Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Mainsar

2026-05-01T19:40:50Z

Lmao: Adding a page

{{Short description|Village in Rajasthan, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mainsar
| settlement_type = Village
| map_caption = Mainsar (India)
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|27.5367|N|73.8152|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bikaner District|Bikaner]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil|Sub-District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Jasrasar]]
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 = 46.35
| population_total = 6264
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products__rajasthan.html|title=Census of India : Provisional Population Totals Paper 1 of 2011 : Rajasthan|last=ORGI}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official Language
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 334802
| registration_plate = RJ-50, RJ-07
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=18 November 2024|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
}}

'''Mainsar''' is a village in [[Jasrasar]] Tehsil of [[Bikaner District]], [[Rajasthan]], India.

People residing in this village rely on agriculture, consisting of irrigated and non-irrigated farming.

==Demographics==
According to the 2011 Census conducted by the [[Government of India]], the population of this village was 6,264, of which 3,347 were males and 2,917 were females.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Mainsar village as per 2011-Census, conducted by Government of India. |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/69598-mahramsar-rajasthan.html |access-date= 18 November 2024}}</ref>
The literacy rate was 39.69%.

Inhabitants of this village follows [[Hinduism]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population by religious community - Bikaner District |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS}}</ref>

{{Bar box|float=right|title=Religion in Mainsar village (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{cite web |title=Table C-01 Population By Religion - Rajasthan|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11390/download/14503/DDW08C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=census.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd117|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|100}}
|caption=Distribution of religions in Mainsar Village}}

[[Bagri language|Bagri]] is the most spoken language here.
[[Hindi Language|Hindi]], and [[English Language|English]] are officially used languages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Languages in Mainsar village|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10234/download/13346/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-0800.XLSX}}</ref>

{{Pie chart|thumb=left|value1=97.5|value2=1|value3=1.5|color1=yellow|color2=red|color3=Pink|caption=Languages of Mainsar village(2011)|label1=[[Bagri language|Bagri]]|label2=[[Hindi]]|label3=[[English Language|English]]}}

Pin Code (Postal Index Number Code) of this village is 334802.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pin Code of Mainsar |url=https://news.abplive.com/pincode/rajasthan/bikaner/mainsar-pincode-334802.html |work=ABP Live |access-date=18 November 2024}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Jasrasar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

[[Category:Villages in Bikaner district]]

{{Bikanerdivision-geo-stub}}

List of Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

2026-04-27T11:15:33Z

Lmao: Adding a page!

{{Short description|none}} 

{{Infobox caste
|caste_name=Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana
|classification=[[Scheduled Caste]]
|languages=[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|populated_states=[[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]]
|population=13,878,078
|status=
|official_website=
|region=[[South India]]
|country={{flag|India}}
|subdivisions=Andhra Pradesh - 59 
Telangana - 59
|image=
|caption=
|religions=
|employment_reservation=15%
}}

The [[Dalit|Dalits]], once referred to as "untouchables" and currently recognized as [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] by official designation, make up around one-sixth of India's population.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Jammanna |first1=Akepogu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOa2DQAAQBAJ |title=Dalits' Struggle for Social Justice in Andhra Pradesh (1956-2008): From Relays to Vacuum Tubes |last2=Sudhakar |first2=Pasala |date=2016-12-14 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-4496-3 |language=en}}</ref> These Scheduled Castes are predominantly concentrated in rural areas. Throughout centuries, they have endured the status of second-class citizens and were often excluded from India's [[Varna (Hinduism)|varna system]], a social hierarchy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI_1.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126153125/https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/COI_1.pdf |archive-date=2021-11-26 |access-date=2023-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED CASTES) ORDER, 1950 |title=LIST OF SCHEDULED CASTES |url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/writereaddata/UploadFile/Compendium-2016.pdf}}</ref>

As per the [[2011 census of India]], in the [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|United State of Andhra Pradesh]], the total population of Scheduled Castes is 13,878,078 individuals, comprising 6,913,047 males and 6,965,031 females. Out of this population, 10,846,333 people live in rural areas. This represents approximately 6.89% of India's total Scheduled Caste population, which stands at 201,378,086.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - A-10 Appendix: District wise scheduled caste population (Appendix), Andhra Pradesh - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42907 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

Andhra Pradesh, prior to the formation of [[Telangana]], comprised 60 distinct castes. Following the creation of Telangana, the Beda (Budga) Jangam caste was excluded from the list of [[Andhra Pradesh]], while the Godagali caste was removed from Telangana. Consequently, each state now consists of 59 castes, reshaping the demographic composition in the aftermath of the state division.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Scheduled Castes {{!}} Department of Social Justice and Empowerment - Government of India |url=https://socialjustice.gov.in/common/76750 |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=socialjustice.gov.in}}</ref>

== Scheduled Castes in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana are{{Static row numbers}} ==
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
! rowspan="2" |Caste Name
! colspan="2" |Population (2011)
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! width="50px" style="font-size:80%" |Andhra Pradesh
! width="50px" style="font-size:80%" |Telangana
|-
|[[Adi Andhra]]
|204,235
|2,289
|mostly concentrated in districts of [[Godavari District|Godavari]] and [[Chittoor district|Chittoor]]
|-
|[[Adi Dravida]]
|265,438
|651
|mostly concentrated in bordering districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] to [[Tamil Nadu]]
|-
|Anamuk
|26
|17
|
|-
|Aray Mala
|1,401
|1,992
|
|-
|[[Arunthathiyar|Arundhatiya]]
|30,083
|107
|
|-
|Arwa Mala
|5,087
|8,398
|
|-
|Bariki
|1,311
|83
|
|-
|Bavuri
|763
|127
|
|-
|[[Beda Jangam|Beda (Budga) Jangam]]
|{{eliminated|Removed}}
|111,710
|in the districts of [[Hyderabad district, India|Hyderabad]], [[Ranga Reddy district|Ranga Reddy]], [[Mahabubnagar district|Mahbubnagar]], [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]], [[Nizamabad district|Nizamabad]], [[Medak district|Medak]], [[Karimnagar district|Karimnagar]], [[Warangal district|Warangal]], [[Khammam district|Khammam]] and [[Nalgonda district|Nalgonda]] districts
|-
|Bindla
|1,733
|13,082
|
|-
|Byagara, Byagari
|168
|9,672
|
|-
|Chachati
|1,341
|125
|
|-
|[[Chalavadi]]
|178
|160
|
|-
|[[Chamar]], Mochi, Muchi, Chamar-Ravidas, Chamar-Rohidas
|3,312
|17,068
|
|-
|[[Chambhar]]
|42
|632
|
|-
|[[Chandala]]
|12
|64
|
|-
|Dakkal, Dokkalwar
|1,262
|2,558
|
|-
|Dandasi
|5,265
|86
|mostly concentrated in [[Srikakulam district]]
|-
|Dhor
|83
|2,146
|
|-
|[[Dom (caste)|Dom]], Dombara, Paidi, Pano
|37,243
|1,926
|mostly concentrated in [[Vizianagaram district]]
|-
|Ellamalawar, Yellammalawandlu
|878
|504
|
|-
|Ghasi, Haddi, Relli Chachandi
|3,009
|84
|
|-
|Godagali
|2,782
|{{eliminated|Removed}}
|Godagula (in the districts of [[Srikakulam district|Srikakulam]], [[Vizianagaram district|Vizianagaram]], and [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]])
|-
|Godari
|812
|208
|
|-
|[[Gosangi]]
|50
|23,351
|
|-
|[[Holeya]]
|84
|442
|
|-
|Holeya Dasari
|2,559
|8,482
|
|-
|Jaggali
|541
|2,579
|
|-
|[[Jambuvulu]]
|6,677
|108
|mostly concentrated in [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]] district
|-
|Kolupulvandlu, Pambada, Pambanda, Pambala
|170
|931
|
|-
|Madasi Kuruva, Madari Kuruva
|3,136
|3,707
|
|-
|[[Madiga]]
|3,468,967
|3,233,642
|
|-
|Madiga Dasu, Mashteen
|6,205
|1,663
|
|-
|[[Mahar]]
|4,300
|31,938
|mostly concentrated in [[Adilabad district|Adilabad]] district
|-
|[[Mala (Community)|Mala]], Mala Ayawaru
|4,043,101
|1,527,143
|
|-
|Mala Dasari
|9,711
|6,630
|
|-
|Mala Dasu
|10,829
|925
|
|-
|Mala Hannai
|62
|37
|
|-
|Malajangam
|297
|3,187
|
|-
|Mala Masti
|675
|108
|
|-
|Mala Sale, [[Nethakani|Netkani]]
|175
|133,072
|mostly concentrated in Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal districts
|-
|Mala Sanyasi
|30
|162
|
|-
|[[Mang (caste)|Mang]]
|105
|13,260
|mostly concentrated in Adilabad district
|-
|[[Garodi|Mang Garodi]]
|5
|1,392
|
|-
|Manne
|10,725
|29,656
|mostly concentrated in Adilabad district
|-
|Mashti
|209
|1,246
|
|-
|[[Mang (caste)|Matangi]]
|26
|704
|
|-
|[[Mehtar (caste)|Mehtar]]
|64
|6,973
|
|-
|Mitha Ayyalvar
|25
|3,118
|
|-
|Mundala
|410
|212
|
|-
|Paky, Moti, [[Thoti]]
|4,509
|947
|
|-
|Pamidi
|2,756
|51
|
|-
|Panchama, [[Paraiyar|Pariah]]
|925
|63
|
|-
|[[Relli (caste)|Relli]]
|132,583
|3,025
|
|-
|Samagara
|83
|1,046
|
|-
|[[Paraiyar|Samban]]
|3,646
|108
|mostly concentrated in [[Nellore district|Nellore]] district<ref>{{Cite web |title=India, Andhra Pradesh state, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district people groups {{!}} Joshua Project |url=https://joshuaproject.net/states_districts/IN/IN02/IN02019 |access-date=2024-07-03 |website=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> and a few in [[Prakasam district|Prakasam]] district<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakasam District Caste census |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42907/download/46575/SC-28-PCA-A10-APPENDIX.xlsx}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prakasam District Census |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42907}}</ref>
|-
|Sapru
|422
|44
|
|-
|Sindhollu, Chindollu
|59
|3,872
|
|-
|Yatala
|941
|163
|
|-
|Valluvan
|717
|92
|
|}

== See also ==

* [[Karamchedu massacre]]
* [[Tsundur massacre]]
* [[Neerukonda massacre]]

*[[List of Telugu castes]]
*[[List of Scheduled Tribes in India#Andhra Pradesh|List of Scheduled Tribes in Andhra Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Lists of Scheduled Castes by state]]
[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:Social groups of Telangana]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Andhra Pradesh|*]]
[[Category:Scheduled Castes of Telangana|*]]

Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy

2026-04-24T13:31:45Z

Lmao: Adding a stub!

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |1974
|02|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Prakasam district]], Andhra Pradesh, India
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Member of Legislative Assembly Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2024
| predecessor = [[Burra Madhu Sudhan Yadav]]
| constituency = [[Kanigiri Assembly constituency|Kanigiri]]
| party = [[Telugu Desam Party]]
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 = 2014
| constituency1 = [[Kanigiri Assembly constituency|Kanigiri]]
| predecessor1 = [[Erigineni Thirupathi Naidu]]
| other_party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| occupation = Politician
| successor1 = [[Kadiri Babu Rao]]
}}
'''Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy''' (born 8 February 1974) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is a member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from [[Kanigiri Assembly constituency]] in [[Prakasam district]]. He represents [[Telugu Desam Party]] and won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] where TDP had an alliance with [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and [[Jana Sena Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Ugra Narasimha Reddy Mukku, TDP Candidate from Kanigiri Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing – News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/andhra-pradesh/dr-ugra-narasimha-reddy-mukku-assembly-candidate-s01aed2008a113e2024c002/ |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kanigiri Assembly Election Results 2024: Kanigiri Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share – IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/andhra-pradesh/kanigiri-constituency-result-1113 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Reddy is from Kanigiri, Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh. His father, Chinna Narasa Reddy Mukku, was a former sarpanch and his mother, Rattamma, was a former ZPTC member. He and his wife are doctors. He completed his MBBS in 2000 at J.J.M Medical College, [[Davanagere]] which is affiliated with [[Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mukku Ugra Narasimha Reddy(TDP):Constituency- Kanigiri (Prakasam) – Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/andhrapradesh2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=4910 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Reddy started his political journey with the Youth wing of the [[Indian National Congress]] in early 2000. He was first elected as a Congress MLA winning the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Nandam |first=Naresh |date=2024-01-26 |title=Dr Ugra vows to put an end to migration from Kanigri |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/dr-ugra-vows-to-put-an-end-to-migration-from-kanigri-853929 |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref> He polled 60,161 votes and defeated his closest opponent, Sunkari Madhu Sudhana Rao, an independent candidate, by a margin of 2,935 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanigiri Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Kanigiri Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly-election/kanigiri-constituency/ |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

He became the [[Prakasam district]] Congress committee president in 2015. In 2019, he joined Telugu Desam Party.<ref name=":1" /> He won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Kanigiri Assembly constituency]] representing [[Telugu Desam Party]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanigiri Constituency Election Results 2024: Kanigiri Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/andhra-pradesh/constituency-show/kanigiri |access-date=2024-06-22 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, he polled 107,045 and defeated his nearest rival, Daddala Narayana Yadav of the YSR Congress Party, by a margin of 14,604 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanigiri Election Results 2024 {{!}} Andhra pradesh Election Results {{!}} Elections 2024 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/andhra-assembly-election-results-2024/kanigiri |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ugra Narasimha Reddy, Mukku}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Telugu Desam Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Prakasam district]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]

Mina Kumari

2026-04-20T04:31:44Z

Lmao: Adding a biography

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{for|the Indian actress|Meena Kumari}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{infobox officeholder
| name = Mina Kumari
| image = Mina Kumari.jpg
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1989|04|05}}<ref>{{cite web |title=बिहार विधान सभा सचिवालय - सप्तदश बिहार विधान सभा मे माननीय सदस्यों की जन्म तिथि एवं टर्मवार सूची |url=https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427090929/https://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/priority%20List.pdf |archive-date=27 April 2023 |url-status=live |language=Hindi}}</ref>
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| party = {{Party index link|Janata Dal (United)}}
| occupation = [[Indian politician|Politician]]
| spouse = Raman Kumar
| office = Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2020
| predessor =
| constituency = [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency|Babubarhi]]
| predecessor1 = [[Kapil Deo Kamat]]
}}

'''Mina Kumari''' (born 5 April 1989)<ref name=":1" /> is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]]. She is an MLA from [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency]] in [[Madhubani district]], representing [[Janata Dal (United)|Janata Dal (United) Party]]. She won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar election result 2020: Seat wise full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/bihar-assembly-polls-2020/story/bihar-election-result-full-list-of-winners-1739762-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Bihar Election Results 2020: Full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bihar-election-results-2020-live-updates-jdu-bjp-rjd-ljp-7039361/ |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> She retained the seat for JD (U) in the next election in 2025.

== Early life and education ==
Kumari is from Babubarhi, [[Madhubani district]]. She married Raman Kumar, a government teacher. She completed her post graduation in Hindi in 2019 at [[Lalit Narayan Mithila University]], [[Darbhanga]], [[Bihar]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mina Kumari(Janata Dal (United)(JD(U))):Constituency- BABUBARHI(MADHUBANI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Bihar2020/candidate.php?candidate_id=13020 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> She is the daughter in law of veteran JDU leader [[Kapil Deo Kamat]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/bihar-news/bihar-assembly-elections-2025-babubarhi-vidhan-sabha-seat-rjd-vs-jdu-fight-9485021|title=Mina Kamat wins elections to Baburahi Assembly constituency|website=NDTV|accessdate=25 November 2025}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumari won the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Babubarhi Assembly constituency]] representing [[Janata Dal (United)]] Party. She polled 77,367 votes and defeated her nearest rival, [[Uma Kant Yadav]] of [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]], by a margin of 11,488 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |date=2020-11-10 |title=Babubarhi Bihar Election 2020 Final Results LIVE:JD(U) Candidate MINA KUMARI wins from Babubarhi, Bihar |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/india/babubarhi-bihar-election-2020-results-live-vote-counting-begins-at-8-am-stay-tuned-for-updates-1385709 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=ABP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Babubarhi Election Result 2020 Live Updates: Mina Kumari of JDU Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/babubarhi-election-result-2020-live-updates-babubarhi-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3060971.html |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title=Babubarhi Election Results 2020 Live Updates: जानिए बाबूबरही विधानसभा सीट का परिणाम |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/story/babubarhi-election-results-bihar-vidhan-sabha-chunav-2020-ailb-1159885-2020-11-10 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

In 2025, she contested the Bihar Legislative Assembly election from the same Baburahi Assembly constituency and defeated Arun Kumar Singh of Rashtriya Janata Dal to become the MLA for the second time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S0434.htm|title=Baburahi Assembly constituency result 2025|website=Election Commission of India|accessdate=25 November 2025}}</ref> She polled 98,221 votes and won by a margin of 17,568.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-15|title=Bihar Assembly election result 2025: Winners and losers from NDA|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bihar-assembly-election-result-2025-the-winners-and-the-losers-from-nda/articleshow/125323050.cms|access-date=2026-04-10|work=The Times of India|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Mina}}
[[Category:Janata Dal (United) politicians]]
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Madhubani district]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]

{{Bihar-JDU-politician-stub}}

Kailash Gangwal

2026-04-19T22:15:33Z

Lmao: started new info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Kailash Gangwal
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| birth_name =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
| occupation = Politician
| spouse =
| children =
| education =
| website =
| office = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Madipur Assembly constituency|Madipur]]
| term_start = 8 February 2025
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Girish Soni]]
| successor =
}}

'''Kailash Gangwal''' is an Indian politician from Delhi and a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]. He was elected to the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] in the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025 election]], representing [[Madipur Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Madipur Election Results 2025: How Kailash Gangwal, Rakhi Birla performed in Madipur constituency |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/delhi/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-results-how-kailash-gangwal-rakhi-birla-performed-in-madipur-constituency-3396510 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kailash Gangwal, Madipur (SC) BJP Election Results 2025: Kailash Gangwal Vidhan Sabha Chunav Political Career, Education, News in Hindi कैलाश गंगवाल मादीपुर (एससी)- AajTak |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/delhi/candidate-kailash-gangwal-449 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kailash Gangwal(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- MADIPUR(WEST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Delhi2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=815 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Madipur Election Results 2025 Live: Kailash Gangwal leading in Madipur with 11826 Vote margin |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/madipur-election-results-2025-live-updates-rakhi-birla-kailash-gangwal-leading-trailing-winner-latest-news/3741390/ |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Madipur">{{cite news |date=8 February 2025 |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Madipur |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0526.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219133836/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0526.htm |archivedate=19 February 2025 |accessdate=19 February 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Madipur Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |date=8 February 2025 |title=Madipur Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/madipur |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219135008/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/madipur |archivedate=19 February 2025 |accessdate=19 February 2025 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gangwal, Kailash}}
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Delhi-BJP-politician-stub}}

Nandita Debbarma

2026-04-11T10:16:21Z

Lmao: Adding article

{{short description|Member of 13th Tripura Assembly}}
{{use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nandita Debbarma
| office = Member of the [[Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
| party = [[Tipra Motha Party]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Raima Valley Assembly constituency|Raima Valley]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|12|06|df=yes}}
| citizenship = [[India]]n
| occupation = [[Housewife]]
| profession = [[Politician]]
| image = Nandita Debbarma Reang MLA.jpg
| caption = Nandita Debbarma Reang in 2023
}}
'''Nandita Debbarma Reang'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of India |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS2344.htm?ac=44 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandita Debbarma(Reang): Tripura Assembly Election Results Live, Candidates News, Videos, Photos |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/nandita-debbarma-reang-raima-valley-candidate-s23a044c002/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician of the [[Tipra Motha Party]]. She is a member of the [[2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|2023 Tripura Legislative Assembly]], representing the [[Raima Valley Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandita Debbarma Reang Election Results 2023: News, Votes, Results of Tripura Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/tripura-assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/nandita-debbarma-reang-23044-3 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Political career ==
Nandita Debbarma Reang became the first woman legislator from Raima Valley constituency.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandita Debbarma(Reang) in Tripura Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/tripura/nandita-debbarma-reang-raima-valley-candidate-s23a044c002/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> On July 7, 2023, Nandita was suspended from Tripura Legislative Assembly budget session along with 5 others after staging a protest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tripura: Five Opposition MLAs Suspended Over Ruckus In Assembly |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/tripura-five-oppositionmlassuspendedoverruckusinassembly |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Debbarma, Nandita}}
[[Category:People from Tripura]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tipra Motha Party politicians]]
[[Category:Tripura MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Tripura Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Dhalai district]]
[[Category:1983 births]]

{{Tripura-politician-stub}}

Faruk Kaiser

2026-04-10T23:17:13Z

Lmao: starting the info and citations

{{Short description|Indian french poet and lyricist (1918–1987)}}
[[File:Faruk Kaiser.jpg|thumb|alt=Full-length profile of the lyricist Faruk Kaiser.|Faruk Kaiser on his wedding day]]

'''Faruk Kaiser''' (6 June 1918 – 10 November 1987) was an [[Urdu poet]] and a renowned lyricist in [[India]], making a significant contribution to the success of many [[Bollywood]] films. He was one of the dominating forces of music in [[Cinema of India|Indian Cinema]] during the 1950s through the 1980s. He contributed to more than 115 movies and 390 songs.

==Early life==

Faruk Kaiser was born in 1918 into a jeweller's family. He was to be the second eldest of 12 children and was educated in [[Bombay]] (present day Mumbai). Faruk had an enquiring mind and, even as a child, exhibited a keen interest in reading books and newspapers, and later in the wireless.
Faruk's mother died when he was 18; shortly after that he left his family home and found lodgings in a friend's tailoring premises. Here, he devoted his time to further learning: immersing himself in poetry, literature, educational books, newspapers, magazines, and almost anything available in print, whilst also learning languages besides his native [[Urdu]].

==His Move Into Bollywood==
[[File:Farooq Kaiser.jpg|thumb|upright=.8|left|alt=side profile of Faruk Kaiser later in life|Faruk Kaiser]]

Faruk's love for poetry and his friendship with neighbour Kamran Khan (father of [[Farah Khan]] and [[Sajid Khan (director)]]) were instrumental in his developing an enthusiasm for the creative works of [[Hindi Cinema]]. While Kamran Khan produced and acted in films, Faruk was introduced into the [[Bollywood]] scene as an assistant director, whose expertise was frequently sought to modify dialogues and revamp scenes. He went on to direct several movies until he found his niche as a lyricist.

==Personal life==

Among his many colleagues in the film industry, Faruk was a great friend of actor Kamal Mohan, who was the father of six sons and one daughter. Kamal Mohan proposed his daughter Aisha's hand in marriage to his dear friend and confidant Faruk- who took an immediate liking for her.
During their courtship, he penned the lyrics of ''Sari Sari Raat Teri Yaad Sataye'' for the movie ''Aji Bas Shukriya'' (1958) while she was stricken with tuberculosis and hospitalised in Bombay for a year.
Soon after Aisha's discharge from hospital in 1959, they married and moved to [[Bandra]]. Faruk's career had developed and his work took him all over India; during his many travels he wrote diligently to his wife and soulmate. It was during his travels, on a shoot in 1963, that he wrote the song ''Oee Ma Oee Ma Yeh Kya Ho Gaya'' for the movie [[Parasmani]] (1963)

Faruk and Aisha had three children, one son, Shakil (born 1960), and two daughters, Bilkis Whelan (1962–2003) and Tabassum (1963–1983).

==Awards==
A revered Bollywood lyricist, and a member of the Indian Performing Rights Society,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iprs.org/cms/membership/members.aspx |title=Mem |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803151910/http://www.iprs.org/cms/Membership/Members.aspx |archive-date=2018-08-03 }}</ref> Faruk Kaiser's laurels include -but not limited to-

* ''The Golden Disc'' to commemorate the 500,000 Unit Record Sale of the Sound Track of the film [[Qurbani (film)|Qurbani]] in 1980 (Polydor)
* ''Double Platinum Disc'' for the movie [[Khudgarz]] in 1987 (Venus India Ltd)
* ''Double Platinum Disc'' for the movie [[Kudrat Ka Kanoon]] (Super Cassettes Industries Pvt Ltd)
* ''Platinum Disc'' for the movie [[Bhagwan Dada]] (Super Cassettes Industries Pvt. Ltd.)
* ''Platinum Disc'' for the movie [[Insaaf (1987 film)|Insaaf]] in 1987 (Venus India Ltd)
* ''Platinum Disc'' in recognition of outstanding sales performance (Gramophone Records and Tapes India Ltd.)
* ''Platinum Disc'' for Bappi's Music Lover in 1985 (Music India Ltd)

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Gold Platinum Award.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=Gold disc award of Faruk Kaiser for Qurbani|Faruk Kaiser's Golden Disc accolade for [[Qurbani (film)|Qurbani]]]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Double Platinum Disc accolade for Khudgarz.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=double platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser for Khudgarz|Faruk Kaiser's Double Platinum Disc accolade for Khudgarz]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Double Platinum Disc for Kudrat ka kanoon.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=double platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser for Kudrat ka kanooon|Faruk Kaiser's Double Platinum Disc accolade for Kudrat Ka Kanoon]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc Award for Bhagwan Dada.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser for Bhagwan Dada|Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc accolade for Bhagwan Dada]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc for Insaaf.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser for Insaaf|Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc accolade for [[Insaaf (1987 film)|Insaaf]]]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc accolade.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser|Faruk Kaiser's Platinum accolade recognition]]

[[File:Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc for Bappi's Music Lover.jpg|thumb|left|300px|alt=platinum disc award of Faruk Kaiser|Faruk Kaiser's Platinum Disc for [[Bappi]]'s Music Lover]]

==Notable works==

Some of Faruk Kaiser's writings include the following songs:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://myswar.com/artist/farooq-qaiser |title=Farooq Qaiser |website=MySwar |access-date=2015-04-28 |archive-date=2016-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818200416/http://myswar.com/artist/farooq-qaiser }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Song title !! Movie !! Year !! Director !! Singer !! Cast
|-
|Purana Tera Khunta Oye Dhakka Laga|| ''Abhimanyu''|| 1989 ||Tony Juneja ||Alka Yagnik ||Anil Kapoor, Kimi Katkar, Poonam Dhillon
|-
|Sari Sari Raat Teri Yaad Sataye|| ''Aji Bas Shukriya'' || 1958|| Mohammed Hussain ||[[Lata Mangeshkar]] ||Suresh, Geeta Bali, Johny Walker, Shammi, Anwar Hussan, Agha, Shobha Khote
|-
|Bedardi Nazaren Milaa Ke Kah De Kyaa Hai Teri Marzi ||''Aji Bas Shukriya'' || 1958 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Lata Mangeshkar|| Suresh, Geeta Bali, Johny Walker, Shammi, Anwar Hussan, Agha, Shobha Khote
|-
|Sach Kahataa Hai Johnny Walker || ''Aji Bas Shukriya'' || 1958 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosale ||Suresh, Geeta Bali, Johny Walker, Shammi, Anwar Hussan, Agha, Shobha Khote
|-
|Tum Aur Main Aur Yeh Bekhudi ||''Aitbaar''|| 1985 ||Mukul Anand ||Asha Bhosale ||Dimple Kapadia, Raj Babbar, Suresh Oberoi
|-
|Tumhari Chand Si Surat Pe Hamko Pyar|| ''Apna Khoon Apna Dushman'' ||1969|| Kamran Khan|| Mohammed Rafi, [[Asha Bhosle]]|| Dara Singh, Anjum, Mumtaz Begum
|-
|Khata Maaf Karna Humari Khudaya ||''Apna Khoon Apna Dushman''|| 1969 ||Kamran Khan ||Asha Bhosle|| Dara Singh, Anjum, Mumtaz Begum
|-
|Chhapan Chhuri Hai Mera Naam|| ''Apna Khoon Apna Dushman''|| 1969 ||Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosle, Usha Timothy|| Dara Singh, Anjum, Mumtaz Begum
|-
|Zara Nazre Mila ||''Apna Khoon Apna Dushman'' ||1969|| Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosle|| Dara Singh, Anjum, Mumtaz Begum
|-
|Irada Na Tha Aap Se Pyar Ka || ''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' ||1964 ||Mohammed Hussain ||[[Suman Kalyanpur]], Mohammed Rafi ||Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Ek Taraf Hai Maa Ki Chhaya ||''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' || 1964 ||Mohammed Hussain ||Mohammed Rafi|| Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Chand Gagan Me Ek Hai || ''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' || 1964|| Mohammed Hussain || Mubarak Begum || Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Baaje Pag Pag Payal Mori Kaise Aau || ''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' ||1964 ||Mohammed Hussain|| [[Usha Mangeshkar]]|| Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Dil Laya Mai Bacha Ke Punjab Se ||''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' || 1964 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur|| Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Ye Pyar Hai Aandhi Aur Toofan || ''Aandhi Aur Toofan'' ||1964 ||Mohammed Hussain || Kamal Barot, Usha Mangeshkar ||Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Jeevan
|-
|Rukhsana Rukhsana Dekho Ji ||''Beqasoor'' ||1969|| Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi|| Sanjana, [[Meenakshi Shirodkar]], Dara Singh
|-
|Mohabbat Se Keh Do ||''Beqasoor''|| 1969|| Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosle ||Sanjana, Meenakshi Shirodkar, Dara Singh
|-
|O Sanam Mera Saath Dena ||''Beqasoor''|| 1969|| Kamran Khan|| Suman Kalyanpur, Mohammed Rafi ||Sanjana, Meenakshi Shirodkar, Dara Singh
|-
|Naam Gulabi Hai Mera ||''Beqasoor''|| 1969|| Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosale ||Sanjana, Meenakshi Shirodkar, Dara Singh
|-
|Aaya Aaya Pyaar Ka Zamana ||''Bhagwan Dada'' ||1986 ||J. Om Prakash ||Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Aziz|| Sridevi, Rakesh Roshan
|-
|Aaj Hi Dil Tu De (Super Fast Love) || ''Bhagwan Dada'' ||1986 ||J. Om Prakash|| Kishore Kumar, [[Anuradha Paudwal]]|| Sridevi, Rakesh Roshan
|-
|Naach Mere Lala Holi Khele Nandlal||''Datta''||1989||Sultan Ahmed||Sapna Mukherjee, Nalin Dave||Shammi Kapoor, Suresh Oberoi, Mithun Chakraborty
|-
| Auva Auva – Koi Yahaan Aha Naache Naache|| ''Disco Dancer'' || 1982|| Babbar Subhash|| Usha Uthup (Usha Iyer), [[Bappi Lahiri]] ||Mithun Chakraborty, Rajesh Khanna, Om Puri
|-
|Yahan To Kate Mauj Se Zindagi ||''Faulad'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosale ||Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Minoo Mumtaz, Randhir Kapoor
|-
|Dil Hai Humara Phul Se Nazuk ||''Faulad'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Mohammed Rafi || Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Minoo Mumtaz, Randhir Kapoor
|-
|O Matware Saajna ||''Faulad'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosale || Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Minoo Mumtaz, Randhir Kapoor
|-
|Yaad Tori Aayi ||''Faulad'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosale || Dara Singh, Mumtaz, Minoo Mumtaz, Randhir Kapoor
|-
|Mere Malik Mere Maula|| ''Hamaara Khandaan''|| 1988 ||Anwar Pasha ||Ila Arun|| Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Mere Mehboob Ruk Jao, Ab Afsana Baki Hai|| ''Hamaara Khandaan''|| 1988 ||Anwar Pasha ||Anuradha Paudwal, Mohd Aziz|| Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Tum Sochatee Ho Shayad Mai Tumko Chhod Dunga || ''Hamaara Khandaan''|| 1988|| Anwar Pasha ||Anuradha Paudwal, Mohd Aziz ||Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Dilbar Jani Gale Laga Le, Ek Mint Ki Baat Hai || ''Hamaara Khandaan''|| 1988 ||Anwar Pasha|| Alka Yagnik, Shabbir Kumar|| Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Maine Bhi Ek Geet Likha Hai Teri Surat Dekh Kar || ''Hamaara Khandaan''|| 1988|| Anwar Pasha|| Shabbir Kumar ||Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Mere Mehboob Kuch Bai Ho Abhi Afsana Baki Hai ||''Hamaara Khandaan'' ||1988 ||Anwar Pasha|| Anuradha Paudwal, Mohd Aziz|| Rishi Kapoor, Farha Naaz, Kiran Juneja, Alok Nath, Amrish Puri
|-
|Unki Nazaro Se Koi Nazare Mila Ke Puche || ''Hanste Rehna''|| 1950 || || Khan Mastana|| Mukri, Habib, Arvind Kumar, Hira
|-
|Mai To Chanda Ke Sang Khelu Aankh Michauli || ''Hanste Rehna''|| 1950 || || Leela Mehta ||Mukri, Habib, Arvind Kumar, Hira
|-
|Disco Disco Aa Ha Aa Ha Disco ||''Hum Se Na Jeeta Koi''|| 1983|| Shibu Mishra|| [[Sharon Prabhakar]] ||Shoma Anand, Randhir Kapoor, Birbal, Mohan Choti
|-
|Dil Hai Ke Dhadakta || ''Jahan Pyar Mile''|| 1969|| Lekh Tandon ||Mohammed Rafi ||Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Nadira
|-
|Baat Zara Hai Aapas Ki || ''Jahan Pyar Mile''|| 1969 ||Lekh Tandon ||Sharda || Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Nadira
|-
|Nas Nas Mein Agan ||''Jahan Pyar Mile'' ||1969 ||Lekh Tandon ||Lata Mangeshkar|| Shashi Kapoor, Hema Malini, Nadira
|-
|Teri Nazar Ne Kiya Kya Ishara ||''Jaalsaz'' ||1969|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi ||Dara Singh, Bambi, Agha, Bela Bose
|-
|Dil To Hamar Lai Lai ||''Jaalsaz''|| 1969|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosale|| Dara Singh, Bambi, Agha, Bela Bose
|-
|Allah Ho Akbar ||''Jaanbaaz'' ||1986|| Feroz Khan|| Mahesh Gadhvi & Raju|| Anil Kapoor, Feroz Khan, Amrish Puri, Dimple Kapadia, Sridevi, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|Jaanbaaz Jaanbaaz Jaan Ki Baazi Lagane Wala Hota Hai|| ''Jaanbaaz''|| 1986 ||Feroz Khan ||Mahesh Gadhavi, Nitu ||Anil Kapoor, Feroz Khan, Amrish Puri, Dimple Kapadia, Sridevi, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|Baad Muddat Ke Hum Tum Mile ||''Kaash''|| 1987|| [[Mahesh Bhatt]] ||Kishore Kumar ||Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
|Kya Hai Tumhaara Naam Alladin Alladin || ''Kaash''|| 1987 ||Mahesh Bhatt|| Mehmood, Mohammed Aziz, Sonali Vajpayee ||Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
|Phool Yeh Kahaan Se Aaya Hai Bolu ||''Kaash''|| 1987|| Mahesh Bhatt|| Kishore Kumar, Sadhana Sargam|| Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
|Chhoti Si Hai Baat Koyi Nahin Jane|| ''Kaash''|| 1987|| Mahesh Bhatt ||Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Aziz ||Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
|Baad Muddat Ke Hum Tum Mile ||''Kaash'' ||1987|| Mahesh Bhatt ||Kishore Kumar ||Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
| O Yaara Tu Pyaaron Se Hai Pyaara|| ''Kaash''|| 1987|| Mahesh Bhatt|| Anupama Deshpande, Kishore Kumar|| Mehmood, Jackie Shroff, Dimple Kapadia, Anupam Kher
|-
|Log Kehte Hain ||''Khudgarz''|| 1987|| Rakesh Roshan|| Sadhana Sargam, Mohammed Aziz ||Jeetendra, Shatrughan Sinha, Bhanupriya, Govinda
|-
|Mukhadaa Chaand Kaa Tukadaa|| [[Kudrat Ka Kanoon|''Kudrat Ka Kanoon'']]|| 1987|| S.A. Chandrashekhar|| Alka Yagnik||Hema Malini, Radhika, Jackie Shroff,
|-
| Muskurata Hua Gul Khilata Hua|| ''Lahu Ke Do Rang'' ||1979|| Mahesh Bhatt ||Kishore Kumar ||Vinod Khanna, Shabana Azmi, Danny Denzongpa, Helen
|-
| Pyar Pyar Pyar, Chaahie Thodaa Pyaar ||''Lahu Ke Do Rang''|| 1979|| Mahesh Bhatt ||Kishore Kumar|| Vinod Khanna, Shabana Azmi, Danny Denzongpa, Helen
|-
| Zid Na Karo Ab To Ruko|| ''Lahu Ke Do Rang'' ||1979 ||Mahesh Bhatt|| Yesudas ||Vinod Khanna, Shabana Azmi, Danny Denzongpa, Helen
|-
|Mausam Mastaba Hai Dil Deewana Hai ||''Laalach''|| 1983 ||Shankar Nag|| Kishore Kumar, Lata Mangeshkar|| Vinod Mehra, Bindiya Goswami, Pran Ranjeet, Anant Nag
|-
|Nazar Bhi Khoyi Khoyi Hai Kadam Bhi Dagmagaye Hai ||''Madari''|| 1959|| Babubhai Mistri ||Lata Mangeshkar|| Chitra, Anjan
|-
|Akeli Mohe Chhod Na Jana O Mera Dil Todh Na Jana ||''Madari''|| 1959 ||Babubhai Mistri|| Kamal Barot, Lata Mangeshkar|| Chitra, Anjan
|-
|Dil Lootnewale Jadugar|| ''Madari'' ||1959|| Babubhai Mistri ||Mukesh, Lata Mangeshkar ||Chitra, Anjan
|-
|Aaj Babua Bhaye Kotwal || ''Mahaadev'' ||1989|| Raj N. Sippy|| Mohammed Aziz, S Janaki|| Vinod Khanna, Raj Babbar, Meenakshi Seshadri, Sonu Walia, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher
|-
|Dilwale Raat Hai Jawan ||''Mahaadev''|| 1989|| Raj N. Sippy|| Asha Bhosle || Vinod Khanna, Raj Babbar, Meenakshi Seshadri, Sonu Walia, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher
|-
|Mujhe Baho Me Bhar Ke Dekh Le ||''Mahaadev''|| 1989|| Raj N. Sippy|| S P Balasubramaniam, Anuradha Paudwal || Vinod Khanna, Raj Babbar, Meenakshi Seshadri, Sonu Walia, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher
|-
|Rim Jhim Rim Jhim ||''Mahaadev'' ||1989|| Raj N. Sippy ||Suresh Wadkar, Asha Bhosle || Vinod Khanna, Raj Babbar, Meenakshi Seshadri, Sonu Walia, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher
|-
|Fikar Na Kar Pyare || ''Mahaadev''|| 1989 ||Raj N. Sippy|| Asha Bhosle || Vinod Khanna, Raj Babbar, Meenakshi Seshadri, Sonu Walia, Shakti Kapoor and Anupam Kher
|-
|Wo Aaye Hai Dil Ko Karar Aa Gaya || ''Malika Salomi'' ||1953 ||Mohammed Hussain ||Sulochana Kadam ||Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Tadpati Hai Meri Ashko Me ||''Malika Salomi'' ||1953 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Madhubala Jhaveri ||Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Katar Daale Hain Par Sayyaad Ne Varanaa Ye Dikhalaate ||''Malika Salomi'' ||1953|| Mohammed Hussain ||Madhubala Jhaveri|| Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Aayi Sawan Ruth || ''Malika Salomi'' ||1953|| Mohammed Hussain|| Meena Kapoor|| Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Khanjar Se Apne Chir Na Sina|| ''Malika Salomi'' ||1953|| Mohammed Hussain ||Sulochana Kadam, Iqbal || Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Mai Matwali Nagin Hu || ''Malika Salomi'' || 1953|| Mohammed Hussain ||Meena Kapoor || Kamran, Roopa Verman, Krishna Kumari, Helen
|-
|Aaja Aaja Ke Dil Ko Teri Yaad Aayi|| ''O Tera Kya Kahna'' ||1959|| K. Parvez|| Lata Mangeshkar ||Mehmood, Chitra, Helen, Bhagwan, Kammo, Sheikh Mukhtar, Fazlu, Shyam Kumar, Renu Maker
|-
|Oee Maa Oee Maa, Yeh Kya Ho Gaya|| ''Parasmani''|| 1963 ||Babubhai Mistri|| Lata Mangeshkar ||Gitanjali, Mahipal, Nalini Chonkar, Maruti Rao, Helen
|-
|Chori Chori Jo Tumse Mili ||''Parasmani'' ||1963 ||Babubhai Mistri ||Lata Mangeshkar, Mukesh|| Gitanjali, Mahipal, Nalini Chonkar, Maruti Rao, Helen
|-
|Hare Krishna Hare Krishna ||''Pratik''|| 1987|| || Asha Bhosale Bappi Lahiri||
|-
|Madhosh Hawa Matwali Fiza Sansaar Suhana|| ''Prince'' ||1969 ||Lekh Tandon ||Mohammed Rafi|| Vyjayanthimala, Shammi Kapoor, Ajit, Rajendra Nath
|-
|Nazar Mein Bijali Ada Mein Shole ||''Prince'' ||1969 ||Lekh Tandon ||Mohammed Rafi ||Vyjayanthimala, Shammi Kapoor, Ajit, Rajendra Nath
|-
|Bach Ke Jane Na Dungi Dildar ||''Prince'' ||1969 ||Lekh Tandon ||Mohammed Rafi, Lata Mangeshkar|| Vyjayanthimala, Shammi Kapoor, Ajit, Rajendra Nath
|-
| Tujhe Pe Qurbaan Meri Jaan|| ''Qurbani'' ||1980 ||Feroz Khan ||Anwar, Aziz Nazan Sholapuri, Kishore Kumar|| Feroz Khan, Vinod Khanna, Zeenat Aman, Amjad Khan
|-
|Bhajan Bina Bawre Tune ||''Roop Lekha''|| 1962|| Mohammed Hussain|| Mohammed Rafi || Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Sambhal Ke Baitho Zara|| ''Roop Lekha'' ||1962|| Mohammed Hussain ||Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur|| Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Tune Churali Meri Mathe Ki Bindiya ||''Roop Lekha''|| 1962 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Suman Kalyanpur || Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Mehfil Me Tere Husan Ka Deewana Kaun ||''Roop Lekha''|| 1962|| Mohammed Hussain ||Mohammed Rafi, Suman Kalyanpur ||Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Chhal Baliya Jadu Kar Gayo ||''Roop Lekha'' ||1962|| Mohammed Hussain ||Suman Kalyanpur ||Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Dilli Gana Ki Mirachi Se Tikha Mora Balma || ''Roop Lekha''|| 1962|| Mohammed Hussain ||Suman Kalyanpur|| Mahipal, Raj Adeeb, Nazir Kashmiri
|-
|Pani Me Aag Lagi || ''Saamri''|| 1985|| Shyam Ramsay, Tulsi Ramsay|| S Janaki, Amit Kumar|| Rajan Sippy, Arti Gupta, Puneet Issar
|-
|Ladki Kaise Phasaayi Jaati Hai, Baat Unko Btayi Jaati Hai || ''Saamri'' ||1985 || Shyam Ramsay, Tulsi Ramsay ||Kishore Kumar ||Rajan Sippy, Arti Gupta, Puneet Issar
|-
|Baalam Ki Chaal Mein Aa Gayi Main ||''Sakhi Lutera'' ||1955|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosle ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|Aap Jo Chahein Saza Ab Dijiye|| ''Sakhi Lutera'' ||1955|| Mohammed Hussain ||Khan Mastana ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|Sajan Ke Nainon Se Dil Kyon Na Khele|| ''Sakhi Lutera'' ||1955|| Mohammed Hussain ||Mubarak Begum ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|Tumse Karte Na Agar Pyar Toh Achcha Hota|| ''Sakhi Lutera'' ||1955|| Mohammed Hussain || Asha Bhosle ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|Hum Bhi Tumhare Hain Dil Bhi Tumhara Hai|| ''Sakhi Lutera''|| 1955|| Mohammed Hussain ||Shamshad Begum ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|Mere Husn Ka Sun Ke Fasana ||''Sakhi Lutera'' ||1955|| Mohammed Hussain|| Shamshad Begum ||Kamran, Shashikala
|-
|De Rahi Hai Duayein|| ''Satyamev Jayate'' ||1987|| Raj N. Sippy|| Kavita Krishnamurthy|| Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Madhavi, Anita Raj
|-
|Jaanu Meri Jaanu || ''Satyamev Jayate'' ||1987 ||Raj N. Sippy ||Bappi Lahiri ||Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Madhavi, Anita Raj
|-
|Tu Jaan Se Pyaara Hai ||''Satyamev Jayate''|| 1987 ||Raj N. Sippy ||Mitalee Mukherjee ||Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Madhavi, Anita Raj
|-
|Jaanam Mere Jaanam ||''Satyamev Jayate''|| 1987|| Raj N. Sippy ||Bappi Lahiri ||Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Madhavi, Anita Raj
|-
|Dil Mein Ho Tum, Aankho Mein Tum|| ''Satyamev Jayate''|| 1987 ||Raj N. Sippy ||Kavita Krishnamurthy|| Vinod Khanna, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Madhavi, Anita Raj
|-
|Disco Badshah ||''Sahhas''|| 1981|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Basavalingaiah Hiremath ||Mithun Chakraborty, Rati Agnihotri, Madan Puri, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|Kaali Kaali Aankhon Wali ||''Sahhas'' ||1981|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Asha Bhosle, Bappi Lahiri ||Mithun Chakraborty, Rati Agnihotri, Madan Puri, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|Meri Jaan Annadi Hai ||''Secret Agent''||1987|| ||Mohammed Rafi||
|-
|Maikal Ki Kismat ||''Secret Agent''|| 1987 |||| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi||
|-
|Hoke Kabhi Kabhi ||''Secret Agent''|| 1987 || ||Asha Bhosle, Bappi Lahiri||
|-
|Mukh Pe Naqaab Dala Hai ||''Secret Agent'' ||1987 || ||Ashabhosle, Kishore||
|-
|Hamne Dekha Yehi ||''Secret Agent''|| 1987 |||| Asha Bhosle||
|-
|Husn Bhi Aap Hai Ishq Bhi Aap Hain|| ''Shapath'' ||1984|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Anup Ghosal ||Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Ranjeet, Paintal, Shakti Kapoor, Kader Khan
|-
|Do Phool Jawani Ke Khila Kyu Nhi Lete ||''Shapath'' ||1984 ||Ravikant Nagaich ||Asha Bhosale|| Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Ranjeet, Paintal, Shakti Kapoor, Kader Khan
|-
|Hoshiyaar ||''Shapath'' ||1984|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Chandrani Mukherjee, Alka Yagnik|| Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Ranjeet, Paintal, Shakti Kapoor, Kader Khan
|-
|Kish Mish Naam Mera ||''Shapath''|| 1984 ||Ravikant Nagaich|| Sharon Prabhakar, Bappi Lahiri|| Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Ranjeet, Paintal, Shakti Kapoor, Kader Khan
|-
|Pal Pal Masal ||''Shapath'' ||1984 ||Ravikant Nagaich ||Ursula Vaz|| Raj Babbar, Smita Patil, Ranjeet, Paintal, Shakti Kapoor, Kader Khan
|-
|Agar Main Poochon Jawab Doge ||''Shikari''|| 1963|| Mohammed Hussain|| Lata Mangeshkar, Mohd Rafi||Ajit, Helen, Ragini
|-
|Tum ko Piya Dil Diya Kitne Naaz Se|| ''Shikari'' ||1963 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Lata Mangeshkar, Usha Mangeshkar|| Ajit, Helen, Ragini
|-
|Chaman Ke Phul Bhi Tujhko Gulab Kehte Hain|| ''Shikari''|| 1963 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Lata Mangeshkar, Mohd Rafi ||Ajit, Helen, Ragini
|-
|Maagi Hain Duaaen Hamane Sanam ||''Shikari'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosale, Usha Mangeshkar|| Ajit, Helen, Ragini
|-
|Baaje Ghungroo Chhun Chhun ||''Shikari'' ||1963 ||Mohammed Hussain ||Lata Mangeshkar ||Ajit, Helen, Ragini
|-
|Ankho Me Ankhe Daal Ke|| ''Siphasalar''|| 1956|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi|| Shammi Kapoor, Nadira, Helen
|-
|Rahenge Le Ke Raaj Hum ||''Siphasalar'' ||1956 ||Mohammed Hussain ||Mohammed Rafi || Shammi Kapoor, Nadira, Helen
|-
|Aji Oh Ji Tumhen Dekh Jiya|| ''Siphasalar''|| 1956 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Geeta Ghosh Roy Chowdhuri (Geeta Dutt) || Shammi Kapoor, Nadira, Helen
|-
|Dil Ne Chheda Hai Tarana ||''Siphasalar''|| 1956|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosle, Talat Mahmood ||Shammi Kapoor, Nadira, Helen
|-
|Ek Anar Aur Sau Bimar ||''Siphasalar''|| 1956|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosle ||Shammi Kapoor, Nadira, Helen
|-
|Mausam Hai Gaane Ka|| ''Surakksha''|| 1979|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Annette Pinto, Bappi Lahiri|| Mithun Chakravorty, Ranjeeta
|-
|Gun Master G9 ||''Surakksha'' ||1979 ||Ravikant Nagaich|| Annette Pinto, Bappi Lahiri|| Mithun Chakravorty, Ranjeeta
|-
|Teri Nili Nili Jacket Teri Jacket Mein Ek Pocket|| ''Taxi Driver'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi|| Vishal, Anupama, Ashok Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Asit Sen
|-
|Jinhe Ho Pyar Sanam ||''Taxi Driver'' ||1963|| Mohammed Hussain|| Asha Bhosale ||Vishal, Anupama, Ashok Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Asit Sen
|-
|Na Inka Rang Asli Hai Na Inka Roop Asali Hai || ''Taxi Driver'' ||1963 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Badri, Ambar Kumar|| Vishal, Anupama, Ashok Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Asit Sen
|-
|Pyaar Karte Ho Yaar Karke Darte Ho Yaar ||''Taxi Driver'' ||1963 ||Mohammed Hussain|| Krishna Kalle ||Vishal, Anupama, Ashok Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Asit Sen
|-
|Khakar Tune Paan Kasam Se Le Li Meri Jaan|| ''Taxi Driver''|| 1973|| Mohammed Hussain ||Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi|| Vishal, Anupama, Ashok Kumar, Nirupa Roy, Asit Sen
|-
|Shukra Kar Humne Tujhe ||''Toofani Tirandaz''|| 1959|| A R Zamindar|| Ismail Azad Qawwal, Sudha Malhotra|| Kamran Khan, Shanta Kumari
|-
|Allah Ki Wayi ||''Toofani Tirandaz'' ||1959 ||A R Zamindar ||Shamshad Begum, Khurshid Bawra || Kamran Khan, Shanta Kumari
|-
|Jadugar Balma Ne Mera Dil Loot Liya || ''Toofani Tirandaz'' ||1959 ||A R Zamindar ||Sudha Malhotra || Kamran Khan, Shanta Kumari
|-
|Jo Chalayega Hal Wo Hi Payega Phal ||''Toofani Tirandaz'' ||1959 ||A R Zamindar || || Kamran Khan, Shanta Kumari
|-
|Ladkhadate Hai Kadam Meri Kalayi Thamna ||''Toofani Tirandaz'' ||1959|| A R Zamindar || ||Kamran Khan, Shanta Kumari
|-
|Sara Jahan Chhod Ke Tujhe Maine Salaam Kiya || ''Wardat''||1981||Ravikant Nagaich||Mohammed Rafi, Usha Mangeshkar||Mithun Chakraborty, Kajal Kiran, Iftekhar, Jagdeep, Kalpana Iyer, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|-Dekha Hai Maine Tumhein Phir Se Palat Ke|| ''Wardat''|| 1981|| Ravikant Nagaich|| Bappi Lahiri||Mithun Chakraborty, Kajal Kiran, Iftekhar, Jagdeep, Kalpana Iyer, Shakti Kapoor
|Na Main Hoon Tera Na Tu Hain Meri|| ''Wardat'' ||1981|| Ravikant Nagaich || Usha Uthup, Bappi Lahiri ||Mithun Chakraborty, Kajal Kiran, Iftekhar, Jagdeep, Kalpana Iyer, Shakti Kapoor
|-
|Aaye Sajanva Nache Ye Manwa|| ''Watan Se Door''|| 1968 ||Kamran Khan|| Suman Kalyanpur|| Amarnath, Habib, Daisy Irani, Jerry, Kamran
|-
|Mehfil Nahi To Dil Me Sahi|| ''Watan Se Door'' ||1968 ||Kamran Khan ||Mohammed Rafi, Prabodh Chandra Dey|| Amarnath, Habib, Daisy Irani, Jerry, Kamran
|-
|Kaisa Jadu Dala || ''Watan Se Door'' ||1968 ||Kamran Khan ||Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi|| Amarnath, Habib, Daisy Irani, Jerry, Kamran
|-
|Pyare Pyare Tere Andaz Ke || ''Watan Se Door'' ||1968|| Kamran Khan|| Asha Bhosle, Mohammed Rafi ||Amarnath, Habib, Daisy Irani, Jerry, Kamran
|-
|Main To Naachu Main To Gaaun|| ''Watan Se Door'' ||1968 ||Kamran Khan|| Kamal Barot, Asha Bhosle ||Amarnath, Habib, Daisy Irani, Jerry, Kamran
|-
|Ri Ba Ri Ba || || || || Bappi lahiri- Saregama India Ltd.||
|-
|Arre Woh Kisko Dhundhate || || || || Bappi lahiri- Saregama India Ltd.||
|-
|Mujhe Mujhe || || || || Laxmikant-Pyarelal- Saregama India Ltd.||
|-
|Yeh Bhi Kadam Woh Bhi Kadam || || || || Anu Malik- Super Cassettes Ltd. ||
|-
|Aakhen Jaam E Sharab || || || || Bappi Lahiri- Carnival Electronics Pvt Ltd ||
|-
|Suhani Raat Aapko Di Pyar Ke Saath || || || || Bappi Lahiri- Universal Music India Ltd ||
|-
|Mein Jab Bhi Dekhta Hoon || || || || Bappi Lahiri- Venus Worldwide Entertainment Private Ltd.
|-
|Yaad Rakhana Ye || || || || Bappi Lahiri- Tips Cassettes MFG Co.||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Cite web | url=http://www.iprs.org/cms/Home.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519123354/http://www.iprs.org/cms/Home.aspx |archive-date=2018-05-19 | title=The Indian Performing Rights Society| website=www.iprs.org}}
*{{Cite web | url=http://www.iprs.org/cms/Membership/Members.aspx | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803151910/http://www.iprs.org/cms/Membership/Members.aspx |archive-date=2018-08-03 | title=Members of the Indian Performing Rights Society | website=www.iprs.org}}
*{{IMDb name|0435245}}
*{{Cite web| url=http://hindigeetmala.net/lyricist/farooq_qaisar.php | website=hindigeetmala.net | title=Farooq Qaisar}}
*{{Cite web| url=http://myswar.com/artist/farooq-qaiser |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818200416/http://myswar.com/artist/farooq-qaiser |archive-date=2016-08-18 | title=Farooq Qaiser}}
*{{Cite web| url=https://www.lyricsbogie.com/lyricist/farooq-qaiser | title=Songs Written by Farooq Qaiser | website=www.lyricsbogie.com}}
*{{Cite web | url=http://www.hindilyrics.net/lyrics/by-lyricist-Farooq%20Kaiser.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511102936/http://www.hindilyrics.net/lyrics/by-lyricist-Farooq%20Kaiser.html |archive-date=2015-05-11 | title=Farooq Kaiser Songs | website=www.hindilyrics.net}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaiser, Faruk}}
[[Category:1918 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian lyricists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian songwriters]]
[[Category:Poets from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]

Poonam Soni

2026-03-21T17:06:47Z

Lmao: adding new data

{{Short description|Indian jewelry designer}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox person|name=Poonam Soni|image=|image_size=|alt=Poonam Soni in 2017|caption=Poonam Soni in September 2017|birth_place=[[Delhi, India]]|occupation=Founder and Principal Designer at Poonam Soni Signature Line Pvt Ltd}}

'''Poonam Soni''' is an Indian jewellery designer based in [[Mumbai]].

== Early life ==
The eldest among three children of an officer in the Indian army, she lived in Delhi with her grandparents and was educated there. Soni graduated from [[University of Delhi|Delhi University]] as a gold medalist.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-28 |title=A Sparkling Toast {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/a-sparkling-toast-1965813 |access-date=2017-12-06 |work=dna |language=en-US}}</ref> She married at the age of 18 and shifted to Mumbai where she started her career in jewelry after the birth of her two daughters – Kriti and Esha.

== Career ==

=== 1990s ===
Soni has been making designer and bespoke jewelry since 1989.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.vervemagazine.in/events/poonam-soni-jewellery-collection-launch-mumbai|title=Poonam Soni's Glittering Collection Launch|date=2016-03-03|work=Verve Magazine|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref> Her first boutique was opened by [[Juhi Chawla]] in 1992; the same year she turned down an offer to produce jewelry for [[Harrods]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/poonam-sonis-rebellious-streak-and-belief-in-buddhism/15990155|title=Poonam Soni s rebellious streak and belief in Buddhism|work=mid-day|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref>

Soni has since showcased her jewelry for [[LVMH|Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy]] in Paris as well as for [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]] of [[Monte Carlo]].<ref name="auto3">{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/designers/Poonam-Sonis-platinum-designs/articleshow/16503384.cms|title=Poonam Soni's platinum designs - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref> Her craftwork has been praised by [[Michael Kors]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/fashion/designers/Poonam-Sonis-platinum-designs/articleshow/16503384.cms|title=Poonam Soni's platinum designs - Times of India|work=The Times of India|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
In 2006, the [[LVMH]] Moet Hennessy group invited Soni to showcase at the opening of the Incredible India show in Paris.<ref name="auto"/> In 2009, her 'Monochromes' collection was listed as a Global Trend 2009 in the Italian Forecast book.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.vogue.in/content/jewels-india/#itai-doshin-by-poonam-soni|title=Jewels of India|date=2010-07-07|work=VOGUE India|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref> They were also successfully auctioned in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-07-07 |title=Jewels of India |url=https://www.vogue.in/content/jewels-india/#itai-doshin-by-poonam-soni |access-date=2017-11-29 |work=VOGUE India |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 2010s ===
In 2010 she designed a piece of jewelry called ''Itai Doshin'' in an exclusive auction by Eco Art, which was supported by [[Albert II, Prince of Monaco|Prince Albert II]] of Monaco.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vogue.in/content/jewels-india/|title=Jewels of India|date=2010-07-07|work=VOGUE India|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-royal-designs-1398843|title=Royal designs {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2010-06-20|work=dna|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2011 Poonam Soni was invited by Eco Art supported by Prince Albert II to take part in a global parade with 32 select designers worldwide. The falcon brooch created by Soni was sold in an auction at Abu Dhabi by Lord Mark Poltimore of Sotheby's during the Grand Prix Finale under the patronage of Sheikh Nahayan Mabarak Al-Nahayan.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/Jewellery-goes-arty/article15902888.ece|title=Jewellery goes arty|last=Farida|first=Syeda|date=2010-09-04|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Platinum Guild approached Poonam Soni in 2010 to change the face of Platinum jewelry in India.<ref name="auto1"/>

Soni collaborated [[Terry Fox Foundation]], and hosted a fashion show in February 2015 where she displayed her jewelry and auctioned some of her pieces to raise money for Tata Memorial Hospital's cancer treatment ward.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Poonam Soni s rebellious streak and belief in Buddhism |url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/poonam-sonis-rebellious-streak-and-belief-in-buddhism/15990155 |access-date=2017-11-29 |work=mid-day}}</ref>

Soni was featured in the Book of Collectors of Fine Jewelry in 2017, along with masters like [[Cartier (jeweler)|Cartier]], [[Bulgari]], [[Chopard]] Rosenthal etc.<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businesswireindia.com/news/news-details/a-brand-global-fashion-aficionados-poonam-soni/49010|title=A Brand for the Global Fashion Aficionados - Poonam Soni|website=businesswireindia.com|access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref>

Soni has collaborated with [[Gautam Singhania]]'s wife Nawaz Modi Singhania in 2016 to create a branded collection of jewelry with art. The jewelry incorporates colorful miniature paintings in bold cuffs and sautoirs.<ref name="auto2"/> She also collaborated with artist Laxman Shresta in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report-a-sparkling-toast-1965907|title=A Sparkling Toast {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2014-03-01|work=dna|access-date=2017-11-29|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soni, Poonam}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Women artists from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian jewellery designers]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Women jewellers]]

Sourendro—Soumyojit

2026-03-20T23:29:20Z

Lmao: put up first stub from scratch!

{{Orphan|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = Sourendro—Soumyojit
| image = File:SoumyojitDas&SourendroMullick.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| origin = [[West Bengal]], India
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Film score]]
* [[Filmi]]
* [[Jazz fusion|Fusion]]
* [[Contemporary R&B|Contemporary]]
* [[Playback singer|Playback Singing]]
}}
| occupation = [[score composer]], music director
| years_active = 2005 to Present
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* Keyboard
* Piano
* [[Harmonium]]
}}
| website =
}}

'''Sourendro—Soumyojit''' is an Indian pianist-vocalist [[musical duo]] consisting of Sourendro Mullick (pianist) and Soumyojit Das (vocalist).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Shrabana |title=Kolkata music duo promises a starry night on World Music Day with Amjad Ali Khan, Rekha Bhardwaj, Papon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/kolkata-music-duo-promises-a-starry-night-on-world-music-day-with-amjad-ali-khan-rekha-bhardwaj-papon/article68307835.ece |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

They are known for performing and presenting experimental and cross-genre musical endeavors. Their performances frequently integrate classical traditions with modern sensibilities, and they have partnered with a diverse array of performers across multiple musical genres.<ref name="toi">{{cite web |title=Musicians Sourendro-Soumyojit: Being a part of Bollywood music is a dream for any Indian musician |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/musicians-sourendro-soumyojit-being-a-part-of-bollywood-music-is-a-dream-for-any-indian-musician/articleshow/93730511.cms |website=The Times of India |date=23 August 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Abhi Na Jao Chodkar': Biggest names in music unite for Mohammed Rafi tribute |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/abhi-na-jao-chodkar-biggest-names-in-music-unite-for-mohammed-rafi-tribute-3331586 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and early career==
Soumyojit Das was born on 21 September 1983 in [[Barrackpore]], West Bengal, India. He attended Modern School, Barrackpore. Later, he moved to [[Kolkata]] and completed his schooling at St. Paul's Mission School, Sealdah, followed by his graduation in English at [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]].<ref name="tem">{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit breaking new paths in music |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/music/sourendro-soumyojit-breaking-new-paths-music-1502970426.html |website=The Statesman |language=en |date=2 June 2021}}</ref>

Das took music lessons at a young age and was called "Little Lata Mangeshkar" in school due to his admiration for the famed Indian Playback singer. He began formal instruction under [[Indian classical music]] legend Pandit [[Ajoy Chakrabarty]] in 1996 and continues to do so. [[Lata Mangeshkar]] inspires his singing style, and he uses many of her techniques.<ref name="tem"/>

Sourendro Mullick was born in [[Kolkata]] on 14 December 1983. He went to the Jewish Boys School and then graduated from [[St. Xavier's College, Kolkata]]. His grandfather, Sri Mrigendro Mullick, taught him how to play the piano. His grandpa was also a famous national-level billiards player. Later, he learned music from V. Balsara, who was a famous musician and music director known for bringing Indian classical music into piano playing. Ustad [[Vilayat Khan]] taught Mullick more about Indian classical music. After meeting for the first time at St. Xavier's College in 2002, the duo began making songs together.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit gear for the World Music Day concert next week |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sourendro-soumyojit-gear-for-the-world-music-day-concert-next-week/articleshow/92251355.cms |website=The Times of India |date=16 June 2022}}</ref>

==Musical career==
In 2005, Sourendro and Soumyojit began their professional career as a musical duo with a concert tour in Europe. In the same year, they established their musical brand, You & I, which was officially inaugurated on 17 December 2005 by the then Governor of West Bengal, [[Gopalkrishna Gandhi]].<ref name="IT">{{cite web |title=Soumyojit Das at India Today Conclave East 2022: I do not miss KK because I have his music |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/celebrity/story/soumyojit-das-at-india-today-conclave-east-2022-i-do-not-miss-kk-because-i-have-his-music-1970380-2022-07-05 |website=India Today |language=en |date=5 July 2022}}</ref>

While touring Europe, the pair engaged with Prof. Martin Keubert in [[Cologne]], Germany, from whom Sourendro acquired new Western approaches and performing styles, therefore enhancing the duo's global musical vision.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuneful ties, across centuries |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/tuneful-ties-across-centuries/cid/1654051 |website=Telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

They recorded one of their early songs with Asha Bhosle. Their collaboration with Pelé, a football legend, was exceptional.<ref name="t2">{{cite web |title=A deep dive into the harmonious journey of Sourendro and Soumyojit |url=https://t2online.in/music/indian/a-deep-dive-into-the-harmonious-journey-of-sourendro-and-soumyojit/1255582 |website=t2online |language=en}}</ref>

Their Ananda Bazaar Samman-winning series "Tagore & We" was lauded by [[Gulzar]] for its new perspective on [[Rabindra Sangeet]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit's new video engages Gulzar in a conversation with Tagore through AI |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sourendro-soumyojits-new-video-engages-gulzar-in-a-conversation-with-tagore-through-ai/articleshow/109946449.cms |website=The Times of India |date=8 May 2024}}</ref>

They have partnered with renowned Indian and international artists, including [[Sharmila Tagore]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit gave us a gift on Sharmila Tagore's birthday |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/listen/sourendro-soumyojit-share-peek-of-world-music-day-annual-programme-where-they-perform-with-sharmila-tagore/cid/1986675 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref> Aparna Sen,<ref>{{cite web |title='The Japanese Wife' was our inspiration |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/the-japanese-wife-was-our-inspiration/articleshow/7410004.cms |website=The Times of India |date=11 January 2017}}</ref> [[Asha Bhosle]], [[Klaus Voormann]],<ref>{{cite web |title=[PDF] Presseinformation Stefan Stoppok Solo Singer/Songwriter – Free Download PDF |url=https://silo.tips/download/presseinformation-stefan-stoppok-solo-singer-songwriter |website=silo.tips |language=en}}</ref> [[Rekha Bhardwaj]],<ref name="toi"/> [[Runa Laila]], [[Sunidhi Chauhan]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Megh Bolechhe – Sunidhi Chauhan & Soumyojit Das: Song Lyrics, Music Videos & Concerts |url=https://www.shazam.com/song/1019664759/megh-bolechhe?tab=lyrics |website=Shazam |language=en-us}}</ref> and German music producer Stefan Stoppok, who included them in his 2007 album Dein Glück – Indische Version.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tagore & We {{!}} Audio Juke Box {{!}} Sraboni Sen {{!}} Sourendro-Soumyojit {{!}} Stefan Stoppok |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=28Co0vTSQf4 |website=Youtube |publisher=Asha Audio |date=22 April 2016}}</ref>

Their partnership with filmmaker [[Rituparno Ghosh]] resulted in multiple live musical theater productions, establishing them as uncommon collaborators in that genre.<ref>{{cite web |title=Soumyojit and Sourendro to celebrate Guru Nanak's 550th birth anniversary |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/soumyojit-and-sourendro-to-celebrate-guru-nanaks-550th-birth-anniversary/articleshow/71067139.cms |website=The Times of India |date=10 September 2019}}</ref>

The "Jaya Hey" project, which was the grand national anthem, brought together over 40 of India's most famous musicians, including [[Shivkumar Sharma|Pt. Shivkumar Sharma]], [[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[Rashid Khan (musician)|Ustad Rashid Khan]], [[Jasraj|Pt. Jasraj]], [[M. Balamuralikrishna|Dr. M. Balamuralikrishna]], [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[Sonu Nigam]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], and [[Jagjit Singh]] among others.<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: 75 artistes perform Jaya Hey 2.0 ahead of 75th Independence Day |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/watch-75-artistes-perform-jaya-hey-2-0-ahead-of-75th-independence-day-101660470871601.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |date=14 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="IE">{{cite web |last1=Saha |first1=Shrestha |title=The great Indian chorus: Ambuja Neotia Group's 'Jaya Hey 2.0' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2022/Aug/20/the-great-indian-chorusambuja-neotia-groups-jaya-hey-20-2488929.html |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |date=20 August 2022}}</ref>

The "Dekha Hobe Ei Banglay" project presented Bengal's spirit through the words of 100 famous people from 19 districts.<ref>{{cite web |title='কী স্পষ্ট উচ্চারণ' শুভা মুদগলের গলায় 'স্পষ্ট বাংলা'য় লালনগীতিতে মুগ্ধ নেটপাড়া |url=https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/netizens-praised-shubha-mudgal-as-she-sung-lalon-geeti-in-proper-bengali-pronunciation-31736859070782.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206203116/https://bangla.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/netizens-praised-shubha-mudgal-as-she-sung-lalon-geeti-in-proper-bengali-pronunciation-31736859070782.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 February 2025 |website=Hindustantimes Bangla |language=bn |date=14 January 2025}}</ref> They have represented Indian music on international platforms, performing at renowned venues and events including the Rudolstadt Festival, Moers Festival, WDR, Deutsche Welle, Nehru Centre (London), and The British Museum.<ref name="t2" />

Their international tours have spanned Europe, the U.S., Germany, Singapore, Australia, and the Middle East, alongside widespread performances across India.<ref name="houst">{{cite web |title=Indo-American Association presents Symphony of Souls Sourendro & Soumyojit – CultureMap Houston |url=https://houston.culturemap.com/eventdetail/indo-american-association-presents-symphony-of-souls-sourendro-soumyojit/ |website=houston.culturemap.com |language=en}}</ref>

The duo have had the honor of performing for both the [[President of India|President]] and [[Prime Minister of India]], and at landmark events including [[Eden Gardens]] during the international cricket test match which was the first test match played with a pink ball also known as the [[Day/night cricket|Pink Ball Test]], the [[International Kolkata Book Fair]], and Gilley's Dallas in the U.S.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro and Soumyojit to perform at Eden Gardens |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sourendro-and-soumyojit-to-perform-at-eden-gardens/articleshow/72125563.cms |website=The Times of India |date=19 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="houst"/>

In 2023, Sourendro–Soumyojit were entrusted by the [[Ministry of Culture (India)]], [[Government of India]], to compose, conduct, and execute the G20 Orchestra, a cultural initiative held across the country during [[2023 G20 New Delhi summit]].<ref>{{cite web |title=101 musicians from G20 nations dazzles Varanasi audience with 'Sur Vasudha' |url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/101-musicians-from-g20-nations-dazzles-varanasi-audience-with-sur-vasudha-123082700693_1.html |website=BusinessStandard}}</ref>

They curate significant cultural concerts, including [[Fête de la Musique|World Music Day]] – Kolkata Chapter, attracting thousands of participants each year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Musicians Sourendro-Soumyajit on World Music Day concert: Humble offering from us |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/music/story/musicians-sourendro-soumyajit-on-world-music-day-concert-it-is-a-humble-offering-from-us-2556181-2024-06-21 |website=India Today |language=en |date=21 June 2024}}</ref>

Their Broadway-style shows, like Mahabharata, Bombay Meri Jaan, and Kohinoor, have pushed the limits of Indian musical theater with their strong themes, innovative staging, and positive reviews.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Soparrkar |first1=Sandip |title=Kohinoor A movie on stage {{!}} Kohinoor A movie on stage |url=https://www.asianage.com/entertainment/music/250918/kohinoor-a-movie-on-stage.html |website=Asianage.com |language=en |date=25 September 2018}}</ref>

In addition to performing, Sourendro and Soumyojit are dedicated teachers and culture ambassadors who give lectures and masterclasses at places like the Samford School of Music in Alabama.<ref>{{cite web |title=An evening of melodies with The Kolkata Symphony Orchestra at Taj Bengal, with t2 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/an-evening-of-melodies-with-the-kolkata-symphony-orchestra-at-taj-bengal-with-t2/cid/1508663 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>

The Sourendro—Soumyojit's Academy of Music Kolkata was set up by them. About 700 kids from all over the world come here to learn the traditional Indian music.<ref>{{cite web |title=Snapshots from the launch of Sourendro-Soumyojit Academy of Music |url=https://t2online.in/music/indian/snapshots-from-the-launch-of-sourendro-soumyojit-academy-of-music/1023504 |website=t2online |language=en}}</ref>

==Other notable performances==
[[File:Mirci Music Awards 2014.jpg|thumb|[[6th Mirchi Music Awards|Mirchi Music Awards 2014]]]]
*Performed at Global Spirituality Mahotsav (2024), attended by President of India Droupadi Murmu<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Spirituality Mahotsav {{!}} Schedule |url=https://globalspiritualitymahotsav.org/schedule |website=globalspiritualitymahotsav.org}}</ref>
*125th Birth Anniversary of [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose]] at [[Victoria Memorial, Kolkata]] (2022), attended by the [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi|Sri Narendra Modi]] and [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Culture min's Victoria event invite skips CM, sparks row |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/culture-mins-victoria-event-invite-skips-cm-sparks-row/articleshow/91357922.cms |website=The Times of India |date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title='Amar Jonmobumi' Performed At Victoria Memorial, Kolkata #NetajiJayanti |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5W7Cpp1TeYE |website=OTV |date=23 January 2021}}</ref>
*ABP Ideas of India (2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=Watch: Sourendro Mullick, Soumyojit Das Perform 'Miley Sur Mera Tumhara' At Ideas Of India 3.0 |url=https://news.abplive.com/lifestyle/ideas-of-india-3-0-sourendro-mullick-and-soumyojit-das-take-audience-to-a-musical-journey-at-ideas-of-india-3-0-sing-popular-hindi-songs-live-tv-1667031 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |date=24 February 2024}}</ref>
*India Today Conclave (2022)<ref name="IT"/>
*Sahitya Aaj Tak (2022)<ref>{{cite web |title=साहित्य आज तक के मंच पर सुरेंद्र-सौम्यजीत ने सजाई सुरों की महफिल, झूम उठे लोग |url=https://www.aajtak.in/literature/sahitya-aaj-tak/story/sourendro-malik-soumyojit-das-musical-performance-at-sahitya-aaj-tak-2022-tmovb-1578582-2022-11-18 |website=आज तक |language=hi |date=18 November 2022}}</ref>
*Swarnim Vijay Gatha (2021) at Victoria Memorial, commemorating India's victory in the 1971 war and celebrating Indo-Bangladesh friendship, followed by performances on Vijay Diwas in 2022 and 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=Bangladesh@50: Victoria to host Swarnim Vijay Varsh celebrations |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/bangladesh50-victoria-to-host-swarnim-vijay-varsh-celebrations/articleshow/88306293.cms |website=The Times of India |date=16 December 2021}}</ref>
*In 2019, They have performed at the [[British Museum]] in England becoming the first Indians to ever perform on the occasion of 150th birthday of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit to perform at the British Museum in London |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/sourendro-soumyojit-to-perform-at-the-british-museum-in-london/articleshow/71182876.cms |website=The Times of India |date=18 September 2019}}</ref>

==Discography==
Sourendro—Soumyojit composed a multitude of distinguished songs for live events, concerts, and films.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sourendro-Soumyojit on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/in/artist/sourendro-soumyojit/1273820066 |website=AppleMusic}}</ref>

*[[Binodiini (film)|Binodiini]] 2025<ref>{{cite web |title=Binodiini – Ekti Natir Upakhyan Movie Review: An ambitious take on a legend |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/binodiini/movie-review/117511530.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
*Tagore Our Way 2020
*Timeless Treasures 2019
*Just 10 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=They're just 10 |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/they-39-re-just-10/cid/1422789 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref>
*Tagore & We 3 2016<ref>{{cite web |title=Tagore and We 3: Album launch |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/kolkata/tagore-and-we-3-album-launch/articleshow/51236488.cms |website=Indiatimes.com}}</ref>
*Garden of Life 2015
*[[Parapaar]] Film 2014<ref>{{cite web |title=The bond of music |url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/The-bond-of-music-16623186 |website=Mid-day |language=en |date=21 October 2015}}</ref>
*Dekha Hobe Ei Banglae 2013
*Tagore & We 2 (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Sunidhi Chauhan comes out with her first Tagore album |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/musicindia/sunidhi-chauhan-comes-out-with-her-first-tagore-album_131542.html |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
*Tagore & We 1 (2011)
*Jaya Hey 2011<ref name="IE"/>
*Back to the Future 2009<ref name="t2"/>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soumyojit, Sourendro}}
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian musical duos]]
[[Category:Singers from Kolkata]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Thevally Palace

2026-03-20T02:51:08Z

Lmao: put up the stub added tags

{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox building
|name = Thevally Palace
|image = File:Thevally Palace.jpg
|caption = Thevally Palace
|coordinates = {{coord|8.902911|76.579546|display=inline}}
|location_town = [[Thevally]], [[Kollam]] city
|location_country= [[India]]
|architect=
|client= [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]]
|engineer=
|construction_start_date = 1811
|completion_date= 1819
|demolished_date=
|cost=
|structural_system=
|architectural_style = [[Architecture of England|British]]-[[Dutch people|Dutch]]-[[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
|size=
}}
'''Thevally Palace''' or '''Thevalli Palace''' is a popular heritage Palace situated at the banks of [[Ashtamudi lake]], in [[Thevally]], [[Kollam]] city. It is an important historic monument in the state of [[Kerala]] in [[India]]. Thevally Palace was built in between 1811 and 1819 the reign of [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]].<ref>[http://www.nativeplanet.com/kollam/attractions/thevally-palace/] Thevally Palace, Kollam</ref> It is considered as a ''Hallmark of Kollam City''. Now the palace is used as the [[National Cadet Corps (India)|NCC Group Headquarters]] of [[Kollam district]].<ref>[http://www.infokerala.in/Kollam_destination.html] Infokerala - Kollam</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nccgroupkollam.org/contact-us |title=Contact Us | NCC Kollam |access-date=2014-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109061106/http://www.nccgroupkollam.org/contact-us |archive-date=9 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }} NCC - Kollam</ref> The palace and its premises are now owned by PWD<ref>[http://www.kollamcorporation.gov.in/about-kollam] Corporation of Kollam</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nccgroupkollam.org/contact-us |title=Contact Us | NCC Kollam |access-date=2014-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109061106/http://www.nccgroupkollam.org/contact-us |archive-date=9 November 2014 |df=dmy-all }} NCC - Kollam</ref>

==History==
[[File:Residence of the Maharaja of Travancore at Thevalli in Quilon.jpg|thumb|Thevally Palace circa 1900]]
Thevally Palace is a kind of architectural marvel situated at [[Kollam]] city. It was built in between 1811 and 1819, during the reign of [[Gowri Parvati Bayi]]. The Kings of [[Travancore]] had used Thevally Palace during their visits to [[Kollam]] in order to meet the British Residents and to discuss with the officials. The architecture of the palace is a mixture of [[Architecture of England|British]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]].<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/minister-visits-thevally-palace/article3060905.ece] Minister visits Thevally Palace</ref><ref>[http://indiannewsreader.blogspot.in/2009/12/kerala-tourism-kollam.html] Kerala Tourism - Kollam</ref> The palace was once used for the administrative purposes. [[Kollam]] was the capital of [[Travancore]] kingdom then. The total skeleton of the palace, made of materials like laterite and lime plaster. The main attraction of the palace is that, it is situated on the banks of [[Ashtamudi Lake]]. The palace includes a temple of Lord Sastha.<ref>[http://indiannewsreader.blogspot.in/2009/12/kerala-tourism-kollam.html] Kerala Tourism - Kollam</ref><ref>[http://tourmet.com/thevally-palace/] Thevally Palace - Detail Information</ref>

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Kollam |state=expanded}}
{{Tourism in Kerala|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Palaces in Kollam]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kollam]]
[[Category:Travancore royal family]]

Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre

2026-03-19T09:36:31Z

Lmao: Adding page

{{Short description|Islamic educational and research institution located in Jogeshwari, Mumbai}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Center
| native_name = مرکز المعارف ایجوکیشن اینڈ ریسرچ سنٹر
| other_name = MMERC
| image = Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre logo.png
| established = {{Start year and age|1994}}
| founder = [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
| director = [[Burhanuddin Qasmi]]<ref name="ht2010">{{Cite news |last=Ghatpande |first=Neha |date=18 September 2010 |title=Federation of minorities appeals for peace before Babri judgment |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai/federation-of-minorities-appeals-for-peace-before-babri-judgment/story-CimqGjIJiTV6YmfyJmqLuI.html |access-date=26 May 2025 |work=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>
| location = [[Oshiwara]], Jogeshwari (West), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| type = Islamic educational and research institution
| affiliation = [[Markazul Maarif]]
| website = [https://mmerconline.com mmerconline.com]
}}

'''Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Center''' (MMERC) is an Islamic educational and research institution located in [[Jogeshwari]], Mumbai, India. Established in 1994 by [[Badruddin Ajmal]], MMERC aims to train madrasa graduates in English language, computer literacy, and modern subjects. The institution seeks to integrate traditional Islamic scholarship with contemporary academic and communication skills, enabling graduates to participate more effectively in modern discourse.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

== History ==
MMERC was founded in 1994 as a project of the [[Assam]]-based NGO [[Markazul Maarif]]. Originally established in [[Delhi]], the centre later shifted its main operations to [[Mumbai]] in 2000.<ref name="mmerc-site">{{Cite web|title=Introduction to MMERC, Mumbai|url=https://mmerconline.com/ |website=mmerconline.com|access-date=26 May 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="milligazette2006">{{Cite web |url=https://www.milligazette.com/IndMusStat/2006a/962-mmerc-9aug06-courses-study-entrance.htm |title=Markazul Ma'arif declares dates for Entrance Exams |work=The Milli Gazette |date=9 August 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004055954/https://www.milligazette.com/IndMusStat/2006a/962-mmerc-9aug06-courses-study-entrance.htm |archive-date=4 October 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

MMERC was set up in response to concerns about the limited engagement of traditional Islamic scholars with modern society, particularly in English-speaking contexts. The founder, [[Badruddin Ajmal]], envisaged the centre as a bridge between classical Islamic education and contemporary professional and social challenges; since its inception MMERC has developed programmes emphasising English proficiency, research methodology, and public engagement for madrasa graduates.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

To address the lack of English exposure among madrasa students, MMERC instituted a competitive, structured intake—admitting selected candidates through a combined written and oral entrance test—and provided intensive training in English and computer skills. The centre has historically offered full residential facilities and scholarships, enabling students from institutions such as [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] and [[Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama]] to participate without financial burden.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rahman |first=Syed Ubaidur |title=Markazul Maarif: a shining example |url=https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/15022002/15022200233.htm |website=[[The Milli Gazette]] |date=15 February 2002 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

== Academic Programs ==
=== DELL (Diploma in English Language and Literature) ===
The center offers a two-year [[diploma]] in English language and literature designed specifically for madrasa graduates. The course includes English grammar, literature, public speaking, writing, and exposure to contemporary social and religious issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markazul Ma'arif conducts convocation and elocution competition |url=https://twocircles.net/2016aug27/1472277874.html |website=TwoCircles.net |date=27 August 2016 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

=== Research Programs ===
* '''One-Year Research Training''': Offered to DELL graduates, this program focuses on Islamic and social research projects.<ref name="mmerc-site" />
* '''Two-Year Research Fellowship''': Designed to produce original academic contributions and address misconceptions about Islam.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

=== Community and Part-Time Courses ===
The center runs several additional programs:
* '''SELC''' – Short-term English Language Course for [[Ulama]] and [[Imam]]s
* '''SALIC''' – Six-month Islamic awareness course for college students
* '''VTC''' – Vocational training and moral education camps for school children
* '''EC & PD''' – English communication and personality development for rural graduates
* '''IQRA''' – Qur'an recitation and Tajweed for adults
* '''Maktab''' – Basic Islamic education for school-going children<ref name="mmerc-site" />

=== Markaz Online Madrasa (2023–2024) ===
In July 2023, the MMERC, Mumbai, launched the Markaz Online Madrasa (MOM), an English-medium Islamic learning platform for youth and professionals worldwide. The project was conceived with input from MMERC alumni and approved during a global meeting of the International MMERC Alumni Network (IMAN).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai-based Markazul Ma'arif Education to launch online English Medium Madrasa |url=https://islamicvoice.com/national-news-and-affairs/mumbai-based-markazul-maarif-education-to-launch-online-english-medium-madrasa/ |website=Islamic Voice |date=5 July 2023 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

It was officially inaugurated in November 2024 at Mahmood Hall, Deoband, during a national seminar attended by over 200 scholars. The curriculum was finalized at the event, presided over by [[Abul Qasim Nomani]] and attended by [[Badruddin Ajmal]].<ref name="Markaz">{{Cite web |title=English Medium Markaz Online Madrasa Inauguration and Two-Day National Seminar |url=https://easterncrescent.net/english-medium-markaz-online-madrasa/ |website=Eastern Crescent |date=11 November 2024 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

MOM offers a five-year, four-stage online 'Alim course entirely in English, covering Qur'an, Hadith, [[Sīrah]], Islamic law, theology, and [[comparative religion]], and is open to learners aged 15 and above globally.<ref name="Markaz" />

== Evaluation and academic impact ==
A 2017 case study of MMERC, conducted by linguist Basheek Beg, highlighted the pedagogical approach and practical outcomes of the Diploma in English Language and Literature (DELL) program. The study found that most MMERC students come from madrasa backgrounds with little to no exposure to English. Through structured classroom instruction, regular testing, and free residential facilities, the two-year DELL course helps students develop listening, speaking, reading, writing, and comprehension skills. While the report acknowledged MMERC’s social impact and language achievement, it also recommended improvements such as better utilization of resources, professionally trained teachers, and a more student-centered curriculum design.<ref name="case study">{{Cite journal |last=Beg |first=Basheek |title=A Study of English Language Teaching and Learning Program at Markazul Ma'arif Education and Research Centre (MMERC), Mumbai |journal=Interdisciplinary Journal of Linguistics |volume=13 |year=2017 |pages=69–75 |url=https://linguistics.uok.edu.in/Files/f6ec3740-422d-4ac1-9f52-ddfe2cffcb28/Journal/6bbbe322-4c8a-40ed-9652-079810d685ac.pdf |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

The study emphasized that while MMERC provides comprehensive facilities—including free lodging, food, and academic materials—there remain areas for pedagogical improvement. For instance, although students showed notable gains in basic English skills, the study recommended revising the syllabus to better align with learner needs, enhancing teacher training, and incorporating technology such as language labs and interactive tools to improve pronunciation and communication fluency. The findings also noted that students were highly motivated to learn English primarily for career advancement, social integration, and Islamic outreach ([[dawah]]), indicating a clear alignment between personal goals and institutional objectives.<ref name="case study" />

== Welfare Activities ==
MMERC also undertakes charitable projects such as providing medical aid, scholarships, disaster relief, and awareness campaigns in underserved communities.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

== Inter-DELL National Elocution Competition (2015) ==
In 2015, MMERC organized the first ''All-India Inter-DELL National Elocution Competition'' in Mumbai. Participants were DELL students from multiple affiliated institutions across India. All top prizes were secured by MMERC students. The event was presided over by [[Badruddin Ajmal]] and attended by public figures including Zahir Kazi and [[Teesta Setalvad]], who praised the initiative for promoting Islamic scholarship through English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National elocution competition in English among madrassa graduates held |url=https://twocircles.net/2015mar21/1426913933.html |website=Two Circles |date=21 March 2015 |access-date=25 May 2025}}</ref>

== Publications and Media ==

=== Eastern Crescent ===
In 2006, MMERC launched the English monthly magazine ''Eastern Crescent'', which aims to provide Islamic perspectives on contemporary issues. The magazine includes essays, editorials, and interviews with scholars and public intellectuals.<ref name="Chatterjee">{{Cite news |last=Chatterjee |first=Badri |date=7 August 2017 |title=8,500 students from 5 Mumbai schools join Versova beach clean-up |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/8-500-students-from-5-mumbai-schools-join-versova-beach-clean-up/story-nLVc1Plu1EyIXlTBoNW8IN.html |access-date=26 May 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref>

=== Book Publications ===
In December 2016, the then [[Vice President of India]], [[Mohammad Hamid Ansari]], released three books published by MMERC:
* ''Prophet Muhammad's Life: An Introspection on Present Day Conditions'' – by Muddassir Ahmad Qasmi
* ''Common Mistakes among Muslims'' – English translation of ''Aghlatul Awam'' by [[Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
* ''The Elevation of Woman in Islam'' – translated from a work by Abdus Samad Rahmani<ref>{{Cite web |title=Markazul Ma'arif releases three English books |url=https://twocircles.net/2016dec13/1481644600.html |website=TwoCircles.net |date=13 December 2016 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>
* ''Madrasa Education: Its Strength and Weakness'' – an analytical work by [[Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi]], discussing the merits and challenges of traditional Islamic [[education in India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Malik |first=Jamal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NVnVOGluM3UC&dq=madrasa+education+its+strength+and+weakness&pg=PA180 |title=Madrasas in South Asia: Teaching Terror? |date=2007-11-27 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-10763-6 |page=180 |language=en}}</ref>

== Online Services ==
MMERC operates a digital platform providing fatwas and Islamic guidance via its online Darul Ifta. Its online ecosystem includes:
* [https://mmerconline.com Official course website]
* [https://www.markazmedia.com Markaz Media and Publications]
* [https://www.easterncrescent.in Eastern Crescent Magazine]<ref name="mmerc-site" />

== Admissions ==
Admission to MMERC programs is based on an annual entrance exam held during the Islamic month of [[Rajab]]. The process includes assessments in Islamic studies and general knowledge.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entrance exam dates announced for diploma in English for madrasa graduates in Deoband |url=https://twocircles.net/2017mar27/406883.html |website=TwoCircles.net |date=27 March 2017 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

== Environmental and Civic Participation ==
In 2017, MMERC participated in the [[Versova Beach]] cleanup drive in Mumbai. Students joined volunteers from other schools to remove waste as part of a broader environmental awareness initiative.<ref name="Chatterjee" />

== Legal Proceedings ==
In May 2025, MMERC was named in a legal case involving the alleged unauthorized construction of a mosque and madrasa on a public playground in [[Oshiwara]], Mumbai. The [[Bombay High Court]] directed the [[Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation]] (BMC) to conduct a survey and determine the legality of the structures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rohanekar |first=Prateem |date=6 May 2025 |title=HC orders BMC to survey 'illegal' mosque in Oshiwara |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/hc-orders-bmc-to-survey-illegal-mosque-in-oshiwara-101746471417925.html |access-date=26 May 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== Influence ==
MMERC has served as a model for similar programs in other Islamic seminaries, including [[Darul Uloom Deoband]], which have incorporated English language training into their curriculum to better prepare graduates for engagement with modern society.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

MMERC has also been cited in national discourse as an example of a "modern madrasa" initiative that successfully integrates English and modern subjects without compromising on traditional religious instruction. As noted in a 2015 report, the institute attracts thousands of applicants for just 25 seats in its two-year program, which begins with foundational English and culminates in exposure to classical literature, such as the works of Shakespeare. According to the report, graduates have gone on to join multinational corporations, pursue higher education at institutions like [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]], or serve in public and private sectors.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khandekar |first=Omkar |title=Madrassas: Out of Date |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/india/madrassas-out-of-date/ |website=[[Open The Magazine]] |date=9 July 2015 |access-date=26 May 2025}}</ref>

== Alumni ==
Approximately 400 graduates have completed its programs. These alumni work as educators, translators, researchers, and public speakers across India and internationally.<ref name="mmerc-site" />

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Education in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1994]]
[[Category:Deobandi madrasas]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in India]]

Thekkumkur

2026-03-11T17:06:12Z

Lmao: quick cleaned up details after review and improved wording

{{Short description|Kingdom in Kerala from 1103 to 1750}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox former country
|native_name = തെക്കുംകൂർ
|conventional_long_name = Kingdom of Thekkumkur
|era = [[Age of Imperialism]]
|status = Protectorate
|status_text = [[Princely State]] of [[Kerala]]
|empire = Manikandanmar
|government_type = [[Monarchy]]
|year_start = 1103
|year_end = 1750
|event1 = [[Battle of Changanassery|The Battle of Changanassery]]
|date_event1 = 1749
|p1 = Vempolinad
|flag_p1 = Flag of Thekkumkur.png
|s1 = Travancore
|flag_s1 = Flag_of_Kingdom_of_Travancore.svg
|image_flag = File:Flag_of_Thekkumkur.png
|flag_alt = Thekkumkur
|coat_alt = Lion
|image_map =
|image_map_alt = Thekkumkur
|image_map_caption = Kingdom of Thekkumkur in India
|capital = '''[[Vennimala]]''' & [[Manikandapuram]] (1100~1445) '''[[Changanassery]]''' & '''[[Kottayam|Thaliyanthanapuram]]''' (1445-1750)
|national_anthem =
|common_languages = [[Malayalam]] & [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|currency =
|title_leader = [[Maharaja|Manikandanmar]]
|leader1 = [[Aditya Varma Manikandan|Aditya Varma]]
|year_leader1 = 1710–1750
|today = [[India]]
|demonym=|area_km2=|area_rank=|GDP_PPP=|GDP_PPP_year=|HDI=|HDI_year=}}

'''The Kingdom of Thekkumkur''' ({{langx|ml|തെക്കുംകൂർ രാജ്യം}}) (also transliterated as ''Thekkumkoor'' or ''Thekkumcore'') was an independent kingdom in the southern part of [[Kerala]] in [[India]] from 1103 CE until 1750 CE.<ref name="ReferenceA">P. Shungoonny Menon - A HISTORY OF TRAVANCORE - First edition: 1878, New edition: 1983, Page 130, 131 - {{ISBN|978-8170200406}}</ref> It was ruled by the Thekkumkur Royal Family (Edathil Family). Thekkumkur lies between the [[Meenachil River]] and the [[Pamba River]], from the [[Western Ghats]] to the [[Vembanad Kayal]]. Thekkumkur emerged as a result of administrative changes in the princely states at the end of the [[Chera dynasty|Chera Kulasekhara dynasty of Mahodayapuram]]. The literal meaning of the title is ''the southern regent'' and the attribute ''southern'' distinguished them from another kingdom known as ''Vadakkumkur (northern regent)'' which bordered it in the northern side.<ref name="Menon2007">{{cite book|author=A Sreedhara Menon|title=A Survey Of Kerala History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVsw35oEBv4C&pg=PA166|access-date=9 August 2012|date=1 January 2007|publisher=DC Books|isbn=978-81-264-1578-6|pages=166–}}</ref> The royal household, ''Thekkumkur Kovilakam'', were at [[Vennimala]] and [[Manikandapuram]] near [[Puthuppally, Kottayam|Puthuppally]], later it shifted to [[Neerazhi Palace]] at [[Puzhavathu]] of [[Changanassery]] and [[Talikkottai|Thalilkotta]] at Thaliyanthanapuram ([[Kottayam]]).

== History ==
=== End of Kulasekhara Empire ===
Thekkumkur emerges as a result of administrative changes in the princely states at the end of the [[Chera dynasty|Kulasekhara Empire]] at the end of the 11th century.<ref>Menon, A Sreedhara (1 January 2007). A Survey Of Kerala History. DC Books. {{ISBN|9788126415786}}. Retrieved 7 January 2019</ref> The feudal forms emerged as a result of the Brahmin's authority to acquire the physical rights of the land through the expansion of tiles and the influence of the slums which were the agricultural land. Smaller feudal lords subordinated themselves to the dynasties like Vempolinad. Due to the increase in the geographical area, Vempolinad was partitioned into two princely states called Thekkumkur and [[Vadakkumkur]]. The northern parts of Vembalanad were transformed into Vadakkumkur, and the southern parts of Vembalanad were merged with '''Munjunad''' and '''Nantuzhainad''' and formed Thekkumkur.<ref>Book Title: Suryakalati (Historic Novel), Volume 2
Author: Pi. Vi Tampi
Publisher: Kar̲ant̲ Buks, 1987
Original: University of California
Digitized: 31 Jan 2007
Total pages: 435</ref> There is no disagreement among historians as to what might have happened in the first decade of the twelfth century. However, there are some indications that the ritual had begun before that and the century before. Only that it was not transformed into an absolute monarchy of ''Thekkumkur kingdom''.<ref>Narayanan, M.G.S. (2013). Perumāḷs of Kerala: Brahmin oligarchy and ritual monarchy: political and social conditions of Kerala under the Cēra Perumāḷs of Makōtai (c. AD 800-AD 1124). Thrissur: CosmoBooks. {{ISBN|9788188765072}}.</ref>

=== Origin ===
[[File: Symbol of Thekkumkur Dynasty.png|175px|thumb|right|Royal seal of Thekkumkur Dynasty engraved in stone (Punchaman Illom, Vennimala)]]
Ilaya Raja (Prince) of Vempolinad who lived in '''Vemballi palace''' ({{langx|ml|വെമ്പള്ളി കൊട്ടാരം}}) founded Thekkumkur kingdom at the beginning of the 12th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/print-edition/vijayapadham/vijayapadham-15-02-2017-1.1730670|title = LDC Quick Book}}</ref> After their separation, Thekkumkur became an independent kingdom, while Vadakkumkur became a vassal of [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zUkULqT28UoC&q=Vadakkumkur|title=Census of India, 2001: Wayanad|date=2004|publisher=Controller of Publications}}</ref> The northern parts of Vempolinad were transformed into Vadakkumkur, and the southern parts of Vempolinad were merged with ''Nantuzhunad'' and ''Munjunad'' and formed Thekkumkur in AD 1103.<ref>http://assemblyelection2011.com/ {{Dead link|date=March 2022}}</ref> [[Vennimala]] was chosen as the headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy because the Thekkumkur king was the koyil authority of the ''Venimala Sree Rama Lakshmana Perumal Temple'' which was supposed to have been founded by [[Chera Perumals of Makotai|Bhaskara Ravi Varma-II]] (1019–1021).<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. 2002. ‘The State in the Era of the Ceraman Perumals of Kerala’, in State and Society in Premodern South India, eds R. Champakalakshmi, Kesavan Veluthat, and T. R. Venugopalan, pp.111–19. Thrissur, CosmoBooks</ref>

=== Initial Capital - Vennimala and Manikandapuram ===
[[File:Vennimala.jpg|175px|thumb|left|Sree Rama Lakshmana Perumal Temple, Vennimala]]
[[Vennimala]] was established as the headquarters of Thekkumkur kingdom.<ref>Book Title: Sthalapurāṇaṅṅaḷ
Author: Iṭamaruk
Publisher: Royal Book Depot, 1972
Original from The University of California
Digitized: 2 Jun 2009
Length: 210 pages</ref> Vennimala was the most secure place for the enemy. The forests were cut down and developed into habitable areas and the administration is strengthened by the capital city of [[Manikandapuram]]. The Manikandapuram Krishna temple is believed to have been built by King Iravi Manikandan in 1152 AD.<ref>Kottarathil, Sankunni (2018). AITHIHYAMALA (Malayalam). 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.). Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|9780195698893}}</ref> Manikandapuram and adjoining areas flourished with the administrative and populace necessary for capital. During the rule of the Thekkumkur kings, Manikandapuram was a very flourishing town. There is evidence that the fort and the tunnels were at Manikandapuram, as were the later headquarters of the Thekkumkur monarchy at [[Changanassery]] and [[Kottayam|Thaliyanthanapuram (Kottayam)]].

=== Changanassery and Thaliyanthanapuram ===
[[File:Kavil Temple Changanassery.jpg|175px|thumb|right|Thekkumkur [[Goddess|Paradevatha]] (Edathil Bhagavathy) Temple at Puzhavathu]]
As part of the growth of the market hubs in ''idanadu'' (medieval places), it was an intellectual move to have good interventions in the kingdom, the capital shifted to [[Puzhavathu]] in [[Changanassery]] at the beginning of 15th century. Apart from trade, Thekkumkur has promoted Changanassery as the best town for transportation in the southern neighboring princely states of Kerala. The administrative center remained in the [[Neerazhi Palace]] of Changanassery for the next three and a half centuries.<ref>Encyclopedia of Tourism Resources in India; Author: Dr. Manohar Sajnani, Published in 2001, Published by: Kalpaz Publications; Address: C-30, Satyawati Nagar, Phase-III, Ashok Vihar, Delhi-110052, {{ISBN|81-7835-014-9}} (set), {{ISBN|81-7835-018-1}} (Vol II)</ref> The relocation of the headquarters to [[Neerazhi Palace|Neerazhikettu Kottaram]] at Changanassery made it easier for them to ease the commodities that frequent the Vembanadu lagoon and to combat the encroachments of the backwaters of [[Ambalappuzha|Chempakassery]].

[[File:Thalikotta Temple Main Srikovil.JPG|175px|thumb|left|Thali Temple, Thalikotta (Thaliyanthanapuram)]]
By the end of the 15th century, the Thekkumur kings had built a palace and fort near the [[Talikotta Mahadeva Temple|Thaliyil temple]] and established another capital on the banks of the river Meenachil at Thalianthanapuram (Kottayam). Thali Temple was one of the eighteen and a half Thali shrines ({{langx|ml|പതിനെട്ടര തളികൾ}}) of Kerala. An additional capital city establishment was by the trade developments in the Thazhathangadi river ([[Meenachil River]]) and the collapse of the ancient thali ({{langx|ml|തളി}}) as a center of [[Brahmanism]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/kottayam/2019/09/07/kottayam-history-historic-sites-churches-temples-fort.html|title=Remains of Kottayam's glorious past|website=www.manoramaonline.com}}</ref> The fort, which was about a kilometer in circumference and was about 12 feet high, was made of heavy red sandstone and had six bastions (the tower of view) and five-meters (seven Kol) wide trenches.

== Geography ==
[[File:Map of South Kerala 1498 AD by Dutch.png|175px|thumb|right|Map of Thekkumkur (1498) By Dutch Rev.Samuel Mateer]]
An earthen fort along the border of Vadakkumkoor and Thekkumkoor, it beginning from [[Athirampuzha]], it extended to Kondur (east of [[Pala, Kerala]]). Initially, the Thekkumkur boundary was the [[Western Ghats|Western Ghats (Sahyadri Mountains)]] to the [[Vembanadu Lake|Vembanadu Lake (Vembanadu Kayal)]] and the [[Kanakkary]] to [[Kaipattoor|Kaipattoor (Kadavu)]] in [[Achankovil River]]. In the late 18th century, however, the area of the kingdom declined. As a Dutch map of AD1743 indicates, the boundaries are;<ref>N.E Kesavan Namboothiri, Thekkumkoor Charithravum Puravrithavum (Kottayam: National Book Stall, 2014), 8-9</ref>

*'''West:''' Vembanadu Lake; Place includes: [[Kumarakom]], Eara, Neelamperoor, Kidangara, Muttar, Neerettupuram, Niranam
*'''South:''' Place includes: Budhanur, Puliyur, Parumala, [[Chengannur]], [[Aranmula]], [[Kozhencherry]], Ayirur, [[Ranni, Kerala]]
*'''East:''' Place includes: Mukkoottuthara, [[Erumeli]], Kannimala, Chotty, Thidanad, [[Meenachil]]
*'''North:''' Place includes: [[Pala, Kerala]], Lalam, Koodallur, Kanakkary, Athiranpuzha

Historian K.N Gopala Pillai, Kuruppum Veettil is written of the country's borders in his historical novel "Thekkumkur Rani". He said that [[Purakkad]] belonged to Thekkumur and was an important trading center of the country.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.N Gopala Pillai Kuruppum Veettil|title=Thekkumkur Rani (Queen of Thekkumkur)|url=https://archive.org/details/ThekkumkoorRani/page/n7|access-date=2 December 2019|year=1948|publisher=The Hindustan Publishing House, Trivandrum, Publisher: Thomas George BA|pages=224–}}</ref>

== Separation of [[Poonjar dynasty|Poonjar Provinance]] ==
It is believed that a branch of the [[Pandya dynasty|Pandyan dynasty]] who had to flee in the 12th century after a dispute over [[Madurai]]; later sold their possessions and established a kingdom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kerala-tourism.org/kerala-monuments/poonjar-palace.html|title=Poonjar Palace Kottayam - Poonjar Palace Kerala India}}</ref> Pandya king, '''Manavikrama Kulasekhara Perumal''' who came from Madurai and later settled in Ettumanur. Udaya Kulasekara of the Pandya dynasty was revealed the locals the intent of the robbers who came to loot Ettumanur Siva temple in the early 15th century. In the congregation that followed '''Udaya Kulasekara Perumal''' of Pandya king made the covenant with Kotha Varman Manikandan of Thekkumkur in AD 1419 at Thaliyanthanapuram. Thekkumkur king summoned the local governing councils and locals at Thaliyil Temple to understand their minds about the covenant. According to the covenant with Kotha Varman and Manavikraman of Pandya dynasty; the Poonjar kingdom was acquired by giving a certain amount of gold and undefined emeralds to the Thekkumkur<ref>{{cite book |last=V|first=Ramakumar |date=September 2002 |chapter=പൂഞ്ഞാർ രാജവംശം |edition=1st |editor=Paramasivan Nair |title=Sree Ayyappan |url=http://www.sisobooks.net |location=[[Thiruvananthapuram]] |publisher=Siso books |pages=55–56 |isbn=81-7797-033-X}}</ref> This is a treaty document on the rise of the Poonjar kingdom. KP Padmanabha Menon writes in the Malabar histories about the authentic account of the country exchange treaties held at the Mukha mandapam of Thaliyil Siva temple.<ref>Title History of Kerala: A History of Kerala Written in the Form of Notes on Visscher's Letters from Malabar, Volume 1
History of Kerala: a history of Kerala written in the form of notes on Visscher's letters from Malabar
Author K.P. Padmanabha Menon
Editor T. K. Krishna Menon
Publisher Asian Educational Services, 1982
{{ISBN|8120601645}}, 9788120601642</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! '''The Poonjar Covenant'''
! '''പൂഞ്ഞാർ ഉടമ്പടി'''
|-
| Tekkuṅkūr svarūpattiṅkaninnuṁ pūññāṟṟil perumāḷkk maññamala periyār uḷppeṭa malampiṟaṁ eḻuti keāṭuttatāvit. keāllaṁ 594 (AD1419) makaraṁ ñāyaṟil pūññār udayakulaśēkharapperumāḷ paṇṭārattilēykk veṇpala nāṭṭuṭaya kēātavarm'man kēāviladhikārikaḷ maññamala periyār malampiṟattinatir. 
kiḻakk kaṇṇam'mēṭṭinuṁ talakkuḷatt mēṭṭinuṁ nētākara mēṭṭinuṁ vaḻukkappāṟa mēṭṭinuṁ talamala kiḻakkēāṭṭ cāññatinuṁ mēkkuttekk vaḻukkappāṟaykkuṁ mullaykkuṁ pēraṭa pāṟattēāṭṭinuṁ tēvarakkuḷatt mēṭṭinuṁ cēāṟṟippāṟaykkuṁ kūṭṭikkalkkuṁ mēkkuvaṭakk mannammuṭṭikkuṁ kunnēāmmuṟikkuṁ kuṭamuruṭṭimalaykkuṁ mār malaykkuṁ periyal malaykkuṁ pēāḻākkallinuṁ oru tarattilāṇ cāññanēāṭaykkuṁ murikkal taṟamēṭṭinuṁ tekkuḷḷa nālatirttikkakatt maññamala cāttāvineyuṁ malayaṭimāreyuṁ kūṭe aṭṭippēr eḻuti tannirikkunnu. kuṟimānaṁ keāllavarṣaṁ 614 (AD 1439)
| ''തെക്കുംകൂർ സ്വരൂപത്തിങ്കനിന്നും പൂഞ്ഞാറ്റിൽ പെരുമാൾക്ക് മഞ്ഞമല പെരിയാർ ഉൾപ്പെട മലമ്പിറം എഴുതി കൊടുത്തതാവിത്. കൊല്ലം 594 (എ.ഡി.1419) മകരം ഞായറിൽ പൂഞ്ഞാർ ഉദയകുലശേഖരപ്പെരുമാൾ പണ്ടാരത്തിലേയ്ക്ക് വെൺപല നാട്ടുടയ കോതവർമ്മൻ കോവിലധികാരികൾ മഞ്ഞമല പെരിയാർ മലമ്പിറത്തിനതിര്. കിഴക്ക് കണ്ണമ്മേട്ടിനും തലക്കുളത്ത് മേട്ടിനും നേതാകര മേട്ടിനും വഴുക്കപ്പാറ മേട്ടിനും തലമല കിഴക്കോട്ട് ചാഞ്ഞതിനും മേക്കുത്തെക്ക് വഴുക്കപ്പാറയ്ക്കും മുല്ലയ്ക്കും പേരട പാറത്തോട്ടിനും തേവരക്കുളത്ത് മേട്ടിനും ചോറ്റിപ്പാറയ്ക്കും കൂട്ടിക്കൽക്കും മേക്കുവടക്ക് മന്നംമുട്ടിക്കും കുന്നോംമുറിക്കും കുടമുരുട്ടിമലയ്ക്കും മാർ മലയ്ക്കും പെരിയൽ മലയ്ക്കും പോഴാക്കല്ലിനും കിടങ്ങൽമുറിക്കും കിഴക്കുവടക്ക് നല്ല തണ്ണീരാറ്റിനും ചെങ്കരത്തോടിനും ചാഞ്ഞനോടയ്ക്കും മുരിക്കൽ തറമേട്ടിനും തെക്കുള്ള നാലതിർത്തിക്കകത്ത് മഞ്ഞമല ചാത്താവിനെയും മലയടിമാരെയും കൂടെ അട്ടിപ്പേർ എഴുതി തന്നിരിക്കുന്നു. കുറിമാനം കൊല്ലവർഷം 614 (എ.ഡി.1439)''
|-
|}

== Rulers of Thekkumkur ==
[[File:Thazhathangadi Jama Masjid.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Thazhathangadi Juma Masjid built by Thekkumkur king]]
* '''Ilayaraja Vimbileeswaran''' of Vempally Palace: 1103 - 1150 C.E.; Founder of Thekkumkur Dynasty.
* '''Eravi Manikandan Varman''': 1150 - 1180 C.E.; Mentioned in [[Aithihyamala|Aithihyamala of Kottarathil Sankunni]]; [[Rajarshi]]; Built Manikandapuram temple at [[Vakathanam]].
* '''Kumaran Iyakan Manikandan''': 1300 C.E.; Mentioned in [[Tiruvalla copper plates]] (Thiruvalla Grandhavari).
* '''Rama Varman Manikandan''': 1350 - 1378 C.E.; Mentioned in the oldest literary in Malayalam language [[Unnuneeli Sandesam]] ([[Sandesa Kavya|sandesa kavyam]]).
* '''Kotha Varman Manikandan''': 1408 - 1440 C.E.; Made a covenant to sold the possessions to Udaya Kulasekara Perumal of [[Pandya Dynasty|Pandya king]] to establish the [[Poonjar dynasty]].
* '''Adithya Varman Manikandan''': 1520 - 1555 C.E.; Built [[Thazhathangady Pally]] on the bank of [[Meenachil River]].
* '''Eravi Varman Manikandan''': 1555 - 1579 C.E.; Younger brother of Adithya Varman.
* '''Goda Varman Manikandan''': 1579 - 1606 C.E.; Built [[Thazhathangady Pally|Kottayam Cheriya Pally]].
* '''Kerala Aditya Varman Manikandan''': 1626 - 1629 C.E.; Mentioned in Vanchipuzha Madam Script.
* '''Kerararu Goda Varman Manikandan''': 1650 - 1674 C.E.; Started a [[German language|Deutsche]] school; A [[Mizhavu]] [[Talikotta Mahadeva Temple|dedicated to Thaliyil temple in 1661]].
* '''Unni Kerala Varman Manikandan''': 1674 - 1691 C.E.; Built Keralapuram Palace in Kottayam.
* '''Udaya Marthanda Varman Manikandan''': 1691 - 1717 C.E.; Built Chitrakulam Mahadevar Temple and Chitrakulam pond at [[Puzhavathu]].
* '''[[Aditya Varma Manikandan|Adithya Varman Manikandan]]''': 1717 - 1750 C.E.; Last King of Thekkumkur Dynasty; Fought in [[Battle of Changanassery]] with Marthanda Varma of [[Travancore]].

== Royal Palaces ==
The [[Neerazhi Palace]] (Changanassery) at [[Puzhavathu]]<ref name="ReferenceA"/> and Talikota Kovilakam (Thaliyanthanapuram) in [[Kottayam]]<ref>Title: Census of India, 2001; Part 12 of Census of India, 2001: Kerala, India. Director of Census Operations, Kerala; Contributors: Sheela Thomas, India. Director of Census Operations, Kerala; Publisher: Controller of Publications, Year of publishing: 2004; Original: University of Minnesota</ref> are the main residences of the Thekkumkur kings. Initially, the Maharaja lived in Venimala<ref>Book Title: Sthalapurāṇaṅṅaḷ; Author: Idamaruk; Publisher: Royal Book Depot; Published year: 1972; Original: The University of California; Digitized: 2 Jun 2009; Length: 210 pages</ref> and Manikandapuram,<ref>Kottarathil Sankunni (2018); AITHIHYAMALA (Malayalam), 1 (Issue No. 1 ed.), Kottayam, Kerala, India: DC Books. p. 20. {{ISBN|9780195698893}}</ref> which continued until the royal residence was moved to Neerazhi Palace. The Thekkumkur royal family had several palaces including [[Aranmula Mangattu Palace|Aranmula Palace]], Keralapuram Palace, Edathil Palace Pallom etc.<ref>{{cite book|author=K.N Gopala Pillai Kuruppum Veettil|title=Thekkumkur Rani (Queen of Thekkumkur)|url=https://archive.org/details/ThekkumkoorRani/page/n7|access-date=2 December 2019|year=1948|publisher=The Hindustan Publishing House, Trivandrum, Publisher: Thomas George BA|pages=224}}</ref>

== The Battle of Changanassery ==
[[File:Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Marthanda Varma]] of Travancore who defeated Thekkumkur in the [[Battle of Changanassery]]]]
The last king of Thekkumkur was [[Aditya Varma Manikandan]] and he resided in the [[Neerazhi Palace]] at Changanassery.<ref name="ReferenceB">Book Title: Mahakshetrangalude Munnil;
Author: Nalamkel Krishna Pillai;
Total: 816 pages;
Published year: 1997;
Published by: D.C. Books Printers Publishers Booksellers;
{{ISBN|9788171307074}};
Edition Language: Malayalam
Literary Awards: Vyasa Award of Travancore Devaswam Board</ref> It was a time when an alliance between Adityavarma and his younger brother Goda Varman broke out. The king was willing to the alliance with Kochi, however, the crown prince was sympathetic to Travancore and Marthanda Varma. Goda Varman (crown prince of Thekkumkur) and [[Marthanda Varma]] of Travancore were classmates at Madurai when they were studying of Rajyadharma. After hearing of the military advance of the [[Travancore]] under the leadership of [[Ramayyan Dalawa]] and [[Eustachius De Lannoy|Caption De Lannoy]]; the crown prince of Thekkumkur (Goda Varman) then advised king ''Aditya Varma Manikandan'' to make a friendship with Travancore kingdom by understanding the downfall of princely state [[Purakkad|Ampalapuzha]] (Chempakassery) and the fall of princely state [[Odanad|Kayamkulam]].<ref>https://www.namboothiri.com/ articles/naaduvaazhikal.htm</ref> Meanwhile, when Marthanda Varma seized [[Odanad|Kayamkulam]] and [[Purakkad|Chempakassery]], Aditya Varma realized that they were the next victims and sent his brother to [[Thiruvananthapuram]] for an unconditional peace mission and met [[Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma]] of Travancore and requested help.

Unfortunately, Marthanda Varma asked Goda Varman, to promise that he would be in power if he helped to oust king Adithya Varman. Marthanda Varma had already heard the rift between the brothers. The younger king was well-received in the southern part of Thekkumkur kingdom. The self-righteous crown prince decided to return to Thekkumkur soon after the disagreement. The evil intelligence of Marthanda Varma and [[Ramayyan Dalawa]] aroused together. He sent a messenger to the younger king and told him the fake news, saying, "Departure to Kottayam immediately; the mother's health is bad".<ref name="ReferenceB"/> The crown prince Goda Varman decided to leave, boarded the boat and headed north; Marthanda Varma gave him some gifts for Thekkumkur king Aditya Varma Manikandan<ref>The Travancore State Manual Vol 1 to 4; Publisher: Kerala Council for Historical Research; {{ISBN|8185499268}}; Edition: 1996; Pages: 2500; Author: T.K. Velu Pillai; Editor:S. Raimon; Category: Manuals; Year of Publishing:1940</ref> On the way, he descended on [[Anchuthengu Fort]] and received eleven ritual fire by the [[British East India|British authorities]]. From there he reached via [[Paravur Lake]], [[Ashtamudi Lake]], [[Kayamkulam Kayal|Kayamkulam Lake]] and [[Vembanadu Lake]]. The next day the boat of the crown prince reached Illyakkadavu at Thazhathangadi. Ramayyan's servants were followed by another boat and they slaughtered the crown prince Goda Varman and his servants. The next day was the declaration of war of Travancore. ''Crown prince's "classmate" challenges to Aditya Varman Manikandan for cheating and killing of his younger brother''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/unravelling-a-17th-century-multilingual-school/article25753903.ece|title=Unravelling a 17th-century multilingual school|first=U.|last=Hiran|newspaper=The Hindu|date=December 15, 2018|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

[[File:Vazhappally Temple.jpg|200px|thumb|left|[[Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple]]]]
[[Ramayyan Dalawa]] spread the news that the Thekkumkur king Adithya Varman killed crown prince Goda Varman. But historian P. Shankuni Menon is justifying Travancore in his book ''Travancore History of Shankuni Menon''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorytravanc00menogoog|title=A History of Travancore from the Earliest Times|date=November 30, 1878|publisher=Higginbotham|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> The Thekkumkur fort and the [[Neerazhi Palace]] at Changanassery were attacked in September 1749.<ref>Thekkumkoor Charithravum Puravrithavum, Author: Prof N E Kesavan Nampoothiri, Publisher: NBS (National Book Stall, Kottayam: 2014), {{ISBN|9789385725647}}</ref> The Vazhappally Pathillathil Potimar (administrator of [[Vazhappally Maha Siva Temple]]) assisted the king Aditya Varman in the Neerazhi Palace and transferred him to Nattassery at [[Kottayam]]. The Kannamperoor wooden bridge at [[Vazhappally]] was destroyed to prevent the Travancore troops from following them in the event of adverse weather.<ref name="A Sreedhara Menon 2007 pp. 166">A Sreedhara Menon (1 January 2007). A Survey Of Kerala History. DC Books. pp. 166–. {{ISBN|978-81-264-1578-6}}. Retrieved 9 August 2012.</ref> The Thekkumkur king Aditya Verman fled to [[Calicut]] and gave refuge to the [[Zamorin of Calicut|Zamorin (Zamuthiri)]]. Proceedings of September 11, 1749; On the 28th of the year Malayalam era 925 Chingam (September 11, 1749 AD), the capital of the Thekkumkur conquered by Ramayyan Dalawa and merged to Travancore kingdom.<ref>{{cite book|last=Menon|first=P Shungoonny|title=History of Travancore from the Earliest Times by P Shungoonny Menon (Dewan Peishcar of Travancore)|year=1878|publisher=Higginbotham and Company|location=Madras|pages=152, 153}}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/kottayam/2019/09/07/kottayam-history-historic-sites-churches-temples-fort.html|title=Remains of Kottayam's glorious past|website=OnManorama}}</ref><ref name="A Sreedhara Menon 2007 pp. 166"/>

== At present ==
The Thekkumkur Royal family members are now staying at Nattassery; now this Palace is visible with several ancient Nalukett & new houses constructed by current family members in close compounds of Edathil Bhagavathy Temple. Descendents of Thekkumkur Royal families stay in Nedikunnathu "Vazhuvelil" family and one branch moved to Kayamkulam and joined with their relative family which is also related to Odanadu (Kayamkulam) royal family and finally settled near Nurunadu and family are known as "Muthanttedam" or elder branch of Edathil (Thekkumkoor) Swarupam. Nediyanikkal Panayil Devi temple deity is worshipped by them as Edathil Bhagavathy. They lost their glorious past and live like any other Nair family and part of the Nalukett is renovated and some family members are living there .,.<ref>pages 198-214, A history of Travancore from earliest times, P. Shungoony Menon, 1878, published by Higginbothams and Co, Madras</ref><ref>Granthavari Edathil Swarupam</ref>

After the subjugation of the [[Dutch India|Dutch]] by [[Travancore]] in 1742, military operations of [[Marthanda Varma]] progressed against the northern neighboring kingdoms including Thekkumkoor. Though Thekkumkoor allied with Chempakassery and Vadakkumkoor to protect the kingdom, all of them were finally annexed to Travancore.<ref>{{cite book|author=A. Sreedhara Menon|title=Political History of Modern Kerala|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC&pg=PA140|access-date=10 August 2012|year=1987|publisher=D C Books|isbn=978-81-264-2156-5|pages=140–}}</ref>

The ruler of Thekkumkur had sided first with the [[Odanad|Kingdom of Kayamkulam]] and then with the principality of [[Ambalapuzha]] against Travancore under [[Marthanda Varma]]. After the fall of Ambalapuzha, and as the ruler of Thekkumkoorr refused to come to terms with Travancore, his capital city was taken on 11 September 1750 by [[Ramayyan Dalawa]], the general and prime minister of Marthanda Varma and the state was annexed to Travancore in 1753. The details of the battle are described in the '[[iarchive:ahistorytravanc00menogoog|History of Travancore From The Earliest Times]]' by P. Shankunni Menon, erstwhile Diwan Peshkar (a rank equivalent to Deputy Prime Minister) of the Travancore State and father of another noted historian K. P. Padmanabha Menon. Towards the end, the Thekkumkure Royal Family only controlled the small area of [[Kovilakam]] of Kolathu Kara Kozhanchery.

== Paradevatha ==
''Edathil Bhagavathy'' is the [[goddess|paradevatha]] of the Thekkumcore Royal Family. Daily pūjās are performed by the Vadakkummal family. Vadakkummal Vikraman Namboodiri is the current main priest. The pūjās are performed by the thandri from [[surya]] Kaladi Mana. There will be a [[Puja (Hinduism)|thrikala pūjā]] (meaning pūjās in the morning, noon & evening) on this day. It is a day for family get-togethers as well. The main [[Puja (Hinduism)|pūjā]] is performed on ''[[Hindu calendar|Medam 18]]'' (which usually it falls on 1 May) every year.

The last day ceremony of the Kumaranallor Temple Ulsavam, the [[Aaraattu|ārāttu]] (the day after the Thrikkarthika) is performed at the [[Meenachil River]] which is close to the Edathil Temple (2 km away from [[Kumaranalloor|Kumaranalloor Devi Temple]]). The ''ārāttu'' is performed near the Edathil Bhagavathi Temple once every year since Kumaranalloor Bhagavathi comes to see her sister the Edathil Bhagavathi. During the month of January [[Bhagavata Purana]] Sapthaham with Bhagavatham Moolam is conducted every year.

== References ==
{{Reflist|3}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ktm.kerala.gov.in/history.htm Official website of Kottayam]
* Thekkumcoor Charitravum [http://www.indulekha.com/thekkumkoor-charitravum-puravruthavum-history-n-e-kesavan-namboothiri Puravruthavum]

{{Feudal states of Kerala}}
{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thekkumkoor}}
[[Category:History of Kottayam district]]
[[Category:Kingdoms of Kerala]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Thekkumkur]]

Ramkrishnapur High School

2026-02-21T06:37:36Z

Lmao: adding a details

{{multiple issues|
{{one source|date=March 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2015}}
{{unreliable sources|date=March 2015}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Howrah Ramkrishnapur High School
| native_name =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| motto =
| motto_translation =
| address = 25, Uma Charan Bhattacharjee Ln, Naora, Shibpur
| city = Howrah
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| postal_code = 711101
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|22.5778141|N|88.3279698|E|region:IN-WB_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| other_name = 
| former_name = 
| type =
| religious_affiliation =
| established =
| founder =
| closed =
| school_board =
| oversight =
| principal =
| staff =
| faculty =
| grades =
| gender = Boys
| age_range =
| enrolment =
| language =
| campus_size =
| campus_type =
| colours =
| teams = 
| accreditation = 
| publication =
| newspaper =
| yearbook =
| affiliation = 
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Ramkrishnapur High School''' is a [[Bengali language|Bengali-medium]] secondary school for boys in [[Howrah district]], [[West Bengal]], India.<ref name=schools>{{cite web|url=http://www.schoolsworld.in/schools/showschool.php?school_id=19161502806|title=HOW RAMKRISHNAPUR HIGH SCHOOL, HOWRAH MUNICIPAL CORPORATION}}</ref> The school has two teachers and 106 students, most of them from the local area.<ref name=schools/>

The school is affiliated to the [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] (for Secondary level teaching), the [[West Bengal Council of Rabindra Open Schooling]] (for both Secondary & Higher Secondary levels), and the [[West Bengal State Council of Vocational Education and Training]] for vocational courses.

== See also ==
*[[Howrah Sangha Adarsha Balika Vidyalaya]]
*[[Education in West Bengal]]
*[[List of schools in Howrah]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|School|Education}}

[[Category:Boys' schools in India]]
[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Schools in Howrah district]]
[[Category:Education in Howrah]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1862]]
[[Category:1862 establishments in British India]]

{{WestBengal-school-stub}}

2012 Kolkata Knight Riders season

2026-02-16T16:53:24Z

Lmao: creating new data

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club =[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
| season =2012
| coach = [[Trevor Bayliss]]
| captain = [[Gautam Gambhir]]
| ground = [[Eden Gardens]], [[Kolkata]]
| comp1 = [[2012 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Winners
| comp2 = [[2012 Champions League Twenty20|CLT20]]
| comp2 result = Group stage
| most runs = [[Gautam Gambhir]] (590)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6680;type=tournament |title=Indian Premier League, 2012/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703081739/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6680%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate= 3 July 2013 }}</ref>
| most wickets =[[Sunil Narine]] (24)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=6680;type=tournament |title=Indian Premier League, 2012/ Records / Most runs |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110045/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=6680%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate=14 May 2015 }}</ref>
| prevseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2011|2011]]
| nextseason = [[Kolkata Knight Riders in 2013|2013]]
}}

[[Kolkata Knight Riders]] (KKR) is a franchise cricket team based in Kolkata, [[India]], which plays in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL). They were one of the nine teams that competed in the [[2012 Indian Premier League|2012 IPL]]. They were captained by [[Gautam Gambhir]]. Kolkata Knight Riders emerged as winners of the 2012 IPL and qualified for the Champions League T20.

== Background ==
Due to the disbanding of [[Kochi Tuskers Kerala]], each team played the remaining eight teams twice, once at home and once away. Therefore, each team played 16 matches. KKR bought back [[Brendon McCullum]] for $900,000 and West Indies [[Sunil Narine]] for $700,000. They also bought South-African [[Marchant de Lange]] for $50,000. The team replaced coach Dav Whatmore by [[Trevor Bayliss]].<ref>{{citation|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/story/547905.html|title = Trevor Bayliss named new Knight Riders coach}}</ref> Kolkata Knight Riders also launched a new marketing campaign titled "New Dawn. New Knights" and a new logo.<ref>{{citation|url = http://www.ipl-schedule.net/kkr-launch-new-marketing-campaign-new-dawn-new-knights/|title = KKR launch new marketing campaign "New Dawn. New Knights"}}</ref>

KKR got off to a poor start in the tournament, losing their first two games against [[Delhi Daredevils]] and [[Rajasthan Royals]]. However, they fought back with consecutive wins over [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] and Rajasthan Royals. In the next match, however, they messed up an easy chase against [[Kings XI Punjab]], losing narrowly by 2 runs. KKR's West Indian spinner [[Sunil Narine]] took the only five-wicket haul of the tournament (5–19) in that match and despite his team losing, he was declared as the Man of The Match. KKR then went on to win six matches in a row (except for a washed-out match against [[Deccan Chargers]]). However, the team's performances dipped in the following two matches, losing against [[Mumbai Indians]] and [[Chennai Super Kings]]. Eventually the team had a timely return to form, when they beat Mumbai Indians and [[Pune Warriors India]] in successive away matches, with the team bowling economically to defend average totals. This earned a second-place finish for the team at the end of the league stage and a semi-final match against Delhi Daredevils. An all-round performance from them saw Delhi being defeated by 18 runs, and KKR also qualifying for their maiden IPL final.

The final between the Knight Riders and the defending two-time champions [[Chennai Super Kings]] was held at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]].<ref name="win">{{cite web|title = We did it for Balaji – Gambhir|url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/content/current/story/566435.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date = 27 May 2012}}</ref> A hamstring injury to [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] resulted in the inclusion of [[Brett Lee]] and due to him being a foreign player, the team was required to leave out their wicket-keeper batsman [[Brendon McCullum]] to maintain the cap of 4 foreign players. [[Manvinder Bisla]] was brought in to replace McCullum.<ref name="win" /> The team eventually won the match with the help of some impressive batting performance by Bisla (89 from 48 balls) and Jacques Kallis (69 from 49 balls) to become the champions of the tournament for the first time.<ref name="win" /> Manvinder Bisla was declared Man of the Match and [[Sunil Narine]] was named Man of the Series.<ref name="win" />

Sunil Narine was the second-highest wicket-taker as well as player of the tournament, and also had the best economy rate in the tournament.<ref name="eco rate">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=6680;type=tournament |title=Cricket Records. Indian Premier League, 2012. Records. Most wickets. |publisher=Stats. espncricinfo.com |access-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514110045/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=6680%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate=14 May 2015 }}</ref> The batting was led by skipper [[Gautam Gambhir]], who was the second-highest run-getter of the tournament and scored 6 half-centuries out of a total of 11 from his team.<ref name="Runs">{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6680;type=tournament |title=Cricket Records. Indian Premier League, 2012,; Records; Most runs |access-date=21 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703081739/http://stats.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=6680%3Btype%3Dtournament |archivedate= 3 July 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2012/news/KKR-pull-off-stunning-win-over-CSK-in-a-pulsating-IPL-5-final/articleshow/13576756.cms|title = KKR pull off stunning win over CSK in a pulsating IPL 5 final|access-date = 28 May 2012}}</ref>

The state of [[West Bengal]] set up a grand felicitation involving [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]] [[Mamata Banerjee]] and [[Governor of West Bengal]] [[M K Narayanan]] .<ref name="fete" /> The [[Cricket Association of Bengal]] gifted the 17 members of the team with gold chain each and mementos.<ref name="fete" /> A victory parade for the team members was also organized on 28 May beginning from Hazra, [[Writers' Building]] to the [[Eden Garden]] stadium where ten thousand spectators came to cheer for the team during a one-hour celebration that was compared to the India's [[2011 Cricket World Cup|World Cup]] victory lap at the Wankhede in Mumbai the year before.<ref name="fete">{{cite web|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl-2012/news/Nothing-wrong-in-Bengal-govts-KKR-felicitation-Shah-Rukh-Khan/articleshow/13649509.cms|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105102257/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-30/news/31899360_1_kkr-players-kolkata-knight-riders-chennai-super-kings|url-status = live|archive-date = 5 November 2013|work = [[The Times of India]]|title = Nothing wrong in Bengal govt's KKR felicitation: Shah Rukh Khan|access-date = 28 May 2012}}</ref> However, the celebration received criticism from media and certain political parties and had been ridiculed by some pools of society as it had only been organized for a club team.<ref name="fete" /> [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], the team's co-owner and the state's brand ambassador, defended the decision."<ref name="fete" />

===Champions League Twenty20===

KKR's maiden IPL victory in 2012 meant that they would now participate in the [[2012 Champions League Twenty20]] which was held in South Africa. They were in Group A along with Delhi Daredevils, Perth Scorchers, Auckland Aces and Titans. But disappointingly, they were eliminated in the group stage itself, winning only one game against the Titans, which they did so with a record breaking 99 run margin. This was the highest victory margin ever recorded in the CLT20 tournament. Losses to Delhi Daredevils and Auckland Aces followed by a washed out game against Perth meant that KKR finished 3rd in Group A and failed to qualify for the knock out stages of the tournament.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131105131648/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-26/top-stories/31860818_1_champions-league-sialkot-stallions-chennai-super-kings Five cities shortlisted to host Champions League Twenty20] The Times of India. Retrieved 30 May 2012</ref>

== Squad ==
Players with international caps prior to the 2012 season are listed in '''bold'''.<ref>{{cite news |title=IPL 5 teams |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cricket-fest-5/story/ipl-5-teams-97410-2012-03-27 |access-date=15 April 2025 |work=India Today |date=28 March 2012 |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;" width="80%"
|-
!No.
!Name
!Nationality
!Birth date
!Batting Style
!Bowling Style
!Notes
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right| Batters
|-
|03|| '''[[Gautam Gambhir]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|10|14|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
|09|| '''[[Manoj Tiwary (cricketer)|Manoj Tiwary]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1985|11|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
|16||'''[[Eoin Morgan]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1986|9|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
|63|| [[Debabrata Das]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1986|9|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right| All-rounders
|-
|03|| '''[[Jacques Kallis]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1975|10|16|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || [[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|Vice-captain]]
|-
|06|| '''[[Laxmi Ratan Shukla]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|5|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
|22|| [[Rajat Bhatia]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1979|10|22|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|27|| '''[[Ryan ten Doeschate]]''' || {{cr|NED}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1980|6|30|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Medium pace bowling|medium-fast]] || Overseas
|-
|28|| '''[[Yusuf Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1982|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
|75|| '''[[Shakib Al Hasan]]''' || {{cr|BAN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1987|3|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] || Overseas
|-
|–|| [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|11|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right| Wicket-keepers
|-
|24|| '''[[Brad Haddin]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1977|10|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || – || Overseas
|-
|36|| [[Manvinder Bisla]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1984|12|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
|36|| '''[[Brendon McCullum]]''' || {{cr|NZL}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|9|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Overseas
|-
|–|| [[Sanju Samson]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1994|11|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || – ||
|-
! colspan="7" style="background: #DCDCDC" align=right| Bowlers
|-
|04|| '''[[James Pattinson]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1990|5|3|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || Overseas
|-
|08|| [[Pradeep Sangwan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1990|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|14|| [[Shami Ahmed]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1990|3|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|21|| [[Iqbal Abdulla]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1989|12|2|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||
|-
|55|| '''[[Lakshmipathy Balaji]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1981|9|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|58|| '''[[Brett Lee]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1976|11|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Overseas
|-
|74|| '''[[Sunil Narine]]''' || {{cr|WIN}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1988|5|26|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || Overseas
|-
|90|| '''[[Marchant de Lange]]''' || {{cr|RSA}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1990|10|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast]] || Overseas
|-
|99|| '''[[Jaydev Unadkat]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1991|10|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] ||
|-
|–|| [[Iresh Saxena]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1984|3|14|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm orthodox spin|Slow left arm orthodox]] ||
|-
|–|| [[Sarabjit Ladda]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{Birth date and age2|2012|04|04|1986|7|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|}

==Indian Premier League==
===Season standings===
Kolkata Knight Riders finished runners-up in the league stage of IPL 2012.
{{:2012 Indian Premier League|team=KKR}}

=== Match log ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!No.
!Date
!Opponent
!Venue
!Result
!Scorecard
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 1 || 5 April || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 8 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548307.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 2 || 8 April || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Sawai Mansingh Stadium|Jaipur]] || Lost by 22 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-kolkata/engine/match/548312.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 3 || 10 April || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[M Chinnaswamy Stadium|Bengaluru]] || Won by 42 runs, MoM – [[Lakshmipathy Balaji]] 4/18 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-kolkata/engine/match/548315.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 4 || 13 April || [[Rajasthan Royals]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 5 wickets, MoM – [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 3/17 & 16 (10) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-kolkata/engine/match/548320.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 5 || 15 April || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 2 runs, MoM – [[Sunil Narine]] 5/19 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl-kolkata/engine/match/548323.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 6 || 18 April || [[Kings XI Punjab]] || [[PCA Stadium|Mohali]] || Won by 8 wickets, MoM – [[Gautam Gambhir]] 66* (44) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548328.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 7 || 22 April || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Barabati Stadium|Cuttack]] || Won by 5 wickets,MoM – [[Brett Lee]] 1/15 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548335.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#;"
| 8 || 24 April || [[Deccan Chargers]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Match Abandoned without a ball bowled || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548338.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 9 || 28 April || [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 47 runs,MoM – [[Gautam Gambhir]] 93 (51) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548344.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 10 || 30 April || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || Won by 5 wickets, MoM- Gautam Gambhir 63(52) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548347.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 11 || 5 May || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Won by 7 runs, MoM – [[Sunil Narine]] 1/13 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548353.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 12 || 7 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[Feroz Shah Kotla|New Delhi]] || Won by 6 wickets, MoM – [[Jacques Kallis]] 2/20,30 (27) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548357.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 13 || 12 May || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 27 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548363.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 14 || 14 May || [[Chennai Super Kings]] || [[Eden Gardens|Kolkata]] || Lost by 5 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548368.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 15 || 16 May || [[Mumbai Indians]] || [[Wankhede Stadium|Mumbai]] || Won by 32 runs, MoM – [[Sunil Narine]] 4/15 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548370.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 16 || 19 May || [[Pune Warriors India]] || [[Pune International Cricket Centre|Pune]] || Won by 34 runs, MoM – [[Shakib Al Hasan]] 42 (30) & 2/18 || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548375.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 17 || 22 May || [[Delhi Daredevils]] (Qualifier 1) || [[Pune International Cricket Centre|Pune]] || Won by 18 runs, MoM – [[Yusuf Pathan]] 40* (21) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/current/match/548378.html Score Card]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 18 || 27 May || [[Chennai Super Kings]] (Final) || [[MA Chidambaram Stadium|Chennai]] || won by 5 wickets, MoM – [[Manvinder Bisla]] 89 (48) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2012/engine/match/548381.html Score Card]
|- " class="sortbottom"
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; "| Overall record: 12–5. Champions. Qualified for 2012 Champions League Twenty20
|}

==Champions League Twenty20==
===Match log===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:5%;"| No.
! style="width:20%;"| Date
! style="width:20%;"| Opponent
! style="width:10%;"| Venue
! style="width:40%;"| Result
! style="width:10%;"| Match Scorecard
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 1 || 13 October || [[Delhi Daredevils]] || [[SuperSport Park|Centurion]] ||Lost by 52 runs || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/574253.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#fbb; "
| 2 || 15 October || [[Auckland cricket team|Auckland Aces]]|| [[Newlands Cricket Ground|Cape Town]] ||Lost by 7 wickets || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/574256.html Scorecard]
|-
| 3 || 17 October || [[Perth Scorchers]] || [[Kingsmead Cricket Ground|Durban]] || Match abandoned due to rain || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/574260.html Scorecard]
|- style="background:#c3fdb8;"
| 4 || 21 October || [[Titans cricket team|Titans]]|| [[Newlands Cricket Ground|Cape Town]] || Won by 99 runs, MoM – [[Debabrata Das]] – 43* (19) || [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/574267.html Scorecard]
|-
| colspan="6" style="text-align: center; "|Overall record: 1–2. Failed to advance.
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Knight Riders}}

[[Category:2012 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Kolkata Knight Riders seasons]]

Salma Islam

2026-02-11T16:10:05Z

Lmao: reworked intro

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Salma Islam
| image = Salma Islam (cropped).jpg
| caption = Islam in 2007

| constituency_MP = Reserved women's seat-49
| parliament = Bangladesh
| term_start = 28 February 2024
| term_end = 6 August 2024
| predecessor = [[Afroza Haque Rina]]

| constituency_MP1 = Reserved women's seat-44
| parliament1 = Bangladesh
| term_start1 = 30 January 2019
| term_end1 = 29 January 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Noor-E-Hasna Lily Chowdhury]]
| successor1 = [[Faridun Nahar Laily]]

| constituency_MP2 = [[Dhaka-1]]
| parliament2 = Bangladesh
| term_start2 = 9 January 2014
| term_end2 = 29 January 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Abdul Mannan Khan]]
| successor2 = [[Salman F Rahman]]

| constituency_MP3 = Reserved Women's Seat-45
| parliament3 = Bangladesh
| term_start3 = 25 January 2009
| term_end3 = 24 January 2014
| successor3 = [[Mahjabeen Morshed]]

| party = [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1955|01|01|df=y}}
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| spouse = [[Nurul Islam Babul]]
| occupation = Chairman at [[Jamuna Group]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Salma Islam elected chairman of Jamuna Group, following husband's death |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/221567/salma-islam-elected-chairman-of-jamuna-group |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |date=1 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
'''Salma Islam''' (born 1 January 1955)<ref>{{cite web |title=Salma Islam, Women Seat-49 |url=https://www.parliament.gov.bd/member-profile/012034901/salma-islam |website=parliament.gov.bd |publisher=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250101171423/https://www.parliament.gov.bd/member-profile/012034901/salma-islam |access-date=1 January 2025|archive-date=1 January 2025 }}</ref> is a Bangladeshi businesswoman, politician, lawyer,<ref>{{cite news |title=Jatiya Party nominates Salma Islam, Nurunnahar for JS reserved women seats|url=https://www.bssnews.net/news/173797 |access-date=1 January 2025 |work=[[Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha]] |date=15 February 2024}}</ref> and a former [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member.<ref>{{Cite news |title=49 MPs in reserved seats for women elected uncontested|url=https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/49-mps-in-reserved-seats-for-women-elected-uncontested-1550328350|access-date=2021-02-07|work=The Financial Express|location=Dhaka|language=en}}</ref> She was an MP of Bangladesh [[Jatiya Sangsad]] representing the [[Dhaka-1]] constituency.<ref>{{cite news |title=Govt has taken steps to expand labour market, says minister |url=http://www.newagebd.net/article/43869/govt-has-taken-steps-to-expand-labour-market-says-minister |access-date=21 June 2018 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> She served as state minister of the Bangladesh government for [[Ministry of Women and Children Affairs]]. She is the Member of [[Presidium]] as well as current chair of Dhaka (district unit) of [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)]]. She has been made the new chairman of [[Jamuna Group]] after the death of her husband and the conglomerate's founder chairman [[Nurul Islam Babul]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-08-31|title=Salma Islam made new chairman of Jamuna Group|url=http://tbsnews.net/companies/salma-islam-new-chairman-jamuna-group-126541|access-date=2021-02-07|work=[[The Business Standard]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031233111/http://tbsnews.net/companies/salma-islam-new-chairman-jamuna-group-126541 |archive-date=31 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Islam served as the publisher and editor of ''[[Jugantor]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Jugantor editor, publisher summoned |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2011/12/28/jugantor-editor-publisher-summoned |access-date=21 June 2018 |work=bdnews24.com}}</ref> The all-party interim government headed by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. President Abdul Hamid administered the oath at the presidential palace. She was taking oath as a member of the constituents of the Awami League-led grand alliance. In December 2013, She, along with six others ministers and advisors of Jatiya Party resigned following the directive of the party chief.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Salma skips ministry's function|url=https://bdnews24.com/politics/2013/12/09/salma-skips-ministrys-function|access-date=2021-02-07|work=bdnews24.com}}</ref> She was elected to parliament from [[Dhaka-1]] constituency in 2014 as a Jatiya Party candidate.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh Election Result 2014 by Dhaka Tribune|work=election.dhakatribune.com|url=http://election.dhakatribune.com/members/view/392|access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref> In 2019, she was made the Jatiya Party's Dhaka district unit president.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-30|title=Salma Islam made Dhaka district JaPa president|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2019/11/30/salma-islam-made-dhaka-district-japa-president|access-date=2021-02-07|work=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{commons-inline}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Islam, Salma}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Jatiya Party (Ershad) politicians]]
[[Category:9th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:10th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi women journalists]]
[[Category:Women members of the Jatiya Sangsad]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi women politicians]]
[[Category:12th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi businesspeople]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi journalists]]
[[Category:People from Nawabganj Upazila, Dhaka]]
[[Category:Politicians from Dhaka Division]]

John Cloudsley-Thompson

2026-02-07T23:05:55Z

Lmao: fixed issues

{{Short description|British naturalist and soldier (1921–2013)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = John Cloudsley-Thompson
| image = File:John_Cloudsley-Thompson.jpg
| caption = In Sudan, 1964
|birth_name= John Leonard Thompson
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1921|5|23}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2013|10|4|1921|5|23}}
| birth_place = [[Murree]], [[Pakistan]] (formerly pre-partition India)
| years active = 1945–2013
| alma_mater = {{Unbulleted list | [[Marlborough College]] | [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]] ([[natural science]]s)}}
| occupation = [[Natural history|Naturalist]]
| title =
| spouse = Anne Cloudsley
| children = Three sons
| footnotes = [[DSc]] [[CBiol]] [[Society of Biology|FSB]] [[Royal Entomological Society|FRES]] [[Zoological Society of London|FZS]]
}}
'''John Leonard Cloudsley-Thompson''' [[DSc]] [[CBiol]] [[Society of Biology|FSB]] [[Royal Entomological Society|FRES]] [[Zoological Society of London|FZS]] (23 May 1921 – 4 October 2013) was a British [[naturalist]] renowned for his work on [[desert]] fauna. He was a tank commander during the [[Second World War]].<ref name=Guardian>{{cite web |title=John Cloudsley-Thompson obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/nov/03/john-cloudsley-thompson |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=5 November 2013 |author=Moss, Stephen |date=3 November 2012}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Thompson was born in [[Murree]], in pre-partition [[India]] (now [[Pakistan]]), where his father worked in public health. He returned to the UK to be educated at [[Marlborough College]] and then learn about [[natural science]]s at [[Pembroke College, Cambridge]].{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

===Second World War===
His time at Cambridge was interrupted by the outbreak of the [[Second World War]]. He volunteered for the army at a Reception Unit in [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]] in September 1939. After initially assisting his father (who by then was the [[Medical Officer of Health]] for [[Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]]) in setting up casualty clearing stations, he volunteered to join the [[Royal Tank Regiment]].{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

Before his call up in 1941, Thompson had joined the [[Local Defence Volunteers]] and then the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]]. He was sent to [[Sandhurst, Berkshire|Sandhurst]] for officer training, and was commissioned into the [[4th (Queen's Own) Hussars]]. After transferring to the [[4th County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters)|4th County of London Yeomanry]],<ref name=Joslen168>{{harvnb|Joslen|1990|p=168}}</ref> he sailed to join the [[7th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|7th Armoured Division]] (Desert Rats) in North Africa and took part in [[Operation Crusader]] in November 1941.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

Involved in much of the fighting across the Libyan desert, Thompson, now a Tank Commander, was severely wounded in May 1942, during the Allied defence of the ''Knightsbridge Box''. His [[Crusader tank|Crusader A15 Mark VI]] had been hit and disabled and Thompson was fortunate to escape his tank with a leg wound. The rest of his crew were all killed or taken prisoner. He was evacuated to a field hospital in [[Tobruk]], and from there to Cairo by train, where doctors operated to save his leg.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

Cloudsley-Thompson was then shipped to Britain to recuperate and became a tank gunnery instructor at Sandhurst. He also married Anne Cloudsley in 1944, and updated their surname to Cloudsley-Thompson. He rejoined his tank regiment in time for the [[Normandy Landings]]. He took part in the [[Battle of Villers-Bocage]] on 13 June 1944; his [[Cromwell tank]] was destroyed and he and his crew were lucky to scramble out alive. During July 1944, Thompson took part in [[Operation Goodwood]], the attempt to storm the [[Bourguébus Ridge]].<ref name=WW2E>{{cite web |title=Captain John Cloudsley-Thompson |url=http://www.war-experience.org/collections/land/alliedbrit/j-cloudsley-thompson/ |publisher=The Second World War Experience Centre |access-date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105190616/http://www.war-experience.org/collections/land/alliedbrit/j-cloudsley-thompson/|archive-date=5 November 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Naturalist===
After the war, Cloudsley-Thompson returned to Cambridge to complete his studies, gaining his [[Master of Arts|MA]] and PhD. He then became a lecturer in zoology at [[King's College London]]. However, he still harboured a close interest in the desert he had fought across. In 1960, he became professor of zoology at the [[University of Khartoum]], and keeper of the Sudan Natural History Museum.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

Following a short spell in 1969 as visiting professor at the [[University of Albuquerque]] in the deserts of New Mexico, he and Anne returned to London in 1972. He was appointed professor of zoology at [[Birkbeck College, University of London]], and remained with the university until he retired in 1986, when he was made emeritus professor.<ref name=Telegraph>{{cite web|title=Professor John Cloudsley-Thompson – obituary|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/10426105/Professor-John-Cloudsley-Thompson-obituary.html|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=5 November 2013|author=|date=4 November 2012}}</ref>

Cloudsley-Thompson was also a former chairman of the [[British Naturalists' Association]] between 1974 and 1983, and the recipient of the Association's highest honour for outstanding services to the understanding of natural history, the [[British Naturalists' Association#Peter Scott Memorial Award|Peter Scott Memorial Award]] in 1993.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

By the time of his death in October 2013, he had written over 50 books on desert fauna and the adaptations used by its wildlife such as spiders and scorpions.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

His wife Anne predeceased him in 2012.{{citation needed|date= September 2023}}

==Works==

Books written or co-authored by Cloudsley-Thompson include:

* ''Spiders, Scorpions, Centipedes and Mites: The Ecology and Natural History of Woodlice, 'Myriapods' and Arachnids'' (1958)
* ''Land Invertebrates:'' ''A Guide to British Worms, Molluscs, and Arthropods (Excluding Insects)'' (1961)
*''The water and temperature relations of woodlice'' (1977)
* ''Nightwatch: The Natural World from Dusk to Dawn'' (1984)
* ''Evolution and Adaptation of Terrestrial Arthropods'' (1988)
* ''Ecophysiology of Desert Arthropods and Reptiles'' (1991)
* ''Biotic Interactions in Arid Lands'' (1996)
* ''Ecology'' (1999)
* ''The Diversity of Amphibians and Reptiles: An Introduction'' (1999)
* ''Ecology and Behaviour of Mesozoic Reptiles'' (2005)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book
| last = Joslen | first = Lt-Col H.F.
| year = 1990
| orig-year = 1st. Pub. [[HMSO]]:1960
| title = Orders of Battle, Second World War, 1939–1945
| publisher = London Stamp Exchange
| location = London
| isbn = 0-948130-03-2
}}

==External links==
* [http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/80031261 Imperial War Museum Interview]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cloudsley-Thompson, John}}
[[Category:1921 births]]
[[Category:Academics of Birkbeck, University of London]]
[[Category:Academics of King's College London]]
[[Category:Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:People educated at Marlborough College]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:English autobiographers]]
[[Category:English conservationists]]
[[Category:English environmentalists]]
[[Category:English naturalists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Entomological Society]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Zoological Society of London]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Khartoum]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:3rd County of London Yeomanry (Sharpshooters) officers]]
[[Category:4th Queen's Own Hussars officers]]
[[Category:People from Murree]]
[[Category:British Home Guard soldiers]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]

Indian National Congress (U)

2026-01-29T00:55:47Z

Lmao:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2011}}
{{Infobox Indian Political Party
| party_name=Indian National Congress (U)
| party_logo =
| colorcode = {{Party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}
| founder = [[D. Devaraj Urs]]
| secretary = [[A. K. Antony]]
| rajyasabha_leader =
| foundation = July 1979
| split = [[Indian National Congress]]
| abbreviation = INC(U)
| successor = [[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
| eci = Dissolved Party<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Political Parties and Election Symbols main Notification Dated 18.01.2013|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/OrdersNotifications/ElecSym19012013_eng.pdf|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=9 May 2013|location=India|year=2013}}</ref>
| alliance =
| position =
| loksabha_seats =
| state_seats =
| rajyasabha_seats =
|
| states_govt_its_own =
| states_govt_with_coaliation =
| ideology =
|colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}}} [[Purple]]
| headquarters =
| publication =
| symbol =
| website =
}}

The '''Indian National Congress (U)''' was a breakaway faction of the [[Indira Gandhi]]-led [[Congress (I)]], formed in July 1979 by [[D. Devaraj Urs]], the then [[Chief Minister of Karnataka]]. Urs' explanation of the split was the return of Indira's son [[Sanjay Gandhi]] into the party fold.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} Urs took with him many legislators from [[Karnataka]], [[Kerala]], [[Maharashtra]] and [[Goa]] including future [[Union Minister]]s and [[Chief Minister]]s, [[Yashwantrao Chavan]], [[Dev Kant Baruah]], [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]], [[A.K. Antony]], [[Sharad Pawar]], [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]], [[Priyaranjan Das Munshi]] and [[K. P. Unnikrishnan]].

Subsequently, D. Devaraj Urs joined [[Janata Party]]; Yashwantrao Chavan, Brahmananda Reddy, and Chidambaram Subramaniam joined [[Congress (Indira)]]; and [[A. K. Antony]] split from Congress (U) to form [[Congress (A)]] in [[Kerala]]. When Sharad Pawar took over the party presidency in October 1981, the name of the party was changed to [[Indian Congress (Socialist)]].<ref>Andersen, Walter K.. ''India in 1981: Stronger Political Authority and Social Tension'', published in Asian Survey, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II (Feb., 1982), pp. 119-135</ref>

== Leaders ==
{{incomplete list|date=March 2019}}
* [[D. Devaraj Urs]]
* [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
* [[Jagjivan Ram]]
* [[Kasu Brahmananda Reddy]]
* [[Dev Kant Baruah]]
* [[Vasantdada Patil]]
* [[Sharad Pawar]]
* [[Swaran Singh]]
* [[Chidambaram Subramaniam]]
* [[Siddhartha Shankar Ray]]
* [[Moulvi Fakhrey Alam]]
* [[Sarat Chandra Sinha]]
* [[Vayalar Ravi]]
* [[Karan Singh]]
* [[Priyaranjan Das Munshi]]
* [[Ambika Soni]]
* [[Oommen Chandy]]
* [[P. C. Chacko]]
* [[K.P. Unnikrishnan]]
* [[P. J. Kurien]]
* [[A. C. Shanmughadas]]
* [[K. C. Pant]]
* Ramesh kumar
== See also ==
*[[Indian National Congress breakaway parties]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Indian National Congress (U)| ]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in India]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Political parties disestablished in 1981]]
[[Category:1981 disestablishments in India]]

{{india-party-stub}}

Karthik Venkataraman

2026-01-27T22:50:52Z

Lmao: Page refined with updated information

{{Short description|Indian chess grandmaster (born 1999)}}
{{Indian patronymic|Karthik|Venkataraman}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox chess player
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1999|12|22}}
| birth_place = [[Vellore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| title = [[Grandmaster (chess)|Grandmaster]] (2018)<ref name="FIDE">{{cite web|url=https://ratings.fide.com/crt/main227096.pdf|title=FIDE Title Application (GM)}}</ref>
| peakrating = 2609 (December 2023)
| FideID = 25006479
}}

'''Karthik Venkataraman''' (born 22 December 1999), is an Indian [[chess]] grandmaster. He is a two-time [[Indian Chess Championship|Indian Chess Champion]].

==Chess career==
Karthik began playing chess at the age of 7.<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=https://chessarticle.com/karthik-venkataraman/|title="Checkmate: A Journey to the Top with India's National Chess Champion, GM Karthik Venkataraman"|first=FM|last=Nikhil|publisher=chessarticle.com|date=2 February 2023}}</ref> He won the Indian National Championship 2022 after drawing against [[N. R. Visakh]] in the final round.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-03 |title=National Chess Championship: Karthik claims title as Abhijeet draws against Sayantan |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/chess/national-chess-championship-karthik-claims-title-as-abhijeet-draws-against-sayantan/article66333719.ece |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2023, Karthik won the [[Indian Chess Championship]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-05 |title=Karthik Venkataraman wins 59. Indian Championship |url=https://en.chessbase.com/post/karthik-venkataraman-wins-59-indian-championship |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=Chess News |language=en}}</ref>

Karthik competed in the [[Chess World Cup 2023]], where he defeated [[Gregory Kaidanov]] in the first round, but was defeated by [[Hikaru Nakamura]] in the second round.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIDE World Cup 2023: Preliminary lists of eligible players announced |url=https://www.fide.com/news/2430 |access-date=2023-07-29 |website=www.fide.com |language=en}}</ref>

In the 2024 Indian Chess Championship, he tied for first place along with [[Surya Shekhar Ganguly|S. S. Ganguly]] and Neelash Saha. He was declared the winner after tiebreaks.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=P. K. Ajith |date=2024-08-27 |title=Karthik clinches title after three-way tie |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/chess/article68572731.ece |access-date=2024-12-04 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He is studying for an MBA at [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology]] in Chennai.<ref name="bio"/>{{when|date=July 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-ach|ach}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Arjun Erigaisi]]
| after = [[P. Iniyan]]
| title = [[Indian Chess Championship|Indian Chess Champion]]
| years = 2023
}}
{{s-end}}
{{Indian grandmasters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Venkataraman, Karthik}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1999 births]]
[[Category:Chess Grandmasters]]
[[Category:People from Vellore]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian chess players]]

{{India-chess-bio-stub}}

School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

2026-01-22T15:58:08Z

Lmao: page edit

{{Short description|Architecture school in Vijayawada, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
| image_name = [[File:School_of_Planning_and_Architecture,_Vijayawada_Logo.png|200px]]
| type = [[Autonomous]]
| established = {{start date and age|2008|07|7|df=y}}
| academic_affiliation = [[Institute of National Importance ]]
| chairperson = Ar. (Dr.) Amogh Kumar Gupta
| director = Dr. Ramesh Srikonda
| students = 596
| faculty = 42 full-time
| campus = [[Suburban]], {{convert|2.66|acre|ha}} [[Urban area|Urban]], {{convert|9.66|acre|ha}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.spav.ac.in/campus.html |title=About SPA Vijayawada, India}}</ref>
| campus_size = {{Convert|7.2|acre}}
| city = [[Vijayawada]]
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| affiliations = [[National Association of Students of Architecture|NASA]]; NOSPlan
| nickname =
| colors = Earthen [[Yellow]] {{Color box|#FFCC33}} and [[White]] {{color box|#FCFCFC}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.spav.ac.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
The '''School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada''' ('''SPA Vijayawada''') is a [[higher education]] institute in [[Vijayawada]], [[India]], specializing in education and research in the field of [[urban planning]] and [[architecture]]. It is one of the three [[Schools of Planning and Architecture|School of Planning and Architecture (SPAs)]] established by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India]] (now [[Ministry of Education (India)|Ministry of Education]]) in 2008 as an autonomous institute and a fully Centrally Funded Technical Institution (CFTI). It forms part of the league along with the other two SPAs: [[School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal|SPA Bhopal]] and [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi|SPA Delhi]].

== History ==
The roots of the institute are with a report made by the Institute of Town Planners, India (ITPI), on the request of the [[Ministry of Education (India)]] regarding the establishment of more SPAs, in addition to the [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi|SPA Delhi]], established in 1959. Based on this report, the decision was made to establish two schools, in [[Bhopal]] and [[Vijayawada]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://itpi.org.in/content/achievements.aspx |title=Institute of Town Planners, India |work=itpi.org.in |accessdate=23 May 2012}}</ref> On 7 July 2008, SPA Vijayawada was established as an autonomous Centrally Funded Technical Institution (CFTI).<ref>{{cite web |url= http://mhrd.gov.in/autonomous_organisations%20?page=4 |title= Centrally Funded Technical Institution |work= mhrd.gov.in |accessdate= 10 Dec 2012 |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20120510122654/http://mhrd.gov.in/autonomous_organisations%20?page=4 |archivedate= 2012-05-10 }}</ref> In 2014, Lok Sabha passed a bill to make all the three SPAs "centre of excellence" on the pattern of IITs and IIMs, now it is a [[Institute of national importance]].

== Campus ==
Initially, the school was operated out of a temporary campus in [[Acharya Nagarjuna University]] in [[Guntur]] till 2011, before moving to its current campus. In 2011, the foundation stone of the Vijayawada campus was laid by [[Daggubati Purandeswari]], [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Minister of State for Human Resource Development]]. The present campus is located at [[Nidamanuru, Krishna district|Nidamanuru]], on [[National Highway 5 (India)|National Highway 5]], close to the [[Vijayawada Airport]] (12.4 km only).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spav.ac.in/contact|title=SPA Vijayawada address}}</ref> Expansion plans include building more hostels to accommodate the growing number of post graduate students, a state-of-the-art sports complex and residential quarters for [[PhD|doctoral students]].

The Government of Andhra Pradesh is in the process of allotting nearly 60 acres of land, spread over two locations in and around Vijayawada, for the development of the school. Of this, the first 7.2 acres was handed over on 22 February 2010. In January 2012, design for the new campus was adopted as part of an all-India competition and it is proposed to develop it as an eco-friendly campus with state-of-the-art facilities. The proposed campus will comprise academic, co-curricular and residential facilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/green-spa-building-design-wins-contract/article13386029.ece|title= Green SPA building design wins contract | date=29 January 2012 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=13 August 2018 }}</ref>

== Governance ==
The school is being run under the supervision and guidance of a board of governors. The board comprises members from [[Ministry of Education (India)]], [[Andhra Pradesh Government|Department of Higher Education, Andhra Pradesh Government]], two representatives of the [[Government of India]] from the fields of architecture and planning, representatives of the [https://www.itpi.org.in Institute of Town Planners India], [[Indian Institute of Architects]], [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]], [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi]] and [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://spav.ac.in/people/board-of-governors |title=Board of Governors' | School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada |work=spav.ac.in |accessdate=23 May 2012}}</ref>

== Academics ==
===Academic programmes ===
The Institute conducts educational programmes leading to the degree of Bachelor of Architecture (B. Arch.), Bachelor of Planning (B. Plan.) Master of Architecture (M. Arch.), Master of Planning (M. Plan) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.) in the following areas:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width:25%;"| '''Degree''' || '''Specialization'''
|-
| style="width:25%;"| [[Bachelor of Architecture]] ([[B.Arch]]) || Architectural design and Building construction.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://spav.ac.in/courses/undergraduate-programs|title=School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada – B.Arch}}</ref>
|-
| style="width:25%;"| [[Bachelor of Planning]] (B.Plan) || Settlement design, developmental economics, photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, rural development, utilities and services planning, project planning, operations research, real estate valuation, disaster management, transport planning, housing, infrastructure planning, land use zoning and environmental monitoring.
|-
| style="width:25%;"| [[Master of Architecture]] (M. Arch) || Sustainable Architecture.
|-
| style="width:25%;"| [[Master of Architecture]] (M. Arch) || Landscape Architecture.
|-

| style="width:25%;"| [[Master of Urban Planning|Master of Planning]] (M. Plan) || Environmental Planning and Management
|-
| Master of Planning (M. Plan) || Urban and Regional Planning
|-

| Master of Planning (M. Plan) || Transportation and Infrastructure Planning
|-
| style="width:25%;"| [[Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD.) || All Architecture and Planning disciplines, interdisciplinary areas, humanities and social sciences.
|}

===Admission===
Admissions to the under graduate programme is through the [[Joint Entrance Examination]] (JEE) conducted by the [[National Testing Agency|National Testing Agency, India]]. Foreign nationals, non-resident Indians (NRIs) and persons of Indian origin (PIOs) candidates are eligible to apply and should have qualifications from the foreign boards/universities recognized as equivalent by the [[Association of Indian Universities]] (AIU) to be shortlisted for further evaluations.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.spav.ac.in/sites/default/files/Special%20Category%20Admissions%20SPAV%202012%20details_0.pdf |title=School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada – Admission NRI}}</ref>

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
|type=Institute
|NIRF_A_2024=16}}

In 2024, SPA Vijayawada was ranked 16th in architecture by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF).<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/nirfpdfcdn/2024/pdf/Report/IR2024_Report.pdf}}</ref>

==Student life==
The present campus started with two hostels. As the intake has gradually increased, today the school has four hostels. For the first three-year students, a separate hostel has been set up that can house almost 200 — future proof for the substantial increase in intake planned. In addition to these, school has a special quarters which houses visiting students and guest faculties. Two hostels are dedicated for final-year students with over special accommodation.

Dedicated mess facilities and round-the-clock canteen facilities are available between the hostels. The common rooms at the hostels have a 20" LCD TV with satellite cable, in addition to the facilities for playing indoor games. It is the scene of action for get-togethers, parties and informal discussions.

==See also==
* [[School of Planning and Architecture]]
* [[School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi]]
* [[Ministry of Human Resource Development (India)|Ministry of Human Resource Development]]
* [[Vijayawada]]
* [[T-Square]]
* [[Pencil]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.spav.ac.in SPA Vijayawada]

{{Universities and colleges in Andhra Pradesh}}
{{Schools of Planning and Architecture}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Vijayawada]]
[[Category:School of Planning and Architecture]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Sanjay Gupta (Uttarakhand politician)

2026-01-22T10:41:20Z

Lmao:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2017}}
'''Sanjay Gupta''' is an Indian politician and member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. Gupta was a member of the [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Laksar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)|Laksar constituency]] in [[Haridwar district]] from 2012-2022.<ref>[http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/uttarakhand/mla-gupta-faces-dissent-in-bjp-anti-incumbency/350112.html MLA Gupta faces dissent in BJP, anti-incumbency]</ref><ref>[http://myneta.info/utk07/candidate.php?candidate_id=67 My Neta]</ref> He won the [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Elections]] and [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Elections]] elections from [[Laksar Assembly constituency]]. He was defeated by [[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]] politician Muhammad Shahzad for the Laksar seat in the [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly Elections]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Sanjay}}
[[Category:People from Haridwar district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]

{{Uttarakhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Getit

2026-01-21T02:41:56Z

Lmao: starting some article initial version

{{Short description|Media company}}
{{orphan|date=April 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Getit Infoservices Private Limited
| logo = Askmelogo.jpg
| logocaption =
| screenshot =
| collapsible = Yes
| collapsetext = Screenshot
| caption =
| url = {{URL|http://www.askmegrocery.com/}} {{URL|http://www.askmepay.com/}} {{URL|http://www.askme.com/}}
| commercial = Yes
| company_type = Private
| industry = internet
| services = Online shopping, Online Grocery, mobile payments, Local search engine
| website_type = [[E-commerce]], [[E-Wallet]], [[Grocery]], [[Local search (Internet)|Local search]]
| subsid = Getit Stores, Getit Grocery, Getit E-wallet, Mebelkart
| num_employees = 3000 plus
| area_served = India
| owner =
| current_status = Defunct
}}
'''Getit''' is a directional media company based in [[India]]. Its services included e-wallet, e-commerce, [[Grocers Supply|grocery]] delivery, local search, yellow pages, white pages directories, classified media, and tele-information services. The company operated in 56 cities across India and provided services through print, voice, online, and mobile platforms.<ref name="o441">{{cite web | title=Getit launches new directory edition | website=The Times of India | date=2003-06-03 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/getit-launches-new-directory-edition/articleshow/2595.cms | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref><ref name="p946">{{cite web | title=CM releases GETIT telephone directory | website=The Times of India | date=2000-12-30 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/cm-releases-getit-telephone-directory/articleshow/1285081368.cms | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref><ref name="p623">{{cite web | title=Getit Infomedia plans foray into overseas markets | website=The Economic Times | date=2013-06-26 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/getit-infomedia-plans-foray-into-overseas-markets/articleshow/20781813.cms | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

The company became involved in [[Law|legal]] proceedings before the National Company Law Tribunal concerning disputes among shareholders, including Sanjeev Gupta (former Managing Director) and Astro Entertainment Network Ltd. The cases involve matters related to shareholder disagreements and financial settlements.<ref name="et">{{cite news|title=Getit eyes Rs 500 crore turnover by 2015; to expand across India |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/news/30286279_1_private-equity-public-offer-south-india |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085226/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/news/30286279_1_private-equity-public-offer-south-india |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=16 October 2011}}</ref><ref name="i016">{{cite web | last1=Jayasimha | first1=Shreyas | last2=Naganand | first2=Kamala | title=Dispute Resolution and M&A and Criminalisation of Civil Disputes | website=Lexology | date=2021-09-27 | url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7059e8c2-9861-4f93-b882-9248e7a1f0e0 | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref><ref name="d435">{{cite web | last=Ganguly | first=Payal | title=GETIT Infoservices seeks to buyout stake of Astro Holdings | website=The Economic Times | date=2016-06-16 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/getit-infoservices-seeks-to-buyout-stake-of-astro-holdings/articleshow/52777341.cms | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

==History==
Getit Infoservices Private Ltd., formerly known as Getit Infomediary Ltd. /M&N Publications Ltd., introduced [[Yellow Pages]] in [[India]] under the brand name Getit Yellow Pages.

In December 2000, Getit released its telephone directory in Bangalore, which was scheduled to be distributed to all subscribers at telephone exchanges and customer service centres in January 2001.<ref name="p946"/>

By June 2003, Getit had launched the Getit Yellow Pages 2003 edition for consumer and household services, as well as industrial and commercial services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Getit launches new directory edition |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/news/30286279_1_private-equity-public-offer-south-india |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103085226/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-10-16/news/30286279_1_private-equity-public-offer-south-india |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 | work=The Times Of India | date=2011-10-16}}</ref>

In February 2013, local search and classifieds platform Getit appointed Jaspreet Bindra, a former Microsoft executive, as its new chief executive officer.<ref name="t929">{{cite web | last=K | first=Sainul | title=Local search platform Getit ropes in former Microsoft top exec Jaspreet Bindra as CEO | website=Techcircle | date=2013-02-13 | url=https://www.techcircle.in/2013/02/13/local-search-platform-getit-ropes-in-former-microsoft-top-exec-as-ceo | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

In 2013 Astro's Getit buys Infomedia YellowPages and AskMe from the Network18 group and launched Getit Bazaar, its online marketplace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astro's Getit buys Infomedia Yellow Pages & AskMe - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-others-news/astros-getit-buys-infomedia-yellow-pages-askme-49983.html |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |date=28 February 2013 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="p623">{{cite web | title=Getit Infomedia plans foray into overseas markets | website=The Economic Times | date=2013-06-26 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/getit-infomedia-plans-foray-into-overseas-markets/articleshow/20781813.cms | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

In 2016, Getit Infoservices Private Ltd [[Struggle|struggled]] to pay [[employee]] [[Salary|salaries]] and dues to [[Vendor|vendors]]. The financial strain arose amid disputes between the management and [[majority]] [[Stakeholder (corporate)|stakeholder]] Astro Entertainment Network Ltd., which accused Getit of excessive spending on brand marketing without sufficient returns. According to reports, Getit's management claimed that increased expenditures were approved by Astro to boost company valuation and that funding was expected to continue through early 2016.<ref name="y871">{{cite web | title=Profile: AskMe's Sanjiv Gupta earlier helmed bankrupt ABCL | website=Moneycontrol | date=2016-10-04 | url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/profile-askmes-sanjiv-gupta-earlier-helmed-bankrupt-abcl-959705.html | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

Later Astro announced to exit the Indian market by selling its stake in Getit and threatened shutdown if key issues were not resolved. This prompted legal intervention, with the National Company Law Tribunal stepping in to issue a stay on the closure of Getit's operations, and company's unresolved financial liabilities.<ref name="t502">{{cite web | last=Anand | first=Shambhavi | title=NCLT stops Getit from shutting AskMe Bazaar, AskMe Grocery and Mebelkart | website=ETRetail.com | date=2016-08-30 | url=https://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/e-commerce/e-tailing/nclt-stops-getit-from-shutting-askme-bazaar-askme-grocery-and-mebelkart/53928172 | access-date=2025-10-30}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Getit}}
[[Category:Online retailers of India]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of India]]
[[Category:Yellow pages]]

N. Vittal

2026-01-19T18:22:51Z

Lmao:

{{Short description|Indian civil servant (1938–2023)}}
{{like resume|date=June 2021}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}

'''Nagarajan Vittal''' (31 January 1938 – 4 August 2023) was an Indian civil servant majorly known for his work as [[Central Vigilance Commission|central vigilance commission]]er in the [[Government of India]]. He worked at positions at the state and central government level, primarily in the fields of industrial administration, science and technology, and security, as well as posts within [[Public Private Partnership in India|public-private sector joint enterprises]]. He was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]], India's third highest civilian award, in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Press Information Bureau - Government of India|date=25 January 2012|access-date=28 December 2016|title=Padma awards announced|url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=79881}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/Old-ideas-in-bold-letters/article12550177.ece|title = Old ideas in bold letters|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 8 October 2012|last1 = Subramanian|first1 = K.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/n-vittal-writes-book-for-managment-students-106042701063_1.html|title = N Vittal writes book for {{sic|nolink=y|reason=error in source|managment}} students|newspaper = Business Standard India|date = 27 April 2006}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
A [[Thanjavur Marathi people|Maharashtrian]] [[Deshastha|Deshastha Madhwa Brahmin]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Three surveyors who contributed to our knowledge of India|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/Three-surveyors-who-contributed-to-our-knowledge-of-India/article16896164.ece1|work=The Hindu|access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> Vittal was born in [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital of [[Kerala]]. He did his education from [[Tiruchirapalli]] and Madras (now [[Chennai]]), graduated with a BSc (Hons.) in Chemistry from [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] in 1958. After a short time as a lecturer in [[Jamal Mohamed College]], Tiruchirapalli, he joined the [[Indian Administrative Service]] on 16 May 1960, with Gujarat Cadre.

== Career ==
Vittal was part of the [[Indian Administrative Service]]'s 1960 intake.<ref name="isical">{{cite web|title=Profile of Shri N. Vital |url=http://www.isical.ac.in/~iwdc2004/vittal.pdf |website=isical.ac.in |access-date=28 December 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413180035/http://www.isical.ac.in/~iwdc2004/vittal.pdf |archive-date=13 April 2013 }}</ref> He worked as development commissioner, tasked with reviving the [[Kandla#Economy|Port of Kandla Special Economic Zone]] for the Indian government's Department of Commerce. He worked as Industries commissioner for the Gujarat state government, in which he was responsible for Gujarat reaching full coverage with District Industries Centres;{{clarify|date=December 2016}} setting up the single window service for the industry promotion bureau (IndexTB), later adopted by other states; and setting up the Entrepreneurship Development Centre. He later worked as Food and Civil Supplies secretary, setting up the Gujarat State Civil Supplies Corporation; chairman of the Gujarat State Civil Supplies Corporation; and Health and Family Welfare secretary. He then worked as managing director of [[Gujarat Narmada Valley Fertilisers]] Company (GNFC), before returning to the Gujarat state government to serve as [[Additional Chief Secretary (India)|additional chief secretary]], where he initiated proposals for setting up the Gujarat Police Housing Corporation.

From there he switched to positions working for the [[Government of India]], as additional secretary at the [[Department of Atomic Energy]], then secretary at the Department of Electronics, where he initiated policies for boosting software, setting up software technology parks and [[special economic zones]], and strategic cooperation with industry, including [[Foreign Direct Investment]] (FDI) from IBM, Motorola, and others.<ref name="isical"/> He then became chair of the Telecoms Commission, where he worked on liberalisation of the telecom sector and was involved in the National Telecom Policy of 1994,<ref name="isical"/> and secretary at the [[Department of Telecommunications]]. He followed this with a stint as chair of the Public Enterprises Selection Board, heading the Committee on Guidelines for the Public Sector (1997), under the auspices of the Ministry of Industry, Department of Public Enterprises, which removed 696 regulations hampering the autonomy of PSEs. His final post was [[Central Vigilance Commission|central vigilance commission]]er.

Over the course of his career he worked as a leader for number of committees, expert groups and task forces, including:
* Expert Group on IT in Government, Department of Personnel, Government of India.
* Task Force on Technology Exports, [[Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (India)|Department of Scientific and Industrial Research]], Government of India.
* Task Force on Telecom and Information Technology, [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry]]
* Expert Committee on Tamil Nadu Institute of Information Technology, Government of Tamil Nadu.

Vittal was also the part of 1989 Fall Senior Executives Programme at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT) in the United States.

== Personal life ==
Vittal was married and had a son and a daughter.

Vittal was actively interested in management and cultural activities and had membership in the following social, cultural, and professional associations:
* President (1994–1997) Loyola Alumni Association (North India Chapter), New Delhi
* President (1991–1997) Shri Shanmukhananda Sangeetha Sabha, New Delhi
* Member (1991–1998) Board of Governors, Academy of Human Resource Development, Ahmedabad

Vittal died on 4 August 2023, at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite news |title=N Vittal, architect of India's IT sector, no more |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/architect-of-indias-it-sector-n-vittal-passes-away/article67158273.ece |access-date=6 August 2023 |publisher=The Hindu Business Line |date=4 August 2023}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
Vittal received the Padma Bhushan in 2012. Among other honours, he received the following:
* Honorary Fellow, Computer Society of India (1992)
* Honorary Fellow of the IETE<ref name="isical"/>
* Citation of gratitude from Electronic Component Industry Association (ELCINA), New Delhi
* Dataquest IT Man of the Year 1993
* Honorary Fellow, Asia Electronics Union (1995)
* Honorary Fellow, Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers (1997)
* The hidden talent of India award by the Organisation for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement (OISCA) International, a UN Status Category I NGO
* The Great Son of the Soil Award 1998 by All India Conference of Intellectuals
* For the Sake of Honour, Rotary's highest Award (April 1999)
* Honorary Member, Indian Institute of Industrial Engineering (December 1999)
* Honour of "Desa Seva Ratnam", conferred by Jagadguru Sri Sankaracharya of Kanchi Kamakoti Peetam (April 2001)
* H H Sri Paramacharya Man of the Year Award (2000), awarded by the Centenarian Trust, Chennai. (April 2001)
* V Krishnamurthy Award For Excellence (June 2001) – by the Centre for Organisation Development, Hyderabad
* Giants International Award for public administration (September 2001)
* Great Maratha Award for Lifetime achievement by The Maharashtra Association, Chennai (2005)
* Tamil Nadu Governor Late Dr M Chenna Reddy Award (March 2002) for outstanding service by Federation of Doctors, Hospitals & Health Care Industry (FEDDHI)
* Included in the list of "Fifty men and women who shaped the economy" in the fifty years after India’s independence by the Business Today magazine (August 1997)<ref name="isical"/>

== Books and publications ==
Vittal wrote more than 400 articles on various subjects relating to management, public relations, human resources development, management of technology, and public sector management in many journals and magazines. These include ''[[Economic and Political Weekly]]'', ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'', ''[[Business India]]'', and the Journals of the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|IIMA]], LBS National Academy of Administration, HCPS, RIPA, and [[Indian Institute of Foreign Trade|IIFT]]. He was a regular columnist for ''[[The Economic Times]]'' and the Web magazine "Rediff on the Net."<ref name="isical"/>

His bibliography includes:

*India Incorporated: Reflections on the Indian Electronics Industry (1994)<ref name="isical"/>
*The Vicious Cycle of Vittal's Law (1994)<ref name="isical"/>
*The Red Tape Guerrilla (1995)<ref name="isical"/>
*Fighting Corruption and Restructuring Government (2000)<ref name="isical"/>
*Public Sector Management & Governance (2001) – with S. Mahalingam
*Information Technology: India's Tomorrow (2001)<ref name="isical"/>
*Ideas for Action (2002)
*Vittal’s Vital Management Mantra (2004)
*Maharastrians in Tamil Nadu (2004)
*Musings on Governance, Governing and Corruption (2004)
*Technology and a Vision for the future (2004)
*More musings on Governance, Governing and Corruption (2005)
*Roots of Effective Governance (2007)
*Corruption in India: The Road block for national prosperity (2002)
*Roots of effective governance (2007)

Vittal also edited ''Export Processing Zones in Asia: Some Dimensions'', published by the Asian Productivity Organization in 1977.<ref name="isical"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2010–19}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vittal, N.}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in civil service]]
[[Category:Indian Administrative Service officers]]
[[Category:Writers from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Indian technology writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian non-fiction writers]]

Vichu Vishwanath

2026-01-17T15:58:02Z

Lmao: put up first info w/ infobox!

{{short description|Indian film and television actor (born 1960)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vichu Vishwanath
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Vishwanath
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|5|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Coimbatore]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[actor]]
| yearsactive = 1990–present
| spouse = Hemalatha
| children = 1
}}

'''Vichu Vishwanath''' is an Indian actor who has appeared in [[Tamil language]] films and serials. He has worked in comedy and supporting roles, often associating with director [[Sundar C]].<ref name="ind">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D5KjUYFTQIU|title=Actor Vichu (Viswanathan) in Manam Thirumbuthe (27/06/2015)|last=PuthuYugamTV|date=29 June 2015|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref>

== Career ==
Vichu Vishwanath was born in [[Coimbatore]], [[India]] and attended RK Sreerangammal Kalvi Nilayam Higher Secondary School in the city. Vichu is married to Hemalatha, and has a daughter, Kokila.<ref name="ind"/> He made his acting debut in the film, ''[[Sandhana Kaatru]]'' (1990) and portrayed a villainous character alongside [[R. Sarathkumar|Sarathkumar]] and [[Vijay Krishnaraj]]. During the making of the film, he became acquainted with [[Sundar C]], who was an assistant director in the film. He then made his first collaboration with director Sundar C in ''[[Murai Maman]]'' (1996), while also beginning an association with actress [[Radhika Sarathkumar|Radhika]] and her production studio.<ref name="ind"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.filmytamil.com/news-vishal-hansika-film-shoot-in-kumbakonam-28207.htm|title=Vishal - Hansika film shoot in Kumbakonam|publisher=}}</ref>

In 2017, he moved on to work on Sundar C's television studio, ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/vichu-viswanaath-on-his-birthday-plans-and-his-projects.html|title=Vichu Viswanaath on his birthday plans and his projects|date=16 May 2017|publisher=}}</ref>

== Notable filmography ==
;Films
{{colbegin}}
* ''[[Sandhana Kaatru]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Thai Maaman]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Mettupatti Mirasu]]'' (1994)
* ''[[Murai Mappillai]]'' (1995)
* ''[[Ullathai Allitha]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Mettukudi]]'' (1996)
* ''[[Nesam]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Thedinen Vanthathu]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Arunachalam (film)|Arunachalam]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Sishya (film)|Sishya]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Ganga Gowri (1997 film)|Ganga Gowri]]'' (1997)
* ''[[Moovendhar]]'' (1998)
* ''[[Suyamvaram]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Unakkaga Ellam Unakkaga]]'' (1999)
* ''[[Rishi (2001 film)|Rishi]]'' (2001)
* ''[[Game (2002 film)|Game]]'' (2002)
* ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'' (2003)
* ''[[Winner (2003 film)|Winner]]'' (2003)
* ''[[London (2005 Indian film)|London]]'' (2005)
* ''[[Thalainagaram]]'' (2006)
* ''[[Veerappu]]'' (2007)
* ''[[Sandai]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Aayudham Seivom]]'' (2008)
* ''[[Guru Sishyan (2010 film)|Guru Sishyan]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Nagaram Marupakkam]]'' (2010)
* ''[[Mappillai (2011 film)|Mappillai]]'' (2011)
* ''[[Kalakalappu]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Murattu Kaalai (2012 film)|Murattu Kaalai]]'' (2012)
* ''[[Theeya Velai Seiyyanum Kumaru]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Alex Pandian]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Kaadu (2014 film)|Kaadu]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Aranmanai]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Aadama Jaichomada]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Aambala]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Thiruttu VCD]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Aranmanai 2]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Hello Naan Pei Pesuren]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Muthina Kathirika]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Kannula Kaasa Kattappa]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Kalakalappu 2]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Mannar Vagaiyara]]'' (2018)
* ''[[Vantha Rajavathaan Varuven]]'' (2019)
* ''[[Naan Sirithal]]'' (2020)
* ''[[Naanga Romba Busy]]'' (2020)
*''[[Aranmanai 3]]'' (2021)
*''[[Coffee with Kadhal]]'' (2022)
*''[[Aranmanai 4]]'' (2024)
*''[[Madha Gaja Raja]]'' (2025)
*''[[Gangers (film)|Gangers]]'' (2025) as a School Headmaster
{{colend}}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Year!! Title !! Role
!Language!! Network
|-
|1997–1998 || ''[[Marmadesam|Marmadesam Vidathu Karuppu]]'' || Veera Baghu
|Tamil
| rowspan="5" | [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|1999–2000|| ''Galatta Sirippu'' || Seetharaman
|Tamil
|-
|2005–2006|| ''Selvi'' || Vichu|| Tamil
|-
|2007–2008|| ''Arasi'' || Vichu ||Tamil
|-
|2009–2012 || ''[[Chellamay]]'' || Solaimalai
|Tamil
|-
|2009 || ''[[Naanal (TV series)|Naanal]]'' ||
|Tamil|| [[Kalaignar TV]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017–2018 || rowspan="2" | ''[[Nandini (TV series)|Nandini]]'' || rowspan="2" | Vichu
|Tamil||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|-
|Kannada
|[[Udaya TV]]
|-
|2020 || ''[[Lakshmi Stores]]'' || Varadarajan
|Tamil|| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
|}

===Web series===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Platform
|-
| 2025-present|| ''[[Nadu Center]]'' || SPI school's PE teacher || [[JioHotstar]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|6835491}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vishwanath, Vichu}}
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Tamil comedians]]
[[Category:1960 births]]

Kumbharwada Assembly constituency

2026-01-06T00:17:20Z

Lmao: started entry

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kumbharwada
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1957
| abolished = 1972<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title=Archive Delimitation Orders |access-date=25 December 2024|publisher=Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>
| electors = 78,457
| mla = Bukhari Z. Burhanuddin
| party = {{Party index link|Independent politician}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}

'''Kumbharwada Assembly constituency '''was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1957]] || rowspan=3 | Bhanushankar Manchharam Yagnik || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Bukhari Z. Burhanuddin || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kumbharwada<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bukhari Z. Burhanuddin |party=Independent politician |votes = 18,145 |percentage = 37.03% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chagla Shaukat Currimbhoy |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 16,058 |percentage = 32.77% |change={{decrease}}11.39 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shah Chhotalal Nanchand |party=Indian National Congress (Organisation) |votes = 10,152 |percentage = 20.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sharad Rao |party=Samyukta Socialist Party |votes = 3,543 |percentage = 7.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,087 |percentage = 4.26% |change= {{decrease}}10.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 49,006 |percentage = 61.64% |change= {{decrease}}3.57 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 78,457 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}4.11 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}7.13 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kumbharwada<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhanushankar Manchharam Yagnik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,859 |percentage = 44.16% |change={{decrease}}8.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=J. S. Mahimkar |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 15,618 |percentage = 28.91% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. G. Gupta |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 8,663 |percentage = 16.03% |change={{increase}}11.92 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. A. Dhorajiwala |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,072 |percentage = 1.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=V. Parekh |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 1,072 |percentage = 1.98% |change={{decrease}}31.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=M. P. Kalandan |party=Swatantra Party |votes = 959 |percentage = 1.78% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=C. N. Patel |party=Independent politician |votes = 651 |percentage = 1.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 8,241 |percentage = 15.25% |change= {{decrease}}3.99 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 54,028 |percentage = 63.64% |change= {{increase}}5.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 81,816 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}2.68 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}8.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kumbharwada<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhanushankar Manchharam Yagnik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,545 |percentage = 52.58% |change={{decrease}}14.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shantilal Girdharlal Patel |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 16,833 |percentage = 33.35% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Amathalal Virchan Panchal |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,633 |percentage = 5.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Surajbhan Ramcharanlal Garg |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 2,077 |percentage = 4.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 9,712 |percentage = 19.24% |change= {{decrease}}19.31 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 50,481 |percentage = 57.20% |change= {{decrease}}2.30 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 84,070 |ref = |change= {{increase}}13.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.47 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Kumbharwada<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Bhanushankar Manchharam Yagnik |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 30,881 |percentage = 67.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pupala Parshuram Shankar |party=Independent politician |votes = 13,128 |percentage = 28.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vaidya Madhukar Wamanrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,048 |percentage = 4.45% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 17,753 |percentage = 38.55% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 46,057 |percentage = 62.35% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 73,872 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]

{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Nitish Naik

2025-12-30T11:46:35Z

Lmao:

{{short description|Indian cardiologist}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nitish Naik
| image = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Dr. Nitish Naik, at an Investiture Ceremony-II, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on April 26, 2014.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Indian cardiologist
| yearsactive =
| spouse =
| domesticpartner =
| children =
| parents =
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}'''Nitish Naik''' is an Indian [[cardiologist]], known for his expertise in [[cardiovascular disease]]s, and is an additional professor at the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]].<ref name="AIIMS">{{cite web | url=http://www.aiims.edu/aiims/departments/spcenter/ctvsdepart/ctvs_intro.htm | title=AIIMS | publisher=AIIMS | date=2014 | access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref><ref name="CTRI">{{cite web | url=http://www.ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pmaindet2.php?trialid=5443 | title=CTRI | publisher=CTRI | date=2014 | access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref> He was honoured by the [[Government of India]], in 2014, by bestowing on him the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for his contributions to the field of medicine.<ref name="Padma">{{cite web |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |title=Padma Awards Announced |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |work=Circular |date=January 25, 2014 |access-date=August 23, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222101141/http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |archive-date=February 22, 2014 }}</ref> He is reported to have treated [[Manmohan Singh]],<ref name="Manmohan Singh">{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/PM-recovering-well-taken-off-ventilator-Doctor/articleshow/4026161.cms | title=Manmohan Singh | publisher=Manmohan Singh | date=25 January 2009 | access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref> [[Sonia Gandhi]]<ref name="Sonia Gandhi">{{cite web | url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=1&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=27-08-2013&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar00107&publabel=TOI | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006133933/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=1&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=27-08-2013&pubname=&edname=&articleid=Ar00107&publabel=TOI | url-status=dead | archive-date=October 6, 2014 | title=Sonia Gandhi | publisher=TOI | date=27 August 2013 | access-date=October 1, 2014}}</ref>
{{Portal|India}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=50em}}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Medicine}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Naik, Nitish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in medicine]]
[[Category:Indian cardiologists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Hinduism in Sikkim

2025-12-26T04:05:34Z

Lmao: started a details

Hinduism is the dominant religion in the Indian state of [[Sikkim]], followed by around 58% of its population.<ref name=census2011>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim Hindu Muslim Population |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/religion/state/11-sikkim.html#:~:text=Hinduism%20constitutes%2057.76%25%20of%20Sikkim,be%20updated%20in%20few%20weeks. |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref> Its followed mostly by the [[Indian Gorkha]] ethnic people<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-03 |title=Sikkim {{!}} History, Map, Capital, & Population {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sikkim |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> and [[Limbu people|Limboo]] people.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-21 |title=Open Government Data (OGD) Platform India |url=https://data.gov.in/ |access-date=2024-06-15 |website=data.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> The [[Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple]] is a major Hindu pilgrimage centre in Sikkim.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Cultural%20Festivals/Religious%20Places.aspx | title = Some of the Religious Places of Sikkim | access-date = 2021-04-24 | work = Cultural Affairs & Heritage Department | publisher = Government of Sikkim | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426051856/http://www.sikkim-culture.gov.in/Cultural%20Festivals/Religious%20Places.aspx | archive-date = 2012-04-26 }}</ref> In Hindu religious texts, Sikkim is known as Indrakil, the garden of [[Indra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ADBU Location |url=https://www.dbuniversity.ac.in/location/sikkim.html |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.dbuniversity.ac.in}}</ref>

[[File:Legship_shiva_temple.jpg|thumb|[[Kirateshwar Mahadev Temple]] in [[Legship]] is a major Hindu temple in Sikkim]]

==Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:auto;"
|- style="text-align: center;"
! Religious group
! Population % '''1991'''<ref name=census1991b>{{cite web|url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/5542/1/35768_1981_SDP.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiSt6DEw4T2AhUQHLkGHTLgDZQQFnoECAYQAQ&usg=AOvVaw38TK18XpRaSlx-OaUPKQjY|title=Cesus of India -Religion Composition – 1981|accessdate=10 February 2022}}</ref>
! Population % '''2001'''<ref name=census2001tru>{{cite web|title=Census of India – Religious Composition – 2001|publisher=Government of India, Ministry of Home Affairs|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census_data_2001/census_data_finder/c_series/population_by_religious_communities.htm|access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref>
! Population % '''2011'''<ref name="census2011"/>
|-
! style="background:DarkOrange;"| Hinduism
| 68.36% || 60.93% || 57.76%
|-
! style="background:Gold;"| Buddhism
| 27.15% || 28.11% || 27.39%
|-
! style="background:DodgerBlue;"| Christianity
| 3.29% || 6.67% || 9.91%
|-
! style="background:Green; color:white;"| Islam
| 0.94% || 1.42% || 1.62%
|-
! style="background:darkKhaki; color:white;"| Sikhism
| 0.09% || 0.21% || 0.31%
|-
! style="background:brown; color:white;"| Jainism
| 0.001% || 0.03% || 0.05%
|-
! style="background:Chartreuse;"| Other religions
| 0.04% || 2.38% || 2.67%
|-
! style="background:Black; color:white;"| No religion
| – || – || 0.3%
|}

=== Hindu population by district{{Efn|The two subdivisions of the West Sikkim district- Gyalshing and Soreng were upgraded to districts in 2021}} ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!District<ref name="census2011"/>
!Percent
|-
|[[Gangtok district|East Sikkim]]
|62.74%
|-
|[[Namchi district|South Sikkim]]
|57.6%
|-
|[[Gyalshing district]]
|60.07%
|-
|[[Soreng district]]
|49.77%
|-
|[[Mangan district|North Sikkim]]
|34.05%
|}

==See also==

* [[Hinduism in Arunachal Pradesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Hinduism in India by region}}

{{reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

[[Category:Hinduism in India|Sikkim]]

M. A. Jabbar

2025-12-16T16:23:11Z

Lmao: fix page and fixed typos

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician (1932–2020)}}
{{similar names|Abdul Jabbar (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M. A. Jabbar
| native_name = এম এ জব্বার
| native_name_lang = bn
| constituency_MP = [[Pirojpur-4]]
| predecessor = ''Position created''
| successor = [[Manirul Islam (Bangladeshi politician)|Manirul Islam]]
| constituency_MP1 = [[Pirojpur-3]]
| termstart = 7 May 1986
| termend = 15 April 1988
| termstart1 = 15 April 1988
| termend1 = 6 December 1990
| predecessor1 = [[Anwar Hossain Manju]]
| successor1 = [[Mohiuddin Ahmed (politician, born 1925)|Mohiuddin Ahmed]]
| termstart2 = 19 March 1996
| termend2 = 30 March 1996
| successor2 = [[Rustum Ali Faraji]]
| party = [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1932|11|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pirojpur District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|2020|08|18|1932|11|30|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Florida]], United States
}}
'''M. A. Jabbar''' (30 November 1932 – 18 August 2020)<ref name=reading>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/online/jabbars-war-trial-court-reading-summary-verdict-3688|title=Jabbar gets jail until death|date=2015-02-24|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|script-title=bn:দণ্ডিত যুদ্ধাপরাধী জাপা নেতা জব্বার মারা গেছেন|url=https://www.somoynews.tv/pages/details/230515|access-date=2020-08-19|work=Somoy News|language=bn}}</ref> was a [[Jatiya Party (Ershad)|Jatiya Party]] politician and a [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member representing the [[Pirojpur-3]] and [[Pirojpur-4]] constituencies.<ref name=1988results/>

In February 2015, Jabbar was sentenced to jail until death on the conviction of four charges of crimes against humanity and genocide committed during Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.<ref name=reading/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/jail-until-death-3855|title=JAIL until death|date=2015-02-25|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>

==Early life and career==
Jabbar earned his bachelor's in engineering degree and joined the politics of [[Muslim League (Pakistan)|Muslim League]].<ref name=reading/> He was elected an MPA in 1964.<ref name=reading/> He was elected to the parliament from Pirojpur-4 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1986. Jabbar was elected to the parliament from Pirojpur-3 as a Jatiya Party candidate in 1988.<ref name="1988results">{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/4th.pdf |title=List of 4th Parliament Members|website=Bangladesh Parliament |language=bn |access-date=4 November 2019}}</ref>

===War crimes and convictions===
According to the [[International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh)|International Crimes Tribunal]] prosecution, while Jabbar was serving as the chairman of Mathbaria Peace Committee, he played a key role in the formation of the [[Razakar]] force and led it to commit war crimes.<ref name=issue>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arrest-warrant-issued-against-ex-mp-jabbar-23877|title=Arrest warrant issued against ex-MP Jabbar|date=2014-05-13|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref> They brought five charges against him for killing, mass killing, looting and forced conversions in [[Pirojpur]] in 1971:<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2014/09/07/witness-jabbar-targeted-hindus-in-pirojpur|title=Witness: Jabbar targeted Hindus in Pirojpur|date=2014-09-07|work=Dhaka Tribune|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115214231/https://www.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2014/09/07/witness-jabbar-targeted-hindus-in-pirojpur|archive-date=2020-01-15|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Killing two freedom fighters at Mathbaria's Phuljhuri during the Liberation War. Torching and ransacking of over 100 houses at Nathparha and Kuluparha in Pirojpur.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/decision-on-charges-against-ex-jp-lawmaker-august-14-34233|title=Decision on charges against ex-JP lawmaker August 14|date=2014-07-21|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>
* Killing a man at Phuljhuri, setting fire to 360 houses before looting them.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
* Killing 11 people at Pirojpur's Noli village, looting and setting fire to 60 houses there.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}
* Forced conversion of 200 Hindus at Phuljhuri.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/12/03/war-crimes-verdict-on-ex-jp-leader-abdul-jabbar-any-day-now|title=War crimes verdict on ex-JP leader Abdul Jabbar any day now|work=bdnews24.com|access-date=2020-01-15|date=2014-12-03}}</ref>
* Detaining 37 people from Angulkata and Mathbaria, killing 22 of them and seriously injuring others.<ref name=ict>{{Cite news|url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/02/23/ict-to-announce-verdict-on-ex-jatiya-party-mp-abdul-jabbar-on-tuesday1|title=ICT to announce verdict on ex-Jatiya Party MP Abdul Jabbar on Tuesday|work=bdnews24.com|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref>

In May 2014, an arrest warrant was issued against Jabbar.<ref name=warrant>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/arrest-warrant-for-ex-jp-mp-jabbar-23776|title=Arrest warrant for ex-JP MP Jabbar|date=2014-05-12|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-01-15}}</ref> According to the investigators, he had resided in the United States in his later life.<ref name=ict/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabbar, M. A.}}
[[Category:1932 births]]
[[Category:2020 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mathbaria Upazila]]
[[Category:Politicians from Pirojpur District]]
[[Category:Jatiya Party (Ershad) politicians]]
[[Category:3rd Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:4th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:6th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi politicians convicted of crimes]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male criminals]]

1967 William & Mary Indians football team

2025-12-16T01:31:20Z

Lmao: made basic post v1

{{short description|American college football season}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2025}}
{{Infobox college sports team season
| year = 1967
| team = William & Mary Indians
| sport = football
| image =
| image_size =
| conference = [[Southern Conference]]
| short_conf = SoCon
| record = 5–4–1
| conf_record = 2–2–1
| head_coach = [[Marv Levy]]
| hc_year = 4th
| captain = Adin Brown
| captain2 = Mike Madden
| stadium = [[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]
}}
{{1967 Southern Conference football standings}}
The '''1967 William & Mary Indians football team''' was an [[American football]] team that represented the [[College of William & Mary]] as a member of the [[Southern Conference]] (SoCon) during the [[1967 NCAA University Division football season]]. In their fourth season under head coach [[Marv Levy]], William & Mary compiled a 5–4–1 record, with a mark of 2–2–1 in conference play, placing fourth in the SoCon.<ref>{{cite web|title=1967 William & Mary Tribe Schedule and Results|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/william-mary/1967-schedule.html|work=SR/College Football|publisher=Sports Reference LLC|accessdate=September 16, 2022}}</ref>

==Schedule==
{{CFB schedule

|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 9
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| opponent = {{cfb link|year=1967|team=Quantico Marines Devil Dogs|title=Quantico Marines}}
| site_stadium = [[Zable Stadium|Cary Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Williamsburg, Virginia|Williamsburg, VA]]
| score = 38–7
| attend = 7,500
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109684489/indians-trounce-marines-38-to-7-in-gri/|work=Richmond Times-Dispatch|title=Indians trounce Marines, 38 to 7, in grid opener|date=September 10, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 16
| w/l = l
| opponent = [[1967 East Carolina Pirates football team|East Carolina]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| score = 7–27
| attend = 4,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/72497329/east-carolina-wrecks-tribe/|work=The Progress-Index|title=East Carolina wrecks Tribe|date=September 17, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 23
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1967 Virginia Tech Gobblers football team|Virginia Tech]]
| site_stadium = [[Lane Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Blacksburg, Virginia|Blacksburg, VA]]
| score = 7–31
| attend = 23,500
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109684715/virginia-tech-romps-over-william-and-mar/|work=The Danville Register|title=Virginia Tech romps over William and Mary, 31 to 7|date=September 24, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = September 30
| w/l = l
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1967 Vanderbilt Commodores football team|Vanderbilt]]
| site_stadium = [[FirstBank Stadium|Dudley Field]]
| site_cityst = [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville, TN]]
| score = 12–14
| attend = 14,616
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109684901/davis-sparks-vandy-1412/|work=St. Petersburg Times|title=Davis sparks Vandy 14–12|date=October 1, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 7
| w/l = w
| neutral = y
| opponent = [[1967 VMI Keydets football team|VMI]]
| site_stadium = [[City Stadium (Richmond)|City Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond, VA]]
| gamename = [[Tobacco Bowl]], [[VMI–William & Mary football rivalry|rivalry]]
| score = 33–28
| attend = 18,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/93854568/wm-overcomes-keydets-by-3328-in-tobacc/|title=W&M overcomes Keydets by 33–28 in Tobacco Bowl|newspaper=Daily Press|date=October 8, 1967|accessdate=January 30, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 14
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1967 Ohio Bobcats football team|Ohio]]
| site_stadium = [[Peden Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Athens, Ohio|Athens, OH]]
| score = 25–22
| attend = 18,300
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109685094/william-and-mary-slips-past-ohio-univers/|work=The Danville Register|title=William and Mary slips past Ohio University by 25 to 22|date=October 15, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = October 21
| w/l = w
| nonconf = y
| away = y
| opponent = [[1967 Navy Midshipmen football team|Navy]]
| site_stadium = [[Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Annapolis, Maryland|Annapolis, MD]]
| score = 27–16
| attend = 19,542
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109685214/underdog-wm-explodes-in-4th-to-overcome/|work=Durham Sunday Herald|title=Underdog W&M explodes in 4th to overcome Navy|date=October 22, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 4
| w/l = w
| away = y
| opponent = [[1967 The Citadel Bulldogs football team|The Citadel]]
| site_stadium = [[Johnson Hagood Stadium]]
| site_cityst = [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charleston, SC]]
| score = 24–0
| attend = 13,821
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109685336/wm-tunes-citadel-out-of-sc-title-pictur/|work=The Greenville News|title=W&M tunes Citadel out of SC title picture|date=November 5, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 11
| w/l = t
| opponent = [[1967 West Virginia Mountaineers football team|West Virginia]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| score = 16–16
| attend = 11,500
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109685491/w-virginia-settles-for-tie-game-1616/|work=The Pittsburgh Press|title=W. Virginia settles for tie game, 16–16|date=November 12, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
|{{CFB schedule entry
| date = November 18
| w/l = l
| opponent = [[1967 Richmond Spiders football team|Richmond]]
| site_stadium = Cary Field
| site_cityst = Williamsburg, VA
| gamename = [[Capital Cup|rivalry]]
| score = 7–16
| attend = 13,000
| source = <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/109685682/richmond-cops-stunning-win-over-indians/|work=The Rocky Mount Telegram|title=Richmond cops stunning win over Indians|date=November 19, 1967|accessdate=September 16, 2022|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
}}
}}

==NFL draft selections==
{| style="margin:0.2em auto"
|-
|style="background-color:#FFCC00; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:2em;"|
|= [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]
|style="background-color:#CCFFCC; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:2em;"|
|= [[Canadian Football Hall of Fame]] ||
|style="background-color:#BFFF7F; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:2em;"|
|= [[College Football Hall of Fame]] ||
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin:0.2em auto; text-align:center;"
! #
! Year
! Round
! Pick
! Overall
! Name
! Team
! Position
|-
|4
|[[1968 NFL/AFL draft|1968]]
|13
|9
|336
|{{sortname|Dan|Darragh}}
|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|Quarterback
|-
|5
|1968
|16
|4
|412
|{{sort|Brown|Adin Brown}}
|[[Denver Broncos]]
|Linebacker
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{William & Mary Tribe football navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:1967 William and Mary Indians football team}}
[[Category:1967 Southern Conference football season|William and Mary]]
[[Category:William & Mary Tribe football seasons]]
[[Category:1967 in sports in Virginia|William]]

{{collegefootball-1967-season-stub}}

PHOOL

2025-10-26T13:42:05Z

Lmao: adding a details

{{Short description|Indian e-commerce company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Phool.co
| logo = Phool Logo.webp
| type = Private
| founded = 2017
| hq_location = [[Kanpur]], [[India]]
| key_people = Ankit Agarwal ([[CEO]])
| website = phool.co
}}
'''Phool''' is an Indian biomaterials startup co-founded by Ankit Agarwal and Prateek Kumar in 2017<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fellows.echoinggreen.org/fellow/ankit-agarwal/|title=Ankit Agarwal|website=Fellows.echoinggreen.org|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> to collect temple flower waste dumped in rivers in [[Kanpur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - India's First Biomaterial Startup Phool.co Raises $8 Million In Series A Funding |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/startups/exclusive-indias-first-biomaterial-startup-phoolco-raises-8-million-in-series-a-funding/75005/1 |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=How Sacred Flowers Are Turned Into Incense Sticks {{!}} World Wide Waste |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7DR-NG5H-9Q |language=en |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref> It use flowers from temples across India's and create useful products such as rose incense cone, Phool vermicompost. Phool is a brand owned by Kanpur Flowercyling Private Limited<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/1624176D:IN|title=Kanpur Flowercycling PVT Ltd - Company Profile and News|website=Bloomberg.com|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> founded in 2017. In the first four years, over 11,060 metric tonnes of temple waste was recycled.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-change/women-for-results/helpusgreen|title=HelpUsGreen - India - UNFCCC|website=unfccc.int}}</ref> The company has recently been split into the companies [[Help Us green|HelpUsGreen]] and Phool.

== History ==
An idea of recycling flowers started when Ankit Agarwal<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/the-worlds-first-biodegradable-thermocol-and-flower-leather-by-ankit-agarwals-kanpur-based-organisation-help-us-green/article25013953.ece|title=Recycling temple waste along the Ganges with Help Us Green|first=Nidhi|last=Adlakha|date=22 September 2018|access-date=22 November 2021|website=Thehindu.com}}</ref> and Prateek Kumar visited Ghats of River Ganga and realized the danger of temple flowers containing pesticides and insecticides. They planned to meet temple waste management and pitch their idea of recycling flowers. After a year and half of research product like incense cone<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/india/small-steps-for-big-changes-1.1548326563656|title=Small steps for big changes|website=Gulfnews.com|access-date=22 November 2021}}</ref> and vermicompost started.

Agarwal, was working with a consumer software company, Symantec, as an automation scientist. Kumar worked as an environmental engineer with [[Apollo Tyres]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=On the Banks of the Ganges, Blooms a Start-Up Called Phool |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/magazine/on-the-banks-of-the-ganges-blooms-a-start-up-called-phool#:~:text=Phool%20collects%20waste%20flowers%20thrown,start-up%20employs%20347%20women. |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref> Besides helping clean the rivers, the company provides employment to over 300 marginalised women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=On the Banks of the Ganges, Blooms a Start-Up Called Phool |url=https://www.outlookbusiness.com/magazine/on-the-banks-of-the-ganges-blooms-a-start-up-called-phool#:~:text=Phool%20collects%20waste%20flowers%20thrown,start-up%20employs%20347%20women. |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=Outlook Business |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/phool-story-change</ref>

== Products ==
Florafoam<ref name="auto"/> is a product which is completely decomposable in environment after its use and purely made of flowers. It is alternative to thermocol which takes years to decompose. Florafoam chosen in Amazon stores India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-SUJzbb__TY|title=Florafoam - an eco friendly alternative to styrofoam from Help Us Green|date=5 December 2018|website=Amazon Stories India}}</ref>

It also make vegan leather products. Named as Fleather, they are made from floral waste collected from temples across India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=The vegan leather made from India’s waste flowers |url=https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221208-fleather-the-vegan-leather-made-of-indias-flower-waste |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Process ==
Every week, the company collects over 21 tonnes of floral waste from temples in cities like Ayodhya, Varanasi, [[Bodh Gaya]], and Badrinath. It processes the waste into incense and leather products.<ref name=":0">https://pib.gov.in/FeaturesDeatils.aspx?NoteId=153330&ModuleId=2&reg=3&lang=1</ref>

== Awards ==

* The 2018 World Changing Idea.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/40532898/2018-world-changing-ideas-awards-winners|title=Announcing The Winners Of The 2018 World Changing Ideas Awards|first=Morgan|last=Clendaniel|date=9 April 2018|website=Fast Company}}</ref>
* Unilever Young Entrepreneur Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unilever.com/about/inspiringaction/unilever-young-entrepreneurs-awards/awards-2017/ankit-agarwal/|title=Young Entrepreneurs Awards Category Winner: Ankit Agarwal|website=Unilever global company website}}</ref>
* Spirit of Manufacturing Awards.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiritofmanufacturing.com/award-winner-2016.html|title=Spirit Of Manufacturing|website=www.spiritofmanufacturing.com}}</ref>
* PETA's Best Innovation Award.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}12. [https://bharatsamvaad.com/environment-and-climate/phool-company/ कैसे करती है कार्य ? PHOOL.CO]

== External links ==
* [https://phool.co/ PHOOL.Co]

[[Category:Recycling industry]]
[[Category:Privately held companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Retail companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kanpur]]

Western Peripheral Expressway

2025-08-27T05:24:00Z

Lmao: slightly enhanced formatting additionally and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|135 km long expressway in Delhi NCR, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}

{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = E
| route =
| image =
| name = Western Peripheral Expressway
| alternate_name = Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3|id= Q6444347|title=Western Peripheral Expressway}}
| map_custom = yes
| map_notes = Western Peripheral Expressway in red
| length_km = 135.6
| length_round = 1
| direction_a = North
| terminus_a = [[Kundli]], [[Sonipat]]
| direction_b = South
| terminus_b = Dholagarh, [[Palwal]]
| junction =
| formed = 19 November 2018
| maint = [[Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation]] (HSIIDC)
| history =
| states = [[Haryana]]
| cities = [[Sonipat]], [[Kharkhoda, Haryana|Kharkhoda]], [[Bahadurgarh]], [[Badli]], [[Jhajjar]], [[Manesar]], [[Nuh (city)|Nuh]], [[Sohna]], [[Hathin]], [[Palwal]]<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/work-on-kmp-expressway-to-start-soon/article7082853.ece|title=Work on KMP Expressway to start soon|work=The Hindu|date=9 April 2015|access-date=9 January 2016|first=Ashok|last=Kumar}}</ref>
| photo_notes = Interchange in KMP Expressway
}}

The '''Western Peripheral Expressway''' (WPE) or '''Kundli–Manesar–Palwal Expressway''' (KMP Expressway), is an operational 6-lane (3 lanes in each direction),<ref name=toie1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/ring-around-delhi-final-piece-to-fall-in-place-as-western-e-way-opens-today/articleshow/66686208.cms WPE opens in November 2018], ''Times of India'', November 2018.</ref> {{convert|135.6|km|abbr=on}}-long [[Controlled-access highway|Expressway]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/delhi-to-get-new-stretch-of-western-peripheral-expressway-vehicular-pollution-to-go-down-1388744-2018-11-14|title=Delhi to get new stretch of Western Peripheral Expressway, vehicular pollution to go down}}</ref> in the [[Haryana]] state of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/3-projects-in-haryana-to-be-completed-soon/article24008708.ece|title=3 projects in Haryana to be completed soon}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/hardlook-narendra-modi-eastern-peripheral-expressway-5193752/|title=First 'Smart' highway holds out hope for a congested, choking capital|work=The Indian Express|date=28 May 2018|first=Sourav Roy|last=Barman|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref> Along with the [[Eastern Peripheral Expressway]], the Western Peripheral Expressway is expected to divert more than 50,000 heavy vehicles away from Delhi,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/83km-kmp-stretch-may-not-be-opened-on-haryana-diwas/articleshow/66422115.cms|title=83km Kundli-Manesar-Palwal stretch may not be opened on Haryana Diwas|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/western-peripheral-expressway-50000-vehicles-may-go-off-delhi-roads/articleshow/66700406.cms|title=Western Peripheral Expressway: 50,000 vehicles may go off Delhi roads|work=The Times f India|date=19 November 2018|access-date=20 November 2018|first=Sidhartha|last=Roy}}</ref> which will help to maintain good [[air quality in Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/residents-of-delhi-to-wait-for-another-3-months-to-get-breather-from-heavy-vehicles-subsequent-air-pollution-1286033-2018-07-15|title=Residents of Delhi to wait for another 3 months to get breather from heavy vehicles, subsequent air pollution}}</ref> Western Peripheral Expressway along with Eastern Peripheral Expressway completes the largest Ring Road around Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/pm-modi-to-inaugurate-western-peripheral-expressway-all-you-need-to-know/articleshow/66676579.cms|title=PM Modi to inaugurate Western Peripheral Expressway: All you need to know}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/ring-around-delhi-final-piece-to-fall-in-place-as-western-e-way-opens-today/articleshow/66686208.cms|title=Ring around Delhi: Final piece to fall in place as Western Peripheral Expressway opens today}}</ref> There are 10 tolled entries and exits, from north to south - Kundli, Kharkhoda, Bahadurgarh, Badli, Farrukhnagar, Panchgaon, Manesar, Taoru, Sohna & Palwal.<ref name=tollrate1>[http://fincitizen.com/2018/12/19/toll-booths-to-open-at-all-kmp-entries-exits/ Toll booths to open at all KMP entries, exits], December 2018.</ref> Toll rate notified in December 2018 is INR1.35 per km for cars, INR2.18 per km for light motor vehicles, INR4.98 per km for trucks and buses, and two wheelers are not permitted on the expressway.<ref name=tollrate1/>

Two kilometer belt on either side of this expressway has been notified as controlled zone where five new contiguous greenfield cities will be developed as part of Delhi-Sonipat-Rohtak-Gurugram-Faridabad agglomeration. [[Delhi Metro]] Phase-V entails a proposed new metro route along this expressway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-27 |title=KMP Expressway- Western Peripheral Expressway Route Map, Toll Charges and More - Infra Info Hub |url=https://infrainfohub.com/kmp-expressway-western-peripheral-expressway/ |access-date=2024-07-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Nitin Gadkari meeting the Chief Minister of Haryana, Shri Manohar Lal Khattar to discuss the issues of Kundli-Manesar-Palwal, KMP Expressway and various NH and road issues in Haryana, in New Delhi on December 01, 2014.jpg|thumb|Review meeting on the Expressway held by Union Minister and Chief Minister of Haryana]]
The 53-km [[Manesar]] to [[Palwal]] section was inaugurated by [[Nitin Gadkari]] in April 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/after-9-yr-delay-kmp-eway-to-be-completed-by-august/625454.html|title=After 9-yr delay, KMP eway to be completed by August|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730171011/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/haryana/after-9-yr-delay-kmp-eway-to-be-completed-by-august/625454.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/kundli-manesar-stretch-of-western-peripheral-e-way-ready-before-time/story-QU0nOAmMVcnnGTvxI3IuAJ.html|title=Kundli-manesar stretch of western peripheral e-way ready before time}}</ref> The remaining 83-km-long [[Kundli]] to [[Manesar]] section of KMP expressway was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on 19 November 2018.<ref name=stat1>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/gurgaon-sultanpur-kundli-manesar-expressway-inauguration-5452647/|title=Gurgaon: Kundli-Manesar expressway inauguration today|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref> Toll plazas became operational on KMP Expressway in December 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/gurugram/7-toll-plazas-begin-operations-on-kmp-e-way-200-marshals-deployed-to-manage-traffic/story-dmybuT3r4pT8DKYuzade3N.html|title=7 toll plazas begin operations on KMP e-way, 200 marshals deployed to manage traffic}}</ref>

In 2003, the Western Peripheral Expressway was first proposed along with the Eastern Peripheral Expressway as a Build Operate Transfer (BOT) project to construct a 135.6 km, access controlled four lane expressway from [[National Highway 1 (India, old numbering)|NH-1]] near Kundli, [[Sonipat]] to [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|NH-2]] near [[Palwal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/kmp-expressways-achieves-financial-closurebot-project_260449-0.html|title=KMP Expressways achieves financial closure of BOT project|work=Money Control|date=9 January 2007|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200525/http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/kmp-expressways-achieves-financial-closurebot-project_260449-0.html}}</ref> Since Delhi would benefit from rerouting the vehicular away from it, Delhi state agreed to bear half of the land acquisition cost of the expressway.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/Rough-road-ahead-for-incomplete-Haryana-Delhi-Expressway/2013/07/14/article1682307.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718152436/http://newindianexpress.com/thesundaystandard/Rough-road-ahead-for-incomplete-Haryana-Delhi-Expressway/2013/07/14/article1682307.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 July 2013|title=Rough road ahead|work=The New Indian Express|date=14 July 2013|access-date=9 January 2016|first=Tarun|last=Nangia}}</ref> In 2006, the Haryana government began work on Western Peripheral Expressway project,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/western-peripheral-expressway-likely-to-open-next-month-5237930/|title=Western Peripheral Expressway likely to open next month}}</ref> when the tender was awarded to KMP Expressways ltd. with commercial operations supposed to begin in June 2009, which was revised to May 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://archive.financialexpress.com/news/lenders-to-ask-developer-to-give-up-highway-project/1102416|title=Lenders ask developer to give up|publisher=The Financial Express|date=5 April 2013|first=Vishwanath|last=Nair|access-date=9 January 2016}}</ref> In 2016, repeated delays forced the [[Government of Haryana]] to terminate the contract and pay KMP Expressways and lenders {{INRConvert|1300|c|lk=on|year=2015}} as termination payment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/bjp-govt-in-dilemma-over-kmp-e-way-project/article1-1291965.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125162200/http://www.hindustantimes.com/haryana/bjp-govt-in-dilemma-over-kmp-e-way-project/article1-1291965.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2015|title=BJP govt in dilemma over KMP E-way project |work=Hindustan Times|date=1 December 2014|first=Hitender|last=Rao|access-date=9 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Haryana-asks-Centre-to-take-over-incomplete-expressway/articleshow/45985999.cms|title=Haryana asks Centre to take over incomplete expressway|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 January 2016|date=23 January 2015|first=Dipak K|last=Dash}}</ref> In January 2016, after intervention of the [[Supreme Court of India]], the project was revived and new bids were invited,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/kmp-expressway-project-put-on-fast-track/article6926771.ece|title=KMP Expressway put on fast track|work=The Hindu|access-date=9 January 2016|date=24 February 2015|first=Gaurav Vivek|last=Bhatnagar}}</ref> and the plan was upgrade from four lanes to six lanes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Finally-work-on-bypass-e-ways-begins/articleshow/46857383.cms|title=Finally, work on bypass e-ways begins|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 January 2016|date=9 April 2015|first=Deepak K|last=Dash}}</ref> The whole completed expressway became operational in November 2018.

==Route and Interchanges ==
There are 10 [[Toll road|tolled]] entry and exit points. There are 52 underpasses and 23 overpasses,<ref name=pass1/><ref name=pass2/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/kmp-to-miss-august-deadline-too-could-take-3-more-months/articleshow/65205258.cms|title=KMP to miss August deadline too, could take 3 more months}}</ref> including the following:<ref name=pass2>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/10-days-after-its-grand-opening-chaos-on-eastern-peripheral-expressway/story-bKfPdgyXp2FkGRMiQsqIKO.html|title=Chaos, theft, accident: All is not well with Delhi’s 'smart' eastern expressway}}</ref>
* 4 railway [[Over Bridge|overbridge]]s,
* 10 [[overpass]]es and [[Subway (underpass)|underpass]]es at crossings on the [[National Highway (India)|national highways]] and [[List of state highways in Haryana|state highways]],
* 7 overpasses, 9 underpasses and 27 underpasses at crossings on major district roads and village roads,
* 33 agricultural vehicular underpasses, 31 cattle crossing passages, 61 pedestrian crossing passages.

{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
Interchanges from north to south are:<ref name=pass1>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/kmp-eway-to-partially-open-in-march/|title=KMP e-way to partially open in March|date=22 December 2010|work=The Indian Express|access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Location
!Highway
!Route
!Type of road interchange
!Corresponding [[Western Peripheral Expressway#Multimodal Transit Centres|Multimodel Passenger Interchange]]
|-
| [[Kundli]] || [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] || [[Delhi]]–[[Panipat]]–[[Ambala]] [[Grand Trunk Road|GT-Road]] || [[Cloverleaf interchange|Cloverleaf]] || Kundli MMTS
|-
| [[Kharkhoda]] || [[List of state highways in Haryana#State highways (SH)|SH 18]] || [[Delhi]]-[[Bawana]]-Kharkhoda-Rohtak || T-Roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
| [[Delhi-Amritsar-Katra Expressway]] || [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway|NE 5]]|| [[Delhi]]-[[Bawana|Kharkhoda]]-[[Amritsar]]-[[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]]|| Double roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
| [[Bahadurgarh]] || [[National Highway 9 (India)|NH 9]] || [[Delhi]]-[[Rohtak]]–[[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]–[[Sirsa]] || T-Roundabout interchange & flyover || Bahadurgarh MMTS
|-
| [[Badli, Jhajjar|Badli]] || [[List of state highways in Haryana#State highways (SH)|SH 123]] || [[Jhajjar]]–[[Badli, Jhajjar|Badli]]-[[Gurugram]]|| T-Roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
| [[Farrukhnagar]] || [[List of state highways in Haryana#State highways (SH)|SH 15A]] || [[Gurugram]]-[[Jhajjar]] || T-Roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
|[[Pataudi]]
|[[National Highway 352W (India)|NH 352W]]
|Gurugram-[[Pataudi]]-[[Rewari]]
|T-Roundabout interchange & flyover
|
|-
| [[Pachgaon (Manesar)|Panchgaon]]|| [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH 48]]|| [[Gurugram]]-[[Bhiwadi]]–[[Rewari]]–[[Jaipur]]|| Cloverleaf || Panchgaon Chowk MMTS
|-
| [[Taoru]]|| [[National Highway 919 (India)|NH 919]]|| [[Gurugram]]-[[Sohna]]-[[Bhiwadi]]-[[Jaipur]]-[[Rewari]]|| T-Roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
| [[Sohna]]|| [[National Highway 248A (India)|NH 248A]]|| [[Gurugram]]-[[Nuh (city)|Nuh]]–[[Ferozepur Jhirka]]|| T-Roundabout interchange & flyover ||
|-
|Triple Interchange
[[Delhi-Mumbai Expressway]]
[[DND–KMP Expressway|DND-KMP Expressway]]
|[[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway|NE 4]]
[[DND–KMP Expressway|NH 148NA]]
|Delhi-Gurugram-[[Vadodara|Vadodra]]-[[Mumbai]]
Delhi-Gurugram-Sohna-Faridabad-[[Palwal]]
|Triple roundabout interchange & connecting road
|
|-
| [[Palwal]] || [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH 19]] || [[Faridabad]]–[[Hodal]]–[[Mathura]]–[[Agra]]–[[Yamuna Expressway]] || [[Cloverleaf interchange|Cloverleaf]] || Balramgarh MMTS
|}

== Facilities ==

The expressway has [[Filling station|fuel refilling stations]], 2 [[truck stops]], 4 [[bus stand]]s, 1 [[Trauma center|medical trauma centre]] with helipad, [[Traffic police|traffic police stations]] and 5 passenger [[Multimodal transport|multimodel]] [[Transport hub|transit station]]s (MMTS) with refreshment and recreational facilities.

=== Theme Cities ===

The [[Government of Haryana]] envisages development of profile land uses as Knowledge City, Medi City, Fashion City, Leisure and Entertainment Cities, Cyber City and Dry-Port facility along with other similar developments, resulting in establishment of five new cities 2 km wide on either side along this express way in public-private partnership (PPP) mode. Haryana govt has notified this plan and implementation started by inviting bids for preparing the Master Plan for the first city as 50,000 hectare '''Manesar Global City''.<ref name=kmpcities1>[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jun/29/five-new-cities-to-be-developed-along-the-kundli-manesar-palwal-expressway-1835666.html Five new cities in Haryana along KMP expressway]</ref>

=== Multimodal Transit Centres ===

[[Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation]] is building 5 Multimodal Transit Centres (MMTC) along this expressway at Sonipat, Bahadurgarh, Gurugram and Faridabad in the following places for which the land has been already acquired (c. Dec 2018):<ref name=out1>{{cite news|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/haryana-govt-to-set-up-multi-modal-transit-centres/1227684|title=Haryana govt to set up multi modal transit centres|work=Outlook|date=11 January 2018|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

From north to south:
* '''Kundli MMTS''': Located at [[Kundli]] (Sonipat): between [[Rajiv Gandhi Education City, Sonipat|Rajiv Gandhi Education City]] and under-construction [[Delhi–Panipat Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Panipat RRTS station]].

* '''Bahadurgarh MMTS''': Located at [[Bahadurgarh]] between the bus stand and [[Bahadurgarh City metro station]].
* '''Panchagaon Chowk MMTS''': Located at [[Pachgaon (Manesar)|Pachgaon Chowk]] in [[Manesar]] between the proposed metro station and under-construction [[Delhi–Alwar Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Alwar RRTS station]], [[Delhi Metro#Phase V: Proposed|Gurugram–Manesar Metro]] and [[Railway in Haryana#Future projects|Jhajjar–Palwal rail line]].
* '''Kherki Daula MMTS''': Located at [[Kherki Daula]] in [[Gurugram]] near the proposed metro station, under-construction Delhi-Alwar RRTS station and bus stand on the junction of Chhapra and Naihati villages.
* '''Balramgarh MMTS''': Located at [[Ballabhgarh|Balramgarh]] (Ballabhgarh) between [[Raja Nahar Singh metro station]], bus stand and Balramgarh railway station.

==Ring roads, Regional Circular Expressways (RCE) & Zonal Circular Expressways (ZCE)==
{{anchor| Inter }}

''[[Delhi|Delhi NCT]]'' (national capital territory) is the area of Delhi state. ''Core NCR'' (CNCR), which also includes Delhi NCT area, is the area contained within and 5 km outside the circle formed around Delhi by the combination of WPE and EPE. Area outside of CNCR included in the NCR plan is called ''NCR Region''. In addition to 4 ring roads in Delhi CNCR, the ''NCR Regional Plan 2041'' also envisages construction of series of concentric expressways expanding away from and around Delhi which will be interconnected through several national and state highways originating from Delhi, which includes 3 ''Regional circular Expressways'' (RCE) within NCR region and at least 3 ''Zonal circular Expressways'' (ZCE).<ref name=cr1>[https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shamli/circular-expressway-will-pass-through-shamli-shamli-news-mrt557425382 शामली से होकर गुजरेगा सर्कुलर एक्सप्रेस-वे], Amar Ujala, 22 sept 2021.</ref><ref name=cr2>[https://ncrpb.nic.in/drp2041.html Draft NCR Regional plan 2041], NCR planning board accessed, 6 dec 2022.</ref>

{{anchor| Ring }}
* '''Ring roads''' in Delhi NCR.

** '''[[Inner Ring Road, Delhi|Inner Ring Road]]''': 40 km ring from [[Shalimar Bagh, Delhi|Shalimar Bagh]], [[Ashok Vihar]], [[Punjabi Bagh]], [[Rajouri Garden]], [[New Moti Bagh]], [[Hyatt|Hyatt Hotel]], [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi|AIIMS Delhi]], [[Lajpat Nagar]], [[Maharana Pratap Inter State Bus Terminus|Kashmere Gate ISBT]], [[ITO metro station|ITO]] and [[Azadpur]] Mandi.

** '''[[Outer Ring Road, Delhi|Outer Ring Road]]''':
*** '''Salimgarh–Rohini–Okhla Outer Ring Road''': 47 km long 6-lane highway,<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kaushik|first1=Krishn|title=Highways and others: How India classifies roads, reclassifies them|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/explained/highways-and-others-how-india-classifies-roads-reclassifies-them-4602694/|access-date=26 April 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=7 April 2017}}</ref> ends abruptly at [[Salimgarh Fort]], hence Kalindi Bypass is constructed to close the loop.<ref name=ext11>[https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/nhai-third-ring-road-decongest-delhi-nitin-gadkari-1044276-2017-09-14 NHAI proposes 'Third Ring Road' in an attempt to decongest Delhi], India Today, 14 sept 2017.</ref>

*** {{anchor| ERR | Kalindi }} '''Kalindi Bypass''' ('''Delhi Eastern Ring Road''': along the western bank of [[Yamuna]] river from Salimgarh Fort to [[DND Flyway]] & [[DND–KMP Expressway|Faridabad Bypass Expressway]], with connection to Badarpur interchange along the way.

** {{anchor| Third }}'''Third Ring Road''': formed by the '''[[Urban Extension Road-II]] (UER II)''':
*** '''[[Urban Extension Road-II#P1|UER-II phase-1]]:''' from Alipur on NH44 in north Delhi to [[National Highway 48 (India)|NH48]] [[IGI Airport]] Shiv Murti.

*** '''[[Urban Extension Road-II#P2|UER-II phase-2]]:''' from NH48 IGI Airport Shiv Murti to [[Badarpur, Delhi|Badarpur]], via Rangpuri Bypass.

*** '''[[Urban Extension Road-II#P3|UER-II phase-3]]:''' from Badarpur to [[Noida-Greater Noida Expressway]] (NGNE), over & along Sahadra Drain, to [[Swaminarayan Akshardham (Delhi)|Akshardham]] and Loni.

** {{anchor| Fourth }}'''Fourth Ring Road''' ('''Delhi Elevated Ring Expressway''') in Core NCR:<ref name=cr1/> This greenfield route will have following subsections, it will be partially elevated and rest at grade.

*** {{anchor | KNDB | KNDBE }}'''Kundli–Narela–Dariyapur–Bahadurgarh Expressway (KNDBE)''': begins in north Delhi at ''NH48 Kundli Drain No 8'', via northwest of ITBP Camp at [[Saboli]], west of Lampur, between Katlupur & Ghoga, [[Darya Pur Kalan|Dariyapur]], [[Jaunti]], [[Garhi Rindhala]], build a north bypass around Bahadurgarh, NH9 Bahadurgarh east bypass near UHBVN power station.

*** {{anchor | BMDG | BMDSG BMDSGE | BMDSG }}'''Bahadurgarh–Mitraon–Dharampur–South Gurugaon Expressway (BMDSGE)''': in the west from Bahadurgarh south bypass at Balaur, [[Mitrao]], [[Pandwala Kalan|Pandwala]], bridge over [[Sahibi River]] ([[Najafgarh drain]] [[Najafgarh drain bird sanctuary|bird sanctuary]]) between Jhatikara in Delhi to [[Dharampura, Haryana|Dharampura]] in Gurugaon in Haryana, to [[Dwarka Expressway]] at Daultabad Chowk.

*** {{anchor | GBP | GBPE }}'''Gurgaon–Bandhwari–Pali Expressway (GBPE):''' southwest of Delhi via [[Dwarka Expressway]] (from Daultabad Chowk to Gurgaon sector 88 at Rao Sheoram Chowk), Gurgaon Southern Peripheral Road to Ghata, [[Bandhwari]] (realign existing Ghata-Bandhwari ''Rajesh Piolet Road'' so that it will not pass over the hill), Dera Mandi, tunnel between Jirkhod temple & Pakhal (or between Kholi Dham Temple & Pali).

*** {{anchor | PAF | PAFE }}'''Pali–Ankheer–FNG Expressway (PAFE):''' south of Delhi from Pakhal (or Pali), via [[Badkhal Lake|Badkhal]], to Ankheer Chowk where [[Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway|FNG]] begins.

*** '''[[Faridabad–Noida–Ghaziabad Expressway]] (FNG)''' - Ankheer–Badshahpur–Noida Sector 168–Ghaziabad (Rahul Vihar & Hindan Vihar Sewa Nagar): 56 km long, with 28 km in UP & 28.1 km in Haryana, from Ankheer, to NH19, Faridabad Bypass Expressway, [[Badshahpur]], Dhadhar, Lal Pur bridge over Yamuna to Chak Mangrola, Noida sectors (sec 168 near Chhaproli Khadar, 150, 149, 122, 121) to NE3 [[Delhi–Meerut Expressway]] (near Rahul Vihar), to NH34 near Arya Nagar (in Hindan Vihar of Sewa Nagar in Ghaziabad).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2014/04/12&PageLabel=57&EntityId=Ar05700&ViewMode=HTML|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707141108/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=CAP/2014/04/12&PageLabel=57&EntityId=Ar05700&ViewMode=HTML|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 July 2014|title=Article Window|website=epaper.timesofindia.com}}</ref>

*** {{anchor | GS | GSE }}'''Ghaziabad NPR–Loni–NH709B Expressway''': from Ghaziabad NPR in west to Madhuban Bapudham–Raj Nagar Extension–Bhopura Road in Loni, to NH708B. Proposal has been sent by the Ghaziabad Development Authority (GHA) to NHAI in January 2023.<ref name=navb1>[https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/uttar-pradesh/ghaziabad/ghaziabad-northern-peripheral-road-will-be-connected-to-dehradun-expressway-gda-has-prepared-plan-know-detail/articleshow/96843012.cms गाजियाबाद से देहरादून जाना हो जाएगा आसान, एक्सप्रेसवे से जुड़ेगा नॉदर्न पेरिफेरल रोड, GDA ने तैयार की योजना.], ''Navbharat Times'', 9 Jan 2023.</ref>

*** {{anchor | GS | GSE }}'''Ghaziabad–Singhola Expressway (GSE):''' from FNG, Raj Nagar Extension Road, NH9 NAI Colony, Farukh Nagar (northeast of [[Hindon Airport]]), to Singhola.

*** {{anchor | NSS | NSSE | Singhola | Subhanpur }}'''Narela–Singhola–Subhanpur Expressway (NSSE):''' from Narela at NH44 Singhola, via Jantipur, to Singhola (Delhi–Saharanpur–Dehradun Expressway & NH709B).

*** '''Spurs''': either express or signalfree.
**** '''Ferozepur Bangar–Nahra–Saboli–Singhu Road''': from between Saboli–Safiabad to NH44 Singhu between Kundli & Narela.

**** '''Kharkhoda–Fereozepur Bangar–Ghoga–South Narela Road''' terminating at Sri Balaji Mandir on Bawana-Narela Road.

**** '''Bawana–Kanoda–Jasore Kheri Road''' to connect with [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]].

**** '''Kanjhawala–Bahadurgarh Road''':

**** '''Badli–Ghevra Road''': along the way interchanges Kair and also with [[Urban Extension Road-II#Najafgarh|Najafgarh–Bahadurgarh Bypass spur of UER-II]] at south of Neelwal. Connect to Ghevra-Kanjhawala Road at Ghevra.

**** '''Najafgarh–Badli Road''': interchange near Mitraon.

**** '''Badli–Qutub Vihar Road''':

**** '''Badsa–Najafgarh Road''': with bridge over Sahibi river.

**** '''Badli-BSF Camp- Dwarka Phase-II Road''': to meet UER-II on southwest of IGI Airport.

**** '''Bamnoli-Shobha City Road''': to connect Golf Course Road in Dwarka to Dhankot.

**** '''Farukh Nagar–Meoka-Sihi Roard''': for direct connectivity.

**** '''Palra–Bhondsi–Ghata–Chattarpur–Chandani Chowk Road''': interchange with NH248A ([[Sohna Elevated Corridor|Gurugaon–Sohna Elevated Road]]) at Bhondsi near Lemon Tree Hotel. Near Chattarpur it splits into two spurs to UER-II Phase-2 at two places – Mehrauli and Madangir (Shri Lal Bahadur Shashtri Marg to reach signal-free to [[Chandni Chowk]]). With a short spur as tunnel or elevated between Khshboo Chowk–Aya Nagar to Jaunaur to eliminate hill road.

**** '''Pali–[[Prithla]]–Hathin–Uttawar Road''' (Faridabad–Govardhan–Gwalior–Raipur Expressway): will continue as greenfield expressway to Punhana, Nandgaon & Barsana, Govardhan & Deeg, greenfield bridge over Chambal between Bari & Joura then to Gwalior–Orai–Chattarpur–Raipur–Katni.

**** '''Prithla–Mohna Road''': to Jewar Airport. With Shahpura–Maujpur spur, Prithla–Badshahpur along DFC.

**** ''' Ankheer–NHPC-NSEZ''': From Pali-[[Badkhal Lake|Badkhal]]-NHPC-Ninay Nagar to bridge over Yamuna–Basantpur–ATS village–NSEZ to FNG (near Habibpur).

**** '''Pali–Sohna''': From Sohna (Baluda) to [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]] (at Paroli–Ghangola).

**** '''Wazirabad–Burari–Manauli–[[Bapauli]] Expressway''': will begin at Shinghali bridge near Sangam Vihar along Bund Road to Burari (with another spur beginning from Wazirabadval9ng Wazirabad Rd & Raj Marg to Bund Road), to WPE interchange at Manauli, to NH709AD Bapauli in Panipat. With following spurs: [[Burari]]–[[Loni, Ghaziabad|Loni]]–Hindon–Bhopura, Burari–Agraula–Farukh Nagar, Ghazibad NAI Colony, UER-III to Bakhtawarpur, Singhola on Narela-Bawana Road to Janti Khurd to Agraula, from NH44 Drain No 8 junction to Khstkar along the drain to WPE interchange at Bahera.

{{anchor| RCE | Regional }}
* '''Regional Circular Expressways (RCE)''' in NCR: These will form the circular expressways around Delhi within NCR region.

** '''Regional Circular Expressway-1 (RCE1): WPE & EPE''': The combination of existing Western Peripheral Expressway and Eastern Peripheral Expressway together form an inner-most regional circular expressway around the Core NCR (CNCR).<ref name=cr1/>

** '''Regional circular Expressway-2 (RCE-2)''' - Panipat–Rewari–Nuh–Jewar–Shamli: This greenfield route will run through [[Panipat]] ([[Samalkha]]–[[Israna]]), [[Shamli]] ([[Chhaprauli]]), [[Meerut]] ([[Barnava]] & [[Gulaothi]]), Jewar [[Noida Airport]] (connect to [[Yamuna Expressway]] at [[Tappal]]), [[Palwal]] (between [[Hathin]]–[[Uttawar]]), Nuh (Tajpur & Meoli), [[Bhiwadi]] (connect planned greenfield Bhiwadi airport at [[Tapukara]]), [[Rewari]] ([[Bawal]] & [[Kosli]]), [[Jhajjar]] (between [[Matanhail]] & [[Chhuchhakwas]], [[Beri, Jhajjar|Beri]]), [[Rohtak]] (Kharawar) and Panipat (between Samalkha-Panipat).<ref name=cr1/>

** '''Regional circular Expressway-3 (RCE-3):''' This greenfield route will run through Karnal ([[Gharaunda]]–[[Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayaya University of Health Sciences|Kutail]]), [[Muzaffarnagar]], [[Garhmukteshwar]], Narora, [[Aligarh]], [[Mathura]] ([[Vrindavan]], [[Agra Airport]], [[Govardhan]]), [[Deeg]], [[Alwar]] (see [[Narnaul–Alwar Expressway]]), [[Mahendragarh]] (Baberi–Shamda, Gandala, [[Narnaul Airport]], [[Kanina Khas|Kanina]]), Charkhi Dadri (east of [[Badhra]], east of [[Jui Khurd]]), Bhiwani (east of [[Tosham]], [[Bawani Khera]], Garhi), [[Narnaund]] ([[Rakhi Garhi]]), Jind ([[Uchana]]), Kaithal (between [[Rajaund]]–[[Assandh]]) and Karnal (with spur from new bridge on [[Yamuna]] to [[Karnal Airport]]–[[Jyotisar]]).<ref name=cr1/>

{{anchor| ZCE | Zonal }}
* '''Zonal Circular Expressway (ZCE)''' will connect the [[National Capital Region (India)#Counter_Magnets|NCR Counter Magnet Cities]] (NCRCMC) & other important hubs with each other.

** '''Zonal Circular Expressway (ZCE1)''' – [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]]–[[Dausa]]–Agra–[[Roorke]]–[[Kurukshetra]]: Hisar–[[Neem Ka Thana]]–Shahpura–Dausa–Agra–[[Hathras]]–[[Sambhal]]–between [[Moradabad]] & [[Amroha]] to [[Bijnore]]–Roorke–Kurukshetra (Ladwa)–[[Narwana]]–Durjanpur–Kharkari–Hisar ([[Hisar Airport]]).

** '''Zonal Circular Expressway (ZCE2)''' – [[Agroha (town)|Agroha]]–[[Patiala]]–[[Chandigarh]]–[[Haridwar]]–[[Bareilly]]–[[Gwalior]]–[[Jaipur]]-: It will pass through Agroha (Hisar), Dhanaurie–Cheeka–Patiala–Chandigarh–Yanumanagar (Naraingargh & [[Chhachhrauli]])–Chhutmalpur–Haridwar–Bareilly–Firozabad–Pinahat–Morena (with Pinahat–Gwalior–Morena loop)–Sirmathura–Karauli–Lalsot–Jaipur–Neem Ka Thana–Sidhpur–Bhadra–Adampur.

** '''Zonal Circular Expressway (ZCE3)''' – Bareilly–Kota–Dabwali–Baddi–Dehradun–Tikampur: will pass through Kalawali (Sirsa), Budhlada, Samana (Patiala), Adi Badri (Haryana), Kolar, Dehradun, Rishikesh, Lansdown, Nainital, Tikampur, Bisalpur, Bewar (between Mainpuri & Farrukhabad, Sheopur (between Kota–Gwalior).

== See also ==

* [[List of highways in Haryana|Expressways in Haryana]]
** [[Delhi–Amritsar–Katra Expressway]]
** [[Delhi–Mumbai Expressway]]
** [[Delhi–Jaipur Expressway]]

* [[Uttar Pradesh Expressways Industrial Development Authority#Expressways|Expressways in Uttar Pradesh]]
** [[Eastern Peripheral Expressway]]
** [[Yamuna Expressway]]

* Other
** [[Railway in Haryana]]
** [[List of longest ring roads]]

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

== External links ==
* [http://ncrhomes.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Orbital-Trains-along-E-W-Periphral-Expressway.jpg Map]
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=28.4010271&lon=76.8696213&z=15&l=0&m=s&v=9&show=/7064858/ KMP Expressway] at ''[[wikimapia]]''
{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{Haryana}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Western Peripheral Expressway}}
[[Category:Expressways in India]]
[[Category:Roads in Delhi]]
[[Category:Expressways in Haryana]]
[[Category:Transport in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Transport in Haryana]]
[[Category:Ring roads in India]]

M. Prabhaharan

2025-08-17T00:50:29Z

Lmao: Adding entry!

{{Short description|Indian film art director, production designer and director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = M. Prabhaharan
| image = Art Director M.Prabakaran 2.jpg
| caption = M. Prabhaharan
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1966|07|06}}
| birth_place = Kuchanur, Theni, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Art director]], [[production designer]], [[Film Director]]
}}

'''M. Prabhaharan''' is an Indian Film [[Art director|Art Director]], [[Production designer|Production Designer]] and [[Film director|Director]] who completed his degree course in [[Fine art|Fine Arts]] at [[Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai]]. He had a brief stint as an illustrator in Special Effects Venky's office in 1990 and then worked as an assistant Art Director under the noted Art Director, Mr. Ashok Kumar in Tamil and Telugu film industry for a few years. He got a big break in 1995 when he was offered to do art direction for [[R. Parthiban|R. Parthiepan]]'s movie ''[[Pullakuttikaran|Pulla Kuttikaran]]'', for which he received the award for Best Art Direction from Tamil Nadu Govt.<ref name=":0" /> He did art direction for many Tamil movies, to name a few, ''[[Ullathai Allitha]]'', ''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]'', ''[[Thirupaachi]]'', ''[[Anbe Sivam]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/anbe-sivam/article28572402.ece|title=Anbe Sivam|date=2003-01-17|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-02|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/16anbe.htm|title=The Rediff Review: Anbe Sivam|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> ''[[Virumaandi]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/virumaandi-review--pclvzghhfdeib.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102070459/https://www.sify.com/movies/virumaandi-review--pclvzghhfdeib.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2020|title=Review : (2004)|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mymazaa.com/tamil/reviews/movie/Virumandi.html|title=Virumandi Review|date=2004-01-15|website=MyMazaa.com|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> ''[[Dasavathaaram]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news/sep-06-03/18-09-06-dasavatharam.html|title=Tamil movies : Dasavatharam: Sameer Chanda out, Prabhakar in|website=www.behindwoods.com|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/dasavatharam-details-news-tamil-kkfve0baebjsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102070457/https://www.sify.com/movies/dasavatharam-details-news-tamil-kkfve0baebjsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-01-02|title='Dasavatharam' details!|website=[[Sify]]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> ''[[Majaa]]'', ''[[Vishwa Thulasi]]'', ''[[Tenaliraman (film)|Tenaliraman]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/tenaliraman/tenaliraman-review.html|title=Tenaliraman (aka) Jagajala Pujabala Thenaliraman review|website=www.behindwoods.com|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref> and ''[[Bairavaa]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/temple-set-for-vijay-s-bairavaa-news-tamil-qkgjnEgacbhcj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200102072007/https://www.sify.com/movies/temple-set-for-vijay-s-bairavaa-news-tamil-qkgjnEgacbhcj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2020|title=Temple set for Vijay's 'Bairavaa'|website=[[Sify]]|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/the-team-of-vijay-60-leave-for-hyderabad.html|title=The team of Vijay 60 leave for Hyderabad|date=2016-03-15|website=Behindwoods|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>''.'' He is currently working on Swayambhu,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-02 |title='Swayambhu' director Bharat Krishnamachari says Sengol plays a very important role in Indian civilization |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/swayambhu-director-bharat-krishnamachari-says-sengol-plays-a-very-important-role-in-indian-civilization/articleshow/100694952.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-01-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> an Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Epic film|epic]] [[action drama film]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=TeluguFunda |date=2023-08-18 |title=An Epic Beginning: Nikhil' and Bharat launch 'Swayambhu' |url=https://telugufunda.com/latest-news/beginning-with-a-grand-launch-nikhil-bharat-krishnamachari-and-pixel-studios-swayambhu/ |access-date=2024-01-27 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Awards ==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=January 2019}}
* 1995 - Tamil Nadu Govt. State Award for [[Pullakuttikaran]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.artdirectorsofsouthernindia.com/stateaward.php|title=State Awards|website=www.artdirectorsofsouthernindia.com|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref>
* 1996 - Ajantha Award for ''[[Sundara Purushan (1996 film)|Sundara Purushan]]''
* 1997 - Priya Cultural Academy Award for ''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|V.I.P]]''
* 2001 - Tamil Nadu Govt. State Award for ''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]''<ref name=":0"/>
* 2001 - Pace Award for ''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/poovellam-un-vaasam-18167/cast-crew|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128122010/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/poovellam-un-vaasam-18167/cast-crew|url-status=live|archive-date=28 January 2020|title=Poovellam Un Vaasam (2001) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director|website=Cinestaan|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref>
* 2001 - Variety Award for ''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]''
* 2002 - Sica Awards for ''[[Anbe Sivam]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/16anbe.htm|title=The Rediff Review: Anbe Sivam|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref>
* 2002 - Medimix Dinakaran Award for ''[[Anbe Sivam]]''
* 2002 - V. Shantaram Award for ''[[Anbe Sivam]]''
* 2008 - [[Vikatan Awards|Vikatan Award]] for ''[[Dasavathaaram]]''
* 2008 - [[Vijay Awards|Vijay Award]] for ''[[Dasavathaaram]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Dasavatharam - IMDb|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0479651/awards|access-date=2020-01-05}}</ref>
* 2015 - Tamil Nadu Govt. State Award for [[Pasanga 2]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-05 |title=Tamil Nadu State Film Awards for 2015 announced |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-for-2015-announced/articleshow/108226261.cms |access-date=2024-12-29 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-05 |title=Tamil Nadu State Film Awards For 2015 Unveiled: Find Out The Complete Winners List |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/tamil/2024/tamil-nadu-state-film-awards-for-2015-unveiled-find-out-the-complete-winners-list-387297.html |access-date=2024-12-29 |website=www.filmibeat.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Movie
!Language
|-
|1995
|''[[Pullakuttikaran]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1995
|''[[Ullathai Allitha]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1996
|''[[Panchalankurichi (film)|Panchalankurichi]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1996
|''[[Sundara Purushan (1996 film)|Sundara Purushan]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1997
|''[[Bhoopathi (1997 film)|Boopathi]]''
|Malayalam
|-
|1997
|''[[V. I. P. (1997 film)|V.I.P]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1998
|''[[Ninaithen Vandhai]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1998
|''[[Thullatha Manamum Thullum]]''
|Tamil
|-
|1998
|''[[Chhota Chetan]]''
|Hindi
|-
|2000
|''[[Pennin Manathai Thottu]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2000
|''[[Maayi]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2000
|''[[Dumm Dumm Dumm]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2001
|''[[Poovellam Un Vasam]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2001
|''[[Shahjahan (film)|Shahjahan]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2002
|''[[Arputham]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2002
|''[[Raja (2002 film)|Raja]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2003
|''[[Anbe Sivam]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2003
|''[[Thithikudhe]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2003
|''[[Arasu (2003 film)|Arasu]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2004
|''[[Virumaandi]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2004
|''[[Udhaya (film)|Udhaya]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2004
|''White Rainbow''
|English
|-
|2004
|''Shwet''
|Hindi
|-
|2004
|''[[Vishwa Thulasi]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2004
|''[[Thirupaachi]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2005
|''[[Majaa]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2005
|''[[Kalvanin Kadhali (2006 film)|Kalvanin Kadhali]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2006
|''[[Kannum Kannum]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2007
|''[[Dasavathaaram]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2008
|''[[Velli Thirai]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2009
|''[[Silambattam (film)|Silambattam]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2009
|''[[Kutty (2010 film)|Kutty]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2009
|''[[Mayandi Kudumbathar]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2010
|''[[Aasal]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2011
|''[[Uthamaputhiran (2010 film)|Uthama Puthiran]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2012
|''[[Mayilu]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2013
|''[[Alex Pandian]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2014
|''[[Tenaliraman (film)|Tenaliraman]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2014
|''[[Mosakutty]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2015
|''[[Nannbenda]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2015
|''[[Pasanga 2]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2016
|''[[Meen Kuzhambum Mann Paanaiyum]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2017
|''[[Bairavaa]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2017
|''[[Neruppu Da]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2017
|''[[Aayirathil Iruvar]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2018
|''Jagajaalaa Killadi''
|Tamil
|-
|2019
|''[[Sangathamizhan]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2024
|''Swayambhu''
|Telugu
|}

== Non-credited films ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Movie
!Language
|-
|1997
|''[[Chachi 420]]''
|Hindi
|-
|1998
|''[[Mere Sapno Ki Rani (film)|Mere Sapno Ki Rani]]''
|Hindi
|-
|1999
|''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]''
|Hindi
|-
|2004
|''[[Pithamagan]]''
|Tamil
|-
|2014
|''[[Veeram (2014 film)|Veeram]]''
|Tamil
|}

== Director/ Producer ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Movie
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2011
|Amma
|Tamil
|Directed and Produced by M. Prabhaharan,
(John Pennycuick Productions)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/mother-goes-to-cannes/article2011896.ece|title=Mother goes to Cannes|last=Rangarajan|first=Malathi|date=2011-05-12|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-02|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-news-1/may-11-01/ilayaraja-prabhakaran-06-05-11.html|title=Amma Makes It To Cannes - Ilayaraja - Prabhakaran - - Tamil Movie News - Behindwoods.com|website=www.behindwoods.com|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prabhaharan, M.}}
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Indian art directors]]
[[Category:Indian production designers]]
[[Category:People from Theni district]]
[[Category:Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai alumni]]

Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing

2025-07-21T07:25:44Z

Lmao: put up first info more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
The '''Wireless Planning & Coordination Wing''' ('''WPC''') is a Wing of [[Department of Telecommunications]] coming under the [[Ministry of Communications (India)|Ministry of Communications]] of the [[Government of India]]. The department is responsible for issuing [[amateur radio]] licenses, allotting the frequency spectrum and monitoring the frequency spectrum. The WPC is headquartered in [[New Delhi]] and has regional branches in [[Mumbai]], [[Chennai]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Guwahati]].

WPC is divided into major sections like Licensing and Regulation (LR), New Technology Group (NTG) and Standing Advisory Committee on [[Radio Frequency Allocation]] (SACFA). SACFA makes recommendations on major frequency allocation issues, formulation of the frequency allocation plan, making recommendations on the various issues related to [[International Telecom Union]] (ITU), to sort out problems referred to the committee by various wireless users, siting clearance of all wireless installations in the country, etc.

Technical Group 'A' officers manning this organisation comes under cadre of [[Indian Radio Regulatory Service]]. Wireless Adviser of India is highest officer in the hierarchy, who report to Member (Technology) of [[Telecom Commission of India]] under [[Department of Telecommunications]].

Permission from WPC is required for importing any radio equipment in India, including walkie-talkie, RC cars/boats, drones/UAV, ZigBee, Bluetooth devices, etc. Imports of radio equipment into India, without prior permission from WPC, will be confiscated by Customs at point of entry. Individual WPC permission is not required for phones, computers, and routers. The certification process includes the application, evaluation and testing of the product before the WPC certificate and ETA (Equipment Type Approval) certification number is issued. There is currently no factory inspection needed and the tests can also be conducted by an accredited testing facility outside of India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.certification-india.com/en/wpc/certification-process/|title = WPC Certification Process}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian Radio Regulatory Service]]
*[[Wireless Monitoring Organisation]] (WMO)
*[[Department of Telecommunications]]
*[[International Telecommunication Union]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://wpc.dot.gov.in/ Official site]
* [http://www.wpc.dot.gov.in/Static/IRRS.pdf Gazette notification]
* [http://www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union]
* [http://qrz.vu2ukr.com Ham radio directory of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203185909/http://qrz.vu2ukr.com/ |date=3 February 2009 }}

{{Ministry of Communications (India)}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wireless Planning and Coordination Wing}}
[[Category:Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (India)]]
[[Category:Amateur radio in India]]
[[Category:Telecommunications authorities of India]]

{{india-gov-stub}}

Johilla River

2025-06-05T20:18:45Z

Lmao: started a place

{{Short description|River in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Johilla River
| country = India
| state = Madhya Pradesh
| region = Central India
| parent = Sone River
}}

[[File:Waterfall_on_Johilla_river,_Umaria_district,_Madhya_Pradesh,_India.jpg|thumb|alt=Small Waterfall on Johilla River|Waterfall on Johilla River]]
'''Johilla River''' is a river in [[Amarkantak]], a pilgrim town in [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shrivastava |first=Nivi |date=2019-09-24 |title=Holy kunds and temples of Amarkantak |url=https://www.asianage.com/travel/240919/holy-kunds-and-temples-of-amarkantak.html |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Asian Age}}</ref> It is a tributary of the [[Son River|Son river]], which is a perennial river located in [[Central India]] and is the second-largest southern tributary of the [[Ganges]] after the [[Yamuna River]].

== References ==
<references />
{{India-river-stub}}

{{coord|23.6451|81.2363|format=dms|display=title|region:IN_type:river}}

[[Category:Rivers of Madhya Pradesh]]

Laxmipur, Narayanpet district

2025-05-11T03:58:40Z

Lmao: Adding a location!

{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Laxmipur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Gram panchayat
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Narayanpet district|Narayanpet]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91-08506
| registration_plate = TS 38
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Laxmipur''' is a village and [[Gram panchayat]] in [[Narayanpet]] mandal of [[Narayanpet district]], [[Telangana]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Telangana}}

[[Category:Villages in Narayanpet district]]

Manali, Chennai

2025-04-28T00:33:27Z

Lmao: Adding new biography

{{Redirect|Manali, Tamil Nadu|the village in Tiruvallur District|Manali, Gummidipoondi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Manali
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_skyline = Manali and Ennore 1.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Manali and Ennore as viewed from St Thomas mount
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.16361|N|80.25856|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai district|Chennai]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluk]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Tiruvottiyur taluk|Tiruvottiyur]]
| subdivision_type4 = Metro
| subdivision_name4 = [[Chennai]]
| subdivision_type5 = [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|Zone]]
| subdivision_name5 = Manali Zone No 2
| subdivision_type6 = [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|Ward]]
| subdivision_name6 = Manali (Ward 18, 20, 21)
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 3
| population_total = 35,248
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600068
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 044-2594
| registration_plate =[[List of RTO districts in India#TN.E2.80.94Tamil Nadu|TN]]-20-xxxx & TN-18-xxxx(new)
| blank1_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Greater Chennai Corporation]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[List of cities and towns in India by population|City]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chennai]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Chennai North (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chennai North]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Thiruvottiyur (State Assembly Constituency)|Thiruvottiyur]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Manali''' is an industrial and residential part of [[Chennai]], [[India]]. It is a zone in [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] located in the northern part of [[Chennai district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Tamil Nadu]]. As of 2011, the neighborhood had a population of 35,248.

==History==
In October 2011, the erstwhile Manali municipality of [[Tiruvallur district]] merged with [[Greater Chennai Corporation]] and later became a part of [[Chennai district]] since August 2018.

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|88.02}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|3.62}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|8.04}}{{bar percent|[[Sikhism|Sikh]]|yellow|0.02}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.01}}{{bar percent|[[Jainism|Jain]]|Blue|0.19}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.09}}{{bar percent|[[Irreligion|No religion]]|violet|0.0}}}}
According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Manali had a population of 35,248 with a sex-ratio of 968 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 4,208 were under the age of six, constituting 2,194 males and 2,014 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 23.33% and 0.09% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 74.52%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of : 9331 households. There were a total of 12,745 workers, comprising 25 cultivators, 49 main agricultural labourers, 127 in house hold industries, 11,293 other workers, 1,251 marginal workers, 12 marginal cultivators, 12 marginal agricultural labourers, 39 marginal workers in household industries and 1,188 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Manali|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=674552|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924142947/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=674552|archive-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> As per the religious census of 2011, Manali had 88.02% [[Hindus]], 3.62% [[Muslims]], 8.04% [[Christians]], 0.02% [[Sikhs]], 0.01% [[Buddhists]], 0.19% [[Jainism|Jains]], 0.09% following other religions and 0.0% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==Location and surroundings==
Manali is a neighborhood of Chennai city. It borders [[Tiruvottiyur]] to the east,. [[Madhavaram, Chennai|Madhavaram]] to the west, [[Kodungaiyur]] to the south, 100 ft road{{Clarify|date=March 2016}} and [[Manali New Town]] to the North. The main thoroughfares in the area are Kamarajar Salai, Chinnamathur road, School street, Nedunchezhian street and Parthasarathy street.

==Manali Zone==
The Manali Zone was named as Zone 2 of [[Chennai Corporation]]. The Manali Zone contains 7 wards out of [[Chennai Corporation]]'s [[List of Chennai Corporation wards|200 wards]] from ward 15 to ward 21.

==Roads==

===Expressway===
Manali Expressway([[Inner Ring Road, Chennai|100 feet road]]) runs on the north of Manali and terminates at Thiruvottriyur–Ponneri High Road and joins with Manali High Road.

===Other main roads===
Other main roads in Manali are Kamarajar Road, School Street, Nedunchezhian Road, Chinnamathur Road and Manali Oil Refinery Road.

==Transportation==
[[Tiruvottiyur railway station]] and [[Perambur railway station]] are the nearest railway stations of Manali, which are 4 km and 8 km away, respectively. Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) runs passenger buses to Manali from other major parts of the Chennai city.
Some of the bus services are :

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|Normal||style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express||style="background:navy; color:white"|Deluxe||style="background:orange; color:black"|AC Volvo||style="background:black; color:white"|Night
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable collapsable plainrowheaders"
|-
|+MTC Routes
|-
!Route
!Origin
!Destination
!Via
!Status
!Fare
|-
|56D
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|CPCL, Thiruvottriyur Railway station, Thangal Tollgate, Tondiarpet Depot, Royapuram, Beach Station
|Running
|Normal
|-
|56D
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|CPCL, Thiruvottriyur Railway station, Thangal Tollgate, Tondiarpet Depot, Royapuram, Beach Station
|Running
|style="background:navy; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|44
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|CPCL, IOC, Maharani theatre, Korukkupet, Mint, Stanley Hospital, Beach Station
|Running
|Normal
|-
|64C
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Mathur MMDA, Moolakkadai, Vyasarpadi Market, Doveton, MGR Central Station
|Running (At times run via chinna mathur instead of Manali Market)
|Normal
|-
|64C
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Mathur MMDA, Moolakkadai, Vyasarpadi Market, Doveton, MGR Central Station
|Running
|style="background:navy; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|38A
|Manali
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Chinna Mathur, Mathur, Moolakkadai, MKB Nagar East, Mint, Beach Station
|Running
|Normal
|-
|121A
|Manali
|[[CMBT]]
|Manali Market, Mathur, Moolakkadai, Retteri junction, Thirumangalam
|Running
|style="background:navy; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|121A
|Manali
|[[CMBT]]
|Manali Market, Mathur, Moolakkadai, Retteri junction, Thirumangalam
|Running
|Normal
|-
|121M Extn
|Manali
|[[CMBT]]
|Periya Mathur, Manjambakkam, ThapalPetti, Moolakkadai, Retteri, Thirumangalam
|Running
|Normal
|-
|S62
|Manali
|[[Perambur]]
|Manali Market, Kodungaiyur (Paravthi Nagar), Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Running
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|S63
|Manali
|[[Moolakadai]]
|Manali Market, Balajipalayam, selavayol, Vyasarpadi Sidco, Erukkanchery
|Running
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|S56
|Manali
|[[Thiruvottriyur]]
|MFL, ITC Lift gate, Thiruvottriyur Ajax
|Running;[[CMRL]] service
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|170C Extn
|Manali
|[[Guindy Industrial Estate]]
|Mathur, Moolakkadai, TVK Nagar, Retteri, CMBT, Vadapalani, Ekkatuthangal
|Running
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|}

Buses passing through Manali

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsable plainrowheaders"
|-
|+MTC Routes
|-
!Route
!Origin
!Destination
!Via
!Status
!Fare
|-
|121
|[[Minjur]]
|[[CMBT]]
|Nappalayam, MFL Manali Road, Manali B.S., Manjambakkam, [[MMBT]], Retteri
|Running
|style="background:navy; color:white"|Deluxe
|-
|164
|[[Minjur]]
||[[Perambur]]
|Nappalayam, Manali New Town, MFL, Manali Market, Mathur, Moolakkadai, Perambur Market
|Running
|style="background:green; color:yellow"|Express
|-
|56DET
|[[Mathur, Chennai|Mathur]]
|[[Broadway, Chennai|Broadway]]
|Manali B.S., MFL, Thiruvottriyur R.S., Tondiarpet, Royapuram, Beach station
|Running
|Normal
|-
|121C
|[[CMBT]]
|[[Ennore]]
|Thirumangalam, MMBT, Manali, ITC Lift Gate, Ernavoor
|Running
|Normal
|-
|121D
|[[CMBT]]
|[[Manali New Town]]
|Thirumangalam, Retteri, MMBT, Manali, Andarkuppam
|Running
|Normal
|-
|36V
|[[Sengundram]]
|[[Thiruvottriyur]]
|Vadakarai, vadaperumbakkam, periya mathur, Manali market, MFL, Thiruvotriyur Ajax
|Running
|Normal
|-
|}

==Industries==
* [[Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited]] (CPCL)—Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited (formerly MRL) is the largest company in Manali. Started in 1969, CPCL's [[Manali Refinery]] now has a capacity of 10.5 million [[tonne]]s per year and is one of the most complex refineries in India with fuel, lube, wax and petrochemical feedstocks production facilities. Other industries located in Manali are as follows:
* [[Madras Fertilizers Limited]] (MFL)
* [[Tamil Nadu Petroproducts Limited]] (TPL)

==References==
{{Portal|India}}
<references/>

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Areas of Chennai}}
{{Neighbourhoods of Chennai}}

{{Chennai district}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Chennai]]

Sakthi (2011 film)

2025-04-05T04:57:57Z

Lmao: redirect fix

#REDIRECT [[Shakthi (2011 film)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Bandipur, North 24 Parganas

2025-03-08T16:22:11Z

Lmao: further expanded citations for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{other uses|Bandipur (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bandipur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7357|N|88.3957|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.83
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 8,115
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 700118, 700119
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91 33
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Dum Dum (Lok Sabha constituency)|Dum Dum]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Khardaha (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khardaha]]
| website = {{URL|north24parganas.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bandipur''' is a [[census town]] in [[Barrackpore II]] CD Block in [[Barrackpore subdivision]] of [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=330| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|22|41|47|N|88|24|32|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the southern portion of Barrackpore subdivision in North 24 Parganas district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, N: neighbourhood/ administrative location Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
| minimap = file| mini-file = India West Bengal adm location map.svg
| mini-width = 103 | mini-height = 158
| minipog-x = 66 | minipog-y = 120
| scalemark = 110 | minimap-boxwidth=12|nolabels=1
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|46|24|N|88|21|49|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Barrackpore| numbered1=M | mark-title1=[[Barrackpore]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|45|35|N|88|21|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2=Barrackpore |labela2=Cantonment| mark-title2=[[Barrackpur Cantonment|Barrackpore Cantonment]]| numbered2=0| shape-color2=#AA6666|label-offset-y2=-2
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|45|16|N|88|23|24|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Chak Kanthalia| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Chak Kanthalia]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|44|52|N|88|24|31|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Ruiya| numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Ruiya]] (CT)|shape-color4=#A40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|44|12|N|88|23|38|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Patulia| numbered5=CT | mark-title5= [[Patulia]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|43|48|N|88|23|38|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Bandipur| numbered6=CT| mark-title6= Bandipur (CT)|shape-color6=black| label-size6=12|label-color6=black 
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|44|14|N|88|22|12|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=Titagarh| numbered7=M | mark-title7= [[Titagarh]] (M)|shape-color7=#800000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|43|10|N|88|22|1|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Khardaha| numbered8=M| mark-title8= [[Khardaha]] (M)|shape-color8=#800000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|41|31|N|88|22|12|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Panihati| numbered9=M| mark-title9= [[Panihati]] (M)|
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|41|57|N|88|24|32|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=Ghola| numbered10=N| mark-title10= [[Ghola, North 24 Parganas|Ghola]] (N)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|42|28|N|88|24|41|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Bilkanda| numbered11=CT| mark-title11= [[Bilkanda]] (CT)|shape-color11=#A40000
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|41|30|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12=Muragachha| numbered12=CT| mark-title12= [[Muragachha]] (CT)|shape-color12=#A40000
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|42|41|N|88|26|0|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=Talbandha| numbered13=CT| mark-title13= [[Talbandha]] (CT)|shape-color13=#A40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|41|3|N|88|26|5|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Chandpur| numbered14=CT| mark-title14= [[Chandpur, Ghola|Chandpur]] (CT)|shape-color14=#A40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|40|24|N|88|24|53|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Teghari| numbered15=CT| mark-title15= [[Teghari]] (CT)|shape-color15=#A40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|42|7|N|88|23|22|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Sodepur| numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[Sodepur]] (N)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|40|48|N|88|22|48|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Agarpara| numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[Agarpara]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|42|15|N|88|26|25|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=New Barrackpore| numbered18=M| mark-title18= [[New Barrackpore]] (M)|
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|41|10|N|88|22|13|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19= Kamarhati| numbered19=M| mark-title19= [[Kamarhati]] (M)|
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|40|2|N|88|22|42|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Belgharia| numbered20=N| mark-title20= [[Belgharia]] (N)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|38|10|N|88|22|10|E}} | label-pos21=top|label21= Baranagar| numbered21=M| mark-title21= [[Baranagar]] (M)|
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|38|40|N|88|26|5|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22= Dum Dum| numbered22=M| mark-title22= [[Dum Dum]] (M)|
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|39|10|N|88|25|6|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23= North Dumdum| numbered23=M| mark-title23= [[North Dumdum]] (M)|
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|37|48|N|88|24|0|E}} | label-pos24=bottom|label24= South Dumdum| numbered24=M| mark-title24= [[South Dumdum]] (M)|
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|39|40|N|88|24|33|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25= Nimta| numbered25=N| mark-title25= [[Nimta]] (N)|shape-color25=#C42222
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|43|20|N|88|24|48|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Karna Madhabpur| numbered26=N| mark-title26= [[Karna Madhabpur]] (N)|shape-color26=#C42222
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|45|40|N|88|25|28|E}} | label-pos27=right|label27= Nilganj| numbered27=N| mark-title27= [[Nilganj]] (N)|shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|22.6292|88.3578}}| label28=Hooghly| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=76| label-pos28=top| label-size28=9| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|22.6112|88.3578}}| label29=River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=114| label-pos29=top| label-size29=9| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none}}

===Location===
[[Chak Kanthalia]], [[Ruiya]], [[Patulia]] and Bandipur form a cluster of census towns around [[Titagarh]]/ [[Khardaha]]. [[Karna Madhabpur]], with the CD Block headquarters, and [[Nilganj]] are located nearby.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf |title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A |work = Map of Barrackpore II CD Block on Page 379 | publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal| access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

96% of the population of [[Barrackpore subdivision]] (partly presented in the map alongside, the places marked on the map are linked in full screen map) lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2. The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.<ref name=handbook2013>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Tables 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

For most of the cities/ towns information regarding density of population is available in the Infobox. Population data is not available for neighbourhoods. It is available for the entire Municipal area and thereafter ward-wise.

===Police station===
[[Khardaha#Police station|Khardaha]] police station under [[Barrackpore Police Commissionerate]] has jurisdiction over Khardaha Municipal area and [[Barrackpore II]] CD Block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook |work = North 24 Parganas 2013, Table 2.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 15 June 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 2019-01-21 |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/bkp_commissionerate.php | title = Barrackpore Police Commissionerate | work = List of Police Stations with telephone numbers | publisher = West Bengal Police | access-date = 15 June 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143852/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/bkp_commissionerate.php | archive-date = 12 June 2018 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Post Office===
Bandipur has a delivery branch post office, with [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] 700119 in the North Presidency Division of North 24 Parganas district in Calcutta region. Other post offices with the same PIN are Bisalakshi Ghat, Titagarh, Bramhasthan and Patulia.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://pincodezip.in/pincode/west-bengal/north-24-parganas/north-presidency/bandipur | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180711061210/http://pincodezip.in/pincode/west-bengal/north-24-parganas/north-presidency/bandipur | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 11 July 2018 | title = Bandipur PIN Code | publisher = pincodezip.in |access-date = 11 July 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Bandipur had a total population of 8,115, of which 4,118 (52%) were males and 3,927 (48%) were females. Population below 6 years was 905. The total number of literates in Bandipur was 5,611 (77.82% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref>

===Kolkata Urban Agglomeration===
The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: [[Kanchrapara]] (M), [[Jetia]] (CT), [[Halisahar]] (M), [[Balibhara]] (CT), [[Naihati]] (M), [[Bhatpara]] (M), [[Kaugachhi]] (CT), [[Garshyamnagar]] (CT), [[Garulia]] (M), [[Ichhapur Defence Estate]] (CT), [[North Barrackpur]] (M), [[Barrackpur Cantonment]] (CB), [[Barrackpore]] (M), [[Jafarpur]] (CT), [[Ruiya]] (CT), [[Titagarh]] (M), [[Khardaha]] (M), '''Bandipur''' (CT), [[Panihati]] (M), [[Muragachha]] (CT) [[New Barrackpore]] (M), [[Chandpur, Ghola|Chandpur]] (CT), [[Talbandha]] (CT), [[Patulia]] (CT), [[Kamarhati]] (M), [[Baranagar]] (M), [[South Dumdum]] (M), [[North Dumdum]] (M), [[Dum Dum]] (M), [[Noapara, India|Noapara]] (CT), [[Babanpur]] (CT), [[Teghari]] (CT), [[Nanna, North 24 Parganas|Nanna]] (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and [[Panpur]] (OG).<ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title= Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011 | work= Constituents of Urban Agglomeration Having Population Above 1 Lakh |publisher= Census of India 2011 | access-date = 7 June 2018}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Bandipur covered an area of 0.83 km2. Amongst the medical facilities it has a dispensary/ primary health centre, a family welfare centre, a maternity home and a medicine shop. Amongst the educational facilities it has 3 primary schools. The nearest middle, secondary and senior secondary schools are available almost next door at [[Rahara]] (officially 0.5 km away). The nearest degree college is available within 1.5 km at Khardah (Ramkrishna Mission V.C.College).<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Pages 791-794; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Pages 795-796; Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations V, West Bengal |access-date = 19 June 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
Bandipur is a little away from [[Kalyani Expressway]] and is linked to the latter by short local roads.<ref name=google>Google maps</ref>

[[Titagarh railway station]] and [[Khardaha railway station]] on the [[Sealdah-Ranaghat line]] are located nearby.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/sealdah-kalyani-simanta-local-31311/16438/325/958#st | title = 31311 Sealdah-Kalyani Simanta Local | work = Time Table | publisher = indiarailinfo | access-date = 15 June 2018}}</ref><ref name=google/>

==Healthcare==
Bandipur Block Primary Health Centre, with 15 beds, is the main medical facility in Barracpore II CD Block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at [[Muragachha]] (Bilkanda (Tegharia) PHC with 6 beds) and Sultanpur (with 6 beds).<ref name=medical>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 15 June 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref name=google/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]

Arkha

2024-11-07T21:07:16Z

Lmao: minor edit

{{for|the village development committee|Arkha, Nepal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Arkha
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.129|N|81.03425|E|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =112
| population_total = 10,337
| population_as_of = 2011 Census
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rae Bareli district|Rae Bareli]]
| subdivision_type3 =
| leader_title = Member Of Parliament
| leader_name = [[Sonia Gandhi]]
| leader_title2 = Gram Pradhan
| leader_name2 = Sangeeta Pasi
| unit_pref = Metric
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 229404
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0535
| registration_plate = UP 33
| website = {{URL|raebareli.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

'''Arkha''' is a Gram Sabha in [[Unchahar]] Tehsil of [[Raebareli]] District in [[Uttar Pradesh]] State, [[India]]. It is 40.15 km away from its district capital Rae Bareli. It is 114 km away from its [[States of India|state]] capital [[Lucknow]]. Its [[Postal Index Number|pin code]] is 229404.

== History ==
'''Arkha''' ({{langx|hi|अरखा}}) was a zamindari whose leader RamGulam Singh at the time of British held a title of a [[Taluqdar]] which was given by the British Administration. However, Arkha joined [[Rana Beni Madho|Rana Beni Madho Singh]] of Shankarpur in the struggle against the [[British Raj]] in [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]]. In October 1920, [[Baba Ram Chandra]] came to Raebareli and established a [[Kisan Sabha (1919-1922)|Kisan Sabha]] in Arkha and Rasoolpur (Salon). Kissan Andolan of 1920-21 is written in golden letters in the history of [[Indian National Movement]]. In [[Non-Cooperation Movement]] of 1930, Raebareli was the first in U.P to give a lead to Namak Satyagrah and the people of Arkha were involved in the movement.

== Hospital ==
* [[Primary Health Centre (India)|Primary Health Centre (PHC)]].

== Transport ==
Arkha is connected by Road and Railways.

=== Road ===
[[National Highway 24B (India)|NH24B]] passes through Arkha which connects it to Lucknow and Allahabad. Its 120 km away from Lucknow ({{frac|2|1|2}} hours) and 80 km away from Allahabad ({{frac|1|1|2}} hours). Uttar Pradesh State Highway 38 connects Arkha to Kanpur via Unnao.

=== Railways ===

Arkha Station is connected to Unchahar Junction which is 4.5 km away from Arkha. One can take [[Unchahar Express|The Unchahar Express]] which starts it journey from [[Chandigarh Junction railway station|Chandigarh Junction]] and goes till [[Allahabad Junction railway station|Prayag Junction]]. Other than Unchahar Express, there are a lot of other trains like [[Nauchandi Express]], [[Triveni Express]], [[Ganga Gomti Express]], etc. which stop at these stations.

==External links==
* [http://www.indiamapia.com/RaeBareli/Arkha.html Map of Arkha]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Raebareli district]]

{{RaeBareli-geo-stub}}

Mughal–Safavid War (1649–53)

2024-02-25T09:39:40Z

Lmao: made the stub from scratch.

#REDIRECT [[Mughal–Safavid war (1649–1653)]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
{{R from miscapitalization|Mughal–Safavid war (1649–53)}}
}}

Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu

2023-09-19T06:19:43Z

Lmao: small expand section per standard format further and added references

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Sangam literature}}

'''Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu''' (Tamil: பழமொழி நானூறு) is a [[Tamil language|Tamil]] poetic work of [[didactic]] nature belonging to the [[Eighteen Lesser Texts]] (''Pathinenkilkanakku'') anthology of [[Tamil literature]]. This belongs to the 'post [[Sangam period|Sangam]] period' corresponding to between 100 and 500 CE. ''Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu'' contains 400 poems written by the poet Munrurai Araiyanaar, a [[Jain]]. The poems of ''Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu'' are written in the [[Venpa]] meter.

''Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu'' employs old Tamil [[proverb]]s to illustrate its messages. The following poem uses the adage that it is impossible to straighten the tail of a dog, as it impossible to control the unchaste mind of a girl by throwing her in prison.{{cn|date=July 2022}}

நிறையான் மிகுகலா நேரிழை யாரைச் 
சிறையான் அகப்படுத்தல் ஆகா - அறையோ 
வருந்த வலிதினின் யாப்பினும் நாய்வால் 
திருந்துதல் என்றுமே இல்.

==See also==
*[[Tamil Jain]]

==References==
* Mudaliyar, Singaravelu A., Apithana Cintamani, An encyclopaedia of Tamil Literature, (1931) - Reprinted by Asian Educational Services, New Delhi (1983)
* http://tamilnation.org/literature/
* http://tamilnation.org/literature/pathinen/pm0036.pdf ''Paḻamoḻi Nāṉūṟu'' eText at [[Project madurai]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Palamoli Nanuru}}
{{Tamil language}}
[[Category:Sangam literature]]
[[Category:Jain texts]]

{{India-lit-stub}}

Ghar (film)

2023-06-19T00:19:05Z

Lmao: small fix formatting to improve readability and corrected details

#REDIRECT [[Ghar]]{{R from incomplete disambiguation}}

Bhandarkund railway station

2022-09-01T18:05:59Z

Lmao: slightly adjusted citations and updated info

{{Short description|Railway station in Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020|cs1-dates=ls}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Bhandarkund
| type = [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = Bhandar, [[Chhindwara district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{Coord|21.8364|N|78.9183|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|618|m|ft}}
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| platform = 2
| tracks = 3
| parking =
| opened =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = BDKD
| zone = [[South East Central Railway zone|South East Central Railway]]
| division = [[Nagpur SEC railway division|Nagpur railway division]]
}}
| status = Functioning
| electrified = No (expected Feb. 2020)<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.patrika.com/chhindwara-news/railway-goals-given-to-complete-electric-work-5584866/|title= Railway: रेलवे ने किस रेलमार्ग पर इलेक्ट्रिक कार्य पूरा करने दिया लक्ष्य, पढ़ें पूरी खबर |trans-title= Railways: On which lines did the Railways aim to complete electric works|first= Ashish Kumar |last= Mishra|location= Chhindwara |language= hi|website =[[Rajasthan Patrika]]|date= 2020-01-02|access-date= 2020-01-11}}</ref>
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Indian Railways|line=Bilaspur–Nagpur section|left=Umranala|right=Kukra Khapa Halt|type=[[Chhindwara–Nagpur branch line|Chhindwara–Nagpur branch]]}}
| map_type = India#India Madhya Pradesh
| map_dot_label = Bhandarkund railway station
| map_size = 300
}}

'''Bhandarkund''' is a new railway station on [[Chhindwara–Nagpur branch line]] of [[Bilaspur–Nagpur section]]. It is located in [[Chhindwara district]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] state, India. The station consists of two platforms.<ref>{{cite web |title=BDKD/Bhandarkund |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/blog/bhandarkund-bdkd/12288 |website=India Rail Info |access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>

== Location ==
Bhandarkund railway station serves Bhandar, a medium size village located in Mohkhed Tehsil of Chhindwara district in Madhya Pradesh. It pertains to [[Nagpur SEC railway division|Nagpur railway division]], part of [[South East Central Railway zone]] of [[Indian Railways]]. The station lies on a new railway line between {{stnlnk|Umranala}} and {{stnlnk|Bhimalgondi}} stations, a stretch of 31 km broad-gauge single track on Chhindwara–Nagpur branch line, running eastwards of the former narrow-gauge track. Apart from this section, the rest of the narrow gauge network, once part of [[Satpura Railway]], is being [[Track gauge conversion|converted to broad-gauge]] lines.

== Services ==
As of January 2020, there are two passenger daily trains, one arriving from {{stnlnk|Indore Junction}} and one departing to [[Betul, Madhya Pradesh|Betul]]:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Train name
|-
| 59385 || [[Penchvalley Fast Passenger]] ({{stnlnk|Indore Junction||Indore Jn}} – Bhandarkund)<ref>{{cite web |title=Arrivals at BDKD/Bhandarkund |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/bhandarkund-bdkd/12288#st |website=India Rail Info |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
| 59396 || [[Bhandarkund–Betul Passenger]] (unreserved)<ref>{{cite web |title=Departures from BDKD/Bhandarkund |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/departures/bhandarkund-bdkd/12288#st |website=India Rail Info |access-date=8 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IndiaRailInfo|12288}}

{{Railway stations in Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Railway stations in Chhindwara district]]
[[Category:Nagpur SEC railway division]]

Vasna State

2022-05-24T18:01:47Z

Lmao: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[Vasna (Borsad)#History]]

{{R with possibilities}}

[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]

Kalol, Gandhinagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)

2022-05-11T15:09:27Z

Lmao: Updated entries and formatting

#REDIRECT [[Kalol, Gandhinagar Assembly constituency]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Balakrishna Pillai

2022-04-22T00:25:38Z

Lmao: redirect

#REDIRECT [[R. Balakrishna Pillai]]

Kangsabati Project

2021-11-22T07:39:51Z

Lmao: brief add details after review additionally and fixed typos

#REDIRECT [[Kangsabati River]]

{{R from merge}}