2025-07-18 |website=Angusam News - Online News Portal about Tamilnadu |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> <br /> * ''[https://www.zee5.com/web-series/details/sattamum-needhiyum/0-6-4z5782440 Sattamum Neethiyum]'' on [[ZEE5]]<br /> * {{IMDb title|id=37539312}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:ZEE5 original programming]]<br /> [[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language web series]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language legal television series]]<br /> [[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]<br /> [[Category:Courtroom drama television series]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_diaspora_in_Africa&diff=504211 2026-04-06T21:38:15Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Put up basic pg v1</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> Migration from India into Africa pre-dates [[Colonisation of Africa|European colonization]]. The number of Indians in Africa increased greatly with the settlement of Indians in Africa as [[indenture]]d servants during colonization, and has continued to increase into the 21st century.<br /> <br /> == Indian-African history ==<br /> === Trade migrations: precolonial Indo-African relations ===<br /> India and Africa have over a three thousand-year history of cultural and commercial relations. Sources from India show evidence of trade and contact between the Dravidians and Babylonians dating back to the 7th century B.C. This evidence has been interpreted to understand Indian merchants and sailors having visited Southern Arabia, situated on the Eastern part of the Horn of Africa also known as the Somali peninsula.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Modi|first1=Renu|last2=Taylor|first2=Ian|date=2017-09-19|title=The Indian Diaspora in Africa: The Commodification of Hindu Rashtra|journal=Globalizations|volume=14|issue=6|pages=911–929|doi=10.1080/14747731.2017.1287451|issn=1474-7731|hdl=10023/15887|s2cid=149054439|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Additionally, Indian coastal communities developed profitable ties with East Africa, East Asia, and Central Asia in pre-colonial times. The ‘trade diaspora’ was unique as it consisted largely of ‘temporary’ and ‘circular’ migration.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Oonk |first1=Gijsbert |title=Global Indian Diasporas: Exploring Trajectories of Migration and Theory |date=2007 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |pages=9–45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Men were sent to look for trade elsewhere but expected to eventually return to their motherland. Traders linked other cultures to their own. Only in the nineteenth century did a considerable amount of South Asian trading communities settle abroad.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Vertovec |first1=Steven |title=Migration, Diasporas, and Transnationalism |date=1999 |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd. |location=Cheltenham, UK |pages=7–13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Indentured labor: forced migration into Africa ===<br /> The second wave of migration into Africa by Indians came as a result of colonization. Major clusters of Indians were taken as indentured laborers across colonial empires in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Indentured Indian laborers replaced freed enslaved Africans in plantation economies. The stark contrast between the first trade wave was that migration during colonial rule was forced, not voluntary. It is worth noting that some Indians migrated as clerks and teachers to serve colonial governments overseas. This expanded colonial rule. Estimates during the period of 1829-1924 suggest that about 769,427 Indians migrated out of India into [[Mauritius]], South Africa, Seychelles, and the East African region.<br /> <br /> In the midst of colonization, the sub-continent India and large masses of Africa were incorporated into the British Empire such as Sierra Leone and the most common example, South Africa. Indentured labor came as the result of bondage of debt. Through this, European imperialists facilitated the transport of over 3.5 million Indians into the African continent where they served as labor for plantations. A majority of these plantations grew sugar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=Bhana|first1=Surendra|last2=Carter|first2=Marina|date=December 1997|title=Servants, Sirdars and Settlers: Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874.|journal=The American Historical Review|volume=102|issue=5|pages=1555|doi=10.2307/2171206|issn=0002-8762|jstor=2171206}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unlike indentured laborers before 1830, most indentured laborers post-1830 did not return into free labor markets. They were forced to renew contracts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Bush |first1=M.L. |title=Servitude in Modern Times |date=2001 |publisher=Polity Press |location=Cambridge}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Chaman_Lal_Chaman_(reading),_Gopal_Singh_Chandan,_Mahasha_Khushal_and_Prem_Singh_Mastana_Jogi-Arya_Samaj._Nairobi.1956.jpg|thumb|[[Chaman Lal Chaman]] (reading), Gopal Singh Chandan, Mahasha Khushal and Prem Singh Mastana Jogi in [[Nairobi]] in 1956.]]<br /> Even as numerous sources account for the inhumane conditions of laborers, populations only grew. In Mauritius 1871, the Indian population doubled from 33% in 1846 to 66% of the total population within the state.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Toussaint |first1=A. |title=Historie de i'Ile Maurice |date=1974 |publisher=PUF |location=Paris}}&lt;/ref&gt; Migration remained predominantly male until the mid-nineteenth century. States then started to encourage the forced migration of women, to meet growing demands for domestic, urban and plantation labor, and create a consistent population of indentured slaves directly into their economy.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Peerthum |first1=S. |title=Le systeme d'apprentissage a Mauritius |date=1835–1839 |location=Maestri |pages=284–296}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With the rise of nationalism, the conversation around overseas Indians mobilized into the realization of discrimination across the colonies. The issue of Indentured labor festered the fight against British imperialism.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; At the same time, many Indians, including Mahadev Govind Ranad, the head of the ruling party in India (the [[Indian National Congress]]), believed that there was significant benefit in foreign Indian emigration as a solution to the multiplying population within India. Foreign in this thought, Indian emigration should be understood as synonymous with indentured servitude, which some argued ensured territorial expansion and provided opportunity for India's poor.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Mohandas Gandhi, of South Africa, worked to abolish indentured servitude starting with his meeting with [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]]. See more; [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mohandas Gandhi]], [[Indian South Africans|South African Indian Diaspora]]<br /> <br /> === Post-independent India and African diaspora ===<br /> Since decolonialization, many Indian immigrants have gravitated towards the Middle East, Northern America, and Western Europe at higher rates than African migration. Still, the opportunities in Africa have attracted Indian migrants. Many new migrants go to Africa on temporary work permits and do not seek permanent citizenship. Since the late 1990s, there has been a trend of Indian migrants migrating to Africa in pursuit of going further west.&lt;ref&gt;Shukla, Sandhya (2001) ‘Locations for South Asian diasporas’, Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 30: 551-572.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are a significant number of Indians who reach the African continent without legal documents. As a Kenyan magazine, The Analyst, reported, “While official figures show only 1918 work permits issued from the Asian subcontinent in a three year period – 1995 (731), 1996 (703), and 1997 (484) – unconfirmed reports state that between 30,000 to 40,000 immigrant workers from the Asian subcontinent have entered Kenya in the last four years”&lt;ref&gt;Phyu, U. (2001) ‘Indians in Myanmar (Burma)’, CSID Lectures, University of Hyderabad, 26 Feb.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Official records of the [[Government of India]] note the increasing presence of Indian communities in the African continent. <br /> In 2001, a released report by the High Level Committee on Indian Diaspora estimated the total Indian diaspora in Africa to be 2,063,178 (including 1,969,708 people of Indian origins, 89,405 non-resident Indians, and 3,500 stateless people.&lt;ref&gt;(2000b) ‘Religion and diaspora’ Presented at the conference on ‘New Landscapes of Reli- gion in the West’. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 27–29 September. Downloadable Transcomm working paper: WPTC-01-01 http://www.trans-<br /> comm.ox.ac.uk/working%20papers/Vertovec01.PDF.&lt;/ref&gt; Indians of the diaspora were spread over 34 countries across the continent.&lt;ref&gt;(2000b) ‘Religion and diaspora’ Presented at the conference on ‘New Landscapes of Reli- gion in the West’. School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, 27–29 September. Downloadable Transcomm working paper: WPTC-01-01 http://www.trans-comm.ox.ac.uk/working%20papers/Vertovec01.PDF.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The most recent estimates on overseas Indians indicate the strength on the Indian diaspora on the continent to have risen to 27,106,545. Members of the Indian diaspora reside in 46 countries of Africa. Indians in Africa account for 12.37% of the total diaspora in India over time. The concentration of Indian diaspora populations varies substantially across the continent. In Mauritius, 70% of the total population are members of the Indian diaspora.&lt;ref&gt;Brubaker, Roger (2005) ‘The “diaspora” diaspora.’ Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 28 no. 1, 1- 19.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Present effects ==<br /> The large populations of Indians within Africa could be the cause of the political support Africa is seeing from India now. The previous Prime Minister of India, [[Manmohan Singh]], recognized Africa as the growth pole of the world in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Manmohan Singh on Africa|date=24 May 2011|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Since this acknowledgement, India has shown their faith in Africa through the expansion of trade. In 2015, India's trade to Africa tripled from 24.98 billion (period of 2006-2007) to $72 billion. In return, Africa has backed the politics of India and allowed for new export markets from the nation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Indian and African trading|date=28 Jan 2013|work=Business Day}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==African diaspora in India ==<br /> Along with Indians being displaced to Africa, many Africans also were displaced to India. There is a long-established history of the African Diaspora in India. As Indians were being brought to Africa as indentured laborers, the same was true inversely. Africans were brought as forced labor to India.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Indo-African (disambiguation)]]<br /> * [[Afro-Asians]]<br /> * [[Afro-Asians in South Asia|African Diaspora in India]]<br /> * [[Mauritians of Indian origin]]<br /> <br /> ==Sources==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian diaspora in Africa| ]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bilkis_Bano_(politician)&diff=491702 2026-04-04T03:48:12Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new some entry first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | name = Bilkis Bano<br /> | office = Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]]<br /> | constituency = ''elected by MLAs''<br /> | term_start = 17 June 2024<br /> | party = [[Indian National Congress]]<br /> | birth_place = [[Bhadravati, Karnataka]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bilkis Bano''' is an Indian politician and a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Council]] since June 2024 as a representative of [[Indian National Congress]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kalappa |first=Bansy |date=2024-06-03 |title=Bilkis Bano, old Congress hand and Siddaramaiah pick |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2024/Jun/03/bilkis-bano-old-congress-hand-siddu-pick |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; She is the general secretary of [[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee]] and known as the close associate of B.K. Sangameshwara, Incumbent Member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from [[Bhadravati Assembly constituency]]. She has also served as a chairperson for the Minorities Development Corporation for 18 months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-02 |title=Yathindra among Congress candidates for seven Council seats going to polls from Legislative Assembly constituency |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/yathindra-among-congress-candidates-for-seven-council-seats-going-to-polls-from-legislative-assembly-constituency/article68243745.ece |access-date=2024-06-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Biography ==<br /> Bano hails from [[Bhadravati, Karnataka|Bhadravati]] in [[Shimoga district]] of Karnataka. She had joined Indian National Congress in 1982 as a student and was elected to the Zila Parishad in 1986 and re-elected in 1992 for the second term. She was a Member of Minorities Development Corporation from 2013 to 2016 and later served as the chairman for 18 months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-02 |title=ವಿಧಾನ ಪರಿಷತ್ ಗೆ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ನಿಂದ ಟಿಕೆಟ್ ಪಡೆದ ಬಿಲ್ಕಿಸ್ ಬಾನೋ ಯಾರು? ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಮಾಹಿತಿ |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/who-is-bilkis-bano-getting-congress-ticket-for-mlc-election-mbr-1724755.html |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=News18 ಕನ್ನಡ |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bano, Bilkis}}<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:People from Shimoga district]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Karnataka Legislative Council]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> <br /> {{Karnataka-INC-politician-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalit_Buddhist_movement&diff=465376 2026-03-27T19:16:13Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Modern sociopolitical movement among Dalits}}<br /> {{Use British English|date = February 2019}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> [[File:Nava Jetavana Temple - Shravasti - 015 Dr Ambedkar and his Followers become Buddhists in 1956 (9241722749).jpg|250px|thumb|right|The Buddhist Movement for the oppressed was begun by Ambedkar when he converted with his followers in 1956 in [[Deekshabhoomi]], [[Nagpur]].]]<br /> {{Buddhism}}<br /> The '''Dalit Buddhist movement'''{{efn|Also known as the '''Neo-Buddhist movement''', '''Buddhist movement for Dalits''', '''Ambedkarite Buddhist movement''' and '''Modern Buddhist movement'''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=Ranjit Kumar De |author2=Uttara Shastree |title=Religious Converts in India: Socio-political Study of Neo-Buddhists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yYInC70BSEgC&amp;pg=PA10 |year=1996 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-629-3 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}} is a religious as well as a socio-political movement among [[Dalit]]s in India which was started by [[B. R. Ambedkar]]. He reinterpreted [[Buddhism]] and created a new [[school of Buddhism]] called [[Navayana]]. The movement has sought to be a [[Engaged Buddhism|socially and politically engaged form of Buddhism]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Robinson2003p192&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gary Tartakov|editor=Rowena Robinson|title=Religious Conversion in India: Modes, Motivations, and Meanings |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eNsoAAAAYAAJ |year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-566329-7|pages=192–213}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Christopher Queen|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ |year= 2015|publisher= John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn= 978-1-119-14466-3|pages=524–525}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The movement was launched in 1956 by Ambedkar when nearly half a million Dalits – formerly [[Untouchability|untouchables]] – joined him and converted to Navayana Buddhism.&lt;ref name=omvedt2/&gt; It rejected Hinduism, challenged the [[caste system in India]] and promoted the rights of the Dalit community.&lt;ref name=skaria450/&gt;&lt;ref name=omvedt2&gt;Omvedt, Gail. Buddhism in India : Challenging Brahmanism and Caste. 3rd ed. London/New Delhi/Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2003. pages: 2–15, 210–213&lt;/ref&gt; The movement also rejected the teachings of [[Mahayana]], [[Theravada]] and [[Vajrayana]] traditions of Buddhism; instead, the movement claims to be a form of [[engaged Buddhism]] as taught by Ambedkar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Political Ideas in Modern India: thematic explorations |author1=Thomas Pantham |author2=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |author3=Vrajendra Raj Mehta |year= 2006|publisher=Sage Publications|isbn=0-7619-3420-0|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KJejtAaonsEC&amp;q=%22Self-respect+movement%22&amp;pg=PA48}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=queen524&gt;{{cite book|author=Christopher Queen|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=524–529}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=skaria450&gt;{{cite journal | last=Skaria | first=A | title=Ambedkar, Marx and the Buddhist Question | journal= Journal of South Asian Studies | publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis | volume=38 | issue=3 | year=2015 | doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1049726 | pages=450–452| doi-access=free }}, Quote: &quot;Here [Navayana Buddhism] there is not only a criticism of religion (most of all, Hinduism, but also prior traditions of Buddhism), but also of secularism, and that criticism is articulated moreover as a religion.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> Buddhism originated in ancient India and grew after [[Ashoka]] adopted it. By the 2nd century CE, Buddhism was widespread in India and had expanded outside of India into Central Asia, East Asia and parts of Southeast Asia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Jason Neelis |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC |year=2010|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-18159-5 |pages=102–106 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ann Heirman |author2=Stephan Peter Bumbacher |title=The Spread of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kr_M1e7yImoC |year=2007|publisher=BRILL Academic |isbn=978-90-04-15830-6|pages=139–142 }}&lt;/ref&gt; During the Middle Ages, Buddhism slowly declined in India,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Andrew Powell |title=Living Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XO-qSUMphgC |year=1989|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-20410-2 |pages=38–39}}&lt;/ref&gt; while it vanished from Persia and Central Asia as Islam became the state religion.&lt;ref name=larsfogelin6&gt;{{cite book|author=Lars Fogelin |title=An Archaeological History of Indian Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yPZzBgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-994823-9 |pages=6–11, 218, 229–230}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | author=Sheila Canby | title=Depictions of Buddha Sakyamuni in the Jami al-Tavarikh and the Majma al-Tavarikh | journal=Muqarnas | volume=10 | year=1993 | pages=299–310 | doi=10.2307/1523195 | jstor=1523195 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Randall Collins, Buddhism was already declining in India by the 12th century, but with the pillage by Muslim invaders it nearly became extinct in India.&lt;ref name=randallcollins184&gt;Randall Collins, ''The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change.'' Harvard University Press, 2000, pages 184–185&lt;/ref&gt; In the 13th century, states Craig Lockard, Buddhist monks in India fled to Tibet to escape Islamic persecution,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Craig Lockard|title=Societies, Networks, and Transitions: Volume I: A Global History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yJPlCpzOY_QC |year=2007|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-618-38612-3 |pages=364 }}&lt;/ref&gt; while the monks in western India, states Peter Harvey, escaped persecution by moving to south Indian Hindu kingdoms that were able to resist the Muslim power.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Peter Harvey|title=An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0sg9LV_rEgC&amp;pg=PA194 |year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-85942-4 |pages=194–195 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Efforts to revive Buddhism in India began in the 19th century, such as with the efforts of [[Sri Lanka]]n Buddhist leader [[Anagarika Dharmapala]] who founded the [[Maha Bodhi Society]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ahir |first=D.C. |title=Buddhism in Modern India |year=1991 |publisher=Satguru |isbn=81-7030-254-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Maha Bodhi Society, according to Bhagwan Das, was not a Dalit movement however, because it mainly attracted upper-caste Hindus to Buddhism.&lt;ref name=&quot;bhagwan_das_revival&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Das |first=Bhagwan | title=Revival of Buddhism in India. Role of Dr Baba Sahib B.R.Ambedkar |year=1998 |publisher=Dalit Today Prakashan | location=Lucknow |isbn=81-7030-254-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Northern India===<br /> <br /> The two Adi Dharma movements&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p59&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCIlDwAAQBAJ|title=Dalits: Past, Present and Future|author=Anand Teltumbde|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|year=2016|isbn=978-1-315-52644-7|pages=59–61}}&lt;/ref&gt; – those that rejected [[Hinduism]] in favor of [[Buddhism]] – were launched by the [[Swami Achootanand|Swami Achhutanand Harihar]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] and [[Mangu Ram Mugowalia|Babu Mangu Ram]] in [[Punjab]].<br /> <br /> Born in an untouchable family, Achhutanand joined the [[Arya Samaj]] ''suddhi'' reform movement and worked there for about eight years (1905–1912). He felt Arya Samaj practiced untouchability in subtle ways,{{clarify|date=October 2023}} and subsequently left it to launch the socio-political Bharitiya Achhut Mahasabha movement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p59&quot;/&gt; Achhutanand published the Adi-Hindu magazine, wherein he called on Dalits to return to [[Brahmo Samaj|Adi-Dharma]] as the &quot;original religion of Indians.&quot; Achhutanand formulated his philosophy on the basis of a shared cultural and ethnic identity. He presented it to an audience beyond just Dalits, including tribal societies as well. He opposed [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s non-cooperation movement and fasts as well as the [[Indian National Congress]], stating that [[Brahmin]]s were &quot;as foreign to India as were the British&quot;, according to [[Anand Teltumbde]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p59&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Babu Mangu Ram was also born in an untouchable family of [[Punjab]] with a flourishing leather trade. Mangu Ram arrived in the [[United States]] in 1909 at the age of 23 and worked in [[California]]. There, he joined the [[Ghadar Party]] and smuggled weapons from California to India in order to oppose British rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p59&quot;/&gt; In 1925, he shifted his focus onto Dalit freedom, launching the &quot;Ad Dharm&quot; movement as well as a weekly newspaper titled Adi-Danka to spread his ideas. According to Teltumbde, Mandu Ram's religious movement failed to materialize, and Mangu Ram later joined the Ambedkarite movement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p59&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1914, Prakash was ordained as a Bodhanand Mahastavir in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], and began preaching Buddhism in [[Lucknow]]. He founded the ''Bharatiye Buddh Samiti'' in 1916, and set up a vihara in 1928.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bellwinkel-Schempp|first=Maren|chapter=Roots of Ambedkar Buddhism in Kanpur|editor-last=Jondhale|editor-first=Surendra|editor2-last=Beltz|editor2-first=Johannes|title=Reconstructing the World: B.R. Ambedkar and Buddhism in India|location=New Delhi|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|pages=221–244|url=http://www.maren-bellwinkel.de/artikel/ambedkarbuddhism.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801180947/http://www.maren-bellwinkel.de/artikel/ambedkarbuddhism.pdf|archive-date=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Southern India===<br /> In 1898, Pandit [[Iyothee Thass]] founded the Sakya Buddhist Society also known as Indian Buddhist Association in [[Tamil Nadu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p57&quot;/&gt; He presented Buddhism as a religious alternative to Hinduism for Dalits. Thass's efforts led to the creation of a broader movement amongst Tamil Dalits in South India until the 1950s.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; The first president of the Indian Buddhist Association was [[Paul Carus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; Unlike the [[Ambedkarism|Ambedkarite movement]], the Indian Buddhist Association adopted the [[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]] tradition founded in [[Sri Lanka]] (where Thass had received his training and initiation in Buddhism).&lt;ref name=&quot;Teltumbde2016p57&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Anand Teltumbde|title=Dalits: Past, Present and Future|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZCIlDwAAQBAJ | year= 2016|publisher= Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn= 978-1-315-52644-7|pages= 57–59}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==B. R. Ambedkar==<br /> [[File:Ambedkar speech at Yeola.png|thumb|right|Ambedkar delivering a speech to a rally at [[Yeola]], [[Nashik]], on 13 October 1935]]<br /> <br /> Ambedkar was an Indian leader, influential during the colonial era and [[Post-independence History of India|post-independence]] period of India. He belonged to a [[Dalit]] community, traditionally the most oppressed and marginalized group in Indian society. He was the fourteenth child in an impoverished [[Maharashtra]] Dalit family, who studied abroad, returned to India in the 1920s and joined the political movement. His focus was social and political rights of the Dalits.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buswell2013p34&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> During 1931–32, the [[Mahatma Gandhi]] led Indian independence movement held discussions with the British government over the [[Round Table Conferences (India)|Round Table Conferences]]. They sought constitutional reforms as a preparation to the end of colonial British rule, and begin the self-rule by Indians.&lt;ref name=&quot;Muldoon92&quot;/&gt; The British side sought reforms that would keep the Indian subcontinent as a colony. The British negotiators proposed constitutional reforms on a British Dominion model that established separate electorates based on religious and social divisions.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|title=Gandhi: The Man, His People, and the Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-25570-8|pages=332–333}}&lt;/ref&gt; They invited Indian religious leaders, such as [[Muslims]] and [[Sikhs]], to press their demands along religious lines, as well as [[B. R. Ambedkar]] as the representative leader of the [[Untouchables (caste)|untouchables.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Muldoon92&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Andrew Muldoon|title=Empire, Politics and the Creation of the 1935 India Act: Last Act of the Raj|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D1gfDAAAQBAJ |year=2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-14431-1|pages=92–99}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gandhi vehemently opposed a constitution that enshrined rights or representations based on communal divisions, because he feared that such a constitution would not bring people together but divide them, perpetuate their status and divert the attention from India's struggle to end the colonial rule.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Andrew Muldoon|title=Empire, Politics and the Creation of the 1935 India Act: Last Act of the Raj|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=D1gfDAAAQBAJ |year= 2016|publisher= Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-14431-1|page= 97}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Judith Margaret Brown|title=Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boDAE8MLAJMC|year=1991|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-05125-4|pages=252–257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After Gandhi returned from Second Round Table conference, he started a new ''[[satyagraha]]''. He was immediately arrested and imprisoned at the [[Yerwada Jail]], Pune. While he was in prison, the British government enacted a new law that granted untouchables a separate electorate. It came to be known as the [[Communal Award]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Arthur Herman|title=Gandhi &amp; Churchill: The Epic Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tquxD6dk914C|year=2008|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-553-90504-5|pages=382–390}}&lt;/ref&gt; In protest, Gandhi started fast-unto-death, while he was held in prison.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dirks2011p267&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Nicholas B. Dirks|title=Castes of Mind: Colonialism and the Making of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UP7vmkFSJhIC&amp;pg=PA268|year=2011|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-4094-6|pages=267–274}}&lt;/ref&gt; The resulting public outcry forced the government, in consultations with Ambedkar, to replace the Communal Award with a compromise [[Poona Pact]].&lt;ref name=yer&gt;{{cite book |title=Gandhi's Coolie: Life &amp; Times of Ramkrishna Bajaj|author=Kamath, M. V. |publisher=Allied Publishers|year=1995|isbn=8170234875 |page= 24|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7bRZgojbsPsC&amp;pg=PA24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|editor1=Rachel Fell McDermott|editor2=Leonard A. Gordon|editor3=Ainslie T. Embree|editor4=Frances W. Pritchett|editor5=Dennis Dalton|title=Sources of Indian Traditions: Modern India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8qJAwAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-51092-9|pages=369–370|volume=2|edition=3rd}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ambedkar accepted the Poona Pact under public pressure, but disagreed with Gandhi and his political methods. He dismissed Gandhi's ideas as loved by &quot;blind Hindu devotees&quot;, primitive, influenced by spurious brew of Tolstoy and Ruskin, and &quot;there is always some simpleton to preach them&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Herman2008p586&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Arthur Herman|title=Gandhi &amp; Churchill: The Epic Rivalry that Destroyed an Empire and Forged Our Age|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tquxD6dk914C|year=2008|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-0-553-90504-5|page= 586|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913065817/http://books.google.com/books?id=tquxD6dk914C|archive-date=13 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Cháirez-Garza | first=Jesús Francisco | title=Touching space: Ambedkar on the spatial features of untouchability | journal=Contemporary South Asia | publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis | volume=22 | issue=1 | date=2 January 2014 | doi=10.1080/09584935.2013.870978 | pages=37–50| s2cid=145020542 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Ambedkar concluded that Dalits must leave Hinduism and convert to another religion, and announced his intent to leave Hinduism in 1935. He considered Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buswell2013p34&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KeownPrebish2013p24&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/comment-the-chance-the-parsis-missed-1184909|title=The chance the Parsis missed|date=21 August 2008|work=dna|access-date=23 June 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Damien Keown|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism|author2=Charles S. Prebish|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-136-98588-1|pages=24–26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambedkar was approached by various leaders of different denominations and faiths. On 22 May 1936, an &quot;All Religious Conference&quot; was held at [[Lucknow]]. It was attended by prominent Dalit leaders including [[Jagjivan Ram]], though Ambedkar could not attend it. At the conference, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, and Buddhist representatives presented the tenets of their respective religions in an effort to win over Dalits.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; Ambedkar rejected the other religions and chose Buddhism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buswell2013p34&quot;/&gt; However, Ambedkar remained a Hindu for the next 20 years, studied then reinterpreted Buddhism, and adopted Neo-Buddhism or Navayana few weeks before his death.&lt;ref name=queen524/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Buswell2013p34&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The Italian Buddhist monk [[Lokanatha (Italian Buddhist Monk)|Lokanatha]] visited Ambedkar's residence at [[Dadar]] on 10 June 1936. Later in an interview to the press, Lokanatha said that Ambedkar was impressed with Buddhism.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Keer|first=Dhananjay|title=Dr Ambedkar Life and Mission|year=1990|publisher=Popular Prakashan, Bombay| isbn= 81-85604-37-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Navayana Buddhism===<br /> {{main|Navayana}}<br /> According to mainstream interpretations of Ambedkar's views, several of the core beliefs and doctrines of traditional Buddhist traditions such as the [[Four Noble Truths]] and [[Anatta]] were flawed and pessimistic, and may have been inserted into the Buddhist scriptures by wrong-headed Buddhist monks of a later era. These should not be considered as [[The Buddha|Buddha]]'s teachings in their interpretation of Ambedkar's views, although there is no empirical evidence of the followers of this sect rejecting any of these concepts outright.&lt;ref name=&quot;KeownPrebish2013p24&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen2015p361&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Eleanor Zelliot|author-link=Eleanor Zelliot|editor=Knut A. Jacobsen|title=Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tPBWCgAAQBAJ| year=2015 |publisher= Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn =978-1-317-40357-9|pages= 13, 361–370}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other foundational concepts of Buddhism such as [[Karma in Buddhism|Karma]] and Rebirth were seen to be considered as superstitions by Ambedkar according to them.&lt;ref name=&quot;KeownPrebish2013p24&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Navayana as formulated by Ambedkar and at the root of Dalit Buddhist movement heavily reinterprets mainstream traditional Buddhist practices and precepts such as the institution of monk after renunciation, ideas such as karma, rebirth in afterlife, samsara, meditation, [[nirvana]] and Four Noble Truths. Sources focussed on mainstream branches of Buddhism posit that all such concepts were rejected by Ambedkar&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Damien Keown|author2=Charles S. Prebish|title= Encyclopedia of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ |year= 2013 |publisher= Routledge|isbn= 978-1-136-98588-1|page=25}}, Quote: &quot;(...)The Buddhism upon which he settled and about which he wrote in ''The Buddha and His Dhamma'' was, in many respects, unlike any form of Buddhism that had hitherto arisen within the tradition. Gone, for instance, were the doctrines of karma and rebirth, the traditional emphasis on renunciation of the world, the practice of meditation, and the experience of enlightenment. Gone too were any teachings that implied the existence of a trans-empirical realm (...). Most jarring, perhaps, especially among more traditional Buddhists, was the absence of the Four Noble Truths, which Ambedkar regarded as the invention of wrong-headed monks&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;, although all such concepts are only reinterpreted in his work [[The Buddha and His Dhamma]], the commentary of Ambedkar on Buddhism and thus the elaboration of all his interpretations. Ambedkar's new sect of Buddhism reinterpreted the Buddha's religion in terms of social equality.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacobsen2015p361&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KeownPrebish2013p24&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Damien Keown|author2=Charles S. Prebish|title= Encyclopedia of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFpcAgAAQBAJ |year=2013 |publisher= Routledge|isbn= 978-1-136-98588-1|pages= 24–26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=blackburn1&gt;Anne M. Blackburn (1993), [http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8805/2712 Religion, Kinship and Buddhism: Ambedkar's Vision of a Moral Community], The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 16 (1), 1–22&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[B. R. Ambedkar|Ambedkar]] called his version of Buddhism [[Navayana]] or Neo-Buddhism.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author= Christopher S. Queen|title= Engaged Buddhism in the West|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=S7QEAAAAYAAJ|year= 2000|publisher= Wisdom Publications|isbn= 978-0-86171-159-8|page= 23}}&lt;/ref&gt; His book, ''[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]'', is the holy book of Navayana or Dalit Buddhists.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Christopher Queen|editor=Steven M. Emmanuel|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ |year=2015|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=524–531}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to Junghare, for the followers of Navyana, Ambedkar has become a deity and he is worshipped in its practice.&lt;ref&gt;I.Y. Junghare (1988), [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1178254 Dr. Ambedkar: The Hero of the Mahars, Ex-Untouchables of India], Asian Folklore Studies 47 (1), 93–121, &quot;(...) the new literature of the Mahars and their making of the Ambedkar deity for their new religion, Neo-Buddhism. (...) Song five is clearly representative of the Mahar community's respect and devotion for Ambedkar. He has become their God and they worship him as the singer sings: &quot;We worship Bhima, too.&quot; (...) In the last song, Dr. Ambedkar is raised from a deity to a supreme deity. He is omnipresent, omnipotent, and omniscient.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ambedkar's conversion===<br /> [[File:Dr. Ambedkar delivering speech during conversion.jpg|thumb|Ambedkar delivering speech during conversion, Nagpur, 14 October 1956]]<br /> After publishing a series of books and articles arguing that Buddhism was the only way for the Untouchables to gain equality, Ambedkar publicly converted on 14 October 1956, at [[Deekshabhoomi]], [[Nagpur]], over 20 years after he declared his intent to convert. Around 365,000 of his followers converted to Buddhism at the same ceremony.&lt;ref name=queen524/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Buswell2013p34&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Robert E. Buswell Jr.|author2=Donald S. Lopez Jr.|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXN2AAAAQBAJ |year=2013| publisher= Princeton University Press|isbn =978-1-4008-4805-8|page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt; On this occasion, many upper caste Hindus too accepted Buddhism. After Nagpur, on 16 October 1956, Ambedkar again gave Buddhism to more than 300,000 of his followers at [[Chandrapur]], since the place is also known as Deekshabhoomi. Inspired by this Ambedkar's conversion, 5,000 [[Tamils]] of [[Myanmar]] had accepted Buddhism in [[Rangoon]] under the leadership of [[Chan Htoon]], the justice of the [[Supreme Court of Myanmar|Supreme Court of the Union of Burma]] on 28 October 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mahamanav Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar|last=Gaikwad|first=Dr. Dnyanraj Kashinath|publisher=Riya Publication|year=2016|pages=341|language=mr}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result of Ambedkar’s movement, nearly three million Dalits converted to Buddhism, increasing the Buddhist population by 1,697% according to the 1961 census.<br /> <br /> [[File:Growth of Buddhism in Maharashtra and Other States and UTs of India.svg|thumb|Growth of Buddhism in Maharashtra and Other States and UTs of India (1951–2011)]]<br /> <br /> The conversion ceremony was attended by Medharathi, his main disciple Bhoj Dev Mudit, and Mahastvir Bodhanand's Sri Lankan successor, Bhante Pragyanand.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; Ambedkar asked Dalits not to get entangled in the existing branches of Buddhism (Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana), and called his version [[Navayana]] or 'Neo-Buddhism'. Ambedkar would die less than two months later, just after finishing his definitive work on Buddhism.<br /> <br /> Many Dalits employ the term &quot;Ambedkar(ite) Buddhism&quot; to designate the Buddhist movement, which started with Ambedkar's conversion.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; Many converted people call themselves &quot;-Bauddha&quot; i.e. Buddhists.<br /> <br /> ===Twenty-two vows===<br /> {{Excerpt|Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar}}<br /> <br /> == After Ambedkar's death==<br /> The Buddhist movement was somewhat hindered by Ambedkar's death in 1956 so shortly after his conversion. It did not receive the immediate mass support from the Untouchable population that Ambedkar had hoped for. Division and lack of direction among the leaders of the Ambedkarite movement have been an additional impediment. However, in 1990, [[Scheduled Caste]] status was extended to individuals converted to Buddhism,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lakshman |first=Abhinay |date=2022-10-05 |title=Explained {{!}} The criterion for SC status |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-the-criterion-for-sc-status/article65973273.ece |access-date=2025-06-01 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; which contributed to a 35.3% increase in the total Buddhist population from 4,719,796 in 1981 to 6,387,500 in 1991. According to the 2011 census, there are currently 8.44 million Buddhists in India among which 5.76 million are [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes#Demographics|SCs]], at least 6.5 million of whom are [[Marathi Buddhists]] in Maharashtra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census of India 2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706213221/http://www.censusindiamaps.net/page/Religion_WhizMap1/housemap.htm|url-status=dead|title=Census GIS HouseHold&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|archivedate=6 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; This makes Buddhism the fifth-largest [[religion in India]] and 6% of the population of [[Maharashtra]], but less than 1% of the overall population of India.<br /> <br /> [[File:District wise Buddhist population percentage, India census 2011.png|thumb|Distribution of Buddhism in India by district, 2011 census]]<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption=Composition of Indian Buddhist, 2011 census<br /> |value1 = 5757576<br /> |label1 = [[Scheduled Castes]]<br /> |value2 = 866029<br /> |label2 = [[Scheduled Tribes]]<br /> |value3 = 1819367<br /> |label3 = General<br /> |other-color = pink<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The Buddhist revival remains concentrated in two [[States and territories of India|states]]: Ambedkar's native [[Maharashtra]], and [[Uttar Pradesh]] – the land of Bodhanand Mahastavir, Acharya Medharthi and their associates.<br /> <br /> ===Developments in Uttar Pradesh===<br /> [[File:B.R. Ambedkar statue at Ambedkar Park.JPG|alt=|thumb|Statue of B.R.Ambedkar inside Ambedkar Park, [[Lucknow]]]]<br /> [[Ishwardatt Medharthi|Acharya Medharthi]] retired from his Buddhapuri school in 1960, and shifted to an [[ashram]] in [[Haridwar]]. He turned to the [[Arya Samaj]] and conducted [[Vedas|Vedic]] [[yajna]]s all over India. After his death, he was cremated according to Arya Samaj rites.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt; His Buddhpuri school became embroiled in property disputes. His follower, Bhoj Dev Mudit, converted to Buddhism in 1968 and set up a school of his own.{{Citation needed|date=June 2025}}<br /> <br /> Rajendranath Aherwar appeared as an important Dalit leader in Kanpur. He joined the Republican Party of India and converted to Buddhism along with his whole family in 1961. In 1967, he founded the Kanpur branch of &quot;Bharatiya Buddh Mahasabha&quot;. He held regular meetings where he preached Buddhism, officiated at Buddhist weddings and life cycle ceremonies, and organised festivals on Ambedkar's Jayanti (birth day), [[Sambuddhatva jayanthi]], Diksha Divas (the day Ambedkar converted), and Ambedkar Paranirvan Divas (the day Ambedkar died).&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The Dalit Buddhist movement in Kanpur gained impetus with the arrival of Dipankar, a [[Chamar]] bhikkhu, in 1980. Dipankar had come to Kanpur on a Buddhist mission and his first public appearance was scheduled at a mass conversion drive in 1981. The event was organised by Rahulan Ambawadekar, an RPI Dalit leader. In April 1981, Ambawadekar founded the Dalit Panthers (U.P. Branch) inspired by the Maharashtrian Dalit Panthers. The event met with severe criticism and opposition from [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]] and was banned.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The number of Buddhists in the Lucknow district increased from 73 in 1951 to 4327 in 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;ShivShankar_Analysis&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Das |first=Shiv Shankar |title=Ambedkar Buddhism in Uttar Pradesh (1951–2001): An Analysis of Demographic, Social, Economic and Political Developments |pages=56–74 |url=http://rindas.ryukoku.ac.jp/research/2011/09/09/upfile/Voices_for_Equity,%20Minority_and_Majority_in_South_Asia,%20RINDAS.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428063753/http://rindas.ryukoku.ac.jp/research/2011/09/09/upfile/Voices_for_Equity%2C%20Minority_and_Majority_in_South_Asia%2C%20RINDAS.pdf |archive-date=28 April 2014 |work=RINDAS International Symposium Series I |publisher=Ryukoku University, Japan |access-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; According to the 2001 census, almost 70% of the Buddhist population in Uttar Pradesh is from the scheduled castes background.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Das|first=Shiv Shankar|title=Buddhism in Lucknow: History and Culture From Alternative Sources|url=http://www.ambedkartimes.com/AT%20May%2016-31,%202013.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428092735/http://www.ambedkartimes.com/AT%20May%2016-31%2C%202013.pdf|archive-date=28 April 2014|work=Ambedkar Times|access-date=25 May 2013|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2002, [[Kanshi Ram]], a popular political leader from a [[Sikh]] religious background, announced his intention to convert to Buddhism on 14 October 2006, the fiftieth anniversary of Ambedkar's conversion. He intended for 20,000,000 of his supporters to convert at the same time.{{Citation needed|date=September 2017}} Part of the significance of this plan was that Ram's followers include not only Untouchables, but persons from a variety of castes, who could significantly broaden Buddhism's support. But, he died 9 October 2006&lt;ref name=&quot;Indian Dalit leader passes away&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6032563.stm|title=BBC NEWS – South Asia – Indian Dalit leader passes away|access-date=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; after a lengthy illness; he was cremated as per Buddhist tradition.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/10/stories/2006101003771200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001001756/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/10/stories/2006101003771200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=1 October 2007|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Kanshi Ram cremated as per Buddhist rituals|date=2006-10-10|access-date=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Another popular Dalit leader, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister and [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] leader [[Mayawati]], has said that she and her followers will embrace Buddhism after the BSP forms a government at the Centre.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/10/stories/2006101003771200.htm<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071001001756/http://www.hindu.com/2006/10/10/stories/2006101003771200.htm<br /> | url-status = dead<br /> | archive-date = 1 October 2007<br /> | title = Kanshi Ram cremated as per Buddhist rituals<br /> | work = [[The Hindu]]<br /> | date = 10 October 2006<br /> | access-date = 30 August 2007<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Maharashtra===<br /> [[File:Flag of various Republican Parties of India.svg|thumb|right|200px|Flag symbolises Dalit movement in India.]]<br /> Japanese-born [[Surai Sasai]] emerged as an important Buddhist leader in India. Sasai came to India in 1966 and met [[Nichidatsu Fujii]], whom he helped with the Peace Pagoda at [[Rajgir]]. He fell out with Fuji, however, and started home, but, by his own account, was stopped by a dream in which a figure resembling [[Nagarjuna]] appeared and said, &quot;Go to Nagpur&quot;. In Nagpur, he met Wamanrao Godbole, the person who had organised the conversion ceremony for Ambedkar in 1956. Sasai claims that when he saw a photograph of Ambedkar at Godbole's home, he realised that it was Ambedkar who had appeared in his dream. At first, Nagpur folk considered Surai Sasai very strange. Then he began to greet them with &quot;[[Jai Bhim]]&quot; (victory to Ambedkar) and to build viharas. In 1987 a court case to deport him on the grounds that he had overstayed his [[Visa (document)|visa]] was dismissed, and he was granted Indian citizenship. Sasai and Bhante Anand Agra are two of main leaders of the campaign to free the [[Mahabodhi Temple]] at Bodh Gaya from Hindu control.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=Tara N.|title=Liberate the Mahabodhi Temple! Socially Engaged Buddhism, Dalit-Style. In: Steven Heine, Charles Prebish (eds), Buddhism in the Modern World|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=249–280|date=2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jWhMCAAAQBAJ&amp;q=Surai+Sasai&amp;pg=PT339|isbn=0-19-514698-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A movement originating in Maharashtra but also active in Uttar Pradesh, and spread out over quite a few other pockets where Neo Buddhists live, is Triratna Bauddha Mahāsaṅgha (formerly called TBMSG for Trailokya Bauddha Mahasangha Sahayaka Gana). It is the Indian wing of the UK-based [[Triratna Buddhist Community]] founded by [[Sangharakshita]]. Its roots lie in the scattered contacts that [[Sangharakshita]] had in the 1950s with Ambedkar. Sangharakshita, then still a bhikshu, participated in the conversion movement from 1956 until his departure to the UK in 1963.<br /> <br /> When his new ecumenical movement had gained enough ground in the West, Sangharakshita worked with Ambedkarites in India and the UK to develop Indian Buddhism further. After visits in the late 1970s by Dharmachari Lokamitra from UK, supporters developed a two-pronged approach: social work through the Bahujan Hitaj (also spelled as Bahujan Hitay) trust, mainly sponsored from the general public by the British Buddhist-inspired [[Karuna Trust (UK)]], and direct Dharma work. Currently the movement has viharas and groups in at least 20 major areas, a couple of retreat centres, and hundreds of Indian Dharmacharis and Dharmacharinis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.inebnetwork.org/attachments/article/73/BD+Spring+2011_Senauke.pdf|date=20 April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420003928/http://www.inebnetwork.org/attachments/article/73/BD%20Spring%202011_Senauke.pdf|archive-date=20 April 2012|title=Ambedkar's Vision}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Funding for movement's social and dharma work has come from foreign countries, including the Western countries and [[Taiwan]]. Some of the foreign-funded organisations include Trailokya Bauddha Mahasangha Sahayaka Gana&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tbmsg.org|title=TBMSG: Trailokya Bauddha Mahasangha Sahayaka Gana|access-date=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Triratna (Europe and India). Triratna has links with the 'Ambedkarite' Buddhist [[Romanis]] in Hungary.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jaibhim.hu/|title=Jai Bhim Network|website=www.jaibhim.hu|access-date=26 April 2015|archive-date=4 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404134820/http://www.jaibhim.hu/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Organized mass conversions===<br /> [[File:Diksha Bhumi.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Deekshabhoomi]] Stupa in [[Nagpur]], where Ambedkar converted to Buddhism]]<br /> Since Ambedkar's conversion, several thousand people from different castes have converted to Buddhism in ceremonies including the twenty-two vows.<br /> <br /> ;1957<br /> :In 1957, Mahastvir Bodhanand's Sri Lankan successor, Bhante Pragyanand, held a mass conversion drive for 15,000 people in Lucknow.&lt;ref name=&quot;maren_roots&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2001<br /> :A prominent Indian [[Navayana]] Buddhist leader and political activist, [[Udit Raj]], organised a large mass conversion on 4 November 2001, where he gave the 22 vows, but the event met with active opposition from the government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.buddhismtoday.com/english/world/facts/conversion-manpreet.htm<br /> | title = 50,000 Dalits embrace Buddhism<br /> | publisher = Buddhism Today<br /> | access-date = 30 August 2007<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2006, Hyderabad<br /> :A report from the UK daily ''[[The Guardian]]'' said that some Hindus have converted to Buddhism. [[Buddhist]] monks from the UK and the U.S. attended the conversion ceremonies in India. Lalit Kumar, who works for a Hindu nationalist welfare association in Andhra Pradesh, asserted that [[Dalits]] should concentrate on trying to reduce illiteracy and poverty rather than looking for new religions.&lt;ref name=&quot;Guardian&quot;&gt;[https://www.theguardian.com/india/story/0,,1922410,00.html &quot;Untouchables embrace Buddha to escape oppression&quot;], ''The Guardian''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2006, Gulbarga<br /> :On 14 October 2006, hundreds of people converted from Hinduism to Buddhism in [[Gulburga]] ([[Karnataka]]).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20121016082553/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-10-15/bangalore/27824893_1_buddhism-chief-guest-srinivas-prasad &quot;Hundreds embrace Buddhism in Gulbarga-Bangalore&quot;], ''Times of India''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2006<br /> :At 50th anniversary celebrations in 2006 of Ambedkar's deeksha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | url = http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=42,3309,0,0,1,0<br /> | title = Prominent Indian female politician to embrace Buddhism<br /> | publisher = The Buddhist Channel<br /> | date = 17 October 2006<br /> | access-date = 30 August 2007<br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Non-partisan sources put the number of attendees (not converts) at 30,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;TheWeek&quot;&gt;Prerna Singh Bindra .[https://web.archive.org/web/20030622160717/http://www.the-week.com/21nov18/events6.htm &quot;Heads, I win...&quot;], ''The Week Magazine'', 18 November 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; The move was criticised by Hindu groups as &quot;unhelpful&quot; and has been criticised as a &quot;political stunt.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;TheWeek&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2007, Mumbai<br /> :On 27 May 2007, tens of thousands of Dalits from [[Maharashtra]] gathered at the Mahalakshmi racecourse in Mumbai to mark the 50th anniversary of the conversion of [[Babasaheb Ambedkar|Ambedkar]]. The number of people who converted versus the number of people in attendance was not clear.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6695695.stm|title=BBC NEWS – South Asia – Mass Dalit conversions in Mumbai|access-date=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; The event was organised by the [[Republican Party of India (Athvale)|Republican Party of India]] leader [[Ramdas Athawale|Ramdas Athvale]].&lt;ref&gt;Nithin Belle. ''[http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/subcontinent/2007/May/subcontinent_May1097.xml&amp;section=subcontinent&amp;col= &quot;Thousands of Dalits in 'mass conversion'&quot;]'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211195702/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data%2Fsubcontinent%2F2007%2FMay%2Fsubcontinent_May1097.xml&amp;section=subcontinent&amp;col= |date=11 February 2012 }}, ''Khaleej Times'', 28 May 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2018, Nagpur<br /> :During 6–8 October, 2019 more than 55,000 Dalits converted to Buddhism in [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra.&lt;ref name=&quot;z430&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Hindi | first=Bhaskar | title=55 हजार अनुयायियों ने ली बौद्ध धर्म की दीक्षा,दीक्षाभूमि पर जुटे बौद्ध अनुयायी | website=दैनिक भास्कर हिन्दी (Dainik Bhaskar Hindi) | date=2019-10-07 | url=https://www.bhaskarhindi.com/city/news/55-thousand-followers-took-the-initiation-of-buddhism-88262 | language=hi | access-date=2025-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2018, Meerut<br /> <br /> :On 24 October, 2018 about 1,500 people converted to Buddhism following an event organised in [[Swami Vivekanand Subharti University]], [[Meerut]].&lt;ref name=&quot;s344&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Meerut | first=managing | last2=More | first2=special reportage.Read | title=Meerut News | website=The Times of India | date=2018-10-25 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/1500-mostly-dalits-convert-to-buddhism-in-meerut/articleshow/66352300.cms | access-date=2025-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> :<br /> ;2019, Ahmedabad<br /> <br /> :On 27 October, 2019 about 1,500 Dalits embraced Buddhism in a event organized in [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial|Sardar Vallabhahai Patel National Memorial]]. The mass conversion was organized by the [[Buddha's Light International Association – Philippines|Buddha’s Light International Association]] (BLIA) founded by Ven. [[Hsing Yun]] in 1992. The BLIA is associated with [[Fo Guang Shan]], the largest Buddhist organization in [[Taiwan]], also founded by Ven. Hsing Yun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Whitaker |first=Justin |title=1,500 Dalits Convert to Buddhism Seeking Social Equality |url=https://www.buddhistdoor.net/news/1500-dalits-convert-to-buddhism-seeking-social-equality/ |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=Buddhistdoor Global |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ;2022, Delhi<br /> <br /> :On October 5, 2022 about 10,000 Hindus converted to Buddhism in Ambedkar Bhawan, Jhandewalan, [[New Delhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;x945&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Mishra | first=Alok K N | title=Delhi minister resigns after religious conversion row | website=Hindustan Times | date=2022-10-09 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/delhi-minister-resigns-after-religious-conversion-row-101665340086227.html | access-date=2025-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2023, Porbandar<br /> <br /> :On 14 April, 2023 almost 50,000 people belonging to Dalit and tribal category embraced Buddhism in [[Porbandar]], Gujarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;p592&quot;&gt;{{cite web | last=Kshatriya | first=Dilip Singh | title=Dalits embrace Buddhism at a mega event in Gujarat | website=The New Indian Express | date=2023-04-14 | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/ahmedabad/2023/Apr/14/dalits-embrace-buddhism-at-a-mega-event-in-gujarat-2565930.html | access-date=2025-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> ;2023, Junagarh<br /> <br /> :On 21 May, 2023 more than 500 persons from 75 dalit families converted from [[Hinduism]] and embraced [[Buddhism]] in [[Junagadh State|Junagarh]], Gujarat. The converts pledged allegiance to Gautam Buddha's [[Five precepts|Panchsheel]] principles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pillai |first=Geetha Sunil |date=2023-05-23 |title=Transformation of Faith: 500 Dalits Embrace Buddhism in a Profound Conversion in Gujarat's Junagarh Village |url=https://en.themooknayak.com/dalit-news/transformation-of-faith-500-dalits-embrace-buddhism-in-a-profound-conversion-in-gujarats-junagarh-village |access-date=2026-02-13 |website=The Mooknayak English - Voice Of The Voiceless |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ;2025, Surat<br /> <br /> :On 14 May, 2025 about 80 Dalit families converted to Buddhism following an event in Anand Buddha Vihar, [[Amroli]], [[Surat]], Gujarat.&lt;ref name=&quot;j217&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Surat: 80 Dalit families embrace Buddhism after two-year fight for religious freedom | website=Maktoob media | date=2025-05-19 | url=https://maktoobmedia.com/india/surat-80-dalit-families-embrace-buddhism-after-two-year-fight-for-religious-freedom/ | access-date=2025-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ;2025, Ahmedabad<br /> <br /> :On 02 October, 2025 not more than 120 dalits converted to Buddhism following an event in [[Kankaria]], [[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat. The reasons for conversion include caste-based discrimination, denied entry in Hindu temples, and influence of [[Ambedkar]]'s conversion in the same time frame in 1956.&lt;ref name=&quot;j5437&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=‘For spiritual development, equality’: On Ashok Vijayadashami, 120 Dalits convert to Buddhism in Ahmedabad | website=Indian Express| date=2025-10-03 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/equality-is-necessary-on-ashok-vijayadashami-76-dalits-convert-to-buddhism-in-ahmedabads-kankaria-10284014/ | access-date=2025-10-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Critique===<br /> <br /> [[Prerna Singh Bindra]] argued a mass-conversion of Hindus to Ambedkarite Buddhism under [[Udit Raj]] to be a political stunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Week&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20030622160717/http://www.the-week.com/21nov18/events6.htm &quot;Conversion: Ram Raj's rally was probably just an exercise in self-promotion&quot;], ''The Week''&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Distinctive interpretation==<br /> {{see also|Navayana|Buddhist modernism}}<br /> According to [[Gail Omvedt]], an American-born and naturalised Indian sociologist and human rights activist:<br /> <br /> {{blockquote|Ambedkar's Buddhism seemingly differs from that of those who accepted by faith, who 'go for [[Refuge (Buddhism)|refuge]]' and accept the canon. This much is clear from its basis: it does not accept in totality the scriptures of the Theravada, the Mahayana, or the Vajrayana. The question that is then clearly put forth: is a fourth yana, a [[Navayana]], a kind of modernistic Enlightenment version of the Dhamma really possible within the framework of Buddhism?&lt;ref name=&quot;Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste&quot;&gt;Omvedt, Gail. ''Buddhism in India : Challenging Brahmanism and Caste'', 3rd ed. London/New Delhi/Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2003. pages: 8&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> According to Omvedt, Ambedkar and his Buddhist movement deny many of the core doctrines of Buddhism.&lt;ref name=omvedt2/&gt; All the elements of religious modernism, state Christopher Queen and Sallie King, may be found in Ambedkar Buddhism where his ''[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]'' abandons the traditional precepts and practices, then adopts science, activism and social reforms as a form of [[Engaged Buddhism]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author1=Christopher S. Queen|author2=Sallie B. King|title=Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=I5-tjMKJ1ykC&amp;pg=PA65|year= 1996|publisher= State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-2843-6|pages=65–66}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambedkar's formulation of Buddhism is different from Western modernism, states Skaria, given his synthesis of the ideas of modern [[Karl Marx]] into the structure of ideas by the ancient Buddha.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Skaria | first=A. | title=Ambedkar, Marx and the Buddhist Question | journal= Journal of South Asian Studies | publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis | volume=38 | issue=3 | year=2015 | doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1049726 | pages=450–465| doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Criticism of the movement==<br /> <br /> Critics have argued that Neo-Buddhism does not have a strong influence, especially after the death of Ambedkar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=VERMA|first=VIDHU|date=2010|title=Reinterpreting Buddhism: Ambedkar on the Politics of Social Action|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=45|issue=49|pages=56–65|issn=0012-9976|jstor=27917939}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some critics also argue that Neo-Buddhism deviates too much from traditional Buddhism.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hancock|first=Virginia|date=2013|title=New Buddhism for New Aspirations: Navayana Buddhism of Ambedkar and His Followers|url=http://www.manushi-india.org/pdfs_issues/PDF%20145/Buddhism%2017-25.pdf|journal=First Conference on Religions in the Indic Civilisation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Even though traditional Buddhism emphasizes equality among people, it does not deny the caste system.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; In addition, its emphasis on people's liberation in the religious sense does not deny social distinctions as the norm of organizations in society, as the Buddha himself was the founder of a monastic order.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; A number of critics also argue that there is no moral foundation for the political practices that are based on Neo-Buddhist notions, since religion is totally voluntary, and Neo-Buddhism may thus violate democratic principles by restricting its followers to abide to certain non-religious rules.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Navayana as a political movement===<br /> The mass conversions to Buddhism are also seen as a political stunt rather than a genuine spiritual movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.the-week.com/21nov18/events6.htm | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030622160717/http://www.the-week.com/21nov18/events6.htm | archive-date=22 June 2003 | title=India Conversion: Ram Raj's rally was probably just an exercise in self-promotion, Nov 11, 2001 the Week }}&lt;/ref&gt; Politicians such as Udit Raj, Ramdas Athawale, [[Kanshi Ram]] and Mayawati have also been involved in staging or planning to stage mass conversions—these politicians are members of either the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] or the [[Republican Party of India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/oct/16look.htm?zcc=rl|title=Mayawati claims Kanshi Ram's legacy|website=www.rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tricycle.org/trikedaily/more-dalit-mass-conversions/|title=More Dalit Mass Conversions|date=29 May 2007|website=Tricycle: The Buddhist Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> According to Janet Contursi, Ambedkar reinterprets Buddhist religion and with Navayana &quot;speaks through Gautama and politicizes the Buddha philosophy as he theologizes his own political views&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last=Contursi | first=Janet A. | year=1993 | title=Political Theology: Text and Practice in a Dalit Panther Community | journal=The Journal of Asian Studies | publisher=Cambridge University Press | volume=52 | issue=2 | pages=320–339 | doi=10.2307/2059650 | jstor=2059650 | s2cid=162564306 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Ambedkar's reinterpretations===<br /> Ambedkar not only rejected Hinduism but also the most popular [[Buddhist schools]]. According to certain interpretations on Ambedkar's views, he considered all ideas in Theravada, Vajrayana and Mahayana Buddhism that relate to an individual's merit and spiritual development as insertions into Buddhism, and something that &quot;cannot be accepted to be the word of the Buddha&quot;. Buddhism, to Ambedkar, must have been a social reform movement.&lt;ref name=blackburn1/&gt;&lt;ref name=zelliot134&gt;{{cite book |first1=Eleanor |last1=Zelliot |first2=Joanna Rogers |last2=Macy |year=1980 |article=Tradition and innovation in contemporary Indian Buddhism |editor-first=A.K. |editor-last=Narain |title=Studies in the History of Buddhism |place=Delhi, IN |publisher=B.R. Publishing |pages=134–142}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ambedkar's radical reinterpretations of the faith reinterpreted many of the main tenets of mainstream Buddhism such as [[renunciation]], [[meditation]], [[Saṃsāra (Buddhism)|Samsara]], [[Karma]], [[reincarnation]] and even the [[Four Noble Truths]]. Although none of the concepts are rejected, the extent of the reinterpretation means many mainstream Buddhist sources claim it to be rejection of the core tenets of Buddhism.<br /> <br /> Ambedkar reinterprets the traditional story of [[The Buddha]] and the [[Great Renunciation]] in order to try and gain mass appeal from Dalits by giving the impression that The Buddha founded Buddhism as a social reform movement rather than a spiritual movement. Virginia Hancock writes about Ambedkar's reinterpretations as turning the Buddha into a politician.<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|According to Ambedkar, the Buddha advocated a rational and peaceful resolution of an inter-tribe water conflict but was unable to gain the necessary political leverage because he lacked majority vote. He then went into exile and became a renunciant because it was the only way to prevent his tribe from going to war with their neighbors. Ambedkar omits any mention of old age, sickness, and death (the forms of suffering the Buddha is usually understood to have encountered). In this way the Buddha’s renunciation is motivated more by political exigencies rather than a desire to find the ultimate truth, and he becomes a figure not unlike a minority politician in contemporary India. The discussion of water rights was also a familiar topic after the Mahad Satyagraha. These changes, though unorthodox, create a character for the Buddha that might be easily understood by oppressed communities, specifically Dalits.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Scholars broadly accept that the depictions of the Buddha as a social reformer are inaccurate.&lt;ref name=blackburn1/&gt;&lt;ref name=Krishan-1986&gt;{{cite journal |first=Y. |last=Krishan |year=1986 |url=http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/jiabs/article/download/8676/2583 |title=Buddhism and the caste system |journal=The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=71–84}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|It has been long recognized that Buddhism and Jainism were not movements for social reform, and that the Buddha's doctrine did not aim at transformation or improvement of the social conditions.&lt;ref name=Krishan-1986/&gt;}} [[Richard Gombrich|Gombrich]] (2012),&lt;ref name=gombrich345/&gt; states that there is no evidence that the Buddha began or pursued social reforms, rather his aim was at the salvation of those who joined his monastic order.&lt;ref name=gombrich345&gt;{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Gombrich |author-link=Richard Gombrich |year=2012 |title=Buddhist Precept &amp; Practice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-15623-6 |pages=344–345, context and discussion: 343–370 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqp4LuZQnHsC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Randall |last=Collins |year=2000 |title=The Sociology of Philosophies: A global theory of intellectual change |publisher=Harvard University Press |pages=205–206}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author1=Queen, Christopher S. |author2=King, Sallie B. |year=1996 |title=Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia |publisher=State University of New York Press |isbn=978-0-7914-2844-3 |pages=17–18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZsTgY1lNNsC&amp;pg=PA17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Modernist interpreters of Buddhism, states Gombrich, keep picking up this &quot;mistake from western authors&quot;, a view that initially came into vogue during the colonial era.&lt;ref name=gombrich345/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=Wanda |last=Alberts |year=2007 |title=Integrative Religious Education in Europe: A study-of-religions approach |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-097134-7 |pages=258–259 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvwKWS3VKfcC&amp;pg=PA258}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lopez84&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Lopez, Donald S. Jr. |year=2009 |title=Buddhism and Science: A guide for the perplexed |pages=84–91 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-49324-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M1rTNRb5uA4C}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote|Richard Gombrich adds that Buddha should not be seen as a social reformer: &quot;his concern was to reform individuals and help them leave society forever, not to reform the world... He never preached against social inequality, only declared its irrelevance to salvation. He never tried to abolish the caste system nor to do away with slavery&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZsTgY1lNNsC&amp;pg=PA17 | title=Engaged Buddhism: Buddhist Liberation Movements in Asia | isbn=9780791428443 | last1=Queen | first1=Christopher S. | last2=King | first2=Sallie B. | date=14 March 1996 | publisher=SUNY Press }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Empirical evidence outside of India, such as in the Theravada Buddhist monasteries of the Sinhalese society, suggests that class ideas have been prevalent among the ''sangha'' monks, and between the Buddhist monks and the laity. In all canonical Buddhist texts, the ''khattiyas'' (warrior class) are always mentioned first and never other classes such as ''brahmans'', ''vessas'', ''suddas''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Gombrich, Richard |year=2012 |title=Buddhist Precept &amp; Practice |pages=343–366 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-15623-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lqp4LuZQnHsC}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Bhadant Anand Kausalyayan]]<br /> * ''[[The Buddha and His Dhamma]]''<br /> * [[Buddhism in India]]<br /> * [[Buddhism in Nepal]]<br /> * [[Buddhism in Sri Lanka]]<br /> * [[Buddhist modernism]]<br /> * [[Buddhist Society of India]]<br /> * [[Chaitya Bhoomi]]<br /> * [[Humanistic Buddhism]]<br /> * [[List of converts to Buddhism from Hinduism]]<br /> * [[Lord Buddha TV]]<br /> * [[Marathi Buddhists]]<br /> * [[Namantar Andolan]]<br /> * [[New religious movement]]<br /> * [[Surai Sasai|Bhadant Nagarjun Arya Surai Sasai]]<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> ===Explanatory notes===<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{cite journal |author=Adele Fiske |title=Religion and Buddhism among India's New Buddhists |journal=Social Research |volume=36 |issue=1 |year=1969 |pages=123–157 }}<br /> * {{cite book |editor1=Surendra Jondhale |editor2=Johannes Beltz |title=Reconstructing the World: B.R. Ambedkar and Buddhism in India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3VuAAAAMAAJ |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566529-1}}<br /> * {{cite book |author1=Trevor Ling |author2=Steven Axelrod |title=Buddhist Revival in India: Aspects of the Sociology of Buddhism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zq2uCwAAQBAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-1-349-16310-6}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Omvedt |first=Gail |author-link=Gail Omvedt |title=Buddhism in India: Challenging Brahmanism and Caste |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OvmHAwAAQBAJ |year=2003 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=978-81-321-0370-7}}<br /> * {{cite book |author=Christopher S. Queen |chapter=Socially Engaged Buddhism: Emerging patterns in Theory and Practice |editor=Steven M. Emmanuel |title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ |year=2015 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |isbn=978-1-119-14466-3 |pages=524–535 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category}}<br /> *''[http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00ambedkar/ambedkar_buddha/ The Buddha and His Dhamma]'', B. R. Ambedkar<br /> <br /> {{Buddhism topics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dalit Buddhist Movement}}<br /> [[Category:1956 establishments in India]]<br /> [[Category:1956 in religion]]<br /> [[Category:B. R. Ambedkar]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhist new religious movements]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhism and politics]]<br /> [[Category:Buddhism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Dalit history]]<br /> [[Category:Dalit religion]]<br /> [[Category:Navayana]]<br /> [[Category:Religious conversion in India]]<br /> [[Category:Social movements in India]]<br /> [[Category:Conversion to Buddhism]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_national_mottos&diff=471146 2026-03-26T00:15:02Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: cleaned up lead as per guidelines</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|None}}<br /> {{More citations needed|article|date=September 2021}}<br /> [[File:2015-07-14 11-55-49 fete-nationale-belfort.jpg|thumb|France's national motto ''[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]'', seen on a public building in [[Belfort]]]]<br /> This article lists state and national [[motto]]s for the world's nations. The mottos for some [[List of unrecognized countries|states lacking general international recognition]], [[List of extinct states|extinct states]], non-sovereign nations, regions, and territories are listed, but their names are not bolded.<br /> <br /> A state motto is used to describe the intent or motivation of the state in a short phrase. For example, it can be included on a country's [[flag]], [[coat of arms]], or [[currency]]. Some countries do not have a national motto.<br /> <br /> ==Current sovereign countries==<br /> <br /> *'''{{flag|Afghanistan}}''': ''[[Shahada|There is no other god other than Allah (God); Muhammad is the messenger of God]].'' ({{langx|ar|لا إله إلا الله، محمد رسول الله}}; {{transliteration|ar| Lā ʾilāha ʾillāl–lāh, Muhammadun rasūl allāh}})&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[flag of Afghanistan]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Albania}}''': ''You, Albania, give me honour, give me the name Albanian'' ({{langx|sq|[[Ti Shqipëri, më jep nder, më jep emrin Shqipëtar]]}})<br /> *'''{{flag|Algeria}}''': ''By the people and for the people'' ({{langx|ar|بالشعب و للشعب}}; {{transliteration|ar|DIN|Bil-shaʿb wa lil-shaʿb}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.el-mouradia.dz/arabe/symbole/textes/constitution96.htm |title=Constitution of Algeria |access-date=2006-08-03 |language=ar |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321052821/http://www.el-mouradia.dz/arabe/symbole/textes/constitution96.htm |archive-date=2007-03-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Andorra}}''': ''United virtue is stronger'' ({{langx|la|Virtus Unita Fortior}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.coprince-fr.ad/frances/consti.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010121222100/http://www.coprince-fr.ad/frances/consti.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 21, 2001 |title=Constitution de la Principauté d'Andorre |access-date=2006-08-02 |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Antigua and Barbuda}}''': ''[[Each endeavouring, all achieving]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/antigua_barbuda.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Antigua and Barbada|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160421/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/antigua_barbuda.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Argentina}}''': No official motto. Unofficial motto: ''In Union and Liberty'' ({{langx|es|[[En unión y libertad]]|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the back of coins; see for instance [[:File:25 centavos coin reverse.JPG|this photo]] of a 1992 25 [[Argentine peso|centavos]] coin.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Armenia}}''': ''One Nation, One Culture'' ({{langx|hy|Մեկ Ազգ, Մեկ Մշակույթ}}; {{transliteration|hy|DIN|Mek Azg, Mek Mshakouyt}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=armenia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129205458/http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=armenia|url-status=dead|title=Guides and Maps – Armenia|archive-date=January 29, 2009|website=guidesandmaps.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Australia}}''': No official motto. Formerly ''Advance Australia''.&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Australian Coat of Arms (1908).PNG|1908 coat of arms of Australia]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Austria}}''': No official motto. [[A.E.I.O.U.]] is often seen as a historical national motto. The meaning is debated, but the most well known meaning is {{lang|la|[[A.E.I.O.U.|Austriae est imperare orbi universo]]}} (Austria's destiny is to rule the world).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pumhösel |first=Alois |date=2024-04-20 |title=Rätsel um Habsburger Motto A.E.I.O.U. bleibt wohl für immer ungelöst |url=https://www.derstandard.at/story/3000000215921/raetsel-um-habsburger-motto-aeiou-bleibt-wohl-fuer-immer-ungeloest |access-date=2025-01-08 |work=Der Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Azerbaijan}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''The Land of Fire'' ({{langx|az|Odlar Yurdu}}){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> [[File:Boliviano (reverso).png|thumb|The national motto of [[Bolivia]], ''La Unión es la Fuerza'' ([[Unity makes strength|Unity is Strength]]), is inscribed on [[Bolivian boliviano|boliviano]] coins.]]<br /> [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|thumb|The national motto of Brazil, ''Ordem e progresso'' (Order and progress), is inscribed on the [[flag of Brazil|Brazilian flag]].]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Bahamas}}''': ''Forward, Upward, Onward Together''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/bahamas.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – The Bahamas|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160012/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/bahamas.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Bangladesh}}''': No official motto. Former recognized official national slogan and war cry (2022–2024): ''Victory to Bengal'' ({{langx|bn|[[Joy Bangla (slogan)|Joy Bangla]]}}; ''জয় বাংলা'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url= https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/joy-bangla-to-be-national-slogan-hc|title='Joy Bangla' to be national slogan: HC|publisher= Daily Prothom Alo|date= 10 March 2020|access-date = 10 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bn2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url= https://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/bangladesh/1732865|title= HC orders govt to announce 'Joy Bangla' as national slogan in three months|publisher=bdnews24.com|date= March 10, 2020|access-date= March 10, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Report |first1=Star Digital |title='Joy Bangla' declared national slogan of Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/joy-bangla-declared-national-slogan-bangladesh-2974106 |access-date=2 March 2022 |work=The Daily Star |date=2 March 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='Joy Bangla' no longer national slogan |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/joy-bangla-no-longer-national-slogan-3772741 |work=The Daily Star |date=10 December 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Barbados}}''': ''Pride and Industry''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/barbados.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Barbados|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609220258/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/barbados.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2007-06-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Belarus}}''': No official motto. Unofficial motto: ''[[Long Live Belarus!]]'' ({{langx|be|Жыве Беларусь!}}, {{Transliteration|be|Žyvie Biełaruś!}})<br /> *'''{{flag|Belgium}}''': ''[[Unity makes strength]]'' ({{langx|nl|Eendracht maakt macht}}, {{langx|fr|L'union fait la force}}, {{langx|de|Einigkeit macht stark}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diplomatie.be/en/belgium/belgiumdetail.asp?TEXTID=1574|title=Diplomatie.be|website=www.diplomatie.be}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Belize}}''': ''Under the shade I flourish'' ({{langx|la|Sub umbra floreo}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/belize.jsp?menu=community |title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Belize |access-date=2006-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218025626/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/belize.jsp?menu=community |archive-date=2015-02-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Benin}}''': ''Fellowship, Justice, Labour'' ({{langx|fr|Fraternité, Justice, Travail}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/cop/assemble/constitution/constitution1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119122411/http://www.bj.refer.org/benin_ct/cop/assemble/constitution/constitution1.html|archive-date=2006-11-19|title=La Constitution de la République du Bénin|access-date=2006-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Bolivia}}''': ''[[Unity makes strength]]'' ({{langx|es|La Unión es la Fuerza|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the coins; see for example {{cite web|url=http://www.bcb.gov.bo/sitio/monedas/ligera/monedas/m10c.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428004356/http://www.bcb.gov.bo/sitio/monedas/ligera/monedas/m10c.html|archive-date=2007-04-28|title=Banco Central de Bolivia : Moneda de 10 Centavos|access-date=2006-08-04|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Botswana}}''': ''Rain'' ({{langx|tn|Pula}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[Coat of arms of Botswana]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Brazil}}''': ''Order and progress'' ({{langx|pt|Ordem e progresso}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brasilemb.org/profile_brazil/brasil_ejournal_maxwell.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930142232/http://www.brasilemb.org/profile_brazil/brasil_ejournal_maxwell.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-09-30|title=Embassy of Brazil|date=September 30, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Brunei}}''': ''Always in service with God's guidance'' ({{langx|ar|الدائمون المحسنون بالهدى}} {{Transliteration|ar|Ad-dāʾimūna al-muḥsinūna bi-l-hudā}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.brunei.gov.bn/about_brunei/flag.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060804212614/http://www.brunei.gov.bn/about_brunei/flag.htm|archive-date=2006-08-04|title=The Government of Brunei Darussalam – National Flag and Crest|access-date=2006-08-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Bulgaria}}''': ''[[Unity makes strength]]'' ({{langx|bg|Съединението прави силата}}, {{Transliteration|bg|Sŭedinenieto pravi silata}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&amp;p=0159&amp;n=000006&amp;g=|title=About Bulgaria: National Symbols – Flag, coat of arms, anthem|access-date=2006-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208102912/http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&amp;p=0159&amp;n=000006&amp;g=|archive-date=2009-02-08|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Burkina Faso}}''': ''Fatherland or death, we shall triumph! '' ({{langx|fr|La Patrie ou la Mort, nous vaincrons}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Burundi}}''': ''Unity, Work, Progress'' ({{langx|fr|Unité, Travail, Progrès}})&lt;ref&gt;Article 7 of {{cite web|url=http://www.idlo.int/texts/leg5567.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824121326/http://www.idlo.int/texts/leg5567.pdf|archive-date=2006-08-24|title=Constitution de la République du Burundi |access-date=2006-08-05|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Cambodia}}''': ''[[Nation, Religion, King]]'' ({{langx|km|ជាតិ សាសនា ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ}}; {{Transliteration|km|Chéatĕ, Sasânéa, Preăh Môhaksâtr}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cambodia.org/facts/?government=The+Constitution+of+Cambodia|title=Constitution of Cambodia|access-date=2011-04-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524074118/http://www.cambodia.org/facts/?government=The+Constitution+of+Cambodia|archive-date=2011-05-24|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Cameroon}}''': ''Peace, Work, Fatherland'' ({{langx|fr|Paix – Travail – Patrie}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elaw.org/resources/text.asp?ID=1730|title=La Constitution du Cameroun|access-date=2006-08-05|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:A mari usque ad mare.svg|thumb|right|The Canadian motto within the 1921 [[Arms of Canada]]]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Canada}}''': ''From sea to sea'' ({{langx|la|[[A mari usque ad mare]]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;ArticleId=A0000001|title=The Canada Encyclopedia: A Mari usque ad Mare|access-date=2006-08-05|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070910070143/http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;ArticleId=A0000001|archive-date=2007-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Cape Verde}}''': ''Unity, Work, Progress'' ({{lang|pt|Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Dialogic Nation of Cape Verde: Slavery, Language, and Ideology|last=Rego|first=Márcia|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2015|isbn=9780739193785|page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Central African Republic}}''': ''Unity, Dignity, Work'' ({{langx|fr|Unité, Dignité, Travail}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.idlo.int/texts/leg5540.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824121335/http://www.idlo.int/texts/leg5540.pdf|archive-date=2006-08-24|title=Constitution de Centrafrique|access-date=2006-08-08|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Chad}}''': ''Unity, Work, Progress'' ({{langx|fr|Unité, Travail, Progrès}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cefod.org/Fichiers%20web/Constitution%20Tchadienne.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030210123911/http://www.cefod.org/Fichiers%20web/Constitution%20Tchadienne.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2003-02-10 |title=Constitution de la République du Tchad 1996 |access-date=2006-08-08 |language=fr }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Chile}}''': ''Through reason or by force'' ({{langx|es|Por la razón o la fuerza|link=no}})<br /> *'''{{flag|China}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''[[Serve the People|Serve the people]]'' ({{lang-zh|为人民服务}}) is the motto of the [[Chinese Communist Party|CCP]] and the Chinese government. <br /> *'''{{flag|Colombia}}''': ''Freedom and order'' ({{langx|es|Libertad y orden|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;As seen on the [[coat of arms of Colombia]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Comoros}}''': ''Unity, Solidarity, Development'' ({{langx|fr|Unité, Solidarité, Développement}}).&lt;ref&gt;As seen on the [[national seal of the Comoros]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}''': ''Justice, Peace, Work'' ({{langx|fr|Justice – Paix – Travail}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.presidentrdc.cd/constitution.html |title=Constitution de la République Démocratique du Congo |access-date=2006-08-08 |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060812032926/http://www.presidentrdc.cd/constitution.html |archive-date=2006-08-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Republic of the Congo}}''': ''Unity, Work, Progress'' ({{langx|fr|Unité, Travail, Progrès}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Constitution_de_la_RDC.pdf|title=Constitution de la République du Congo|access-date=2006-08-08|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Cuba}}''': ''Fatherland or death, we shall overcome!'' ({{langx|es|[[Patria o Muerte, Venceremos|¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos!]]|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the obverse of the coins; see {{cite web|url=http://www.sonic.net/~figgins/cuba/coin.gif|title=this photo of a 1992 coin|access-date=2006-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Czech Republic}}''': ''[[Truth prevails]]'' ({{langx|cs|[[Pravda vítězí]]}})&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Flag of the president of the Czech Republic.svg|Flag of the president of the Czech Republic]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Denmark}}''': The national motto of Denmark is the royal motto of the reigning monarch and changes with every monarch. The current Royal Motto of [[Frederik X]]: ''United, committed, for the Kingdom of Denmark'' ({{langx|da|[[Royal mottos of Danish monarchs|Forbundet, forpligtet, for Kongeriget Danmark]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=H.M. Dronningen |url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/den-kongelige-familie/h-m-dronningen |access-date=2023-04-19 |website=www.kongehuset.dk}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Djibouti}}''': ''Unity, Equality, Peace'' ({{langx|so|Itixaad, Gudboonaan, Ammaan}}, {{langx|fr|Unité, Égalité, Paix}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.adi.dj/constitut/constitut_dj.htm|title=Constitution de la République de Djibouti|access-date=2006-08-08|language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125063016/http://www.adi.dj/constitut/constitut_dj.htm|archive-date=2012-11-25|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Dominica}}''': ''After God, the Earth'' ([[Dominican Creole French]]: Après Bondié, C'est la Ter).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/dominica.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Dominica|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160216/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/dominica.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Dominican Republic}}''': ''God, Fatherland, Liberty'' ({{langx|es|Dios, Patria, Libertad|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;Article 93 of {{cite web|url=http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/DomRep/domrep02.html|title=Constitución politica de la Republica Domenica de 2002|access-date=2006-08-05|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|East Timor}}''': ''Unity, Action, and Progress'' ({{lang|pt|Unidade, Acção, Progresso}})&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:East timor coa.png|coat of arms]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Ecuador}}''': ''God, homeland, and freedom'' ({{langx|es|Dios, patria y libertad|link=no}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|El Salvador}}''': ''God, Union, Liberty'' ({{langx|es|Dios, Unión, Libertad|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.casapres.gob.sv/Simbolos_Patrios/bandera.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060817052014/http://www.casapres.gob.sv/Simbolos_Patrios/bandera.htm|archive-date=2006-08-17|title=Casa Presidencial – Bandera Nacional de El Salvador|access-date=2006-08-14|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}}''': ''Unity, Peace, Justice'' ({{langx|es|Unidad, Paz, Justicia|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;As seen on the [Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Eritrea}}''': ''Victory to the Masses!'' ({{langx|ar|انتصار للجماهير}}, {{langx|ti|ዓወት ንሓፋሽ!}}, also in English).<br /> *'''{{flag|Estonia}}''': No official motto. Unofficial motto: ''Long live Estonia!'' ({{langx|et|Elagu Eesti!}}) or ''Long live the Republic of Estonia!'' ({{Lang|et|Elagu Eesti Vabariik!}})<br /> *'''{{flag|Eswatini}}''': ''We are the fortress'' ({{langx|ss|Siyinqaba}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sntc.org.sz/tourism/social.asp|title=Swaziland National Trust Commission – General Swaziland Information: Social|access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Ethiopia}}''': Currently no official motto. Formerly: ''Ethiopia First'' ([[Amharic]]: ኢትዮጲያ ትቅደም; &quot;Ethiopia Tikdem&quot;), and prior to that: ''Ethiopia holds up her hands unto God'' ({{langx|gez|ኢትዮጵያ ታበድ አደዊሃ ሃበ አግዚአብሐር}}; ''Itiyopia tabetsih edewiha habe Igziabiher''), taken from [[Psalm 68|Psalm 68:31]].&lt;ref name=&quot;ethiopia&quot;&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Imperial Coat of Arms of Ethiopia (Haile Selassie).svg|coat of arms of Haile Selassie]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *European Union : United in diversity&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EU motto {{!}} European Union |url=https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/symbols/eu-motto_en |access-date=2025-04-19 |website=european-union.europa.eu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Fiji}}''': ''Fear God and honour the King'' ({{langx|fj|Rerevaka na Kalou ka Doka na Tui}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/national_symbols.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061005042951/http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/national_symbols.shtml|archive-date=2006-10-05|title=National Symbols – Fiji Government Online|access-date=2006-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Finland}}''': No official motto. When [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|a Kingdom was planned as a form of government in 1917]], the motto was &quot;Strong, Stable, Free&quot; ({{langx|fi|Vankka, vakaa, vapaa}}){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|France}}''': ''Liberty, equality, fraternity'' ({{langx|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.info-france-usa.org/atoz/libeqfra.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927055047/http://www.info-france-usa.org/atoz/libeqfra.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2006-09-27|title=Embassy of France in the U.S. – Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood|date=September 27, 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Gabon}}''': ''Union, Work, Justice'' ({{langx|fr|Union, Travail, Justice}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.accpuf.org/images/pdf/cm/gabon/031-tf-txt_const.pdf|title=Constitution de la République Gabonaise|access-date=2008-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217030702/http://www.accpuf.org/images/pdf/cm/gabon/031-tf-txt_const.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-17|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Gambia}}''': ''Progress, Peace, Prosperity''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.seagam.org/Coarms.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007172048/http://www.seagam.org/Coarms.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2007-10-07|title=Seatle Gambia Association – Coat of Arms of The Gambia|access-date=2006-08-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Georgia}}''': ''Strength is in Unity!'' ({{lang-ka|ძალა ერთობაშია!}}; ''[[Dzala ertobashia]]'').&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|coat of arms of Georgia]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Germany}}''': No official motto, ''de facto'': ''Unity and justice and freedom'' ({{langx|de|[[Deutschlandlied|Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit]]}}), historically: [[Gott mit uns]], [[Blut und Boden]].<br /> *'''{{flag|Ghana}}''': ''Freedom and Justice''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Republic of Ghana: The Ghana Coat of Arms|url=http://www.ghana.gov.gh/living/coatofarms.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060414083128/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/living/coatofarms.php|archive-date=2006-04-14|access-date=2006-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Greece}}''': ''Freedom or Death'' ({{langx|el|Ελευθερία ή θάνατος}}; ''[[Eleftheria i thanatos]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/greece/grsymbols.htm|title=Greece, State Symbols, Song, Flags and more|access-date=2013-11-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Grenada}}''': ''Ever Conscious of God We Aspire, Build and Advance as One People''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/grenada.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Grenada|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160108/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/grenada.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Guatemala}}''': ''Grow Free and Fertile'' ({{langx|es|Libre Crezca Fecundo|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.banguat.gob.gt/inc/ver.asp?id=/en/currency%20and%20bills/Monedas%20y%20Billetes%20Translation.htm&amp;e=18108|access-date=2008-03-11|title=Banco de Guatemala – Bills and Currency in Current Circulation}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Guinea}}''': ''Work, Justice, Solidarity'' ({{langx|fr|Travail, Justice, Solidarité}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/gn/con/fr/1990/1990dfgncofr1.html|title=OIF – Guinée : Loi fondamentale|access-date=2006-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060219061841/http://droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/gn/con/fr/1990/1990dfgncofr1.html|archive-date=19 February 2006|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}}''': ''Unity, Struggle, Progress'' ({{lang|pt|Unidade, Luta, Progresso}}).&lt;ref&gt;Article 21 of {{cite web|url=http://www.cmseducation.org/wconsts/guibis.html|title=Constitution de la Guinée-Bissau|access-date=2006-08-22|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218213556/http://www.cmseducation.org/wconsts/guibis.html|archive-date=2007-02-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Guyana}}''': ''One People, One Nation, One Destiny''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/guyana.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Guyana|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111220073606/http://caricom.org/jsp/community/guyana.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2011-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Haiti}}''': ''Liberty, equality, fraternity'' ({{langx|fr|[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.haiti-reference.com/histoire/constitutions/const_1987.htm |title=Article 4 of the Constitution |publisher=Haiti-reference.com |access-date=24 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Honduras}}''': ''Free, sovereign and independent'' ({{langx|es|Libre, Soberana E Independiente|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sica.int/miembros/hn/simbolos.aspx?IdEnt=1|title=Secretaría General del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana – República de Honduras – Simbolos Patrios|access-date=2006-08-22|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Hungary}}''': Currently no official motto. Formerly ''With God for Homeland and Freedom'' ({{langx|la|Cum Deo pro Patria et Libertate}}), [[battle cry]] of Prince [[Francis II Rákóczi]] in the early 18th century. While there is no official motto, several of them are used in parallel such as ''Strength, Loyalty, Hope'' ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: Erő, Hűség, Remény)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-03-16 |title=1848 öröksége az erő, a hűség és a remény {{!}} Vajdasági Magyar Szövetség {{!}} VMSZ hivatalos honlapja |url=https://www.vmsz.org.rs/hirek/tortenesek/1848-oroksege-az-ero-huseg-es-remeny |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=www.vmsz.org.rs |language=hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=MNLadmin10868 |date=2018-03-31 |title=Nemzeti jelképeink: erő, hűség, remény |url=https://mnl.gov.hu/mnl/hbml/hirek/nemzeti_jelkepeink_ero_huseg_remeny |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár |language=hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A piros az erő, a fehér a hűség, a zöld a remény jelképe |url=https://hirado.hu/cikk/2023/03/24/a-piros-az-ero-a-feher-a-huseg-a-zold-a-remeny-jelkepe/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=hirado.hu |language=hu}}&lt;/ref&gt; or Let there be Peace, Freedom and Concord known from the [[12 points of the Hungarian Revolutionaries of 1848|12 points]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sajtoiroda |first=A. M. |date=2023-03-15 |title=Legyen béke, szabadság, egyetértés |url=https://kormany.hu/hirek/legyen-beke-szabadsag-egyetertess |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=kormany.hu |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; before the Habsburg rule the official motto was Kingdom of Mary Patroness of Hungary ([[Latin]]: Regnum Mariae Patronae Hungariae)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Adeleye |first1=Gabriel |title=World dictionary of foreign expressions: a resource for readers and writers |last2=Acquah-Dadzie |first2=Kofi |last3=Sienkewicz |first3=Thomas J. |last4=McDonough |first4=James T. |date=1999 |publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers |isbn=978-0-86516-422-2 |location=Wauconda, Ill |language=en, hu}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Emblem of India.svg|thumb|The [[National Emblem of India]] bears the motto ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]'' ([[Sanskrit]]: &quot;Truth alone triumphs&quot;).]]<br /> [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|thumb|The [[flag of Iraq]] displays the national motto, ''[[Allahu Akbar]]'' (&quot;God is Great&quot;).]]<br /> *'''{{flag|India}}''': ''Truth alone triumphs'' ({{langx|sa|सत्यमेव जयते}}, ''[[Satyameva Jayate]]'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_emblem.php|title=National Portal of India : Know India : National babes|access-date=2006-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Indonesia}}''': ''Unity in diversity'' ([[Kawi language|Old Javanese]]: [[Bhinneka Tunggal Ika]]).&lt;ref&gt;Article 36A of the [[s:Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia|Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Iran}}''': ''God is the Greatest'' ({{langx|ar|الله اكبر}}; [[Takbir|Allahu Akbar]]). ''De facto'' motto: ''Independence, freedom, the Islamic Republic'' ({{langx|fa|استقلال، آزادى، جمهورى اسلامى}}; ''Esteqlāl, āzādī, jomhūrī-ye eslāmī'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bookrags.com/browse/Encyclopedia%20of%20Religious%20Practices/50|title=Encyclopedia of Religious Practices}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran]], Article 18&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *'''{{flag|Iraq}}''': ''God is the Greatest'' ({{langx|ar|الله أكبر}}, [[Takbir|Allahu Akbar]]).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[flag of Iraq]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Israel}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''If you will it, it is no dream'' ({{langx|he|אם תרצו, אין זו אגדה}}; ''Im Tirtzu, Ein zo Agadah'').<br /> *'''{{flag|Ivory Coast}}''': ''Unity, Discipline, Labor'' ({{langx|fr|Union, Discipline, Travail}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abidjan.net/gouvernement/constitution.htm|title=La Constitutioni de la République de Côte d'Ivoire|access-date=2006-08-08|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822155753/http://www.abidjan.net/gouvernement/constitution.htm|archive-date=2006-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Jamaica}}''': ''Out of many, One People''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/Independence/symbols.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028013030/http://www.jis.gov.jm/special_sections/Independence/symbols.html|url-status=dead|title=Independence&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;|archive-date=October 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Japan}}''': No official motto. ''[[Charter Oath]]'' or ''The Oath in Five Articles'' (Japanese: 五箇条の御誓文; ''Gokajō no Goseimon'') was previously used between 1868 and 1912<br /> *'''{{flag|Jordan}}''': ''God, Homeland, King'' ([[Jordanian Arabic]]: الله، الوطن، الملك; ''Allāh, Al-Waṭan, Al-Malīk'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/july2006/jordan.html|title=Jordan (country profile)|access-date=2013-11-20|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714213221/http://martinfrost.ws/htmlfiles/july2006/jordan.html|archive-date=2014-07-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|thumb|[[Gilbertese language|Kiribati]]: &quot;Health, Peace and Prosperity&quot; on the [[Coat of arms of Kiribati]].]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Kenya}}''': ''All pull together'' ({{langx|sw|[[Harambee]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/kenyan-national-motto-controversial-to-some/3084.html &quot;Kenyan National Motto Controversial to Some&quot;], ''Hindu Press International'', July 5, 2003 [http://allafrica.com/stories/200805051353.html &quot;Kenya: What's in a Name? Goddesses Have Always Been Worshipped&quot;], ''The Nation'', May 5, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Kiribati}}''': ''Health, Peace and Prosperity'' ({{langx|gil|Te mauri, te raoi ao te tabomoa}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|coat of arms of Kiribati]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|North Korea}}''': ''Strong and Prosperous Nation'' ([[Korean language|Korean]]: 강성대국).<br /> *'''{{flag|South Korea}}''': ''To broadly benefit the human world'' ({{Korean|홍익인간|弘益人間|[[Hongik Ingan]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;Specified as ideology on Education Act Number 86, 1949-12-31 http://www.law.go.kr/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=5396#0000 (in Korean)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{Flag|Kosovo}}''': No official motto. Proposed motto: ''Honour, Duty, Homeland'' ({{langx|sq|Nderi, Detyra, Atdheu}}).<br /> *'''{{flag|Kuwait}}''': ''God, The Nation, The Emir'' ({{langx|ar|الله, الوطن, الأمير}}).<br /> *'''{{flag|Laos}}''': ''Peace, independence, democracy, unity and prosperity'' ({{langx|lo|ສັນຕິພາບ ເອກະລາດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ເອກະພາບ ວັດທະນາຖາວອນ}} {{Transliteration|lo|Santiphap, Ekalat, Paxathipatai, Ekaphap, Vatthanathavon}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://invest.laopdr.org/politics.htm|title=Laos – Foreign Investment Management Cabinet: Politics|access-date=2006-08-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060822213041/http://www.invest.laopdr.org/politics.htm|archive-date=2006-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Lebanon}}''': ''[[National Anthem of Lebanon|We are all for the Country, the Sublime and the Flag]]'' ({{langx|ar|كلنا للوطن ، للعلا للعلم}} ).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=lebanon|title=Lebanon – Guides and Maps|access-date=2013-11-23|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235316/http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=lebanon|archive-date=2013-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Lesotho}}''': ''Peace, Rain, Prosperity'' ({{langx|st|Khotso, Pula, Nala}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lesothoemb-usa.gov.ls/lesothomap.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905083909/http://www.lesothoemb-usa.gov.ls/lesothomap.htm|archive-date=2006-09-05|title=Lesotho Embassy in Washington – Lesotho Fact Sheet|access-date=2006-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Liberia}}''': ''The love of liberty brought us here''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2006/Mar/16-300883.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060824163048/http://usinfo.state.gov/af/Archive/2006/Mar/16-300883.html|archive-date=2006-08-24|title=Liberian President Sirleaf Addresses Joint Session of Congress|access-date=2006-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Liechtenstein}}''': ''For God, Prince and Fatherland'' ({{langx|de|Für Gott, Fürst und Vaterland}}).{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Lithuania}}''': No official motto. ''Freedom, Unity, Prosperity'' ({{langx|lt|Laisvė, vienybė, gerovė}}) used on coins since 2015. ''May unity bloom!'' ({{langx|lt|Vienybė težydi!}}) from the [[Tautiška giesmė|national anthem]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Luxembourg}}''': ''We want to remain what we are'' ({{langx|lb|[[Mir wëlle bleiwe wat mir sinn]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.visitluxembourg.com/place/tiirmschen |title=Tiirmchen }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Madagascar}}''': ''Love, Ancestral-land, Progress'' ({{langx|mg|Fitiavana, Tanindrazana, Fandrosoana}}).&lt;ref&gt;Article 4 of {{cite web|url=http://www.simicro.mg/hcc/hcc/constitution.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060716004703/http://www.simicro.mg/hcc/hcc/constitution.html|archive-date=2006-07-16|title=Constitution de la République de Madagascar|access-date=2006-08-22|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Malawi}}''': ''Unity and Freedom''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://symbolhunt.com/malawi/motto/ | title=Motto of Malawi – Unity and Freedom &amp;#124; Symbol Hunt | date=28 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Malaysia}}''': ''Unity is strength'' ({{langx|ms|Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.my/MYGOV/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411102941/http://www.gov.my/MYGOV/BI/Directory/Government/AboutMsianGov/MsianFlagAndCrest/|archive-date=2008-04-11|title=Government of Malaysia – Malaysian flag and crest|access-date=2006-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Maldives}}''': ''State of the Mahal Dibiyat'' ({{langx|ar|الدولة المحلديبية}}; ''Al-Dawlat Al-Mahaldheebiya'').{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Mali}}''': ''One people, one goal, one faith'' ({{langx|fr|Un peuple, un but, une foi}}).&lt;ref&gt;Article 25 of {{cite web|url=http://www.justicemali.org/pdf/39-constitution.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923162643/http://www.justicemali.org/pdf/39-constitution.pdf|archive-date=2006-09-23|title=La constitution du Mali|access-date=2006-08-26|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Malta}}''': ''Virtuous strength and consistency'' ({{langx|la|Virtute et constantia}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Symbols- Maltese History and Heritage|date=9 September 2013 |url=http://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/national-symbols/comment-page-1/|access-date=2014-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Marshall Islands}}''': ''Accomplishment''/''Achievement through Joint Effort'' ({{langx|mh|Jepilpilin ke Ejukaan}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lifestyle.iloveindia.com/lounge/facts-about-marshall-islands-10951.html|title=Fascinating Facts about the Marshall Islands|access-date=2013-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Mauritania}}''': ''Honor, Fraternity, Justice'' ({{langx|ar|شرف، إخاء، عدالة}}, {{langx|fr|Honneur, Fraternité, Justice}}).&lt;ref&gt;Article 9 of {{cite web|url=http://genre.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Mauritanie_Constitution.pdf|title=Constitution de la Republique islamique de Mauritanie|access-date=2006-08-27|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726063418/http://genre.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Mauritanie_Constitution.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Mauritius}}''': ''Star and key of the Indian Ocean'' ({{langx|la|Stella Clavisque Maris Indici}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/abtmtius?content_id=53690d31693c8010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD|title=The Republic of Mauritius Web Portal – Coat of Arms|access-date=2006-08-27|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320222453/http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/abtmtius/?content_id=53690d31693c8010VgnVCM100000ca6a12acRCRD|archive-date=2007-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Mexico}}''': No official motto, ''The Homeland is First'' ({{langx|es|La Patria es Primero|link=no}}) is the motto of the Mexican Congress.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Micronesia}}''': ''Peace, Unity, Liberty''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://country-facts.findthedata.org/l/115/Micronesia-Federated-States-of|title=Facts about Micronesia|access-date=2013-11-13|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131113192400/http://country-facts.findthedata.org/l/115/Micronesia-Federated-States-of|archive-date=2013-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Monaco}}''': ''With God's help'' ({{langx|la|Deo juvante}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.monte-carlo.mc/index-monaco_montecarlo-fr.html|title=Monaco en un clin d'œil!|access-date=2006-08-03|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Montenegro}}''': No official motto. Unofficial motto: ''May Montenegro be eternal!'' ({{lang-sh-Latn-Cyrl|Da je vječna Crna Gora!|separator=&quot; / &quot;|Да је вјечна Црна Гора!}}). From the [[Oj, svijetla majska zoro|national anthem]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Morocco}}''': ''God, the Country, the King'' ({{langx|ar|الله، الوطن، الملك}}; ''Allāh, Al-Waṭan, Al-Malīk'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FFBFF494-EE11-4387-A900-18D10EA578EA.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012133552/http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FFBFF494-EE11-4387-A900-18D10EA578EA.htm|url-status=dead|title=Gouvernement Du Royaume Du Maroc: Monarchy|archive-date=October 12, 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sovereign's motto: If you aid God, He will aid you ({{Langx|ar|إن تَنصُروا اللهَ ينصُرُکُم}} {{Transliteration|ar|ʾIn tanṣurū 'Ilaha yanṣurukum}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National arms of Morocco |url=http://www.ngw.nl/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=National_Arms_of_Morocco|access-date=7 October 2015|quote=The motto &quot;ن تنصروا الله ينصركم{{lrm}}&quot; (If you glorify God, he will glorify you) is taken from the Qur'an (Verse 7, Sura 47).}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Myanmar}}''': Currently no official motto. Formerly: ''Happiness through harmony'' ({{langx|my|သမဂ္ဂါနံ တပေါ သုခေါ}}; ''Samaggānaṃ tapo sukho'').{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Namibia}}''': ''Unity, liberty, justice''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.grnnet.gov.na/Nav_frames/Nutshell_launch.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820231932/http://www.grnnet.gov.na/Nav_frames/Nutshell_launch.htm|archive-date=2006-08-20|title=Namibia in a Nutshell – Symbols|access-date=2006-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Nauru}}''': ''God's will first''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.funtrivia.com/en/Geography/Nauru-17640.html|title=Nauru -Fun Facts and Information|access-date=2013-11-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Nepal}}''': ''Mother and motherland are greater than heaven'' ({{langx|sa|जननी जन्मभूमिश्च स्वर्गादपि गरीयसी}}; ''[[Janani Janmabhumishcha Swargadapi Gariyasi]]'')&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.valmikiramayan.net/yuddha/sarga124/yuddhaitrans124.htm#Verse17|title=Valmiki Ramayana – Yuddha Kanda|website=www.valmikiramayan.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Netherlands}}''': ''I will maintain'' ({{langx|fr|Je maintiendrai}}, {{langx|nl|Ik zal handhaven}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;koninklijkhuis.nl&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13335|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060507134647/http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/english/content.jsp?objectid=13335|archive-date=2006-05-07|title=The Dutch royal house: The royal coat of arms|access-date=2006-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|New Zealand}}''': No official motto, formerly ''Onward''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mch.govt.nz/about/faq.html|title=New Zealand Ministry for Culture and heritage – FAQ|access-date=2008-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Nicaragua}}''': ''In God We Trust'' ({{langx|es|En Dios Confiamos|link=no}})&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[Nicaraguan córdoba|Córdoba]] (bank notes and coins); see for example [https://web.archive.org/web/20050218112731/http://www.bcn.gob.ni/moneda/circulacion/ Banco Central de Nicaragua]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Niger}}''': ''Fraternity, Work, Progress'' ({{langx|fr|Fraternité, Travail, Progrès}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.assemblee.ne/texteslegaux/cons99.htm|title=Constitution du 18 juillet 1999|access-date=2006-08-23|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Nigeria}}''': ''Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress''.&lt;ref&gt;Article 15 of the {{cite web|url=http://www.nigeria-law.org/ConstitutionOfTheFederalRepublicOfNigeria.htm|title=Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria|access-date=2006-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Norway}}''': No official motto. [[Royal mottos of Norwegian monarchs|Royal motto]] of [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]]: ''Everything for Norway'' ({{langx|no|Alt for Norge}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/norway/nosymbols.htm|title=Norway state symbol – songs, flags and more|access-date=2013-11-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Kingdom of Norway (1814)|Eidsvoll oath]]: ''[[Enige og tro inntil Dovre faller|United and loyal until the mountains of Dovre crumble]]'' ({{langx|no|Enige og tro inntil Dovre faller/Einige og tru til Dovre fell}})&lt;ref&gt;[[:nn:Einige og tru til Dovre fell]].&lt;/ref&gt;{{Circular reference|date=August 2018}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Oman}}''': ''God, The Nation, The Sultan'' ({{langx|ar|الله، الوطن، السلطان}}).<br /> [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|thumb|Pakistan: ''Īmān, Ittiḥād, Nazm.'' ([[Urdu]] &quot;Faith, Unity, Discipline&quot;).]]<br /> [[File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg|thumb|[[Panama]]: ''Pro mundi beneficio'' ([[Latin]]: &quot;For the benefit of the world&quot;).]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Pakistan}}''': ''[[Faith, Unity, Discipline]]'' ({{langx|ur|ايمان، اتحاد، نظم}}; ''Iman, Ittihad, Nazm'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/BasicFacts.aspx|title=Information of Pakistan: Basic Facts|access-date=2006-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Panama}}''': ''For the benefit of the world'' ({{langx|la|Pro mundi beneficio}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Escudo armas Panama.png|Coat of arms of Panama]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}''': ''Unity in Diversity''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=papua%20new%20guinea|title=Papua New Guinea – Guides and Maps|access-date=2013-11-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014556/http://guidesandmaps.net/index.php?page=papua%20new%20guinea|archive-date=2013-12-03|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Paraguay}}''': ''Peace and justice'' ({{langx|es|Paz y justicia|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.paraguaysp.com.br/himno.htm|title=Consulado General de la República del Paraguay|access-date=2006-08-26|language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427041813/http://www.paraguaysp.com.br/himno.htm|archive-date=2006-04-27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Peru}}''': ''Firm and happy for the union'' ({{langx|es|[[Firme y feliz por la unión]]|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=SpijExtWeb |url=https://spij.minjus.gob.pe/spij-ext-web/#/detallenorma/H1394636 |access-date=2025-10-17 |website=spij.minjus.gob.pe}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Philippines}}''': ''For God, for the people, for nature and for the country'' ({{langx|tl|[[Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;Section 40 of {{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/RA8491.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923162644/http://www.gov.ph/aboutphil/RA8491.doc|archive-date=2006-09-23|title=Republic Act No. 8491: An act prescribing the code of the national flag, anthem, motto, coat-of-arms and other heraldic items and devices of the Philippines|access-date=2006-08-27|url-status=dead|format=DOC}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Poland}}''': No official motto. [[Unofficial mottos of Poland]] include: ''[[For our freedom and yours]]'' ({{langx|pl|Za wolność Naszą i Waszą}}); ''For Faith, Law and the People'' ({{langx|la|Pro Fide, Lege et Grege}}), and ''God, Honour, Fatherland'' ({{langx|pl|Bóg, Honor, Ojczyzna}}).{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Portugal}}''': ''This is my blissful beloved homeland'' ({{lang|pt|Esta é a ditosa Pátria minha amada}}){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> [[File:Lesser CoA of the empire of Russia.svg|thumb|200px|right|The national motto of the [[Russian Empire]]: ''{{nowrap|Съ нами Богъ!}}''&lt;br /&gt; ({{transliteration|ru|S nami Bog!}})|alt=God is with us!, is inscribed on the [[Coat of arms of Russia]] as shown.]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Romania}}''': No official motto. Formerly ''Nothing without God'' ({{langx|la|[[Nihil sine Deo]]}}), which has been proposed to return.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.mediafax.ro/politic/noua-constitutie-propunerea-ca-nihil-sine-deo-sa-fie-deviza-romaniei-nu-a-intrunit-voturile-necesare-adoptarii-10933397|title=NOUA CONSTITUȚIE: Propunerea ca &quot;Nihil sine Deo&quot; să fie deviza României nu a întrunit voturile necesare adoptării|first=Liviu|last=Dadacus|newspaper=[[Mediafax]]|date=6 June 2013|language=ro}}&lt;/ref&gt; Before ''Nihil sine Deo'', ''[[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno|All for One]]'' ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Toți pentru unul'') was used as the motto of Romania for a short period of time, still being a popular patriotic phrase to this day and an unofficial motto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://adevarul.ro/news/eveniment/de-rosu-galben-albastrur-scurta-istorie-tricolorului--partea-i-1_565d770d7d919ed50ec6c42c/index.html|title=De ce roșu, galben și albastru? O scurtă istorie a tricolorului (partea I)|newspaper=[[Adevărul]]|date=1 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Russia}}''': No official motto.<br /> **{{flag|Russian Empire}}: ''[[Gott mit uns|God is with us!]]'' ({{langx|ru|Съ нами Богъ!}})<br /> **{{flag|USSR}}: ''[[Workers of the world, unite!]]'' ({{langx|ru|Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!}})<br /> **Unofficial mottos: ''Advance, Russia!'' ({{langx|ru|Вперёд, Россия}}); ''[[Russia will be free]]'' ({{langx|ru|Россия будет свободной}})<br /> **{{flag|Tatarstan}} Unofficial: ''We can!'' ({{langx|tt-Cyrl|Без Булдырабыз!|translit=Bez Buldırabız!}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-01-20 |title=Без булдырабыз! Публикуем яркие цитаты Минтимера Шаймиева |url=https://116.ru/text/politics/2022/01/20/70388798/ |access-date=2023-03-29 |website=116.ru – новости Казани |language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Rwanda}}''': ''Unity, Work, Patriotism'' ({{langx|rw|Ubumwe, Umurimo, Gukunda Igihugu}})&lt;ref&gt;Article 6 of {{cite web|url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf|title=Constitution de la République du Rwanda|access-date=2006-08-27|language=fr|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070622050947/http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/Rwanda.pdf|archive-date=2007-06-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic}}''': ''Liberty, Democracy, Unity'' ({{langx|ar|حرية، ديمقراطية، وحدة}}, {{langx|es|Libertad, Democracia, Unidad|link=no}})<br /> *'''{{flag|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}''': ''Country Above Self''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/st_kitts_nevis.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – St. Kitts and Nevis|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160400/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/st_kitts_nevis.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Saint Lucia}}''': ''The land, the people, the light''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/saintlucia.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Saint Lucia|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160317/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/saintlucia.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}''': ''Peace and justice'' ({{langx|la|Pax et justitia}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/st_vincent_grenadines.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – St. Vincent and the Grenadines|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060213025800/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/st_vincent_grenadines.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-02-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Samoa}}''': ''God be the Foundation of Samoa'' ({{langx|sm|Fa'avae i le Atua Samoa}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.govt.ws/gi_details.cfm?gi_id=005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928060330/http://www.govt.ws/gi_details.cfm?gi_id=005|archive-date=2007-09-28|title=Government of Samoa – Crest|access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|San Marino}}''': ''Liberty'' ({{langx|la|Libertas}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=San Marino State Symbols, songs, flags and more|url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/sanmarino/smsymbols.htm|access-date=2013-11-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}}''': ''Unity, Discipline, Work'' ({{langx|pt|Unidade, Disciplina, Trabalho}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Coa São Tomé &amp; Príncipe.PNG|coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}''': ''[[Shahada|There is no God other than God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God]]'' ({{langx|ar|لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله}}; ''Lā ʾilāha illā l-Lāh; Muḥammadu r-rasūlu l-Lāh'').&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[flag of Saudi Arabia]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Senegal}}''': ''One people, one goal, one faith'' ({{langx|fr|Un peuple, un but, une foi}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gouv.sn/textes/const_detail.cfm?numero=TITREPREMIER|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060725231741/http://www.gouv.sn/textes/const_detail.cfm?numero=TITREPREMIER|archive-date=2006-07-25|title= La Constitution : Titre Premier |website=Gouvernement du Sénégal |access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Serbia}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''[[Only Unity Saves the Serbs]]'' ({{langx|sr|Само слога Србина спасава / Samo sloga Srbina spasava}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Seychelles}}''': ''The end crowns the work'' ({{langx|la|Finis coronat opus}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.egov.sc/GovernmentAgencies/natcesym/natcesym.ASPX|title= National Ceremony &amp; Symbols |website=Government of Seychelles |access-date=2013-11-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324110913/http://www.egov.sc/GovernmentAgencies/natcesym/natcesym.ASPX |archive-date= Mar 24, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Sierra Leone}}''': ''Unity, freedom, justice''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://statehouse-sl.org/constitution/constitution-ii.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030810162252/http://statehouse-sl.org/constitution/constitution-ii.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=August 10, 2003|title=National Constitution of Sierra Leone|access-date=2006-08-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Singapore}}''': ''Onward Singapore'' ({{langx|ms|[[Majulah Singapura]]}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.chinese-armorial.com/Singapore_1959/Singapore_1959.html|title=Singapore, 1959 – present|access-date=2013-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Slovakia}}''': ''[[Truth prevails]]'' ({{langx|sk|[[Pravda víťazí]]}}). Formerly (1939–1945) ''Faithful to Ourselves, Together Ahead!'' ({{langx|sk|Verní sebe, svorne napred!}}).<br /> *'''{{flag|Solomon Islands}}:''' ''To lead is to serve''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://country-facts.findthedata.org/l/142/Solomon-Islands|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131122171553/http://country-facts.findthedata.org/l/142/Solomon-Islands|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-11-22|title=Solomon Islands Facts|access-date=2013-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Somalia}}''': No official motto. Currently unofficially and formerly officially (1947–2012) ''Arise Somalis!'' ({{Langx|so|Soomaaliyeey Toosoo!}}){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|South Africa}}''': ''Diverse people unite or Unity in Diversity'' ({{Langx|xam|ǃke e꞉ ǀxarra ǁke}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.za/about-sa/national-coat-arms|title=National Coat of Arms|website=South African Government|access-date=2016-08-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|South Sudan}}''': ''Justice, Liberty, Prosperity''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/south-sudan | title=Flags, Symbols &amp; Currency of South Sudan | date=24 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Spain}}''': ''Further beyond'' ({{langx|la|[[Plus ultra|Plus Ultra]]}}).&lt;ref name=Spain&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.la-moncloa.es/IDIOMAS/en-GB/Espana/ElEstado/Simbolos/Elescudo.htm|title=Spain: Symbols – The national coat of arms|access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Sudan}}''': ''Victory is Ours'' ({{langx|ar|النصر لنا}}; ''An-Naṣr Linā'').&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:File:Sudan coa.gif|Coat of arms of Sudan]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Suriname}}''': ''Justice, piety, loyalty'' ({{langx|la|Justitia, pietas, fides}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/suriname.jsp?menu=community|title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Surinam|access-date=2006-08-02|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160249/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/suriname.jsp?menu=community|archive-date=2006-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Sweden}}''': No official national motto. [[Royal mottos of Swedish monarchs|Royal motto]] of [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]]: ''For Sweden – with the Times'' ({{langx|sv|För Sverige – i tiden}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kungar.se/motto/|title=Motto's of the Swedish monarchs|access-date=2013-11-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Switzerland}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''One for all, all for one'' ({{langx|la|[[Unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno]]}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> [[File:Coat of arms of Siam (greater).svg|thumb|The national motto of the [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Kingdom of Siam]], as shown on [[Chulalongkorn]]'s coat of arms]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Taiwan}}''': No official motto. ''[[Three Principles of the People|Nationalism, Democracy, Welfare]]'' ({{lang-zh|民族、民權、民生}}) is the motto of the [[Kuomintang]] and ROC government.<br /> *'''{{flag|Tajikistan}}''': ''Independence, Freedom, Homeland!'' ({{langx|tg|Истиқлол, Озодӣ, Ватан! / Istiqlol, Ozodi, Vatan!}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Tanzania}}''': ''Freedom and Unity'' ({{langx|sw|Uhuru na Umoja}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profile.html |title=Tanzania National website: Country profile |access-date=2006-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721203345/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profile.html |archive-date=2006-07-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Thailand}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''[[Nation, Religion, King]]'' ({{langx|th|ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์}}; {{Transliteration|th|Chat, Satsana, Phra Mahakasat}})&lt;ref&gt;ชนิดา พรหมพยัคฆ์ เผือกสม, '''การเมืองในประวัติศาสตร์ธงชาติไทย.''' กรุงเทพฯ: สำนักพิมพ์มติชน, 2546.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Togo}}''': ''Work, liberty, homeland'' ({{langx|fr|Travail, Liberté, Patrie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.republicoftogo.com/fr/news/news.asp?newsID=6614|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070104075910/http://www.republicoftogo.com/fr/news/news.asp?newsID=6614|archive-date=2007-01-04|title=La constitution togolaise|access-date=2006-08-27|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Tonga}}''': ''God and Tonga are my Inheritance'' ({{langx|to|Ko e {{okina}}Otua mo Tonga ko hoku tofi{{okina}}a}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unisdr.org/archive/33990|title=Tonga's Motto inspires leaders to safeguard a resilient inheritance|date=17 July 2013 |access-date=2013-11-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}''': ''Together we aspire, together we achieve''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |title=Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Secretariat – Trinidad and Tobago |access-date=2006-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526160457/http://www.caricom.org/jsp/community/trinidad_tobago.jsp?menu=community |archive-date=2006-05-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Tunisia}}''': ''[[Freedom, Order, Justice]]'' ({{langx|ar|حرية، نظام، عدالة}}; ''Ḥoṛiya, Niẓam, 'Adāla'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ministeres.tn/html/armorie.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930072642/http://www.ministeres.tn/html/armorie.html|archive-date=2006-09-30|title=Site du gouvernement tunisien – Armoiries|access-date=2006-08-23|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Turkey}}''': No official motto. The motto of the [[Grand National Assembly of Turkey|Parliament of Turkey]]: ''[[Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation]]'' ({{langx|tr|Egemenlik kayıtsız şartsız milletindir}}).&lt;ref name=&quot;tbmm&quot;&gt;[[Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to the Nation]]&lt;/ref&gt; Other mottos: ''[[How happy is the one who says I am a Turk]]'' ({{langx|tr|Ne mutlu Türk'üm diyene}}), ''Either independence or death'' ({{langx|tr|Ya istiklâl ya ölüm}}), [[Peace at Home, Peace in the World]] ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: Yurtta barış, dünyada barış, originally [[Peace at Home, Peace in the World|yurtta sulh, cihanda sulh]]).<br /> *'''{{flag|Turkmenistan}}''': No official motto. Unofficial: ''Turkmenistan is the motherland of Neutrality'' ({{langx|tk|Türkmenistan Bitaraplygyň watanydyr!}}).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> [[File:United States one dollar bill, reverse.jpg|thumb|The national motto of the United States is [[In God We Trust]], as shown on the reverse of the [[United States one-dollar bill]].]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Tuvalu}}''': ''Tuvalu for the Almighty'' ({{langx|tvl|Tuvalu mo te Atua}}).&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:File:Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg|coat of arms of Tuvalu]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Uganda}}''': ''For God and My Country'' ({{langx|sw|kwa mungu na nchi yangu}}, also in English).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/country/index.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080116013600/http://www.deluga.ec.europa.eu/en/country/index.htm|archive-date=2008-01-16|title=Delegation of the European Commission to Uganda|access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Ukraine}}''': No official motto. ''[[Slava Ukraini|Glory to Ukraine! Glory to the heroes!]]'' ({{langx|uk|Слава Україні! Героям слава!|Slava Ukraini! Heroiam slava!}}; the transliteration of these slogans are also used in English) is the military greeting and ''de facto'' motto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.unian.info/politics/10285848-ukraine-s-parliament-approves-new-army-police-greeting.html|title=Ukraine's parliament approves new army, police greeting|website=[[UNIAN]]|date=4 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|United Kingdom}}''': No official motto.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Brown denies 'British motto' plan|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/7007152.stm|website=BBC News|publisher=BBC|access-date=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sovereign's motto: ''[[Dieu et mon droit]]'' (French: God and my right) in England, Wales and Northern Ireland; ''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' in Scotland.<br /> *'''{{flag|United States}}''': ''[[In God We Trust]]'' (official), ''[[E Pluribus Unum]]'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: Out of many, one), (''de facto''). See also [[list of U.S. state and territory mottos]]<br /> *'''{{flag|Uruguay}}''': ''Liberty or Death'' ({{langx|es|Libertad o Muerte|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.discoveruruguay.com/about_uruguay_general_information.htm|title=Discover Uruguay|access-date=2006-10-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061107125927/http://www.discoveruruguay.com/about_uruguay_general_information.htm|archive-date=2006-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Uzbekistan}}''': ''The Strength is in The Justice!'' ({{langx|uz|Kuch adolatdadir!}} / {{Lang|uz-Cyrl|Куч адолатдадир!}}){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *'''{{flag|Vanuatu}}''': ''In God we stand'' ({{langx|bi|Long God yumi stanap}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/6db3e3f0f763b9a3802565db005e953b?Opendocument|title=United Nations Human Rights Website – Core Document Forming Part of the State Parties – Vanuatu|access-date=2006-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Vatican City}}''': No official motto. Personal motto of [[Pope Leo XIV]]: In the one [Christ we are] one ({{langx|la|In illo uno unum}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CNA |title=14 things to know about Pope Leo XIV — the first U.S.-born pope |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/263975/14-things-to-know-about-pope-leo-xiv-the-first-us-born-pope#:~:text=His%20episcopal%20motto%20%E2%80%94%20which%20is%20a%20bishop%E2%80%99s%20personal%20motto%20%E2%80%94%20is%20%E2%80%9CIn%20illo%20uno%20unum,%E2%80%9D%20which%20means%20%E2%80%9CIn%20the%20one%20Christ%20we%20are%20one,%E2%80%9D%20reflecting%20his%20commitment%20to%20unity. |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=Catholic News Agency |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Venezuela}}''': Currently no official motto. Historical: ''God and Federation'' ({{langx|es|[[Dios y Federación]]|link=no}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.worldatlas.com/flags/venezuela | title=Flags, Symbols &amp; Currency of Venezuela | date=24 February 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Vietnam}}''': ''Independence, Liberty, Happiness'' ({{langx|vi|Ðộc lập, Tự do, Hạnh phúc}}).&lt;ref&gt;Thêm nhận thức về 6 chữ ‘Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc’ trong Quốc hiệu Việt Nam. (2020, February 9). In TUOI TRE ONLINE. https://tuoitre.vn/them-nhan-thuc-ve-6-chu-doc-lap-tu-do-hanh-phuc-trong-quoc-hieu-viet-nam-20200901155315637.htm The national motto is commonly seen on government documents after the name of the state.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Yemen}}''': ''God, Homeland, Revolution, Unity'' ({{langx|ar|الڷه، الوطن، الثورة، الوحدة}}; ''Allāh, Al-Waṭan, Ath-Thawrah, Al-Waḥdah'').&lt;ref&gt;Kamran, O. (2021, October 26). From Turkey to Syria: List of national &quot;mottos&quot; of 39 Muslim countries and their meanings. Siasat.Pk News Blog. Retrieved May 10, 2022, from https://blog.siasat.pk/here-is-a-list-of-all-national-mottos-belonging-to-muslim-countries/&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Zambia}}''': ''One Zambia, One Nation''&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Coat of arms of Zambia.svg|coat of arms of Zambia]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''{{flag|Zimbabwe}}''': ''Unity, Freedom, Work''&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg|coat of arms of Zimbabwe]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Semi autonomous dependencies ==<br /> *{{flag|Andalusia}}: ''Andalucía por sí, para España y la Humanidad'' ''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|Andalusia for herself, for Spain and for Humanity}}'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Símbolos de Andalucía - Junta de Andalucía|url=https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/transparencia/informacion-institucional-organizativa/simbolos.html|access-date=2025-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Anguilla}}: ''Unity, Strength and Endurance''{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|American Samoa}}: ''Samoa Muamua le Atua'' ''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|Samoa, God is First}}'' ([[Samoan language|Samoan]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=United States Mint- Samoa Quarter|url=https://www.usmint.gov/mint_programs/DCAndTerritories/?action=dcterritories&amp;local=AS|access-date=2014-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Aruba}}: ''Semper progrediens'' ''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|Always progressing}}'' ([[Latin]])&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;As shown on the [[:File:Coat of arms of Sint Maarten.svg|Coat of arms of Sint Maarten]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Asturias}}: ''Hoc Signo Tuetur Pius, Hoc Signo Vincitur Inimicus&lt;br /&gt;{{small|With this sign thou shalt defend the pious, with this sign thou shalt defeat the enemy}}'' ([[Latin]]) (official) &lt;ref&gt;As shown in the [[:File:Coat of Arms of Asturias.svg|Coat of arms of Asturias]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt; ''Asturias, paraíso natural&lt;br /&gt; {{small|Asturias, natural paradise}}'' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]) (often used for tourism)&lt;ref&gt;As referenced in the [https://www.turismoasturias.es/es/ official tourism website] of Asturias&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt;''Asturies enxamás vencida &lt;br /&gt;{{small|Asturias, never defeated}}'' ([[Asturian language|Asturian]]) (used during the [[Peninsular War]] by the ''Junta General'' and still often used unofficially) {{Citation needed|date=February 2026}}<br /> *{{flag|Azores}}: ''Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos&lt;br /&gt;{{small|Rather die as free men than be enslaved in peace}}'' (Portuguese)&lt;ref name=&quot;portugal&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=A Country Named Portugal – Os Herois Do Mar – Azores and Madeira |url=http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/sites/country/22554.php?Page=4|access-date=2014-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Basque Country}} [[Basque Country (greater region)|Basque Country]]: {{lang|eu|[[Zazpiak Bat]]}} ([[Basque language|Basque]]: The seven are one){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Bermuda}}: ''Quo fata ferunt'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: Whither the fates carry us)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bnl.bm/colmgt/colmgt-faqs/|title=Bermuda National Library Web Portal FAQ|access-date=2012-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|British Antarctic Territory}}: ''Research and Discovery''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.britlink.org/british-antarctic-territory/ | title=British Antarctic Territory – Britlink | date=20 August 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}}: ''In tutela nostra Limuria'' ([[Latin]]: &quot;[[Limuria]] is in our charge&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://biot.gov.io/governance/|title=British Indian Ocean Territory – Governance|access-date=2018-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|British Virgin Islands}}: Unofficial ''Vigilate'' ([[Latin]]: Be watchful)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://symbolhunt.com/british-virgin-islands/ | title=🇻🇬 British Virgin Islands National symbols: National Animal, National Flower | date=28 December 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Brittany}}: ''Kentoc'h mervel eget bezañ saotret'' ([[Breton language|Breton]]: Rather death than dishonour)&lt;ref&gt;Gwenc'hlan Le Scouëzec, Guide de la Bretagne, page 40, Coop Breizh, Spézet, 1987; and Le Journal de la Bretagne des origines à nos jours, page 106, Larousse, Paris, 2001&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Canary Islands}}: ''Océano'' (Spanish: Ocean)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Coat of arms of the Canary Islands – Details and Evolution|url=http://www.oocities.org/athens/atrium/3642/arms.htm|access-date=2014-01-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Catalonia}}: No official motto. Traditional motto / unofficial: ''Som i Serem'' ([[Catalan language|Catalan]]: &quot;We are and We will be&quot;)<br /> *{{flag|Cayman Islands}}: ''He hath founded it upon the seas''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gov.ky/portal/page/portal/cighome/cayman/islands/nationalsymbols/coatofarms|title=Coat of Arms|website=www.gov.ky|access-date=2018-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{Flag|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}: ''Maju Pulu Kita'' ({{Langx|coa|Onward our island}}){{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}<br /> *{{flag|Easter Island}}: Traditional motto / unofficial; ''He hanga te Atu'a he pakea te ma'eha ote mori nei ite he nua ta'atoa'' ([[Rapa Nui language|Rapa Nui]]: &quot;May God let the clarity of this vital light be extended to all peoples&quot;){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Falkland Islands}}: ''[[Desire the Right]]''{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{Flag|French Southern and Antarctic Lands}}: ''[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]'' (French: Liberty, equality, fraternity)<br /> *{{flag|French Polynesia}}: ''Tahiti Nui Māre'are'a'' ([[Tahitian language|Tahitian]]: Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze) {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Galicia}}: ''Hoc hic mysterium fidei firmiter profitemur ([[Latin]]: &quot;Here, we firmly profess this mystery of faith&quot;)''{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Gibraltar}}: ''Montis Insignia Calpi'' ({{langx|la|Badge of the Rock of Gibraltar}}) and ''Nulli Expugnabilis Hosti'' ({{langx|la|Conquerable by no enemy}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/national-symbols|title=Gibraltar – National Symbols|access-date=2013-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *{{flag|Irkutsk Oblast}}: Babr<br /> *{{flag|Isle of Man}}: ''Quocunque Ieceris Stabit'' ([[Latin]]: Whithersoever you throw it, it will stand)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://manxscenes.com/aaa/iom_facts.htm|title=Some basic facts about the Isle of Man|access-date=2013-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{Flag|Kurdistan Region}}: No official motto. Unofficial motto/proverb: ''ھیچ دۆستێک جگە لە چیاکان'' ([[Kurdish language|Kurdish]]: &quot;[[No friends but the mountains]]&quot;). Also used is the title of the regional anthem &quot;[[Ey Reqîb]]&quot; (Kurdish: &quot;O, Enemy&quot;){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Madeira}}: ''Das Ilhas, As Mais Belas E Livres'' (Portuguese: Of the Islands, the Most Beautiful and Free)&lt;ref name=&quot;portugal&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Montserrat}}: ''A people of excellence, moulded by nature, nurtured by God'' {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|New Caledonia}}: ''Terre de parole, terre de partage'' (French: Land of speech, land of sharing)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.indexmundi.com/new_caledonia/ | title=New Caledonia – Country Profile – 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Niue}}: ''Atua, Niue Tukulagi'' ([[Niuean language|Niuean]]: God, Niue Eternally){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Nuevo León}}: ''Semper Ascendens'' ([[Latin]]: Always Ascending).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Puerto Rico}}: ''Joannes est nomen ejus'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: &quot;John is his name&quot;). Taken from the [[Vulgate]] translation of [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 1:63, referring to the fact that the island's former name was &quot;San Juan&quot; (now the [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|capital]]'s name) in honour of Saint [[John the Baptist]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Puerto Rico – Arms and Seal|url=http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pr).html|access-date=2013-11-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{Flag|Réunion}}: ''[[Florebo quocumque ferar]]'' ([[Latin]]: I will flourish wherever I am brought){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{Flag|Saba}}: ''Remis velisque'' ([[Latin]]: With oars and sails){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Saint Helena}}: ''Loyal and unshakeable''{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{Flag|Saint Pierre and Miquelon}}: ''A Mare Labor'' ([[Latin]]: From the Sea, Work)&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Saint Pierre and Miquelon|date=2020-04-28|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&amp;oldid=953638132|work=Wikipedia|access-date=2020-05-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Scotland}}: Sovereign's motto: ''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]] (Often shown abbreviated as IN DEFENS)'' and ''[[Nemo Me Impune Lacessit]]'' ([[Latin]]: No-one provokes me with impunity)<br /> *{{flag|Sicily}}: ''An.Tu.Do. ANimus TUus DOminus'' ([[Latin]]: Courage is your lord).{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Sint Maarten}}: ''Semper progrediens'' ([[Latin]]: ''Always progressing'')&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flag|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands}}: ''Leo terram propriam protegat'' ([[Latin]]: &quot;Let the lion protect his own land&quot;){{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Tokelau}}: ''Tokelau mo te Atua'' ([[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]]: Tokelau For The Almighty)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tokelau.org.nz/About+Us/Government/Tokelau+Flag+and+National+Symbol.html|title=Tokelau Flag and National Symbol|access-date=2013-11-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *{{flag|Tristan da Cunha}}: ''Our faith is our strength''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tristandacunha.org/|title=TristanDaCunha.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{Flag|Wales}}: ''Cymru am byth'' ([[Welsh language|Welsh]]: Wales Forever, alternatively Long live Wales)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/fun-stuff/cymru-am-byth-meaning-behind-8592076|title=The meaning behind the Welsh motto #cymruambyth|first=Victoria|last=Jones|date=February 6, 2015|website=WalesOnline}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{Flag|Wallis and Futuna}}: ''[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité]]'' (French: Liberty, equality, fraternity){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|U.S. Virgin Islands}}: ''United In Pride And Hope''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usmint.gov/news/press-releases/20091103-us-virgin-islands-official-first-day-coin-cover-available|title=U.S. Virgin Islands Official First Day Coin Cover Available November 10|date=2009-11-03|website=U.S. Mint|access-date=2020-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Zanzibar}}: ''Zanzibar kwa Afrika; Zanzibar kwa ajili ya Dunia'' ([[Swahili language|Swahili]]: &quot;Zanzibar for Africa — Zanzibar for the world&quot;)<br /> *{{flag|Åland}}: ''Islands of Peace''{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> ==Historical countries==<br /> *{{flag|Austria-Hungary}}: ''Indivisibiliter ac Inseparabiliter'' ([[Latin]]: &quot;Indivisible and inseparable unity&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;As shown [[:Image:Austria-Hungaria transparency.png|on the coat of arms]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]]: ''Bir kərə yüksələn bayraq bir daha enməz!'' ([[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]: &quot;The flag once raised will never fall!&quot;){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: ''[[In Treue fest]]'' (German: &quot;Steadfast in loyalty&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;Joost Augusteijn, Storm. H. J., ''Region and State in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Nation-Building, Regional Identities and Separatism'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, <br /> [https://books.google.com/books?id=-cVrs_hXWt0C&amp;pg=PA102 p. 102].&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> *{{Flagicon|Biafra}} [[Republic of Biafra]]: ''Peace, Unity, Freedom''{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic}}: ''[[Workers of the world, unite!|Пралетарыі ўсіх краін, яднайцеся!]]'' (''Praletaryi ŭsich krain, jadnajciesja!'') ([[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]: Workers of the world, unite!){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Empire of Brazil}}: ''Independência ou Morte''! (Portuguese: Independence or Death!){{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Byzantine Empire}}: &quot;King of Kings, Ruling Over Kings&quot; (Greek: ''βασιλεὺς βασιλέων, βασιλεύων βασιλευόντων''; ''Basileus Basileōn, Basileuōn Basileuontōn'') under the Palaiologos dynasty.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=D'Amato|first=Raffaele|title=Byzantine Naval Forces 1261–1461 : the Roman Empire's Last Marines.|date=2016|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing Plc|others=Igor Dzis, Peter Dennis|isbn=978-1-4728-0730-4|location=London|page=39|oclc=1021804299}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Gruber|first=Isaiah|title=Orthodox Russia in Crisis : Church and Nation in the Time of Troubles|date=2012|isbn=978-1-60909-049-4|location=DeKalb, Illinois|page=47|oclc=1129583738}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China (Mainland period)}}: No official motto. Unofficial: ''[[Three Principles of the People|Nationalism, Democracy, Welfare]]'' ({{lang-zh|民族、民權、民生}}), the historical motto of the [[Kuomintang]] and the [[Nationalist government]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Confederate States of America}}: ''[[Deo vindice]]'' ([[Latin]]: With [[God]] as our defender/[[wikt:protector|protector]])&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=&lt;!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--&gt; |title=Sigillologia. Being Some Account of the Great or Broad Seal of the Confederate States of America. A Monograph |url=https://archive.org/stream/sigillologiabein00pick#page/4/mode/2up/search/%22Deo+vindice%22 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Kervand &amp; Towers |date=1873 |pages=4–5 |lccn=10019533 |ol=25400537M |via=Powell &amp; Ginck}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Czechoslovakia}} (1918–1993): ''[[Pravda vítězí]]'' ([[Czech language|Czech]]), ''Pravda víťazí'' ([[Slovak language|Slovak]]), ''Veritas vincit'' ([[Latin]]), all meaning &quot;[[Truth prevails]]&quot; {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Republic of the Seven United Netherlands}}: ''[[Unity makes strength|Concordia res parvae crescunt]]'' (Small things flourish by concord; Literally translated as: Together the small will grow){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Ethiopian Empire}} ''ሞዓ አንበሰ ዘአምነባደ ይሁዳ'' (''Moa Ambassa ze Imnegede Yehuda'') ([[Ge'ez language|Ge'ez]]: Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah).&lt;ref name=&quot;ethiopia&quot; /&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Republic of Florence}}: ''Regna cadunt luxu surgunt virtutibus urbes!'' ([[Latin]]: Fall, you kingdoms of luxury, for the cities of virtue shall thrive!){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|French First Republic}}: Various mottos ranging from &quot;Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death.&quot; (French: ''[[Liberté, égalité, fraternité|Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité]] ou la Mort'') to &quot;Unity, indivisibility of the Republic; liberty, equality, brotherhood or death&quot; (French: ''Unité, Indivisibilité de la République; Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ou la mort'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=étrangères|first=Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires|title=Liberty, Equality, Fraternity|url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/france-facts/symbols-of-the-republic/article/liberty-equality-fraternity|access-date=2021-03-27|website=France Diplomacy – Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of France}}: ''[[Montjoie Saint Denis!]]'' (French){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Vichy France}} (1940–1944): ''[[Travail, Famille, Patrie]]'' (French: Work, Family, Homeland)<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of Galicia}}: ''Hoc hic mysterium fidei firmiter profitemur'' (Latin: Here is the mystery of faith that we strongly profess){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|West Germany}} (1949–1990): ''Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit'' (German: Unity and justice and freedom){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|East Germany}} (1949–1990): ''[[Workers of the world, unite!|Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt Euch!]]'' (German: Workers of all countries, unite!)<br /> *{{flag|German Empire}} (1871–1918): ''Gott mit uns'' (German: God with us)&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichswappen (Grosses).svg|Greater coat of arms of the German Empire]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Nazi Germany}} (1933–1945): ''Ein Volk, Ein Reich, Ein Führer'' (German: One People, One Realm, One Leader.)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Definition of EIN VOLK, EIN REICH, EIN FÜHRER |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ein+Volk%2C+ein+Reich%2C+ein+F%C3%BChrer |access-date=2022-05-09 |website=www.merriam-webster.com }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of Greece}} (1832–1924 and 1935–67): ''Ίσχύς μου ή άγάπη του λαού'' (''Iskhis mou i ayapi tou laou'') ({{langx|el| The love of the people is my strength}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.formerkingofgreece.org/en/genealogical-tree/464-king-geoerge-a.html|title=The Greek Royal Family|access-date=2013-11-17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610223747/http://www.formerkingofgreece.org/en/genealogical-tree/464-king-geoerge-a.html|archive-date=2015-06-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Habsburg Monarchy}}: [[A.E.I.O.U.]] &quot;All the world is subject to Austria&quot; (German: ''Alles Erdreich ist Österreich untertan''. Latin: ''Austria est imperare orbis universo'')&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=AEIOU|url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/chapter/aeiou|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Die Welt der Habsburger}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Hawaiian Kingdom}}: ''[[Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono]]'' ([[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]: The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ltgov.hawaii.gov/blog/ua-mau-ke-ea-o-ka-aina-i-ka-pono/|title=Lt. Governor of the State of Hawaiʻi Shan S. Tsutsui – UA MAU KE EA O KA 'ĀINA I KA PONO|access-date=2014-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223223/http://ltgov.hawaii.gov/blog/ua-mau-ke-ea-o-ka-aina-i-ka-pono/|archive-date=2014-07-14|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Iran|1925}} [[Pahlavi dynasty|Imperial State of Iran]]: ''مرا داد فرمود و خود داور است'' (''Marā dād farmūd-o khod dāvar ast'') ([[Persian language|Persian]]: Justice He bids me do, as He will judge me).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fotw.info/flags/ir_imp-i.html |title=Iranian Empire (Pahlavi dynasty): Imperial standards |access-date=2007-05-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070412122220/https://www.fotw.info/flags/ir_imp-i.html |archive-date=2007-04-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Italy|1861}} [[Kingdom of Italy]]: ''[[FERT|Foedere et Religione Tenemur]]'' (FERT) ([[Latin]]: We are held together by pact and by religion)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.torinocuriosa.it/curiosita.php?cdcur=144|title=I secreti del motto sabaudo FERT|access-date=2013-11-19|language=it|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131119110945/http://www.torinocuriosa.it/curiosita.php?cdcur=144|archive-date=2013-11-19|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;'', [[FERT|Fortitudo Eius Rempublicam Tenet]]'' (FERT) ([[Latin]]: 'His bravery [or strength] preserves [or defends] the state')<br /> *{{flag|Ireland|green}} [[Irish Catholic Confederation]]: ''Hiberni unanimes pro Deo Rege et Patria'' (Latin: Irishmen united for God, king and country)<br /> *{{flag|Italian Social Republic}}: ''Per l'onore d'Italia'' (Italian: For the honor of Italy) {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Korean Empire}}: 광명천지 (光明天地, ''Kwangmyeong Cheonji'') &quot;Let there be light across the land&quot;{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|First Mexican Empire}}: ''Independencia, Unión, Religion'' (Spanish: &quot;Independence, Union, Religion&quot;), the [[Plan of Iguala|three guarantees]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/2/24021821.html|title=Memoria Política de México|website=www.memoriapoliticademexico.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Second Mexican Empire}}: ''Equidad en la Justicia'' (Spanish: &quot;Equity in Justice&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.revistalarazonhistorica.com/28-6/|title=28.6|website=Revista La razón histórica}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Netherlands Antilles}}: ''Libertate Unanimus'' ([[Latin]]: United in Freedom)&lt;ref name=&quot;koninklijkhuis.nl&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Newfoundland}}: ''Quaerite Prime Regnum Dei'' ([[Latin]]: Seek ye first the kingdom of God){{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Crown Colony of North Borneo}}: ''Pergo et Perago'' ([[Latin]]: I undertake and I achieve){{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Ottoman Empire}}: ''دولت ابد مدت‎'' (''Devlet-i Ebed-müddet'') ([[Turkish language|Turkish]]: &quot;The Eternal State&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last1=McDonald|first1=Sean|last2=Moore|first2=Simon|date=2015-10-20|title=Communicating Identity in the Ottoman Empire and Some Implications for Contemporary States|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15456870.2015.1090439|journal=Atlantic Journal of Communication|volume=23|issue=5|pages=269–283|doi=10.1080/15456870.2015.1090439|s2cid=146299650 |issn=1545-6870|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Philippines|1985}} [[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)|Fourth Philippine Republic]]: ''[[Isang Bansa, Isang Diwa]]'' ([[Filipino language|Filipino]]: &quot;One Country, One Spirit&quot;). Abolished after the 1986 [[People Power Revolution]].&lt;ref&gt;As defined in {{cite web|url=http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1978/pd_1413_1978.html |title=Presidential Decree No. 1413 of the Philippines|access-date=2013-11-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth}}: ''[[Pro Fide, Lege et Rege|Pro fide, lege, et rege]]'' ([[Latin]]: &quot;For Faith, Law, and King&quot;); ''Si Deus nobiscum quis contra nos?'' ([[Latin]]: If God is with us, then who is against us?){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of Portugal|1830}}: ''[[In hoc signo vinces|In Hoc Signo Vinces]]'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: &quot;By this sign you shall conquer&quot;). In a legend retold in the [[national epic]] ''[[Os Lusiadas]]'' by [[Luís Vaz de Camões]], the first [[King of Portugal]] saw the ''[[Coat of arms of Portugal#Quinas|Quinas]]'' (the five blue [[inescutcheon]]s with silver [[bezant]]s), in a miracle, during the [[Battle of Ourique]]. The usage of this motto is well documented on coins, monuments and documents.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Prussia}}: ''[[Suum cuique]]'' (Latin: &quot;To each his own&quot;) 1525–1947{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Republic of Ragusa}}: ''Sloboda se ne prodaje za sve zlato svijeta'' ([[Croatian language|Croatian]]: Freedom is not sold for all the gold in the world){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Rhodesia}}: ''Sit Nomine Digna'' ([[Latin]]: May she be worthy of the name){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Russian Empire|1914}}: ''[[Gott mit uns|Съ нами Богъ!]]'' (''S nami Bog!'') ([[Russian language|Russian]]: God is with us!) and ''За Вѣру, Царя и Отечество!'' (''Za Veru, Tsarya i Otechestvo!'') ([[Russian language|Russian]]: For Faith, For Tsar, For Fatherland){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Russian State]]: ''Единая и Неделимая Россия!'' (''Yedinaya i Nedelimaya Rossiya!'') ([[Russian language|Russian]]: United and Indivisible Russia!) and ''[[In hoc signo vinces|Симъ побѣдиши!]]'' (''Sim pobedishi!'') ([[Russian language|Russian]]: In this, conquer!){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *[[Roman Empire]] and previously [[Roman Republic]]: ''Senatus Populusque Romanus'' ([[Latin]]: The Senate and people of Rome, often abbreviated [[SPQR]])<br /> *{{flag|Union of South Africa}}: ''[[Ex Unitate Vires]]'' ([[Latin]]: Union is Strength)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.safariafrica.co.za/tourist-information/south-african-coat-of-arms.htm|title=South African Coat of Arms (history)|access-date=2013-11-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Upper Volta}}: ''Unité, Travail, Justice'' (French: Unity, Work, Justice) {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Raj of Sarawak}}: ''Dum Spiro, Spero'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: &quot;While I breathe, I hope&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Sarawak Royal Emblem.png|coat of arms of Sarawak]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Kingdom of Scotland}}: ''[[In my defens God me defend]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82cNAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA514 |title=The Progress and Public Processions of Queen Elizabeth, by John Nichols |access-date=30 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430112905/https://books.google.com/books?id=82cNAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA514 |archive-date=30 April 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Nichols |first1=John |year=1823 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XlE0AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PT218 |title=The Fourth part of the Institutes of Laws of England: Concerning the Jurisdiction of Courts, by Edward Coke |access-date=30 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617095916/https://books.google.com/books?id=XlE0AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=RA2-PT218 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |url-status=live |last1=Coke |first1=Sir Edward |year=1671 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Shanghai International Settlement}}: ''Omnia Juncta in Uno'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: &quot;All Joined into One&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;As shown on the [[:Image:Seal of the Shanghai International Settlement.svg|Seal of the Shanghai International Settlement]].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Rattanakosin Kingdom|Siam]] (1873–1910) : ''สพฺเพสํ สงฺฆภูตานํ สามคฺคี วุฑฺฒิ สาธิกา'' ([[Pāli]]: शब्बेसम् सम्घभुतनम् समग्घि भुद्धि सधिक, ''Sabbesaṃ saṃghabhūtānaṃ samagghī vuḍḍhi sadhikā'', &quot;Unity amongst those uniting brings about success and prosperity&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;Present in [[:file:Coat of arms of Siam (greater).svg|Chulalongkorns coat of arms]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Soviet Union}}: [[Workers of the world, unite!|Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!]] (''Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes'!'') ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Proletarians of all nations, unite!) (Also translated into the languages of the other fourteen republics)<br /> *{{flag|South Yemen}}: ''لنناضل من أجل الدفاع عن الثورة اليمنية، وتنفيذ الخطة الخمسية، وتحقيق الوحدة اليمنية'' ([[Arabic]]: For the struggle to defend the Yemeni revolution, implement the five-year plan, and achieve the Yemeni unification)<br /> *{{flag|Francoist Spain}}: ''Una, Grande y Libre'' (Spanish: One, Great and Free) and ''Plus Ultra'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: Further Beyond){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Republic of Texas}}: ''[[Remember the Alamo]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Staff&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Flags and Other Symbols {{!}} TX Almanac |url=https://www.texasalmanac.com/articles/flags-and-other-symbols |website=www.texasalmanac.com |access-date=26 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122002636/https://www.texasalmanac.com/articles/flags-and-other-symbols |archive-date=22 January 2022 |date=2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Greenfield2001&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Greenfield |first1=David |title=Texas Tidbits |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/texas-tidbits-64/ |access-date=26 September 2023 |work=Texas Monthly |date=1 March 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003222809/http://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/texas-tidbits-64/ |archive-date=3 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|Republic of Venice}}: ''Pax tibi Marce, evangelista meus'' ([[Latin language|Latin]]: &quot;Peace be to you [[Mark the Evangelist|Mark]], my evangelist&quot;){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|North Vietnam}}: ''Ðộc lập, Tự do, Hạnh phúc'' ([[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]: Independence, Liberty, Happiness)<br /> {{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flag|Wallachia}}: ''Dreptate, Frăție'' ([[Romanian language|Romanian]]: &quot;Justice, Brotherhood&quot;).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ro.wikisource.org/wiki/Decretul_No._1_al_Guvernului_provisoriu_al_%C8%9A%C4%83rii-Rom%C3%A2nesci|title=Decretul No. 1 al Guvernului provisoriu al Țării-Românesci – Wikisource|website=ro.wikisource.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flag|West Indies Federation}}: ''To dwell together in unity''{{Citation needed|date=January 2013}}<br /> *{{flagicon|Württemberg}} [[Kingdom of Württemberg]]: ''Furchtlos und treu'' (German: Fearless and faithful){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Yugoslavia}}: &quot;[[Brotherhood and unity]]&quot;. ([[Serbo-Croatian language|Serbo-Croatian]]: ''Братство и јединство / Bratstvo i jedinstvo'', [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]]: ''Братство и единство'', [[Slovene language|Slovene]]: ''Bratstvo in enotnost'', [[Albanian language|Albanian]]: ''Vllaznim-Bashkim'', later ''Vëllazërim-Bashkim'', [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Testvériség és egység'', [[Romanian language|Romanian]]: ''Frăție și unitate'', [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: ''Братерство і єдність''){{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> *{{flag|Zaire}}: ''Paix — Justice — Travail'' (French: Peace — Justice — Work)&lt;ref&gt;''Constitution de la République du Zaïre'', article 5: &quot;Sa devise est : Paix — Justice — Travail&quot;. Source: ''Journal Officiel de la République du Zaïre'' (N. 1 du 1er janvier 1983)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{National symbols}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:National Mottos}}<br /> [[Category:Lists of mottos]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of national symbols|Mottos]]<br /> [[Category:National mottos| ]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Muneem&diff=518116 2026-03-24T20:29:50Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new new stub</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian singer and poet}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Mohammad Muneem<br /> | image = <br /> | caption =<br /> | birth_name = Mohammad Muneem Nazir<br /> | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1983}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Srinagar]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]<br /> | alma_mater =<br /> | occupation = {{flat list|<br /> * Singer<br /> * songwriter<br /> * composer<br /> * poet<br /> }}<br /> | years_active = 2008–present<br /> | module = {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | embed = yes<br /> | instruments = {{flat list|<br /> * Vocals<br /> * guitar<br /> }}<br /> | genre = {{flat list|<br /> * [[Sufi music|Sufi]]<br /> * [[Folk music|folk]]<br /> * [[Contemporary classical music|contemporary]]<br /> * [[Pop music|pop]]<br /> }}<br /> | label =<br /> | associated_acts = ''Alif''<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> '''Mohammad Muneem Nazir''' (born 1983) is an Indian singer, songwriter and poet who sings and writes in the [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Urdu]] and [[Hindi]] languages. Hailing from [[Srinagar]] in the [[Kashmir Valley]], Muneem founded '''''Alif''''', in 2008. He is known for making music that combines [[Music of Kashmir|Kashmiri traditional]] and folk styles with western and contemporary genres.<br /> <br /> ==Early life and education==<br /> Mohammad Muneem was born in 1983 in [[Srinagar]] in the erstwhile state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in India. Muneem attended the all-boys [[Tyndale Biscoe School]] in Srinagar.&lt;ref name=IndiaTimes&gt;{{cite web| last=Mukherjee |first=Susmita |title=Mohammad Muneem, The Voice Behind The Band Alif, Bares All About Life In The Kashmir Valley |url=https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/mohammad-muneem-the-voice-behind-ethno-punk-rock-band-alif-bares-all-about-life-in-the-kashmir-valley-258365.html |work=[[Indiatimes]] |date=14 July 2016 |access-date=14 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; At age nine, he was sent to a [[boarding school]] in [[Dehradun, Uttarakhand]], where he felt abandoned.&lt;ref name=HT&gt;{{cite web |last=Doshi |first=Riddhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/kashmiri-band-alif-rocks-sacred-amritsar-music-and-poetry-festival-with-rap-rock-and-folk-music-101680278669212-amp.html |title=Kashmir rocks: Alif and the chorus from the valley |date=1 April 2023 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; He moved back to Srinagar after two and a half years. He performed for the first time at the age of 15 in 1998, at the Sher-e-Kashmir International Convention Centre in Srinagar for a [[NIIT]] event.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Khatoon |first=Sobia |url=https://kashmirreader.com/2021/07/15/a-conversation-with-mohammad-muneem-alif/ |title=A conversation with Mohammad Muneem 'Alif' |date=15 July 2021 |work=[[Kashmir Reader]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muneem grew up in Srinagar amidst the violence of the 1990s and early 2000s [[Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir|insurgency]] in the region, which has had an influence on his artistry.&lt;ref name=TOI&gt;{{cite web |last=Borthakur |first=Debarun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/hyderabad/the-unrest-in-the-kashmir-valley-reflects-in-our-poetry-and-music-mohammad-muneem/articleshow/67440279.cms |title=Our music documents the sound of the Kashmir valley with a contemporary twist: Mohammad Muneem |work=[[Times of India]] |date=9 January 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Scroll.in&gt;{{cite web |last=Naqash |first=Rayan |url=https://scroll.in/magazine/832060/the-golden-voice-of-kashmirs-indie-musicians-echoes-with-politics-and-folklore |title=The golden voice of Kashmir's indie musicians echoes with politics and folklore |date=19 March 2017 |work=[[Scroll.in]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2000, he began learning how to play the guitar, on his own.&lt;ref name=KL&gt;{{cite web |title=Reso-Nation |url=https://kashmirlife.net/reso-nation-issue24-vol-09-150709/ |work=Kashmir Life |date=14 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; He moved to [[Pune]] in 2001 for higher studies, graduated with a degree in engineering and went on to pursue a master's degree in business administration. He states that he suffered a [[hate crime]] in 2003, in which he was badly injured.&lt;ref name=TOI/&gt;&lt;ref name=Scroll.in/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Musical career==<br /> Muneem started a [[YouTube channel]] and made an account on [[Reverbnation]] in 2007, where he uploaded [[cover versions]] of old Kashmiri songs.&lt;ref name=FPK&gt;{{cite web |last=Faysal |first=Muhammad |url=https://freepresskashmir.news/2021/05/30/evolution-of-alif-siyah-pushes-the-boundaries-of-original-music/ |title=Evolution of Alif: 'Siyah' pushes the boundaries of original music |work=[[Free Press Kashmir]] |date=30 May 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; He co-founded a [[rock band]] called ''Highway 61''—a reference to the [[Highway 61 Revisited| Bob Dylan album]]— with Hardik Vaghela and other college friends of his in Pune in 2008, after quitting his job at a [[Multinational Corporation|MNC]].&lt;ref name=HT/&gt;&lt;ref name=FPK/&gt;&lt;ref name=Scroll.in/&gt; This band was later signed by a production house and renamed ''Alif'',&lt;ref name=FPK/&gt; after the first letter of the Urdu alphabet, symbolising 'that which is unseen, strongly united' and 'the oneness of everything'.&lt;ref name=TheHindu&gt;{{cite web |last=Murthy |first=Neeraja |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/mohammad-muneem-of-alif-on-their-unique-music/article25908501.ece |title=Songs from the valley: Mohammad Muneem of Alif on their unique music |date=4 January 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other members of the band include Amit Gadgil, Aman Moroney and Karan Chitra Deshmukh.&lt;ref name=TheHindu/&gt;<br /> <br /> The band performed on an episode of Indian TV show ''[[Coke Studio @ MTV]]'' in 2013 with their rendition of ''Sahibo Sath Chum Mei Chenei'', a Kashmiri prayer by poet [[Mehjoor]]. In 2014, they recorded a rendition of folk song ''Cheerith'' for [[Kappa TV]].&lt;ref name=KL/&gt; The band released an album called ''Sufayed'' in 2017, the success of which brought them mainstream popularity.&lt;ref name=TheWeek&gt;{{cite web |last=Hari |first=Vaisakh E |url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2019/01/20/from-kashmir-with-love.html |title=From Kashmir, with love |date=20 January 2019 |work=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In December 2018, the band released a single called ''Ride Home'' featuring Kashmiri folk artist [[Noor Mohammad Shah|Noor Mohammad]].&lt;ref name=IndianExpress&gt;{{cite web |last=Gupta |first=Surbhi |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/mohammad-muneem-nazir-koshur-songs-kashmir-language-koshur-6172272/ |title=A music band Alif is documenting life and culture in Kashmir |date=18 December 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TheGuardian&gt;{{cite web |last1=Qadri |first1=Azhar |last2=Ellis-Petersen |first2=Hannah |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/02/kashmir-folk-singer-rise-dusty-street-music-star-noor-mohammad-shah |title='It feels good': Kashmir folk singer's rise from dusty street to music star |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2 July 2021 |access-date=14 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was a recreation of an older version of popular ballad ''Wafadar Mouji''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Gura |first=Khalid Bashir |url=https://kashmirlife.net/melody-in-music-issue-45-vol-12-259524/ |title=Melody in Music |work=[[Kashmir Life]] |date=7 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Muneem has stated that he wished to document old-school artists and preserve their artistry. Such traditional artists declined due to imposition of conservative social codes during the militancy.&lt;ref name=TheGuardian/&gt; A song of his was also used in the 2018 Hindi-language Indian film ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]'' by director [[Imtiaz Ali (director)|Imtiaz Ali]]. Muneem states that Ali used the song ''Katyu Chuko'' without letting them know, but credited the band for it.&lt;ref name=TOI/&gt; In 2019, Muneem was roped in to write dialogue for the film ''[[Torbaaz]]'', which also featured a song from his band.&lt;ref name=TOI/&gt; The band released their second album, called ''Siyah'', in 2021.&lt;ref name=FPK/&gt; They also provided the background score for a 2022 film directed by [[Shlok Sharma]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |title=Mohammad Muneem Lays Out Alif's Ongoing Project 'Siyah' |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/alif-mohammad-muneem-siyah-azizo/ |date=18 February 2021 |work=[[Rolling Stone India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===2023: &quot;Kya Karie Korimol&quot;===<br /> In May 2023, the band collaborated a second time with Noor Mohammad for the song ''Kya Karie Korimol'' for an episode of ''[[Coke Studio Bharat]]'', which also featured Aashima Mahajan, a singer from [[Jammu]], on the lead female vocals.&lt;ref name=TheQuint&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thequint.com/podcast/coke-studio-bharat-india-kya-karie-korimol-review-alif-kashmiri-music |last=Lidhoo |first=Prateek |title=Kya Karie Korimol: Alif Celebrates &amp; Critiques a Kashmiri Wedding |work=[[The Quint]] |date=26 May 2023 |access-date=14 June 2023 |archive-date=14 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614084923/https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/podcast/coke-studio-bharat-india-kya-karie-korimol-review-alif-kashmiri-music |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=ThePrint&gt;{{cite web |url=https://theprint.in/feature/10-million-youtube-views-in-13-days-wedding-song-kya-karie-korimol-puts-spotlight-on-kashmiri-music/1617973/?amp |title=10 million YouTube views in 13 days: Wedding song 'Kya Karie Korimol' puts spotlight on Kashmiri music |date=8 June 2023 |work=[[The Print]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The song is a remake of an original 2018 single by the band.&lt;ref name=TheQuint/&gt; The song also featured ''wanvun'', a type of traditional Kashmiri wedding chorus singing, sung by a group of women.&lt;ref name=TheQuint/&gt; The song garnered 10 million views on [[YouTube]] within 13 days of its release.&lt;ref name=ThePrint/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Poetry==<br /> Muneem writes poetry in Urdu and Kashmiri. He teaches Urdu poetry at the [[Symbiosis International University]] in Pune.&lt;ref name=Outlook&gt;{{cite web |last=Badoni |first=Martand |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/listening-to-the-bard-of-alif/321163 |title=Listening to the Bard of Alif |date=5 December 2018 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Artistry==<br /> Muneem and his band ''Alif'' make music that combines traditional Kashmiri and [[Sufi music|sufi]] elements with contemporary western and [[rock music|rock]] styles. Muneem draws from his experiences growing up in Kashmir during the insurgency. He states that he seeks to project his homeland in a better light and build compassion through his music.&lt;ref name=RSJ&gt;{{cite web |last=Tripathi |first=Sumedha |url=https://www.rsjonline.com/features/fusion-of-contemporary-poetry-and-ethnic-sound---alif.html |title=Fusion of contemporary poetry and ethnic sound - ALIF |work=[[Rock Street Journal]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The band's music also often tackles societal issues. Their song ''Jehlumas'', for example, is supposed to be an homage to 'the resilience' of Kashmir's women during and after the [[2014 Kashmir floods|2014 floods]] there,&lt;ref name=HT/&gt; while another song, ''Malaal kya hua'', revolves around [[clinical depression]].&lt;ref name=RSJ/&gt; Similarly, ''Kya Karie Korimol'' is supposed to be both a celebration and critique of weddings in Kashmir.&lt;ref name=TheQuint/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> Muneem is [[Kashmiri people|Kashmiri]]. He divides his time between [[Mumbai]], where he makes his music, Pune, where he teaches and Srinagar, where his family lives.&lt;ref name=Outlook/&gt; His course “Sarir-e-Khamma” is the first of its kind in India - bringing equitable access to poetry and technical creative writing to people across all strata.<br /> <br /> ==Filmography==<br /> ===Film===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Title<br /> ! Song<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2018<br /> | ''[[Laila Majnu (2018 film)|Laila Majnu]]''<br /> | &quot;Katyu Chuko&quot;<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Television===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Show<br /> ! Song<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2023<br /> | ''[[Coke Studio Bharat]]''<br /> | &quot;Kya Karie Korimol&quot;<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name|nm10068494|Mohammad Muneem}}<br /> <br /> {{Portal bar|biography|music|poetry}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Muneem, Mohammad}}<br /> [[Category:1983 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Srinagar]]<br /> [[Category:Kashmiri people]]<br /> [[Category:Indian poets]]<br /> [[Category:Indian musicians]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language singers]]<br /> [[Category:Urdu-language singers]]<br /> [[Category:Singers from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Sufi music]]<br /> [[Category:Performers of Sufi music]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2026_Union_budget_of_India&diff=476674 2026-03-23T12:36:34Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Infobox government budget<br /> | title = [[Union Budget of India]]<br /> | year = 2026<br /> | bill = Annual Financial Statement of the Central Government for 2026–27; Finance Bill, 2026<br /> | bill_link = https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/doc/budget_speech.pdf<br /> | image = Emblem_of_India.svg<br /> | imagesize = 100px<br /> | caption = Emblem of India<br /> | date_submitted = 1 February 2026<br /> | submitter = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]<br /> | submitted_to = [[Parliament of India]]<br /> | presented = 1 February 2026<br /> | passed = Pending<br /> | parliament = [[18th Lok Sabha]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | government = [[Third Modi ministry]]<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> | minister = [[Nirmala Sitharaman]]<br /> | total_revenue = {{Increase}} ₹36.5 lakh crore (non-debt receipts)<br /> | total_expenditures = {{Increase}} ₹53.5 lakh crore<br /> | spending = Capital expenditure ₹12.2 lakh crore<br /> | deficit = {{decreasepositive}} 4.3% of GDP<br /> | debt = {{decreasepositive}} 55.6% of GDP<br /> | legislation = Finance Bill, 2026<br /> | url = https://www.indiabudget.gov.in<br /> | previous_budget = 2025 Union budget of India<br /> | previous_year = 2025<br /> | next_budget = 2027 Union budget of India<br /> | next_year = 2027<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''Union Budget of India for 2026–27''' was presented on 1 February 2026 in the [[Lok Sabha]] by Finance Minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] on behalf of the [[Third Modi ministry]]. The budget outlined the Government of India's fiscal policy, taxation proposals, and expenditure priorities for the financial year 2026–27.<br /> <br /> According to the Press Information Bureau (PIB), India's real GDP growth for 2025–26 was estimated at 7.4%, with nominal growth projected at 10% for 2026–27. Effective capital expenditure was budgeted at {{INRConvert|17.15|lc|year=2026|to=USD}} (4.4% of GDP), while the fiscal deficit target was reduced to 4.3% of GDP and central government debt was projected to decline to 55.6% of GDP.&lt;ref name=&quot;PIB2026&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Key Highlights of the Union Budget and Economic Outlook 2026–27 |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221389&amp;lang=1&amp;reg=3 |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The budget emphasised infrastructure investment, domestic demand growth, and tax relief measures, including a full income-tax rebate for individuals earning up to ₹12.75 lakh annually. It also highlighted improvements in external trade performance and continued fiscal consolidation.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hindu2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=1 February 2026 |title=Union Budget 2026: Capital spending push and fiscal deficit trimmed to 4.3% |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/ |newspaper=The Hindu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IE2026&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=1 February 2026 |title=Budget 2026 highlights: tax rebate expansion, higher infrastructure outlay |url=https://indianexpress.com/section/business/budget/ |newspaper=The Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Highlights==<br /> === Infrastructure &amp; Capital Expenditure ===<br /> * Capital expenditure for FY 2026–27 was increased to ₹12.2 lakh crore to support infrastructure-led growth. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India raises infrastructure spending by 11.4% to record 12.2 trillion rupees for 2026-27 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-budget-india-raises-infrastructure-spending-record-122-trillion-rupees-2026-02-01/ |publisher=Reuters |access-date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Seven high-speed rail corridors connecting major cities were announced in the budget. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Union Budget 2026 Highlights: From Semiconductor Mission 2.0 to High-Speed Rail Corridors |url=https://sundayguardianlive.com/india/union-budget-2026-highlights-from-semiconductor-mission-20-to-high-speed-rail-corridors-10-big-announcements-by-fm-sitharaman-167752/ |publisher=Sunday Guardian Live |access-date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Twenty new national waterways are proposed to be made operational over the next five years. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Manufacturing &amp; Strategic Sectors ===<br /> * The government announced the launch of India Semiconductor Mission 2.0 to strengthen domestic semiconductor manufacturing and supply chains. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Budget 2026: FM announces India Semiconductor Mission 2.0, hikes electronics outlay |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/budget-2026-fm-sitharaman-announces-india-semiconductor-mission-2-0/articleshow/127835004.cms |publisher=The Economic Times |access-date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The budget emphasised manufacturing-led growth with a focus on semiconductors, biopharma and critical minerals. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India budget makes fresh bet on manufacturing as it seeks to sustain growth |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/view-india-budget-focus-accelerating-sustaining-strong-economic-growth-2026-02-01/ |publisher=Reuters |access-date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Rare earth corridors were announced in mineral-rich states to support strategic and advanced manufacturing. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Union Budget 2026: Key announcements and sectoral focus |url=https://www.business-standard.com/budget/news/union-budget-2026-nirmala-sitharaman-major-schemes-all-announcements-126020100681_1.html |publisher=Business Standard |access-date=1 February 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === MSMEs &amp; Entrepreneurship ===<br /> * A ₹10,000 crore SME Growth Fund was announced to improve access to capital for micro, small and medium enterprises. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> === Taxation &amp; Compliance Measures ===<br /> * Tax Collected at Source on overseas tour packages and on education and medical remittances under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme was reduced to 2 percent. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> * Measures were announced to simplify income-tax compliance, including extended timelines for filing revised returns. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Union budget of India}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Union budgets of India]]<br /> [[Category:2026 in Indian economy]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farzi&diff=468629 2026-03-21T12:26:38Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2023 Indian Hindi-language television series}}<br /> {{distinguish|Farsi}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox television<br /> | image = Farzi.jpeg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | genre = [[Black comedy]]&lt;br&gt;[[Crime thriller]]<br /> | creator = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | director = Raj &amp; DK<br /> | writer = {{Plainlist|<br /> *[[Sita Menon]]<br /> *Suman Kumar<br /> *Raj &amp; DK<br /> }}<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Vijay Sethupathi]]<br /> * [[Shahid Kapoor]]<br /> * [[Kay Kay Menon]]<br /> * [[Raashii Khanna]]<br /> * [[Bhuvan Arora]]<br /> }}<br /> | music = Ketan Sodha&lt;br/&gt;[[Sachin–Jigar]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | num_seasons = 1&lt;!-- Do not add a value until episodes have been released --&gt;<br /> | num_episodes = 8&lt;!-- Do not add a value until episodes have been released --&gt;<br /> | producer = Raj &amp; DK<br /> | cinematography = [[Pankaj Kumar (cinematographer)|Pankaj Kumar]]<br /> | editor = Sumeet Kotian<br /> | runtime = 42–66 minutes<br /> | network = [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> | company = d2r Films<br /> | first_aired = {{Start date|2023|02|10|}}<br /> | last_aired = present<br /> | related = ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Farzi''''' ({{Translation|Fake}})&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt; is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[black comedy]] [[crime thriller]] television series created, produced and directed by [[Raj &amp; DK]], who also co-wrote the series with [[Sita Menon]] and Suman Kumar. It stars [[Vijay Sethupathi]], [[Shahid Kapoor]], [[Kay Kay Menon]], [[Raashii Khanna]] and [[Bhuvan Arora]], and tells the story of a disillusioned artist who decides to make [[counterfeit money]].<br /> <br /> Initially conceived as a film in 2014, ''Farzi'' was expanded into a television series by 2019. Principal photography began in Mumbai in July 2021. Filming also took place in [[Alibaug]], [[Goa]], [[Nepal]], and [[Jordan]]. [[Sachin–Jigar]] and [[Tanishk Bagchi]] composed the songs, while Ketan Sodha provided the score. The series shares continuity with Raj &amp; DK's spy series ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''.<br /> <br /> The eight-episode series was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 10 February 2023. ''Farzi'' received positive reviews, and emerged as the most-watched Indian streaming series. By the end of February 2023, Kapoor confirmed that the show would return for a second season. At the [[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards]], ''Farzi'' received 10 nominations.<br /> <br /> == Premise ==<br /> Sunny is an artist disillusioned by the [[income inequality in India]] after failing to keep his grandfather's extensive printing press in business. He decides to team up with his best friend Firoz to make [[counterfeit money]]. They face challenges from Mansoor, a gangster, and Michael, a cop.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ramachandran|first=Naman|title=Shahid Kapoor, Raj &amp; DK Talk Prime Video Counterfeiting Thriller 'Farzi'|url=https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/shahid-kapoor-farzi-amazon-prime-video-counterfeiting-1235512744/|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=4 February 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205012503/https://variety.com/2023/global/asia/shahid-kapoor-farzi-amazon-prime-video-counterfeiting-1235512744/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Malhotra|first=Rahul|title='Farzi' Trailer Reveals Shahid Kapoor's Darkly Comic Series|url=https://collider.com/farzi-series-trailer-shahid-kapoor/|work=Collider|date=13 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205085427/https://collider.com/farzi-series-trailer-shahid-kapoor/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; According to co-creator Raj Nidimoru, the title refers to counterfeiting, as well as the &quot;fakeness&quot; inherent in people.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Cast and characters ==<br /> === Main ===<br /> {{Cast listing|*[[Shahid Kapoor]] as Sunny, a disillusioned artist who moonlights as money counterfeiter (Tamil Version Voice dubbed by [[Jiiva]])<br /> *[[Vijay Sethupathi]] as Michael Vedanayagam, a [[Special Task Force (India)|Special Task Force]] officer and head of the Counterfeiting &amp; Currency Fraud Analysis &amp; Research Team (CCFART)<br /> *[[Kay Kay Menon]] as Mansoor Dalal, a criminal mastermind who heads the counterfeit network in India, based out of [[Jordan]]<br /> *[[Raashii Khanna]] as Megha Vyas, an officer for the [[Reserve Bank of India]], who later joins CCFART<br /> *[[Bhuvan Arora]] as Firoz, Sunny's best friend and partner<br /> *[[Chittaranjan Giri]] as Yasir, an employee at Kranti Patrika<br /> *[[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]] as [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] Pawan Gahlot<br /> *Jaswant Singh Dalal as Shekhar Ahlawat, a member of CCFART<br /> *[[Amol Palekar]] as Madhav, Sunny's grandfather and owner of Kranti Patrika<br /> *[[Kubbra Sait]] as Saira, Mansoor's superior<br /> *[[Regina Cassandra]] as Rekha Rao, Michael's ex-wife<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Recurring ===<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Kavya Thapar]] as Ananya, Sunny's ex-girlfriend<br /> *[[Chittaranjan Tripathy]] as Michael's divorce lawyer<br /> *[[Lokesh Mittal]] as Lakdawala<br /> *Vijay Kumar as Jitu Kaka, Mansoor's uncle and manager<br /> *Saqib Ayub as Anees, Sunny and Firoz's friend and a small-time goon<br /> *Karan Maan as Commander Murtaza<br /> *Nilesh Divekar as Bilal, Mansoor's henchman<br /> *[[Priyadarshini Indalkar]] as the receptionist at MKG Publishing<br /> *Akkshay Gunaawat as Suparn<br /> *Saurav Chakraborti as Jamal, Mansoor's henchman<br /> *[[Mrinmayee Godbole]] as Rekha's divorce lawyer<br /> *Armaan Bhanushali as young Sunny<br /> *Kabir Khan as young Firoz<br /> *[[Vivek Madan|Vivek Madaan]] as Arjun Nayar<br /> *Govind Pandey as MLA Kesaribhai Doshi<br /> *Divyam Shukla as Vyom, Rekha and Michael's son<br /> *Ashutosh Priyadarshi as Titu Khislu, a Bangladeshi smuggler<br /> *Anna Ador as Svetalana<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Cameo appearance ===<br /> The following actors make cameos, reprising their roles from ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]'':&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Farzi: How clever cameos bring Shahid Kapoor-Vijay Sethupathi show and Manoj Bajpayee's The Family Man in same universe|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-farzi-here-s-how-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-show-and-manoj-bajpayee-s-the-family-man-are-in-same-universe-3022869|work=DNA India|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210162159/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-farzi-here-s-how-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-show-and-manoj-bajpayee-s-the-family-man-are-in-same-universe-3022869|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Yashwant Giri {{!}} Second Unit Director or Assistant Director, Actor, Director |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2241515/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pankaj Bhatia {{!}} Actor |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6923840/ |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> *[[Uday Mahesh]] as Chellam<br /> *Ajay Jadhav as Sub-Inspector Shinde<br /> *[[Vijay Vikram Singh]] as Ajit<br /> *Aritro Rudraneil Banerjee as Punit Banerjee<br /> *[[Manoj Bajpayee]] as [[Srikant Tiwari (The Family Man)|Srikant Tiwari]] (voice only)<br /> *Vinay Kumar Yadav as Vada Pav Seller<br /> *Yashwant Giri as Panelist<br /> *Pankaj Bhatia as Reporter}}<br /> <br /> ==Episodes==<br /> {{Episode table |background=#000000 |overall= |title= |director= |directorR= |writer= |airdate= |airdateR= |episodes=<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 1<br /> | Title = Artist<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Sunny is a poor artist, who assists his grandfather Madhav in running an idealistic printing press, alongside his best friend Firoz. Trouble arises when their business is at the risk of bankruptcy. Disillusioned, Sunny and Firoz decide to print counterfeit [[Indian 500-rupee note|500-rupee notes]]. Initially unsuccessful, their second attempt pays off. Meanwhile, a determined officer, Michael, captures his nemesis, counterfeiting kingpin Mansoor Dalal, in Nepal. However Mansoor escapes. Later, Mansoor kidnaps Sunny and Firoz.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> {{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 2<br /> | Title = Social Service<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = In a flashback, a young Sunny is abandoned by his father. He meets another abandoned boy, Firoz at a train station and strikes up a friendship. Sunny's maternal grandfather Madhav adopts both him and Firoz. In the present day, Sunny and Firoz are able to pay off their grandfather's debts. Meanwhile, Megha, an idealistic officer for the [[Reserve Bank of India]] (RBI), chances upon Sunny's fake note, but is not taken seriously by her superior. Michael blackmails Minister Pawan Gahlot to set up a task force investigating counterfeit money.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 3<br /> | Title = CCFART<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Michael sets up the Counterfeiting and Currency Fraud Analysis and Research Team (CCFART), the task force he wanted through Gahlot's help. He shares a troubled relationship with his ex-wife, Rekha, and son. Megha, dissatisfied with her job at the RBI, joins Michael's team. She soon gets in trouble when she defies Michael to investigate the &quot;artist&quot; whose fake note she had found, and almost busts their operation. Meanwhile, Sunny and Firoz get hired to print fake money for a politician and end up delivering a {{INR|20}} crore shipment to [[Surat]] themselves.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 4<br /> | Title = Dhanrakshak<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Rekha sends Michael divorce papers. Megha's fake note scanner, Dhanrakshak, is launched by Gahlot, who believes the media attention will help him win the election. Meanwhile, Madhav suffers from dementia. Mansoor is rattled by the arrests due to Dhanrakshak. Impressed by Sunny's artistry (Dhanrakshak cannot detect his notes), Mansoor kidnaps him and Firoz and makes Sunny an offer to work for his crime organization.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 5<br /> | Title = Second Oldest Profession<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Sunny agrees to start working for Mansoor and produces a fake [[Indian 2000-rupee note|2000-rupee note]] at his lab in Jordan. Mansoor arranges a neuro specialist and pays for Madhav's surgery. In Bangladesh, Mansoor's henchman Bilal is caught by Michael and the team. Michael threatens Bilal and turns him into an informant. Back in Mumbai, Sunny is asked by Mansoor to infiltrate CCFART. He stages a meeting with Megha and manages to hack into her phone.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 6<br /> | Title = Cat and Mouse<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Sunny spies on CCFART's plans through Megha's phone. Michael gets information from Bilal, and another mole in Mansoor's organization. Following a cat-and-mouse game between the two organizations, Mansoor suggests a &quot;[[Trojan Horse]]&quot; plan to smuggle {{INR|12,000}} crores in counterfeit notes into India. With help from a Russian boat crew, Sunny manages to trick Michael, successfully smuggling the cash.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 7<br /> | Title = Supernote<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Sunny and Firoz enjoy their wealth and move into plush flats. Sunny finds himself falling for Megha and removes the tracker from her phone. Megha discovers that the &quot;artist&quot; is leaving his signature ('S') in the fake notes. Mansoor is desperate to get the fake cash into the market and urges Sunny to act quickly. Michael devises a plan to lure the &quot;artist&quot;.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}{{Episode list<br /> | EpisodeNumber = 8<br /> | Title = Crash and Burn<br /> | DirectedBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]]<br /> | WrittenBy = [[Raj &amp; DK]], [[Sita Menon]], and Suman Kumar<br /> | OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2023|02|10|df=yes}}<br /> | ShortSummary = Sunny and Firoz almost get caught, but Michael manages to see their faces. To escape from the cops during a chase, Sunny and Firoz scatter the fake cash into the streets. Displeased by this, Mansoor orders them to be killed, but Sunny uses the help of his friends to escape. Mansoor sets fire to Madhav's printing press, seemingly killing him. Angered, Sunny goes on a rampage -- he kills many of Mansoor's men and sets fire to the cash, promising Mansoor that he will be back for more. Meanwhile, Michael and Rekha get divorced. Megha is close to uncovering Sunny's identity.<br /> | LineColor = 000000<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Production ==<br /> ''Farzi'' was first conceived as a film by [[Raj &amp; DK]] with [[Shahid Kapoor]] and [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] in 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shahid Kapoor, Nawazuddin Siddiqui to star in Farzi|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shahid-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-to-star-in-farzi-207187-2014-09-04|work=India Today|date=4 September 2014|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205084036/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shahid-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-to-star-in-farzi-207187-2014-09-04|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kriti Sanon]] joined the cast by the end of the year.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shahid Kapoor, Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Kriti Sanon's 'Farzi' to go on floors by January–February start|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-kriti-sanons-farzi-to-go-on-floors-by-january-february-start/|work=The Indian Express|date=30 December 2014|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205084252/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shahid-kapoor-nawazuddin-siddiqui-kriti-sanons-farzi-to-go-on-floors-by-january-february-start/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; By 2019, it was expanded into a television series with Kapoor still attached.&lt;ref name=&quot;variety1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Hingorani|first=Piya|title=Shahid Kapoor gets candid on completing 20 years in Bollywood, digital debut Farzi, Ishq Vishk, Jab We Met, Kaminey and more|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shahid-kapoor-gets-candid-on-completing-20-years-in-bollywood-digital-debut-farzi-ishq-vishk-jab-we-met-kaminey-and-more-exclusive/articleshow/97553224.cms?from=mdr|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 February 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205072542/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/shahid-kapoor-gets-candid-on-completing-20-years-in-bollywood-digital-debut-farzi-ishq-vishk-jab-we-met-kaminey-and-more-exclusive/articleshow/97553224.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In January 2021, Kapoor confirmed that [[Raashii Khanna]] had joined the project.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Shahid Kapoor welcomes Raashi Khanna on board Raj and DK's web series|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shahid-kapoor-welcomes-raashi-khanna-board-raj-dks-web-series/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=25 January 2021|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205080746/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/shahid-kapoor-welcomes-raashi-khanna-board-raj-dks-web-series/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; In September 2021, [[Bhuvan Arora]] said that he was working on the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Rizvi|first=S Farah|title=With good work coming my way, I am on the right path: Bhuvan Arora|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/with-good-work-coming-my-way-i-am-on-the-right-path-bhuvan-arora-101631888125363.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=17 September 2021|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205105702/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/with-good-work-coming-my-way-i-am-on-the-right-path-bhuvan-arora-101631888125363.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Raj &amp; DK offered a part to [[Vijay Sethupathi]] when they were in Chennai filming ''[[The Family Man (Indian TV series)|The Family Man]]''; he joined the production 40 days after they began filming.&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Farzi: Vijay Sethupathi On Struggle With Language - Learnt Hindi In Dubai But It's Been Years|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/my-character-in-farzi-is-like-a-fruit-salad-a-mix-of-everything-says-vijay-sethupathi-3716408|website=NDTV|date=23 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205032936/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/my-character-in-farzi-is-like-a-fruit-salad-a-mix-of-everything-says-vijay-sethupathi-3716408|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; He credited his co-star Raashii Khanna, with whom he had worked before in [[Tamil films]], for making him comfortable on set.&lt;ref name=&quot;ndtv1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Principal photography]] began at [[Film City, Mumbai]] in July 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shahid Kapoor begins shooting his web show in Mumbai with Raj and DK for a 40 day schedule?|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-begins-shooting-his-web-show-mumbai-raj-and-dk-40-day-schedule-810200|work=Pinkvilla|date=13 July 2021|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205074423/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/shahid-kapoor-begins-shooting-his-web-show-mumbai-raj-and-dk-40-day-schedule-810200|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filming also took place in parts of Mumbai, [[Goa]], [[Alibaug]], [[Nepal]], and [[Jordan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Raj and DK explore various locations for Shahid Kapoor's OTT debut Farzi|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/raj-dk-explore-various-locations-shahid-kapoors-ott-debut-farzi/|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=7 February 2023|accessdate=8 February 2023|archive-date=7 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207173543/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/raj-dk-explore-various-locations-shahid-kapoors-ott-debut-farzi/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Pankaj Kumar (cinematographer)|Pankaj Kumar]] served as the cinematographer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=I feel Farzi is the best digital debut, says Shahid Kapoor|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/i-feel-farzi-is-the-best-digital-debut-says-shahid-kapoor-8431948/|work=The Indian Express|date=8 February 2023|accessdate=8 February 2023|archive-date=8 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208104146/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/i-feel-farzi-is-the-best-digital-debut-says-shahid-kapoor-8431948/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The series was officially announced by [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] on 28 April 2022, during the launch exhibit of 40 Indian projects sanctioned by the company.&lt;ref name=&quot;deadline22&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Whittock|first=Jesse|title=Amazon Prime Video India Plots 40-Strong TV And Film Originals Mega-Slate; Unveils TVoD Movie Rental Service|url=https://deadline.com/2022/04/amazon-prime-video-india-40-strong-tv-film-originals-mega-slate-tvod-movie-rental-service-1235011872/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=28 April 2022|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205070603/https://deadline.com/2022/04/amazon-prime-video-india-40-strong-tv-film-originals-mega-slate-tvod-movie-rental-service-1235011872/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapoor, Sethupathi, Khanna, [[Kay Kay Menon]], [[Regina Cassandra]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Bhuvan Arora]], [[Amol Palekar]], and [[Kubbra Sait]] were all announced to star.&lt;ref name=&quot;deadline22&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Writer [[Sita Menon]] stated that a scene indicating a crossover with Raj &amp; DK's show ''The Family Man'' was not pre-planned and that the idea came to Raj on the day of the shoot.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Sen|first=Srijita|title=Farzi Writers Reveal 'The Family Man' Crossover Was Not Intentional, Happened on the Day of Shoot|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/farzi-writers-reveal-the-family-man-crossover-was-not-intentional-happened-on-the-day-of-shoot-exclusive-7220113.html|website=News18|date=11 March 2023|accessdate=25 March 2023|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325181447/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/farzi-writers-reveal-the-family-man-crossover-was-not-intentional-happened-on-the-day-of-shoot-exclusive-7220113.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; DK later confirmed the crossover, stating the worlds in the two series &quot;run parallel to each other&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;mans world&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Ghosh|first=Ananya|title=The Interview: Q &amp; A with Raj and DK|url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/the-interview-q-a-with-raj-and-dk/|magazine=Mans World India|date=16 March 2023|accessdate=26 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326065352/https://www.mansworldindia.com/currentedition/from-the-magazine/the-interview-q-a-with-raj-and-dk/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Farzi<br /> | type = Soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Sachin–Jigar]], [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | cover = blank<br /> | alt = <br /> | released = 28 January 2023<br /> | recorded = <br /> | venue = <br /> | studio = <br /> | genre = <br /> | length = 8:00<br /> | language = Hindi<br /> | label = [[Sony Music India]]<br /> | producer = <br /> | misc = {{external music video|type=soundtrack| header = Official audio<br /> | {{YouTube|19h_U6RhVJw|Farzi Jukebox}}<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> The duo [[Sachin–Jigar]], who are frequent collaborators of Raj &amp; DK, composed music for the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ramasubramanian|first=Uma|title=Sachin-Jigar tell a story with every song in Raj and DK's 'Farzi'|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/sachin-jigar-tell-a-story-with-every-song-in-raj-and-dk-s-farzi-23268728r|work=Mid Day|date=4 February 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205073515/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/sachin-jigar-tell-a-story-with-every-song-in-raj-and-dk-s-farzi-23268728r|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; They composed two songs, &quot;Paisa Hai Toh&quot; and &quot;Sab Farzi&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Kushal|first=Ruchi|title=Sachin-Jigar open up on making Sab Farzi, Shahid Kapoor's reaction to it: 'We don't believe in remakes'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/sachinjigar-on-sab-farzi-shahid-kapoor-s-reaction-to-it-and-remakes-101675072893397.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=31 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205000654/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/sachinjigar-on-sab-farzi-shahid-kapoor-s-reaction-to-it-and-remakes-101675072893397.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Sachin-Jigar: Raj &amp; DK Give Us Complete Creative Control Over The Music And Also Give Us Their Honest Feedback|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sachin-jigar-raj-dk-give-us-complete-creative-control-over-the-music-and-also-give-us-their-honest-feedback-news-259438|work=Outlook|date=4 February 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=4 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204140420/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/sachin-jigar-raj-dk-give-us-complete-creative-control-over-the-music-and-also-give-us-their-honest-feedback-news-259438|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tanishk Bagchi]] composed the third song, &quot;Aasmaan&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Tanishk Bagchi, Sachin-Jihar Come Together For 'Farzi'|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/tanishk-bagchi-sachin-jihar-come-together-for-farzi--news-257157|work=Outlook|date=27 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127104552/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/tanishk-bagchi-sachin-jihar-come-together-for-farzi--news-257157|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A soundtrack album comprising these three songs was released by [[Sony Music India]] on 28 January 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Farzi (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/farzi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-single/1666343427|website=Apple iTunes|date=28 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205092540/https://music.apple.com/us/album/farzi-original-motion-picture-soundtrack-single/1666343427|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = Paisa Hai Toh<br /> | music1 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]], MellowD, [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | lyrics1 = Jigar Saraiya<br /> | length1 = 3:08<br /> | title2 = Sab Farzi<br /> | music2 = [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Saba Azad]], [[Sachin–Jigar]]<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Priya Saraiya]]<br /> | length2 = 2:30<br /> | title3 = Aasmaan<br /> | music3 = [[Tanishk Bagchi]]<br /> | extra3 = Raghav Meattle, Anumita Nadesan<br /> | lyrics3 = Raghav Meattle <br /> | length3 = 2:52<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> Two first-look posters of ''Farzi'' featuring Shahid Kapoor and Vijay Sethupathi were released on 5 January 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi unveil first-look posters of their debut OTT show Farzi with release date|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-unveil-first-look-posters-of-their-debut-ott-show-farzi-with-release-date-3015188|work=DNA India|date=5 January 2023|accessdate=26 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326095858/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-unveil-first-look-posters-of-their-debut-ott-show-farzi-with-release-date-3015188|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A week later, on 13 January, the official trailer was released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Farzi trailer: Will Vijay Sethupathi's trigger-happy cop put an end to Shahid Kapoor's get-rich-quick scheme?|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/farzi-trailer-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-raj-and-dk-prime-video-watch-8379335/|work=The Indian Express|date=13 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205070605/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/farzi-trailer-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-raj-and-dk-prime-video-watch-8379335/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; To promote the show, Prime Video collaborated with [[Swiggy]] to send out fake ₹2,000 notes to customers who ordered from the service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Unique marketing. Swiggy sends out fake ₹2,000 notes for OTT show 'Farzi' promotion|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/swiggy-sends-out-fake-2000-notes-to-promote-ott-show-farzi/article66532229.ece|work=The Hindu Business Line|date=20 February 2023|accessdate=26 March 2023|archive-date=26 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326095548/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/swiggy-sends-out-fake-2000-notes-to-promote-ott-show-farzi/article66532229.ece|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; The series was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 10 February 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last=Jha|first=Lata|title=Amazon Prime Video to stream Shahid Kapoor's 'Farzi' on 10 February|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/amazon-prime-video-to-stream-shahid-kapoor-s-farzi-on-10-february-11673414595903.html|work=The Hindu|date=11 January 2023|accessdate=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205070607/https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/amazon-prime-video-to-stream-shahid-kapoor-s-farzi-on-10-february-11673414595903.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later that month, Kapoor confirmed that the series would return for a second season.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=20 March 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor confirms Farzi Season 2 and says, &quot;I am sure it will happen, but...&quot; |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/shahid-kapoor-confirms-farzi-season-2-and-says-i-am-sure-it-will-happen-but-/articleshow/98306020.cms?from=mdr |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=25 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325171115/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/shahid-kapoor-confirms-farzi-season-2-and-says-i-am-sure-it-will-happen-but-/articleshow/98306020.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In March 2023, a [[YouTuber]] named Joravar Singh Kalsi, and his friend Gurpeet Singh, were arrested in [[Gurgaon]] for enacting a scene from the series, in which they threw fake currency notes from a speeding car.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Farzi' stunt on Golf Course Road proves costly for YouTuber|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/youtuber-joravar-singh-kalsi-arrested-reel-scene-shahid-kapoor-farzi-8497115/|work=The Indian Express|date=15 March 2023|accessdate=26 March 2023|archive-date=21 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321165953/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/youtuber-joravar-singh-kalsi-arrested-reel-scene-shahid-kapoor-farzi-8497115/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> ===Critical response===<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | width1 = 150<br /> | footer = Critics praised the performances of [[Shahid Kapoor]] (left) and [[Vijay Sethupathi]].<br /> | image1 = Shahid Kapoor.jpg<br /> | alt1 = <br /> | caption1 = <br /> | width2 = 175<br /> | image2 = Vijay Sethupathi at Dharmadurai Audio launch.jpg<br /> | alt2 = <br /> | caption2 = <br /> }}<br /> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' wrote that &quot;thanks to a gripping storyline, the uniformly-paced series sustains its momentum within the individual chapters and across all its eight parts&quot;, and praised the performances of Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi and Kay Kay Menon.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Saibal|title=Farzi Review: Vijay Sethupathi Sets The Bar High, Shahid Kapoor's Performance Is Remarkable In Its Restraint|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/farzi-review-vijay-sethupathi-sets-the-bar-high-shahid-kapoors-performance-is-remarkable-in-its-restraint-3-5-stars-3769665|website=NDTV|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210043807/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/farzi-review-vijay-sethupathi-sets-the-bar-high-shahid-kapoors-performance-is-remarkable-in-its-restraint-3-5-stars-3769665|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' concluded that the &quot;inimitable Vijay Sethupathi livens up show that is in service to its star Shahid Kapoor, not its plot&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |date=10 February 2023 |title=Farzi review: Inimitable Vijay Sethupathi livens up show that is in service to its star Shahid Kapoor, not its plot |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/farzi-review-vijay-sethupathi-livens-up-show-service-to-star-shahid-kapoor-8435729/ |accessdate=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210060155/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/farzi-review-vijay-sethupathi-livens-up-show-service-to-star-shahid-kapoor-8435729/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anuj Kumar of ''[[The Hindu]]'' also compared it unfavourably to ''The Family Man'', writing that the &quot;socio-political commentary that was seamless in ''The Family Man'' gets repetitive and even jarring at times here&quot;. He also expressed displeasure with how &quot;the writers have spent hours in explaining the business of counterfeit currency, but have left the nuts and bolts of the story loose&quot;, but found Kapoor and Sethupathi's performances to be &quot;splendid&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=10 February 2023 |title='Farzi' season one review: Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi are splendid, but sell us a sham beneath the shine |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/farzi-season-one-review-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-are-splendid-but-sell-us-a-sham-beneath-the-shine/article66492953.ece |accessdate=10 February 2023 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210080034/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/farzi-season-one-review-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-are-splendid-but-sell-us-a-sham-beneath-the-shine/article66492953.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' was appreciative of the performances of Sethupathi and Menon; she found certain episodes to be &quot;adrenaline-pumping&quot; but found others &quot;yawn-inducing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Gahlot|first=Deepa|title=Farzi Review: Shahid Is Too Showy!|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/farzi-review/20230210.htm|website=Rediff.com|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210050855/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/farzi-review/20230210.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ThePrint]]''{{'s}} Nidhima Taneja termed it a &quot;gripping crime thriller&quot; and found Bhuvan Arora's to the &quot;breakout performance&quot; of the series.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Taneja|first=Nidhima|title=Shahid Kapoor's Farzi leaves no scope for boredom. It will keep you hooked|url=https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/shahid-kapoors-farzi-leaves-no-scope-for-boredom-it-will-keep-you-hooked/1364988/|website=ThePrint|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210080634/https://theprint.in/features/reel-take/shahid-kapoors-farzi-leaves-no-scope-for-boredom-it-will-keep-you-hooked/1364988/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shweta Keshri of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote that &quot;''Farzi'' is an intriguing watch, but with too much detailing, it tends to get exhausting in parts&quot;. She added that &quot;Kapoor has knocked it out of the park this time&quot;, termed Sethupati &quot;remarkable&quot;, and Menon &quot;top class&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Keshri|first=Shweta|title=Farzi Review: Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi's series is an intriguing crime drama with solid performances|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/farzi-review-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-raj-and-dk-intriguing-watch-solid-performances-2332813-2023-02-10|work=India Today|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210022159/https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/reviews/story/farzi-review-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-raj-and-dk-intriguing-watch-solid-performances-2332813-2023-02-10|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Scroll.in]]''{{'s}} Nandini Ramnath opined that &quot;the show’s strengths include a well-chosen cast, strong individual moments, and dialogue destined to endure as [[memes]]&quot;. She was particularly impressed by Pankaj Kumar's cinematography, which she said &quot;includes several continuous takes to create momentum and one bravura – and hilarious – chase sequence set in a crippling Mumbai traffic jam&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ramnath|first=Nandini|title='Farzi' review: A slick show about one of the oldest con games in town|url=https://scroll.in/reel/1043427/farzi-review-a-slick-show-about-one-of-the-oldest-con-games-in-town|website=Scroll.in|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210044248/https://scroll.in/reel/1043427/farzi-review-a-slick-show-about-one-of-the-oldest-con-games-in-town|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Pratikshya Mishra of ''[[The Quint]]'' termed it a &quot;sly, gripping thriller&quot; and added that &quot;the camerawork and editing work hand-in-hand to create a nearly mesmerising experience, mimicking the hypnotic nature of greed, fame, and power&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Mishra|first=Pratikshya|title='Farzi' Review: Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi Spar in a Sly, Gripping Thriller|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/farzi-full-show-review-raj-and-dk-family-man-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-debut-raashii-khanna-kay-kay-menon#read-more|website=The Quint|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210065044/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/farzi-full-show-review-raj-and-dk-family-man-shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathi-debut-raashii-khanna-kay-kay-menon#read-more|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sowmya Rajendran]] found similarities between ''Farzi'' and ''The Family Man''; she labelled it a &quot;mostly engrossing crime drama&quot; and found Kapoor &quot;likeable as the anti-hero&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Rajendran |first=Sowmya |date=10 February 2023 |title=Farzi review: A mostly engrossing crime drama from 'The Family Man' makers |work=Money Control |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/farzi-review-a-mostly-engrossing-crime-drama-from-the-family-man-makers-10049061.html |url-status=live |accessdate=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213181809/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/farzi-review-a-mostly-engrossing-crime-drama-from-the-family-man-makers-10049061.html |archive-date=13 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dishya Sharma of ''[[News18]]'' found ''Farzi'' to be &quot;binge-worthy&quot; but not &quot;as great as ''The Family Man''&quot;; she picked up the performances, cinematography and music as the series' highlights.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Dishya|title=Farzi Review: Shahid Kapoor And Vijay Sethupathi's Fake 'Money Heist' Is Worth Bingeing|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/farzi-review-shahid-kapoor-and-vijay-sethupathis-fake-money-heist-is-worth-bingeing-7042339.html|website=News18|date=10 February 2023|accessdate=10 February 2023|archive-date=10 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210021408/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/farzi-review-shahid-kapoor-and-vijay-sethupathis-fake-money-heist-is-worth-bingeing-7042339.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ronak Kotecha of ''[[The Times of India]]'' opined that ''Farzi'' &quot;is a refreshing and intensely gripping scamster saga whose pros far outweigh its cons&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kotecha |first=Ronak |date=10 February 2023 |title=Farzi Season 1 Review |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/farzi/farzi-season-1/seasonreview/97642255.cms |accessdate=10 February 2023 |archive-date=9 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230209233432/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/farzi/farzi-season-1/seasonreview/97642255.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Audience viewership===<br /> According to the consulting firm Ormax Media, ''Farzi'' emerged as the most-watched Indian streaming series of all time, with a projected 37 million viewers, overtaking the record previously set by ''[[Rudra: The Edge of Darkness]]'' (2022).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=24 March 2023 |title=Shahid Kapoor, Vijay Sethupathi's Farzi becomes most-watched Indian OTT series of all time, overtakes Mirzapur and Rudra |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathis-farzi-becomes-most-watched-indian-series-sets-new-records-8517304/ |accessdate=25 March 2023 |archive-date=24 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324230920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/shahid-kapoor-vijay-sethupathis-farzi-becomes-most-watched-indian-series-sets-new-records-8517304/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Accolades===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Award ceremony<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nominee / Work<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | {{abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2023<br /> |IWM Digital Awards <br /> |Most Popular Actress in a webseries <br /> |Raashii Khanna<br /> |{{Won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;10&quot; |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]<br /> | Best Drama Series<br /> | ''Farzi''<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Nominations for the Filmfare OTT Awards 2023: Full List Out {{!}} Femina.in |url=https://www.femina.in/trending/in-the-news/nominations-for-the-filmfare-ott-awards-2023-full-list-out-279050.html |date=23 November 2023|access-date=8 December 2023 |work=[[Femina (India)|Femina]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Director in a Drama Series<br /> | Raj &amp; DK<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Actor in a Drama Series<br /> | Shahid Kapoor<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series<br /> | Bhuvan Arora<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Original Story (Series)<br /> | Raj &amp; DK<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Original Screenplay (Series)<br /> |Raj &amp; DK, Sita Menon, Suman Kumar<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Production Design (Series)<br /> |Parichit Paralkar<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Editing (Series)<br /> |Sumeet Kotian<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Background Music (Series)<br /> |Ketan Sodha<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |Best Original Soundtrack (Series)<br /> |Sachin-Jigar, Tanishk Bagchi, Raghav Meattle<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> *{{IMDb title}}<br /> * [https://www.primevideo.com/detail/0HQNZ0NEOP9BEGU35D6GHNDXUG/ ''Farzi''] on [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> * [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/farzi-2/ ''Farzi''] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]<br /> <br /> {{Raj and DK|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{Amazon Video original series}}<br /> {{Portal bar|India|Television}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> [[Category:Amazon Prime Video original programming]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime television series]]<br /> [[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]<br /> [[Category:Indian crime drama television series]]<br /> [[Category:Television shows set in Mumbai]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laxman_Singh_Rathore&diff=511983 2026-03-15T05:11:24Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new a bio</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian scientist}}{{BLP sources|date=March 2025}}{{Infobox person<br /> |name = Dr. Laxman Singh Rathore<br /> |image =<br /> |caption = <br /> |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1954|07|04}}<br /> |birth_place = [[Rajasthan]], [[India]]<br /> |education = Masters and Doctoral degrees in Agriculture<br /> |alma_mater = Rajasthan College of Agriculture, [[Udaipur]]<br /> |occupation = Former Director General of [[India Meteorological Department]](IMD)<br /> |years_active = 1980–2016<br /> |employer = [[Government of India]]<br /> |organization = [[India Meteorological Department]]<br /> |known_for = <br /> |spouse = <br /> |awards =<br /> }}'''Laxman Singh Rathore'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Short detail of Dr. Laxman Singh Rathore |url=http://www.imd.gov.in/doc/Biography_lsrathore.pdf |publisher=India Meteorological Department official portal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 July 2013 |title=Dr Laxman Singh Rathore, DG IMD &amp; Permanent Representative of India with WMO Elected As CO-Vice Chairman of Intergovernmental Board of Climate Services (IBCS) |url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97095 |publisher=Press Information Bureau portal}}&lt;/ref&gt; is an Indian scientist, former Director [[General]] of [[India Meteorological Department]], New Delhi,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Sanjeeb |title=In the weather management cockpit |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/in-the-weather-management-cockpit-116073100599_1.html |access-date=2016-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 July 2013 |title=Laxman Singh Rathore elected as to International Climate body |url=http://bestcurrentaffairs.com/w/laxman-singh-rathore-elected-as-to-international-climate-body/ |publisher=BEST Current Affairs portal}}&lt;/ref&gt; and permanent representative of India with the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO).<br /> ==Early life==<br /> Rathore obtained his secondary and senior secondary school education from Chopasani School, Jodhpur and Bachelor's degree from Bhupal Nobles College, Udaipur. Rathore completed his master's and doctoral degrees in agriculture (soil science) from the Rajasthan College of Agriculture, [[Udaipur]].<br /> <br /> ==Career==<br /> Rathore joined [[India Meteorological Department]] in 1980 as [[Meteorologist]]. He played a role in setting up the weather-based agricultural advisory service in India. He served as Vice President of the Commission of Agriculture Meteorology, WMO. He is an acclaimed weather forecaster. He communicated about [[Cyclone Phailin]] and [[Cyclone Hudhud]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/IMD-predicts-signs-of-South-west-monsoon-withdrawal-in-the-next-48-hours/articleshow/24216743.cms|title=IMD predicts signs of South-west monsoon withdrawal in the next 48 hours|publisher=The Economic Times|date=16 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; He retired from the service in 2016.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/kj-ramesh-to-be-the-new-imd-chief-116072701361_1.html|title=KJ Ramesh to be the new IMD chief|agency=Press Trust of India|access-date=2016-07-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; He is a member of the executive council of WMO, Chairman of [[SAARC Meteorological Research Centre]]. He participated in Indian Scientific expedition to Antarctica in 1983–84. Rathore served as President of Indian Meteorological Society and President of Association of Agrometeorologists.<br /> <br /> Rathore became Director General of Meteorology, India Meteorological Department (IMD) in 2012 and served as DG till 2016. He contributed toward improving weather forecast, particularly the [[extreme weather]] events like cyclones, extreme temperatures, heavy precipitation.<br /> <br /> Rathore participated in third Indian Antarctic Expedition during 1983-84. He has published more than 100 research papers and written around a dozen books and many book chapters.<br /> <br /> The World Bank appointed Rathore as International Consultant to assist the bank in improving weather and climate services in South Asia.&lt;ref&gt;(Dainik Bhaskar 03rd May 2017)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> He servies on various committees of Government of India.<br /> <br /> ==Recognition==<br /> <br /> * WMO award for accurate prediction and warnings of cyclones <br /> * Indian Army award for rendering meteorological information support for defense expeditions<br /> * of Rajasthan Science Congress Award<br /> * Sohrab Godrez award for science &amp; technology, by Rotary Club<br /> * Honorary Professor by Amity University, Jaipur<br /> * Vigyan Ratna by Vigyan Parishad Prayag<br /> * DD Kisan Samman by Doordarshan<br /> * Maharana Mewar Award; Marwar Ratna Award<br /> * Rajbhasha Shri Puraskar, and ICHL Award<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Meteorology]]<br /> * [[India Meteorological Department]]<br /> * [[National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting]]<br /> * [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> * [[Ministry of Earth Sciences]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rathore, Laxman Singh}}<br /> [[Category:1954 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian earth scientists]]<br /> [[Category:Indian meteorologists]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jainism_in_Maharashtra&diff=448788 2026-03-12T07:21:33Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Improved readability and structure</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}<br /> {{More citations needed|date=June 2016}}<br /> {{Infobox ethnic group<br /> | image = File:2 La grotte Jain Indra Sabha Ellora Caves, India.jpg<br /> | caption = ''Indra Sabha'', [[Ellora Caves]]<br /> | group = Marathi Jain<br /> | native_name = Marathi Jain<br /> | native_name_lang = Marathi<br /> | regions = {{IND}}&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; [[Maharashtra]]<br /> | languages = [[Marathi language|Marathi]] and [[Kannada language|Kannada]]<br /> | religions = [[Jainism]]<br /> | Sect = <br /> }}<br /> {{Jainism}}<br /> <br /> [[Jainism]] has been present in [[Maharashtra]] since ancient times.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Starr |first=Kelsey Jo |date=2021-08-17 |title=6 facts about Jains in India |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/08/17/6-facts-about-jains-in-india/ |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The famous [[Ellora Caves]] demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Bot Verification |url=https://jainavenue.org/development-of-jain-architecture-from-caves-to-temple-architecture-in-maharashtra/ |access-date=2024-12-23 |website=jainavenue.org}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Foot bahubali2.jpg|left|thumb|981 A.D. Marathi inscription at the foot of [[Bahubali|Bahubali statue]] at Jain temple in [[Shravanabelagola]] is one of the earliest known Marathi inscription found. It was derived from Jain-Prakrit language.]]<br /> Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history.<br /> The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 2nd-century BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the [[Pune District]]. It was written in the [[Jain Prakrit]] and includes the [[Navkar Mantra]].<br /> The first Marathi inscription known is at [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Karnataka]] near the left foot of the statue of [[Bahubali]], dated 981 CE.<br /> <br /> [[Jainism]] in Maharashtra was patronised by many rulers such kings from the [[Shilahara]]s and [[Rashtrakuta]]. Many of forts were built by kings from these dynasties and thus [[derasar|Jain temples]] or their remains are found in them. Texts such as the ''Shankardigvijaya'' and ''Shivlilamruta'' suggest that a large number of [[Marathi people]] followed Jainism in the ancient period.<br /> <br /> == Jain communities in present day Maharashtra==<br /> [[File:BahubaliKumbhoj.JPG|[[Kumbhoj Jain temple]] |thumb]]<br /> {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2024}}<br /> There are many native Jain communities in present day Maharashtra. The communities tend to be endogamous, and generally do not intermarry with the Jains who have arrived from [[North India]]. They belong to the [[Digambar]] sect. The four largest communities by numbers are:<br /> <br /> * [[Saitwal]], originally Tailors and Cloth Merchants<br /> * [[Chaturtha]], originally agriculturists, now engaged in various professions<br /> * Panchama, various professions{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}}<br /> * Kasar, traditionally coppersmiths<br /> Each of the above communities are affiliated to their own [[Matha]] and led by the Matha leader called [[Bhattaraka]].<br /> In addition to the above four, there are several smaller native Maharashtrian Jain communities.<br /> <br /> * [[Upajjhaya]]<br /> * [[Kumbhoj|Kamboja]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BsBEgVa804IC&amp;amp;q=Kambhoja&amp;amp;pg=PA910 |title=People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh, Anthropological Survey of India - Google Boeken |isbn=9788179911013 |access-date=2012-04-24|last1=Bhanu |first1=B. V. |year=2004 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYSd-3yL9h0C&amp;amp;q=Kambhoja+desh+features&amp;amp;pg=PA265 |title=The Castes and Tribes of H.E.H. the Nizam's Dominions - Syed Siraj Ul Hassan - Google Boeken |isbn=9788120604889 |access-date=2012-04-24|last1=Hassan |first1=Syed Siraj ul |year=1989 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * Harada<br /> *Jabade, Jain community in Maharashtra<br /> * [[Dhakad]] A small Jain community found primarily in Western Vidarbha districts of Akola, Yavatmal, Washim and Amravati.<br /> <br /> ==Religious organizations==<br /> {{main|Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha}}<br /> The [[Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha]], Veer Seva Dal are religious and social service organization of the [[Jainism|Jain]]s of South India. The organization is headquartered at [[Kolhapur]], Maharashtra, India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OmBjoAFMfjoC&amp;amp;q=dakshina+bharat+jain+sabha&amp;amp;pg=PA368 |title=People of India: Maharashtra - Kumar Suresh Singh - Google Books |isbn=9788179911006 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Bhanu |first1=B. V. |year=2004 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LW8czr_HzzwC&amp;amp;q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&amp;amp;pg=PA235 |title=The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society - Google Books |date= 4 April 1991|isbn=9780521365055 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Carrithers |first1=Michael |last2=Humphrey |first2=Caroline |language=en }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JdNNz1jcN9cC&amp;amp;q=South+Indian+Jain+Association&amp;amp;pg=PA72 |title=A World Religions Reader - Google Books |date= 26 May 2009|isbn=9781405171090 |access-date=2013-01-30|last1=Markham |first1=Ian S. |last2=Sapp |first2=Christy Lohr |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra ([[Marathi Jains]]) and Karnataka ([[Kannada Jains]]).<br /> <br /> {{main|Jainism in Mumbai}}<br /> <br /> ==Jain Tirthas and Temples==<br /> {{multiple image<br /> | align = right<br /> | image1 = 4 Painting Jain Ellora Caves.jpg<br /> | width1 = 150<br /> | alt1 = <br /> | caption1 = Painting inside ''Indra Sabha'' cave at [[Ellora Caves]]<br /> | image2 = <br /> | width2 = 200<br /> | alt2 = <br /> | caption2 = ''[[Statue of Ahimsa]]'' - Largest Jain statue<br /> | footer = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ; Cave temple<br /> * [[Ellora Caves#The Jain caves|Ellora Jain Caves]]<br /> * [[Nasik Caves]]<br /> * [[Manmodi Caves]]<br /> * [[Mangi-Tungi]]<br /> <br /> ; Main temple<br /> * [[Shantinath Jain Teerth]]<br /> * [[Gajpanth]]<br /> * [[Kumbhoj]]<br /> * [[Shantinath Jain Teerth]]<br /> * [[Ramtek Jain temple|Shantinath temple]], [[Ramtek]]<br /> * [[Jahaj Mandir]], [[Mandwala]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://shribahubali.org/bahubali_Jahajmandir.htm Jahaj mandir] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913032230/http://www.shribahubali.org/bahubali_Jahajmandir.htm |date=13 September 2014 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;<br /> * [[Jintur]]<br /> * [[Godiji|Godiji Parshwanath Temple]], [[Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Nemgiri]] in [[Parbhani district]]<br /> * [[Katraj#Katraj Jain Temple|Katraj Tirth]]<br /> * [[Walkeshwar#Places of interest|Babu Amichand Panalal Adishwarji Jain Temple]], [[Walkeshwar]]<br /> * [[Antarikṣa Pārśvanātha Tīrtha|Antarikṣa Pārśvanātha Śvetāmbara Tīrtha]]<br /> * [[Sakri#Shree Vimalnath Bhagwan Tirth.2C Balsana.2C Sakri.2C Dhule|Shree Vimalnath Bhagwan Tirth]], [[Sakri]]<br /> * [[Shirpur#Other Jain Temples|Shirpurji teerth]], [[Dhule district]], [[Nashik]]<br /> * [[Nijampur Dhule#Tourism|Pashvanath Jain Temple]], [[Nijampur Dhule]]<br /> * Shri 1008 Mallinath Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, [[Shirad Shahpur]]<br /> * [[Bibwewadi#Jain Temple|Shri vimalnatha swami Jain shwetambar temple]] in Bibwewadi<br /> * [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra#Tourist attractions|Kachner Jain temple]] in [[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]<br /> * [[Paithan#Paithan Jain Tirth|Paithan Jain Tirth]]<br /> * [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park#Trimurti Temple|Trimurti Digambar Jain Mandir]] in [[Sanjay Gandhi National Park]], [[Borivali]]<br /> * [[Pimpri-Chinchwad#Parks, Recreation and Tourism|Shree Mahavir Jain Temple]] in [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]] near Pune<br /> * [[Osmanabad district#Tourism|Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kunthalgiri]], Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra<br /> Shri Kalikund Parshwanatha Digambar Jain Kshetra, Kundal Sangli.<br /> <br /> ==Gallery==<br /> &amp;lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&amp;gt;<br /> File:Ellora-Jain-cave.jpg|Jain cave in [[Ellora]]<br /> File:Shri 1008 Shantinath Jain Temple.JPG|[[Shantinath Jain Teerth]], [[Indapur]], [[Pune]]<br /> File:0101821 Shantinath Jain Mandir, Ramtek, Maharashtra 079.jpg|[[Ramtek Jain temple|Shantinath temple]], [[Ramtek]]<br /> File:23rd Tirthankara Parshva Parsvanath Parshvanatha Jainism India.jpg|Idol of Lord Shri Parshvanath at Kachner<br /> File:Lord_Mahaveer_at_dharashiv_cave.jpg|Lord Mahaveer at [[Dharashiv Caves]]<br /> &amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;<br /> Shri Kalikund Parshwanatha Digambar Jain Kshetra<br /> <br /> ==Notable Marathi Jains==<br /> * [[V. Shantaram]]<br /> * [[Walchand Hirachand]]<br /> * [[Ajit Gulabchand]]<br /> * [[Akshar Kothari]]<br /> * [[Sandhya Shantaram]]<br /> * [[Kiran Shantaram]]<br /> * [[Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil]]<br /> * [[Bal Patil]]<br /> * [[Suresh Jain]]<br /> * [[Raju Shetti]]<br /> * [[Vidyadhar Johrapurkar]]<br /> * [[Nirmalkumar]] [[Phadkule]]<br /> * [[Vilas Adinath Sangave]]<br /> * [[Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale]]<br /> * [[Kallappa Awade|Kallapa Awade]]<br /> *[[Rajendra Patil]]<br /> *[[Justice Bhalchandra Vagyani]]<br /> *[[Dhananjay Gunde]]<br /> *'''Annasaheb Latthe'''<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Religion|India}}<br /> * [[Jainism in Mumbai]]<br /> * [[Acharya]] [[Shantisagar]]<br /> * [[Acharya]] [[Vidyasagar (Jain monk)|Vidyasagar]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190101035847/http://jainconnect.org/ JainConnect.org - Newly evolving Online Portal/Directory for Jain Community]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170524040737/http://jainfriends.com/ A portal to connect jains and discuss about Jainism and other things]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060211220452/http://tirth.jinvani.com/tirthlist.php?id=15&amp;amp;page=0 Jain Tirthas in Maharashtra]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060321202300/http://www.jainteerth.com/teerth/ellora.asp Ellora]<br /> * [http://marathas.tripod.com History Of Maharashtra]<br /> <br /> {{Jain temples}}<br /> {{Jainism topics}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Jains In Maharashtra}}<br /> [[Category:Jain communities]]<br /> [[Category:Jainism in India]]<br /> [[Category:Religion in Maharashtra]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom&diff=447535 2026-03-08T22:00:20Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: page fix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Branch of Sasanian Persians ruling Bactria (c. 230–365)}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox Former Country<br /> | native_name = ''Kushanshahr''<br /> | conventional_long_name = Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom<br /> | common_name = Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom<br /> | era = [[Late Antiquity]]<br /> | government_type = [[Feudal monarchy]]<br /> | year_start = c. 230 CE<br /> | year_end = c. 365 CE<br /> | event_start = <br /> | date_start = 230 CE<br /> | event1 = <br /> | date_event1 = <br /> | event_end = <br /> | date_end = <br /> | p1 = Kushan Empire<br /> | p2 = Paratarajas<br /> | s1 = Kidarites<br /> | s2 = Gupta Empire<br /> | today = [[Pakistan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Afghanistan]]&lt;br/&gt;[[Turkmenistan]]<br /> | image_flag = <br /> | flag_type = <br /> | image_coat = <br /> | symbol_type = <br /> | image_map = Map of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom.svg<br /> | image_map_caption = Map of the domains governed by the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom<br /> | image_map_size = 300<br /> | capital = [[Balkh]]<br /> | common_languages = [[Middle Persian]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Bactrian language|Bactrian]]<br /> | religion = [[Buddhism]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Zoroastrianism]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Hinduism]]<br /> | currency = <br /> | title_leader = [[Kushanshah]]<br /> | leader1 = [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]]<br /> | year_leader11 = 330-365<br /> | leader11 = [[Varahran Kushanshah]]<br /> | year_leader1 = 233-245<br /> | stat_year1 = c. 230 CE<br /> | stat_area1 = <br /> | stat_pop1 = <br /> }}<br /> The '''Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom''' or the '''Indo-Sasanian Kingdom'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wink |first=André |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&amp;pg=PA174 |title=Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam 7Th-11th Centuries |date=2002 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-0-391-04173-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; was a polity established by the [[Sasanian Empire]] in [[Bactria]] during the 3rd and 4th centuries. The Sasanian Empire captured the provinces of [[Sogdia]], [[Bactria]] and [[Gandhara]] from the declining [[Kushan Empire]] [[Sasanian–Kushan Wars|following a series of wars]] in 225 CE.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;/&gt; The local Sasanian governors then went on to take the title of [[Kushanshah]] (KΟÞANΟ ÞAΟ ''or Koshano Shao'' in the [[Bactrian language]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Rezakhani |first1=Khodadad |title=From the Kushans to the Western Turks |journal=King of the Seven Climes |year=2021 |page=204 |url=https://www.academia.edu/32671225|url-access=registration |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;) or &quot;King of the Kushans&quot;, and to mint coins.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;/&gt; They are sometimes considered as forming a &quot;sub-kingdom&quot; inside the Sasanian Empire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Maas&quot;&gt;The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, Michael Maas, Cambridge University Press, 2014 [https://books.google.com/books?id=e0dcBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA284 p.284 ff]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This administration continued until 360–370,&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;/&gt; when the Kushano-Sasanians lost much of their domains to the invading [[Kidarites]]; the remainder was incorporated into the Sasanian Empire proper.{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017b|p=83}} Later, the Kidarites were in turn displaced by the [[Hephthalites]].&lt;ref name=&quot;SSS&quot;&gt;Sasanian Seals and Sealings, Rika Gyselen, Peeters Publishers, 2007, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RjWAXVYNIzkC&amp;pg=PA1 p.1]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kushanshahs are mainly known through their coins. Their coins were minted at [[Kabul]], [[Balkh]], [[Herat]], and [[Merv]], attesting the extent of their realm.&lt;ref name=&quot;EI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> A rebellion of [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (277–286 CE), who issued coins with the title ''Kushan-shahanshah'' (&quot;King of kings of the Kushans&quot;), seems to have occurred against contemporary emperor [[Bahram II]] (276–293 CE) of the Sasanian Empire, but failed.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> [[File:Hormizd I Kushanshah portrait.jpg|thumb|upright|Portrait of Kushano-Sasanian ruler [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (c. 277-286 CE) in [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] style.]]<br /> The Sassanids, shortly after victory over the [[Parthian Empire|Parthians]], extended their dominion into [[Bactria]] during the reign of [[Ardashir I]] around 230 CE, then further to the eastern parts of their empire in western [[Pakistan]] during the reign of his son [[Shapur I]] (240–270). Thus the Kushans lost their western territory (including [[Bactria]] and [[Gandhara]]) to the rule of Sassanid nobles named [[Kushanshahs]] or &quot;Kings of the Kushans&quot;. The farthest extent of the Kushano-Sasanians to the east appears to have been Gandhara, and they apparently did not cross the [[Indus River]], since almost none of their coinage has been found in the city of [[Taxila]] just beyond the Indus.&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1=Amalananda |title=Taxila |date=1965 |publisher=CUP Archive |pages=790–791 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0NA3AAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA787 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kushano-Sasanians under [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] seem to have led a rebellion against contemporary emperor [[Bahram II]] (276-293 CE) of the Sasanian Empire, but failed.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;&gt;The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3, E. Yarshater [https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&amp;pg=PA209 p.209 ff]&lt;/ref&gt; According to the ''[[Panegyrici Latini]]'' (3rd-4th century CE), there was a rebellion of a certain Ormis (Ormisdas) against his brother [[Bahram II]], and Ormis was supported by the people of Saccis ([[Sakastan]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;EI&quot;&gt;[http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hormozd-kusansah Encyclopedia Iranica]&lt;/ref&gt; Hormizd I Kushanshah issued coins with the title ''Kushanshahanshah'' (&quot;King of kings of the Kushans&quot;),&lt;ref name=&quot;CNG Coins&quot;&gt;[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=76467 CNG Coins]&lt;/ref&gt; probably in defiance of imperial Sasanian rule.&lt;ref name=&quot;CHI&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> Around 325, [[Shapur II]] was directly in charge of the southern part of the territory, while in the north the Kushanshahs maintained their rule. Important finds of Sasanian coinage beyond the Indus in the city of [[Taxila]] only start with the reigns of [[Shapur II]] (r.309-379) and [[Shapur III]] (r.383-388), suggesting that the expansion of Sasanian control beyond the Indus was the result of the wars of Shapur II &quot;with the Chionites and Kushans&quot; in 350-358 as described by [[Ammianus Marcellinus]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;/&gt; They probably maintained control until the rise of the [[Kidarites]] under their ruler [[Kidara]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The decline of the Kushans and their defeat by the Kushano-Sasanians and the Sasanians, was followed by the rise of the [[Kidarites]] and then the [[Hephthalites]] ([[Alchon Huns]]) who in turn conquered Bactria and Gandhara and went as far as central India. They were later followed by [[Turk Shahi]] and then the [[Hindu Shahi]], until the arrival of Muslims to north-western parts of India.<br /> <br /> ==Religious influences==<br /> [[File:BahramITheIndoSasanian.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of the last Kushano-Sasanian ruler [[Bahram Kushanshah]] (circa 350-365 CE) in [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] style.&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Obv:'' Bahram with characteristic headdress.&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Rev:'' [[Shiva]] with [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] in Kushan style.]] <br /> Coins depicting [[Shiva]] and [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]] have been discovered, indicating a strong influence of [[Hinduism]].<br /> <br /> The prophet [[Mani (prophet)|Mani]] (210–276), founder of [[Manichaeism]], followed the Sasanian expansion to the east, which exposed him to the thriving [[Buddhist]] culture of [[Gandhara]]. He is said to have visited [[Bamyan City|Bamiyan]], where several religious paintings are attributed to him, and is believed to have lived and taught for some time. He is also related to have sailed to the [[Indus Valley]] area (now in [[Pakistan]]) in 240 or 241 and converted a Buddhist king, the [[Turan]] Shah of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;&gt;[[Richard Foltz]], ''Religions of the Silk Road'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On that occasion, various Buddhist influences seem to have permeated Manichaeism: &quot;Buddhist influences were significant in the formation of Mani's religious thought. The transmigration of souls became a Manichaean belief, and the quadripartite structure of the Manichaean community, divided between male and female monks (the 'elect') and lay follower (the 'hearers') who supported them, appears to be based on that of the Buddhist [[sangha]]&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;ReferenceA&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The cult of [[Mithra]] also flourished and Mithra was regarded as a divine protector of Kushano-Sasanian rulers.{{sfn|Dani|Litvinsky|2006|p=109}}<br /> <br /> ==Coinage==<br /> The Kushano-Sassanids created an extensive coinage with legend in [[Brāhmī script|Brahmi]], [[Pahlavi script|Pahlavi]] or [[Bactrian language|Bactrian]], sometimes inspired from Kushan coinage, and sometimes more clearly Sassanid.<br /> <br /> The obverse of the coin usually depicts the ruler with elaborate headdress and on the reverse either a [[fire temple]] or Shiva with Nandi.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;150px&quot; heights=&quot;75px&quot; perrow=&quot;6&quot;&gt;<br /> File:KUSHANO-SASANIANS Ardashir I Kushanshah Circa AD 230-250.jpg|Kushano-Sasanian ruler [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]], circa 230-250 CE. [[Merv]] mint.<br /> File:Ardashir I Kushanshah in the name of Vasudeva circa 230-245 CE.jpg|[[Ardashir I Kushanshah]] in the name of [[Kushan Empire|Kushan]] ruler [[Vasudeva I]], circa 230-245 CE.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=17299# CNG Coins]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> File:Hormizd I Kushanshah Merv mint.jpg|[[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] with mention of [[Ahura Mazda|Mazda]] and [[Anahita]]. [[Merv]] mint.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNG Coins&quot;/&gt;<br /> Image:Indo-SassanianCoinage.jpg|Indo-Sassanid coin.<br /> Image:Indo-SassanianCoin.jpg|A gold Indo-Sassanid coin.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Kushano-Sasanian art==<br /> The Indo-Sassanids traded goods such as [[silver]]ware and [[textile]]s depicting the Sassanid emperors engaged in hunting or administering justice.<br /> <br /> &lt;gallery widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot; perrow=&quot;4&quot;&gt;<br /> File:Kushano-Sasanian footed cup with medallion 3rd-4th century CE Bactria Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg|Kushano-Sasanian footed cup with medallion, 3rd-4th century CE, Bactria, [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Metropolitan Museum of Art|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/328670|website=www.metmuseum.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> File:Silverplate with investiture scene. Sasanian 4th century CE, possibly Afghanistan. Middle East, 52 Ancient Iran - 28174064678.jpg|Possible Kushano-Sasanian plate, excavated in [[Rawalpindi]], [[Pakistan]], 350-400 CE.&lt;ref&gt;For the precise date: {{cite book |last1=Sundermann |first1=Werner |last2=Hintze |first2=Almut |last3=Blois |first3=François de |title=Exegisti Monumenta: Festschrift in Honour of Nicholas Sims-Williams |year=2009 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05937-4 |page=284, note 14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3gOdaiXNKkC&amp;pg=PA218 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[British Museum]] 124093.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Plate British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1897-1231-188|website=The British Museum|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Sims|first1=Vice-President Eleanor G.|last2=Sims|first2=Eleanor|last3=Marshak|first3=Boris Ilʹich|last4=Grube|first4=Ernst J.|last5=I|first5=Boris Marshak|title=Peerless Images: Persian Painting and Its Sources|date=January 2002 |publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=978-0-300-09038-3|page=13|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XUyajzkDJ50C&amp;pg=PA13|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> File:Head of a Male Figure Kushano-Sasanian period Gandhara region 4th-5th century CE Terracotta (823151389).jpg|Terracotta head of a male figure, Kushano-Sasanian period, Gandhara region, 4th-5th century CE<br /> Sasanian Gilt Silver Plate, from Northern Wei 504 CE tomb.jpg|A probable Kushano-Sasanian plate with hunting scene, found in the 504 CE tomb of [[Feng Hetu]] in [[China]]. [[Shanxi Museum]]. It is dated the 3rd-4th century CE, and was probably manufactured in northern Afghanistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;iranicaonline_org&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Carter |first1=M.L. |title=Encyclopaedia Iranica |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/chinese-iranian-xiv |website=iranicaonline.org|quote=A gilt silver plate depicting a princely boar hunt, excavated from a tomb near Datong dated to 504 CE, is close to early Sasanian royal hunting plates in style and technical aspects, but diverges enough to suggest a Bactrian origin dating from the era of the Kushano-Sasanian rule (ca. 275-350 CE)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PH&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=HARPER |first1=PRUDENCE O. |title=An Iranian Silver Vessel from the Tomb of Feng Hetu |journal=Bulletin of the Asia Institute |date=1990 |volume=4 |pages=51–59 |jstor=24048350 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24048350 |issn=0890-4464}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Watt |first1=James C. Y. |title=China: Dawn of a Golden Age, 200-750 AD |date=2004 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-1-58839-126-1 |pages=152–153 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbdS-R3y72MC&amp;pg=PA152 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Artistic influences===<br /> [[File:VishnuGandhara.JPG|thumb|''[[Vishnu Nicolo Seal]]'': Kushano-Sasanian or [[Kidarite]] prince worshipping [[Vishnu]] or [[Vāsudeva]], with Bactrian inscription. Found in [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]]. 4th century CE. [[British Museum]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Seal British Museum|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/A_1892-1103-98|website=The British Museum|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;a Sasanian prince is represented adoring before the Indian god Vishnu&quot; in {{cite book|last1=Herzfeld|first1=Ernst|title=Kushano-Sasanian Coins|year=1930 |publisher=Government of India central publication branch|page=16|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x2FBAQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=[[South Asia Bulletin]]|title=South Asia Bulletin: Volume 27, Issue 2 |date=2007|quote-page=478|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BuMUAQAAIAAJ|publisher=University of California, Los Angeles|quote=A seal inscribed in Bactrian , fourth to fifth century AD , shows a Kushano - Sasanian or Kidarite official worshipping Vishnu : Pierfrancesco Callieri , Seals and Sealings from the North - West of the Indian Subcontinent and Afghanistan.}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> The example of Sassanid art was influential on [[Kushan art]], and this influence remained active for several centuries in the northwest South Asia. Plates seemingly belonging to the art of the Kushano-Sasanians have also been found in [[Northern Wei]] tombs in [[China]], such as [[:File:Sasanian Gilt Silver Plate, from Northern Wei 504 CE tomb.jpg|a plate depicting a boar hunt]] found in the 504 CE tomb of [[Feng Hetu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;iranicaonline_org&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Main Kushano-Sassanid rulers==<br /> The following Kushanshahs were:{{sfn|Rezakhani|2017b|p=78}}<br /> <br /> * [[Ardashir I Kushanshah]] (230–245)<br /> * [[Peroz I Kushanshah]] (245–275)<br /> * [[Hormizd I Kushanshah]] (275–300)<br /> * [[Hormizd II Kushanshah]] (300–303)<br /> * [[Peroz II Kushanshah]] (303–330)<br /> * [[Varahran Kushanshah]] (330–365)<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Commons category|Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom}}<br /> {{History of Afghanistan}} <br /> {{HistoryOfSouthAsia}}<br /> * [[Indo-Parthian]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Sources ==<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Cribb |first1=Joe |author-link=Joe Cribb| editor-last1 = Rienjang | editor-first1 = Wannaporn | editor-last2 = Stewart| editor-first2 = Peter |title=Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017 |isbn=978-1-78491-855-2 |date=2018 |publisher=University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress |url=https://archive.org/details/ProblemsOfChronologyInGandharanArt/page/n27}} {{free access}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Cribb|first1=Joe|editor-last = Alram | editor-first = M. | title=The Kidarites, the numismatic evidence.pdf |journal= Coins, Art and Chronology Ii, Edited by M. Alram et al|date=2010 |pages=91–146|publisher= Coins, Art and Chronology II|url=https://www.academia.edu/38112559}} {{free access}}<br /> * {{Cite book |chapter=The Kushano-Sasanian kingdom |first1=A.H. |last1=Dani |first2=B.A. |last2=Litvinsky |pages=103–118 |title=History of Civilizations of Central Asia |volume=III: The crossroads of civilizations: A.D. 250 to 750 |editor-first1=B. A. |editor-last1=Litvinsky |editor-first2=Zhang |editor-last2=Guand-Da |editor-first3=R. Shabani |editor-last3=Samghabadi |publisher=UNESCO |year=2006 |isbn=978-9231032110 }}<br /> * {{cite book |first1=Touraj |last1=Daryaee|first2=Khodadad|last2=Rezakhani|editor1-last=Daryaee |editor1-first=Touraj |title=King of the Seven Climes: A History of the Ancient Iranian World (3000 BCE - 651 CE) |date=2017a |publisher=UCI Jordan Center for Persian Studies |chapter=The Sasanian Empire|pages=1–236|isbn=978-0-692-86440-1<br /> |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=unTjswEACAAJ}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Payne|first1=Richard|title=The Making of Turan: The Fall and Transformation of the Iranian East in Late Antiquity |journal=Journal of Late Antiquity |date=2016 |volume=9 |pages=4–41 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press| location = Baltimore|url=https://www.academia.edu/27438947|doi=10.1353/jla.2016.0011|s2cid=156673274}} {{free access}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Rapp|first1=Stephen H.|title=The Sasanian World through Georgian Eyes: Caucasia and the Iranian Commonwealth in Late Antique Georgian Literature|date=2014|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.| location = London|isbn=978-1-4724-2552-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8VIBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=rapp+inscription+kartir}}<br /> * {{cite book | title = ReOrienting the Sasanians: East Iran in Late Antiquity | year = 2017b | publisher = Edinburgh University Press | last = Rezakhani | first = Khodadad | chapter = East Iran in Late Antiquity| pages = 1–256 | isbn = 978-1-4744-0030-5 | jstor = 10.3366/j.ctt1g04zr8 }} {{registration required}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Rypka |first1=Jan |last2=Jahn |first2=Karl |title=History of Iranian literature |date=1968 |publisher=D. Reidel |isbn=9789401034791 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y_9jAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Sastri|first=Nilakanta|title=A Comprehensive History of India: The Mauryas &amp; Satavahanas |date=1957 |publisher=Orient Longmans |page=246 |isbn=9788170070030 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dRmDAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia | article = Kushanshahs i. History | last = Vaissière | first = Étienne de La |author-link=Étienne de la Vaissière | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kushanshahs-01 | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica | year = 2016 }}<br /> * {{cite encyclopedia | article = Ardašīr I i. History | last = Wiesehöfer | first = Joseph | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ardasir-i | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 4 | pages = 371–376 | year = 1986 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050828050211/http://grifterrec.com/coins/kushanshah/kushanshah.html Coins of the Kushano-Sassanids] (archived)<br /> {{Central Asian history}}<br /> {{Middle kingdoms of India}}<br /> {{Sassanid Provinces}}<br /> {{Sasanian Empire}}<br /> {{coord missing|Asia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ancient history of Pakistan]]<br /> [[Category:Ancient history of Afghanistan]]<br /> [[Category:Sasanian Empire]]<br /> [[Category:Kushan Empire]]<br /> [[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 4th century]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Didaur&diff=451933 2026-03-06T17:04:53Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Enhanced content and organization</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Dedaur<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = Dedaur<br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Sataon block map.png<br /> | map_caption = Map showing Dedaur (#402) in Sataon CD block<br /> | pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh<br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.243702|N|81.17456|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;GeoNames&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Search for &quot;Didaur&quot; here |title=Geographic Names Search WebApp }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | subdivision_type = Country India<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 9.83<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 4781<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = &lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt;<br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | registration_plate = UP-33<br /> | website = <br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Dedaur''', is a village in [[Sataon]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=202–18 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is located 8&amp;nbsp;km from [[Raebareli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;/&gt; on the road to [[Unnao]], just east of the intersection with the road to [[Lalganj, Uttar Pradesh|Lalganj]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Nevill |first1=H.R. |title=Rai Bareli: A Gazetteer, Being Volume XXXIX Of The District Gazetteers Of The United Provinces Of Agra And Oudh |date=1905 |publisher=Government Press |location=Allahabad |pages=172–3 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35020 |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is near the right bank of the [[Sai River (Uttar Pradesh)|Sai River]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; As of 2011, Dedaur has a population of 4,781 people, in 900 households.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 2011&quot;/&gt; '''Sunita Singh''' ''wife of'' '''Dinesh Chaudhary''' was elected Sarpanch of Dedaur for 15 years continuously from 2005-2021. The village hosts two annual festivals: one is the Badhwapur-ka-Mela, which is dedicated to the worship of [[Nag Devta]] and is held on [[Bhadra (Hindu calendar)|Bhadra]] Sudi 5, and the other is the Jhurhapur-ka-Mela, which is dedicated to worship of [[Rama]] and falls on [[Phalguna]] Sudi 8.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> At the turn of the 20th century, Dedaur was described as a large but otherwise unremarkable village, held in [[taluqdar]]i tenure by the [[Raja of Birsinghpur]] as part of the [[Simarpaha]] estate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt; The population in 1901 was 2,224, more than half of whom were [[Kurmi]]s, and there was an aided school in the village.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gazetteer 1905&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Didaur (as &quot;Dedaur&quot;) as comprising 3 hamlets, with a total population of 2,125 people (1,119 male and 1,006 female), in 512 households and 496 physical houses.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=168–9, xl-xli of section &quot;Rae Bareli Tahsil&quot;, cxxii, cxxv-cxxvi |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The area of the village was given as 2,475 [[acre]]s and it had a post office and medical practitioner at that point.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; It also had one [[grain mill]], one small miscellaneous [[food processing]] establishment, and one manufacturer/repairer of items not assignable to any group.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt; Average attendance of the Badhwapur-ka-Mela and Jhurhapur-ka-Mela festivals was about 400 people each then.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1961&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Didaur (as &quot;Dedaur&quot;) as having a population of 3,406 people, in 609 households, and having an area of 1,012.96 [[hectare]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village &amp; Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=102–3 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=9 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; The main staple foods were given as wheat and rice.&lt;ref name=&quot;Census 1981&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The most successful and longest [[Sarpanch]] remained from the family of '''Dinesh Chaudhary.''' He himself won the Panchayat Election in 2000 and was the Sarpanch from 2000-2005. After him, '''Sunita Singh''' (''wife of'' '''Dinesh Chaudhary''') won the panchayat election in 2005,2010 and 2015 for 3 consecutive times and remained Sarpanch till 2021. The same family gave the Sarpanch to the village for the longest time for this village i.e 2 decades. <br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Raebareli district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Home_(2021_film)&diff=452273 2026-03-04T06:05:15Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: General improvements to article content</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2021 Indian film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2022}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Home<br /> | image = Home (2021 film).jpg<br /> | alt = <br /> | caption = Official release poster <br /> | director = [[Rojin Thomas]]<br /> | writer = Rojin Thomas<br /> | producer = [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]]<br /> | starring = {{Plainlist|<br /> * [[Indrans]]<br /> * [[Sreenath Bhasi]]<br /> * [[Naslen]] <br /> * Deepa Thomas<br /> * [[Manju Pillai]] <br /> * [[Johny Antony]]<br /> * [[Kainakary Thankaraj]] <br /> }}<br /> | cinematography = Neil D'Cunha<br /> | editing = [[Prejish Prakash]]<br /> | music = [[Rahul Subrahmanian]]<br /> | studio = [[Friday Film House]]<br /> | distributor = [[Amazon Prime Video]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|08|19|India}}<br /> | runtime = 161 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Malayalam]]<br /> | budget = <br /> | gross = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Home''''' (also known as '''''#Home''''') is a 2021 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[drama film]] directed and written by [[Rojin Thomas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=M |first=Athira |date=18 August 2021 |title='#Home' is a happy film, says director Rojin Thomas |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/home-malayalam-film-rojin-thomas-indrans/article35971016.ece |access-date=18 August 2021 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film stars [[Indrans]], [[Sreenath Bhasi]], [[Naslen]], Deepa Thomas, [[Manju Pillai]], [[Johny Antony]] and [[Kainakary Thankaraj]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indrans in #Home as a technologically challenged dad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/indrans-in-home-as-a-technologically-challenged-dad/articleshow/77608708.cms |access-date=1 January 2022 |newspaper=The Times of India |language=en |first=Anjana |last=George |date=18 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=#Home review: This tale of an impossibly good man and his family is a great Onam treat |url=https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2021/08/19/home-review-this-tale-of-an-impossibly-good-man-and-his-family-is-a-great-onam-treat0.html |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=The Week |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818222154/https://www.theweek.in/review/movies/2021/08/19/home-review-this-tale-of-an-impossibly-good-man-and-his-family-is-a-great-onam-treat0.html |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 19 August 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=12 August 2021 |title=Malayalam film 'Home' to stream on Amazon Prime Video |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/malayalam-film-home-to-stream-on-amazon-prime-video-11628744005871.html |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 August 2021 |title=Malayalam movie '#Home' to stream on Amazon Prime Video this Onam |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/malayalam-movie-home-stream-amazon-prime-video-onam-153752 |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=10 August 2021 |title=Malayalam film ''Home'' to release on Amazon Prime Video on August 19 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/malayalam-film-home-to-release-on-amazon-prime-video-on-august-19/2138489 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=OutlookIndia |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This film received widespread critical acclaim from critics. The story, background score, cinematography, social relevance, characterization and performances of the lead cast especially that of Indrans and Manju Pillai were critically acclaimed. In 2023, the film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam|National Film Award For Best Feature Film In Malayalam.]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 - Winners announced |url=https://www.brutimes.com/2023/08/69th-National-Film-Awards-2023-Winners-announced.html |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=69th National Film Awards 2023 complete winners list: Rocketry, Alia Bhatt, Kriti Sanon, Allu Arjun win big |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/69th-national-film-awards-2023-winners-list-8907028/ |website=The Indian Express |language=en |date=24 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> Oliver Twist (named after the character [[Oliver Twist|of the same name]]) is a technologically challenged 60-year-old father of two sons, who helps his wife around the house by fixing broken things and tending to his garden. They have an aquarium with a fish called Mickey. Oliver's father has dementia, walks with the help of a walker, and needs help cleaning after himself. Oliver's wife, Kuttiyamma, is a retired nurse and takes care of the house. Their younger son, Charles, is a lazy teenager who is a struggling YouTuber. The viewers are shown a ‘happy family photo’ consisting of Appachan, Oliver Twist, Kuttiyamma, and their two sons, including Anthony.<br /> Anthony lives in a messy apartment away from home. He is a budding scriptwriter, who was a former architect, with his first script being a grand success 2 years ago. He is continuously distracted by the constant buzz of notifications from various social media apps on his mobile phone. He also has a troublesome relationship with his girlfriend, Priya. He is still unsuccessfully working on his second script, on which his producer has given him an ultimatum of one week.Anthony is reminded of his home where he wrote his first script and he goes back.<br /> <br /> On his first day at Home, Anthony finds himself distracted as ever and unable to think of anything worthwhile for his story. Charles video calls Anthony when they go shopping for a new tank. Oliver gets excited to see his son on the phone and starts boasting about him in front of the shopkeeper. His sons get embarrassed and Charles pulls him out of the shop quickly.<br /> <br /> Anthony often compares his professionally unsuccessful father to Priya's father, Joseph, whom he looks up to, and insults Oliver without any regards to how his father might feel. This makes Oliver extremely sad, seeing as how ashamed his elder son feels of him, he walks out of the home in silence and stands by the gate of his home, to hide his tears from his family. The following night, during his sleep, Oliver finally remembers an extraordinary event in his life and tries to talk about it to Anthony many times but in vain.<br /> <br /> Anthony goes to discuss his script with the superstar Vishal but he politely dismisses it as unrelatable and boring. After coming home, Anthony lashes out as Vishal had not listened to his script properly. Accidentally, Oliver records a live video of this rant on Facebook and gets a lot of hate from the internet. Oliver loses sleep over destroying his son's career. He starts attending sessions with a [[psychologist]] and joins [[Tai chi]] classes, but is heavily criticised by his family members for doing so. He eventually becomes good at using smartphones.<br /> <br /> On Joseph's advice, Anthony writes a handwritten apology letter to Vishal with the help of Oliver. Chancing his time, Oliver relates a story. One day, Oliver encountered a woman who was about to lose her child to an unknown disease. He immediately offered to help her. With the help of his best friend Suryan, he crossed a river full of wild elephants, with the woman and her child seated on a huge cooking vessel arranged by them. Then they ran to a car owner's home and from there started for the hospital. On the route, as the three males got down to find out the reason for the blocked road, the car started going backwards and was about to fall off the cliff, when a stone got under the car and Oliver finally pressed the brakes. They finally admitted the sick child and the doctors said he would be fine. Anthony isn't impressed at all by this story. Seeing Anthony always mocking Oliver in front of Priya and her parents, Kuttiyamma gets angry and lashes out at both her sons, including Charles who wasn't aware of anything, for always blaming their parents for all their misfortunes.<br /> <br /> On Joseph's 50th birthday, his mother relates the story behind the cover photo of the book. She shares the same story that Oliver had shared with Anthony. Anthony finally realises that showing his best self on social media to seek others’ opinions and assurances is wrong because that is just a part of him. He further notices that he can be perfectly imperfect without any judgements, only in the presence of those closest to him, i.e. his home and his family. The end scene shows Joseph's mother coming to Oliver's home and thanking him and Suryan for saving her son's life after she came to know the truth from Anthony.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{Cast listing|<br /> * [[Indrans]] as Oliver Twist, a doting father who is approachable and kind; however, feels distant to his children due to their excessive use of technology. He sets out on a journey to discover more about using smartphones to get closer to his children but discovers its damaging effects and discovers himself in the meantime.<br /> ** [[Minon]] as Young Oliver Twist<br /> * [[Sreenath Bhasi]] as Antony Oliver Twist, an upcoming filmmaker, who is also a writer and the director of the film &quot;Stories&quot; (In the movie). He is in a relationship with Priya and suffers from a serious phone addiction, and is always quite rude and arrogant to his family<br /> * [[Naslen]] as Charles Oliver Twist, a teenager who is obsessed with becoming a social media star who apparently also suffers from a phone addiction but is not as arrogant as Antony<br /> * [[Anoop Menon]] as Vishal, an actor<br /> * [[Vijay Babu (actor, born 1976)|Vijay Babu]] as Franklin, the psychologist <br /> * [[Aju Varghese]] as Cinematographer<br /> * Deepa Thomas as Priya Joseph Lopez, Antony's girlfriend <br /> * [[Manju Pillai]] as Kuttiyamma Oliver Twist, a retired nurse who is the loving yet strong willed, strict and short-tempered mother to Antony and Charles and wife to Oliver Twist<br /> * [[Kainakary Thankaraj]] as Appachan, an old literary translator, who in his early years used to translate English literature into Malayalam, which led to him naming his kids after well-known literature characters.<br /> * [[Johny Antony]] as Suryan, Oliver Twist's best friend from childhood. They remain close at this age. He is paranoid about being ill and dying. <br /> ** Ashlin Joseph as Young Suryan<br /> * [[Srikant Murali]] as Joseph Lopez, a wealthy and successful businessman and the father of Priya. Antony looks up to Joseph a lot and compares him to his father, Oliver Twist.<br /> ** Alphonse Joseph as Young Joseph Lopez<br /> * [[Asha Aravind]] as Joseph's wife<br /> * [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]] as Annamma, Joseph's mother, who is an artist.<br /> ** [[Priyanka Nair]] as Young Annamma <br /> * [[Pauly Valsan]] as Molly, Franklin's Attender<br /> * [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Baby, the film producer<br /> * Shaju Sreedhar as Mobile shop owner<br /> * Kiran Aravindakshan as Justin<br /> * Chithra as Justin's wife<br /> * Geethi Sangeetha as Suryan's wife<br /> * Fukru as Kichu, Priya's cousin <br /> * Subrahmanian Unni as Sahib<br /> * [[Dev Mohan]] as Film hero (cameo appearance in &quot;Onnunarnnu Vannu Sooryan&quot;)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Music ==<br /> [[Rahul Subrahmanian]] is the music director of the movie. He has composed four songs for the film and also did the background scores for the movie.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/music/interviews/2021/08/29/music-director-rahul-subrahmanian-opens-up-about-the-new-movie-home.html |title=ഹോമിനു വേണ്ടി കാത്തിരുന്നത് 7 വർഷം, ഓരോ സിനിമയിറങ്ങിയപ്പോഴും ഞാനും റോജിനും പേടിച്ചു, പക്ഷേ: രാഹുൽ സുബ്രഹ്മണ്യൻ |work=Manorama News Online |date=30 August 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Song !! Singer !! Lyricist !! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> |''Mukiluthodaanaayi'' || [[Madhu Balakrishnan]] || [[Arun Alat]] || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/music/mukiluthodaanaayi-lyric-video-song-from-home-qxs74t |title=മധു ബാലകൃഷ്‍ണന്‍റെ ആലാപനത്തില്‍ മനോഹര മെലഡി; ഇന്ദ്രന്‍സ് നായകനാവുന്ന '#ഹോ'മിലെ പാട്ടെത്തി |date=13 August 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021 |work=Asianet News}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Itha Vazhi Maariyodunnu'' || [[Vineeth Srinivasan]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Arun Alat]] || Shyam Muraleedharan &lt;br/&gt; [[Arun Alat]] || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/home-song-itha-vazhi-maariyodunnu/videoshow/85888547.cms |title=Home : Song - Itha Vazhi Maariyodunnu |work=The Times of India |date=5 September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Onnunarnnu Vannu Sooryan'' || [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] || [[Arun Alat]] || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/home-song-onnunarnnu-vannu-sooryan/videoshow/85888460.cms |title=Home : Song - Onnunarnnu Vannu Sooryan |date=4 September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |''Ra Thinkalin'' || [[Vijay Yesudas]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Remya Nambeesan]] || Mamatha Seemanth || &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/malayalam/home-song-ra-thinkalin/videoshow/86062306.cms |title=Home : Song - Ra Thinkalin |date=10 September 2021 |access-date=15 September 2021 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Release==<br /> The film was released on [[Amazon Prime Video]] on 19 August 2021.<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> <br /> ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 3.5 out of 5 and wrote, &quot;The movie is a must watch entertainer that the whole family can laugh and cry happy tears all through together&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Home is a must watch entertainer says Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/malayalam/home/ottmoviereview/85432056.cms |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' said that thoughtfully written and directed by Rojin Thomas, Home is a film representing the present times when emotions get only expressed on digital mediums, forgetting or avoiding personal contacts.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/movie-review/home-review-do-not-miss-this-heart-warming-family-drama |title=Home review: Do not miss this heart-warming family drama |date=24 August 2021 |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=The Free Press Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' commented that sometimes too sweets but most times heartwarming, Rojin Thomas brings to life a lovely family drama that is driven by Indrans' effortless performance.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/home-movie-review-indrans-malayalam-film-is-a-charming-relationship-drama-101629366749518-amp.html |title=Home movie review: Indrans' Malayalam film is a charming relationship drama |date=19 August 2021 |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=Hindustan Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated 3 on 5 for the movie and wrote, &quot;Parts of #Home feel stretched, and the film could have done with some scissoring, but when it works, it works so well that this complaint recedes into the background in the face of its overall endearing nature and loveable simplicity.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/home-movie-review-indrans-as-oliver-twist-with-a-twist-is-a-precious-onam-gift-9903751.html |title=#Home movie review: Indrans as Oliver Twist with a twist is a precious Onam gift |date=22 August 2021 |access-date=13 September 2021 |work=Firstpost}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * {{IMDb title|10534500}}<br /> <br /> {{Rojin Thomas}}<br /> {{Friday Film House}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2021 films]]<br /> [[Category:2021 Malayalam-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian family films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian drama films]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]<br /> [[Category:Films not released in theaters due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]<br /> [[Category:Amazon Prime Video original films]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victory_(2013_film)&diff=544249 2026-03-03T21:36:53Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding new entry initial version - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox film<br /> | name = Victory<br /> | image = Victory_(2013_film).jpeg<br /> | caption = Promotional poster<br /> | director = [[Nanda Kishore]]<br /> | screenplay = M. S. Sreenath<br /> | producer = SRS Media Vision &lt;br /&gt; [[Anand Audio]]<br /> | story = M. S. Sreenath<br /> | starring = [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Asmita Sood]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]]&lt;br /&gt;[[P. Ravi Shankar|Ravishankar]]<br /> | narrator = [[Jaggesh]]<br /> | music = [[Arjun Janya]]<br /> | cinematography = Shekar Chandra<br /> | distributor = [[Jayanna Combines]]<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|08|23}}<br /> | editing = K. M. Prakash<br /> | studio = SRS MEDIA VISION<br /> | language = Kannada<br /> | runtime = 158 minutes<br /> | country = India<br /> | budget = {{INR}}2.5 crores&lt;ref name=&quot;it1&quot;/&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''''Victory''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]] [[comedy film]] directed by [[Nanda Kishore]] and written by M. S. Sreenath. The film stars [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] and [[Asmita Sood]] in the lead roles along with [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[P. Ravi Shankar|Ravishankar]] and [[Ramesh Bhat]] playing supporting roles. Actress [[Ragini Dwivedi]] appears in one item dance number for the film. The film is produced by SRS Media Vision in association with Anand Audio, a popular audio company in Karnataka.<br /> <br /> The film was an instant success at the box-office. The original score and soundtrack for the film was composed by [[Arjun Janya]]. One of the songs, &quot;Khali Quarter&quot;, from the film went viral on the social media and was widely appreciated by celebrities and critics. The film premiered in the US through producer Atlanta Nagendra on 6 September 2013, and was widely appreciated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Victory-to-premiere-in-the-US-on-September-6/articleshow/22225332.cms|title=Victory to premiere in the US on September 6|newspaper=[[The Times Of India]] |date=2 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was observed that the storyline of the movie was similar to that of 1995 Kannada movie ''[[Ganeshana Galate]]'' which itself was based on the 1978 movie ''[[The Odd Job]]''. The movie was remade in Telugu in 2016 as ''[[Selfie Raja]]'' starring [[Allari Naresh]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Allari-Nareshs-next-is-a-remake-of-Oru-Vadakan-Selfie/articleshow/53948643.cms|title=Allari Naresh's next is a remake of Oru Vadakan Selfie|website=[[The Times of India]]|last1=Jonnalagedda |first1=Pranita }}&lt;/ref&gt; The movie had a sequel titled ''[[Victory 2]]'' released in 2018 in which he played a quadruplet thereby becoming the second Indian actor after Kamal Hassan to play such a role.<br /> <br /> ==Plot==<br /> The film starts with Chandru (Sharan) marrying Priya (Asmita Sood) and on the very first night of their marriage they get separated as she is made to believe that Chandru is a womeniser. Dejected by this, Chandru attempts suicide several times, but in vain. He finally hires a local Don &quot;Mafia&quot; (Ravishankar) and gives him a week's time to kill him. Meanwhile, Priya returns to Chandru realizing her mistakes and wants to live with him happily. But by then, Mafia who is reluctant to kill Chandru, realises that he is a look a like of his childhood friend Munna and he immediately plans to earn some money by killing Chandru &amp; claiming his life insurance amount. Meanwhile Veerabhadra (Keerthi Raj) is on the verge of taking revenge on DCP Rajendra's family. What follows is the comical twists and turns on how Chandru escapes from the don and re-unites with Priya.<br /> <br /> ==Cast==<br /> {{div col|colwidth=22em}}<br /> * [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] as Chandru &amp; Munna (Double character)<br /> * [[Asmita Sood]] as Priya, Chandru's wife<br /> * [[P. Ravi Shankar|Ravishankar]] as Mafia, a local goon<br /> * [[Tabla Nani]] as Chinthamani Choornananda, Chandru's uncle <br /> * [[Keerthiraj]] as Veerabhadra, a local Rowdy <br /> * [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as DCP Rajendra &amp; Priya's Father<br /> * [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Inspector Sadhu Gowda<br /> * [[Kuri Prathap]] as a Police constable<br /> * [[Ramesh Bhat]] as DCP Rajendra's friend<br /> * [[Ragini Dwivedi]] as Maya, Munna's love interest (Also a special appearance in the item number &quot;Yakka Nin Maglu&quot;)<br /> * [[Mimicry Dayanand]] as Astrologer<br /> * [[Girija Lokesh]] as DCP Rajendra's Mother &amp; Priya's Grand mother<br /> * [[Chikkanna]]<br /> * Rani Damukumar <br /> * Apoorva<br /> * Rachana Gowda <br /> * Akki channabasappa <br /> * Arasu Maharaj as one of Mafia's henchman<br /> * [[Mithra (actor)|Mithra]] as Snake Charmer<br /> * Rockline Sudhakar <br /> * Mandeep Rai as Doctor<br /> * Sangamesh Upaase as Receptionist in Doctor's clinic<br /> * Cool Chinna <br /> * [[Nanda Kishore]] in a cameo appearance in song &quot;Khali Quarter&quot;<br /> {{div col end}}<br /> <br /> ==Production==<br /> Actor turned debutant director [[Nanda Kishore]], son of yester-year actor Sudheer, announced his maiden project and titled it as &quot;Victory&quot;. He roped in Sharan as the main protagonist who tasted big success from ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'' released in 2012. One of the unit members reported that the film would be a comic-caper and would engage the audience for its complete length.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Box-office-victory-for-Nandakishore/articleshow/20460548.cms|title=Box-office victory for Nandakishore?|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=7 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Model-turned-actress Asmita Sood who was a [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] finalist in 2011, was signed up for her first Kannada film to play the lead role opposite Sharan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Sonu-Sood-doesnt-want-to-be-my-brother-Asmita-Sood/articleshow/21845072.cms|title=Sonu Sood doesn't want to be my brother: Asmita Sood|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=16 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Soundtrack==<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = Victory<br /> | type = [[Soundtrack]]<br /> | artist = [[Arjun Janya]]<br /> | cover =<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|5|20}}<br /> | recorded =<br /> | venue =<br /> | studio =<br /> | genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length =<br /> | label = Anand Audio<br /> | producer =<br /> | prev_title =<br /> | prev_year =<br /> | next_title =<br /> | next_year =<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Owing to the success of the previous venture, ''[[Rambo (2012 film)|Rambo]]'', the audio company Anand Audio, which also returned to film production, once again teamed up with music director [[Arjun Janya]] and actor [[Sharan (actor)|Sharan]] for this film. Arjun composed four tracks for the film out of which one repeats in male and female versions. Well known lyricists such as [[Jayanth Kaikini]], [[Yogaraj Bhat]], [[K. Kalyan]] and [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]] wrote the lyrics for the songs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/victory-audio-release-by-month-end-news-kannada-nfom4Kdhadf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609145433/http://www.sify.com/movies/victory-audio-release-by-month-end-news-kannada-nfom4Kdhadf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 June 2013|title = 'Victory' audio release by month-end!|website=[[Sify]] |date= 14 May 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Popular yester-year playback singer [[L. R. Eswari]] made a comeback by rendering her voice for a dance song in this film.<br /> <br /> The single &quot;Khali Quarter&quot; from the soundtrack sung by [[Vijay Prakash]] and written by [[Yogaraj Bhat]] went viral on the online video sharing sites and was widely considered as one of the most successful songs of 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Khali-quarter-goes-viral-in-Sandalwood/2013/08/08/article1723717.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810013828/http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Khali-quarter-goes-viral-in-Sandalwood/2013/08/08/article1723717.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 August 2013|title=Khali quarter goes viral in Sandalwood|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=8 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Track listing<br /> | total_length = <br /> | extra_column = Singer(s)<br /> | title1 = One Two Za Two<br /> | lyrics1 = [[K. Kalyan]]<br /> | extra1 = [[Arjun Janya]]<br /> | length1 = <br /> | title2 = Kanna Minche Jaahirathu<br /> | lyrics2 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]<br /> | extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Anuradha Bhat]]<br /> | length2 = <br /> | title3 = Khali Quarter Baatli Hange Lifeu<br /> | extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Yogaraj Bhat]]<br /> | length3 = <br /> | title4 = Vone Vone<br /> | extra4 = [[Mika Singh]], Sangeetha<br /> | lyrics4 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]<br /> | length4 = <br /> | title5 = Yakka Nin Magalu<br /> | extra5 = [[L. R. Eswari]], [[Kailash Kher]]<br /> | lyrics5 = Shivu Byargi<br /> | length5 = <br /> | title6 = Kanna Neere Jaahirathu<br /> | extra6 = Anuradha Bhat<br /> | lyrics6 = Ghouse Peer<br /> | length6 = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Response==<br /> ''Victory'' opened to a tremendous response at the box office. All across the Karnataka State, the film was declared a blockbuster hit within the first week of its release. Even before the release, the film created a news by selling the satellite rights at a record price of {{INR}} 2.5Crores to a Kannada channel. This price itself was the total production cost of the film and further the distribution sales were at the record selling price which made the film a blockbuster all over.&lt;ref name=&quot;it1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news-interviews/Victory-strikes-gold-at-box-office/articleshow/22223446.cms|title=Victory strikes gold at box-office?|newspaper=[[The Times Of India]] |date= 2 September 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; The first week collections mounted about {{INR}}6Crores while the first weekend collections were about {{INR}}2.6Crores.<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> === Critical response ===<br /> <br /> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' scored the film at 3 out of 5 stars and says &quot;Sharan has again proved that he is a hero material with his brilliant performance. Asmitha Sood has done a good job. Ravishankar is as excellent in comedy roles as in villain's roles. Ragini's dance sequence and Arjun Janya's music are the highlights. Shekhar Chandra as captured some eye-catching scenes in his camera&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/victory/movie-review/22033252.cms?from=mdr|title=VICTORY MOVIE REVIEW|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=14 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; B S Srivani from [[Deccan Herald]] wrote &quot;Victory, however, leaves two questions unanswered: One, was the Akka nin maglu song really necessary? Second, who played Chandru's aunt — Sharan himself or...?&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/content/352882/misunderstanding-bane-romance.html|title=Misunderstanding is the bane of romance|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=24 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; A critic from [[Sify.com]] wrote &quot;Music by Arjun Janya may not be top class, but one song Khaali Quarter (lyrics penned by Yograj Bhat) has become a chartbuster. Ragini Dwivedi has performed an item number in the movie and it fails to live up to the expectations. This movie is definitely for those who want a change in their routine life by laughing for a couple of hours&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/victory-review-kannada-15037110.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904193219/http://www.sify.com/movies/victory-review-kannada-15037110.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-09-04|title=Movie review:Victory|website=[[Sify]] |date=2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb title|3099372}}<br /> <br /> {{Nanda Kishore}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Victory (2013 film)}}<br /> [[Category:2013 films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 Indian films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 comedy films]]<br /> [[Category:2013 directorial debut films]]<br /> [[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]<br /> [[Category:Kannada films remade in other languages]]<br /> [[Category:Films directed by Nanda Kishore]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love_Li&diff=513635 2026-03-03T12:12:14Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new a data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|2024 film}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}{{Infobox film<br /> | name = Love Li<br /> | image = Love Li poster.jpg<br /> | caption = Theatrical release poster<br /> | director = Chetan Keshav<br /> | writer = Chetan Keshav<br /> | producer = Ravindra Kumar<br /> | starring = [[Vasishta N. Simha]]&lt;br/&gt;Stefy Patel<br /> | music = [[J. Anoop Seelin]]<br /> | cinematography = Ashwin Kennedy<br /> | editing = [[Harish Komme]]<br /> | studio = Abhuvanasa creations<br /> | released = {{Film date|df=y|2024|06|14|ref1=}}<br /> | country = India<br /> | language = [[Kannada]]<br /> | budget = {{INR}}10 crore&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> }}<br /> '''''Love Li''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic film|romantic]] [[action film]] directed by Chetan Keshav and produced by Ravindra Kumar under Abhuvanasa Creations. The film stars [[Vasishta N. Simha]], Stefy Patel, [[Achyuth Kumar]], [[Malavika Avinash]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], Sameeksha and [[Kavya Shetty]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reddy |first=Y Maheswara ReddyY Maheswara |title=A glimpse into Love Li |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-glimpse-into-love-li/articleshow/110716629.cms |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070654/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/a-glimpse-into-love-li/articleshow/110716629.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The music was composed by [[J. Anoop Seelin]], while cinematography and editing were handled by Ashwin Kennedy and [[Harish Komme]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2024-06-17 |title='Love Li' movie review: A story of love, hope &amp; redemption |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jun/17/love-li-movie-review-a-story-of-love-hope-redemption |access-date=2024-08-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=11 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240811154310/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Jun/17/love-li-movie-review-a-story-of-love-hope-redemption |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> ''Love Li'' was theatrically released on 14 June 2024 to mixed reviews from critics.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-05 |title=Dhananjay-starrer Kotee Set To Clash With Vasishtha Simha's Love Li In Theatres On June 14 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/dhananjay-starrer-kotee-set-to-clash-with-vasishtha-simhas-love-li-in-theatres-on-june-14-8921949.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=ವಸಿಷ್ಠ ಸಿಂಹ ಅಭಿನಯದ &quot;Love ಲಿ&quot; ಚಿತ್ರದ ಟ್ರೇಲರ್ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡಿದ ರಿಷಬ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ : ಜೂನ್ 14 ರಂದು ಚಿತ್ರ ತೆರೆಗೆ |url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/love-li-trailer-release-film-to-hit-theater-on-june-14th-215012 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Zee News Kannada |language=kn}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Plot ==<br /> {{Expand section|October 2025|date=October 2025}}<br /> Jai, an ex-gangster, works as a key man in a [[fashion design]]ing company and leads a peaceful life with his wife Janani and daughter Thanu. However, things takes a turn when Jai learns that Janani has been infected with [[HIV]] by Krimuhi, a psychopath. Jai takes care of Janani by taking her for treatment in [[London]], while also hunting down Krimuhi. Jai tracks down Krimuhi and brutally kills him, while Janani recovers from the disease. Janani learns about Jai's hardships to cure her, where they resume their peaceful life.<br /> <br /> == Cast ==<br /> {{cast list|<br /> * [[Vasishta N. Simha]] as Jai&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | date=2024-05-11 |title=Vasishta Simha wraps up shoot of 'Love Li' in London |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/May/11/vasishta-simha-wraps-up-shoot-of-love-li-in-london |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Love Li Actor Vasishta N Simha Touches Divine Star Rishab Shetty's Feet! Read On To Know Why |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/love-li-actor-vasishta-n-simha-touches-divine-star-rishab-shetty-s-feet-read-on-to-know-why-article-110653592 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Times Now |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Stefy Patel as Janani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharadhaa |first=A. |date=2022-07-18 |title=Stefy Patel marks her Kannada debut with 'love li' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/Jul/18/stefy-patelmarksher-kannadadebut-with-love-li-2477593.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Dr. Kumar<br /> * [[Malavika Avinash]] as Dr. Shashikala<br /> * [[Sadhu Kokila]] as A. K. Boss<br /> * Sameeksha as Siri<br /> * Cockroach Sudhir as Sudi<br /> * [[H. G. Dattatreya]] as Lucky<br /> * [[Kavya Shetty]] as Kavya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-05-27 |title=Kavya Shetty and Nandu make special appearance in 'Chikimika' song from Vasishta Simha's 'Love Li' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2024/May/27/kavya-shetty-and-nandu-make-special-appearance-in-chikimika-song-from-vasishta-simhas-love-li |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Vanshika as Tanu}}<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film's trailer was released on 2 June 2024 by [[Rishab Shetty]] and it was promoted digitally by Digital Magnet Media.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Rishab Shetty Launches Trailer Of Upcoming Kannada Film LoveLi |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/rishab-shetty-launches-trailer-of-upcoming-kannada-film-loveli-8920860.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070944/https://www.news18.com/movies/rishab-shetty-launches-trailer-of-upcoming-kannada-film-loveli-8920860.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-06-04 |title=Rishabh Shetty launches the trailer for the upcoming Kannada film 'Love Li' starring Vasishta Simha and Stefy Patel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rishabh-shetty-launches-the-trailer-for-the-upcoming-kannada-film-love-li-starring-vasishta-simha-and-stefy-patel/articleshow/110699858.cms#:~:text=The%20Kannada%20action-romance%20film,anticipation%20for%20this%20compelling%20story. |access-date=2024-06-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070948/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/rishabh-shetty-launches-the-trailer-for-the-upcoming-kannada-film-love-li-starring-vasishta-simha-and-stefy-patel/articleshow/110699858.cms#:~:text=The%20Kannada%20action-romance%20film,anticipation%20for%20this%20compelling%20story. |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was released on 14 June 2024, clashing with ''[[Kotee]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shukla |first=Ankur |date=2024-06-06 |title=Rishab Shetty Launches Trailer for Upcoming Kannada Film 'Loveli' - R9 News |url=https://r9news.in/2024/06/06/rishab-shetty-launches-trailer-for-upcoming-kannada-film-loveli/ |access-date=2024-06-06 |language=en-US |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606070948/https://r9news.in/2024/06/06/rishab-shetty-launches-trailer-for-upcoming-kannada-film-loveli/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Reception==<br /> Vinay Lokesh of The Times of Indian said that “Love Li has a familiar story filled with love, sentiment, and action but falters in execution. The narration fails to lift the formulaic plot, which is marred by a shallow storyline lacking depth. The film predominantly revolves around Jai and Janani’s life, making it predictable and testing the audience’s patience.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Love Li Movie Review: Love Li review: Vasishta's carry job makes up for a shallow plot |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/love-li/movie-review/110993585.cms |access-date=2026-02-09 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{IMDb title}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:2024 Kannada-language films]]<br /> [[Category:Indian romantic action films]]<br /> [[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]<br /> [[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]<br /> [[Category:Indian thriller films]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viveck_Goenka&diff=446740 2026-02-25T18:21:42Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: minor update</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Chairman, Managing Director and Editorial Director of the Indian Express Group}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = Viveck Goenka<br /> | image = Viveck Goenka.jpg<br /> | caption = Viveck Goenka at the Ramnath Goenka Awards<br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1957|12|3|df=yes}}<br /> | occupation = Chairman, Managing Director, and Editorial Director of the [[Indian Express Group]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Viveck Goenka''' is the Chairman, Managing Director and Editorial Director of the [[Indian Express Group]]. The newspapers included in the Indian Express Group include the flagship newspaper, The Indian Express, business and economy daily [[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]; Marathi daily; [[Loksatta]] and [[Jansatta]] in Hindi. Online, the group is today the third largest news group in the country.<br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Viveck Goenka was born in Chennai – then Madras, to Krishna Khaitan and Ajay Mohan Khaitan. Ramnath Goenka, his maternal grandfather, was the founder of the Indian Express Group. In 1991, [[Ramnath Goenka]] formally adopted him as his son and heir.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Warrior of the Fourth Estate: Ramnath Goenka of the Express|last=results|first=search|date=2005-09-01|publisher=Penguin India|isbn=9780670058426|location=New Delhi; New York|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; He self identifies himself as Tamilian. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-03-08|title=The media Marwari who's a 'proper Tam-Brahm'|url=https://indianjournalismreview.com/2014/03/08/the-media-marwari-whos-a-proper-tam-brahm/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20240802121014/https://indianjournalismreview.com/2014/03/08/the-media-marwari-whos-a-proper-tam-brahm/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=2 August 2024|access-date=2021-07-07|website=IJR|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Viveck Goenka completed his B Tech, Chemical Engineering from [[Madras University]] in 1979. In 1985, he moved to Mumbai and joined the Indian Express Group.<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> <br /> === Publishing, Press and Media ===<br /> Viveck Goenka has led the Indian Express Group for nearly three decades. The newspaper has to its credit, significant newsbreaks in journalism which have effected change in public policy and legislation in contemporary India.<br /> <br /> Goenka pioneered the first organized B2B segment in trade publishing India. Today, this showcases a range of publications: Express Computer, Express Pharma, Express Healthcare and Express Travelworld.<br /> <br /> Goenka is credited with starting Bollywood's first jury based awards - the [[Screen Awards]].<br /> <br /> He is currently the Chairman of The [[Press Trust of India]] Limited (PTI) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/viveck-goenka-elected-pti-chairman-n-ravi-deputy-chairman-4833753/|title=Viveck Goenka elected PTI chairman, N Ravi deputy chairman|date=2017-09-08|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-07-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/viveck-goenka-elected-new-pti-chairman-the-hindus-n-ravi-is-vice-chairman/article19636019.ece|title=Viveck Goenka elected new PTI Chairman, The Hindu's N. Ravi is Vice Chairman|date=2017-09-07|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-07-17|agency=PTI|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; and has served as Chairman of the [[United News of India]]. He has been a Council Member of the National Readership Studies Council (NRSC) and on the board of Governors of the Media Research Users Council (MRUC), two organizations providing research data on media in India. He has also been a Council member of the Audit Bureau of Circulation (ABC), and was one of the past presidents of the [[Indian Newspaper Society]] (INS). He is a member of the Advertising Association, India Chapter and was a member of the International Advertising Association Inc., New York.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://expressgroup.indianexpress.com/management.html|title=Express Group|website=expressgroup.indianexpress.com|access-date=2018-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Ramnath Goenka Journalism Awards ==<br /> To help acknowledge and build excellence in journalism beyond the Express Group, Goenka launched the [[Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards]]. The awards cover a range of categories - from politics and investigation to sport and civic reporting.<br /> <br /> == Social Service ==<br /> The Ramnath Goenka Memorial Trust which is headed by Goenka is active in the fields of wildlife and water conservation. It helps to support education in Adivasi areas of Madhya Pradesh, and education and medical needs of underprivileged children in urban areas.<br /> <br /> == Other interests ==<br /> <br /> === Sports ===<br /> Goenka became Secretary of Tamil Nadu Badminton Association at the age of twenty one. He was the first person to start a prize money, ranking and selection tournament in 1991 for juniors and sub-juniors. This tournament, which Goenka named after his late mother Krishna Khaitan, has become the premier badminton tournament in the country.<br /> <br /> === Cars ===<br /> Goenka has a collection of 4x4s, vintage and classic cars.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.cartoq.com/10-famous-car-crazy-people-of-india-ratan-tata-to-ms-dhoni/|title=10 FAMOUS car crazy people of India: Ratan Tata to MS Dhoni|date=2018-08-09|work=CarToq - India’s #1 auto content site|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://overdrive.in/news-cars-auto/features/collector-viveck-goenka-and-his-land-rovers/|title=Collector: Viveck Goenka and his Land Rovers - Overdrive|website=Overdrive|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edition/agenda/Culture/restoring-old-world-charm-of-cars.html|title=Restoring old-world charm of cars|last=Pioneer|first=The|work=The Pioneer|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; He restores cars&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and those restored cars have also won prizes in competitions including in all 5 editions of the prestigious [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]] [[Concours d'Elegance|Concours de Elegance]] vintage car shows that have been held in India.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/mumbai/vintage-car-rally-brings-out-concerns-of-enthusiasts/article17373349.ece|title=Vintage car rally brings out concerns of enthusiasts|last=Patel|first=Shivam|date=2017-02-27|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-09-04|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/bt-more/vintage-and-classic-cars-as-investment-options/story/16396.html|title=Vintage cars promise capital gains too- Business News|website=www.businesstoday.in|access-date=2018-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Restaurateur ===<br /> He and his daughter have founded The Sassy Spoon&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesassyspoon.in/|title=The Sassy Spoon|website=www.thesassyspoon.in|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; chain of restaurants. The Sassy Teaspoon patisseries are noted for their desserts and pastries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackbook.net.in/media-tycoon-viveck-goenka-and-his-restaurateur-daughter-rachel-form-an-unlikely-recipe/|title=Media tycoon Viveck Goenka and his restaurateur daughter, Rachel, form an unlikely recipe » BlackBook|website=www.blackbook.net.in|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Barazza Bar in Pune and The House of Mandarin in [[Bandra]] ([[Mumbai]]) fall under Goenka's ownership as well.<br /> <br /> == Family and personal life ==<br /> Viveck Goenka is married to Zita Goenka and they have two daughters – [[Rachel Goenka|Rachel]] and Sasha. He has a son – Anant, from a previous marriage. His first wife Ananya lives with his Son Anant.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Goenka, Viveck}}<br /> [[Category:1957 births]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Express Limited people]]<br /> [[Category:Businesspeople from Chennai]]<br /> [[Category:University of Madras alumni]]<br /> [[Category:Indian chief executives]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhilangna_Valley&diff=491147 2026-02-19T15:32:07Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: data</p> <hr /> <div>{{Multiple issues|<br /> {{More citations needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> {{Cleanup|date=December 2024|reason=Add proper inline citations using sources mentioned in the text}}<br /> {{Orphan|date=December 2021}}<br /> {{original research|date=November 2016}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bhilangna Valley''' is located in the [[Himalaya]]n region of India, along the [[Bhilangna River]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |author=Harish Kapadia |authorlink=Harish Kapadia |title=Meeting the Mountains |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xd1Iwwc6AZwC&amp;pg=PA139 |publisher=Indus Publishing |year=1998 |isbn=9788173870859 |pages=139–141}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Bhilangna valley is situated in the Tehri district of Uttarakhand state lies between 30.3743N, 78.78055E to 30.88042N, 78.89864E having an area of 1009.24km2. This area falls under bio geographic zone 2B-Northwest Himalaya (Rodgers et al. 2000).{{cn|date=December 2024}} Ridges of Vasuki-taal, Sahasra-taal and Masar taal surround this valley from east and west respectively. Similarly Khatling glacier and Tharti division lies in north and south respectively. <br /> Climate The Western Himalayan climate varies according to the elevation. It gets colder as the elevation increases and gets wetter as the elevation drops. As a result, the temperature and humidity changes in the Himalayan region very quickly. All of a sudden there can be occurrences of rain, floods, high winds, snowstorms and other types of precipitation. According to the paleo-climatologists, the Miocene led to drastic changes in the vegetation and the contemporary flora has been almost entirely replaced by modern flora (Vishnu-Mittre, 1972, Singh &amp; Singh, 1987, 1992). Extending as an arc for about 2500&amp;nbsp;km from east to west, the Himalaya covers more than 10 degree of latitudes i.e. 270-380N and exhibits an interesting pattern of rainfall from west to east (increasing gradient) and south to north (decreasing gradient). Variation in the rainfall, mean annual temperature and altitude 0are considered key factors governing vegetation types in this region. The richness of the species in the Himalayan region is generally attributed to variation in climate and habitat types (Rau, 1975, Polunin &amp; Stainton, 1984). In general, a rise of 270m in the hills corresponds to a fall of 10C in mean temperature up to 1500m, above which temperature fall is more rapid (Mani, 1974a). In the Himalayas the rate of temperature fall is more rapid in summer than in winter. There are many variations and complexities are in climate as well as complexities of weather accentuated by the relief of land. The variations of exposure to sunlight and to rain bearing winds have the effect of producing very intricate patterns of local climate. In summer months the valleys experience hot steamy tropical climate, while at a distance of about 75&amp;nbsp;km. the great range bears the highest snowfields of the world. Valley winds in narrow valleys and heavy fog during winter in wide valleys are conspicuous features of the region. The zone of maximum precipitation during both summer and winter lies between 1,200 and 2,100m (Nautiyal, 2011).<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord missing|Uttarakhand}}<br /> {{Uttarakhand-geo-stub}}<br /> [[Category:Valleys of Uttarakhand]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Thyagaraja_Festival&diff=494679 2026-02-13T17:28:14Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new basic stub from scratch</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Music and dance festival in Ohio, US}}<br /> The '''Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival''' is a 12-day festival of [[Carnatic music|South Indian classical music]] and [[Bharatanatyam|dance]] in [[Cleveland|Cleveland, Ohio]], and is held each year around [[Easter]] weekend. The festival is a celebration in honor of [[Tyagaraja]], the famous composer of Carnatic music, who composed thousands of devotional compositions, most in Telugu and Sanskrit language . The festival began in 1978, and has since grown to become the largest South Indian classical music and dance festival outside of India.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.cleveland.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2016/03/cleveland_thyagaraja_festival.html|title=Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival (photos)|newspaper=cleveland.com|access-date=2017-02-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; The festival draws its audience from all over the [[United States]], as well as from Canada and other parts of the world.<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> === Beginning ===<br /> In the early 1970s, Cleveland was home to an informal group of Indian immigrants and their families, known as the &quot;Cleveland Bhajan Group&quot;. When [[Ramnad Raghavan]], the noted [[mridangam]] artist from India moved to Cleveland in 1977, he discovered that many members of the group had learned music as children, and wanted to start some activities to revive their interest in music. He suggested starting a [[Tyagaraja Aradhana]] in Cleveland, and offered to train the group to sing Tyagaraja's compositions, as is done in the original [[Tyagaraja Aradhana]] held in [[Thiruvaiyaru|Tiruvaiyyar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Proceedings of the Saint Thyagaraja Music Festival, Cleveland Ohio, 1978-81|last=Tuttle|first=T. Temple|publisher=The Greater Cleveland Ethnographic Museum|year=1982|location=Cleveland, OH|pages=6–8}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At his suggestion,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://dpnelson.web.wesleyan.edu/raghavan.html|title=Ramnad Ragnavan|website=dpnelson.web.wesleyan.edu|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aradhana.org/raghavan.html|title=Past Contributor: Ramnad Sri V. Raghavan|website=www.aradhana.org|language=en|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; V.V. Sundaram, R. Balasubramaniam (&quot;Cleveland Balu&quot;), and Gomathy Balasubramaniam formed the Aradhana Committee to organize and conduct the Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival.<br /> <br /> The first festival was held on April 8, 1978, in the rented hall of Faith United Church of Christ, in [[Richmond Heights, Ohio]]. It included a group performance of the [[Pancharatna Kriti|Pancharathna krithis]], individual singing of Tyagaraja's krithis, followed by a concert in the evening by Saroja Balasubramaniam, from [[Maryland]], to an audience of 75 people.<br /> <br /> === Move to Cleveland State University ===<br /> In the Fall of 1978, Prof. T. Temple Tuttle of [[Cleveland State University]] befriended Ramnad Raghavan after attending a lecture of his at the Niagara chapter of the [[Society for Ethnomusicology]]. They began collaborating on a series of projects, and Prof. Tuttle suggested that the Festival move to the university's campus in order to attract and accommodate a larger audience. Since 1979, the university has been the venue for the Festival.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Starting in 1979, the Festival also started bringing musicians from India to perform, in order to draw a larger audience.<br /> <br /> The festival traditionally started with a brief puja, followed by bhajans sung by the Cleveland Bhajan Group. This was followed by the group singing of the {{lang|sa|pancharathna krithis}}, which was open to everyone attending the festival, including visiting artists. A South Indian lunch prepared by volunteers was served free to all attendees. Anyone who wished to perform a composition of Tyagaraja was given a five-minute slot during the individual singing part of the festival.<br /> <br /> The last program of the day was a full concert performed by a visiting professional musician from India.<br /> <br /> == Growth ==<br /> The festival was regularly conducted during spring break for local schools. Starting in 1987, it was scheduled to align to Easter weekend, which has continued ever since.<br /> <br /> The Aradhana Committee would print invitations and mail them to Indian families across the US and Canada. The Sundaram family and the Balasubramaniam family would host all visiting musicians. In addition, they would connect visitors with local families who would host them, often total strangers, in their homes for the duration of the festival.<br /> <br /> The festival format consisted of just one concert for many years, and would rarely feature two or three, spread over Easter weekend. The first major growth occurred in 1992, when the festival hosted a [[Jugalbandi|jugalbandhi]] featuring [[N. Ramani]], [[U. Srinivas|Mandolin U. Srinivas]], and [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussein]], who were accompanied by [[A. Kanyakumari]] and [[Guruvayoor Dorai]]. That year attracted a massive turnout of people who were new to the festival and drawn by the unique programming. In the following years, the festival also hosted eminent dancers, such as [[Kumari Kamala|Kamala]], [[Vyjayanthimala|Vyjayanthimala Bali]], and dance productions choreographed by Rhadha, such as Jaya Jaya Devi (original music composed by [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]]), and Lakshmi Prabhavam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ravikiranmusic.com/Lakshmiprabhavam.htm|title=r a v i k i r a n m u s i c . c o m|website=www.ravikiranmusic.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; (original music composed by [[N. Ravikiran]]).<br /> <br /> Since then, the festival has regularly featured star musicians and dancers from India, and also commissioned major dance productions with original music compositions, for their world premier in Cleveland.<br /> <br /> By 2002, the festival had grown to span across the entire week following Easter Sunday into the next weekend, with a series of music and dance performances. Notable artists over the years included star performers like [[Nithyasree Mahadevan]], [[Ranjani-Gayatri]], [[Sudha Ragunathan|Sudha Raghunathan]], [[Lalgudi Jayaraman]], [[K. V. Narayanaswamy|K.V. Narayanaswamy]], [[Sanjay Subrahmanyan]], and [[T. M. Krishna|T.M. Krishna]], [[Thiruvarur Bakthavathsalam|Thiruvarur Bhakthavatsalam]], T S Nandakumar, [[Nagai Muralidharan]], [[Mannargudi Easwaran]], [[Srimushnam V. Raja Rao|Srimushnam Raja Rao]], [[S. Sowmya|S.Sowmya]], [[Trichy Sankaran]] as well as stalwarts such as [[T. Muktha]] (in her last public performance), [[Parassala#People|Parassalla Ponnamma]], Thanjavur Sankara Iyer, and Kuzhikkarai Viswalingam.<br /> <br /> The festival also gained a great deal of visibility across the world through regular coverage on Indian television,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.maximummedia.co.in/shows.html|title=SHOWS OF MAXIMUM MEDIA|website=Maximum Media|language=en-IN|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; as well as media partners providing live streaming of the event.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://icarnatic.org/|title=iCarnatic|website=icarnatic|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2019, the centerpiece of the festival, the [[Pancharatna Kriti]] singing in remembrance of Saint Tyagaraja was moved to the [[Wolstein Center]] arena to accommodate the growing audience for the event.<br /> <br /> === Competitions ===<br /> <br /> ==== Music ====<br /> In 1993, the festival started hosting a music competition for children and youth across North America, with visiting musicians from India as the judges. The competitions have grown over the years, and have become the largest Carnatic music competition in the United States, with over 850 entries in 2016. The competition is open to vocalists and instrumentalists (including percussion), and includes advanced categories for improvisation such as [[niraval]] and [[Kalpanaswaram|kalpana swaram]]. The two highest level competitions are the &quot;Concert Competition&quot;, and &quot;Advanced [[Ragam Thanam Pallavi|Pallavi]]&quot;, where the winners receive a performance opportunity in the following year.<br /> <br /> ==== Dance ====<br /> To complement the music competition, the festival also started hosting a [[Bharatanatyam|Bharathanatyam]] competition in 2007, with one age category. The dance competition attracts participants from all over the world, and has grown to include four age categories. It is conducted over two days, with live preliminary rounds on the first day, and finalists chosen to perform on the following day. A grand prize winner is selected across all categories, to perform in India during the [[Madras Music Season|Chennai December season]].<br /> <br /> == Present Day ==<br /> The Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival now takes place over 12 days, beginning the Wednesday before Easter. The majority of the programs presented are Carnatic music concerts.<br /> <br /> The festival includes a variety of musicians, from star performers to rising youngsters, to lesser-known stalwarts. There is a mix of vocalists and instrumentalists, and the committee has made it a point to include veena and nadaswaram artists each year to support these traditional instruments. The festival also started featuring a small number of [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] concerts, since 2012.<br /> <br /> There are also a number of dance performances at the festival. These are mostly Bharathanatyam, but [[Kuchipudi]], [[Kathak]], [[Kathakali]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/5857173/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429111540/http://yourshot.nationalgeographic.com/photos/5857173/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 29, 2015|title=Kathakali - in the air ... Photo by Prasanna Ranganathan — National Geographic Your Shot|website=National Geographic Your Shot|language=en|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mohiniyattam]], [[Odissi]], [[Yakshagana]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; and [[Andhra Natyam]] have also been featured. Many of the dance performances are specially commissioned works, with original music and choreography ([[Ramayana]] in 5 parts, 2011;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/spotlight-on-dance-at-the-cleveland-thyagaraja-festival/article1991143.ece|title=Spotlight on dance at the Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival|last=Ganapathy|first=Lata|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mahabharata|Mahabharatha]] in 5 parts, 2014;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/review-of-jayanthi-subramaniams-panchali-sabadam/article6767880.ece|title=Parable redefined|last=Saranyan|first=Vidya|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bhagavata Purana|Srimad Bhagavatham]] in 5 parts, 2017).<br /> <br /> The festival is notable for the large participation of children and youth.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/music/Budding-talent-in-bloom/article14412502.ece|title=Budding talent in bloom|last=Vijayaraghavan|first=Sujatha|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2017-02-19|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from the music and dance competitions, there are also several concerts presented by music schools that bring large numbers of their students from across North America. Winners from the music and dance competitions are also regularly featured in productions.<br /> <br /> There have also been a number of collaborative programs involving non-Indian musicians, both as a fusion of Indian and Western classical music, as well [[Jazz]] and [[World music|World Music]] concerts.<br /> <br /> The festival was not held in the years 2020-2022 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<br /> <br /> === American Talent ===<br /> In addition to visiting artists from India, the festival also features a number of performers drawn from across the US and Canada. Some are musicians who immigrated from India, and others grew up in North America, came up through the competitions and other initiatives, and took up music or dance seriously as a performing art. These artists have been featured alongside senior musicians from India, and have also conceived and executed programs independently at the behest of the Aradhana Committee to perform in Cleveland, as well as to tour the United States.<br /> <br /> === Education ===<br /> <br /> ==== Sustaining Sampradaya ====<br /> In 2007, the Aradhana Committee launched an educational program called Sustaining Sampradaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Each year, they select children from across the US, and put them through a rigorous six-month training program via video-conferencing, culminating in group performances at the festival in Cleveland. The students are trained by senior musicians in India, and learn compositions that have been transmitted for centuries through an oral tradition.<br /> <br /> The committee makes notations for the compositions, and recordings of the lessons available to [http://www.aradhana.org/sampradaya/ download for free from their web site]. As of 2016, lessons for over 300 unique compositions are available to download.<br /> <br /> ==== Dance Workshop ====<br /> Each year, the festival includes a workshop for students of Indian dance, called Margam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aradhana.org/margam/|title=Margam — A Dance Workshop at the Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival|website=www.aradhana.org|language=en|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; The workshop is conducted by a different dance teacher each year and has spanned several different dance schools. The workshop is usually for Bharatanatyam, but other dance forms such as Kuchipudi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/Kuchipudi-dance-team-floored-by-response-in-US/article16298883.ece|title=Kuchipudi dance team floored by response in US|date=2010-05-07|website=www.thehindu.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Kathak have also been included.<br /> <br /> === Expansion in India ===<br /> Since 2011, the Aradhana Committee has also hosted a festival in [[Chennai]], during the December music season. The festival primarily features American youth performers of classical music and dance, but also includes musicians based in India.<br /> <br /> Through partnerships in India, the committee has also promoted concert performances of Indian-American youth in Chennai sabhas, as well as on national television programs such as Nadaneerajanam in Tirupati.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.svbcttd.com/Nani%20MAIN.html|title=SVBC|website=www.svbcttd.com|access-date=2017-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; The committee has also worked with media organizations to produce television talent shows such as Carnatic Music Idol USA, and Natya Urchavam to showcase American talent to audiences abroad.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[Tyagaraja]]<br /> * [[Tyagaraja Aradhana]]<br /> * [[List of Indian classical music festivals]]<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://www.aradhana.org/ Cleveland Thyagaraja Festival web site]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Cleveland}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1978 establishments in Ohio]]<br /> [[Category:Music festivals established in 1978]]<br /> [[Category:Festivals in Cleveland]]<br /> [[Category:Dance festivals in the United States]]<br /> [[Category:Music festivals in Ohio]]<br /> [[Category:Indian-American culture]]<br /> [[Category:Carnatic classical music festivals]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonam_Narboo&diff=536629 2026-02-08T01:03:21Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding the details w/ refs - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian engineer, administrator, and politician from Ladakh}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | native_name = བསོད་ནམས་ནོར་བུ<br /> | native_name_lang = bo<br /> | awards = {{Awards|[[Padma Shri]]|1961|||}}<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|05|27|df=yes}}<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|1980|2|2|1909|05|27|df=yes}}<br /> | ambassador_from = India<br /> | country = Mongolian People's Republic<br /> | term_start = {{Start date|1971|2|}}<br /> | term_end = {{End date|1975|2|}}<br /> | predecessor = Incumbent<br /> | successor = Yudhishtar Raj Dhawan<br /> | alma_mater = [[University of Punjab]], [[University of Sheffield]]<br /> | occupation = [[engineer]], [[politician]]<br /> | birth_place = Skara<br /> }}<br /> '''Sonam Narboo''', also known as '''Sonam Norbu''' (Tibetan: བསོད་ནམས་ནོར་བུ), was an Indian engineer, administrator, and politician from [[Ladakh]] who played a pivotal role in the region's development. In recognition of his contributions, he was honoured with the [[Padma Shri]] in 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards {{!}} Interactive Dashboard |url=https://dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in/?Field=Civil%20Service&amp;Year=1961-1961&amp;Award=Padma%20Shri&amp;Place=Jammu%20and%20Kashmir |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=dashboard-padmaawards.gov.in |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Attitude at high altitude |url=https://www.theweek.in/health/more/2022/03/23/attitude-at-high-altitude.html |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=The Week |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Early life ==<br /> <br /> Sonam Narboo was born on 27 May 1909,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Wangchuk |first=Rinchen Norbu |date=2019-05-30 |title=This Forgotten Engineer Built The Airstrip That Saved Ladakh From Pakistan |url=https://thebetterindia.com/184059/ladakh-hero-engineer-sonam-norbu-india-pakistan-zojila/ |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=The Better India |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; in Skara, a village near [[Leh]], into a middle-class [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] family known as Nyachu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Remembering Sonam Norbu, a great son of the soil |url=https://www.reachladakh.com/news/oped-page/remembering-sonam-norbu-a-great-son-of-the-soil |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Reachladakh}}&lt;/ref&gt; His parents were farmers, and Narboo was the eldest of five siblings. He completed his early education at the [[University of the Punjab|University of Punjab]] and pursued higher studies in [[England]], earning a degree in civil engineering from the [[University of Sheffield]] in the 1930s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Narboo is remembered for his engineering contributions during the [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948|Kashmir conflict of 1947–1948]], particularly his role in constructing the [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport|Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport (Leh Airfield)]] in 1948.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gupta |first=Anchit |date=2020-07-05 |title=Ladakh's Hero: Sonam Norbu and the Historic Airstrip of 1948 |url=https://iafhistory.in/2020/07/05/construction-of-the-leh-airfield-in-1948/ |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=#IAFHistory |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Under challenging conditions, with limited resources and no modern equipment, Narboo led the construction of the airstrip at one of the highest altitudes in the world.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Stobdan |first=P |date=2019-05-26 |title=SONAM NORBU who saved Ladakh in 1948 |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/History/Great-Indian-Leaders/SONAM-NORBU-who-saved-Ladakh-in-1948-1.aspx |access-date=2024-12-28}}&lt;/ref&gt; The project was completed in just three weeks and proved crucial in securing Ladakh during the tribal invasions supported by [[Pakistan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; This achievement earned him national recognition and the Padma Shri in 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> In February 1971, Narboo was appointed as India’s first [[ambassador]] to the [[Mongolian People's Republic]]. His tenure as ambassador lasted until February 1975.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ministry of External Affairs |url=https://eoi.gov.in/eoisearch/MyPrint.php?1043?001/0010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708180033/https://eoi.gov.in/eoisearch/MyPrint.php?1043?001/0010 |archive-date=2023-07-08 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=eoi.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Upon returning to India, he was inducted into [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]]’s cabinet in 1975 as Minister of Works &amp; Power and Minister of Ladakh Affairs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; During his time in office, Narboo managed infrastructure projects in [[Ladakh]], overseeing portfolios that accounted for over 70% of the state budget.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; His tenure saw Ladakh being opened to international tourism and the establishment of air connectivity in 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Sonam Narboo died on 2 February 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; The Sonam Norbu Memorial Hospital, completed in 1980 and serving as the primary healthcare institution in Leh, is named in his honour.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=SNM |date=2024-02-03 |title=The 43rd Death Anniversary of the Late Padma Shri Sonam Norboo was observed at Sonam Norboo Memorial District Hospital, Leh on February 2, 2024 |url=https://www.snmhospitalleh.com/post/the-43rd-death-anniversary-of-the-late-padma-shri-sonam-norboo-was-observed-at-sonam-norboo-memorial |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=SNM Hospital |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ladakh: Best enjoyed responsibly! |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/ladakh-best-enjoyed-responsibly-2641343 |access-date=2024-12-28 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> &lt;references /&gt;<br /> {{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Civil Service|state=collapsed}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Narboo, Sonam}}<br /> [[Category:1909 births]]<br /> [[Category:1980 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in civil service]]<br /> [[Category:Engineers from Jammu and Kashmir]]<br /> [[Category:Ambassadors of India to Mongolia]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian engineers]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rajavommangi_mandal&diff=528485 2026-02-05T18:00:57Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Rajavommangi mandal<br /> | settlement_type = [[Mandal]]<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{IND}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Polavaram district|Polavaram]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = Population according to 2011 Census<br /> | subdivision_name3 = 39,582<br /> | subdivision_type4 = Number of Villages<br /> | subdivision_name4 = 62<br /> | subdivision_type5 = Area in Sq Km<br /> | subdivision_name5 = 465.41<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=250|frame-height=200|frame-align=center|type=shape|id=|stroke-colour=#C60C30|stroke-width=2|text=Interactive Map Outlining mandal}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Rajavommangi mandal''' is one of the 12 mandals in [[Polavaram district|Polavaram District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. As per census 2011, there are 62 villages in this mandal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=212/east-godavari/|title=List of Mandals of East Godavari District, by Government of Andhra Pradesh|access-date=4 July 2020|archive-date=2 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702174418/https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=212/east-godavari/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Demographics ==<br /> Rajavommangi mandal has total population of 39,582 as per the [[2011 Census of India|2011 Census]] out of which 19,102 are males while 20,480 are females. The average sex ratio is 1072. The total literacy rate is 56%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://eastgodavari.ap.gov.in/census/|title= According to the 2011 Census the population of Mandals Of East Godavari District, by Government of Andhra Pradesh}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Towns and villages ==<br /> <br /> === Villages ===<br /> *1. [[Aminabada, Rajavommangi Mandal|Aminabada]]<br /> *2. [[Ammirekala]]<br /> *3. [[Ananthagiri, Rajavommangi Mandal|Ananthagiri]]<br /> *4. Appannapalem<br /> *5. [[Badadanampalle]]<br /> *6. [[Balijapadu]]<br /> *7. [[Boddagondi|Bodlagondi]]<br /> *8. Bonangipalem<br /> *9. [[Bornagudem]]<br /> *10. Boyapadu<br /> *11. [[Chervukommupalem]]<br /> *12. [[Chikilinta]]<br /> *13. Chinarellangipadu<br /> *14. Dakarayi<br /> *15. Damanapalem<br /> *16. [[Donelapalem]]<br /> *17. Dongala Mallavaram<br /> *18. [[Dusaripamu]]<br /> *19. G Sarabhavaram<br /> *20. [[Gaduvakurthi]]<br /> *21. Ginjerthi<br /> *22. Gobbilamadugu<br /> *23. [[Jaddangi]]<br /> *24. Jeelugulapadu<br /> *25. [[Karudevipalem]]<br /> *26. Kesavaram<br /> *27. Kimiligedda<br /> *28. [[Kindra, Rajavommangi Mandal|Kindra]]<br /> *29. Kirrabu<br /> *30. [[Komarapuram]]<br /> *31. Kondalingamparthi<br /> *32. [[Kondapalle, Rajavommangi Mandal|Kondapalle]]<br /> *33. Kothapalle<br /> *34. [[Labbarthi]]<br /> *35. [[Lagarayi]]<br /> *36. [[Lododdi]]<br /> *37. [[Maredubaka, Rajavommangi Mandal|Maredubaka]]<br /> *38. Marripalem<br /> *39. Munjavarappadu<br /> *40. Murlavanipalem<br /> *41. [[Nellimetla]]<br /> *42. Pakavelthi<br /> *43. Pedagarrangi<br /> *44. Pedarellangipadu<br /> *45. Pudedu<br /> *46. [[Rajavommangi]]<br /> *47. Revatipalem<br /> *48. [[Sarabhavaram, Rajavommangi Mandal|Sarabhavaram]]<br /> *49. [[Singampalle, Rajavommangi Mandal|Singampalle]]<br /> *50. Subbampadu<br /> *51. [[Surampalem, Rajavommangi Mandal|Surampalem]]<br /> *52. Tallapalem<br /> *53. [[Thantikonda, Rajavommangi Mandal|Thantikonda]]<br /> *54. [[Urlakulapadu]]<br /> *55. Vanakarayi<br /> *56. [[Vanchangi]]<br /> *57. [[Vatangi]]<br /> *58. [[Velagalapalem]]<br /> *59. [[Vogipalem]]<br /> *60. Vokurthi<br /> *61. Voyyedu<br /> *62. Yerrampadu&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|title= Villages in Mandals of East Godvari district|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150121141044/http://apland.ap.nic.in/cclaweb/Districts_Alphabetical/EastGodavari.pdf|archive-date= 21 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> *[[List of mandals in Andhra Pradesh]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> {{Polavaram district}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Mandals in Polavaram district]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Couper&diff=500241 2026-02-04T19:35:12Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new basic post and citations</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|British civil servant (1824–1908)}}<br /> {{For|other Couper baronets|Couper baronets}}<br /> &lt;!--as George Couper redirects here--&gt;<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=April 2019}}<br /> [[File:G_E_W_Couper.jpg|thumb|Photograph c. 1880]]<br /> '''Sir George Ebenezer Wilson Couper, 2nd Baronet''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|KCSI|CB|CIE}} (29 April 1824 – 5 March 1908) was a British [[civil servant]] in [[India]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Obituary |work=[[The Times]] |page= 6 |date=7 March 1908 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Debrett's Baronetage and Knightage 1879|date=1879|publisher=Debrett's|page=105|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kuENAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA105|accessdate=29 August 2016|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Biography==<br /> Couper was the eldest son of Colonel [[Sir George Couper, 1st Baronet|Sir George Couper]], Chief Equerry and Comptroller of the Household of [[Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld|Princess Victoria, Duchess of Kent]]. His father was created a baronet in 1841.&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> He was educated at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst (now [[Royal Military Academy Sandhurst]]). He was sent to India in 1846 and joined the Bengal Civil Service. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in the [[1860 Birthday Honours]] while serving as Secretary to the Chief Commissioner of Oude, [[Sir James Outram, 1st Baronet|James Outram]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{London Gazette |issue=22387 |page=1916 |date=18 May 1860 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From 26 July 1876 to 15 February 1877, he was [[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces|Lieutenant-Governor]] of the [[North-Western Provinces]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ The India List and India Office List By India Office, Great Britain #130]&lt;/ref&gt; In 1877, he was created a Knight Commander of the [[Order of the Star of India]] and in 1878 a Companion of the [[Order of the Indian Empire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> From 15 February 1877 to 17 April 1882, he was [[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioners of Oudh|Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=3VQTAAAAYAAJ The India List and India Office List By India Office, Great Britain #131]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Family==<br /> In 1852, he married Caroline Penelope Every, sister of Sir Henry Every, 10th Baronet. He had three sons, who were all in the military, and a daughter, who married [[Frederick William Benson|Sir Frederick William Benson]]. Sir George died in [[Camberley]], aged 84. His eldest son, Ramsay George Henry Couper, succeeded him in the baronetcy.&lt;ref name=&quot;times&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> {{s-gov}}<br /> {{s-bef | before=Sir [[John Strachey (civil servant)|John Strachey]] }}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title=[[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces|Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces]] <br /> | years=26 July 1876 &amp;ndash; 15 February 1877<br /> }}<br /> {{s-non| reason=Merged &lt;small&gt;&lt;br&gt;with&lt;br&gt; [[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioners of Oudh|Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh]]&lt;/small&gt;<br /> }}<br /> {{s-new|post|reason=merging posts of&lt;br&gt;[[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces|Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces]] &lt;br /&gt;&amp;&lt;br /&gt; [[List of Chief Commissioners of Oudh|Chief Commissioner of Oudh]]}}<br /> {{s-ttl<br /> | title=[[List of Lieutenant Governors of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioners of Oudh|Lieutenant Governor of the North-Western Provinces and Chief Commissioner of Oudh]] <br /> | years=15 February 1877 &amp;ndash; 17 April 1882<br /> }}<br /> {{s-aft| after=Sir [[Alfred Comyn Lyall]]}}<br /> {{s-reg|uk-bt}}<br /> {{succession box | title=[[Couper Baronets|Baronet]] | years=1861–1908 | before= [[Sir George Couper, 1st Baronet|George Couper]] | after=[[Sir Ramsay Couper, 3rd Baronet|Ramsay Couper]]}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Couper, George}}<br /> [[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]<br /> [[Category:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers]]<br /> [[Category:Lieutenant-governors of the North-Western Provinces]]<br /> [[Category:Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:1824 births]]<br /> [[Category:1908 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]<br /> [[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]<br /> [[Category:Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire]]<br /> [[Category:British people of the Indian Rebellion of 1857]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bhupinder_Singh_(musician)&diff=472423 2026-01-08T00:50:30Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: minor fixed intro for consistency also and fixed typos</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian ghazal singer (1940–2022)}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}&lt;!--[[WP:STRONGNAT]]--&gt;<br /> {{Infobox musical artist<br /> | name = Bhupinder Singh<br /> | image = Bhupinder Singh singer.jpg<br /> | imagesize = <br /> | caption = Bhupinder Singh in February 2013<br /> | birth_name = <br /> | alias = Bhupi<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1940|02|06}}<br /> | birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[British India]]<br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2022|07|18|1940|02|06}}<br /> | death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]<br /> | spouse = [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> | instrument = [[Guitar]]<br /> | genre = [[Playback singing]]<br /> | occupation = [[Ghazal]] singer and composer<br /> | years_active = 1964–2022<br /> | website = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Bhupinder Singh''' (born '''Bhupinder Soin''', 6 February 1940 – 18 July 2022) was an Indian musician, a [[ghazal]] singer and also a Bollywood playback singer.<br /> <br /> ==Early life==<br /> Bhupinder Singh was born in [[Amritsar]], Punjab to Natha Singhji, a musician and his introducer to music.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Anuj |date=18 July 2022 |title=Bhupinder Singh, the voice of everyman's heartache, passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/veteran-singer-bhupinder-singh-dies-at-82-in-mumbai/article65655798.ece |access-date=19 July 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bhupinder's father was a stern teacher, and at one point, he detested music and its instruments.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 July 2022 |title=Bhupinder Singh Dies At 82: The Legendary Singer Who Introduced Bass, Drums And Guitar To Ghazals |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/-karoge-yaad-to-the-film-journey-of-bhupinder-singh-news-210204 |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]|quote=There was a time he hated music and instruments – thanks to the fact that his father, Professor Natha Singh, a trained vocalist and his early music teacher, was extremely strict. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Music career==<br /> Singh started his career as a casual artist for [[All India Radio]] under the direction of Satish Bhatia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He also worked at [[Doordarshan]] Center, [[New Delhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Manash Firaq |date=19 July 2022 |title=In a Bhupinder Singh State of Mind |url=https://thewire.in/the-arts/in-a-bhupinder-singh-state-of-mind |access-date=19 July 2022 |work=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He also learnt guitar.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; In 1962, music director [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]] heard him at a dinner hosted by Satish Bhatia in his honour (Satish Bhatia was Producer in [[All India Radio|AIR]] Delhi and Singh was working under him as a guitarist), and called him to [[Bombay]]. He was given the opportunity to sing the song ''Hoke Majboor Mujhe Usne Bulaya Hoga'' alongside [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Talat Mahmood]] and [[Manna Dey]] in [[Chetan Anand (producer and director)|Chetan Anand]]'s ''[[Haqeeqat (1964 film)|Haqeeqat]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; He was given a solo by Khayyam in film ''[[Aakhri Khat]]''. Singh's voice is one of the most unique in playback singing.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; He has sung a few popular duets with [[Kishore Kumar]] and [[Mohammed Rafi]].<br /> <br /> Thereafter, Singh started releasing private albums wherein his first LP had three self-composed songs and was released in 1968, a second LP of ghazals wherein he introduced the [[Classical guitar|Spanish guitar]], bass and drums to the ghazal style, released in 1978 and his third LP titled ''Woh Jo Shair Tha'', for which the lyrics were written by Gulzar in 1980.<br /> <br /> Entering wedlock with Bangladeshi singer Mitali, he stopped playback singing in the mid-1980s and began singing jointly for several albums and live concerts. Together, they produced many ghazal and geet cassettes. <br /> <br /> His famous songs include &quot;Dil Dhoondta hai&quot;, &quot;Do diwane shahar mein&quot;, &quot;Naam gum jayega&quot;, &quot;Karoge yaad to&quot;, &quot;Thodi si Zameen Thoda Aasman&quot;, &quot;Meethe bol bole&quot;, &quot;Kabhi kisi ko mukammal&quot;, &quot;Kisi nazar ko tera intezaar aaj bhi&quot;, and &quot;Ek akela is Shehar Mein&quot;. He sang the song Duniya Chute Yaar Na Toote picturized on [[Rajesh Khanna]]. [[R. D. Burman]] made him sing songs like Raat Banoo Mein Geet Bano Tum, Naam Gum Jayega, Kahiya Kahan Se Aana Hua and Beete Na Bitaai Raina which made him famous.<br /> <br /> ==Personal life==<br /> [[File:Bhupinder &amp; Mitali Singh rehearses for their upcoming music album Aksar (2).jpg|thumb|Bhupinder and his wife [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]] rehearse for their upcoming music album ''Aksar''|272x272px]]<br /> In the 80s, Bhupinder married the Bangladeshi singer [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Mukherjee]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.the-south-asian.com/Bhupinder.htm <br /> |title=Bhupinder – Hauntingly 'Hummable'<br /> |date=May 2002<br /> |author=Mukesh Khosla<br /> |work=The South Asian<br /> |access-date=14 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503051927/http://www.the-south-asian.com/Bhupinder.htm <br /> |archive-date=3 May 2006 |url-status=dead <br /> <br /> }}&lt;/ref&gt; Together, they performed ghazal on [[Doordarshan]] and concerts.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Zaman |first=Rana Siddiqui |date=19 July 2022 |title=A personal tribute to Bhupinder Singh (1940–2022) |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/obituary/a-personal-tribute-to-bhupinder-singh-1940-2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |newspaper=[[National Herald]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They have a son named Nihal Singh who is also a musician.<br /> <br /> At the age of 82, Singh died of a [[cardiac arrest]] on 18 July 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Khurana |first1=Suanshu |last2=Naik |first2=Yogesh |title=Singer Bhupinder Singh passes away at 82 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/music/singer-bhupinder-singh-passes-away-8037539/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=19 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He suffered from COVID-19 and colon cancer was also suspected.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=18 July 2022 |title=Veteran singer Bhupinder Singh dies aged 82 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=http://www.ptinews.com/news/13541464_Veteran-singer-Bhupinder-Singh-dies-aged-82.html |access-date=19 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Discography==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Album !! Year !! Details<br /> |-<br /> |Dream Sellers||1980|| Includes various songs from Bollywood movies he had already sung before.<br /> |-<br /> |''Aarzoo''|| || With [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Chandani Raat''|| || With [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Gulmohar''|| || With [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Ghazal Ke Phool''|| || With [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Ek Arzoo''||2004|| With Mitali Mukherjee Singh. &lt;br&gt;Label: [[Super Cassettes Industries T-Series|T-Series]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Surmayi Raat''&lt;ref name=&quot;surmayi_raat&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.aninews.in/videogallery4/13409-surmayi-raat-with-gulzar-and-bhupinder-singh.html<br /> |title=Surmayi Raat with Gulzar and Bhupinder Singh<br /> |access-date=17 July 2013<br /> |url-status=dead<br /> |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091638/http://www.aninews.in/videogallery4/13409-surmayi-raat-with-gulzar-and-bhupinder-singh.html<br /> |archive-date=4 March 2016<br /> }}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt;||2013|| With [[Gulzar]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Anand Lok Meh''<br /> |2014<br /> |With [[Mitali Mukherjee (singer)|Mitali Singh]]<br /> |-<br /> |''Yaad-E-Mehboob''|| || With [[Jagjit Singh]], [[Chitra Singh]] and others.<br /> |-<br /> |''Meri Aawaaz Hi Pehchan Hai''|| || Two songs with [[Lata Mangeshkar]]. &lt;br&gt; Album Artists: [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Mohammed Rafi]], [[Lata Mangeshkar]], Bhupinder Singh, [[Babla Mehta]] and [[Shailendra Singh (singer)|Shailendra Singh]].&lt;br&gt; Label: Saregama <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Popular songs==<br /> <br /> ===As guitarist===<br /> * ''[[Dum Maro Dum (song)|Dum Maro Dum]]'' ([[Hare Rama Hare Krishna (1971 film)|Hare Rama Hare Krishna]]), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''Ek Hi Khwaab'', composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''Waadiyaan Meraa Daaman'' (Abhilasha), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''[[Churaliya hai tumne jo dil ko|Chura liya hai]]'' ([[Yaadon Ki Baaraat]]), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''Chingari Koi Bhadke'' ([[Amar Prem]]), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''Chalte Chalte'' ([[Chalte Chalte (1976 film)|Chalte Chalte]]), composed by Bappi Lahiri<br /> * ''Mehbooba O Mehbooba'' ([[Sholay]]), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * ''Ambar ki ek paak surahi'' (Kadambari), composed by Ustad [[Vilayat Khan]]<br /> * ''Tum jo mil gaye ho'' (Hanste Zakhm), composed by [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]]<br /> <br /> ===As playback singer===<br /> * &quot;Hoke Majboor Mujhe Usne Bulaya Hoga&quot;, composed by [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]]<br /> * &quot;Aane Se Uske Aaye Bahar&quot; from the movie [[Jeene Ki Raah]] (1969) with [[Mohammed Rafi]] (Music composed by [[Laxmikant-Pyarelal]])<br /> * &quot;Duniya Chhute Yaar Na Chhute&quot; from the movie [[Dharam Kanta]] (1982) with [[Mohammed Rafi]] (Music composed by [[Naushad]])<br /> * &quot;Kisi Nazar Ko Tera Intezar Aaj Bhi Hai&quot; from the movie [[Aitbaar]] (1985) with [[Asha Bhosle]] (Music composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]])<br /> * &quot;Awaaz Di Hai Aaj Ek Nazar Ne&quot; from the movie [[Aitbaar]] (1985) with [[Asha Bhosle]] (Music composed by [[Bappi Lahiri]])<br /> * &quot;Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Aasman&quot; from the movie [[Sitara (1980 film)|Sitara]] (1980) with [[Lata Mangeshkar]] (Music composed by [[R. D. Burman]]) <br /> * &quot;Gulab Jism Ka&quot;, film ''[[Anjuman (1986 film)|Anjuman]]'' (1986) (composed by [[Khayyam (composer)|Khayyam]])<br /> * &quot;Beeti Na Beetai Raina&quot;, film ''[[Parichay (1972 film)|Parichay]]'' (1972) (composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]])<br /> * &quot;Dil Dhoondta Hai&quot;, film ''[[Mausam (1975 film)|Mausam]]'' (1975) (composed by [[Madan Mohan (music director)|Madan Mohan]])<br /> * &quot;Naam Gum Jayega&quot;, film ''[[Kinara (1977 film)|Kinara]]'' (1977) (composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]])<br /> * &quot;Ek Akela Is Shaher Mein&quot;, film ''[[Gharonda]]'' (composed by [[Jaidev]])<br /> * &quot;Daro Deewar Pe/Khush Raho Ahle Vatan ''[[Aandolan|Andolan]]'' (1977) composed by [[Jaidev]]<br /> * &quot;Huzoor Is Kadar bhi na Itra ke Chaliye&quot; (movie:-Maasoom), composed by [[Rahul Dev Burman]]<br /> * &quot;Hothon Pe Aisi Baat&quot; [[Jewel Thief (1967 film)|Jewel Thief]] (1967) composed by [[Sachin Dev Burman]]<br /> * &quot;Kaise Kahoon&quot; &amp; &quot;Paduthamma Kaatrin Alaigal&quot;(Title Track) from Tamil film [[Nandu (film)|Nandu]] 1981, composed by [[Ilayaraja]]<br /> * &quot;Tum say jo bat hui tum say jo mulaqat hui&quot; (composed by Uttam-Jagdesh)<br /> * &quot;Baadalon se Kaat Kaat ke&quot; from the movie Satya (1998) (composed by Vishal Bharadwaj)<br /> * &quot;Karoge Yaad to Har Baat Yaad Aayegi&quot; from the movie Bazaar (1982) composed by Khayyam<br /> * &quot;Kabhi Kisi Ko Mukammal Jahan nahi milta&quot; from the movie Ahista Ahista (1981) (composed by [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]])<br /> * &quot;Rut Jawan Jawan&quot; from the movie Aakhri Khat (composed by [[Mohammed Zahur Khayyam|Khayyam]])<br /> * &quot;Layee Hayaat Aye Qaza Le Chali Chale&quot; { Bhupinder Singh } Ibrahim Zauq *Mirza Ghalib<br /> * &quot;Zindagi Zindagi Mere Ghar Aanaa&quot;, film ''[[Dooriyaan]]'' (1979) (composed by [[Jaidev]])<br /> * &quot;Soorajmukhi Tera Pyar Anokha Hai&quot;, film &quot;Sooraj Mukhi&quot; (1992), lyrics by Shardanand Tiwary and composed by Ajay Swami.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{IMDb name | id=1774868 | name = Bhupinder Singh }}<br /> * [http://www.hindigeetmala.com/lyricist/ramprasad_bismil.php Ramprasad Bismil] at hindigeetmala.com<br /> * [http://www.bhupindermitali.com Official Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405013751/http://www.bhupindermitali.com/ |date=5 April 2015 }}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Bhupinder}}<br /> [[Category:1940 births]]<br /> [[Category:2022 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male playback singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian male ghazal singers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian guitarists]]<br /> [[Category:Musicians from Amritsar]]<br /> [[Category:Singers from Punjab, India]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]<br /> [[Category:Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in India]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Veerendra_Singh_Lodhi&diff=543964 2026-01-05T18:51:35Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding a bio nd citations - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}<br /> '''Veerendra Singh Lodhi (Lambardar)''' (born 1973) is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. He is an MLA of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Banda, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency]] of [[Sagar district]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Banda, Madhya Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: Banda सीट पर Veerendra Singh Lodhi ने Tarvar Singh Lodhi bantu Bhaiya कोहराया |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/banda-madhya-pradesh-assembly-election-results-2023-live-1830181-2023-12-03 |website=Aaj Tak}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Banda Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp के Veerendra Singh Lodhi की हुई जीत, Bsp के Kunwar Ranjor Singh Bundela रहें दूसरे नंबर पर |url=https://www.abplive.com/elections/banda-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-bsp-aap-mp-assembly-election-results-news-2550858 |website=ABP News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Veerendra Singh Lodhi (Lambardar)(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BANDA(SAGAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=2590 |website=My Neta}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Early life and education ==<br /> Lodhi resides in Banda. HIs father Shivraj Singh Thakur is a farmer. He is a retired teacher. He completed his Post Graduate in Social sciences in 1998 from Rajiv Gandhi Government College Banda, Sagar district. Later, he did a Diploma in D.Ed. in 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> He won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] defeating [[Tarvar Lodhi|Tarwar Singh Lodhi]] of [[Indian National Congress]]. Veerendra polled 90,911 votes and won with bya margin of 34,751 votes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Banda Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Veerendra Singh Lodhi defeats INC's Tarvar Singh Lodhi bantu Bhaiya with 34751 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/banda-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470409-2023-12-03 |website=India Today}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.business-standard.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-elections/veerendra-singh-lodhi-candidate-27423&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh Election Constituencies 2023: Full List of MP Assembly Seats, Candidates and Winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/madhya-pradesh/constituencies-list |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Lodhi, Veerendra Singh}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]<br /> [[Category:1973 births]]<br /> <br /> {{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poison_Control_Centre_at_Amrita_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences&diff=525768 2025-12-18T09:34:23Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: creating initial details first draft</p> <hr /> <div>{{Third-party|date=May 2024}}<br /> {{Short description|Poison Control Centre in AIMS}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Poison Control Centre, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Research<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image = Amrita Hospital Kochi.jpg<br /> | caption = PCC, AIMS Kochi<br /> | type = Private, Deemed University<br /> | established = 2003<br /> | accreditation = NABL<br /> | head = Dr. V. V. Pillay<br /> | city = Kochi, Kerala 682041<br /> | country = India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|10.0328|76.293|type:edu_region:}}<br /> | campus_type = Urban<br /> | website = https://www.amritahospitals.org/kochi/department/speciality-departments/poison-control-centre<br /> }}<br /> The '''''Poison Control Centre''''' at [[Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences|Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS)]] in [[Cochin, India]], is a specialised [[toxicology]] facility dedicated to managing poison-related emergencies, toxic exposures, and [[chemical hazard]]s. The centre plays a pivotal role in the prompt diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of poisoning cases, providing essential support to both [[healthcare professionals]] and the general public.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences &amp; Research Center Archives - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham |url=https://www.amrita.edu/tag/amrita-institute-of-medical-sciences-research-center |access-date=2023-10-25 |website=www.amrita.edu |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> The [[Poison control center|Poison Control Centre]] at AIMS was established in 2003 and became fully operational in January 2005&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-02-28 |title=Five-year Survey of Toxicological Testing of Clinical Body Fluid Samples at the Poison Control Centre in the Indian State of Kerala - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham |url=https://www.amrita.edu/publication/five-year-survey-of-toxicological-testing-of-clinical-body-fluid-samples-at-the-poison-control-centre-in-the-indian-state-of-kerala/ |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=www.amrita.edu |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; to address the growing need for comprehensive poison control services in the region. Since its inception, it has been actively involved in poison management, offering guidance and treatment for cases of accidental poisonings, [[overdoses]], and exposures to [[toxic substances]]. It is one of the few Poison Control Centres (PCCs) in [[India]] listed in the [[World Health Organization]]'s Global Directory of Poison Control Centers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Minj |first=Kimee |date=2022-08-17 |title=In Conversation with Dr. V. V. Pillay, Chief of Poison Control Centre &amp; Head of Analytical Toxicology, AIMS, Cochin, Kerala |url=https://legaldesire.com/in-conversation-with-dr-v-v-pillay-chief-of-poison-control-centre-head-of-analytical-toxicology-cochin-kerala/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=Legal Desire Media and Insights |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=Poison Centers |url=https://apps.who.int/poisoncentres/PoisonCentres_201902.pdf |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=World Health Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt; The centre is accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories ([[National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories|NABL]])&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-12-10 |title=National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) - Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham |url=https://www.amrita.edu/iqac/nabl/ |access-date=2023-11-21 |website=www.amrita.edu |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; as part of the overall clinical laboratory services of [[Amrita Hospital, Kochi|Amrita Hospital]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> It is listed as a public facility and operates 24 hours a day in the World Health Organization's directory of poison control centres.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Mission and objectives ==<br /> The primary mission of the Poison Control Centre (PCC) is to provide up-to-date and comprehensive information on poisons, poisoning, and analytical toxicology to hospitals, medical practitioners, and the general public. It aims to facilitate prompt and informed responses to poison-related incidents. The facility integrates information resources, analytical capabilities, and research initiatives.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amrita Hospital Poison Control Centre Mission and Objectives |url=https://www.amritahospitals.org/kochi/department/speciality-departments/poison-control-centre |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Amrita Hospital Poison Control Centre}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Types of samples processed ==<br /> [[File:Toxicology Lab.jpg|thumb|Toxicology testing of sample]]<br /> <br /> [[Body fluid]]s such as blood, urine, and stomach contents (e.g., vomitus),&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; as well as [[Product (business)|commercial products]] like medicines and food samples, are analysed to detect the presence of poisons or [[drug]]s.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Both routine and [[Medico-legal|medicolegal]] cases are handled; however, [[viscera]] samples from forensic cases are usually not accepted. The department utilises the TOXBASE (UK) toxicology database, which contains information on hundreds of poisonous substances encountered worldwide. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=24/7 Poison Control Centre at Amrita Hospital, Cochin, Kerala {{!}} Critical Care |url=https://www.amritahospitals.org/kochi/department/speciality-departments/poison-control-centre |access-date=2025-12-18 |website=www.amritahospitals.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Initiatives ==<br /> The Centre is actively involved in developing a unique toxicology database tailored to the specific needs of doctors and hospitals across India. This initiative aims to enhance the effectiveness of managing poisoning and overdose cases.<br /> <br /> The Centre's staff contribute to the toxicology fraternity by participating in and organising activities under the Indian Society of Toxicology (IST),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Indian Society of Toxicology |url=https://www.indiansocietyoftoxicology.com/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=www.indiansocietyoftoxicology.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; a national professional organisation dedicated to promoting academics and research in toxicology. The existing analytical toxicology laboratory will be expanded further to enable the analysis of a wider range of toxicants in living victims of poisoning, as well as serve as a referral centre for forensic cases. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Centre has the capability to answer virtually any query related to poisons/poisoning/drug overdose/substance abuse/envenomation posed by hospitals, government doctors, private practitioners, as well as the lay public. <br /> <br /> The Centre has an advisory role in the Kerala State Disaster Management Authority, and periodic training is given to medical officers in the industrial sector with regard to responding to a chemical emergency. <br /> <br /> The staff also contribute to managing and publishing peer-reviewed articles in indexed journals for ongoing research in the field. The ''Journal of Indian Society of Toxicology'' (JIST)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About JIST |url=https://jistox.in/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=jistox.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; is a peer-reviewed publication that ensures the scientific merit and toxicological significance of its diverse content. It has been the official publication of the Indian Society of Toxicology (IST) since 2005.<br /> <br /> The main aim of JIST is to publish timely, peer-reviewed, and high-quality research works in toxicology and disseminate research findings. The publication language is English, and it is published biannually. The International Standard Serial Number ([[ISSN]]) details are as follows:<br /> <br /> ISSN (Print): 0973-3558<br /> <br /> ISSN (Electronic): 0973-3566<br /> <br /> ISSN (Linking): 0973-3558<br /> <br /> The [[Medical Subject Headings|MeSH]] terms associated with JIST are ''Hazardous Substances/poisoning, Poisoning, and Toxicology''.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Poison control centers]]<br /> [[Category:Health in India]]<br /> [[Category:Science and technology in Kochi]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucknow_Outer_Ring_Road_(NH_230)&diff=513712 2025-12-04T00:44:37Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Lucknow Outer Ring Road }}<br /> {{For|NH 230|Outer Ring Road, Kanpur}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2017}}<br /> {{infobox road<br /> | country = IND<br /> | type = NH<br /> | route = 230<br /> | map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|zoom=9|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3|id= Q25352227|title=Lucknow Outer Ring Road (NH230)}}<br /> | map_custom = yes<br /> | map_notes = Lucknow outer ring road in red<br /> | length_km = 104<br /> | established = 2023-06<br /> | direction_a = <br /> | direction_b = <br /> | terminus_a = [[Bakshi ka Talab]]<br /> | terminus_b = [[Bakshi ka Talab]]<br /> | previous_type = NH<br /> | next_type = NH<br /> | previous_route = 30<br /> | next_route = 30<br /> | states = Uttar Pradesh<br /> | destinations = [[Chinhat]]<br /> | photo = Renumbered National Highways map of India (Schematic).jpg<br /> | photo_notes = Schematic map of National Highways in India<br /> | junction = NH-27 / NH-731 / NH-30 / NH-27<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''National Highway 230''' ('''NH 230'''), also known as '''Kisan Path''' or '''Lucknow Outer Ring Road''' is [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] in Uttar Pradesh, [[India]] which also includes sections of Lucknow Inner Ring Road.&lt;ref name=&quot;renumber&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=3 April 2012|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''' The Lucknow outer ring road is an 8 lane that expand to 10 lanes at key junctions and 104 km long quadruple carriageway (2*4 lanes)'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.knocksense.com/lucknow/lucknows-pivotal-project-outer-ring-road-all-set-to-be-inaugurated-in-march | title=Lucknow's pivotal project, Outer Ring Road all set to be inaugurated in March | date=28 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt; road project with a speed limit of 100kmph for Light Vehicles and 80kmph for Heavy vehicles. The '''6 lane 11 km long stretch''' between Kursi Road to Sultanpur road ('''Kisan Path''') has been constructed by the NHAI. This Ring Road has multiple '''6 lane flyovers''' for smooth and swift commuting of the travellers. This Outer Ring Road will play a major role in the establishment of the '''Lucknow State Capital Region or the Uttar Pradesh State Capital Region''' as many IT cities, Housing Societies, Integrated Mega-Townships, Wellness City, Educational Hubs, and Commercial Hubs etc. across Multiple thousands of acres of land are proposed to be established around this Ring Road. It is set to offload nearly 1.60 lakh vehicles off the main roads of the city of Lucknow as of now.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/ring-road-to-offload-1-60-lakh-vehicles-from-lucknow-roads-101708972797238-amp.html | title=Ring road to offload 1.60 lakh vehicles from Lucknow roads | work=Hindustan Times | date=27 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Lucknow_ORR_8_lane.jpg|alt=8 lane Lucknow ORR Carriageway (2*4 Lanes)|center|8 lane Lucknow ORR quadruple Carriageway (2*4 Lanes).|thumb|220x220px]]<br /> [[File:Lucknow ORR 8 lane Droneview.jpg|alt=Lucknow ORR 8 lane Carriageway Drone view|center|Lucknow ORR 8 lane quadruple Carriageway Drone view.|thumb|220x220px]]<br /> [[File:6 lane Kisan Path between Sultanpur Road and Ayodhya Road, Lucknow.jpg|alt=6 lane Kisan Path between Sultanpur Road and Ayodhya Road, Lucknow|center|6 lane Kisan Path between Sultanpur Road and Ayodhya Road, Lucknow.|thumb|220x220px]]<br /> [[File:6 lane Cloverleaf Interchange.jpg|alt=6 lane Kisan Path Cloverleaf Interchange at Ayodhya Road, Lucknow|center|thumb|600x600px|6 lane Kisan Path Cloverleaf Interchange at Ayodhya Road, Lucknow.]]<br /> <br /> ==Construction==<br /> The [[NHAI]] had divided the construction work of Lucknow outer ring road (NH-230) under 2 Phases into multiple packages.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/metro/lucknow/development/outer-ring-road-lucknow-construction-work-details-deadline-kisan-path-know-every-details/articleshow/98086686.cms |title=लखनऊ आउटर रिंग रोड कब होगा शुरू, कहां तक पहुंचा काम, एक क्लिक पर जानिए सारी डिटेल |date=20 February 2023 |work=Navbharat Times }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * '''Phase - 1'''<br /> The first phase included the development from [[Bakshi Ka Talab]] (BKT) to Asti Road, Sultanpur Road, Behta Road, Sitapur Road, Kursi Road, Ayodhya Road, Indira Canal, Mohanlalganj and Kanpur Road near Daroga Khera.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=60%<br /> !Sr. No.<br /> !Package <br /> !Length in [[km]]<br /> !Contractor<br /> |-<br /> | 1.<br /> | Sultanpur road to Behta road<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|31.75<br /> | PNC Infratech <br /> |-<br /> | 2.<br /> | Behta road to Sitapur road<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|32.89<br /> | <br /> |-<br /> | 3A.<br /> | Sitapur road to Kursi road<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|14.62<br /> | [[Dineshchandra R. Agrawal Infracon|DRA Infracon]]<br /> |-<br /> | 3B.<br /> | Kursi road to Faizabad road<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|14.70<br /> | DRA Infracon<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * '''Phase - 2'''<br /> In the second phase, construction was carried out from Daroga Khera on Kanpur Road to BKT via Mohan and Kakori Road.<br /> <br /> ==Status updates==<br /> * Mar 2019: 15 km of the road project was completed and inaugurated.<br /> * May 2020: Work on rest of road project progressing.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-outer-ring-road-sultanpur-road-to-kanpur-road-work-started-3189337.html|title=आउटर रिंग रोड: सुल्तानपुर रोड से कानपुर रोड का काम शुरू}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Oct 2020: Outer ring road to be ready by December 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/outer-ring-road-to-be-ready-by-dec-next-year/articleshow/78778391.cms|title = Lucknow: 'Outer ring road to be ready by December next year' &amp;#124; Lucknow News - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| date=21 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Oct 2021: Work on the remaining 76 km of outer ring road is progressing and is expected to be completed by June 2022.<br /> * Feb 2022: After six months the ring road is ready, with the work going very fast. Earthworks from Agra Expressway to Hardoi Road have almost been completed.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/lucknow/story-outer-ring-road-work-started-on-agra-expressway-and-flyover-near-kakori-4901094.html|title = आउटर रिंग रोड: आगरा एक्सप्रेस-वे व काकोरी के पास फ्लाईओवर बनाने का काम शुरू}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Mar 2024: Inauguration of completed parts with a patch from Mohan Road to BKT still inoperative. Construction for the patch is almost complete and should be operational within a few months.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-11 |title=After 7 years, Lucknow finally gets Outer Ring Road |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/after-7-years-lucknow-finally-gets-outer-ring-road-101710179991514.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of national highways in India]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian Highways Network}}<br /> {{IND NH30 sr}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:National highways in Uttar Pradesh]]<br /> [[Category:Transport in Lucknow]]<br /> [[Category:National highways of India]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-NH-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Longphong&diff=513566 2025-11-28T01:28:43Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new a entry</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Arunachal Pradesh, India}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Longphong&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Longphong village |url=https://vill.co.in/arunachal-pradesh/tirap/longding-254016900/longphong-016902645330/ |website=vill.co.in |access-date=12 July 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | other_name = <br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | settlement_type = Village<br /> | etymology = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Arunachal Pradesh#India<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Map of Arunachal Pradesh<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.77808|95.282257|display=inline,title}}<br /> | coordinates_footnotes = <br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Arunachal Pradesh]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Tirap district|Tirap]]<br /> | subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]<br /> | subdivision_name3 = Longding<br /> | established_title = <br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | seat_type = <br /> | seat = <br /> | leader_party = <br /> | leader_title = <br /> | leader_name = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_total = 1174<br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Wancho language|Wancho]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = Postal code<br /> | postal_code = 786631<br /> | area_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]] --&gt;<br /> | area_code = <br /> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code<br /> | blank_info_sec1 = 264533<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = Tirap district<br /> | area_total_ha = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Longphong''' is a census village in Longding circle of [[Tirap district]] in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteers |publisher=Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh |year=1978 |location=Shillong |pages=231 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Longphong is 78&amp;nbsp;km from [[Khonsa]], the district headquarters. In the [[2011 Census of India]], it had a population of 1,174 people including 493 males and 681 females.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Longphong Population |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Arunachal_Pradesh/Tirap/Longding/Longphong |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712133534/https://www.indiagrowing.com/Arunachal_Pradesh/Tirap/Longding/Longphong |url-status=usurped |archive-date=July 12, 2022 |website=IndiaGrowing |access-date=12 July 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Longphong is mainly populated by [[Wancho Naga|Wancho]] tribal people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mann |first=Rann Singh |title=Tribal Cultures and Change |last2=Mann |first2=K |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |isbn=9789990056730 |location=New Delhi, India |pages=271 |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Arunachal: Laichat Paul Wangpan becomes first Wancho to be Army officer |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-laichat-paul-wangpan-becomes-first-wancho-to-be-army-officer.html |access-date=12 July 2022 |publisher=Northeast Now |date=13 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Longphong has a disturbance of poppy cultivation&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Poppy fields destroyed in Longding |url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2021/04/17/poppy-fields-destroyed-in-longding/ |access-date=12 July 2022 |publisher=The Arunachal Times |date=17 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; and militancy activities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kalantri |first1=Rishu |title=Arunachal MLA murder: NSCN (IM) militant wanted by NIA arrested |url=https://www.eastmojo.com/news/2020/05/14/arunachal-mla-murder-nscn-im-militant-wanted-by-nia-arrested/ |access-date=12 July 2022 |work=EastMojo |publisher=EastMojo |date=14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> <br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Draft-Class Indian geography pages]]<br /> [[Category:Draft-Class geography pages]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{India-geo-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_accolades_received_by_Devdas_(2002_Hindi_film)&diff=512764 2025-11-12T01:21:09Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new new data.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=March 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}<br /> {{DISPLAYTITLE:List of accolades received by ''Devdas'' (2002 Hindi film)}}<br /> {{Infobox awards list<br /> | name = ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]''<br /> | image = Devdas CD-Rom Release.jpg<br /> | caption = [[Shah Rukh Khan]] (left) and [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]] garnered several awards and nominations for their performances in ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002).<br /> | alt = Shah Rukh Khan and Aishwarya Rai Bachchan posing for the camera.<br /> | wins = 69<br /> | nominations = 106<br /> | award1 = [[Bollywood Movie Awards]]<br /> | award1W = 10<br /> | award1N = 18<br /> | award2 = [[British Academy Film Awards]]<br /> | award2W = 0<br /> | award2N = 1<br /> | award3 = [[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> | award3W = 11<br /> | award3N = 17<br /> | award4 = [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br /> | award4W = 16<br /> | award4N = 17<br /> | award5 = [[MTV Asia Awards]]<br /> | award5W = 1<br /> | award5N = 1<br /> | award6 = [[National Film Awards]]<br /> | award6W = 5<br /> | award6N = 5<br /> | award7 = [[Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards]]<br /> | award7W = 8<br /> | award7N = 15<br /> | award8 = [[Screen Awards]]<br /> | award8W = 10<br /> | award8N = 21<br /> | award9 = [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br /> | award9W = 8<br /> | award9N = 11<br /> }}<br /> ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' is a 2002 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] romantic drama film directed by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]. It stars [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]] and [[Madhuri Dixit]], while [[Kirron Kher]], [[Smita Jaykar]] and [[Vijayendra Ghatge]] play supporting roles.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2002 |title=The characters: Supporting cast |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://devdas.indiatimes.com/csupport.htm |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020811090927/http://devdas.indiatimes.com/csupport.htm |archive-date=11 August 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film's story focuses on Devdas (Khan), a [[Bachelor of Laws|Bachelor of Law]] student who later becomes an alcoholic after his family rejects his relationship with Paro (Rai Bachchan), Devdas' childhood friend.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |author-link=Sukanya Verma |date=13 July 2002 |title=Devdas revisited |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/13devdas.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063028/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/13devdas.htm |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film was produced by [[Bharat Shah]] for his company Mega Bollywood, and its screenplay was written by Bhansali and Prakash Ranjit Kapadia, who also wrote the dialogue. The [[Devdas (soundtrack)|soundtrack]] for ''Devdas'' was composed by [[Ismail Darbar]] and [[Birju Maharaj]], who co-wrote the lyrics with [[Nusrat Badr]] and [[Sameer Anjaan]]. [[Binod Pradhan]] and Bela Sehgal completed the cinematography and editing, respectively, while [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] handled the production design.&lt;ref name=&quot;BH&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devdas: Cast &amp; Crew |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/cast/6888/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060110112436/http://www.indiafm.com/movies/cast/6888/index.html |archive-date=10 January 2006 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Devdas: Cast &amp; Crew |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=591 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926180601/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/cast_crew.php?movieid=591 |archive-date=26 September 2020 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Made on a budget of {{INRConvert|500|m|lk=on}},&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=30 August 2002 |title=Cut cinema costs |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/cut-cinema-costs/article27866697.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063028/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/cut-cinema-costs/article27866697.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Devdas'' premiered at the [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]] on 23 May 2002 and was released worldwide on 12 July that year.&lt;ref name=&quot;BH&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Bhasakaran |first=Gautaman |date=22 May 2003 |title=Cannes' tribute to Raj Kapoor |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/cannes-tribute-to-raj-kapoor/article27848609.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065518/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/cannes-tribute-to-raj-kapoor/article27848609.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; It received mixed reviews from critics,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=G. |first=Krishnakumar |date=12 July 2002 |title=Mixed bag for Devdas |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/mixed-bag-for-devdas/article28603471.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065456/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/mixed-bag-for-devdas/article28603471.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; but emerged as the highest-grossing Indian film of the year, earning {{INRConvert|998.8|m}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top Worldwide Grossers 2002 |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2002 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065513/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/worldwide-total-gross.php?year=2002 |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=Box Office India}}&lt;/ref&gt; The film won 61 awards from 91 nominations; its direction, music, performances of the cast members, screenplay, cinematography, choreography, costumes and production design have received the most attention from award groups.<br /> <br /> ''Devdas'' received a nomination for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language|Best Film Not in the English Language]] from the [[56th British Academy Film Awards]]. At the [[50th National Film Awards]], it won five trophies, including [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]. The film won eleven awards at the [[48th Filmfare Awards]], including [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Bhansali), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Khan), [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Rai Bachchan) and [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Dixit). In the [[4th IIFA Awards|fourth iteration]] of the [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]], the film garnered seventeen nominations, going on to win sixteen categories, including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (Bhansali), [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (Khan), [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (Rai Bachchan) and [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (Kher).<br /> <br /> ==Awards and nominations==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+ {{sronly|List of accolades received by ''Devdas''}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Award<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Recipient(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;18&quot; | [[Bollywood Movie Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;18&quot; | 3 May 2003<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | [[Bharat Shah]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;18&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Perappadan |first=Bindu Shajan |date=16 March 2003 |title=Another mega star awards show |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/another-mega-star-awards-show/article28636969.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065457/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-life/another-mega-star-awards-show/article28636969.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Winners of Bollywood Movie Awards |url=http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102124901/http://www.bollywoodawards.com/winba9.php |archive-date=2 November 2013 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=[[Bollywood Movie Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodawards.com:80/nominees.htm |title=March 12th 2003 press release: Nominees for Bollywood Awards chosen by fans |date=12 March 2003 |website=Bollywood Movie Awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030419175517/http://www.bollywoodawards.com/nominees.htm |archive-date=19 April 2003 |access-date=24 April 2021 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{sort|Khan|[[Shah Rukh Khan]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award – Critics Award Male|Best Actor (Critics)]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Most Sensational Actor|Most Sensational Actor]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|[[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award – Critics Award Female|Best Actress (Critics)]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Most Sensational Actress|Most Sensational Actress]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Kher|[[Kirron Kher]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|[[Ismail Darbar]]}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | {{sort|Badr|[[Nusrat Badr]]}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;[[Dola Re Dola]]&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Playback Singer Female|Best Playback Singer&amp;nbsp;– Female]]<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|[[Kavita Krishnamurthy]]}} (for {{sort|Maar|&quot;Maar Daala&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|[[Shreya Ghoshal]]}} (for {{sort|Bairi|&quot;[[Bairi Piya]]&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|[[Saroj Khan]]}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Cinematography<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|[[Binod Pradhan]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bollywood Movie Award&amp;nbsp;– Best Costume Designer|Best Costume Designer]]<br /> | {{sort|Lulla|[[Neeta Lulla]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Editing<br /> | {{sort|Sehgal|Bela Sehgal}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Screenplay<br /> | {{sort|Kapadia|Prakash Ranjit Kapadia}}, {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> &lt;!-- |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Bollywood Music Awards<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 11 November 2003<br /> | Best Music Director<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 November 2003 |title=Bollywood Music Awards 2003 |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2003/11/bollywood_music_awards_2003.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031121230141/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/films/bollywood/2003/11/bollywood_music_awards_2003.shtml |archive-date=21 November 2003 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shourie |first=Dharam |date=10 November 2002 |title=NRIs vote for 'Devdas' in Bollywood music awards |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/nov/10film1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050427011520/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/nov/10film1.htm |archive-date=27 April 2005 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=Rediff.com |location=New York City, United States}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Song<br /> | {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | New Talent of the Year<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}}<br /> | {{won}} --&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[British Academy Film Awards]]<br /> | [[56th British Academy Film Awards|23 February 2003]]<br /> | [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language|Best Film Not in the English Language]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Allison |first=Rebecca |date=24 February 2003 |title=Britain's big Bafta night as The Hours has the edge on Hollywood blockbusters |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/24/filmawards.filmnews |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065522/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2003/feb/24/filmawards.filmnews |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nayar |first=Mandira |date=17 January 2007 |title=Bridging the celluloid divide in style |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Bridging-the-celluloid-divide-in-style/article14707008.ece |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065520/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/Bridging-the-celluloid-divide-in-style/article14707008.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;17&quot; | [[Filmfare Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;17&quot; | [[48th Filmfare Awards|21 February 2003]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=23 February 2003 |title=Filmfare awards: 'Devdas' bags 11, 'Saathiya' 4 |work=The Hindu |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/filmfare-awards-devdas-bags-11-saathiya-4/article27747348.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065520/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/filmfare-awards-devdas-bags-11-saathiya-4/article27747348.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dhirad |first=Sandeep |date=2006 |title=Filmfare Nominees and Winners |url=https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019034032/https://sites.google.com/site/deep750/FilmfareAwards.pdf?attredirects=0 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=[[Filmfare]] |pages=113–115}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=22 February 2003 |title=Shah Rukh, Ash, Ajay Devgan's rich haul |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/22award.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503063309/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/feb/22award.htm |archive-date=3 May 2020 |access-date=21 March 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br /> | {{sort|Shroff|[[Jackie Shroff]]}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Kher|Kirron Kher}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Madhuri Dixit]]<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | {{sort|Badr|Nusrat Badr}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer&amp;nbsp;– Female]]<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}}, {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}} (for {{sort|Maar|&quot;Maar Daala&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Bairi|&quot;Bairi Piya&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|Binod Pradhan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Scene of the Year|Best Scene of the Year]]<br /> | Confrontation scene between Parvati and Chandramukhi<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]<br /> | {{sort|Desai|[[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare R. D. Burman Award|R. D. Burman Award]]<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;18&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;18&quot; | [[4th IIFA Awards|15–17 May 2003]]<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;18&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=13 May 2003 |title=Indian film fete in South Africa |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/indian-film-fete-in-south-africa/article27771481.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065459/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/indian-film-fete-in-south-africa/article27771481.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=17 May 2003 |title=It was Devdas' nite at Johannesburg |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/it-was-devdas-nite-at-johannesburg/article27772586.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065459/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/it-was-devdas-nite-at-johannesburg/article27772586.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=16 May 2003 |title='Devdas' bags 9 technical awards |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/devdas-bags-9-technical-awards/article27772241.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322065522/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/devdas-bags-9-technical-awards/article27772241.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/devdas-sweeps-iifa-awards_99085.html |title='Devdas' sweeps IIFA awards |website=[[Zee News]] |date=17 May 2003 |location=Johannesburg, South Africa |access-date=24 April 2021 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424043912/https://zeenews.india.com/home/devdas-sweeps-iifa-awards_99085.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Dixit|Madhuri Dixit}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> |[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]<br /> |Jackie Shroff<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Kher|Kirron Kher}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | {{sort|Badr|Nusrat Badr}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Playback Singer&amp;nbsp;– Female]]<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}}, {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Song Recording<br /> | {{sort|Chatterjee|Bishwadeep Chatterjee}}, {{sort|Sood|Daman Sood}}, {{sort|Gajjar|[[Tanay Gajjar]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]<br /> | {{sort|Kapadia|Prakash Ranjit Kapadia}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|Binod Pradhan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]<br /> | {{sort|Lulla|Neeta Lulla}}, {{sort|Jani|Abu Jani}}, {{sort|Khosla|[[Sandeep Khosla]]}}, {{sort|Shariffi|[[Reza Shariffi]]}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]<br /> | {{sort|Pillai|Arun Pillai}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re-Recording]]<br /> | {{sort|Fernandes|Leslie Fernandes}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]<br /> | {{sort|Desai|Nitin Chandrakant Desai}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]<br /> | {{sort|Choudhary|Jitendra Choudhary}}, {{sort|Motwane|[[Vikramaditya Motwane]]}}, {{sort|Sharma|Kushal Sharma}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[MTV Asia Awards]]<br /> | [[MTV Asia Awards 2003|24 January 2003]]<br /> | Best Asian Foreign Language Film<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=27 January 2003 |title='I was amazed at the craze for Devdas' |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/27sanjay.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063509/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/27sanjay.htm |archive-date=22 March 2021 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[National Film Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | [[50th National Film Awards|26 July 2003]]<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Mukhopadhyaya |first=Abhik |date=26 July 2003 |title=Top honours for Ajay Devgan, Konkana Sen; 'Devdas' bags 5 awards |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/top-honours-for-ajay-devgan-konkana-sen-devdas-bags-5-awards/article27786863.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063436/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/top-honours-for-ajay-devgan-konkana-sen-devdas-bags-5-awards/article27786863.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=1 August 2003 |title=Drama sans soul |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/drama-sans-soul/article28573702.ece |url-status=live |access-date=21 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063452/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/drama-sans-soul/article28573702.ece |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Bairi|&quot;Bairi Piya&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Production Design|Best Production Design]]<br /> | {{sort|Desai|Nitin Chandrakant Desai}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]<br /> | {{sort|Lulla|Neeta Lulla}}, {{sort|Jani|Abu Jani}}, {{sort|Khosla|Sandeep Khosla}}, {{sort|Shariffi|Reza Shariffi}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[National Film Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;15&quot; | [[Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;15&quot; | 27 March 2003<br /> | Best Film<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;15&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.sansui-india.com:80/winners%20for%20the%206th%20awards.htm |website=[[Star India]] |title=Winners of the 6th Annual Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920044531/http://www.sansui-india.com:80/winners%20for%20the%206th%20awards.htm |archive-date=20 September 2003 |access-date=20 December 2021 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sansui Viewer's Choice Movie Awards nominations |url=http://www.sansuiviewerschoicemovieawards.com/nominations.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030413045821/http://www.sansuiviewerschoicemovieawards.com/nominations.htm |archive-date=13 April 2003 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=[[Sansui Viewers' Choice Movie Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Director<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actor<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Best Actress<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Dixit|Madhuri Dixit}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Supporting Actress<br /> | {{sort|Kher|Kirron Kher}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Music Director<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Lyricist<br /> | {{sort|Badr|Nusrat Badr}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Best Female Playback Singer<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}}, {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}} (for {{sort|Maar|&quot;Maar Daala&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Best Choreography<br /> | {{sort|Maharaj|[[Birju Maharaj]]}} (for {{sort|Kaahe|&quot;Kaahe Chhed&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Merchant|Vaibhavi Merchant}} (for {{sort|Silsila|&quot;Silsila Ye Chahat Ka&quot;}})<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Dialogue<br /> | {{sort|Kapadia|Prakash Ranjit Kapadia}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Art Director (Jury)<br /> | {{sort|Desai|Nitin Chandrakant Desai}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;21&quot; | [[Screen Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;21&quot; | 16 January 2003<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;21&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=24 December 2002 |title=Screen awards: Devdas tops nomination list |work=[[The Indian Express]] |publisher=Express News Service |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/screen-awards-devdas-tops-nomination-list/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322063438/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/screen-awards-devdas-tops-nomination-list/ |archive-date=22 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=19 January 2003 |title=Finally, Devdas is a winner on night of starry dreams |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Express News Service |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/finally-devdas-is-a-winner-on-night-of-starry-dreams/ |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317022439/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/finally-devdas-is-a-winner-on-night-of-starry-dreams/ |archive-date=17 March 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rich haul&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |date=17 January 2003 |title=Rich haul for Devdas at Screen-Videocon Awards |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/17news.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129154819/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/17news.htm |archive-date=29 January 2021 |access-date=22 March 2021 |website=Rediff.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 December 2002 |title=9th Annual Star Screen Awards Nominations |work=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |url=http://www.screenindia.com:80/films/nominations2002.html |url-status=dead |access-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030920165555/http://www.screenindia.com/films/nominations2002.html |archive-date=20 September 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> | {{won}}{{efn|Tied with [[Ajay Devgn]] for ''[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]''}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Dixit|Madhuri Dixit}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Kher|Kirron Kher}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]<br /> | {{sort|Badr|Nusrat Badr}} (for &quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]<br /> | {{sort|Narayan|Udit Narayan}} (for &quot;Woh Chand Jaisi Ladki&quot;)<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Screen Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}} (for &quot;Maar Daala&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for &quot;Silsila Ye Chahat Ka&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|Binod Pradhan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]<br /> | {{sort|Kapadia|Prakash Ranjit Kapadia}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Best Choreography<br /> | {{sort|Maharaj|Birju Maharaj}} (for &quot;Kaahe Chhed&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for &quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;)<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for &quot;Maar Daala&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Merchant|Vaibhavi Merchant}} (for &quot;Silsila Ye Chaahat Ka&quot;)<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Art Direction<br /> | {{sort|Desai|Nitin Chandrakant Desai}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Background Music|Best Background Music]]<br /> | {{sort|Sharma|Monty Sharma}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]<br /> | Digital Art Media<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Screen Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]<br /> | {{sort|Sehgal|Bela Sehgal}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> &lt;!-- |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | V. Shantaram Awards<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; | 26 April 2003<br /> | Best Film<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=27 April 2003 |title=Devdas bags eight V Shantaram awards |work=The Times of India |agency=Press Trust of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Devdas-bags-eight-V-Shantaram-awards/articleshow/44673564.cms |url-status=live |access-date=22 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919113235/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Devdas-bags-eight-V-Shantaram-awards/articleshow/44673564.cms |archive-date=19 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | Best Direction<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Actress<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Music Director<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Choreography<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Cinematography<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|Binod Pradhan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Screenplay<br /> | {{sort|Kapadia|Prakash Ranjit Kapadia}}, {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Editing<br /> | {{sort|Sehgal|Bela Sehgal}}<br /> | {{won}} --&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | [[Zee Cine Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | 11 January 2003<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Film|Best Film]]<br /> | ''Devdas''<br /> | {{won}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |&lt;ref name=&quot;Rich haul&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k3/jan/janmam13.htm |title=Fairglow Zee Cine awards on Saturday |date=28 January 2003 |website=Indian Television |location=Mumbai, India |access-date=24 April 2021 |archive-date=21 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080821220632/http://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/headlines/y2k3/jan/janmam13.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com:80/year2003.html |title=6th Zee Cine Awards&amp;nbsp;– Year 2003 |website=[[Zee Cine Awards]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051224182337/http://www.zeecineawards.com/year2003.html |archive-date=24 December 2005 |access-date=24 April 2021 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Director|Best Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Bhansali|Sanjay Leela Bhansali}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor&amp;nbsp;– Male|Best Actor]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Shah Rukh Khan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor&amp;nbsp;– Female|Best Actress]]<br /> | {{sort|Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai Bachchan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | {{sort|Dixit|Madhuri Dixit}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | {{sort|Darbar|Ismail Darbar}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer&amp;nbsp;– Female|Best Female Playback Singer]]<br /> | {{sort|Krishnamurthy|Kavita Krishnamurthy}}, {{sort|Ghoshal|Shreya Ghoshal}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]<br /> | {{sort|Pradhan|Binod Pradhan}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]<br /> | {{sort|Khan|Saroj Khan}} (for {{sort|Dola|&quot;Dola Re Dola&quot;}})<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Zee Cine Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]<br /> | {{sort|Lulla|Neeta Lulla}}, {{sort|Jani|Abu Jani}}, {{sort|Khosla|Sandeep Khosla}}, {{sort|Shariffi|Reza Shariffi}}<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> | Best Art Direction<br /> | {{sort|Desai|Nitin Chandrakant Desai}}<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Bollywood films of 2002]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0238936/awards?ref_=tt_awd Awards and nominations received by ''Devdas''] at [[IMDb]]<br /> <br /> {{featured list}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Devdas}}<br /> [[Category:Lists of accolades by Indian film|Devdas]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thottam_Rajasekharan&diff=541156 2025-10-23T07:10:03Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding some stub w/ infobox - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Indian writer (born 1930)}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}<br /> {{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}<br /> {{Infobox writer<br /> | name = Thottam Rajasekharan<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = <br /> | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1930|09|24}}<br /> | death_date =<br /> | othername =<br /> | occupation = Writer<br /> | years active = 1954–present<br /> | spouse = <br /> | partner =<br /> | children =<br /> | website = <br /> | awards = {{awards|award=[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works]]|year=1982|title=Cinema: Mithyayum Sathyavum}}&lt;ref&gt;[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | birth_place = [[Trivandrum]], Kerala, India<br /> }}'''Thottam Rajasekharan''' (born 24 September 1930) is an Indian writer.<br /> <br /> == Major works ==<br /> <br /> * ''Mukhammoodikal -1954 (Drama)'' <br /> * ''Thrishna – 1967 (Novel)'' <br /> * ''Nandu – 1972''<br /> * ''Cinema Midhayayum Sathyavum – 1981''<br /> * ''Udyogaparvam – 1991 (Service Story)''<br /> * ''Bodhi – 1991 (novel)''<br /> * ''Somatheeram – 2008 (Novel)''<br /> * ''Sivagiri Samaram oru Seshapatram – 2007 ''<br /> * ''Cinema Kalayum Jevithavum – 2010''<br /> * ''Utharakandom – 2011 (Service Story)''<br /> * ''Narayana Guru Nayakan''<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Miscellaneous Works]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/on-the-luring-world-of-cinema/article2816651.ece<br /> * http://www.leadersyellowpages.com/phonenumbers/india/thiruvananthapuram/thottam+rajasekharan/LYP103-1-22787.html<br /> * http://www.sngcollege.org/snms/devotes.php<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140903234936/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/a-school-with-its-very-own-history-lessons/293330-60-123.html]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Rajasekharan, Thottam}}<br /> [[Category:1930 births]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:People from Thiruvananthapuram district]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]<br /> [[Category:Writers from Kerala]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISRO_Telemetry,_Tracking_and_Command_Network&diff=456062 2025-10-23T06:24:55Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: slightly rework references for clarity additionally and added references based on references</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian space research network}}<br /> [[File:A view of Mission Operations Complex 1 (MOX-1) at ISTRAC, Peenya before commencement of fourth orbit raising burn for Chandrayaan-2.jpg|thumb|A view of Mission Operations Complex - 1 (MOX-1) at ISTRAC before commencement of an orbit raising burn for [[Chandrayaan-2]].]]<br /> The ISRO '''Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (''ISTRAC'')''' is one of the ground segment arms of Indian Space Research Organisation and was established on September 06, 1976. It consists of a comprehensive global network of ground stations to provide telemetry, tracking and command (TTC) support to [[satellite]] and [[launch vehicle]] missions. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ISTRAC inaugurates Golden Jubilee Celebrations: 50 Years of Tracking India's Space Odyssey |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/ISTRAC_inaugurates_Golden_Jubilee_Celebrations.html |access-date=2025-09-10 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Facilities==<br /> ISTRAC has several facilities as of November 2013:{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br /> * ISTRAC facilities in Bangalore consist of TTC ground station (BLR) with full redundancy multi-mission Spacecraft Control Center to carry out and control spacecraft operations and co-ordinate with the network stations. Computer facility with distributed architecture providing independent processors for communications handling, dedicated processors to provide real-time displays for individual spacecraft missions and off-line processors for carrying out spacecraft data archival, analysis and orbit determination.<br /> * Communication Control facility to establish links between [[Spacecraft Control Centre|SCC]] and ISTRAC network stations as well as control centers of other participating external space agencies and data receptions stations through dedicated voice, data and TTY links.<br /> <br /> ==Mission==<br /> The mission of the ISTRAC includes:{{citation needed|date=December 2013}}<br /> *Tracking, commanding and housekeeping data acquisition as well as health analysis and control, orbit and attitude determination and network co-ordination support to all [[low Earth orbit]] satellite missions of ISRO throughout their mission life.<br /> *Telemetry data acquisition support for ISRO launch vehicle missions from liftoff until satellite acquisition and down range tracking support for monitoring and determining the satellite injection parameters.<br /> *Coordinating between spacecraft and launch vehicle teams, supporting ground stations right from planning till the completion of mission for the national and international satellite missions.<br /> *Telemetry, tracking and command support for the International satellite launch projects.<br /> <br /> ==Ground Stations==<br /> ISTRAC has the following TTC ground stations:&lt;ref name=irso17j&gt;{{cite web |title=Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) |url=http://www.isro.org/chandrayaan/htmls/ground_segment_spacenetwork.htm |publisher=ISRO |access-date=17 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022161359/http://isro.org/chandrayaan/htmls/ground_segment_spacenetwork.htm |archive-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===India===<br /> *[[Hyderabad, India|Hyderabad]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aboutus_Org_DRS {{!}} NRSC Web Site |url=https://www.nrsc.gov.in/Aboutus_NRSC_DRS?language_content_entity=en |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.nrsc.gov.in |archive-date=2023-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116212238/https://www.nrsc.gov.in/Aboutus_NRSC_DRS?language_content_entity=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Bangalore]], also hosts the Indian [[Spacecraft Control Centre]]&lt;ref name=toi100713/&gt;<br /> *[[Lucknow]]<br /> *[[Port Blair| Sri Vijayapuram]]<br /> *[[Sriharikota]]<br /> *[[Thiruvananthapuram]]<br /> *[[Bharati (research station)|Bharti research station (AGEOS), Antarctica]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aboutus_Org_DRS {{!}} NRSC Web Site |url=https://www.nrsc.gov.in/Aboutus_NRSC_DRS?language_content_entity=en |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=www.nrsc.gov.in |archive-date=2023-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230116212238/https://www.nrsc.gov.in/Aboutus_NRSC_DRS?language_content_entity=en |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Global Stations===<br /> *[[Port Louis]], [[Mauritius]]<br /> *[[Bear Lakes (Russia)|Bear Lakes]], [[Russia]] (Медвежьи Озера, Medvezhi Ozera), operating the [[RT-64]] antenna<br /> *[[Biak]], [[Indonesia]]<br /> *[[Brunei]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-india-sign-mou-for-cooperation-in-space-research-field/ |title=Brunei, India sign MoU for cooperation in space research field &amp;#124; Borneo Bulletin Online |website=borneobulletin.com.bn |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723113544/https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-india-sign-mou-for-cooperation-in-space-research-field/ |archive-date=23 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Svalbard]], [[Norway]]<br /> *[[Troll (research station)|Troll]], [[Antarctica]]&lt;ref name=toi100713&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110811083318/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-07-13/india/28284987_1_cartosat-2b-isro-chairman-k-radhakrishnan-synthetic-aperture-radar 10 eyes in the sky give India space edge]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vietnam]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ISRO Developing Station in Vietnam|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137666|access-date=2021-03-29|website=pib.gov.in|archive-date=2021-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123021225/https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137666|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Torode|first=Sanjeev Miglani, Greg|date=2016-01-25|title=India to build satellite tracking station in Vietnam that offers eye on China|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/india-vietnam-satellite-china-idINKCN0V309W|access-date=2021-03-29|archive-date=2021-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701091713/https://www.reuters.com/article/india-vietnam-satellite-china-idINKCN0V309W|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Gatun Lake]], [[Panama]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/ISRO/comments/3r7s4e/and_another_ground_station_for_isro_seems_to_be/|title=And another ground station for Isro seems to be in works. This time around probably in Panama. : ISRO}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/EOI%20%20-%20%2011m%20antenna_0.pdf |title=Expression Of Interest |website=www.isro.gov.in |access-date=2021-04-01 |archive-date=2016-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027123740/http://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/EOI%20%20-%20%2011m%20antenna_0.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[São Tomé and Príncipe]], [[West Africa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sheldon|first=John|date=2018-09-12|title=São Tomé And Príncipe Signs Space Agreement With India|url=https://spacewatch.global/2018/09/sao-tome-and-principe-signs-space-agreement-with-india/|access-date=2021-03-29|website=SpaceWatch.Global|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202435/https://spacewatch.global/2018/09/sao-tome-and-principe-signs-space-agreement-with-india/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Africa|first=Space in|date=2018-09-09|title=India and Republic of Sao Tome and Principe sign MoU to set up Space centre|url=https://africanews.space/india-and-republic-of-sao-tomi-and-principe-sign-mou-to-set-up-space-centre/|access-date=2021-03-29|website=Space in Africa|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-09-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202126/https://africanews.space/india-and-republic-of-sao-tomi-and-principe-sign-mou-to-set-up-space-centre/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indian Deep Space Network]]<br /> *[[European Space Tracking]]<br /> *[[NASA Deep Space Network]]<br /> *[[Near Earth Network]]<br /> *[[Space Network]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://www.istrac.gov.in/index.html ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) - Official Website]<br /> <br /> {{ISRO facilities}}<br /> {{Indian space programme}}<br /> <br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:ISRO facilities]]<br /> [[Category:Year of establishment missing]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=R._K.&diff=527661 2025-10-08T23:07:19Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: creating new details basic info</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian actor}}<br /> {{Infobox person<br /> | name = R. K.<br /> | image = &lt;!-- filename only, no &quot;File:&quot; or &quot;Image:&quot; prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] --&gt;<br /> | alt = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;<br /> | caption = <br /> | birth_name = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;<br /> | birth_date = &lt;!-- {{Birth date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year with {{Birth year and age|YYYY}} unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]]. For people who have died, use {{Birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}}. --&gt;<br /> | birth_place = <br /> | death_date = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --&gt;<br /> | death_place = <br /> | other_names = <br /> | occupation = Actor<br /> | years_active = 2002{{endash}}present<br /> | known_for = <br /> | notable_works = <br /> }}<br /> '''Veeramachineni Ramakrishna''', known professionally as '''R. K.''', is an Indian director, producer, screenwriter and actor who works in [[Deccan cinema|Deccan]] and [[Telugu cinema]].<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> After making his debut with a minor role in the Telugu film ''[[Takkari Donga]]'' (2002), RK played the role of Mama in the Deccani film ''[[The Angrez]]'' (2005), which he also co-produced.&lt;ref name=&quot;N&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=1 August 2019 |title=A fight for survival: 'Hyderabad Nawabs 2' director speaks about Deccani industry |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fight-survival-hyderabad-nawabs-2-director-speaks-about-deccani-industry-106482 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122003236/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/fight-survival-hyderabad-nawabs-2-director-speaks-about-deccani-industry-106482 |archive-date=22 January 2022 |access-date=26 March 2025 |website=[[The News Minute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/dollywood-films-get-dakhini-stamp/articleshow/53715692.cms|title=Dollywood films get 'Dakhini' stamp|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 August 2016|access-date=25 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He also worked as a producer for ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]'' (2006).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/na-telugu-na-hindi-hum-hai-deccani/articleshow/18793045.cms|title=Na Telugu, na Hindi, hum hai Deccani|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=4 March 2013|access-date=26 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; He turned director with ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs 2]]'' (2019).&lt;ref name=&quot;N&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=29 January 2019 |title=Hyderabad Nawabs 2 Trailer: The 2006 Hyderabadi comedy is back with its sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-nawabs-2-trailer-the-2006-hyderabadi-comedy-is-back-with-its-sequel/articleshow/67735998.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122003239/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/hyderabad-nawabs-2-trailer-the-2006-hyderabadi-comedy-is-back-with-its-sequel/articleshow/67735998.cms |archive-date=22 January 2022 |access-date=22 January 2022 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Filmography ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | 2002 || ''[[Takkari Donga]]'' || || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || Uncredited role<br /> |-<br /> | 2004 || ''[[Athade Oka Sainyam]]'' || Prakash Rao's goon ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2005 || ''[[The Angrez]]'' || Mama || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | [[Deccani language|Deccani]] || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Also producer<br /> |-<br /> | 2006 || ''[[Hyderabad Nawabs]]'' || Gopal Yadav alias Mama <br /> |-<br /> | 2007 || ''[[FM Fun Aur Masti]]'' || David || Also writer and producer<br /> |-<br /> | 2008 || ''[[Mallepuvvu]]'' || Construction site worker || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> |2010<br /> |''[[Andari Bandhuvaya]]''<br /> |Jangaiah<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2011 || ''Inki Toh Aisi Ki Thaisi'' || Inspector || rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| Deccani ||<br /> |-<br /> | ''Family Pack'' || Sarpanch || <br /> |-<br /> | ''Zabardast'' || Inspector ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2012 || ''[[Eega]]'' || Sudeep's colleague || Telugu&lt;br /&gt;[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Bilingual film<br /> |-<br /> | 2013 || ''Ek Tha Sardaar'' || Inspector || Deccani ||<br /> |-<br /> | 2014 || ''[[Run Raja Run]]'' || CI Vasudev Sharma || rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Telugu || <br /> |-<br /> | 2015 || ''[[Thanu Nenu]]'' || ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2018 || ''Inspector Gullu'' || Police Commissioner || Deccani ||<br /> |-<br /> |''Inthalo Yennenni Vintalo'' || || Telugu ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|2019 || ''Jai Veeru'' || || [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Hyderabad Nawabs 2]]'' || Mama || Deccani || Also director, writer and producer<br /> |-<br /> | ''Pyaar Karle'' || Inspector || rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Hindi || <br /> |-<br /> | 2022 || ''Virgin Story'' || Inspector ||<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|2023 || ''[[Michael (2023 film)|Michael]]'' || || rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Telugu || <br /> |-<br /> |''[[Slum Dog Husband]]'' || Inspector Balaram || <br /> |-<br /> |2025<br /> |''[[Solo Boy]]''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Television ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Year<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Title<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Role<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; | Platform<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Notes <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=1|2024 || ''[[Save the Tigers]]'' || Pittala Srisailam || [[Disney+ Hotstar]] || season 2<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *{{IMDb name|4427586}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Mama, RK}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian film directors]]<br /> [[Category:Hindi film producers]]<br /> [[Category:Indian screenwriters]]<br /> <br /> {{India-screen-actor-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Odia_films_of_1977&diff=512557 2025-10-08T19:57:05Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new a post</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|None}}<br /> {{Ollywood films}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}<br /> This is a list of films produced by the [[Ollywood]] film industry based in [[Bhubaneshwar]] and [[Cuttack]] in 1977:<br /> <br /> ==A-Z==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Title !! Director !! Cast !! Genre !! Notes<br /> |-<br /> | {{Year header}} | '''[[1977 in film|1977]]'''<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Aahuti (1977 film)|Aahuti]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Aahuti|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411603/|access-date=2019-02-02}} {{unreliable?|date=September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Devi Das]] ||[[Ajit Das]], [[Nari (actor)|Nari]], [[Niharika Sahu]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Abhimaan (1977 film)|Abhiman]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Abhimaan|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0075621/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| [[Sadhu Meher]]||[[Uttam Mohanty]], [[Sarat Pujari]], [[Rita Chand|Rita]], [[Babi (actress)|Babi]] || ||Debut film of Uttam Mohanty<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Ae Nuhen Kahani]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Ae Nuhen Kahani|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1407132/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[K.H.D. Rao]]|| [[Chakrapani (actor)|Chakrapani]], [[Mahasweta Roy]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Anutap (1977 film)|Anutap]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Anutap|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1499629/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| [[J. Adeni]]||[[Suresh Mahapatra]], [[Preeti Ra Iti|Preeti]], [[Sahu Samuel]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Bandhu Mohanty]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Bandhu Mohanty|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0249385/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Nitai Palit]]|| [[Gobinda Tej]], [[Banaja Mohanty]], [[Anita Das]]|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Chilika Teerey]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Chilika Teerey|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0267372/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Biplab Roy Choudhary]]|| [[Bijay Mohanty]], [[Tandra Roy]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Naga Phasa]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Naga Phasa|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1399057/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Basant Nayak]]|| [[Shriram Panda]], [[Prashanta Nanda]], [[Banaja Mohanty]], [[Nari (actor)|Nari]], [[Bijay Mohanty]]|| ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Punarmilan]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Punar Milan|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0076579/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| [[K.H.D. Rao]]||[[Chakrapani (actor)|Chakrapani]], [[Rosa (actress)|Roja Ramani]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Rakta Golapa]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://oriya.incredibleorissa.com/movie/rakta-golap/|title=Rakta Golap oriya film Video, Songs, Review, Wallpapers, Trailer|date=2013-02-05|website=Oriya Film Database|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Bhimeswar Rao]]|| [[Suresh Mishra (actor)|Suresh]], [[Banaja Mohanty]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Sandhya Tara]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Sandhya Tara|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1411776/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| [[Gopal Gosh]]||[[Ajit Das]], [[Hemanta Das]], [[Jaya Swami]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |''[[Suna Sansar]]''&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=Suna Sansar|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0242917/|access-date=2019-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;||[[Sisir Misra]]||[[Sriram Panda]], Niharika Sahu, [[Babi (actress)|Babi]], [[Sujata Nanda]], [[Niharika Sahu|Niharika]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Indian film list}}<br /> {{1977 films}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Lists of Odia films by year|1977]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of 1977 films by language|Ollywood]]<br /> [[Category:1977 in Indian cinema|Films, Ollywood]]<br /> [[Category:1970s in Orissa]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subash_Chandra_Panigrahi&diff=537713 2025-09-30T00:11:20Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding basic article added tags</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian politician}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox officeholder<br /> | office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br /> | constituency = [[Deogarh Assembly constituency|Deogarh]]<br /> | term_start = 2019<br /> | term_end = 2024<br /> | profession = Politician<br /> | predecessor =<br /> | party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<br /> }}<br /> '''Subash Chandra Panigrahi''' is an Indian politician from Odisha. He was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Deogarh Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deogarh, Election Result 2024 Live: Winning And Losing Candidates &amp; Parties, 2019 vs 2024 Results, Voting Percentage, Exit Polls-News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/odisha/deogarh-constituency-s18aed2008a019/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Odisha Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners |url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/odisha-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205899.html |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=Zee News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]<br /> * [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Panigrahi, Subash Chandra}}<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]<br /> [[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> <br /> <br /> {{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chalukya%E2%80%93Chola_wars&diff=471344 2025-09-07T17:53:10Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: refined content further and added references</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Chola–Chalukya Wars]]<br /> <br /> {{Redirect category shell|<br /> {{R from move}}<br /> }}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Aa_(soundtrack)&diff=483707 2025-08-16T23:54:08Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new.</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}<br /> {{Infobox album<br /> | name = A Aa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)<br /> | type = soundtrack<br /> | artist = [[Mickey J. Meyer]]<br /> | cover = A Aa (soundtrack).png<br /> |border=yes<br /> | alt =<br /> | released = 1 May 2016<br /> | recorded = 2016<br /> | genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]<br /> | length = 17:53<br /> | language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]<br /> | label = [[Aditya Music]]<br /> | producer = [[Mickey J. Meyer]]<br /> | prev_title = [[Brahmotsavam (soundtrack)|Brahmotsavam]]<br /> | prev_year = 2016<br /> | next_title = [[Okka Ammayi Thappa]]<br /> | next_year = 2016<br /> }}<br /> '''''A Aa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)''''' is the [[Soundtrack album|soundtrack]] to the 2016 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Romance film|romantic drama film]] [[A Aa|of the same name]] directed by [[Trivikram Srinivas]] and starring [[Nithiin]] and [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]. The film's soundtrack featured five songs composed by [[Mickey J. Meyer]] and lyrics written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] and [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]. The soundtrack was released under the [[Aditya Music]] label on 1 May 2016, at a launch event held in [[Shilpakala Vedika]], [[Hyderabad]].<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> The soundtrack was initially set to be composed by [[Anirudh Ravichander]], but was later replaced by Mickey J. Meyer following the latter's exit due to his conflicting schedules in Tamil films.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Jonnalagedda |first=Pranita |date=22 January 2016 |title=Anirudh to be replaced by Mickey J Meyer? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Anirudh-to-be-replaced-by-Mickey-J-Meyer/articleshow/50694586.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181015161626/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Anirudh-to-be-replaced-by-Mickey-J-Meyer/articleshow/50694586.cms |archive-date=15 October 2018 |access-date=2021-01-07 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Meyer composed five songs for the film which had lyrics written by [[Ramajogayya Sastry]] and [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-01 |title=A Aa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/a-aa-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1109396809 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325191350/https://music.apple.com/in/album/a-aa-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1109396809 |archive-date=2022-03-25 |access-date=2024-09-27 |website=Apple Music}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[K. S. Chithra]], [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], [[Ramya Behara]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Roll Rida]], [[Sravana Bhargavi]], Anjana Sowmya and Sai Shivani performed vocals for the songs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> == Release ==<br /> The film's music was initially scheduled to be held on 15 April 2016 but was postponed to late April.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-04-15 |title=A..Aa audio launch to be postponed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/A-Aa-audio-launch-to-be-postponed/articleshow/51853321.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415021315/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/a-aa-audio-launch-to-be-postponed/articleshow/51853321.cms |archive-date=15 April 2023 |access-date=2021-01-07 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Eventually, the album was released on 1 May 2016, at a launch event in [[Shilpakala Vedika]] at [[Hyderabad]], with actor [[Pawan Kalyan]] attending as chief guest.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=2016-05-01 |title=Nithin-Samantha's 'A..Aa' audio launch live streaming: Watch Pawan Kalyan release the film's music |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nithin-samantha-aa-audio-launch-live-streaming-watch-pawan-kalyan-release-films-music-677086 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014421/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nithin-samantha-aa-audio-launch-live-streaming-watch-pawan-kalyan-release-films-music-677086 |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=International Business Times India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Girl |first=Gossip |date=2016-04-30 |title=Trivikram's gift to Power Star star fan Nithiin: Pawan Kalyan Chief Guest at A..Aa audio launch |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-30/Trivikrams-gift-to-Power-Star-star-fan-Nithiin-Pawan-Kalyan-Chief-Guest-at-AAa-audio-launch/225288 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109180306/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-30/Trivikrams-gift-to-Power-Star-star-fan-Nithiin-Pawan-Kalyan-Chief-Guest-at-AAa-audio-launch/225288 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=The Hans India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The album released in a jukebox format through YouTube, before the launch and got more than 1 million views on the video-sharing platform.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=A..Aa audio gets good response |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/A-Aa-audio-gets-good-response/articleshow/52345640.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110115820/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/A-Aa-audio-gets-good-response/articleshow/52345640.cms |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Reception ==<br /> The audio received positive reviews from critics. ''Behindwoods'' gave 2.75 out of 5 stating that the album is a &quot;whiff of fresh air from Mickey J Meyer in the midst of heavy duty albums&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-05-01 |title=A Aa (aka) A Aa songs review |url=http://www.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/a-aa/a-aa-songs-review.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110230413/http://www.behindwoods.com/telugu-movies/a-aa/a-aa-songs-review.html |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Behindwoods}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sravana Bhargavi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4 out of 5 and stated &quot;The album is a winner in terms of the variety that Mickey brings to the table.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Music Review: A Aa |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-A-Aa/articleshow/52255080.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810165558/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/Music-Review-A-Aa/articleshow/52255080.cms |archive-date=10 August 2022 |access-date=2021-01-07 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Indiaglitz'' gave 3.25 out of 5 stating that &quot;The album comes with good situational songs.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A Aa Music review songs lyrics |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-aa-songs-review-telugu-movie-20595 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109130602/https://www.indiaglitz.com/a-aa-songs-review-telugu-movie-20595 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=IndiaGlitz.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Karthik Srinivasan]] of ''Milliblog'' reviewed it as &quot;a simple and modest soundtrack from Mickey J Meyer&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 May 2016 |title=A Aa (Music review), Telugu – Mickey J Meyer by Milliblog! |url=https://milliblog.com/2016/05/03/a-aa-music-review-telugu-mickey-j-meyer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111011925/https://milliblog.com/2016/05/03/a-aa-music-review-telugu-mickey-j-meyer/ |archive-date=11 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ramesh Kannan of ''Moviecrow'' gave 3 out of 5 stating it as an &quot;ear-pleasing album far from regular commercial potboilers&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=A..Aa Songs - Music Review |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/12015/aaa-songs---music-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109200819/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/12015/aaa-songs---music-review |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-07 |website=Moviecrow}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' called the music &quot;refreshing&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2016-06-02 |title=A...Aa review: Simple tale, effectively told |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/A%E2%80%A6Aa-Simple-tale-effectively-told/article14382440.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308132908/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/A%E2%80%A6Aa-Simple-tale-effectively-told/article14382440.ece |archive-date=2021-03-08 |access-date=2024-09-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Latha Srinivasan of ''[[Daily News and Analysis]]'' reviewed that except for the song &quot;Rang De&quot;, the other tracks did not make up the mark.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Latha |date=2 June 2016 |title='A...Aa' review: You'll fall in love with Nithiin Reddy, Samantha Ruth Prabhu in this rom-com |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aaa-review-you-ll-fall-in-love-with-nithiin-reddy-samantha-ruth-prabhu-in-this-rom-com-2219152 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101105521/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/review-aaa-review-you-ll-fall-in-love-with-nithiin-reddy-samantha-ruth-prabhu-in-this-rom-com-2219152 |archive-date=1 January 2020 |access-date=1 January 2020 |website=Daily News and Analysis}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Legacy ==<br /> The song &quot;Rang De&quot; inspired the [[Rang De|2021 film of the same name]] directed by [[Venky Atluri]], and also starred Nithiin.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-06-24 |title=Nithiin's next with Venky Atluri titled as 'Rang De'; Keerthy Suresh confirmed as the leading lady |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nithiins-next-with-venky-atluri-titled-as-rang-de-keerthy-suresh-confirmed-as-the-leading-lady/articleshow/69922961.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329050509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nithiins-next-with-venky-atluri-titled-as-rang-de-keerthy-suresh-confirmed-as-the-leading-lady/articleshow/69922961.cms |archive-date=29 March 2020 |access-date=2020-06-08 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2019-06-25 |title=PC Sreeram about Venky Atluri, Nithiin and Keerthy Suresh's 'Rang De' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pc-sreeram-about-venky-atluri-nithiin-and-keerthy-sureshs-rang-de/articleshow/70479988.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820154157/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pc-sreeram-about-venky-atluri-nithiin-and-keerthy-sureshs-rang-de/articleshow/70479988.cms |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=2021-02-27 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Track listing ==<br /> {{Track listing<br /> | headline = ''A Aa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)'' track listing<br /> | extra_column = Artist(s)<br /> | total_length = 17:53<br /> | title1 = Yaa Yaa<br /> | lyrics1 = [[Ramajogayya Sastry]]<br /> | extra1 = [[K.S. Chithra]], [[Abhay Jodhpurkar]], Anjana Sowmya, Sai Shivani<br /> | length1 = 4:00<br /> | title2 = Rang De<br /> | lyrics2 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br /> | extra2 = [[Ramya Behara]], [[Rahul Nambiar]], Sai Shivani<br /> | length2 = 4:01<br /> | title3 = Anasuya Kosam<br /> | lyrics3 = [[Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)|Krishna Chaitanya]]<br /> | extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Roll Rida]]<br /> | length3 = 3:25<br /> | title4 = Mummy Returns<br /> | lyrics4 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br /> | extra4 = [[Sravana Bhargavi]]<br /> | length4 = 2:53<br /> | title5 = Yellipoke Syamala<br /> | lyrics5 = Ramajogayya Sastry<br /> | extra5 = Karthik<br /> | length5 = 3:35<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == Accolades ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;<br /> |+Accolades for ''A Aa (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)''<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Award{{efn|Awards are in alphabetical order.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Date of ceremony{{efn|Date is linked to the article about the awards held that year, wherever possible.}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Category<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Recipient(s)<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| Result<br /> ! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Filmfare Awards South]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[64th Filmfare Awards South|17 June 2017]]<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]<br /> | [[Mickey J. Meyer]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=8 June 2017 |title=Nominations for the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704171930/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21257.html |archive-date=4 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=17 June 2017 |title=Winners of the 64th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416113129/https://www.filmfare.com/news/winners-of-the-64th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-21594.html |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=24 August 2020 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]]<br /> | [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] for &quot;Yellipoke Shyamala&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |-<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[Nandi Awards]]<br /> | [[Nandi Awards of 2016|14 November 2017]]<br /> | [[Nandi Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Mickey J. Meyer]]<br /> | {{won}}{{efn|Also for ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]'' and ''[[Sathamanam Bhavati]]''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 November 2017 |title=Andhra Pradesh government announces Nandi awards for 2014–2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61656694.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306055101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61656694.cms |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=1 January 2020 |website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; | [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[6th South Indian International Movie Awards|30 June–1 July 2017]]<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Music Director – Telugu|Best Music Director – Telugu]]<br /> | {{nom}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=31 May 2017 |title=SIIMA Nominations: Theri, Janatha Garage, Maheshinte Prathikaram and Kirik Party lead |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705012559/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/siima-nominations-theri-janatha-garage-maheshinte-prathikaram-and-kirik-party-lead-4683082/ |archive-date=5 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2 July 2017 |title=SIIMA Awards 2017 Telugu winners list: Jr NTR and Rakul Preet Singh declared best actors |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2017-telugu-winners-list-jr-ntr-rakul-preet-singh-declared-best-actors-733067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927040942/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2017-telugu-winners-list-jr-ntr-rakul-preet-singh-declared-best-actors-733067 |archive-date=27 September 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |work=[[International Business Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu|Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu]]<br /> | [[Ramya Behara]] for &quot;Rang De&quot;<br /> | {{won}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Notes ==<br /> {{notelist}}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Mickey J. Meyer}}<br /> [[Category:2016 soundtrack albums]]<br /> [[Category:Mickey J. Meyer soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Aditya Music soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Romance film soundtracks]]<br /> [[Category:Drama film soundtracks]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sanglau&diff=532635 2025-08-16T20:52:49Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: Adding initial info from scratch - done</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Village in Nagaland, India}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Sanglau<br /> | native_name = <br /> | native_name_lang = <br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = village<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = India Nagaland<br /> | pushpin_label_position = <br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Nagaland, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|26.067118|95.015816|region:IN|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Nagaland]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Noklak district|Noklak]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = <br /> | governing_body = <br /> | leader_title = <br /> | leader_name = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = <br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = <br /> | population_total = 3881<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Patsho Khiamniungan]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = &lt;!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --&gt;<br /> | postal_code = <br /> | area_code_type = Telephone code<br /> | area_code = <br /> | registration_plate = NL <br /> | website = &lt;!--{{URL|??.gov.in}} --&gt;<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> '''Sanglau''' or '''Sanglao''' is a village in the [[Thuonoknyu]] tehsil in the [[Noklak district]] of Nagaland State, India. It is located 44&amp;nbsp;km south of the Noklak district headquarters and has 561 households.&lt;ref&gt;[https://nagalandtribune.in/yesterdays-lifestyle-todays-identity-sanglao-community-celebrates-culture-and-tradition/ about Sanglau]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://ipr.nagaland.gov.in/vikshit-bharat-sankalp-yatra-held-sanglao-village/ VIKSHIT BHARAT SANKALP YATRA HELD AT SANGLAO VILLAGE]&lt;/ref&gt; The Sanglao Pin code is 798626 and its postal head office is Noklak.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google/com/amp/s/news.abplive.com/amp/pincode/nagaland/tuensang/sanglao-pincode-798626.html/ Sanglao Pin code - ADB news]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The language most widely spoken is [[Patsho Khiamniungan]], that of the [[Patsho|Patsho people]] there.<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Villages in Noklak district]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patashpur_II&diff=547554 2025-08-14T11:10:34Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: quick update</p> <hr /> <div>{{About|the community development block in West Bengal, India|1. its another namesake community development block|Patashpur I|2. Its namesake village|Patashpur|3. its namesake assembly constituency|Patashpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)}}<br /> {{Infobox settlement<br /> | name = Patashpur II<br /> | other_name = <br /> | nickname = <br /> | settlement_type = Community development block<br /> | image_skyline = <br /> | image_alt = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | image_map = Patashpur-II in Purba Medinipur (West Bengal).svg<br /> | pushpin_map = <br /> | pushpin_label_position = right<br /> | pushpin_map_alt = <br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India<br /> | coordinates = {{coord|21.96667|N|87.63335|E|display=inline,title}}<br /> | subdivision_type = Country<br /> | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}<br /> | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Medinipur district|Purba Medinipur]]<br /> | established_title = &lt;!-- Established --&gt;<br /> | established_date = <br /> | seat_type = Headquarters<br /> | seat = [[Pratapdighi]]<br /> | founder = <br /> | named_for = <br /> | government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]<br /> | governing_body = <br /> | unit_pref = Metric<br /> | area_footnotes = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | area_total_km2 = 191.74<br /> | elevation_footnotes = <br /> | elevation_m = 4<br /> | population_total = 175,056<br /> | population_as_of = 2011<br /> | population_rank = <br /> | population_density_km2 = auto<br /> | population_demonym = <br /> | population_footnotes = <br /> | demographics_type1 = Languages<br /> | demographics1_title1 = Official<br /> | demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]<br /> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]<br /> | utc_offset1 = +5:30<br /> | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]<br /> | postal_code = 721439 (Patashpur)&lt;br/&gt; 721456 (Argoal)<br /> | registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-29, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-30, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-31, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-32, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-33<br /> | blank1_name_sec1 = Literacy<br /> | blank1_info_sec1 = 86.50%<br /> | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kanthi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kanthi]]<br /> | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency<br /> | blank3_info_sec1 = [[Patashpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Patashpur]], [[Bhagabanpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhagabanpur]]<br /> | website = {{URL|purbamedinipur.gov.in/}}<br /> | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Patashpur II''' (also spelled as Potashpur) is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Egra subdivision]] of [[Purba Medinipur district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].The headquarters in [[Pratapdighi]].<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> Purba Medinipur district is part of the lower [[Indo-Gangetic Plain]] and [[Eastern coastal plains]]. Topographically, the district can be divided into two parts – (a) almost entirely flat plains on the west, east and north, (b) the coastal plains on the south. The vast expanse of land is formed of [[alluvium]] and is composed of younger and coastal alluvial. The elevation of the district is within 10 metres above mean sea level. The district has a long coastline of 65.5&amp;nbsp;km along its southern and south eastern boundary. Five coastal CD Blocks, namely, Khejuri II, Contai II (Deshapran), Contai I, Ramnagar I and II, are occasionally affected by cyclones and tornadoes. Tidal floods are quite regular in these five CD Blocks. Normally floods occur in 21 of the 25 CD Blocks in the district. The major rivers are Haldi, Rupnarayan, Rasulpur, Bagui and Keleghai, flowing in north to south or south-east direction. River water is an important source of irrigation. The district has a low 899 hectare forest cover, which is 0.02% of its geographical area.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.dcmsme.gov.in/dips/PURBA%20MIDNAPORE-wb.pdf |title = Brief Industrial Profile of Purba Midnapur District |publisher= Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Industries, Government of India | access-date = 29 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262525164 |title = Mapping Dynamics of land utilization and its changing Patterns of Purba Medinipure District - W.B | access-date = 29 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur| work = Chapter I Introduction| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 29 June 2016| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf| archive-date = 23 September 2016| url-status = dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Argoal, a constituent panchayat of Patashpur II block, is located at {{coord|21.96667|N|87.63335|E|format=dms|}}.<br /> <br /> Patashpur II CD Block is bounded by [[Patashpur I]] CD Block in the north, [[Bhagabanpur II]] CD Block in the east, [[Egra I]] and [[Egra II]] CD Blocks in the south and [[Dantan II (community development block)|Dantan II]] CD Block, in Paschim Medinipur district, in the west.<br /> <br /> It is located 58&amp;nbsp;km from [[Tamluk]], the district headquarters.<br /> <br /> Patashpur II CD Block has an area of 191.74&amp;nbsp;km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 7 [[gram panchayat]]s, 124 gram sansads (village councils), 151 [[mouza]]s and 144 inhabited villages. [[Patashpur#Police station|Patashpur]] police station serves this block.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Gram panchayat]]s of Patashpur II block/ panchayat samiti are: Argoal, Khar, Mathura, Panchet, Patashpur, South Khanda and Srirampur.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Purba Medinipur - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 22 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> <br /> ===Population===<br /> As per [[2011 Census of India]] Potashpur II CD Block had a total population of 175,056, all of which were rural. There were 90,319 (52%) males and 84,737 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 20,438. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 21,077 (12.04%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 1,388 (o.79%).&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 1 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As per 2001 census, Patashpur II block had a total population of 154,719, out of which 79,360 were males and 75,359 were females. Patashpur II block registered a population growth of 16.58 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the combined Midnapore district was 14.87 per cent.&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web | url =http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm | title = Provisional population totals, West Bengal, Table 4, (erstwhile) Medinipur District | access-date = 7 June 2016 | work = Census of India 2001 | publisher = Census Commission of India|url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110928205819/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_15.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date= 17 July 2016 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Patashpur II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Kasbapatapur (5,853), Kharat Katbar (5,961), Khar (6,654), Panchet (4,106) and Balgobindapur (4,368).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> Other villages in Patashpur II CD Block (2011 census figures in brackets): Argoal (2,377), Mathura (3,860) and Srirampur (2,442).&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Literacy===<br /> As per the 2011 census the total number of literates in Patashpur II CD Block was 133,742 (86.50% of the population over 6 years) out of which 73,495 (55%) were males and 60,247 (45%) were females.&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;<br /> <br /> As per the 2011 census, literacy in Purba Medinipur district was 87.02%.&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/19-purba-medinipur.html |title = Purba Medinipur (East Midnapore) District: Census 2011 data | work= 2016 Digital Trends |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Purba Medinipur had the highest literacy amongst all the districts of West Bengal in 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/districtlist/west+bengal.html |title = Districts of West Bengal | work= High Literacy |publisher= Census Population 2015 Data | access-date = 27 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]<br /> <br /> {{Literacy in CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur district|collapsible=y}}<br /> <br /> ===Language and religion===<br /> <br /> {{bar box<br /> |title=Religion in Patashpur II CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;/&gt;<br /> |titlebar=#FCD116 <br /> |left1=<br /> |float=left<br /> |bars=<br /> {{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.62}}<br /> {{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|12.23}}<br /> {{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.15}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 153,385 and formed 87.62% of the population in Patashpur II CD Block. Muslims numbered 21,400 and formed 12.23% of the population. Others numbered 271 and formed 0.15% of the population.&lt;ref name=&quot;religion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2001, Hindus made up 89.35% and Muslims 10.62% of the population respectively.&lt;ref name=censusreligion2001&gt;{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21481/download/24613/PC01_C01_19.xls|title = Table C01 Population by Religious Community: West Bengal |publisher = [[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |date=2001}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption = Languages of Patashpur II CD block (2011)&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;/&gt;<br /> |label1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] |value1 = 95.66 |color1 = orchid<br /> |label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 2.39 |color2 = green<br /> |label3 = [[Hindi]] |value3 = 1.59 |color3 = orange<br /> |label4 = Others |value4 = 0.36 |color4 = grey<br /> }}<br /> <br /> According to the 2011 census, 95.66% of the population spoke [[Bengali language|Bengali]], 2.39% [[Urdu]] and 1.59% [[Hindi]] as their first language.&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Rural poverty==<br /> The District Human Development Report for Purba Medinipur has provided a CD Block-wise data table for [[Human Poverty Index|Modified Human Poverty Index]] of the district. Patashpur II CD Block registered 20.72 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHPI was estimated at 24.78. Eleven out of twentyfive CD Blocks were found to be severely deprived in respect of grand CD Block average value of MHPI (CD Blocks with lower amount of poverty are better): All the CD Blocks of Haldia and Contai subdivisions appeared backward, except Ramnagar I &amp; II, of all the blocks of Egra subdivision only Bhagabanpur I appeared backward and in Tamluk subdivision none appeared backward.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 2214-215 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> <br /> ===Livelihood===<br /> In Patashpur II CD Block in 2011, total workers formed 38.12% of the total population and amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 30.91%, agricultural labourers 44.58%, household industry workers 4.07% and other workers 20.44%.&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purba Medinipur | work = Tables 2.7, 2.1, 8.2, 16.1, 17.2, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 29 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | archive-date = 21 January 2019 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Infrastructure===<br /> There are 144 inhabited villages in Patashpur II CD block. All 144 villages (100%) have power supply. 143 villages (99.31%) have drinking water supply. 19 villages (13.19%) have post offices. 141 villages (97.92%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 22 villages (15.28%) have a pucca (paved) approach road and 41 villages (28.47%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 14 villages (9.72%) have [[Primary Agricultural Credit Society|agricultural credit societies]]. 5 villages (3.47%) have banks.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Purba Medinipur, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Page 93 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities, 2011 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2007–08, around 40% of rural households in the district had electricity.&lt;ref name=humandev2&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Purba Medinipur | work = May 2011. Pages: 26, 30-33, 37, 61-63, 89-94 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 28 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160923122628/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR_Purba%20Medinipur.pdf | archive-date = 23 September 2016 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, there were 134 fertiliser depots, 4 seed stores and 30 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in the CD Block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Agriculture===<br /> {{Pie chart<br /> |caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture&lt;br/&gt;in Patashpur II CD Block'''<br /> |value1= 8.26<br /> |label1 = Bargadars<br /> |value2 = 13.90<br /> |label2 = Patta holders<br /> |value3 = 2.53<br /> |label3 = Small farmers<br /> |value4 = 34.95<br /> |label4 = Marginal farmers<br /> |value5 = 40.36<br /> |label5= Agricultural labourers}}<br /> <br /> According to the District [[Human Development Report]] of Purba Medinipur: The agricultural sector is the lifeline of a predominantly rural economy. It is largely dependent on the Low Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 50%) or High Capacity Deep Tubewells (around 27%) for irrigation, as the district does not have a good network of canals, compared to some of the neighbouring districts. In many cases the canals are drainage canals which get the backflow of river water at times of high tide or the rainy season. The average size of land holding in Purba Medinipur, in 2005–06, was 0.73 hectares against 1.01 hectares in West Bengal.&lt;ref name=humandev2/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Patashpur II CD Block was 10,915 hectares, out of which 20 hectares were irrigated by canal water, 1,430 hectares by tank water, 1,525 hectares by deep tube well and 7,940 hectares by shallow tube well.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development &amp; Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 29 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Patashpur II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 8.26%, patta (document) holders 13.90%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 2.53%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 34.95% and agricultural labourers 40.36%.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2013–14, Patashpur II CD Block produced 60,151 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop, from 29,950 hectares, 25,042 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 9,209 hectares, 2.950 tonnes of Aus paddy, the summer cop, from 949 hectares, 501 tonnes of jute from 37 hectares and 1,066 tonnes of potatoes from 36 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Betel]]vine is a major source of livelihood in Purba Medinipur district, particularly in Tamluk and Contai subdivisions. Betelvine production in 2008-09 was the highest amongst all the districts and was around a third of the total state production. In 2008–09, Purba Mednipur produced 2,789 tonnes of [[Cashew|cashew nuts]] from 3,340 hectares of land.&lt;ref name=humandev2/&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;float: left; margin-right: 1em; font-size: 85%; background:#ffffcc; color:black; width:20em; max-width: 25%;&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;<br /> ! style=&quot;background-color:#cccccc;&quot; | Concentration of Handicraft Activities in CD Blocks<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; |<br /> * '''Horn Craft''' - Kolaghat <br /> * '''Pata Chitra''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar <br /> * '''Sea Shell''' – Ramnagar I &amp; II <br /> * '''Mat &amp; Mat Diversified Products''' – Ramnagar I, Egra I &amp; II, Patashpur I <br /> * '''Brass &amp; Bell Metal''' – Ramnagar I, Mahisadal, Patashpur II, Egra I <br /> * '''Diversified Jute Products''' – Ramnagar II, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini <br /> * '''Cane &amp; Bamboo Products''' - Chandipur, Nandakumar, Kolaghat, Shahid Matangini <br /> * '''Sola Craft''' - Tamluk, Kolaghat <br /> * '''Pottery/Terracotta''' - Panskura, Tamluk, Sahid Matangini, Nandakumar <br /> * '''Wood Craft''' - Tamluk <br /> * '''Zari work'''- Sutahta, Mahisadal, Haldia, Nandakumar<br /> Source: District Human Development Report, Purba Medinipur, Page 97<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pisciculture===<br /> Purba Medinipur's net district domestic product derives one fifth of its earnings from fisheries, the highest amongst all the districts of West Bengal.&lt;ref name=humandev2/&gt; The nett area available for effective pisciculture in Patashpur II CD Block in 2013-14 was 825.00 hectares. 31,433 persons were engaged in the profession and approximate annual production was 70,315 quintals.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Banking===<br /> In 2013–14, Patashpur II CD Block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Backward Regions Grant Fund===<br /> Medinipur East district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the [[Backward Regions Grant Fund]]. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | title = Backward Regions Grant Funds: Programme Guidelines | publisher = Ministry of Panchayati Raj, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171030225317/http://www.panchayat.gov.in/documents/10198/0/BRGFFINALGUIDELINES.pdf | archive-date = 30 October 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=84879 | title= Backward Regions Grant Fund| work= Press Release, 14 June 2012 |publisher= Press Information Bureau, Government of India | access-date = 22 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> Patashpur II CD Block has 7 originating/ terminating bus routes. The nearest railway station is 20&amp;nbsp;km from the block headquarters.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> In 2013–14, Patashpur II CD Block had 121 primary schools with 7,624 students, 18 middle schools with 4,073 students, 11 high schools with 6,810 students and 18 higher secondary schools with 18,218 students. Patashpur II CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institution with 54 students and 289 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,201 students.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> As per the 2011 census, in Patashpur II CD block, amongst the 134 inhabited villages, 17 villages did not have a school, 27 villages had two or more primary schools, 29 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 33 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1919_PART_A_DCHB_PURBA%20MEDINIPUR.pdf| title = District Census Handbook, Purba Mednipur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 1091-92, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Healthcare==<br /> In 2014, Patashpur II CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] and 2 nursing homes with total 40 beds and 6 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 27 family welfare sub centres. 564 patients were treated indoor and 79,600 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.&lt;ref name=handbook2014/&gt;<br /> <br /> Patashpur Rural Hospital at [[Patashpur]] (with 30 beds) is the main medical facility in Patashpur II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Pratapdighi]] (with 10 beds) and Argoal (with 10 beds).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 27 March 2019 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> {{Municipalities of West Bengal}}<br /> {{Purba Medinipur topics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Community development blocks in Purba Medinipur district]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raju_Singh_Bhadoria&diff=528820 2025-08-13T08:18:05Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indian equestrian}}<br /> '''Raju Singh Bhadoria''' is the horse rider and an [[Equestrianism|equestrian]]. He is the fourth equestrian from India to qualify for the [[2022 Asian Games|2022 Asian games]] with 40.8 penalties. He qualified by winning CCI Two Star Eventing Competition organized at ASC Center, Bangalore.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-13 |title=Madhya Pradesh farmer’s son qualifies for Asian Games in equestrian |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/mp-farmers-son-qualifies-for-asian-games-in-equestrian/articleshow/97851116.cms |access-date=2023-04-16 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Currently, he is getting trained under a French coach, Regis Prudhon&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=मध्य प्रदेश: पेरिस में आयोजित घुड़सवारी प्रतियोगिता में राजू भदौरिया ने जीता गोल्ड, CM ने दी बधाई वीडियो - हिन्दी न्यूज़ वीडियो एनडीटीवी ख़बर |url=https://ndtv.in/videos/mp-raju-bhadoria-won-gold-in-horse-riding-competition-held-in-paris-693326 |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=ndtv.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-04-10 |title=Farm boy from Madhya Pradesh wins equestrian gold in Paris |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/others/farm-boy-from-madhya-pradesh-wins-equestrian-gold-in-paris/articleshow/99369835.cms |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> Bhadoria came from a farmer's family coming from an underprivileged background. He belongs from [[Harpalpur|Harpalpur village]] of [[Bhind]], Madhya Pradesh. In 2015, at the age of 11 he started his career, when he came to see his maternal uncle who is a horse groomer at MP Equestrian Academy. He took his initial training under the coach, Captain Bhagirath Singh at MP Equestrian Academy. He is studying in class 12th.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; His father's name is Sujan, he is a farmer&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-22 |title=Farmer’s son from Pachera village in Madhya Pradesh qualifies for equestrian at Asian Games, a sport dominated by army men and the affluent |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/farmers-son-pachera-village-madhya-pradesh-equestrian-asian-games-sport-army-men-8461180/ |access-date=2023-04-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Career ==<br /> Bhadoria won [[Ekalavya Award|Eklavya Award]] given by the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh state government]] in 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=Madhya Pradesh’s Raju Singh gets gold, Faraz wins silver &amp; bronze at Sr National Equestrian Championship in Mumbai |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/mps-raju-gets-gold-faraz-wins-silver-bronze-at-sr-national-equestrian-championship-in-mumbai/articleshow/98289675.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-04-12 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; Later he got selected in Indian Youth Class equestrian team.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-11-05 |title=मप्र घुड़सवारी अकादमी के खिलाड़ी राजू सिंह भदौरिया भारतीय टीम में शामिल |url=https://www.naidunia.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-mp-equestrian-academy-player-raju-singh-bhadauria-joins-indian-team-6554783 |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=Nai Dunia |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2021, he bragged a bronze medal in a concern National Cross Country One Star (three kilometers) with 44 Points.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=MP equestrian player Raju Singh bags bronze medal in national event |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2021/state-editions/mp-equestrian-player-raju-singh-bags-bronze-medal-in-national-event.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Feb 2023, He won gold in Sr.National Equestrian championships held in [[Mumbai]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-02-28 |title=Madhya Pradesh’s Raju Singh gets gold, Faraz wins silver &amp; bronze at Sr National Equestrian Championship in Mumbai |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhopal/mps-raju-gets-gold-faraz-wins-silver-bronze-at-sr-national-equestrian-championship-in-mumbai/articleshow/98289675.cms |access-date=2023-04-15 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; and later he won the equestrian gold in the [[Paris]] cross country event with 23 penalties. He won the eventing cross-country one-star class in [[Grosbois]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhind's Raju Singh Bhadauria won the gold medal in horse riding in Paris |url=https://www.ibc24.in/madhya-pradesh/bhinds-raju-singh-bhadauria-won-gold-medal-in-horse-riding-in-paris-1491498.html |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.ibc24.in |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Indian male equestrians]]<br /> [[Category:Living people]]<br /> [[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]<br /> [[Category:Indian dressage riders]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=PVR_Raja&diff=455824 2025-08-08T23:19:44Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: </p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[P.V.R. Raja]]<br /> {{R from mod}}</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marayoor_jaggery&diff=516443 2025-05-23T12:05:45Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new new article</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Type of jaggery (non-centrifugal cane sugar) - agri-product from Kerala, India}}<br /> {{Infobox geographical indication<br /> | name = Marayoor jaggery <br /> | image = Marayoor Jaggery in bar form.jpg<br /> | alt = Marayoor Jaggery in bar form<br /> | caption = Marayoor Jaggery in bar form<br /> | alternative names = Marayoor Sharkara<br /> | description =A [[jaggery]] (agri-product) made from fresh sugarcane juice in [[Marayur|Marayoor]] and [[Kanthalloor]] Grama panchayaths of [[Idukki district]] of [[Kerala]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Different Types Of Jaggery To Try |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/web-stories/lifestyle/different-types-of-jaggery-to-try/photostory/106820168.cms |website=www.timesnownews.com |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | type =[[Jaggery]]<br /> | area = Marayoor, Kerala<br /> | country = India<br /> | registered = 6 March 2019<br /> | material = <br /> | official website ={{URL|https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GirPublic/Application/Details/613|ipindia.gov.in}}}}<br /> <br /> The '''Marayoor jaggery''' is a variety of [[jaggery]] ([[non-centrifugal cane sugar]]) made from fresh [[sugarcane juice]] in the [[State of India|Indian state]] of [[Kerala]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=6 Types Of Jaggery You Must Know |url=https://www.news18.com/web-stories/lifestyle/6-types-of-jaggery-you-must-know-2-1638083/ |website=www.news18.com |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The Sweet History GI Tagged Marayoor Jaggery From Kerala |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/food/news/the-sweet-history-of-keralas-gi-tagged-marayoor-jaggery-article-111033930 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=Times Now |date=16 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is an agri-product manufactured from sugarcane which is a common and widely cultivated crop in [[Marayur|Marayoor]] and [[Kanthalloor]] [[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayaths]] of [[Devikulam taluk]], [[Idukki district]] grown particularly by the farmers of [[Muthuvan|Muthuva]] tribe.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kerala: Tribal honey finds a haven in Marayoor |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/May/07/kerala-tribal-honey-finds-a-haven-in-marayoor-1811129.html |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=7 May 2018 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Marayoor To Coconut: 6 Types Of Jaggery To Replace Your Sugar |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/food/news/marayoor-to-coconut-6-types-of-jaggery-to-replace-your-sugar-article-110917931 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=Times Now |date=11 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Raman |first1=Giji K. |title=Marayur jaggery finally gets Geographical Indication tag |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/marayur-jaggery-finally-gets-geographical-indication-tag/article26460646.ece |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=7 March 2019 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> This area falls within the rain shadow region, receiving lower rainfall than surrounding areas due to its location on the [[leeward]] (downwind) side of [[Western Ghats]] mountain range.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Marayoor Jaggery |url=https://www.mofpi.gov.in/mediapr/enewsfeb5.html |website=Ministry of Food Processing Industries |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Vellaram |first1=Sandeep |title=Tribal farmers join hands to launch jaggery production unit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/tribal-farmers-join-hands-to-launch-jaggery-production-unit/article68577184.ece |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The Hindu |date=28 August 2024 |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Sulaiman |first1=Nejma |title=Kerala: Jaggery from tribal hamlets of Marayur to hit the market under new brand name |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Aug/30/kerala-jaggery-from-tribal-hamlets-of-marayur-to-hit-the-market-under-new-brand-name |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=30 August 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Name==<br /> Marayoor jaggery made from sugarcane is a prized crop in Marayoor town and so named after it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=6 nutrient-rich jaggery varieties you need to try |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/6-nutrient-rich-jaggery-varieties-you-need-to-try/photostory/104828643.cms?picid=104828673 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The Times of India |date=30 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Marayoor Jaggery |url=https://forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/vanasree/marayoor-jaggery#:~:text=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82-,Marayoor%20Jaggery,crop%20of%20Marayoor%20and%20Kanthalloor. |website=Kerala Forest Department |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Local name===<br /> It is also known by &quot;Marayoor Sharkara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Raj |first1=Ashok |title=Magical Minds and Magical Hands All the Handicrafts and Handlooms Of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=True Sign Publishing House |isbn=978-93-5988-684-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AZgNEQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Marayoor+Jaggery&amp;pg=PT158 |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is made into forms of handmade jaggery, called 'Unda Sharkara', is available in ball form, characterized by its hardness, ease of storage, and long shelf life, with a golden brown to brown color. &quot;Unda&quot; means ball, while 'Sarkara' means the crude form of sugar in the local state language of [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS JOURNAL NO. 113 NOVEMBER 05, 2018 |url=https://ipindia.gov.in/writereaddata/Portal/IPOJournal/1_2680_1/Journal_113.pdf |website=Intellectual Property India |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Description==<br /> It is a high-quality, natural product with distinct characteristics. It has a brown to dark brown color, medium hardness, and a non-sticky texture, with visible finger marks from its handmade production process. Made without added natural or synthetic colors or artificial sweetening agents, this jaggery has a unique non-salty sweetness and characteristic taste. Its well-dried form and low water-insoluble matter ensure minimal dirt and soil content, setting it apart from other market samples.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Vanasree Products |url=https://forest.kerala.gov.in/index.php/vanasree |website=Kerala Forest Department |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Experts |first1=Arihant |title=AMU Aligarh Muslim University B.A. Bachelor Of Arts 2022 |date=30 November 2021 |publisher=Arihant Publications India limited |isbn=978-93-257-9605-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K0BZEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Marayoor+Jaggery+hand&amp;pg=PP48 |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Spurious products pose threat to Kerala's GI tagged Marayoor jaggery |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/kerala/spurious-products-pose-threat-to-keralas-gi-tagged-marayoor-jaggery-2824806 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=Deccan Herald |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Traditional jaggery production==<br /> The art of jaggery-making in Marayoor has a rich history, with ancient references found in the Rigveda and Ayurvedic texts, dating back centuries.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}}<br /> <br /> Marayoor Jaggery, renowned for its exceptional quality, is produced using traditional methods in approximately 150 country sheds scattered throughout the sugarcane fields of the region.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Vellaram |first1=Sandeep |title=Sweet victory: Idukki's Marayoor Jaggery gets GI tag |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/kerala/sweet-victory-idukki-s-marayoor-jaggery-gets-gi-tag-97960 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=The News Minute |date=8 March 2019 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The labor-intensive process commences with the extraction of juice from carefully selected, clean sugarcane, followed by filtration to remove impurities. Clarification is achieved through the addition of lime, ensuring a clear juice. The juice is then boiled in large, copper or galvanized iron vessels fueled by [[bagasse]] (sugarcane waste) over a furnace, optimized with chimneys and baffles for efficient heat absorption. Constant stirring with long wooden spoons prevents charring, while skilled artisans assess the consistency using time-honored techniques, such as the &quot;cold water test&quot; and dipping their fingers in cold water and then in boiling juice. Once the optimal consistency is reached, the concentrated juice is transferred to wooden troughs for setting, after which it is hand-rolled into distinctive balls, bearing the artisan's fingerprint impressions. This artisanal process yields approximately 6,000 tons per year of premium Marayoor jaggery, primarily in its signature solid ball form (Unda sharkara), alongside smaller quantities of liquid (paani) and powder forms, all devoid of artificial colors, chemicals, or sweeteners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=The Sweet History GI Tagged Marayoor Jaggery From Kerala |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/food/news/the-sweet-history-of-keralas-gi-tagged-marayoor-jaggery-article-111033930 |access-date=15 November 2024 |work=Times Now |date=16 June 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Usage==<br /> It is used as a traditional sweetener and key ingredient in [[Ayurveda|Ayurvedic]] medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Krishnan |first1=Anjali |title=The 'Gur' Old Story of Why Jaggery is India's Favourite Sweetener |url=https://thebetterindia.com/281019/jaggery-health-benefits-marayur-patali-gur-natural-sweetener-indian-food/ |website=The Better India |access-date=15 November 2024 |date=31 March 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a revered place in Kerala's temples, where it's used in as an integral part of traditional ceremonies and rituals.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Kerala, an Authentic Handbook |date=2010 |publisher=Information-Public Relations Department, Government of Kerala |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QEU8VKzq-XIC&amp;q=Marayoor+Jaggery |access-date=15 November 2024 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also used in traditional Kerala [[sadya]]s (feasts), and jaggery-coated [[plantain chips]], known as sharkaraperatti, which are a staple delicacy, served alongside other signature dishes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sanand |first=Swapna Raghu |date=18 March 2019 |title=Sweetest ever Marayur jaggery gets GI tag: This labour of love will move you! |newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)]] |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/lifestyle-sweetest-ever-marayur-jaggery-gets-gi-tag-this-labour-of-love-will-move-you-1519642/ |access-date=15 November 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geographical indication==<br /> It was awarded the [[List of geographical indications in India|Geographical Indication]] (GI) status tag from the [[Geographical Indication Registry (India)|Geographical Indications Registry]] under the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]] on 6 March 2019 (valid until 15 March 2028).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Geographical Indications |publisher=Intellectual Property India |url=https://search.ipindia.gov.in/GIRPublic/Application/Details/613 |access-date=15 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Paul |first=Biju E. |title=Onattukara sesame enters list of GI-tagged products from Kerala, thanks to KAU |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2023/Jan/03/onattukara-sesame-enters-list-of-gi-tagged-products-from-kerala-thanks-to-kau-2534085.html |access-date=15 November 2024 |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=3 January 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Kerala's Marayoor jaggery shipped to Canada |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/money/kerala-s-marayoor-jaggery-shipment-to-canada-flags-off-1.8176552 |access-date=15 November 2024 |newspaper=English.[[Mathrubhumi]] |date=30 December 2022 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Anchunadu Karimbu Ulpadhana Vipanana Sangham from Marayoor town, proposed the GI registration of Marayoor jaggery. After filing the application in March 2018, the jaggery was granted the GI tag in 2019 by the Geographical Indication Registry in [[Chennai]], making the name &quot;Marayoor jaggery&quot; exclusive to the jaggery manufactured in the region. It thus became the second jaggery variety from Kerala after [[Central Travancore jaggery]] and the 31st type of goods from Kerala to earn the GI tag.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=9 March 2018 |title=GI Registration of Marayoor Jaggery |publisher=IPR Cell, [[Kerala Agricultural University]] |url=https://www.origin-gi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/2019-04-16_18.59.55.pdf |via=oriGIn {{!}} Organization for an International Geographical Indications Network |access-date=15 November 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Central Travancore jaggery]]<br /> * [[Edayur chilli]]<br /> * [[Kuttiattoor Mango]]<br /> * [[Kolhapur jaggery|Kolhapur Jaggery]]<br /> * [[Muzaffarnagar jaggery]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Kerala cuisine]]<br /> [[Category:Economy of Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:Agriculture in Kerala]]<br /> [[Category:GI Tagged Jaggery varieties of India]]<br /> [[Category:Geographical indications in Kerala]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=163_Medium_Regiment_(India)&diff=481676 2025-04-16T18:00:40Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: post</p> <hr /> <div>{{COI|date=March 2025}}<br /> {{Short description|Regiment in India}}<br /> {{Infobox military unit<br /> | unit_name = 163 Medium Regiment<br /> | image = <br /> | caption = <br /> | dates = 1963 till date<br /> | country = {{flag icon|India}} [[India]]<br /> | allegiance = India<br /> | branch = [[File:Flag of Indian Army.svg|24px]] [[Indian Army]]<br /> | equipment = &lt;!-- Commanders --&gt;<br /> | notable_commanders = <br /> | identification_symbol = [[File:163 Gun Logo.jpg|thumb|200 px|Regimental logo]]<br /> | nickname = ''The History Creators''<br /> | motto = Sarvatra Izzat-O-Iqbal (Everywhere with Honour &amp; Glory)&lt;br&gt;Vinay Aur Veerta (Courtesy &amp; Valour)<br /> | colors = Red &amp; Navy Blue<br /> | mascot = <br /> | battles = 1965 Indo-Pak War&lt;br&gt;1971 Indo-Pak War&lt;br&gt;Op Rakshak&lt;br&gt;Kargil war&lt;br&gt;Op Parakram<br /> | anniversaries = 1 October (Raising Day)<br /> | decorations = GOC-in-C [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] Unit Citation, January 2025<br /> | battle_honours = <br /> | Past Commanding Officers = <br /> }}<br /> '''163 Medium Regiment''' is part of the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]] of the [[Indian Army]].<br /> <br /> == Formation and History==<br /> The regiment was raised as '''163 Field Regiment''' on 1 October 1963 at [[Jalandhar]]. The first Commanding Officer was Lieutenant Colonel Milkha Singh Mann. The regiment was constituted from the Sierra [[Artillery battery|Batteries]] of 4 Field Regiment, [[41 Field Regiment (India)|41 Field Regiment]] and [[81 Medium Regiment (India)|81 Field Regiment]]. Since raising, the regiment had a &lt;nowiki/&gt;'Fixed Class' composition with a Battery each of [[Rajput]]s, [[Sikhs]] and [[Ahir]]s. The regiment was converted for the first time from 163 Field Regiment to '''163 Medium Regiment''' on 18 September 1992, back to field regiment on 8 July 2008 and is presently back as a medium regiment. The regiment was converted to a '&lt;nowiki/&gt;Mixed Class (All India)' composition in May 1999.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/kashmir-todays-paper/army-organises-inter-school-quiz-competition|title=Army organises inter-school quiz competition|date=2022-09-30|access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; The unit presently consists of 1631, 1632 and 1633 medium batteries.<br /> <br /> ==Operations==<br /> The regiment has taken part in the following operations&lt;ref name=&quot;163FdAPOcover&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2013-10-01 |title=163 Field Regiment Golden Jubilee APO postal cover |url=https://samsshopping.com/product/163-field-regiment/ |access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; –<br /> *'''[[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965|Indo-Pak War of 1965]]'''. The newly raised regiment took part in 'Operation Riddle' and &lt;nowiki/&gt;'Operation Ablaze' in t&lt;nowiki/&gt;he [[Rajouri district|Rajouri sector]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] in 25 Infantry Division Area under [[XV Corps (India)|15 Corps]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianstrategicknowledgeonline.com/web/1965Chapter05.pdf|title=Chapter 5|date=|access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the operations in the Kalidhar Range, on 14 October 1965, within barely two years of the regiment's raising, it lost one of its Battery Commander Major J Pratap during the operations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1965.126/page/n5/|title=Gazette of India, No 45, page 571|date=1965-11-06|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://honourpoint.in/wp-content/uploads/1965-war-martyrs.pdf|title=1965 war martyrs|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this setback, on the very same day, the area was captured by the Indian forces with decisive artillery firepower delivered by 163 Field Regiment. During the war, Lance Naik Harjinder Singh and Gunner Bhoor Singh of this regiment were also killed.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/amarjawan/index.php?qname=&amp;qwar=1965%20India%20Pakistan%20War&amp;cur=0&amp;qunit=163%20Field%20Regiment&amp;qnum=&amp;qregt=Regiment%20Of%20Artillery&amp;qdate=|title=Amar-Jawan - A database of Indian Armed Forces Martyrs 1947-1997|date=|access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|Indo-Pak War of 1971]]'''. The regiment took part in 'Operation Cactus Lily' in t&lt;nowiki/&gt;he [[Ajnala, India|Ajnala]] sector on the Western front. It was on ORBAT of 15 Artillery Brigade under [[15th Infantry Division (India)|15 Infantry Division]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Jagjit&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Jagjit|title=Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front 1971|date=1994|publisher= Spantech &amp; Lancer|isbn=978-1897829554|page=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gunner Gundhari Singh Kaurav and Gunner Rambir Singh were killed during the war.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Azad|first=Salam|title=Contribution of India in the War of Liberation of Bangladesh|date=2006|publisher=Bookwell Publications|page=338}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''Operation Rakshak''' - The regiment took part in counter-terrorism operations in Jammu and Kashmir between October 1989 and September 1992. Subsequently, the regiment took part in 'Operation Kasba' in the [[Poonch district, India|Poonch]] sector.<br /> *'''[[Kargil War|Operation Vijay]]''' - The regiment actively participated in the 'Kargil War' and for the first time in history moved the 130 mm M-46 artillery guns from [[Zoji La]] to [[Kargil]] under heavy enemy shelling on 7 June 1999, thus replenishing the firepower by replacing the guns of [[286 Field Regiment (India)|286 Medium Regiment]], which had outlived their barrel life.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/artillery-the-battle-winning-factor-in-kargil-331321-2016-07-25|title=Artillery: The battle winning factor in Kargil|date=2016-07-25|access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *'''[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|Operation Parakram]]''' - During its tenure in [[Kupwara district|Kupwara]] sector, for counter-terrorism operations, the regiment took part in 'Operation Parakram' and 'Operation Vajra Prahar'. It was actively involved in firing at enemy gun positions during the operations.<br /> <br /> ==Military decorations and awards==<br /> The regiment was awarded the 'GOC-in-C [[Northern Command (India)|Northern Command]] Unit Citation' in January 2025.{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}<br /> <br /> Personnel from the unit have won the following gallantry awards&lt;ref name=&quot;163FdAPOcover&quot;/&gt; -<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=May 2023}}<br /> *[[Vir Chakra]] - 2<br /> **Major J Pratap, 1965, (Posthumous).{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}}<br /> **Major Harish Kumar Chopra, 1971.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/1972/O-1321-1972-0034-58847.pdf|title=Gazette of India, No 34, page 926|date=1972-08-19|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Param Vishisht Seva Medal]] - 1<br /> **Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia.<br /> *[[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] - 2<br /> **Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia, Bar.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=24335|title=Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decorations|date=2007-01-25|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=57292|title=Republic Day Gallantry and other Defence Decorations|date=2010-01-25|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Yudh Seva Medal]] - 1<br /> **Brigadier (later Lieutenant General) Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.2003.111/page/n55/|title=Gazette of India, No 12, page 445|date=2003-03-22|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Vishisht Seva Medal]] - 2<br /> ** Brigadier SK Pasricha, 1982.<br /> **Lieutenant Colonel (later Lieutenant General) Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/in.gazette.1992.25/page/n11/|title=Gazette of India, No , page 597|date=1992-07-04|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *[[Commendation Cards (Indian Army)|Chief of Army Staff Commendation Cards]] - 6<br /> **Major G Srinivas, 2002.<br /> **Subedar (TA) Wirsa Singh, 2006.<br /> **Gunner Jaswir Singh, 2006.<br /> **Lieutenant Colonel G Srinivas, 2008.<br /> **Lieutenant Colonel Diler Singh Jakhar, 2017.<br /> **Naik Mahender Singh, 2024.<br /> *Vice Chief of Army Staff Commendation Cards - 1<br /> **Subedar Major Balkar Singh, 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianarmy.nic.in/about/2009-army-day-honours-awards-list-of-awardees/vcoas-commendation-card-2009-army-day-honours-awards-list-of-awardees|title=List Of Personnel Being Awarded Vice Chief Of Army Staff Commendation Card On The Occasion Of Army Day-2009|date=2009-01-15|access-date=2023-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Commendation Cards - 26<br /> **Havildar Nirmal Singh, 1999.<br /> **Gunner Shrikant Yadav, 2006.<br /> **Gunner Sunil Rajput, 2007.<br /> **Colonel Amit Kumar Jha, 2025.<br /> **Major Desmond Cyril, 2025.<br /> <br /> ==Notable officers==<br /> * Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia {{small|PVSM, AVSM &amp; Bar, YSM, VSM}}, GOC-in-C [[Central Command (India)|Central Command]] from 2010 to 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/lieutenant-general-ahluwalia-retires-after-40-years-of-service/articleshow/12091882.cms|title=Lieutenant General Vijay Kumar Ahluwalia retires after 40 years of service|work=The Times of India |date=2012-03-01|access-date=2025-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Artillery|List of artillery regiments of Indian Army]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1963]]<br /> [[Category:Artillery regiments of the Indian Army after 1947]]</div>

Lucie45F0227 https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Entrepreneurship_Development_Institute_of_India&diff=498560 2025-03-28T10:16:15Z

<p>Lucie45F0227: new new entry needs work</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Educational Institute in Ahmedabad}}<br /> {{Use Indian English|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}<br /> {{Infobox university<br /> | name = Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India<br /> | native_name = <br /> | image_name = <br /> | motto = <br /> | mottoeng = The Goddess of wealth, Lakshmi comes to a man who is diligent like a lion<br /> | established = 1983<br /> | chairman = <br /> | director = Sunil Shukla&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Faculty Profile Director General EDII |url=https://www.ediindia.org/FacultyProfile.aspx?Id=21 |publisher=EDII |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | city = [[Ahmedabad]] <br /> | state = [[Gujarat]]<br /> | country = [[India]]<br /> | campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]<br /> | website = {{url|https://www.ediindia.org/}}<br /> | logo = <br /> | image = Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII).jpg<br /> }}<br /> The '''Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India''' (abbreviated as '''EDII''') is an autonomous body and not-for-profit institute located [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India. Established in 1983, the institute offers master's degree programmes in Entrepreneurship, a fellowship programme and a number of entrepreneurship training programmes.&lt;ref name=prog_EDII&gt;{{cite web |title=Academics of Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India |url=https://www.ediindia.org/academics/ |publisher=EDII |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Institute's founding director was [[V. G. Patel]].&lt;ref name=First_Dir_EDII&gt;{{cite web |title=Padma Shri Dr. V G Patel passed away at 79, leaves an imprint on the Discipline of Entrepreneurship |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/entrepreneurship/padma-shri-dr-v-g-patel-passed-away-at-79-leaves-an-imprint-on-the-discipline-of-entrepreneurship/articleshow/68726986.cms?from=mdr |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> EDII was established in 1983 with the active support of the [[Government of Gujarat]], [[IDBI Bank]], [[IFCI Ltd]], [[ICICI Bank]] and [[State Bank of India]]. The 23 acres of land occupied by the institute was pledged by the [[Government of Gujarat]].&lt;ref name=About_EDII&gt;{{cite web |title=About EDII |url=https://www.ediindia.org/academics/aboutus.html |publisher=EDII |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its initial aim was to help potential and existing entrepreneurs and then gradually ventured to train trainers and faculty members. One of the major achievements of the EDII is inducing entrepreneurship in the curriculum of colleges, schools, science and technology institutions, and management schools in several states of the country and also setting up entrepreneurship development centers in 12 states across India.&lt;ref name=forbes_EDII&gt;{{cite web |title=Entrepreneurship is a State of Mind: Sunil Shukla , director-general of Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/edtech-special/039entrepreneurship-is-a-state-of-mind039-sunil-shukla/57807/1 |work=[[Forbes India]] |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Entrepreneurship Development Institute to focus on start-ups in coming years |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/entrepreneurship-development-institute-to-focus-on-startups-in-coming-years/article9305392.ece |publisher=[[Business Line]] |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Academics ==<br /> EDII offers a four-year full-time Fellow Program in Management (FPM) course, a two-year PGDM program in Business Entrepreneurship (PGDM-BE), and Development Studies (DS) with the intake of 120 seats in each discipline. PGDM-BE Program is approved by AICTE and Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Dept. of Higher Education, Govt. of India and Accredited by the National Board of Accreditation. EDII is honoured with AICTE Award for Supporting Start-Ups.&lt;ref name=prog_EDII /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=EDII bags AICTE award for supporting start-ups |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/edii-bags-aicte-award-for-supporting-startups/article9927403.ece |publisher=[[Business Line]] |access-date=29 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=forbes_EDII /&gt; <br /> <br /> == Notable alumni and associates ==<br /> {{commonscat}}<br /> * [[V. G. Patel]]&lt;ref name=First_Dir_EDII /&gt;<br /> * [[Sailendra Narain]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> {{Ahmedabad topics}}<br /> [[Category:Business schools in Gujarat]]<br /> [[Category:Universities and colleges in Ahmedabad]]</div>

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