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Thulasi Teacher

2026-05-08T08:00:06Z

LiveHi: started basic pg from scratch - done

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1974)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2026}}

'''K. A. Thulasi''' (born 1974) is an Indian politician from Kerala.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title= K.A Thulasi, KONGAD (SC) constituency, INC, Kerala Assembly Election 2026: Profile & Affidavit |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/candidates/Kerala2026/thulasi-teacher-5/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=The Hindu |language=en}}</ref> She is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly]] from [[Kongad Assembly constituency]] which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community in Palakkad district representing the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Kongad (Sc) Election Result 2026 Highlights: INC's Thulasi Teacher defeats CPM's Adv. K.Santhakumari with 3706 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/kongad-sc-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-kerala-vote-counting-seat-constituency-candidates-leading-trailing-kaelb-2905320-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-05 |title=Kerala assembly election results: New faces, key upsets mark women's performance |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kerala-assembly-election-results-new-faces-key-upsets-mark-womens-performance/articleshow/130814695.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Thulasi is from [[Palakkad district]], Kerala. She is a postgraduate. She is the head of the Department of History at Nenmara NSS College. She is also the general secretary of KPCC. Her husband, [[V. K. Sreekandan|VK Sreekandan]], is an MP and a Congress leader.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ഭാര്യ എംഎൽഎ, ഭർത്താവ് എംപി, കേരളത്തിൽ ഇതാദ്യം; കോങ്ങാട്ടെ കോട്ട പിടിച്ച് തുളസി {{!}} Mathrubhumi |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/amp/election/kerala-assembly-election-2026/kongad-assembly-election-results-2026-thulasi-teacher-win-c9k0a6o3 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=www.mathrubhumi.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
Thulasi became an MLA for the first time winning the [[2026 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Kongad Assembly constituency]] representing the Indian National Congress. She polled 62,734 votes and defeated her nearest rival and advocate, K. Santhakumari of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), by a margin of 3,706 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-04 |title=Kongad election results 2026: Congress candidate Thulasi Teacher wins the seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/kongad-election-results-2026-congress-candidate-thulasi-teacher-wins-the-seat/articleshow/130669264.cms |access-date=2026-05-05 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kongad Election Results 2026 : Kongad Assembly Election Results, Winner, Runner-Up & Vote Share – Oneindia |url=https://www.oneindia.com/kongad-assembly-elections-kl-53/ |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=www.oneindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-04 |title=Kongad (Sc) Election Results 2026 Live Updates: Thulasi Teacher of INC beats CPM's Adv. K.Santhakumari by 62734 votes |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/elections/kerala/story/kongad-sc-assembly-election-results-2026-live-updates-kerala-election-polls-results-2026-kaelb-529171-2026-05-04 |access-date=2026-05-05 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teacher, Thulasi}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Women members of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Palakkad district]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 2026–2031]]

Vijay Singh

2026-05-05T17:02:35Z

LiveHi: started basic bio more to come - done

{{short description|Fijian professional golfer (born 1963)}}
{{other people}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox golfer
| name = Vijay Singh {{small|{{no bold|[[Order of Fiji|CF]]}}}} {{nobold|{{native name|hif|विजय सिंह}}}}
| image = Vijay Singh.jpg
| caption = Singh in 2007
| fullname = Vijay Singh
| nickname = The Big Fijian
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1963|2|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lautoka]], [[Viti Levu]], [[Colony of Fiji|British Fiji]] (present-day [[Fiji]])
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| height = 6 ft 2 in
| weight = {{convert|208|lb|kg st|abbr=on}}
| nationality = {{FJI}}
| residence = [[Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida]], U.S.
| spouse = {{marriage|Ardena Seth|1985}}
| partner =
| children = 1
| college =
| yearpro = 1982
| tour = [[PGA Tour]] [[PGA Tour Champions]] [[European Senior Tour]]
| extour = [[European Tour]] [[Asian Tour]]
| prowins = 66
| pgawins = 34
| eurowins = 13
| asiawins = 5
| sunwins = 2
| champwins = 5
| otherwins = 14
| majorwins = 3
| masters = '''Won''': [[2000 Masters Tournament|2000]]
| usopen = T3: [[1999 U.S. Open (golf)|1999]]
| open = T2: [[2003 Open Championship|2003]]
| pga = '''Won''': [[1998 PGA Championship|1998]], [[2004 PGA Championship|2004]]
| wghofid = vijay-singh
| wghofyear = 2005/2006<ref>Singh was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2005 but deferred his induction until 2006.</ref><ref name=hof />
| award1 = [[PGA Tour Rookie of the Year|PGA Tour Rookie of the Year]]
| year1 = [[1993 PGA Tour|1993]]
| award2 = [[PGA Tour#Money list winners|PGA Tour money list winner]]
| year2 = [[2003 PGA Tour|2003]], [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]], [[2008 PGA Tour|2008]]
| award3 = [[PGA Tour Player of the Year|PGA Tour Player of the Year]]
| year3 = [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
| award4 = {{nowrap|[[PGA Player of the Year]]}}
| year4 = [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
| award5 = [[Vardon Trophy|Byron Nelson Award]]
| year5 = [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
| award6 = [[Vardon Trophy]]
| year6 = [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
| award7 = [[European Tour Golfer of the Year|European Tour Golfer of the Year]]
| year7 = [[2004 European Tour|2004]]
| award8 = [[FedEx Cup|PGA Tour FedEx Cup winner]]
| year8 = [[2008 FedEx Cup Playoffs|2008]]
| award9 =
| year9 =
| awardssection = 
| module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes
| signature = Vijay_Singh_signature.jpg
}}
}}
'''Vijay Singh''' {{post-nominals|list=[[Order of Fiji|CF]]}} ({{langx|hif|विजय सिंह}} {{IPA|hns|ˈʋɪdʒəj sɪ̃ɦ|pron}}; born 22 February 1963) is a Fijian [[professional golfer]]. In 1982, Singh turned professional and played on the local [[Asia Golf Circuit]]. However, his early career met with controversy, as he was accused of numerous rules violations, and he was banned from the AGC. Singh turned to Africa and Europe where he had much success on the respective tours, the [[Safari Circuit]] and [[European Tour]], winning several times on each. In 1993, he won the PGA Tour's [[Buick Classic]], earning him tour membership and ultimately Rookie of the Years honors. In 1998, he won his first major championship, the [[1998 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]], and two years later the [[2000 Masters Tournament|Masters]]. In 2004, Singh had one of the best seasons in the history of golf, winning nine times including the [[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]], overtaking [[Tiger Woods]] as the #1 golfer in the world.

==Early life==
Singh recollected to reporters about his childhood: "When we were kids we couldn't afford golf balls so we had to make do with coconuts. My father used to say, 'Little Vijay, golf balls don't fall off trees you know,' so I found some that did!"<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm112004/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0013 |title=Golf's Humble Fijian: Vijay Singh's Rise To Number One |first=Peter |last=Rees |magazine=Pacific Magazine |date=1 November 2004 |access-date=8 January 2007 |archive-date=20 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220140613/http://www.pacificislands.cc/pm112004/pmdefault.php?urlarticleid=0013 |url-status=live }}</ref> Growing up, he played [[snooker]], [[cricket]], [[Association football|football]], and the country's most popular sport, [[Rugby football|rugby]]. He is the son of Mohan Singh, an airplane technician who also taught golf. Growing up, he admired the swing of [[Tom Weiskopf]], using it as an early model for his own.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1998/08/18/hard-work-finally-pays-off-for-singh/039afee0-acfc-4d62-b298-ecdcd9ee8243/ |title=Hard Work Finally Pays Off For Singh |newspaper=Washington Post |first=Leonard |last=Shapiro |date=18 August 1998 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100356/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1998/08/18/hard-work-finally-pays-off-for-singh/039afee0-acfc-4d62-b298-ecdcd9ee8243/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Professional career ==

=== Asia Golf Circuit ===
Singh turned professional in 1982. Two years later, he won the 1984 Malaysian PGA Championship. However, his career was plunged into crisis after he was suspended from the [[Asia Golf Circuit]] in 1985 over allegations he doctored his scorecard. It was alleged that he lowered his score from one over to one under in order to make the cut, but Singh denies this, saying that in any case, it should only have resulted in disqualification from the event rather than a ban. After investigation by the Tour of this and other alleged violations proved true, John Bender, Asian PGA Tour president, issued Singh a lifetime ban on Asian PGA Tour play.

Singh felt he had been more harshly treated because the marker was "the son of a VIP in the Indonesian PGA."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://golf.com/news/vijay-singh-has-always-been-reluctant-to-discuss-his-early-years-as-a-pro-and-for-good-reason/ |title=Vijay Singh Has Always Been Reluctant To Discuss His Early Years As A Pro, And For Good Reason |publisher=Golf |date=11 May 2015 |access-date=25 April 2023 |archive-date=25 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425100548/https://golf.com/news/vijay-singh-has-always-been-reluctant-to-discuss-his-early-years-as-a-pro-and-for-good-reason/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He then took a job at the Keningau Club in [[Sabah]], Malaysia, before his move to the Miri Golf Club in [[Sarawak]]. While this was a period of hardship for him, he continued to gain experience.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sptimes.com/News/041000/Sports/Experience_a_good_tea.shtml |title=Experience a good teacher |first=Hubert |last=Mizell |newspaper=[[St. Petersburg Times]] |date=10 April 2000 |access-date=8 January 2007 |archive-date=30 October 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030185132/http://www.sptimes.com/News/041000/Sports/Experience_a_good_tea.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== European Tour ===
Singh saved the money he needed to resurrect his career and began to re-enter tournaments. In 1988 he teamed up with a sponsor, Red Baron, which funded a trip to Africa to compete on the now-defunct [[Safari Circuit]], an offshoot circuit of the European Tour. Singh captured his first event, the 1988 [[Nigerian Open]], as locals cheered him loudly. At the end of that year he entered the [[European Tour]] [[Qualifying school]] for the second consecutive year, and was successful on this occasion.

In 1989, Singh won his first European Tour title at the [[Volvo Open Championship]] in Italy and finished 24th on the European Tour Order of Merit, putting his early struggles firmly behind him. He won four times in 1989, at the [[Volvo Open di Firenze]], Ivory Coast Open, Nigerian Open and Zimbabwe Open. He also finished tied for 23rd at [[The Open Championship]]. He won on the European Tour again in 1990 and did so twice in 1992. He also won several tournaments in Asia and Africa in this period.

===PGA Tour===
Singh earned membership for the [[PGA Tour]] in 1993, winning his first tournament, the [[Buick Classic]] in a playoff over [[Mark Wiebe]]. That victory led to his being named the 1993 [[PGA Tour Rookie of the Year]]. After being hampered with back and neck problems in 1994, he came back to win the Buick Classic again in 1995 as well as the [[Phoenix Open]]. After playing well in 1996 (but with no victories), he won both the [[Memorial Tournament]] and the [[Buick Open]] in 1997.

In 1998, Singh was victorious at the [[PGA Championship]] at [[Sahalee Country Club]] in [[Sammamish, Washington]], playing a 70-66-67-68 over the four days (the 66 tied a course record) and earning him his first Major title. He followed this up by winning The Masters in [[2000 Masters Tournament|2000]], with a three-stroke victory over [[Ernie Els]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/golf/707672.stm|title=Singh claims US Masters|date=10 April 2000|work=BBC Sport|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407081831/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/golf/707672.stm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Singh did not win on the PGA Tour in 2001, but finished the year with a Tour-best 14 top-10 finishes and was fourth on the money list with $3,440,829 for the year. In 2002, he won at the [[Shell Houston Open]] at [[TPC at The Woodlands]], setting a new tournament 72-hole scoring record with a 266, and at the [[Tour Championship]], winning by two strokes over [[Charles Howell III]].

2003 proved to be a very successful year for Singh. He won four tournaments, had 18 top-10 finishes and was the PGA Tour's money leader (and had the second-highest single-season total in PGA Tour history) with $7,573,907, beating [[Tiger Woods]] by $900,494, though Singh played 27 tournaments compared to Woods' 18 tournaments. Singh also tied a 9-hole scoring record at the [[2003 U.S. Open Golf Championship|U.S. Open]] with a 29 on the back nine of his second round.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brown |first=Clifton |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/14/sports/golf-63-singh-ties-record-and-shares-lead-with-furyk.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |title=Singh Ties Record And Shares Lead With Furyk |newspaper=The New York Times |date=14 June 2003 |access-date=8 April 2012 |archive-date=19 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019025051/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/14/sports/golf-63-singh-ties-record-and-shares-lead-with-furyk.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm |url-status=live }}</ref> His victories came at the [[Phoenix Open]], the [[EDS Byron Nelson Championship]], the [[John Deere Classic]] and the [[FUNAI Classic at the Walt Disney World Resort]]. He narrowly lost the vote for the [[PGA of America]]'s [[PGA Player of the Year|Player of the Year]] to Tiger Woods.

However, the 2003 season was also spotted with controversy involving Singh surrounding the year's event at the [[Bank of America Colonial]]. [[LPGA]] star [[Annika Sörenstam]] became the first woman to play at a PGA Tour event since [[Babe Zaharias]] at the 1945 [[Los Angeles Open]]. Surrounding this fervor, Singh was misquoted as having said that Sörenstam "didn't belong" on the men's tour and that he would not play if he were paired with her. What he actually said is that he would not be paired with her because his playing partner was being selected from the past champion's pool. Singh later clarified, "There are guys out there trying to make a living. It's not a ladies' tour. If she wants to play, she should—or any other woman for that matter—if they want to play the man's tour, they should qualify and play like everybody else."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-05-14 |title=Vijay Apologizes For Swing At Annika |work=CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vijay-apologizes-for-swing-at-annika/ |access-date=2023-07-22 |archive-date=22 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722165914/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vijay-apologizes-for-swing-at-annika/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Singh began 2004 by winning the [[AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am]] at −16 and winning $954,000 in prize money. This was his first win on tour in 2004 and his 16th all-time on the PGA Tour. It was his 12th consecutive top-10 finish, which is two shy of [[Jack Nicklaus]]' all-time record.

Singh won the final major of 2004, winning the [[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]], his third major, in a three-hole aggregate playoff over [[Justin Leonard]] and [[Chris DiMarco]]. Singh was the leader by one shot over Leonard going into the final round, but made no birdies in the final round, finishing regulation at 67-68-69-76=280. His final round of 76 was the highest winning score by a major champion since 1955. The playoff was a tense affair, and Singh's birdie on the first playoff hole, his first birdie of the day, proved to be the difference.

On 6 September 2004 ([[Labor Day (United States)|Labor Day]]), Singh won the [[Deutsche Bank Championship]] in [[Norton, Massachusetts]]. With the win, he overtook [[Tiger Woods]] at the top of the [[Official World Golf Ranking]], ending Woods' streak of 264 weeks at the top of the golf world.

Singh finished the 2004 season with a career-best nine victories, 18 top-10s, and a record $10,905,166 in earnings and was named the PGA Tour's and [[PGA of America]]'s Player of the Year. The former award is decided by a vote of active PGA Tour players.

Despite picking up a win early in 2005, Singh lost his world number 1 ranking when Tiger Woods won the [[Ford Championship at Doral]] on 6 March, but just two weeks later he took it back again after notching up top-three finishes in three consecutive weeks. Following Woods' win at the 2005 [[Masters Tournament|Masters]], Singh once again lost his place as World No. 1 in the Official World Golf Ranking and finished tied for fifth place. In April, he became the youngest living person elected to the [[World Golf Hall of Fame]], garnering 56% of the ballot. Thirty-year-old [[Karrie Webb]] was inducted into the Hall of Fame in October 2005, but Singh remained the youngest living electee, as Webb qualified for the Hall without an election process. (The 19th century great [[Tom Morris, Jr.]], who was elected in 1975, died at age 24.) Singh deferred his induction for a year, and it took place in October 2006.

In 2006, Singh played enough European Tour events to be listed on the European Tour Order of Merit title for the first time since 1995.

At the start of the 2007 season, Singh won the [[Mercedes-Benz Championship (PGA Tour)|Mercedes-Benz Championship]] which was the first [[FedEx Cup]] event in [[PGA Tour]] history. This win got Singh his 18th tour win over the age of 40, surpassing [[Sam Snead]] as most over 40 wins, and making all-time over 40 tour winner. He won again at The [[Arnold Palmer Invitational]] in March, but did not win for the rest of the year which turned into a disappointing year for Singh. He did not finish in a top ten of a major for the first time in ten years and finished 10th in the FedEx Cup race. He went through swing changes during the end of 2007 which resulted in weeks of missed cuts and staying outside the top ten through the [[Presidents Cup]].

A new swing brought big changes for Singh in 2008, although he had good opportunities at [[AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am|Pebble Beach]] and [[Arnold Palmer Invitational|Bay Hill]], he was not competing at a high level for the first half of the year. His game was plagued by poor putting for the better part of two years, but his season started to turn around with a tie for fifth at the [[Travelers Championship]]. After missing the cut at [[The Open Championship]], Singh won the [[WGC-Bridgestone Invitational]] in early August for his first win of the year and first [[World Golf Championship]]. His win had been a relief after missing short putts throughout the week. He missed the cut the following two weeks including at [[Oakland Hills Country Club|Oakland Hills]] for the [[PGA Championship]] and entered the PGA Tour FedEx Cup playoffs ranked 7th in the standings. At the first playoff event, Singh prevailed for his first FedEx Cup win defeating [[Sergio García]] and [[Kevin Sutherland]] in a [[playoff]]. On the first playoff hole García and Singh matched long birdie putts before Singh won with birdie on the second playoff hole. Singh was propelled into first place in the [[FedEx Cup]] race with three events remaining. At the second event of the playoffs, he triumphed once again, this time at the [[Deutsche Bank Championship]] bewildering the field with a five strokes victory and a final round 63. He had won three times in his last five starts and created an almost insurmountable lead in the points race. He would not contend in the remaining two events, but by playing in both the [[2008 FedEx Cup]] title belonged to Singh. His season which looked to be a major disappointment in July turned into an historic year for Singh: he won the PGA Tour money list for the third time in his career and he surpassed [[Harry Cooper (golfer)|Harry Cooper]] for most PGA Tour wins of all time for a non-American.

Singh has won 22 times on the PGA Tour since turning 40 – beating the record previously set by [[Sam Snead]]. He is the second man to reach $60 million in PGA Tour career earnings, after [[Tiger Woods]]. His 34 career victories are the most on the PGA Tour by a non-American player and place him 14th on the all-time list. He has spent [[List of male golfers who have been in the world top 10|over 540 weeks ranked in the top 10]] of the [[Official World Golf Ranking]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dps.endavadigital.net/owgr/doc/content/2007%20Stats/86TO0810.pdf |title=69 Players Who Have Reached The Top-10 in World Ranking |publisher=Official World Golf Ranking |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017160152/http://dps.endavadigital.net/owgr/doc/content/2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=European Tour Official Guide 09 |edition=38th |year=2009 |publisher=[[PGA European Tour]] |chapter=Players who have reached the Top Ten in the Official World Golf Ranking since 1986 |page=558 }}</ref> Singh's longevity on the PGA Tour and his number of wins earn him a lifetime exemption on the PGA Tour.

[[Kenny Perry]], another player who found success at a late age is good friends with Singh, who calls him "Biggie". Of Singh, Perry said "Vijay has always been good to me. We talk a lot. He wants to know how my family is doing. I think the world of him."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/golf/pga/2005-03-21-singh-perry_x.htm |newspaper=USA Today |title=A surprising friendship |first=Jerry |last=Potter |date=21 March 2005 |access-date=27 May 2010 |archive-date=15 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090415164942/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/golf/pga/2005-03-21-singh-perry_x.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

After the 2008 playoffs, Singh announced his withdrawal from a couple of [[Asian Tour]] events because of a nagging back injury and was advised by doctors to rest.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.espn.com/golf/news/story?id=3618219 |title=Singh sidelined two months with tendinitis |work=ESPN |agency=Associated Press |date=30 September 2008 |access-date=8 April 2012 |archive-date=13 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101013223326/http://sports.espn.go.com/golf/news/story?id=3618219 |url-status=live }}</ref> He missed two and a half months, returning to win [[Tiger Woods]]'s tournament, the [[Chevron World Challenge]] at Sherwood Country Club in California in December. It was his first victory in the event. During the start of the 2009 season Singh announced that he would miss three weeks after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to repair a torn meniscus in his right knee.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://articles.boston.com/2009-01-16/sports/29261843_1_three-time-major-champion-fedex-cup-brian-gay |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712031227/http://articles.boston.com/2009-01-16/sports/29261843_1_three-time-major-champion-fedex-cup-brian-gay |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 July 2012 |title=Singh has knee scoped |newspaper=The Boston Globe |agency=Associated Press |date=16 January 2009 |access-date=8 April 2012}}</ref> Singh had a mediocre 2009 season, with no top 5 finishes and ended the year with his lowest ever ranking on the PGA Tour money list in 68th.
[[File:Vijay Singh at 2010 PGA Championship.jpg|thumb|Singh at the [[2010 PGA Championship]]]]
His poor form continued into 2010, resulting in him being 66th on the PGA Tour money list. He dropped out of the top 50 in the world rankings for the first time since the early 1990s.

After returning from knee surgery, Singh started the 2011 season making five out of his first five cuts. In February, Singh was in contention to win his first PGA Tour Title since 2008 at the [[Waste Management Phoenix Open]] in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]]. Despite shooting a final round 66, Singh finished two shots behind [[Jason Dufner]] and eventual winner [[Mark Wilson (golfer)|Mark Wilson]]. A couple of weeks later, Singh was in contention again, this time at the [[Northern Trust Open]] at [[Riviera Country Club]]. However, he came up short again, not helped by back-to-back bogeys on holes 12 and 13. He would eventually finish two shots back of the winner [[Aaron Baddeley]], although he did secure second spot on his own. This early season form however was not enough to secure a spot at the opening [[World Golf Championship]] of the year, the [[WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship]] the following week. However, at number 10 in the 2011 FedEx Cup standings, it was just enough to secure a spot at the [[WGC-Cadillac Championship]] in March.

On 6 June 2011, Singh missed his tee-time for the [[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] qualifying in [[Columbus, Ohio]]. At the time, this ended the longest active streak of consecutive majors played by a professional golfer, at 67.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pgatour.com/news/2011/06/06/singhap.html |title=Singh fails to show up for U.S. Open qualifier |publisher=PGA Tour |date=6 June 2011 |access-date=15 January 2014 |archive-date=16 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116121759/http://www.pgatour.com/news/2011/06/06/singhap.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 30 January 2013, Singh admitted to using [[deer-antler spray]] while not knowing that it is a banned substance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Singh could face suspension |first=Bob |last=Harig |url=https://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/8897822/vijay-singh-admits-use-banned-substance-deer-antler-spray |work=ESPN |date=30 January 2013 |access-date=30 January 2013 |archive-date=31 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131115650/http://espn.go.com/golf/story/_/id/8897822/vijay-singh-admits-use-banned-substance-deer-antler-spray |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[PGA Tour]] later dropped its case against him.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Singh Sues the PGA Tour |first=Bob |last=Harig |url=https://www.espn.com/golf/story/_/id/9254013/vijay-singh-sues-pga-tour-handling-deer-antler-spray-case |work=ESPN |date=8 May 2013 |access-date=8 May 2013 |archive-date=11 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511015145/http://espn.go.com/golf/story/_/id/9254013/vijay-singh-sues-pga-tour-handling-deer-antler-spray-case |url-status=live }}</ref> On 8 May 2013, Singh sued the PGA Tour for exposing him to public humiliation and ridicule during a 12-week investigation into his use of deer-antler spray. On 20 November 2018, the PGA Tour and Singh announced that the lawsuit had been settled. The PGA Tour confirmed that it does not believe that Singh intended to gain an unfair advantage over his fellow competitors in this matter. Other terms of the settlement were not announced.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/RexHoggardGC/status/1065004342439264256 |first=Rex |last=Hoggard |title=Tour announces it has "resolved" lawsuit with Vijay Singh following the Fijian's anti-doping suspension which was later rescinded. |website=Twitter |date=20 November 2018 |access-date=20 November 2018 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308172925/https://twitter.com/RexHoggardGC/status/1065004342439264256 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Vijah Singh at 2015 PGA Championship.jpg|thumb|Singh at the [[2015 PGA Championship]]]]

===PGA Tour Champions===
Singh played his first [[PGA Tour Champions]] event in 2013, finishing T6 at the [[Pacific Links Hawai'i Championship]]. During this era, he still played some PGA Tour events, finishing second at the [[Quicken Loans National]], three strokes behind winner [[Billy Hurley III]].

In 2017, Singh won his first senior event, the [[Bass Pro Shops Legends of Golf]] with [[Carlos Franco]]. In March 2018, Singh won the [[Toshiba Classic (golf)|Toshiba Classic]]. Four months later, in July, Singh won one of the [[PGA Tour Champions]]' major tournaments, the [[Constellation Senior Players Championship]] in a playoff over [[Jeff Maggert]]. At the end of the season, in November, Singh won the season-ending [[Charles Schwab Cup Championship]] in [[Phoenix, Arizona]]. The victory was worth $440,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/11/09/2018-charles-schwab-cup-championship-purse-winners-share-prize-money-payout-111418/ |title=2018 Charles Schwab Cup Championship purse, winner's share, prize money payout |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018 |archive-date=12 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112101309/https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/11/09/2018-charles-schwab-cup-championship-purse-winners-share-prize-money-payout-111418/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By winning the tournament, he also finished fourth in the season-long [[Charles Schwab Cup]], winning an additional $200,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/11/09/2018-charles-schwab-cup-bonus-pool-purse-winners-share-prize-money-payout-111419// |title=2018 Charles Schwab Cup bonus pool, purse, winner's share, prize money payout |date=11 November 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018 |archive-date=29 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181405/https://thegolfnewsnet.com/golfnewsnetteam/2018/11/09/2018-charles-schwab-cup-bonus-pool-purse-winners-share-prize-money-payout-111419/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2019, Singh shot his way into the final group of the final round of the [[Honda Classic]]. Singh shot even-par to finish sixth, three strokes behind winner [[Keith Mitchell (golfer)|Keith Mitchell]].

In 2026, Singh returned to the PGA Tour using a one-time exemption for those in the top-50 in career earnings. Singh, whose career earnings are over $71 million, is eligible for most full-field events and the Masters as a former winner.

== Personal life ==
An [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijian]] practising [[Hinduism]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Singh/Singh_bio.html |title=Vijay Singh Biography |publisher=JockBio |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=28 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928201343/http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/Singh/Singh_bio.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Singh was born in [[Lautoka]], [[Fiji]] and grew up in [[Nadi]]. A resident of [[Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida]], he is known for his meticulous preparation, often arriving hours before, and staying long after his tournament rounds to work on his game on the driving range and putting greens.

Singh has a brother named [[Krishna Singh (golfer)|Krishna]] who is also a professional golfer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1992-10-18 |title=Golf: The Shark helps Australia cruise into semi-final |page=16 |newspaper=The Canberra Times |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article126949755 |access-date=2020-05-17 |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331112235/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/126949755 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media relations==
[[File:Vijay Singh Fiji International August 16th 2014.jpg|thumb|Singh at a press conference in 2014]]
Controversy surrounded Singh in 2003 before the [[Bank of America Colonial]]. [[Annika Sörenstam]] was scheduled to play the event, and Singh was quoted as saying, "I hope she misses the cut ... because she doesn't belong out here." He later said that the substance of his interview to an [[Associated Press]] reporter was that she would be displacing some other struggling male player, for whom he had his sympathies. However, the media focused on this statement. ''[[Golf Digest]]'' wrote that Singh had become "pro golf's bad guy."

After Singh's win at the Masters, [[Ernie Els]] took issue with some of the negative press his friend received. He wrote an article in ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'' to defend him, saying, "Golf should be proud of Vijay Singh." Later Els said of Singh "He's a wonderful guy. I've known him for the better part of 10 years now. He's a great competitor. I think people have a misconception of Vijay. He's a really good guy."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/augusta/news/2001/03/29/single_minded/ |title=The many sides of Vijay Singh |magazine=Sports Illustrated |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=21 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121072445/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/augusta/news/2001/03/29/single_minded/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In May 2005, Singh was appointed a [[goodwill ambassador]] for [[Fiji]]. He said that he did not expect anything in return from the Fijian government for representing his country. At a press conference on 18 May 2005, Singh commented on what he said was a deterioration in race relations in Fiji, saying that for such a small country, people of all races should live together, put their differences aside, and get on with life. Relations between [[Indians in Fiji|Indo-Fijians]] and [[Fijians|indigenous Fijians]] had been more harmonious when he was younger, he said.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/golf/05/18/singh.fiji/ |title=Singh returns to native Fiji |magazine=Sports Illustrated |date=18 May 2005 |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-date=29 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629030836/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2005/golf/05/18/singh.fiji/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==

* In 1993, Singh won the [[PGA Tour]]'s Rookie of the Year honors.
* In 2003, 2004, and 2008 he finished atop the PGA Tour's money list.
* In 2004, Singh was voted by his colleagues to be [[PGA Tour Player of the Year]].
* In 2004, he also earned [[PGA Player of the Year]] honors, based on a points-based system, from the [[PGA of America]].
* In 2004, Singh also earned the PGA Tour's [[Vardon Trophy|Byron Nelson Award]] and the PGA of America's [[Vardon Trophy]]. The honors respectively go the player with the lowest adjusted scoring average over the course of the year and the overall leader in scoring average, non-adjusted.
* In 2004, Singh was [[European Tour Golfer of the Year]], dispensed by the golf media figures in Europe.
* In 2006, Singh was elected to the [[World Golf Hall of Fame]].<ref name="hof">{{cite news |date=30 October 2006 |title=Nelson, Singh inducted into World Golf Hall of Fame |url=https://www.espn.com/golf/news/story?id=2644147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106113149/http://sports.espn.go.com/golf/news/story?id=2644147 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |access-date=8 November 2011 |work=ESPN |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
* In 2008, he won the season-long [[FedEx Cup]].<ref name="pga">{{cite web |title=Vijay Singh – Performance |url=https://www.pgatour.com/players/player.06567.vijay-singh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413200004/https://www.pgatour.com/players/player.06567.vijay-singh.html |archive-date=13 April 2019 |access-date=18 June 2019 |publisher=PGA Tour}}</ref>

==Professional wins (66)==
===PGA Tour wins (34)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Legend
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| Major championships (3)
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| World Golf Championships (1)
|- style="background:thistle;"
| Tour C'ships/FedEx Cup playoff events (3)
|-
| Other PGA Tour (27)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|13 Jun [[1993 PGA Tour|1993]]
|[[Buick Classic]]
|−4 (72-68-74-66=280)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Wiebe]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|29 Jan [[1995 PGA Tour|1995]]
|[[Phoenix Open]]
|−15 (70-67-66-66=269)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Billy Mayfair]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|21 May 1995
|[[Buick Classic]] (2)
|−6 (70-69-67-72=278)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Doug Martin (golfer)|Doug Martin]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|2 Jun [[1997 PGA Tour|1997]]
|[[Memorial Tournament]]
|−14 (70-65-67=202){{efn|name=weather|Shortened to 54 holes due to weather.}}
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Furyk]], {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Greg Norman]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|10 Aug 1997
|[[Buick Open]]
|−15 (67-73-67-66=273)
|4 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Byrum]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Russ Cochran]], {{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brad Fabel]], {{flagicon|JPN|1870}} [[Naomichi Ozaki]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Curtis Strange]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|6
|align=right|16 Aug [[1998 PGA Tour|1998]]
|'''[[1998 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]'''
|−9 (70-66-67-68=271)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Stricker]]
|-
|align=center|7
|align=right|23 Aug 1998
|[[Sprint International (golf)|Sprint International]]
|47 pts (15-12-6-14=47)
|6 points
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Mickelson]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Willie Wood (golfer)|Willie Wood]]
|-
|align=center|8
|align=right|14 Mar [[1999 PGA Tour|1999]]
|[[Honda Classic]]
|−11 (71-69-68-69=277)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Payne Stewart]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|9
|align=right|9 Apr [[2000 PGA Tour|2000]]
|'''[[2000 Masters Tournament|Masters Tournament]]'''
|−10 (72-67-70-69=278)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|-
|align=center|10
|align=right|31 Mar [[2002 PGA Tour|2002]]
|[[Shell Houston Open]]
|−22 (67-65-66-68=266)
|6 strokes
|{{flagicon|NIR}} [[Darren Clarke]]
|- style="background:thistle;"
|align=center|11
|align=right|3 Nov 2002
|[[The Tour Championship]]
|−12 (65-71-65-67=268)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Charles Howell III]]
|-
|align=center|12
|align=right|26 Jan [[2003 PGA Tour|2003]]
|[[Phoenix Open]] (2)
|−23 (67-66-65-63=261)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Huston (golfer)|John Huston]]
|-
|align=center|13
|align=right|18 May 2003
|[[EDS Byron Nelson Championship]]
|−15 (65-65-69-66=265)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZWE}} [[Nick Price]]
|-
|align=center|14
|align=right|15 Sep 2003
|[[John Deere Classic]]
|−16 (66-68-69-65=268)
|4 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jonathan Byrd (golfer)|Jonathan Byrd]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[J. L. Lewis]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris Riley (golfer)|Chris Riley]]
|-
|align=center|15
|align=right|26 Oct 2003
|[[Funai Classic at the Walt Disney World Resort]]
|−23 (64-65-69-67=265)
|4 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Stewart Cink]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Scott Verplank]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiger Woods]]
|-
|align=center|16
|align=right|8 Feb [[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
|[[AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am]]
|−16 (67-68-68-69=272)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Maggert]]
|-
|align=center|17
|align=right|26 Apr 2004
|[[Shell Houston Open]] (2)
|−11 (74-66-69-68=277)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Scott Hoch]]
|-
|align=center|18
|align=right|3 May 2004
|[[HP Classic of New Orleans]]
|−22 (70-65-68-63=266)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Mickelson]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Joe Ogilvie]]
|-
|align=center|19
|align=right|1 Aug 2004
|[[Buick Open]] (2)
|−23 (63-70-65-67=265)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Daly (golfer)|John Daly]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|20
|align=right|15 Aug 2004
|'''[[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]''' (2)
|−8 (67-68-69-76=280)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris DiMarco]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Leonard]]
|-
|align=center|21
|align=right|6 Sep 2004
|[[Deutsche Bank Championship]]
|−16 (68-63-68-69=268)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Scott (golfer)|Adam Scott]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiger Woods]]
|-
|align=center|22
|align=right|12 Sep 2004
|[[Bell Canadian Open]]
|−9 (68-66-72-69=275)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Mike Weir]]
|-
|align=center|23
|align=right|26 Sep 2004
|[[84 Lumber Classic]]
|−15 (64-68-72-69=273)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Stewart Cink]]
|-
|align=center|24
|align=right|31 Oct 2004
|[[Chrysler Championship]]
|−18 (65-69-67-65=266)
|5 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tommy Armour III]], {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jesper Parnevik]]
|-
|align=center|25
|align=right|16 Jan [[2005 PGA Tour|2005]]
|[[Sony Open in Hawaii]]
|−11 (69-68-67-65=269)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|-
|align=center|26
|align=right|24 Apr 2005
|[[Shell Houston Open]] (3)
|−13 (64-71-70-70=275)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Daly (golfer)|John Daly]]
|-
|align=center|27
|align=right|8 May 2005
|[[Wachovia Championship]]
|−12 (70-69-71-66=276)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Furyk]], {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio García]]
|-
|align=center|28
|align=right|31 Jul 2005
|[[Buick Open]] (3)
|−24 (65-66-63-70=264)
|4 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Zach Johnson]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiger Woods]]
|-
|align=center|29
|align=right|11 Jun [[2006 PGA Tour|2006]]
|[[Barclays Classic]] (3)
|−10 (70-64-72-68=274)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Scott (golfer)|Adam Scott]]
|-
|align=center|30
|align=right|7 Jan [[2007 PGA Tour|2007]]
|[[Mercedes-Benz Championship (PGA Tour)|Mercedes-Benz Championship]]
|−14 (69-69-70-70=278)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Scott (golfer)|Adam Scott]]
|-
|align=center|31
|align=right|18 Mar 2007
|[[Arnold Palmer Invitational]]
|−8 (70-68-67-67=272)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Rocco Mediate]]
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
|align=center|32
|align=right|3 Aug [[2008 PGA Tour|2008]]
|[[2008 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational|WGC-Bridgestone Invitational]]
|−10 (67-66-69-68=270)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stuart Appleby]], {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Westwood]]
|- style="background:thistle;"
|align=center|33
|align=right|24 Aug 2008
|[[The Barclays]] (4)
|−8 (70-70-66-70=276)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio García]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kevin Sutherland]]
|- style="background:thistle;"
|align=center|34
|align=right|1 Sep 2008
|[[Deutsche Bank Championship]] (2)
|−22 (64-66-69-63=262)
|5 strokes
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Mike Weir]]
|}

'''PGA Tour playoff record (8–4)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent(s)!!|Result
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|1
|[[1993 PGA Tour|1993]]
|[[Buick Classic]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Wiebe]]
|Won with birdie on third extra hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|2
|[[1995 PGA Tour|1995]]
|[[Phoenix Open]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Billy Mayfair]]
|Won with par on first extra hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|3
|1995
|[[Buick Classic]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Doug Martin (golfer)|Doug Martin]]
|Won with birdie on fifth extra hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|4
|[[1998 PGA Tour|1998]]
|[[The Tour Championship]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Hal Sutton]]
|Lost to birdie on first extra hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|5
|[[2004 PGA Tour|2004]]
|'''[[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]'''
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris DiMarco]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Leonard]]
|Won three-hole aggregate playoff; Singh: −1 (3-3-4=10), DiMarco: x (4-3-x=x), Leonard: x (4-3-x=x)
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|6
|2004
|[[Bell Canadian Open]]
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Mike Weir]]
|Won with par on third extra hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|7
|[[2005 PGA Tour|2005]]
|[[The Honda Classic]]
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Pádraig Harrington]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Joe Ogilvie]]
|Harrington won with par on second extra hole Ogilvie eliminated by par on first hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|8
|2005
|[[Shell Houston Open]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Daly (golfer)|John Daly]]
|Won with par on first extra hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|9
|2005
|[[Wachovia Championship]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Furyk]], {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio García]]
|Won with par on fourth extra hole García eliminated by par on first hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|10
|[[2006 PGA Tour|2006]]
|[[Mercedes Championships]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stuart Appleby]]
|Lost to birdie on first extra hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|11
|[[2008 PGA Tour|2008]]
|[[AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Lowery]]
|Lost to birdie on first extra hole
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|12
|2008
|[[The Barclays]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Sergio García]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kevin Sutherland]]
|Won with birdie on second extra hole Sutherland eliminated by birdie on first hole
|}

===European Tour wins (13)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Legend
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| Major championships (3)
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
| World Golf Championships (1)
|-
| Other European Tour (9)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|2 Apr [[1989 European Tour|1989]]
|[[Volvo Open Championship]]
|−12 (72-68-68-68=276)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Peter Fowler]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|8 Apr [[1990 European Tour|1990]]
|[[El Bosque Open]]
|−10 (66-69-74-69=278)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Richard Boxall]], {{flagicon|ZAF|1982}} [[Chris Williams (South African golfer)|Chris Williams]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|16 Feb [[1992 European Tour|1992]]
|[[Turespaña Masters Open de Andalucía]]
|−11 (72-70-69-66=277)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Gary Evans (golfer)|Gary Evans]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|23 Aug 1992
|[[Volvo German Open]]
|−26 (66-68-64-64=262)
|11 strokes
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[José Manuel Carriles]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|31 Jul [[1994 European Tour|1994]]
|[[Scandinavian Masters]]
|−20 (68-67-69-64=268)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZWE}} [[Mark McNulty]]
|-
|align=center|6
|align=right|25 Sep 1994
|[[Trophée Lancôme]]
|−17 (65-63-69-66=263)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Miguel Ángel Jiménez]]
|-
|align=center|7
|align=right|9 Feb [[1997 European Tour|1997]]
|[[South African Open (golf)|South African Open]]1
|−18 (69-66-66-69=270)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ZWE}} [[Nick Price]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|8
|align=right|16 Aug [[1998 European Tour|1998]]
|'''[[1998 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]'''
|−9 (70-66-67-68=271)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Stricker]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|9
|align=right|9 Apr [[2000 European Tour|2000]]
|'''[[2000 Masters Tournament|Masters Tournament]]'''
|−10 (72-67-70-69=278)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|-
|align=center|10
|align=right|18 Feb [[2001 European Tour|2001]]
|[[Carlsberg Malaysian Open]]2
|−14 (68-70-68-68=274)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Pádraig Harrington]]
|-
|align=center|11
|align=right|25 Feb 2001
|[[Caltex Singapore Masters]]2
|−21 (64-63-68-68=263)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Warren Bennett (golfer)|Warren Bennett]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|12
|align=right|15 Aug [[2004 European Tour|2004]]
|'''[[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]''' (2)
|−8 (67-68-69-76=280)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris DiMarco]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Leonard]]
|- style="background:#dfe2e9;"
|align=center|13
|align=right|3 Aug [[2008 European Tour|2008]]
|[[2008 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational|WGC-Bridgestone Invitational]]
|−10 (67-66-69-68=270)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stuart Appleby]], {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Westwood]]
|}
1Co-sanctioned by the [[Southern Africa Tour]] 
2Co-sanctioned by the [[Asian Tour]]

'''European Tour playoff record (2–0)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent(s)!!Result
|-style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|align=center|1
|[[2001 European Tour|2001]]
|[[Carlsberg Malaysian Open]]
|{{flagicon|IRL}} [[Pádraig Harrington]]
|Won with birdie on third extra hole
|-style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|align=center|2
|[[2004 European Tour|2004]]
|'''[[2004 PGA Championship|PGA Championship]]'''
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris DiMarco]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Leonard]]
|Won three-hole aggregate playoff; Singh: −1 (3-3-4=10), DiMarco: x (4-3-x=x), Leonard: x (4-3-x=x)
|}

===Asian Tour wins (5)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|2 Sep [[1995 Asian PGA Tour|1995]]
|[[Passport Open]]
|−16 (70-72-65-65=272)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jeev Milkha Singh]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|10 Sep [[2000 Asian PGA Tour|2000]]
|[[Johnnie Walker Taiwan Open]]
|−1 (73-72-71-71=287)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Craig Kamps]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|18 Feb [[2001 Asian PGA Tour|2001]]
|[[Carlsberg Malaysian Open]]1
|−14 (68-70-68-68=274)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Pádraig Harrington]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|25 Feb 2001
|[[Caltex Singapore Masters]]1
|−21 (64-63-68-68=263)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Warren Bennett (golfer)|Warren Bennett]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|7 Oct [[2007 Asian Tour|2007]]
|[[Kolon-Hana Bank Korea Open]]2
|−6 (66-69-70-73=278)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|KOR|1997}} [[Kim Kyung-tae]], {{flagicon|KOR|1997}} [[Yang Yong-eun]]
|}
1Co-sanctioned by the [[European Tour]] 
2Co-sanctioned by the [[Korean Tour]]

'''Asian Tour playoff record (2–0)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent!!Result
|-style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|align=center|1
|[[2000 Asian PGA Tour|2000]]
|[[Johnnie Walker Taiwan Open]]
|{{flagicon|RSA}} [[Craig Kamps]]
|Won with par on first extra hole
|-style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|align=center|2
|[[2001 Asian PGA Tour|2001]]
|[[Carlsberg Malaysian Open]]
|{{flagicon|IRE}} [[Pádraig Harrington]]
|Won with birdie on third extra hole
|}

===Asia Golf Circuit wins (1)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runners-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|15 Mar [[1992 Asia Golf Circuit|1992]]
|[[Benson & Hedges Malaysian Open]]
|−9 (65-67-74-69=275)
|3 strokes
|{{flagicon|TWN}} [[Hsieh Chin-sheng]], {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Brad King (golfer)|Brad King]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Craig McClellan]], {{flagicon|SRI}} [[Nandasena Perera]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Lee Porter]]
|}

===Southern Africa Tour wins (2)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|10 Jan [[1992–93 Southern Africa Tour|1993]]
|[[Bell's Cup]]
|−10 (73-69-68-68=278)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Mark McNulty]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|9 Feb [[1996–97 Southern Africa Tour|1997]]
|[[South African Open (golf)|South African Open]]1
|−18 (69-66-66-69=270)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ZIM}} [[Nick Price]]
|}
1Co-sanctioned by the [[European Tour]]

===Safari Circuit wins (4)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Date!!Tournament!!Winning score!!Margin of victory!!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|31 Jan 1988
|[[Nigerian Open]]
|−3 (281)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Mike Miller (golfer)|Mike Miller]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|29 Jan 1989
|[[Zimbabwe Open]]
|−6 (72-67-71-72=282)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Mark Mouland]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|19 Nov 1989
|[[Nigerian Open]] (2)
|−5 (71-68-72-68=279)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Gordon J. Brand]], {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jeff Pinsent]], {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Ian Spencer (golfer)|Ian Spencer]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|26 Nov 1989
|[[Ivory Coast Open]]
|−14 (70-65-65-74=274)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jeff Pinsent]]
|}

===Swedish Golf Tour wins (1)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Winning score
!Margin of victory
!Runner-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|7 Aug [[1988 Swedish Golf Tour|1988]]
|[[Länsförsäkringar Open]]
|−6 (70-70-69-73=282)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jesper Parnevik]]
|}

===Other wins (8)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Winning score
!Margin of victory
!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|8 Dec 1984
|[[Malaysian PGA Championship]]
|−2 (286)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|MYS}} [[Nazamuddin Yusof]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|24 Nov 1991
|[[Hassan II Golf Trophy]]
|−7 (70-73-71-71=285)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Payne Stewart]]
|-
|align=center|3
|align=right|12 Oct 1997
|[[Toyota World Match Play Championship]]
|colspan=2 align=center|1 up
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|-
|align=center|4
|align=right|10 Nov 1998
|[[Johnnie Walker Super Tour]]
|−19 (70-66-71-62=269)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|24 Jul 2001
|[[Telus Skins Game]]
|align=center|$180,000
|$105,000
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[David Duval]]
|-
|align=center|6
|align=right|24 Jun 2003
|[[Telus Skins Game]] (2)
|align=center|$140,000
|$45,000
|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Ian Leggatt]]
|-
|align=center|7
|align=right|21 Dec 2008
|[[Chevron World Challenge]]
|−11 (71-72-67-67=277)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Stricker]]
|-
|align=center|8
|align=right|18 Dec 2022
|[[PNC Championship]] (with son Qass Singh)
|−26 (59-59=118)
|2 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Daly (golfer)|John Daly]] and son John Daly II, {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Thomas]] and father Mike Thomas
|}

'''Other playoff record (1–2)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent(s)!!Result
|-style="background:#D0F0C0;"
|align=center|1
|1991
|[[Hassan II Golf Trophy]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Payne Stewart]]
|Won with birdie on first extra hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|2
|1995
|[[Johnnie Walker World Golf Championship]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fred Couples]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Loren Roberts]]
|Couples won with birdie on second extra hole
|-style="background:#F2C1D1;"
|align=center|3
|2000
|[[PGA Grand Slam of Golf]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiger Woods]]
|Lost to eagle on first extra hole
|}

===PGA Tour Champions wins (5)===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Legend
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
| PGA Tour Champions major championships (1)
|- style="background:thistle"
| Charles Schwab Cup playoff events (1)
|-
| Other PGA Tour Champions (3)
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.
!Date
!Tournament
!Winning score
!Margin of victory
!Runner(s)-up
|-
|align=center|1
|align=right|23 Apr [[2017 PGA Tour Champions season|2017]]
|[[Bass Pro Shops Legends of Golf]] (with {{flagicon|PRY}} [[Carlos Franco]])
|−15 (51-42=93)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fred Funk]] and {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Sluman]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Paul Goydos]] and {{flagicon|USA}} [[Kevin Sutherland]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Corey Pavin]] and {{flagicon|USA}} [[Duffy Waldorf]]
|-
|align=center|2
|align=right|11 Mar [[2018 PGA Tour Champions season|2018]]
|[[Toshiba Classic (golf)|Toshiba Classic]]
|−11 (68-68-66=202)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Scott McCarron]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Pernice Jr.]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tommy Tolles]]
|- style="background:#e5d1cb;"
|align=center|3
|align=right|15 Jul 2018
|'''[[Constellation Senior Players Championship]]'''
|−20 (68-67-66-67=268)
|Playoff
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Maggert]]
|-style="background:thistle"
|align=center|4
|align=right|11 Nov 2018
|[[Charles Schwab Cup Championship]]
|−22 (67-67-67-61=262)
|4 strokes
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tim Petrovic]]
|-
|align=center|5
|align=right|27 Aug [[2023 PGA Tour Champions season|2023]]
|[[The Ally Challenge]]
|−14 (66-68-68=202)
|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Maggert]]
|}

'''PGA Tour Champions playoff record (1–0)'''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
!No.!!Year!!Tournament!!Opponent!!Result
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
|align=center|1
|[[2018 PGA Tour Champions season|2018]]
|'''[[Constellation Senior Players Championship]]'''
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Maggert]]
|Won with birdie on second extra hole
|}

==Major championships==
===Wins (3)===
{|class="wikitable"
!Year!!Championship!!54 holes!!Winning score!!Margin!!Runner(s)-up
|- style="background:thistle;"
| [[1998 PGA Championship|1998]] ||[[PGA Championship]] ||Tied for lead ||−9 (70-66-67-68=271) ||2 strokes ||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Steve Stricker]]
|- style="background:#d0f0c0;"
| [[2000 Masters Tournament|2000]] ||[[Masters Tournament]] ||3 shot lead ||−10 (72-67-70-69=278) ||3 strokes ||{{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Ernie Els]]
|- style="background:thistle;"
| [[2004 PGA Championship|2004]] ||[[PGA Championship]] (2)||1 shot lead ||−8 (67-68-69-76=280) ||Playoff1||{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chris DiMarco]], {{flagicon|USA}} [[Justin Leonard]]
|}
1Defeated Justin Leonard and Chris DiMarco in three-hole playoff: Singh (3-3-4=10), Leonard (4-3-x=x), and DiMarco (4-3-x=x)

===Results timeline===
''Results not in chronological order in 2020.''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament !! 1989 !! 1990 !! 1991 !! 1992 !! 1993 !! 1994 !! 1995 !! 1996 !! 1997 !! 1998 !! 1999
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T27
|CUT
|T39
|T17
|CUT
|T24
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|T10
|style="background:yellow;"|T7
|T77
|T25
|style="background:yellow;"|T3
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]]
|T23
|T12
|T12
|T51
|T59
|T20
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|T11
|T38
|T19
|CUT
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T48
|style="background:yellow;"|4
|CUT
|CUT
|style="background:yellow;"|T5
|T13
|style="background:lime;"|'''[[1998 PGA Championship|1]]'''
|T49
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament !! 2000 !! 2001 !! 2002 !! 2003 !! 2004 !! 2005 !! 2006 !! 2007 !! 2008 !! 2009
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]]
|style="background:lime;"|'''[[2000 Masters Tournament|1]]'''
|T18
|style="background:yellow;"|7
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|style="background:yellow;"|T5
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T13
|T14
|T30
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|style="background:yellow;"|T7
|T30
|T20
|T28
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|T20
|T65
|T27
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]]
|T11
|T13
|CUT
|style="background:yellow;"|T2
|T20
|style="background:yellow;"|T5
|CUT
|T27
|CUT
|T38
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]]
|CUT
|T51
|style="background:yellow;"|8
|T34
|style="background:lime;"|'''[[2004 PGA Championship|1]]'''
|style="background:yellow;"|T10
|CUT
|CUT
|CUT
|T16
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament !! 2010 !! 2011 !! 2012 !! 2013 !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]]
|CUT
|CUT
|T27
|T38
|T37
|54
|CUT
|CUT
|49
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|T40
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]]
|T37
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|T9
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]]
|T39
|CUT
|T36
|T68
|T35
|T37
|CUT
|66
|78
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament
!2019!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]]
|CUT
|WD
|CUT
|CUT
|CUT
|T58
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|CUT
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|
|}
{{legend|lime|Win}}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
CUT = missed the half way cut 
WD = withdrew 
"T" indicates a tie for a place. 
NT = no tournament due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]

===Summary===
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
!Tournament !! Wins !! 2nd !! 3rd !! Top-5 !! Top-10 !! Top-25 !! Events !! Cuts made
|-
|align=left|[[Masters Tournament]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 2 || 6 || 11 || 32 || 20
|-
|align=left|[[PGA Championship]] || 2 || 0 || 0 || 4 || 6 || 8 || 27 || 19
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 7 || 10 || 18 || 16
|-
|align=left|[[The Open Championship]] || 0 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 4 || 13 || 25 || 19
|-
!Totals !! 3 !! 1 !! 1 !! 9 !! 23 !! 42 !! 102 !! 74
|}
*Most consecutive cuts made – 15 (2002 PGA – 2006 U.S. Open)
*Longest streak of top-10s – 7 (2004 PGA – 2006 U.S. Open)

==Results in The Players Championship==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament
!1993
!1994
!1995
!1996
!1997
!1998
!1999
|-
|align=left|[[The Players Championship]]
|T28
|T55
|T43
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T31
|T54
|T20
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament
!2000
!2001
!2002
!2003
!2004
!2005
!2006
!2007
!2008
!2009
|-
|align=left|[[The Players Championship]]
|T33
|style="background:yellow;"|2
|CUT
|CUT
|T13
|T12
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T44
|CUT
|style="background:yellow;"|T9
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament
!2010
!2011
!2012
!2013
!2014
!2015
!2016
!2017
!2018
!2019
|-
|align=left|[[The Players Championship]]
|CUT
|CUT
|CUT
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T63
|T28
|T16
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|CUT
|}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
CUT = missed the halfway cut 
"T" indicates a tie for a place

==World Golf Championships==
===Wins (1)===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Championship!!54 holes!!Winning score!!Margin!!Runners-up
|- style="background:#ffc;"
|[[2008 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational|2008]]
|[[WGC-Bridgestone Invitational]]
|align=center|Tied for lead
|align=center|−10 (67-66-69-68=270)
|align=center|1 stroke
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stuart Appleby]], {{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lee Westwood]]
|}

===Results timeline===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Tournament!!1999!!2000!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Match Play|Match Play]]
|R32
|R64
|R32
|R32
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|R32
|R32
|style="background:yellow;"|R16
|R32
|style="background:yellow;"|QF
|R32
|R64
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Championship|Championship]]
|T16
|style="background:yellow;"|T3
|NT1
|style="background:yellow;"|3
|style="background:yellow;"|T2
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|T56
|T11
|style="background:yellow;"|T2
|T53
|T11
|T22
|T66
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-Invitational|Invitational]]
|T15
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T13
|T11
|style="background:yellow;"|T6
|T32
|style="background:yellow;"|T3
|T45
|T56
| style="text-align:center; background:#0f0;"|'''1'''
|T29
|T58
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|-
|align="left"|[[WGC-HSBC Champions|Champions]]
|colspan=10 style="background:#D3D3D3;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|}

1Cancelled due to [[September 11 attacks|9/11]] 
{{legend|lime|Win}}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play 
"T" = tied 
NT = No tournament 
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

==Senior major championships==
===Wins (1)===
{|class="wikitable"
!Year!!Championship!!54 holes!!Winning score!!Margin!!Runners-up
|-style="background:#FFFF99;"
| 2018 ||[[Constellation Senior Players Championship]] || 1 shot deficit || −20 (68-67-66-67=268)|| Playoff || {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jeff Maggert]]
|}

===Results timeline===
''Results not in chronological order''
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;text-align:center;"
!Tournament !! 2014 !! 2015 !! 2016 !! 2017 !! 2018 !! 2019!!2020!!2021!!2022!!2023!!2024!!2025!!2026
|-
|align=left|[[Senior PGA Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|2
|T19
|T21
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|T30
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T57
|style="background:yellow;"|T8
|T22
|-
|align=left|[[The Tradition]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|64
|T19
|T43
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|62
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T15
|T39
|T19
|T20
|-
|align=left|[[U.S. Senior Open]]
|style="background:yellow;"|T5
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T18
|style="background:yellow;"|T7
|T16
|T24
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|T26
|T33
|T18
|style="background:yellow;"|7
|63
|
|-
|align=left|[[Senior Players Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|WD
|T18
|style="background:lime;"|'''1'''
|T18
|T43
|T12
|T31
|T32
|T49
|T21
|
|-
|align=left|[[Senior British Open Championship]]
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|T14
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|NT
|CUT
|CUT
|style="background:yellow;"|3
|CUT
|style="background:#eeeeee;"|
|
|}
{{legend|lime|Win}}
{{legend|yellow|Top 10}}
{{legend|#eeeeee|Did not play}}
CUT = missed the halfway cut 
WD = withdrew 
"T" indicates a tie for a place 
NT = no tournament due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]

==PGA Tour career summary==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Season!!Wins (Majors)!!Earnings ($)!!Rank<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.109.html |title=Official Money |publisher=PGA Tour |access-date=2 October 2020 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929005033/https://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.109.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1993 || 1 || 657,831 || 19
|-
|1994 || 0 || 325,959 || 52
|-
|1995 || 2 || 1,018,713 || style="background:yellow;"|9
|-
|1996 || 0 || 855,140 || 17
|-
|1997 || 2 || 1,059,236 || 16
|-
|1998 || 2 (1) || 2,238,998 || style="background:yellow;"|2
|-
|1999 || 1 || 2,283,233 || style="background:yellow;"|4
|-
|2000 || 1 (1) || 2,573,835 || style="background:yellow;"|5
|-
|2001 || 0 || 3,440,829 || style="background:yellow;"|4
|-
|2002 || 2 || 3,756,563|| style="background:yellow;"|3
|-
|2003 || 4 || 7,573,907 || style="background:lime;"|1
|-
|2004 || 9 (1) || 10,905,166 || style="background:lime;"|1
|-
|2005 || 4 || 8,017,336 || style="background:yellow;"|2
|-
|2006 || 1 || 4,602,416 || style="background:yellow;"|4
|-
|2007 || 2 || 4,728,376 || style="background:yellow;"|3
|-
|2008 || 3 || 6,601,094 || style="background:lime;"|1
|-
|2009 || 0 || 1,276,815 || 68
|-
|2010 || 0 || 1,334,262 || 66
|-
|2011 || 0 || 2,371,050 || 28
|-
|2012 || 0 || 1,586,305 || 51
|-
|2013 || 0 || 309,351 || 162
|-
|2014 || 0 || 989,028 || 97
|-
|2015 || 0 || 752,462 || 124
|-
|2016 || 0 || 1,210,104 || 88
|-
|2017 || 0 || 337,305 || 173
|-
|2018 || 0 || 95,334 || 210
|-
|2019 || 0 || 244,800 || 198
|-
|2020 || 0 || 20,088 || 234
|-
!Career* !! 34 (3) !! 71,236,216 !! style="background:yellow;"|4<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.110.html |title=Career Money Leaders |publisher=PGA Tour |access-date=2 October 2020 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401134124/https://www.pgatour.com/stats/stat.110.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

''*As of the 2020 season.'' 
There is a summary of Singh's European Tour career here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/players/playerid=4253/record/index.html |title=Vijay Singh – Record |publisher=European Tour |access-date=27 September 2016 |archive-date=1 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501105305/http://www.europeantour.com/europeantour/players/playerid=4253/record/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Team appearances==
'''Amateur'''
*[[Eisenhower Trophy]] (representing Fiji): [[1980 Eisenhower Trophy|1980]]

'''Professional'''
*[[Presidents Cup]] (International Team): [[1994 Presidents Cup|1994]], [[1996 Presidents Cup|1996]], [[1998 Presidents Cup|1998]] (winners), [[2000 Presidents Cup|2000]], [[2003 Presidents Cup|2003]] (tie), [[2005 Presidents Cup|2005]], [[2007 Presidents Cup|2007]], [[2009 Presidents Cup|2009]]
*[[World Cup (men's golf)|World Cup]] (representing Fiji): [[2001 WGC-World Cup|2001]], [[2002 WGC-World Cup|2002]], [[2013 World Cup of Golf|2013]]
*[[Alfred Dunhill Challenge]] (representing Australasia): 1995

==See also==
* [[List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins]]
* [[List of golfers with most European Tour wins]]
* [[List of golfers with most Asian Tour wins]]
* [[List of men's major championships winning golfers]]
* [[Longest PGA Tour win streaks]]
* [[Most PGA Tour wins in a year]]
* [[Pravasi Bharatiya Divas]]
* [[Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat}}
*{{official website|http://www.VijaySinghGolf.com}}
*{{PGATour player|06567}}
*{{EuroTour player|4253}}
*{{JapanTour player|10720}}
*{{AsianTour player|100367}}
*{{OWGR|653}}

{{Golf world number ones (men)}}
{{navboxes
|title=Vijay Singh in the [[Men's major golf championships|major championships]]
|list1=
{{The Masters champions}}
{{US PGA Champions}}
}}
{{Senior Players Championship champions}}
{{PGA Tour Rookie of the Year}}
{{PGA Players of the Year}}
{{European Tour Golfer of the Year}}
{{FedEx Cup Playoffs}}
{{World Golf Championships winners|selected=WGC-Invitational winners}}
{{navboxes|title=Vijay Singh in the [[Presidents Cup]]
|list1=
{{1994 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{1996 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{1998 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{2000 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{2003 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{2005 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{2007 International Presidents Cup team}}
{{2009 International Presidents Cup team}}
}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Vijay}}
[[Category:Fijian male golfers]]
[[Category:European Tour golfers]]
[[Category:PGA Tour golfers]]
[[Category:PGA Tour Champions golfers]]
[[Category:Winners of men's major golf championships]]
[[Category:Winners of senior major golf championships]]
[[Category:World Golf Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of Fiji]]
[[Category:Recipients of Pravasi Bharatiya Samman]]
[[Category:Doping cases in golf]]
[[Category:Sports controversies]]
[[Category:Sportspeople of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Fijian people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Fijian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Lautoka]]
[[Category:Fijian Hindus]]
[[Category:Golfers from Jacksonville, Florida]]
[[Category:Golfers from Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Presidents Cup competitors for International]]

MTV (India)

2026-05-01T09:27:02Z

LiveHi: Creating Some Data W/ Sources

{{short description|Indian pay television channel}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox television channel
| name = MTV
| logo = MTV 2021 (brand version).svg
| logo_size = 160px
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2021
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|df=y|1996|10|28}}
| owner = [[JioStar]] (branding licensed from [[Paramount Networks EMEAA]])
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], India
| picture_format = [[1080i]] [[HDTV]] (downscaled to [[letterboxed]] [[576i]] for the [[SDTV]] feed)
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| area = {{Plainlist|
* India
* Afghanistan<ref>{{cite web|url=https://oqaab.af/pashto/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/HD-Plus-KABUL-Channel-List-Pashto-V4.pdf|title=HD Plus KABUL Channel List Pashto V4|date=October 2019|access-date=12 April 2026|website=[[Oqaab]]|language=ps}}</ref>
* Bangladesh<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bangla-archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/10/04/40863|script-title=bn:যে ২৪ বিদেশি চ্যানেল প্রচারে বাধা নেই|date=4 October 2021|access-date=8 June 2022|work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]|language=bn|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608075046/https://bangla-archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/10/04/40863|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* United Arab Emirates<ref>{{cite web |title=MTV India |url=https://campaignme.com/agency/mtv-india-2/ |website=Campaign Middle East |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref>}}
| sister_channels = [[Colors Infinity]]
| website = {{URL|www.mtvindia.com}}

{{URL|www.youtube.com/@mtvindia}}
| online_serv_1 = JioHotstar
| online_chan_1 = India
| online_serv_2 = YouTube
| online_chan_2 = India
}}

'''MTV''' is an Indian [[pay television]] [[television channel|channel]] specialising in music, reality and youth culture programming. It was launched in 1996 as the Indian version of the [[MTV|original American network]] and is owned by [[JioStar]], under a license agreement with [[Paramount Networks EMEAA]]. Most of the programming on the channel is produced in [[Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite book|title = The 86 Percent Solution: How to Succeed in the Biggest Market Opportunity of the Next 50 Years|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NA7dJJC-TuMC&q=mtv%2520india%2520hindi%2520language&pg=PT84|publisher = Pearson Education|date = 2005-09-14|isbn = 9780132782159|language = en|first1 = Vijay|last1 = Mahajan|first2 = Kamini|last2 = Banga}}</ref> MTV India has its headquarters in [[Vile Parle]] in [[Mumbai]]. The channel has been airs it's songs of Bollywood and all non-film songs of Hindi, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Haryanvi, Qawwali, Ghazal, Pahari, Sufi, English, K-pop, UK Asian, Fusion and Rock through Pump Up Mornings, Specials and Chillax only

== Related channels ==
In 2014, [[Viacom 18]] launched ''Pepsi MTV Indies'', an [[Indie Music|indie music]] and subculture channel in partnership with [[PepsiCo|Pepsi Co]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lighthouseinsights.in/pepsi-partners-viacom18-for-pepsi-mtv-indies-a-24-hour-channel-for-indie-music-culture.html/|title=Pepsi & Viacom18 To Launch 'Pepsi MTV Indies', A 24-Hour Channel For Indie Music & Culture|date=February 6, 2014|access-date=December 21, 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053114/http://lighthouseinsights.in/pepsi-partners-viacom18-for-pepsi-mtv-indies-a-24-hour-channel-for-indie-music-culture.html/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2016, MTV Indies was replaced by [[MTV Beats]], a 24-hour music-only channel. After its launch, MTV India changed its focus on broadcasting reality series.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.televisionpost.com/television/viacom18-to-launch-hindi-music-channel-mtv-beats-mtv-indies-content-to-be-on-digital-platforms/|title=Viacom18 to launch Hindi music channel MTV Beats; MTV Indies content to be on digital platforms|date=September 8, 2016|access-date=December 21, 2017|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222050905/http://www.televisionpost.com/television/viacom18-to-launch-hindi-music-channel-mtv-beats-mtv-indies-content-to-be-on-digital-platforms/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[VH1 (Indian TV channel)|VH1 India]] airs the international productions of MTV instead of airing them on MTV India, along with international music.<ref>{{cite web |title= MTV shutting down: Why channels that shaped music and youth culture are closing after 40 years |url=https://economictimes.com/news/new-updates/mtv-shutting-down-why-channels-that-shaped-music-and-youth-culture-are-closing-after-40-years/amp_articleshow/124542518.cms |website=Economic Times India |access-date=15 October 2025}}</ref>

== Programming ==
{{Further|List of programmes broadcast by MTV (India)}}
MTV has [[List of programmes broadcast by MTV (India)|numerous programs]], including [[MTV Splitsvilla]], [[MTV Dark Scroll]], [[MTV Hustle]] and [[Brave Combat Federation]].

==VJs==
===Former===
*[[Amrita Arora]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amrita-arora-just-took-us-back-to-the-90s-with-this-pic-1732575|title=Amrita Arora Just Took Us Back To The 90s With This Pic|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902183614/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/amrita-arora-just-took-us-back-to-the-90s-with-this-pic-1732575|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Anusha Dandekar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/anusha-dandekar-on-fashion-reality-tv-and-why-mtv-will-always-be-her-safe-space/article36708001.ece|title=Anusha Dandekar on fashion, reality TV, and why MTV will always be her ‘safe space’|first=Gautam|last=Sunder|date=28 September 2021|via=www.thehindu.com|access-date=5 January 2024|archive-date=8 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208125331/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/anusha-dandekar-on-fashion-reality-tv-and-why-mtv-will-always-be-her-safe-space/article36708001.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Ayushmann Khurrana]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jose-covaco-recalls-the-day-mtv-colleague-ayushmann-khurrana-decided-to-quit-tv-7958470/|title=Jose Covaco recalls the day MTV colleague Ayushmann Khurrana decided to quit TV to chase Bollywood dreams: ‘I’m going to f**king do it…’|date=8 June 2022|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211041412/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jose-covaco-recalls-the-day-mtv-colleague-ayushmann-khurrana-decided-to-quit-tv-7958470/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Gaelyn Mendonca]]
* [[Gurbani Judge|Bani J]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-bani-7.html|title=MTV India - VJs, Music, Videos, Blogs, Games, Wallpapers, Interviews, Performances, Shows, Fun and more - VJ - VJ Bani - Profile|date=4 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904125254/http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-bani-7.html|archive-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
* [[Baseer Ali]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/baseer-ali-on-roads-with-roadies-5166945/|title=Baseer Ali on hosting On Roads with Roadies: Consider myself lucky to get associated with Roadies once again|date=7 May 2018|access-date=5 January 2024|archive-date=6 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230906174320/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/baseer-ali-on-roads-with-roadies-5166945/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Benafsha Soonwalla<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.com/showbiz/benafsha-soonawalla-bigg-boss-11-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-mtv-vj-view-pics-2508675/|title=Benafsha Soonawalla Bigg Boss 11: This MTV VJ To Raise Temperatures On Salman Khan's Show|first=Leona|last=Nathan|date=1 October 2017|website=India.com|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902184535/https://www.india.com/showbiz/benafsha-soonawalla-bigg-boss-11-all-you-need-to-know-about-this-mtv-vj-view-pics-2508675/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Cyrus Broacha]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970811-cyrus-broacha-meet-the-mtv-veejay-with-the-coolest-show-in-town-831866-1997-08-10|title=Cyrus Broacha: Meet the MTV veejay with the coolest show in town|website=India Today|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211033533/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970811-cyrus-broacha-meet-the-mtv-veejay-with-the-coolest-show-in-town-831866-1997-08-10|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Cyrus Sahukar]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/cyrus-sahukar-debut-tv-show-mtv-fully-faltoo-first-of-many-7241219/|title=First of Many: Cyrus Sahukar revisits MTV Fully Faltoo|date=24 March 2021|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211053617/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/cyrus-sahukar-debut-tv-show-mtv-fully-faltoo-first-of-many-7241219/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Deepti Gujral<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-deepti-19.html|title=MTV India - VJs, Music, Videos, Blogs, Games, Wallpapers, Interviews, Performances, Shows, Fun and more - VJ - VJ Deepti - Profile|date=4 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110904011406/http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-deepti-19.html|archive-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>
*José Covaco<ref name="auto"/>
*[[Malaika Arora]]<ref name=Club>{{cite web |title=New VJs on the Block |url=http://www.screenindia.com/jun06/music.htm |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=14 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060326075110/http://www.screenindia.com/jun06/music.htm |archive-date=26 March 2006}}</ref>
*[[Maria Goretti (actress)|Maria Goretti]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan17/sunday/filmtv.htm|title=Tribuneindia... Film and tv|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902183615/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan17/sunday/filmtv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Mia Uyeda]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/city-times/mamma-mia-5|title=Mamma Mia!|first=David|last=Light|website=Khaleej Times|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211052717/https://www.khaleejtimes.com/city-times/mamma-mia-5|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Mini Mathur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000326/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401172702/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000326/spectrum/tv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Nafisa Joseph]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/july/july204.htm|title=Former MTV VJ Nafisa Joseph dead|date=30 July 2004|website=Indian Television Dot Com|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317051926/https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k4/july/july204.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Nikhil Chinapa]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Nikhil-Chinnappa/articleshow/30978726.cms|title=Nikhil Chinnappa - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=2 September 2019|archive-date=28 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190928103436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Nikhil-Chinnappa/articleshow/30978726.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Raageshwari Loomba]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan24/sunday/filmtv.htm|title=Tribuneindia... Film and tv|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=21 November 2021|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929230002/https://www.tribuneindia.com/1999/99jan24/sunday/filmtv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Ramona Arena<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/a-throwback-from-the-second-and-third-era-of-mtv-vjs-can-you-name-them-all-2471501|title=A Throwback From The "Second And Third Era Of MTV VJs." Can You Name Them All?|website=NDTV.com|access-date=5 January 2024|archive-date=24 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124174603/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/a-throwback-from-the-second-and-third-era-of-mtv-vjs-can-you-name-them-all-2471501|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Rannvijay Singha|Rannvijay Singh]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rannvijay-singha-on-quitting-roadies-splitsvilla-i-dont-regret-my-choices-8626810/|title=Rannvijay Singha on quitting Roadies, Splitsvilla: ‘I don’t regret my choices’|date=25 May 2023|access-date=5 January 2024|archive-date=28 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628164835/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/rannvijay-singha-on-quitting-roadies-splitsvilla-i-dont-regret-my-choices-8626810/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Rhea Chakraborty]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rhea-chakraborty-heats-up-the-action-in-bank-chor/articleshow/38802048.cms|title=Rhea Chakraborty heats up the action in Bank Chor! - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211041411/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/rhea-chakraborty-heats-up-the-action-in-bank-chor/articleshow/38802048.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Shenaz Treasury]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-what-shenaz-and-malaika-have-in-common/20091201.htm|title=What Shenaz and Malaika have in common|website=Rediff|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211041412/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-what-shenaz-and-malaika-have-in-common/20091201.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Siddharth Bhardwaj<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bigg-boss-5-siddharth-bhardwaj-splitsvilla-143437-2011-10-14|title=VJ Siddharth Bhardwaj enters Bigg Boss 5|website=India Today|access-date=11 December 2022|archive-date=11 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211041411/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bigg-boss-5-siddharth-bhardwaj-splitsvilla-143437-2011-10-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Sophie Choudry]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040111/spectrum/tv.htm|title=The Sunday Tribune - Spectrum - Television|website=www.tribuneindia.com|access-date=9 December 2022|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125022404/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2004/20040111/spectrum/tv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Sunanda Wong<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-sunanda-23.html|title=MTV India - VJs, Music, Videos, Blogs, Games, Wallpapers, Interviews, Performances, Shows, Fun and more - VJ - VJ Sunanda - Profile|date=3 September 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903142140/http://mtv.in.com/vjs/profile/vj-sunanda-23.html|archive-date=3 September 2011}}</ref>

==Awards==
{{div col}}
* Fully Faltoo Film Awards
* Lycra MTV Style Awards
* [[MTV Immies]]
* MTV VMAs
* MTV Hustle
* [[MTV Youth Icon of the Year]]
{{div col end}}

==MTV Fully Faltoo Films==
A series of spoof films under the banner of ''MTV Fully Faltoo Films'' were produced by MTV. The first film [[Ghoom (film)|Ghoom]], a spoof of the 2004 film [[Dhoom]] was released theatrically on 2 June 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-mtv-forays-into-fully-faltoo-films/story-CCCwkmMhqt0A5hVztBpDjL.html|title=Now, MTV forays into 'fully faltoo' films|date=May 22, 2006|access-date=February 6, 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207021504/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/now-mtv-forays-into-fully-faltoo-films/story-CCCwkmMhqt0A5hVztBpDjL.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/may/may227.htm|title=MTV India forays into films; spoofs 'Dhoom'|date=18 May 2006|access-date=6 February 2019|archive-date=7 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020311/http://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/may/may227.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Three more spoof films "Jadoo Ek Bar" ([[Jodhaa Akbar]]), "Bechaare Zameen Par" ([[Taare Zameen Par]]) and "Cheque De India" ([[Chak De! India]]) aired on MTV under "Fully Faltoo Film Festival" from 20 September 2008 to 4 October 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mtv-announces-fully-faltoo-film-festival-1189033|title=MTV announces 'Fully Faltoo Film Festival'|date=September 10, 2008|access-date=February 6, 2019|archive-date=19 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319192758/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-mtv-announces-fully-faltoo-film-festival-1189033|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.mtvindia.com}}

{{Network 18}}
{{MTV Networks}}
{{Paramount Global}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:MTV India}}
[[Category:Television stations in Mumbai]]
[[Category:MTV channels]]
[[Category:Music television channels in India|MTV_Beats]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1996]]
[[Category:Viacom18]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Jolly LLB 3

2026-04-26T17:52:06Z

LiveHi:

{{Short description|2025 Indian film by Subhash Kapoor}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Jolly LLB 3 poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Subhash Kapoor]]
| story =
| writer = Subhash Kapoor
| based_on =
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[Akshay Kumar]]
* [[Arshad Warsi]]
* [[Saurabh Shukla]]
* [[Amrita Rao]]
* [[Huma Qureshi]]
* [[Gajraj Rao]]
* [[Seema Biswas]]
}}
| producer = {{ubl|Alok Jain|[[Ajit Andhare]]}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = Rangarajan Ramabadran
| editing = Chandrashekhar Prajapati
| music = '''Songs:''' Aman Pant [[Anurag Saikia]] [[Vikram Montrose]] '''Score:''' Mangesh Dhakde
| studio = Kangra Talkies
| distributor = [[Star Studio18]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|09|19}}
| runtime = 157 minutes<ref>{{cite web |access-date=16 September 2025 |title=EXCLUSIVE: CBFC asks for minor changes in Akshay Kumar-Arshad Warsi starrer Jolly LLB 3; censors 'f****r' |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-cbfc-asks-minor-changes-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-starrer-jolly-llb-3-censors-fr |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=16 September 2025 }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR|120 crore}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Jolly LLB 3 Box Office Collection Day 12: Akshay-Arshad face-off keeps fans hooked, two Jollys deliver one blockbuster! |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/life/entertainment-jolly-llb-3-box-office-collection-day-12-akshay-arshad-face-off-keeps-fans-hooked-two-jollys-deliver-one-blockbuster-3995275/ |access-date=4 November 2025 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref>
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR|166.06 crore}}<ref name="box office"/>
}}

'''''Jolly LLB 3''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[Legal drama|legal]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by [[Subhash Kapoor]]. It is the third installment in the [[Jolly LLB (film series)|''Jolly LLB'' series]] and the sequel to ''[[Jolly LLB 2]].'' The film stars [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Arshad Warsi]] and [[Saurabh Shukla]], with [[Amrita Rao]] and [[Huma Qureshi]] all reprising their roles from the previous films.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=2 January 2024 |title=Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi collaborate for 'Jolly LLB 3' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsi-collaborate-for-jolly-llb-3/articleshow/106486587.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240109145645/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsi-collaborate-for-jolly-llb-3/articleshow/106486587.cms |archive-date=9 January 2024 |access-date=19 November 2024 |website=Times of India}}</ref>

The film was released on 19 September 2025, and received generally positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi starrer Jolly LLB 3 release date locked for September 19, 2025 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-starrer-jolly-llb-3-release-date-locked-september-19-2025/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref> It was an average performer at the box-office.

== Plot ==
The film begins with a preamble stating it is based on the real-life [[2011 land acquisition protests in Uttar Pradesh|Bhatta Parsaul protests]]. The story opens in [[Bikaner]], [[Rajasthan]], where Rajaram Solanki, an elderly farmer and poet, loses his land to local developer Raghunath Bharadwaj through forged mortgage documents. Despite his daughter-in-law Varsha’s protests, the legal system ignores her for gender prejudice. Devastated, Rajaram writes a final poem and commits suicide.

A few years later, the two "Jollys" - [[Jolly LLB|Jagdish Tyagi]] (from Meerut) and [[Jolly LLB 2|Jagdishwar Mishra]] (from Kanpur) are both practicing as advocates in Delhi. Their identical nicknames cause constant friction and professional rivalry. When an NGO representing 40 protesting farmers from Parsaul approaches Tyagi, he spitefully redirects them to Mishra, believing the case to be a low-paying burden. However, Tyagi’s wife Sandhya, an activist, later convinces him to take up the case for Janki, Rajaram’s widow, [[pro bono]].

The conflict centers on industrialist Haribhai Khaitan’s "Bikaner to [[Boston]]" project, a massive infrastructure plan supported by MLA Iqbal Singh Shekhawat and DM Avik Sengupta. To suppress the legal challenge, Khaitan’s aide Shrivastav hires Mishra to represent the corporation. The case is presided over by Justice Sunderlal Tripathi, who is exasperated to find both Jollys in his courtroom again. Mishra initially wins a dismissal of Janki’s complaint, earning him a lucrative position within Khaitan’s circle.

However, a confrontation with Janki changes Mishra’s perspective. He learns that Khaitan had previously tried to bribe Janki to silence her. When she refused, Khaitan’s machinery spread malicious rumors of an [[Affair|extramarital affair]] between Rajaram and Varsha, leading to Varsha’s suicide. Stricken by guilt and encouraged by his wife Pushpa, Mishra switches sides. In a symbolic act of defiance, the two Jollys disrupt a corporate car race on the project’s new racetrack using camels.

The case is reopened as Tyagi and Mishra join forces to represent Janki and the 40 villagers. Khaitan retaliates by flying in elite London-based lawyer Vikram Ray Chaudhary. During the proceedings, the Jollys' lack of polish initially makes their case crumble, but Justice Tripathi, citing the [[Letter and spirit of the law|spirit of the law]], grants them an extension to fix their affidavits.

Tensions escalate outside the courtroom. The district administration attempts to forcibly clear Parsaul. While the Jollys advocate for [[Satyagraha]], MLA Shekhawat orchestrates a [[False flag]] operation, having a sniper shoot DM Sengupta to justify a police massacre. The resulting violence leaves nine villagers dead and Tyagi severely injured.

In the final hearing, Vikram Ray Chaudhary delivers a technocratic defense, arguing that for India to become a global power, the judiciary must protect industrialists and that the poor must make "sacrifices" for progress. Mishra counters by exposing the "Bikaner to Boston" project as a financial scam, funded by high-risk loans from [[Public sector banks in India|nationalized banks]] and supported by biased economic reports. He details how Khaitan uses middle-men like Bharadwaj to defraud farmers.

The climax occurs when Tyagi enters the court with a surprise witness: DM Sengupta. Having survived the assassination attempt, Sengupta testifies about the bribes he received and confirms the bullet that hit him came from Shekhawat’s rifle. Tyagi delivers a scathing closing argument, showing photos of the homes of the wealthy elite and asking why their properties are never "sacrificed" for national progress.

Justice Tripathi rules in favor of the farmers, declaring the land acquisition illegal under the [[Land acquisition act]]. He orders a judicial inquiry into the deaths and the police violence. The film concludes with the Jollys being celebrated by the villagers to the chants of "[[Jai Jawan Jai Kisan]]" (Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer) and asks viewers to thank farmers for their next meal.

==Cast==
{{castlist|
* [[Akshay Kumar]] as [[Advocate]] Jagdishwar "Jolly" Mishra
* [[Arshad Warsi]] as [[Advocate]] Jagdish "Jolly" Tyagi
* [[Saurabh Shukla]] as [[Judge]] Sunder Lal Tripathi
* [[Amrita Rao]] as Sandhya Tyagi
* [[Huma Qureshi]] as Pushpa Mishra
* [[Seema Biswas]] as Janki Rajaram Solanki
* [[Gajraj Rao]] as Haribhai Khaitan
* Robin Das as Rajaram Solanki
* [[Ram Kapoor]] as [[Advocate]] Vikram Rai Chaudhary
* [[Avijit Dutt]] as Dr. Milind Desai
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as [[District magistrate|DM]] Avik Sengupta
* [[Shilpa Shukla]] as Inspector Chanchal Chautala
* [[Sushil Pandey]] as Raghunath Bhardwaj
* [[Brijendra Kala]] as [[Advocate]] Jawed
* Shubhrajyoti Barat as Rajendra Chowdhary, Tahsildar-cum-Executive Magistrate
* Raman Atre as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] Iqbal Singh Shekhawat
* Shrikant Verma as Shrivastav
* [[Vibha Chibber]] as [[Judge]] Poonam Aggarwal
* [[Sarah Hashmi]] as Varsha Solanki
* Rajshree Sawant as Laxmi, NGO head
}}

== Production ==
===Development ===
The film was originally announced in February 2017 following the success of ''[[Jolly LLB 2]]''.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=23 February 2017 |title=Fox Star confirms Jolly LLB 3 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/fox-star-confirms-jolly-llb-3/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=23 February 2017 }}</ref> However, due to scripting work, the shooting was delayed.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=8 June 2023 |title=Arshad Warsi confirms sharing screen space with Akshay Kumar in Jolly LLB 3; says, "Jolly LLB 3 with Akshay is happening" |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/arshad-warsi-confirms-sharing-screen-space-akshay-kumar-jolly-llb-3-says-jolly-llb-3-akshay-happening/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=8 June 2023 }}</ref> [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Saurabh Shukla]], [[Amrita Rao]] and [[Huma Qureshi]] all reprise their roles from the previous two films.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Huma Qureshi joins 'Jolly LLB 3' cast with Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/huma-qureshi-jolly-llb-3-cast-akshay-kumar-pushpa-pandey-2536592-2024-05-08 |magazine=India Today |date=8 May 2024 |access-date=14 May 2024 |archive-date=9 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240509084758/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/huma-qureshi-jolly-llb-3-cast-akshay-kumar-pushpa-pandey-2536592-2024-05-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> It marks the film comeback of Amrita Rao after six years.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Amrita Rao joins star cast of Jolly LLB 3 alongside Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amrita-rao-joins-star-cast-jolly-llb-3-alongside-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi/ |magazine=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024 |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609084758/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/news/bollywood/amrita-rao-joins-star-cast-jolly-llb-3-alongside-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Filming===
[[Principal photography]] began on 2 May 2024.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=2 May 2024 |title=Pics: Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi begin 'Jolly LLB 3' shoot in Ajmer |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-begin-jolly-llb-3-shoot-in-ajmer-2534271-2024-05-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502084758/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/bollywood/story/akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-begin-jolly-llb-3-shoot-in-ajmer-2534271-2024-05-02 |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=2 May 2024 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |date=2 May 2024 |title=It's Akshay Kumar vs Arshad Warsi as Jolly LLB 3 shoot begins |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/its-akshay-kumar-vs-arshad-warsi-as-jolly-llb-3-shoot-begins-watch-new-video-9303492/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502084758/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/its-akshay-kumar-vs-arshad-warsi-as-jolly-llb-3-shoot-begins-watch-new-video-9303492/ |archive-date=2 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |magazine=The Indian Express}}</ref> Filming took place in [[Rajasthan]], primarily in [[Ajmer]], which was wrapped in May 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2024 |title=Jolly LLB 3: Bloody Akshay Kumar Wraps Rajasthan Schedule With Arshad Warsi. Drops Video Riding On A Bike |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/jolly-llb-3-bloody-akshay-kumar-wraps-rajasthan-schedule-with-arshad-warsi-drops-video-riding-on-a-bike-article-110234576 |access-date=19 May 2024 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 May 2024 |title=Jolly LLB 3: Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi go on a bike ride covered in blood as schedule comes to a wrap in Rajasthan, watch 3 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jolly-llb-3-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-go-bike-ride-covered-blood-schedule-comes-wrap-rajasthan-watch/ |access-date=19 May 2024 |language=en |archive-date=18 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518230008/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jolly-llb-3-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-go-bike-ride-covered-blood-schedule-comes-wrap-rajasthan-watch/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2024 |title='Jolly LLB 3': Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi wrap up the Rajasthan schedule with a fun BTS video - Watch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jolly-llb-3-akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsi-wrap-up-the-rajasthan-schedule-with-a-fun-bts-video-watch/articleshow/110234020.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518144437/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jolly-llb-3-akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsi-wrap-up-the-rajasthan-schedule-with-a-fun-bts-video-watch/articleshow/110234020.cms |archive-date=18 May 2024 |access-date=19 May 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Another filming took place in [[Mumbai]], where extensive courtroom sequences were shot before moving to [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Filming wrapped up on 16 July 2024.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

== Marketing ==
The teaser was released on 12 August 2025 and showed a [[courtroom]] [[face-off]] between the two Jollys.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2025 |title='Jolly LLB 3' teaser: Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi's hilarious face-off in the courtroom leaves judge saurabh shukla in trouble|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jolly-llb-3-teaser-akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsis-hilarious-face-off-in-the-courtroom-leaves-judge-saurabh-shukla-in-trouble/articleshow/123252771.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=12 August 2025}}</ref> The trailer was launched at an event in [[Kanpur]] on 10 September 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akshay Kumar's 'Gutka Nahi Khana Chahiye' Remark At Jolly LLB 3 Launch In Kanpur Goes Viral {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/akshay-kumars-gutka-nahi-khana-chahiye-remark-at-jolly-llb-3-launch-in-kanpur-goes-viral-watch-ws-kl-9564915.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

The film was promoted on [[Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) season 19|''Bigg Boss 19'']], ''[[The Great Indian Kapil Show]]'' and ''[[Aap Ki Adalat]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LLB 3 Stars Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi Praise Amaal Mallik On Salman Khan's Bigg Boss 19 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/television/jolly-llb-3-stars-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-praise-amaal-mallik-on-salman-khans-bigg-boss-19-ws-l-9570727.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-16 |title=Akshay Kumar roasts Kapil Sharma in finale episode of The Great Indian Kapil Show; fans say 'this will be too much fun' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/akshay-kumar-roasts-kapil-sharma-in-finale-episode-of-the-great-indian-kapil-show-fans-say-this-will-be-too-much-fun-101757999418505.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='When I Failed In Seventh Standard…': Akshay Kumar Reveals Secrets On Aap Ki Adalat {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/when-i-failed-in-seventh-standard-akshay-kumar-reveals-secrets-on-aap-ki-adalat-watch-9583619.html |access-date=2025-09-20 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Jolly LLB 3
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Aman Pant, [[Anurag Saikia]] and [[Vikram Montrose]]
| released = 17 September 2025
| recorded =
| studio = [[Panorama Studios|Panorama Music]]
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=12|s=44}}
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Panorama Studios|Panorama Music]]
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|0E8UMjXtRY4&pp|Official Audio Jukebox}}
}}}}
The songs of the film were composed by Aman Pant, [[Anurag Saikia]] and [[Vikram Montrose]] while the [[film score]] was composed by Mangesh Dhakde.

The first single titled "Bhai Vakeel Hai" was released on 20 August 2025.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=20 August 2025 |title=Bhai Vakeel Hai (From "Jolly LLB 3") |url=https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=P-TrkpJR4vo&si=flb99gpCfnvp41m5 |website=YouTube Music}}</ref> The second single titled "Glass Uchhi Rakhey" was released on 30 August 2025.{{Citation needed|date=November 2025}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 12:44
| title1 = Bhai Vakeel Hai
| music1 = Aman Pant
| lyrics1 = Pardhaan, Akhil Tiwari
| extra1 = Aman Pant, KD Desirock, Akhil Tiwari
| length1 = 2:25
| title2 = Glass Uchhi Rakhey
| music2 = [[Vikram Montrose]]
| lyrics2 = Meggha Bali, Karan Kapadia
| extra2 = Meggha Bali, Channa Ghuman, Karan Kapadia, Vikram Montrose
| length2 = 3:05
| title3 = Ichakdana
| lyrics3 = Pardhaan, Akhil Tiwari
| music3 = Aman Pant
| extra3 = [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]], Akhil Tiwari, Pardhaan, Rajath Krishnan
| length3 = 3:11
| title4 = Hua Na
| extra4 = [[Papon (singer)|Papon]]
| music4 = [[Anurag Saikia]]
| lyrics4 = Puneet Sharma
| length4 = 4:03
}}

== Release ==
=== Theatrical ===
The [[Central Board of Film Certification]] (CBFC) gave the film a U/A certificate with a 16+ rating and asked for some modifications to be made for certain dialogues and visuals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LLB 3: Police Assaulting An Old Man Scene Changed, Makers Granted U/A Certificate |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/bollywood/jolly-llb-3-police-assaulting-an-old-man-scene-changed-makers-granted-u-a-certificate-ws-l-9577269.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> The film briefly faced a dispute with [[PVR INOX]] over the [[Virtual Print Fee]] (VPF). While the producers maintained that an existing agreement exempted its films from such charges, PVR INOX allegedly sought a payment of approximately ₹3.5 crore shortly before release and temporarily halted advance bookings. The issue was resolved after the producers agreed to the payment and ticket sales were subsequently restored.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-18 |title=Jolly LLB 3: Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi Film's Advance Booking Begins After VPF Issues With Multiplex - Report |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/jolly-llb-3-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-films-advance-booking-begins-after-vpf-issues-with-multiplex-report-article-152847664 |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Exclusive: Late night showdown – Jolly LLB 3 team pays VPF under protest; Akshay Kumar joins talks |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-late-night-showdown-jolly-llb-3-team-pays-vpf-protest-akshay-kumar-joins-talks/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |language=en}}</ref> The film was theatrically released on 19 September 2025 with the same date for North America and International release by [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]].<ref>{{cite web |access-date=22 March 2025 |title=Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi starrer 'Jolly LLB 3' release date out |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-jolly-llb-3-release-date-out/article69360955.ece |website=The Hindu |date=22 March 2025 }}</ref>

Multiple [[Public interest litigation in India|public interest litigations]] (PILs) were filled against the film, alleging that its trailer and the song "Bhai Vakeel Hai" mocked the judiciary and defamed the legal profession. However, the [[Allahabad High Court]] dismissed a plea to stay the film’s release, stating that it found nothing objectionable in the lyrics or trailer, while the [[Bombay High Court]] also rejected a similar petition, observing that judges are accustomed to criticism and not affected by satire. The [[Madhya Pradesh High Court]] issued notices over the song but no ban was imposed, and overall the courts held that the complaints did not meet the threshold of defamation or contempt.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-18 |title=Mumbai's high court dismissed a plea against 'Jolly LLB 3' movie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbais-high-court-dismissed-a-plea-against-jolly-llb-3-movie/articleshow/123953019.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com |access-date=2025-09-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-18 |title=HC dismisses PIL against Jolly LLB 3, says judges not affected by satire |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/hc-dismisses-pil-against-jolly-llb-3-says-judges-not-affected-by-satire-101758137416494.html |access-date=2025-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

===Home media===
The film [[Streaming media|digital streaming rights]] were acquired by [[Netflix]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2025 |title=Jolly LLB 3 OTT release: When and where to watch Akshay Kumar and Arshad Warsi's courtroom drama online |url=https://www.digit.in/news/entertainment/jolly-llb-3-ott-release-when-and-where-to-watch-akshay-kumar-and-arshad-warsis-courtroom-drama-online.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Digit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=30 October 2025 |title=Jolly LLB 3 OTT release: When to expect Netflix Akshay Kumar-Arshad Warsi's courtroom drama movie online? |url=https://www.livemint.com/entertainment/jolly-llb-3-ott-release-when-to-expect-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsis-courtroom-drama-movie-online-11760529397363.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> It began streaming on the platform from 14 November 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Das |first1=Santanu |title=Jolly LLB 3 OTT release date: When and where to watch Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi's film |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jolly-llb-3-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsis-film-netflix-101763028926115.html |access-date=14 November 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=13 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
===Critical reception===
Chirag Sehgal of ''[[Network18 Group|News18]]'' rated the film 4 stars out of 5 and wrote "Jolly LLB 3 is a fine example of how cinema can tackle pressing social issues with humour, without ever diluting their seriousness. The film seamlessly balances comedy and gravity, making the narrative both thought-provoking and highly entertaining. With its sharp writing and powerful performances, the film delivers a complete cinematic experience. It is pure entertainment and a must watch."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LLB 3 Review: Akshay-Arshad Bring Pure Entertainment, But Saurabh Shukla Steals The Show |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/reviews/jolly-llb-3-review-akshay-arshad-bring-pure-entertainment-but-saurabh-shukla-steals-the-show-ws-l-9582093.html |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> Lachmi Deb Roy of ''[[Firstpost]]'' rated the film 4 stars out of 5 and wrote "On the whole, Jolly LLB 3 just like the previous two parts may not be as humorous, but recreates the charm and intensity that made the franchise iconic."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title='Jolly LLB 3' Movie Review: Akshay Kumar-Arshad Warsi will make you laugh, but Seema Biswas & Saurabh Shukla are the real show stealers |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/jolly-llb-3-movie-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-will-make-you-laugh-but-seema-biswas-saurabh-shukla-are-the-real-show-stealers-13934997.html |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "On the whole, Jolly LLB 3 entertains with its humour, emotions, hard-hitting dialogues, and drama in ample doses. Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi, and Saurabh Shukla steal the show, while the climax would be greeted with applause."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Jolly LLB 3 Movie Review: Jolly LLB 3 entertains with humour, emotions, dialogues, and drama. |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jolly-llb-3/critic-review/jolly-llb-3-movie-review/jolly-llb-3-entertains-with-humour-emotions-dialogues-and-drama/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |language=en}}</ref> Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Jolly LLB 3 remains an engaging ride that keeps you entertained with its mix of courtroom drama and comic splits."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly LLB 3 Movie Review: An entertaining ride of courtroom drama and comedy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jolly-llb-3/movie-review/123989128.cms |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Akshay and Arshad's crowd-pleasing performances, powered by Shukla's winning presence, makes 'Jolly LLB 3' a hearty big-screen watch. It may not be the most refined courtroom drama, but it proves why this franchise continues to matter. 'Jolly LLB 3' makes you laugh, think, and cheer, all at the same time."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Vineeta |date=2025-09-19 |title=Jolly LLB 3 review: Akshay-Arshad bring charm but Saurabh Shukla owns the courtroom |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/jolly-llb-3-movie-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-bring-charm-but-saurabh-shukla-owns-the-courtroom-2789835-2025-09-19 |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' rated the film 3.5 stars out of 5 and wrote "Overall, Jolly LLB 3 may not outshine the first two films, but it keeps the courtroom drama spirit alive with enough laughs and solid performances to make it a worthy addition to the series."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Jolly LLB 3 review: Akshay Kumar-Arshad Warsi are first-rate in courtroom drama; Saurabh Shukla steals the limelight |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/jolly-llb-3-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-are-first-rate-in-courtroom-drama-saurabh-shukla-steals-the-limelight-101758248331011.html |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Tanmayi Savadi of ''[[Times Now]]'' rated the film 3 stars out of 5 and wrote "Jolly LLB 3 has the potential to be a clean and happy family entertainer. Slightly inclined towards preachy, it picks up soon and rectifies before ending up as a complete shipwreck."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Jolly LLB 3 Movie Review: Saurabh Shukla Hits The Final Nail In Akshay Kumar- Arshad Warsi's Courtroom Drama |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/reviews/jolly-llb-3-movie-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-amrita-rao-starrer-jolly-llb-3-movie-imdb-rating-review-152849445 |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated the film 2 stars out of 5 and wrote "I really enjoyed Jolly LLB part 2. But in this one, the story-telling is at its most basic, and it is far and away the weakest part of the franchise."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-19 |title=Jolly LLB 3 movie review: Akshay Kumar, Arshad Warsi combine forces to deliver the weakest film of franchise |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/jolly-llb-3-movie-review-akshay-kumar-arshad-warsi-combine-forces-to-deliver-weakest-film-of-franchise-10258834/ |access-date=2025-09-19 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

===Box office===
{{As of|2025|11|11}}, ''Jolly LLB 3'' has grossed {{INRConvert|166.06|c}} worldwide.<ref name="box office">{{Cite web |title=Jolly LLB 3 Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jolly-llb-3/box-office/ |access-date=25 January 2026 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|27996020}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|Jolly-LLB-3}}

{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

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Prakash Soren

2026-04-20T08:38:36Z

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{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Prakash Soren
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Prakash Soren
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Prakash Soren''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[Baripada Assembly constituency|Baripada]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Prakash Soren Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=983 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Baripada Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Prakash Soren of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/baripada-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8917235.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Elections 2024: Baripada Constituency result |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/odisha/odisha-assembly-elections-2024-baripada-constituency-result-3009657 |website=Deccan Herald |publisher=DH Web Desk |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Election Result 2024: Full list of winners |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/odisha-assembly-election-result-2024-full-list-of-winners/3511557/ |website=Financial Express |publisher=India News Desk |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Soren, Prakash}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kusumba Assembly constituency

2026-04-17T00:47:17Z

LiveHi: Created New Pg

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kusumba
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhule Lok Sabha constituency|Dhule]]
| constituency_no =
| established = 1962
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''[[Kusumba]]''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the constituencies of [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]], in [[India]]. It was a segment of [[Dhule Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kusumba Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/kusumba-maharashtra-assembly-constituency |access-date= |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref> Kusumba seat existed until the 2004 elections after which it was succeeded by [[Dhule Rural Assembly constituency]] seat in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |accessdate=12 October 2017 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225084439/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archivedate=25 February 2009 }}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| rowspan="2" |Rohidas Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|-
|[[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Dattatray Patil
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="4" |Rohidas Patil
|-
|[[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
|[[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| colspan="4" |{{Center|''2009 onwards : See [[Dhule Rural Assembly constituency|Dhule Rural]]''}}
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 80,419 |percentage = 55.26% |change={{increase}}7.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof.Patil Sharad Madhavrao |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 41,122 |percentage = 28.26% |change={{increase}}24.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vinayak Valchand Shinde |party=Independent politician |votes = 19,553 |percentage = 13.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shinde Ramdas Chanda |party=Lok Janshakti Party |votes = 1,381 |percentage = 0.95% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ad. Ramesh Chaitram Shinde |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,287 |percentage = 0.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 39,297 |percentage = 27.01% |change= {{increase}}26.56 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,45,534 |percentage = 70.49% |change= {{increase}}8.96 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,45,516}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,06,474|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.67 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.22 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 48,147 |percentage = 48.05% |change={{increase}}0.00 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gajanan Narayan Patil |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 47,702 |percentage = 47.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jadhav Dayaram Vishram |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 3,576 |percentage = 3.57% |change={{increase}}0.75 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 445 |percentage = 0.44% |change= {{decrease}}2.53 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,06,156 |percentage = 61.53% |change= {{decrease}}2.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,00,203}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,72,532|ref = |change= {{increase}}3.01 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}0.00 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 51,710 |percentage = 48.05% |change={{decrease}}19.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gajanan Narayan Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 48,510 |percentage = 45.07% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Thakare Madhukar Krishnaji |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 3,038 |percentage = 2.82% |change={{decrease}}13.70 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhamare Pramilabai Bhaskar |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,350 |percentage = 1.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhil Vishnu Bhagwan |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,214 |percentage = 1.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Prof. Ravandale Dhanraj Vedu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,078 |percentage = 1.00% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,200 |percentage = 2.97% |change= {{decrease}}47.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,12,293 |percentage = 67.05% |change= {{decrease}}1.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,07,624}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,67,484|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.72 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}19.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 64,742 |percentage = 67.47% |change={{increase}}4.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khairnar Gulabrao Jayvantrao |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 15,857 |percentage = 16.53% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jaiswal Sanjay Durgadin (Dhabuseth) |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,402 |percentage = 5.63% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sadashiv Shankar Mali |party=Independent politician |votes = 4,377 |percentage = 4.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Hiraman Appa Gavali |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,772 |percentage = 2.89% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Jagatrao Sanwpne |party=Janata Dal |votes = 1,221 |percentage = 1.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 48,885 |percentage = 50.95% |change= {{increase}}21.69 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 98,298 |percentage = 67.33% |change= {{increase}}11.35 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 95,955}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,45,991|ref = |change= {{increase}}20.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}4.24 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Dattatray Waman Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 41,835 |percentage = 63.23% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chaudhari Hiraman Ratan |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 22,477 |percentage = 33.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,358 |percentage = 29.26% |change= {{increase}}26.71 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 68,156 |percentage = 56.02% |change= {{decrease}}11.79 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 66,162}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,21,664|ref = |change= {{increase}}9.93 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}11.96 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 37,550 |percentage = 51.27% |change={{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhamare Ramrao Sitaram |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 35,684 |percentage = 48.73% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,866 |percentage = 2.55% |change= {{decrease}}24.26 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 75,612 |percentage = 68.32% |change= {{decrease}}0.71 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 73,234}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,676|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.00 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{increase}}4.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Kusumba<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Rohidas Chudaman Patil |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 31,873 |percentage = 46.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mali Sadashiv Shankar |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,498 |percentage = 19.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Dasharath Parbat |party=Janata Party |votes = 10,748 |percentage = 15.68% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Ekanath Punjaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,231 |percentage = 9.09% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Zulal Bhilajirao |party=Peasants and Workers Party of India |votes = 2,628 |percentage = 3.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Masule Mansaram Haibat |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,543 |percentage = 3.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Malojirao Desharath |party=Independent politician |votes = 717 |percentage = 1.05% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,375 |percentage = 26.81% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,754 |percentage = 70.02% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 68,541}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,02,480|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.020|72.843|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kusumba Assembly constituency}}
[[Category:Dhule district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]

Ichhawar Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:49:44Z

LiveHi: Created New Pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Ichhawar
| type = SLA
| map_image = 158-Ichhawar.svg
| mla = [[Karan Singh Verma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Shailendra Patel]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Sehore district|Sehore]]
| established = 1977
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 158
| loksabha_cons = [[Vidisha Lok Sabha constituency|Vidisha]]
}}

'''Ichhawar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 230 [[Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is part of [[Sehore District]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

=== Bhopal Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Election
!Name
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Kesarimal Jain
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

=== Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Election
!Member<ref name="election2018-2">{{cite web|title=(Madhya Pradesh) Assembly Constituency Elections|url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/ichhawar.html|website=elections.in|access-date=24 May 2018}}</ref>
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Narayan Prasad Gupta
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Hari Charan Verma
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan=6|[[Karan Singh Verma]]
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| [[Shailendra Patel]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Karan Singh Verma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ichhawar<ref name="election2023">{{Cite web |title=Madhya Pradesh General Legislative Election 2023 Statistical Report |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Karan Singh Verma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:103205}}
|percentage = 52.59
|change = +2.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Shailendra Patel]]
|votes = {{formatnum:86859}}
|percentage = 44.26
|change = +3.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1322}}
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.33
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:16346}}
|percentage = 8.33
|change = -0.91
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:196233}}
|percentage = 87.15
|change = +0.72
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Ichhawar<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Karan Singh Verma]]
|votes = {{formatnum:87134}}
|percentage = 50.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Shailendra Patel]]
|votes = {{formatnum:71173}}
|percentage = 41.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Kunvar Tulasiram Patel
|votes = {{formatnum:5193}}
|percentage = 3.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Rajesh Jangde
|votes = {{formatnum:2307}}
|percentage = 1.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1723}}
|percentage = 1.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:15961}}
|percentage = 9.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:172826}}
|percentage = 86.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|M. P. Legislative Assembly Election, 2013]]: Ichhawar<ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Shailendra Patel]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 74704
|percentage = 46.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Karan Singh Kanhaiyalal
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 73,960
|percentage = 46.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Shailendra Ramcharan Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 2,246
|percentage = 1.40
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Anokhi Lal
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 1,776
|percentage = 1.11
|change = N/A
}}

{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Narendra Singh Mandoliya
|party = ABGP
|votes = 1,463
|percentage = 0.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ajab Singh Mewada
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,109
|percentage = 0.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Shailendra Radheshyam Patel
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1,088
|percentage = 0.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Mahendra Kumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 470
|percentage = 0.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Shivram Parmar
|party = PRSP
|votes = 469
|percentage = 0.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Naveen
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 414
|percentage = 0.26
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Umaraosingh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 293
|percentage = 0.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Karan Singh Bulaki
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 221
|percentage = 0.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1,989
|percentage = 1.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes = 744
|percentage = 0.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 160202
|percentage = 84.68
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Ichhawar]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.03|77.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Vidisha district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1977]]
[[Category:1977 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

James (2022 film)

2026-04-15T01:28:44Z

LiveHi: Created New Entry

{{short description|Indian action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = James
| image = James 2022 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]]
| producer = Kishore Pathikonda
| writer = Chethan Kumar
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Puneeth Rajkumar]]|[[Priya Anand]]}}
| narrator =
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] '''Score:''' [[V. Harikrishna]]
| cinematography = Swamy J. Gowda
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| studio = Kishore Productions
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|03|17}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = {{INR}}50–70 crore<ref name=":0" />
| gross = {{estimation}}{{INR}}151 crore<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=15 October 2022 |title=Kantara box office: Rishab Shetty's film is 6th biggest Kannada movie ever. See who else is on the list |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/kantara-box-office-rishab-shetty-s-film-is-6th-biggest-kannada-movie-see-list-101665820758483.html}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title='KGF2' to 'Vikrant Rona', 5 Pan-India Kannada Films that shocked the Indian box-office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kgf2-to-vikrant-rona-5-pan-india-kannada-films-that-shocked-the-indian-box-office/etphotostory/93181142.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |date=20 October 2022 |title=Kantara box office collection: Rishab Shetty's film overtakes Kiccha Sudeep's Vikrant Rona, is now third-highest grossing Kannada film ever |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/regional/kantara-box-office-collection-rishab-shetty-vikrant-rona-8219995/lite/}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |title=Kantara box office collection: Film beats Vikrant Rona to become third-highest-grossing Kannada movie |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-kantara-box-office-collection-beats-vikrant-rona-to-become-third-highest-grossing-kannada-film-2994235}}</ref>
}}

'''''James''''' is a 2022 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]] and produced by Kishore Pathikonda under Kishore Productions.<ref name="timesofindia.com">{{Cite news |last=K |first=Chethan |title='James' is a fresh movie in Kannada film industry: Director Chethan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/james-is-a-fresh-movie-in-kannada-film-industry-director-chethan-kumar/articleshow/74654666.cms |access-date=19 March 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film stars [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] in his posthumous film and [[Priya Anand]] alongside [[R. Sarathkumar]], [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Anu Prabhakar]], [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]], [[Mukesh Rishi]], [[Adithya Menon]], [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]], [[Sadhu Kokila]], [[Chikkanna]] and [[John Kokken]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 November 2021 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's last feature film James to release on his birth anniversary? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajkumars-last-feature-film-james-to-release-on-his-birth-anniversary/articleshow/87462068.cms |access-date=5 November 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film also marks the second collaboration between Puneeth Rajkumar, Priya Anand and Sarathkumar after ''[[Raajakumara]]''.<ref name="newindianexpress">{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar-starrer James to start rolling from January 19 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/jan/07/puneeth-rajkumar-starrer-james-to-start-rolling-from-january-19-2085909.html |access-date=19 March 2020 |website=newindianexpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2020 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar-Starrer James Is All Set To Go On Floors From January 19 |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2020/puneeth-rajkumar-starrer-james-is-all-set-to-go-on-floors-from-january-19-293774.html |access-date=19 March 2020 |website=Filmibeat}}</ref> The score and soundtrack were composed by [[V. Harikrishna]] and [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]], while the cinematography and editing were handled by Swamy. J. Gowda and Deepu. S. Kumar.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Puneeth Rajkumar was a great source of encouragement' | Cinemaexpress |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/mar/02/puneeth-rajkumar-was-a-great-source-of-encouragement-30028.amp |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=3 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503110005/https://m.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/interviews/2022/mar/02/puneeth-rajkumar-was-a-great-source-of-encouragement-30028.amp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

''James'' was theatrically released on 17 March 2022 on the occasion of Puneeth Rajkumar's birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's 'James' Released: Fans Celebrate the Late Actor on His Birth Anniversary |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/puneeth-rajkumar-s-james-released-fans-celebrate-the-late-actor-on-his-birth-anniversary-news-187277/amp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=James Movie Twitter Reaction: Puneeth Rajkumar's fans applaud his last film |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/trending/box-office/story/james-movie-twitter-reaction-puneeth-rajkumars-fans-applaud-his-last-film-326360-2022-03-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=James Box Office Collection Day 1: Puneeth Rajkumar's last film to set new records |url=https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/james-box-office-collection-day-1?amp32 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503145538/https://en.janbharattimes.com/entertainment/james-box-office-collection-day-1?amp32 |archive-date=3 May 2022 |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆಫೀಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಧೂಳೆಬ್ಬಿಸಿದ ಅಪ್ಪು 'ಜೇಮ್ಸ್'… ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಡೇ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್ ಬರೋಬ್ಬರಿ 32 ಕೋಟಿ |url=https://www.btvnewslive.com/james-movie-first-day-collection-is-32-crore/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318124757/https://www.btvnewslive.com/james-movie-first-day-collection-is-32-crore/ |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's posthumous release James records highest single day footfall for a Kannada movie – details inside |url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/kannada-cinema/puneeth-rajkumars-posthumous-release-james-records-highest-single-day-footfall-for-a-kannada-movie-details-inside-article-90353700/amp}}</ref> The film grossed ₹100 crore within 4 days of release and became [[List of highest-grossing Kannada films|the second highest-grossing Kannada film]] at the time of release, whilst also becoming the fastest Kannada film to gross ₹100 crores at the box office at that time only to be surpassed by ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 2]]'' in less than a month.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Puneeth Rajumar's James crosses 100 Cr mark in just four days – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajumars-james-crosses-100-cr-mark-in-just-four-days/articleshow/90357888.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |title=James box office collection Day 5: Puneeth Rajkumar's film rakes in Rs 100 crore worldwide |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/james-box-office-collection-day-5-puneeth-rajkumar-s-film-rakes-in-rs-100-crore-worldwide-1927865-2022-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=James box office collection Day 6: Puneeth Rajkumar's film holds steady |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/james-box-office-collection-day-6-puneeth-rajkumar-s-film-holds-steady-1928343-2022-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yash's KGF Chapter 2 grosses Rs 134.5 crore on its opening day, off to a phenomenal start |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/yash-s-kgf-chapter-2-grosses-rs-134-5-crore-on-its-opening-day-off-to-a-phenomenal-start-1937869-2022-04-15}}</ref> It was also the second Kannada film to gross ₹100 crore in Karnataka with the first being ''[[K.G.F: Chapter 1]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2022 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's 'James' becomes second Kannada movie to gross Rs 100 crore in Karnataka |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/puneeth-rajkumars-james-becomes-second-kannada-movie-to-gross-rs-100-crore-in-karnataka-1097510.html}}</ref>

== Plot ==
In [[India]], the crime syndicate is divided into three groups: Golden Horse owned by Joseph Anthony, who is operating in [[Miami]]; Scorpion owned by Rathanlal, operating in [[West Bengal]]; Gayakwad, owned by Jayadev Gayakwad, Jayadev's son Vijay Gayakwad and Vijay's friend Pratap Aras, operating in [[Bangalore]]. Vijay is embroiled in a life-threatening situation when unknown assailants sent by Joseph killed Jayadev. Joseph had learned from an informer that Vijay was behind the death of his brothers John, Peter, and Robin and had also sent his son Vicky into a [[coma]].

After realizing that his family is also in danger, Vijay and Pratap appoints Santhosh Kumar, the manager of J-Wings [[security agency]], as his bodyguard due to his skills and tactics in handling his assignments. Santhosh helps Vijay in his business dealings, while also having Rathanlal and his sons killed when they tries to conquer Gayakwad. Vijay requests Santhosh to protect his sister Nisha Gayakwad, who has returned to India after completing her medical studies from [[Singapore]]. After an attack, Santhosh and Nisha escape to a village in [[Madikeri]], where Nisha falls for Santhosh. Nisha requests Vijay to accept their relationship, Though reluctant at first, Vijay accepts. At the party, Vijay announces his decision to hand over his business dealings to Nisha, who also introduces Santhosh.

At this point, Santhosh asks Vijay whether he fears anything in his life, only to start a shootout where he kills his other bodyguards and reveals that he was behind Jayadev's assassination so that Vijay could hire him as his bodyguard. At the same time, Joseph's hitmen barge into the party and are shocked to find Santhosh, whom they recognize as ''James'', their nemesis who was presumed dead. One of them informs this to Joseph before getting beheaded by Santhosh. Joseph learns that the informer had lied to Vijay about his brother's death and kills him. Santhosh brings Vijay and Nisha to the security agency's interrogation room. When Nisha insults Santhosh, Santhosh's colleague Rakesh Kumar Pirangi reveals Santhosh's past.

'''Past''': 10 months ago, Santhosh, an [[Indian National Army|Indian Army]] [[Major (rank)|Major]] in [[Kashmir]], arrives at [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] with Rakesh for his [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer friend Ekanth's wedding, and they meet Santhosh's friends Jagan, Amar and Madan, who are working in various government departments. At the wedding, Jagan reveals to Santhosh that when he took charge as [[Narcotics Control Bureau|NCB]] officer, he had arrested John, Robin and Peter for smuggling, led by Golden Horse. Under Vijay, Pratap and Joseph's advice, John, Peter and Robin barge in and kill everyone present at the wedding. Santhosh, who survives due to Rakesh's help, leaves for Miami as James.

Santhosh drags Robin from his birthday party and kills him. Later, Santhosh tracks Peter at his Miami island, where he decapitates him and lures John into his drug lab and brutally finishes him. Santhosh returns to India and is detained by his higher officer, but Santhosh seeks his higher official's approval to destroy the syndicates, to which they agree and their secret mission – ''MISSION NORC'' is launched where he arrives at Bangalore and starts planning to bring down the syndicate with the help of his squad officers by opening J-Wings agency.

'''Present''': Vijay escapes from the agency with Joseph and Pratap's help. Santhosh, with Nisha's help, lures Joseph, Vijay, Pratap and their gang into [[Sangihe Islands]], where the squad officers arrest the syndicate members. The film ends with Santhosh saluting the [[Flag of India|Indian flag]] with the satisfaction of having accomplished his friends's mission.

== Cast ==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Puneeth Rajkumar]] as Santhosh Kumar/James ([[Dubbing|Voice]] by [[Shiva Rajkumar]])<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |date=3 November 2021 |title=Shiva Rajkumar to dub for Puneeth's last film James? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/shiva-rajkumar-to-dub-for-puneeths-last-film-james/article37314438.ece |access-date=5 November 2021 |work=The Hindu}}</ref>
* [[Priya Anand]] as Nisha Gayakwad<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2020 |title='James' |url=https://kannada.news18.com/photogallery/entertainment/after-rajakumara-movie-once-again-priya-anand-sharing-screen-with-puneeth-rajkumar-in-james-ae-472489.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=News18 |language=kn}}</ref><ref name="Priya">{{Cite web |date=17 September 2021 |title=Team 'James' unveils a special character poster on Priya Anand's birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/team-james-unveils-a-special-character-poster-on-priya-anands-birthday/articleshow/86287008.cms |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
* [[R. Sarathkumar]] as Joseph Antony
* [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]] as Vijay Gayakwad
* [[Anu Prabhakar]] as Vijay's wife
* [[Mukesh Rishi]] as Rathanlal
* [[Madhusudhan Rao (actor)|Madhusudhan Rao]] as Jayadev Gakaywad, Vijay's father
* [[Adithya Menon]] as Prathap Aras, Vijay's friend
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Rakesh Kumar Pirangi, Santhosh's colleague
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Santosh's higher officer
* [[Sadhu Kokila]] as Santhosh's assistant
* [[Chikkanna]] as Madan, [[chief editor]] of Janadani newspaper
* [[Tilak Shekar]] as Jagan, [[Narcotics Control Bureau |NCB]] officer
* [[Shine Shetty]] as Ekanth, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer
* Gajapade Harsha as [[Assistant Commissioner of Police (India)|ACP]] Amar
* Sameeksha as Jessie, Ekanth's fiancée
* [[Suchendra Prasad]] as Jessie's father
* [[Padmaja Rao]] as Mary, Jessie's mother
* [[John Kokken]] as John, Joseph's brother
* Tarak Ponnappa as Peter, Joseph's brother
* Yash Shetty as Robin, Joseph's brother
* [[Ketan Karande]] as gang member of Joseph Antony's mafia syndicate
* [[Vajrang Shetty]] as Prathap Aras's son
* Mohan Juneja as a rich person in hospital
* Girish as a fake rich person
* Prasanna Baagin as Rathanlal's son
* Vajragiri as Rathanlal's son
* Kavya Shastry as Jagan's wife
* Hamsa as Amar's wife
* Nayana Gowda as Madan's wife
* Shivamani as Joseph's associate
* Anil as Vijay Gaikwad's associate
* Krishna Hebbale as a police officer
* K S Shreedhar as orphanage head
* Amit as Santhosh's associate in the agency
* Baby Aradhya Chandra as Amar's daughter
* Master Anoop as Jagan's son
* Govindegowda as marriage broker
* Swapna as Dechamma
* Sillilalli Anand as the guy at ashram
=== Cameo appearance ===
* [[All Ok]] as the rich kid at the bar
* [[Dattanna]] as Chowdhury
* [[Shiva Rajkumar]] as Anandraj, a soldier
* [[Raghavendra Rajkumar]] as Santhosh's orphanage head<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brothers Shivarajkumar and Raghavendra Rajkumar play cameos in Puneeth Rajkumar's James |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2022/jan/21/brothers-shivarajkumar-and-raghavendra-rajkumar-play-cameos-in-puneeth-rajkumars-james-29159.amp |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>
=== Cameo appearance in "Trademark" song ===
* [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charanraj]]
* [[Chandan Shetty]]<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=19 March 2022 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's 'James': An absolute action adieu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/mar/19/puneeth-rajkumars-james-an-absolute-action-adieu-2431687.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
* [[Rachita Ram]]<ref name=":3" />
* [[Ashika Ranganath]]<ref name=":3" />
* [[Sreeleela]]<ref name=":3" />
{{colend}}

== Production ==
Prior to his demise, Puneeth had finished most part of the shoot except one song and voice dubbing. The movie team tried its best to retain Puneeth's voice captured during shoot but when it seemed difficult, [[Shiva Rajkumar]], the eldest brother of [[Puneeth Rajkumar|Puneeth]], dubbed for his brother's character in the Kannada version.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Janani K. |date=3 February 2022 |title=Shivarajkumar dubs for late brother Puneeth Rajkumar in James, calls it emotional |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/shivarajkumar-dubs-for-late-brother-puneeth-rajkumar-in-james-calls-it-emotional-1908169-2022-02-03 |access-date=2022-03-23 |magazine=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Priya Anand]] was signed for the female lead role.<ref>{{Cite web |title='ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌' ಪುನೀತ್‌ಗೆ ನಾಯಕಿಯಾದ ಪ್ರಿಯಾ ಆನಂದ್! ಮತ್ತೆ ಒಂದಾಯ್ತು 'ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ' ಜೋಡಿ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/priya-anand-will-play-female-lead-in-puneeth-rajkumars-james-movie/articleshow/78666881.cms |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=Vijaya Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=It's Priya Anand opposite Puneeth Rajkumar in James {{!}} Cinemaexpress |url=https://m.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/oct/14/its-priya-anand-opposite-puneeth-rajkumar-in-james-20792.amp |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Suresh |first=Sunayana |date=15 October 2020 |title=Priya Anand to romance Puneeth Rajkumar once again in James – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/priya-anand-to-romance-puneeth-rajkumar-once-again-in-james/articleshow/78667352.cms |access-date=15 October 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The makers also announced that [[Srikanth (Telugu actor)|Srikanth]], [[Hareesh Peradi]], [[Mukesh Rishi]] and [[Anu Prabhakar]] would be seen in prominent roles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Srikanth to share screen space with Puneeth Rajkumar in James – The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/Oct/12/srikanth-to-share-screen-space-with-puneeth-rajkumar-in-james-2208972.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=newindianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anu Prabhakar, Adithya Menon join James cast – The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/Oct/14/anu-prabhakar-adithya-menon-join-james-cast-2209805.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=newindianexpress.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mukesh Rishi, the latest addition to Puneeth Rajkumar's James – The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/nov/14/mukesh-rishi-the-latest-addition-to-puneeth-rajkumarsjames-2223376.html |access-date=14 November 2020 |website=newindianexpress.com}}</ref> In 2021, [[R. Sarathkumar]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=A peek into Sarath Kumar's role in Puneeth Rajkumar's James – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/a-peek-into-sarath-kumars-role-in-puneeth-rajkumars-james/articleshow/85062393.cms |access-date=5 August 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Tilak Shekar]], Shine Shetty, [[Chikkanna]] joined the film's cast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shine Shetty, Tilak, and Chikkanna part of James' cast |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/19/shine-shetty-tilak-and-chikkanna-part-of-james-cast-25555.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

===Filming===
[[File:Bagmane Tech Park Bangalore India.jpg|right|thumb|The integral portions of the film has been shot in [[Bengaluru]].]]
The film is produced by Kishore Pathikonda under the banner Kishore Productions.<ref name="newindianexpress" /> The first schedule of the shoot started from 19 January 2020 in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar-starrer James to start rolling from January 19 - The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2020/Jan/07/puneeth-rajkumar-starrer-james-to-start-rolling-from-january-19-2085909.html |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=www.newindianexpress.com}}</ref> The second schedule of the film started from 14 October 2020 in [[Hampi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌ ಶೂಟಿಂಗ್‌ಗೆ ಹೊಸಪೇಟೆಗೆ ಪುನೀತ್‌ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ್‌ {{!}} Puneeth Rajkumar Film Shooting Will Be Held on Hosapete in Ballari District grg |url=https://kannada.asianetnews.com/karnataka-districts/puneeth-rajkumar-film-shooting-will-be-held-on-hosapete-in-ballari-district-grg-qi6mjj |access-date=15 October 2020 |website=kannada.asianetnews.com}}</ref>
A quick schedule was also wrapped in February 2021 in [[Kashmir]] featuring important action sequences of [[Puneeth Rajkumar]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=It's mission Kashmir for team James – Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/its-mission-kashmir-for-team-james/articleshow/81070786.cms |access-date=17 February 2021 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> After returning from Kashmir, Puneeth became busy in the promotional activities of his other film, ''[[Yuvarathnaa]]'' which released on 1 April amidst the second wave of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The James team resumed shoot once again from 5 July at a brisk pace after the [[Government of Karnataka]] gave nod to restart filming activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar to kickstart shooting for James on July 5 – The New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2021/jun/26/puneeth-rajkumar-to-kickstart-shooting-for-james-on-july-5-2321508.html |access-date=26 June 2021 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
{{clear}}

== Music ==
[[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]] composed the music for the film.<ref name="timesofindia.com" /> Vijeth Krishna composed "Bolo Bolo James".<ref name="James 2019 poster">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_IXnHOUit4 James (Kannada) – Official Motion Poster (2019) on YouTube] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20220101041417/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D_IXnHOUit4 archive])</ref>

{{Infobox album
| name = James
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{start date|2022|03|04|}}
| recorded = 2021–2022
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Puneeth Rajkumar|PRK Audio]] [[Divo (record label)|Divo]]
| producer = [[Charan Raj (composer)|Charan Raj]]
| prev_title = [[Salaga (film)|Salaga]]
| prev_year = 2021
| next_title = [[Sapta Saagaradaache Ello: Side A]]
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{Singles
| name = James
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Trademark
| single1date = 1 March 2022
| single2 = Salaam Soldier
| single2date = 11 March 2022
| single3 = Dhikkara Ninage Devare
| single3date = 11 April 2022
| single4 = Naa Ninage Kaavalugaara
| single4date = 6 June 2022
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Bolo Bolo James
| length1 = 1:59
| lyrics1 = [[Chethan Kumar (director)|Chethan Kumar]]
| extra1 = [[Chandan Shetty]], [[Shashank Sheshagiri]], Impana Jayaraj, Vijeth Krishna
| title2 = Trademark
| length2 = 3:59
| lyrics2 = Chethan Kumar
| extra2 = MC Vickey, [[Aditi Sagar]], Chandan Shetty, Sharmila, [[Yuva Rajkumar]]
| title3 = Salaam Soldier
| length3 = 3:16
| lyrics3 = Chethan Kumar
| extra3 = [[Sanjith Hegde]], Charan Raj
| title4 = Dhikkara Ninage Devare
| length4 = 3:33
| lyrics4 = Chethan Kumar
| extra4 = Charan Raj
| title5 = Naa Ninage Kaavalugaara
| length5 = 3:23
| lyrics5 = Chethan Kumar
| extra5 = Ankita Kundu, Sanjith Hegde
}}

==Release==
===Theatrical===
The film released in theatres on 17 March 2022 in Kannada alongside dubbed versions in Hindi, Malayalam, Tamil, and Telugu.<ref name="The Hindu" /> It released in 4000 screens on the first day including 400 single screen theaters in Karnataka alone<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Taneja |first=Parina |date=2022-03-15 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's last film James: Where to Watch, Trailer, Release Date, Movie Review, HD download online |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/puneeth-rajkumar-last-film-james-where-to-watch-release-date-movie-review-hd-download-online-bookymyshow-2022-03-15-764480 |access-date=2022-03-17 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref> and 900 shows in multiplexes<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=James 1st Day Box Office Collection: Puneeth Rajkumar-starrer Mints Big Money on Opening Day |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/james-1st-day-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumar-starrer-mints-big-money-opening-day-846683}}</ref> making it the biggest release at that time in [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2022 |title=Puneeth's last movie 'James' all set to hit 4,000 screens on his birth anniversary |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/puneeths-last-movie-james-all-set-to-hit-4000-screens-on-his-birth-anniversary-1089191.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title="Other films being prioritized over 'James'," says director Chethan Kumar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/other-films-being-prioritized-over-james-says-director-chethan-kumar/articleshow/90383890.cms |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The [[Telugu film]] ''[[RRR (film)|RRR]]'' had postponed its release by one week due to release of this film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2022 |title=SS Rajamouli Delays RRR Release by a Week for Puneeth Rajkumar's James; His Gesture Wins Hearts for Appu Fans |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/ss-rajamouli-delays-rrr-release-by-week-puneeth-rajkumars-james-his-gesture-wins-hearts-appu-845316 |website=[[International Business Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 February 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Here's why SS Rajamouli's RRR shifted from March 18; It has a Puneeth Rajkumar connect |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-here-s-why-ss-rajamouli-s-rrr-shifted-march-18-it-has-puneeth-rajkumar-connect-1011399%3famp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324131703/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/exclusive-here-s-why-ss-rajamouli-s-rrr-shifted-march-18-it-has-puneeth-rajkumar-connect-1011399%3Famp |archive-date=24 March 2022 |access-date=24 March 2022 |work=PinkVilla}}</ref>

===Re-release===
On 18 April 2022, Chethan Kumar announced that a Hyderabad-based team was able to recreate Puneeth's voice using Shivrajkumar's modulation and Puneeth's voice samples from his previous films and hosting endeavors. Kumar announced that consequently ''James'' would be re-released in theaters with the new voice on 22 April 2022.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2022 |title='James' to re-release with Puneeth Rajkumar's voice |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/james-to-re-release-with-puneeth-rajkumars-voice-1101682.html |access-date=18 April 2022 |work=Deccan Herald}}</ref>

===Home media===
The film was released on [[SonyLIV]] on 14 April 2022 in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Hindi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar: ಥಿಯೇಟರ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಅಬ್ಬರಿಸಿದ 'ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌' ಈಗ ಓಟಿಟಿಗೆ ಎಂಟ್ರಿ; ಪ್ರಸಾರ ಯಾವಾಗ? |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/puneeth-rajkumar-priya-anand-raghu-starrer-james-movie-will-premiere-in-sony-liv-on-april-14th/articleshow/90563135.cms}}</ref> and the satellite rights of the Kannada version were sold to [[Star Suvarna]].

== Reception ==
===Critical response===
''James'' received positive reviews from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Movie Review: ಪುನೀತ್ ಹೆಸರೊಂದೇ 'ಜೇಮ್ಸ್‌'ಗೆ ಆಧಾರ; ಅಭಿಮಾನಿಗಳ ಮನದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾವತೀವ್ರತೆಯ ಸಂಚಾರ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/review/puneeth-rajkumar-priya-anand-sarathkumar-srikanth-meka-starrer-james-movie-review-rating-in-kannada/amp_moviereview/90282191.cms?minitv=true}}</ref>

Sunayana Suresh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "For all of who wanted to see their favourite Appu in his Power-packed Star avatar one last time, James does not disappoint. There are shortcomings, but this film eventually hits the bull's eye in the heart for fans."<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Movie Review: Puneeth Rajkumar shines bright in this stylish thriller |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/james/amp_movie_review/90285921.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Prathibha Joy of ''[[OTTplay]]'' gave 4/5 stars and wrote "James does not have the greatest story, and that is something that his fans will overlook, as they’ve got to see him one last time in a full-fledged film. This is one of the actor’s most massy outings, which his fans will love and cherish for time to come."<ref>{{Cite web |title=James movie review: Power Star Puneeth Rajkumar's last commercial film is now on OTT |url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/james-movie-review-power-star-puneeth-rajkumar-is-in-supreme-form-in-this-actioner/fc4d19645d896 |website=OTTplay}}</ref>

A. Sharadhaa of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' gave 3.5/5 stars and wrote "James definitely is a worthy tribute to the Power Star, and when the final credits roll, and we see Puneeth give us his much-loved smile, it brings a tear to our eyes."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's 'James': An absolute action adieu |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/Mar/19/puneeth-rajkumars-james-an-absolute-action-adieu-2431687.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Janani. K of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "James is an out-and-out star vehicle and it completely belongs to Power Star Puneeth Rajkumar."<ref>{{Cite web |title=James Movie Review: A fitting ode to Power Star Puneeth Rajkumar |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/james-movie-review-a-fitting-ode-to-power-star-puneeth-rajkumar-1926524-2022-03-17 |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref>

''[[The Hans India]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and called it an "action-packed entertainer."<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=James movie review: Action-packed entertainer |url=https://m.thehansindia.com/amp/movie-reviews/james-movie-review-action-packed-entertainer-78708/ |website=thehansindia}}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Sankeertana Varma of ''[[Firstpost]]'' gave 2.5/5 stars and said that the film is "impressively shot and edited" and praised the production values and noted that the sets are "classy and pristine".<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=James movie review: Puneeth Rajkumar's final film is an uneven but stylised sendoff |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/james-movie-review-puneeth-rajkumars-final-film-is-an-uneven-but-stylised-sendoff-10467971.html/amp |access-date=18 March 2022 |website=[[Firstpost]]}}</ref>

Vivek M. V of ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' praised the film for its high octane slick action sequences.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title='James' movie review: Celebration of a mass hero |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/dh-talkies/james-movie-review-celebration-of-a-mass-hero-1092125.html |website=Deccan Herald}}</ref> Shuklaji of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "James may appear tad cliched for some but it shines through as a sincere ode to the legacy of Puneeth Rajkumar and his ever-growing fandom."<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=James review: Puneeth Rajkumar's last hurrah is a pure spectacle for fans |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/james-review-puneeth-rajkumar-s-last-hurrah-pure-spectacle-fans-162010 |website=The News Minute}}</ref>

Manoj Kumar. R of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote "One can't escape the strong sense of melancholy that comes with the knowledge of the fact that it will be the last time one would see Puneeth Rajkumar dance, fight, smile, cry and deliver punchlines."<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2022 |title=James movie review: Puneeth Rajkumar's one last ride into the sunset |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/james-movie-review-puneeth-rajkumar-one-last-ride-into-the-sunset-7824342/ |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Subha. J. Rao of ''[[Film Companion]]'' wrote ""The late actor had great hope from James and you understand why. The team has managed to put together an action entertainer despite the difficult circumstances of the star’s passing."<ref>{{Cite web |title=James On Sony Liv Movie Review: Puneeth Rajkumar’s swansong as lead celebrates his artistic legacy |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/reviews/james-kannada-movie-review-puneeth-rajkumars-swansong-as-lead-celebrates-his-artistic-legacy |website=Film Companion}}</ref>

===Box office===
''James'' was estimated to have grossed ₹28 to ₹32 crore on its first day which was the highest opening day domestic box office collections for a [[Kannada film]] at that time.<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆಫೀಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಧೂಳೆಬ್ಬಿಸಿದ ಅಪ್ಪು 'ಜೇಮ್ಸ್'… ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಡೇ ಕಲೆಕ್ಷನ್ ಬರೋಬ್ಬರಿ 32 ಕೋಟಿ... |url=https://www.btvnewslive.com/james-movie-first-day-collection-is-32-crore/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318124757/https://www.btvnewslive.com/james-movie-first-day-collection-is-32-crore/ |archive-date=18 March 2022 |access-date=23 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=James box office day 1 report: Puneeth Rajkumar's final film collects ₹27 crore on opening day |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/james-box-office-day-1-report-puneeth-rajkumar-s-final-film-collects-rs-27-crore-on-opening-day-101647597916707.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-18 |title=James Movie First Day Collection |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/james-movie-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumar-starrer-james-movie-first-day-collection-report-mdn-356146.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn}}</ref> It was reported to have grossed {{INR|6}} crore from [[Bangalore]] alone – marking it the first time a film has grossed above {{INR|4}} crore in the city on its opening day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Box Office: Puneeth Rajkumar's James takes Industry Best Opening day in Karnataka |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/box-office/box-office-puneeth-rajkumars-james-takes-industry-best-opening-day-karnataka-1048657?amp}}</ref> The net collections at the end of the first day was reported to be around {{INR}}18 crore to ₹22.5 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title='James' day 1 box office collection report: Puneeth Rajkumar's swansong off to a sensational start |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/james-day-1-box-office-collection-report-puneeth-rajkumars-swansong-off-to-a-sensational-start-1092218.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2022 |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's 'James' opens to unprecedented response |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/puneeth-rajkumar-s-james-opens-to-unprecedented-response-1092362.html}}</ref>

It was reported to have grossed ₹10 crore on the second day<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2022 |title='James' day 2 box office collection: Puneeth Rajkumar's swansong does well on first Friday |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/james-day-2-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumars-swansong-does-well-on-first-friday-1092718.html}}</ref> with the total gross around {{INR}}37 crore to ₹45 crore in 2 days.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-19 |title='James' day 2 box office collection: Puneeth Rajkumar's swansong does well on first Friday |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/james-day-2-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumars-swansong-does-well-on-first-friday-1092718.html |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=James Box Office Collection Day 2 |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/james-box-office-collection-day-2-report-puneeth-rajkumar-s-movie-creates-new-history-in-sandalwood/articleshow/90319365.cms |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Vijay Karnataka |language=kn}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=James box office collection Day 2: Puneeth Rajkumar's film fares well, eyes solid opening weekend |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/james-box-office-collection-day-2-puneeth-rajkumar-s-film-fares-well-eyes-solid-opening-weekend-1926929-2022-03-19 |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It was speculated that the gross theatrical collections for 3 days to be around {{INR}}54 crore<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2022 |title=ಪುನೀತ್ ನಟನೆಯ 'ಜೇಮ್ಸ್' ಮೂರು ದಿನಕ್ಕೆ ಗಳಿಸಿದ್ದೆಷ್ಟು? ಇಲ್ಲಿದೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ರಿಪೋರ್ಟ್ |url=https://tv9kannada.com/entertainment/sandalwood/puneeth-rajkumar-james-movie-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumar-movie-crosses-50-crore-mark-rmd-357716.html |website=TV9 Kannada |language=kn}}</ref> with a net collections of {{INR}} 38 crore for the same period.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2022 |title=Puneeth Kumar's Last Film James Enters Rs 100-crore Club, Going Strong at Box Office |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/puneeth-kumars-last-film-james-enters-rs-100-crore-club-going-strong-at-box-office-4901390.html}}</ref> The net collections for 4 days was reported to be around ₹50 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2022 |title='James' 4-day box office collection: Puneeth Rajkumar's last movie has a fantastic first weekend |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/james-4-day-box-office-collection-puneeth-rajkumars-last-movie-has-a-fantastic-first-weekend-1093046.html}}</ref> Multiple media outlets reported that the film had grossed ₹100 crore within 4 days<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |title=Puneeth Rajumar's James crosses 100 Cr mark in just four days |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/puneeth-rajumars-james-crosses-100-cr-mark-in-just-four-days/articleshow/90357888.cms |access-date=2022-03-21 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indiatoday.in" /> The film grossed more than ₹125
crore within 6 days of its release and it grossed ₹151 crore at the box office.<ref name="coll6">{{Cite web |title=James box office collection Day 7: Puneeth Rajkumar film earns Rs 127 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/james-box-office-collection-day-7-puneeth-rajkumar-film-earns-rs-127-crore-1928848-2022-03-24}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref name="auto2" /><ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto3" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=S |first=Sridevi |title=Kannada films rock the 100-cr club |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/kannada-films-rock-the-100-cr-club/articleshow/95459571.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2022 |title=ಬಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆಫೀಸ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಗೆಲುವಿನ ನಾಗಾಲೋಟ ಮುಂದುವರೆಸಿದ |url=https://www.btvnewslive.com/puneeth-rajkumar-james-movie-box-office-collection-crosses-150-crore-worldwide/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512021425/https://www.btvnewslive.com/puneeth-rajkumar-james-movie-box-office-collection-crosses-150-crore-worldwide/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |access-date=31 March 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of highest-grossing Kannada films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt11379988}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films scored by V. Harikrishna]]
[[Category:Films shot in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Arun Adsad

2026-03-30T11:37:55Z

LiveHi: Added new article...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{BLP one source|date=September 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 24 September 2018
| term_end = 24 April 2020
| predecessor = [[Pandurang Fundkar]]
| successor = [[Pravin Datke]]
| constituency = elected by Members of Legislative Assembly
| office1 = Member of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 1999
| term_end1 = 2004
| predecessor1 = Pandurang Dhole
| successor1 = [[Virendra Jagtap]]
| constituency1 = [[Chandur Assembly constituency|Chandur]]
| term_start2 = 1990
| term_end2 = 1995
| predecessor2 = Yashwant Sherekar
| successor2 = Pandurang Dhole
| constituency2 = [[Chandur Assembly constituency|Chandur]]

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|07|01|df=y}}
| birth_place =[[Dattapur Dhamangaon]], Dist.[[Amravati District]]
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Pratibha Adsad
| partner =
| children = [[Pratap Adsad]], Archana Adsad & Arati Adsad
}}
'''Arun Janardanrao Adsad''' was the two term member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] for Chandur constituency, now known as [[Dhamangaon Railway Assembly constituency|Dhamangaon Railway]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Adsad Arunbhau Janardhan, Chandur Assembly Election 1999 – Latest News & Results |publisher=Latestly |url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/maharashtra/1999/chandur/adsad-arunbhau-janardhan/ |accessdate=9 September 2022}}</ref>

==Political career==
Arun Adsad is a member of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), since his childhood a far-right Hindu nationalist paramilitary volunteer organisation.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adsad, Arun}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:1946 births]]

{{Maharashtra-BJP-politician-stub}}

Marthandam

2026-03-27T11:46:45Z

LiveHi: add references to improve readability further and fixed typos per standard format

{{More citations needed|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Marthandam
| other_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Municipality
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|8.3076|N|77.221785|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
| established_title = Marthandam
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[democracy|democratic]]
| governing_body = [[municipality]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = Minority
| demographics1_info2 = [[Malayalam]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 629165
| area_code = 04651
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| registration_plate = '''TN-75'''
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearby Cities
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Nagercoil]] & [[Trivandrum]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Kanyakumari]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Vilavancode]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank4_info_sec1 = 96.3%
}}

'''Marthandam''' is a major trade centre in [[Kuzhithurai]] municipality across State Highway in the [[Kanyakumari district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], India. Marthandam comes under the kuzhithurai Municipality, also known as Thoduvetty (another name for the Marthandam market region), it was a portion of Kanyakumari district which was added to the state of [[Tamil Nadu]] on 1 November 1956.

Marthandam is the second-largest town in the district. It derived its name from the founder and ruler of [[Travancore]], [[Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma]]. Marthandam is famous for honey, cashew nut processing, rubber and hand-embroidered motifs. The area is among the most fertile lands of Tamil Nadu, with substantial vegetation and a river adjoining. It is also a major trade centre due to its location bordering Kerala.

Marthandam Honey, a distinctive and natural product from the [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari District]] in Tamil Nadu, received the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2023. Registered under GI Application No. 800, it holds the distinction of being the GI product of India. Known for its purity, unique flavor, and medicinal properties, Marthandam Honey reflects the rich biodiversity and traditional beekeeping practices of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-12-06 |title=GI Tagged Marthandam Honey |url=https://thepeopleexpress.com/gi-tagged-marthandam-honey/ |access-date=2025-06-08 |website=The People Express |language=en}}</ref>

==History==

Southern Division, or [[Padmanabhapuram]] Division till 1921 and Trivandrum Division from 1921 to 1949, was one of the administrative divisions of the princely state of Travancore. It covered the five taluks of Agastiswaram, Eraniel, Kalkulam, Thovalay and Vilavancode and was administered by a civil servant of rank Diwan Peishkar equivalent to a District Collector in British India. The Southern division was predominantly Tamil-speaking in contrast to the other three divisions where Malayalam was spoken. In 1920, the neighbouring Trivandrum was also merged with the Southern division. In 1949, the princely state of Travancore was dissolved and the Southern Division was included in the Travancore-Cochin state of India.
In 1956, the Tamil-speaking taluks of Southern Division were transferred to the neighbouring Madras State as per the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 and forms the present-day Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu. The Malayalam-speaking taluks of the erstwhile Trivandrum division form the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala. The headquarters of the Southern Division were at Padmanabhapuram.

==Education==

===Colleges===


*BWDA Polytechnic College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://institutes.angineer.com/bwda-polytechnic-college-kanyakumari-tamilnadu/ |title=BWDA POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, Kanyakumari, TamilNAdu | Engineering Polytechnic Diploma Colleges India |publisher=Institutes.angineer.com |date=2014-06-20 |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>
*[[CSI Institute of Technology]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csiit.ac.in/ |title=Kanyakumari District |publisher=C.S.I. It |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>
*Malankara Catholic College, Mariagiri<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malankara.edu.in/ |title=Malankara Catholic College |publisher=Malankara.edu.in |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>
*Marthandam College of Engineering and Technology<ref>[macet.edu.in]</ref>
*Nesamony Memorial Christian College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nmcc.ac.in/ |title=Nesamony Memorial Christian College |publisher=Nmcc.ac.in |access-date=2016-12-01}}</ref>

==Industries in Marthandam==

Industrial Opportunities in Marthandam

There are rubber, coir, fruit based and wood-based industries. The influence of both Tamil and Kerala artisans produces unique designs and furniture works. Wood industries, directly and indirectly, employ a few thousand people.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==Geography==
{{Unreferenced section|date=April 2015}}
It is one of the most fertile lands of Tamil Nadu and has the climatic conditions of Kerala.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} It has a railway line connecting the capital of [[Kerala]], [[Trivandrum]], with the southernmost tip of India, [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]. Marthandam is well connected to Chennai, Mumbai, Bangalore by rail service also bus service to all over Tamil Nadu. The river [[Thamirabarani]] runs through the Marthandam city and every year a festival known as [[Vavubali]] is celebrated at the banks of river Thamirabarani.

==Climate==
{{Weather box
|location = Kanyakumari
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|temperature colour = pastel
|Jan high C = 28
|Feb high C = 28
|Mar high C = 30
|Apr high C = 32
|May high C = 32
|Jun high C = 29
|Jul high C = 28
|Aug high C = 28
|Sep high C = 28
|Oct high C = 28
|Nov high C = 27
|Dec high C = 27
|year high C =
|Jan low C = 24
|Feb low C = 24
|Mar low C = 26
|Apr low C = 27
|May low C = 28
|Jun low C = 26
|Jul low C = 26
|Aug low C = 26
|Sep low C = 25
|Oct low C = 25
|Nov low C = 23
|Dec low C = 22
|year low C =
|date=June 2013}}

==Transport==
===Roads===
Marthandam lies in the National Highway (NH66) connecting Kanyakumari to Panvel. The main bus stand of Marthandam is located along the Market Road in Kaalaichanthai. This bus stand is the base for MTM-based [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC]] (local) and SETC (long-distance buses). KeralaSRTC buses and also SETC buses to Chennai, Bengaluru, Ooty, Vellore and Pondichery operate from here. Private long-distance buses departing from Marthandam operate from various parts of the town. Marthandam is one of the heavy-traffic areas in the two-lane section of NH544. The recent steel flyover which spans more than 2 km has considerably reduced the traffic. Other major state roads from Marthandam include MTM-Pechiparai road via Kuzhithurai, MTM-Kulasekaram road and MTM-Colachal road.

===Air===
The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport, which is {{convert|40|km}} from Marthandam.

===Railways===
It has a railway line connecting the capital of [[Kerala]], [[Trivandrum]], with the southernmost tip of India, [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]. Kuzhithurai station serves the town of Marthandam and is found midway along the Trivandrum — Kanyakumari railway line. This railway station's collection is more than seven crore per annum and a daily passenger patronage of more than 50,000 people. The station has two platforms and falls on the Kanyakumari—Trivandrum line in the Trivandrum Division of the Southern Railway zone.
Marthandam is well connected to Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi, Howrah and all over India by the rail service. Kuzhithurai West is the secondary station where only local trains halt.

== Religion==
[[File:Ayyappa1.jpg|thumb|Vedisasthan Kovil]]

The Lord Ayyappa temple in Marthandam is at the banks of Kuzhithurai River.
This temple is known as either "Vettuvenni temple" or "Vedi Vechan Kovil". The latter one due to the fire crackers being set off at the temple as a mark of prayer to Lord Ayyappa. This temple is just by the side of National Highway NH-47 connecting Trivandrum with Nagercoil.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The Sree Krishna temple is at Kannacode in Marthandam. The name of the locality Kannacode is derived from the presence of this temple dedicated to Sree Krishna (Kanna) who is in Balagopala form in this temple. Historical records say that Travancore king Sri Vishakam Thirunal who ruled from 1880 to 1885 used to pray every month at this temple to ward off his BudhagrahaDosham. Renovation of the temple has been recently done through contributions from devotees. Situated in a peaceful location on the banks of the [[Thamirabarani River|Tamiravaruni]] river, this temple is called Guruvayoor of Kanyakumari district. On the Rohini star day of every Tamil/Malayalam month, SriSudarsana homam is conducted in this temple.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The Alappancode Sree Easwarakla Boothathan Temple is just {{convert|4|km}} from Kuzhithura Jn towards Arumana Road and adjacent to Melpuram Jn. In Tamil Nadu it is the only temple where a large number of [[caparison]]ed elephants participate in the annual festival. Every year more than thirty-five decorated elephants join the procession. The procession starts from the Kariyathara Temple in Anducode and finishes in Alappancode, and the procession covers about {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=off|spell=in}}. Devotees from Kerala and Tamil Nadu gather here to see the festival. The festival is held on the last Saturday of December.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The Sree Chamundesari temple is just adjacent to the Mahadevar temple. Though the temples are under the Devaswam board, they are maintained by a trust called Kuzhithurai Sree Mahadevar Shektra Samrakshna Samithi; with the help of devotees of this surrounding area, the committee has spent a huge amount{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=May 2015}} for the renovation of the temples. A large number{{Clarify|reason=vague|date=May 2015}} of devotees from Kanyakumari and Trivadrum District visit Sree Chamundeswari Temple for special [[Puja (Hinduism)|poojas]], especially unmarried girls, wishing for a good married life.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The Anjukannu Kalungu Sree Madan Thampuram Yakshi Amman Temple's festivals are: Yearly festival for 7 days, [[Maha Shivaratri|Shivrathri]] (Shivalaya Ottam), Saraswathy pooja, Deepawali, Thrikkarthika, Monthly Ammavasya, yearly Kumbhabishegam, Pongal. The main festivals celebrated there are [[Samivaravu]], [[Sivarathri]], [[Vavubali]], and [[Onam]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}

The [[Marthandam CSI Church]] on the Main Road at the junction was built by Rev. Robert Sinclair born in Scotland who came to India after his ordination as a minister on 3 August 1910, in Scotland. He succeeded Rev. H.I. Hacker in 1919 and came to Marthandam and served from 1920 to 1939.{{Citation needed|date=August 2021}}
[[File:Marthandam CSI Church.JPG|thumb|CSI District Church in Marthandam]]
[[File:Marthandam CSI Church by night.jpg|thumb|upright|Light Decorations During Christmas]]

===Religious festivals===

[[Pongal (festival)|Pongal]], [[Onam]] and [[Christmas]] celebrations are quite substantial in Marthandam. In this district, Christmas is celebrated more than in the rest of Tamil Nadu.
[[Vishu]] is also celebrated well in this district due to its neighbour Kerala and the presence of Malayalam-speaking people throughout the border of district.
Also festivals such as [[Diwali|Deepavali]], New Year, [[Eid al-Adha|Eid]], and [[Easter]] are celebrated in this district.

==Attractions==

===Tourist spots nearby===
[[Padmanabhapuram Palace]]
[[File:Padmanabhapuram Palace 5.jpg|thumb|Padmanabhapuram Palace]]

[[Udayagiri Fort]]
[[File:Udayakiri fort.jpg|thumb|Udayakiri fort]]

[[Tirparappu Waterfalls|Thirparappu waterfalls]]
[[File:Thirparappu Waterfalls (2).jpg|thumb|Thriparappu falls]]

[[Pechiparai Reservoir]]
[[File:Pechiparai dam.JPG|thumb|Pechiparai dam]]

[[Thengapattanam|Thengapattanam Beach]]
[[File:Tpmbeach 2013-12-30 17-41.jpg|thumbnail|Thengapattanam beach]]

[[Chitharal Jain Monuments and Bhagavati Temple|Chitharal Jain Temple]]
[[File:Chitharal jain temple1.jpg|right|thumb|Chitharal Jain Temple, Tamil Nadu]]

[[Mathur Aqueduct]]
[[File:Mathur Aqueduct.JPG|thumb|right|Mathur Aqueduct - one of the largest Aqueducts in Asia]]

== Adjacent communities ==
Nearby towns include [[Kuzhithurai]], [[Pacode]], and [[Thirunattalam]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/Bursting-at-its-seams/article15141565.ece |title=Bursting at its seams | first=P. S. Suresh | last=Kumar | newspaper= The Hindu |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=18 July 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.kaponline.net Kumari Arivial Peravai]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120615205323/http://csimarthandam.org/ CSI Marthandam]
*[http://www.kappukad.blogspot.in Kappukadu]
*[http://www.kztdiocese.blogspot.in Kuzhithurai Diocese]

{{Regions of Kanyakumari}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district]]

Jatragachhi

2026-03-25T22:36:43Z

LiveHi: Created New Details

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jatragachhi
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Census Town
| image_skyline =
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| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = [[West Bengal]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.598647|N|88.466344|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North 24 Parganas district|North 24 Parganas]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
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| government_type =
| governing_body =
| leader_title1 =
| leader_name1 =
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.9093
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6,890
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 700135
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 03174
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-23, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-24, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-25, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-26
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Barasat (Lok Sabha constituency)|Barasat]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Rajarhat New Town (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Rajarhat New Town]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Jatragachhi''' is a [[census town]] in the [[Rajarhat (community development block)|Rajarhat]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Bidhannagar subdivision]] of the [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=520| height=400| zoom=12
| coord={{coord|22|36|0|N|88|28|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in Bidhannagar subdivision, North 24 Parganas''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: facilities Abbreviation: UEM - University of Engineering & Management Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|22|38|5|N|88|29|21|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Bhatenda | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Bhatenda]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|22|35|58|N|88|27|30|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Ghuni| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Ghuni]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|36|48|N|88|29|39|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3= Basina| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Basina, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|29|36|E}} | label-pos4=top|label4= Bishnupur| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bishnupur, North 24 Parganas]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|36|40|N|88|32|18|E}} | label-pos5=top|label5= Chandpur |labela5= Champagachhi| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chandpur Champagachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|35|55|N|88|27|58|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Jatragachhi | numbered6=CT| mark-title6=Jatragachhi (CT)|shape-color6=black| label-size6=13|label-color6=black 
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|38|14|N|88|28|23|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Raigachhi | numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Raigachhi]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|37|5|N|88|28|9|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Rekjuani | numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Rekjuani]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|36|16|N|88|27|8|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Sulanggari | numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Sulanggari]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|34|48|N|88|25|12|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Bidhannagar| numbered10=M| mark-title10=[[Bidhannagar]] (M) | shape-color10= #800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Aliah University| numbered11=F| mark-title11= [[Aliah University]] (F) |shape-color11=#967117
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|33|42|N|88|29|15|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= St. Xavier's University| numbered12=F| mark-title12= [[St. Xavier's University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color12=#967117
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|57|42|N|88|32|39|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= MAKAUT| numbered13=F| mark-title13= [[Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology]] (F) |shape-color13=#967117
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|33|27|N|88|29|24|E}} | label-pos14=right|label14= UEM| numbered14=F| mark-title14= [[University of Engineering & Management (UEM), Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color14=#967117
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|35|40|N|88|29|7|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Amity University| numbered15=F| mark-title15= [[Amity University, Kolkata]] (F) |shape-color15=#967117
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|36|21|N|88|28|1|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=Eco Park| numbered16=T|shape-color16= #74C365| mark-title16= [[New Town Eco Park]] (T)
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|37|0|N|88|30|20|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Rajarhat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Rajarhat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|35|30|N|88|28|29|E}} | label-pos18=left|label18= New Town| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[New Town, Kolkata]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|38|0|N|88|32|40|E}} | label19= Bidyadhari |labela19 =River| label-color19 = #77A1CB| label-angle19= 10| label-pos19=right| label-size19=10| mark-size19=0| mark-title19 =none}}

===Location===
Jatragachhi is located at {{coord|22.598647|N|88.466344|E|display=inline}}.

===Area overview===
Rajarhat, a rural area earlier, adjacent to Kolkata, is being transformed into an upmarket satellite township, with modern business hubs, luxury real estate and eye-catching shopping malls. With enormous construction activity taking place all around, things are changing fast, leaving behind a description at any given point of time as outdated in no time.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://journals.openedition.org/samaj/5472 | title = Politics of a Transformative Rural: Development, Dispossession and Changing Caste-Relations in West Bengal, India | work= Ritanjan Das| publisher = Open edition journals, 21/2019 |accessdate = 22 June 2021}}</ref> Bidhannagar subdivision consists of [[Bidhannagar|Bidhannagar Municipality]], Mahishbathan II Gram Panchayat and [[Rajarhat|Rajarhat-Gopalpur Municipality]] (subsequently merged to form [[Bidhannagar Municipal Corporation]] since 2015), including Nabadiganta Industrial Township (Bidhannagar Sector - V) and [[Rajarhat (Community development block)]].<ref>{{cite web|title=BMC Profile|url=http://www.bmcwbgov.in/index.php/about-us/bmc-profile|access-date=22 June 2021|archive-date=7 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807111508/http://www.bmcwbgov.in/index.php/about-us/bmc-profile|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Change of guard|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/change-of-guard/cid/1471266}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|title=Notification No. 401/MA/O/C4/1A-12/2012 dated 18 Jun 2015|access-date=11 May 2018|publisher=Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726060058/http://north24parganas.gov.in/pdf/notice%20220615.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Jatragachhi had a total population of 6,890, of which 3,557 (52%) were males and 3,333 (48%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 812. The total number of literate persons in Jatragachhi was 4,986 (82.03% of the population over 6 years).<ref>{{cite web| url = https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1911_PART_B_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf|title = District Census Handbook, North Twnty Four Parganas, Series 20, Part XII B| work= Rural PCA-C.D. blocks wise Village Primary Census Abstract, location no. 323771, pages 38-39|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations West Bengal | access-date = 18 June 2021}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
According to the ''District Census Handbook, North Twenty Four Parganas'', 2011, Jatragachhi covered an area of 2.9093 km2. It had 4 km roads, with open drains. The protected water-supply involved overhead tank, tube well/ bore well, hand pump. It had 3,000 domestic electric connections, 10 road light points. Among the medical facilities it had 6 medicine shops. Among the educational facilities, it had 3 primary schools, 1 middle school, 1 secondary school, 1 senior secondary school. The nearest college was 12 km away at [[Kolkata]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1911_PART_A_DCHB_NORTH%20TWENTY%20FOUR%20PARGANAS.pdf | title = District Census Handbook North Twenty Four Parganas, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 781-783 Statement I: Growth History, Pages 799-803: Statement IV: Medical Facilities 2009, Pages 803-805 Section V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate = 16 June 2021}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
Rekjoani Rural Hospital at [[Rekjuani]] with 30 beds functions as the main medical facility in Rajarhat CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 24 May 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{North 24 Parganas District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district]]

2023 Singareni Collieries Company Limited union representative election

2026-03-25T19:13:10Z

LiveHi: Added new entry...

{{Short description|Telangana coal-mining corporation election}}
{{Orphan|date=March 2026}}

Elections for union representation at the [[Singareni Collieries Company Limited]] (SCCL) were held on December 27, 2023. The SCCL union representative elections carry strong political prestige in the state of [[Telangana]], and [[trade union]]s of various political colours contested the vote. The main competitors were the unions affiliated to the [[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC, linked to the [[Communist Party of India]]) and the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC, linked to the [[Indian National Congress]]). Voting was postponed repeatedly. AITUC emerged as the winner of the election. The incumbent recognized union, the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]-linked [[Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham]] (TBGKS), was completely routed in the election.

==Background==
SCCL is a coal mining company, operating 45 mines.<ref name=tsf2/> 51% of the stakes in the company are held by the Telangana state government, whilst the remaining 49% are held by the union [[Ministry of Coal]].<ref name=tsf2/> In the SCCL union elections, the union with the largest number of votes becomes the recognized union at company level, whilst the most voted union at each division would become the recognized union at that division.<ref name=tsf1>{{cite web|website=The South First|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/aituc-wins-singareni-collieries-union-election-brs-crushed/|date=December 28, 2023|title=CPI-affiliate AITUC wins election for recognised union status in Singareni Collieries, BRS union crushed|author=Raj Rayasam}}</ref> Until 2023, six such elections had been held, with AITUC winning thrice, TBGKS twice and INTUC once.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/Sep/30/singareni-trade-unions-gear-up-for-elections-2619621.html|title=Singareni trade unions gear up for elections|date=September 30, 2023}}</ref> All major political parties have their respective trade unions at SCCL.<ref name=ajy1/>

The Singareni union elections have a key political importance, as the divisions of the company stretches over 11 [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] and 5 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies where the coal miners and their families represent a major chunk of the electorate.<ref name=tsf1/><ref name=tsf2/><ref name=toi1/> The BRS-linked TBGKS had been the recognized union at SCCL since 2012.<ref name=tsf1/> The last election had been held in 2017, with TBGKS winning the company level representation and the nine out of eleven divisions.<ref name=tsf2/> The TBGKS victory in the 2017 SCCL union representative election contributed to the BRS victory in the [[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election]].<ref name=tsf2/>

==Postponed elections==
Per the usual schedule, SCCL union representative election should be been held in 2022.<ref name=tsf1/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/120622/trs-to-assess-mood-of-public-through-sccl-elections.html|title=TRS to assess mood of public through SCCL elections|date=June 12, 2022}}</ref> But without clearance from the BRS state government, the SCCL union representative election were being delayed.<ref name=ht1/> Since the October 5, 2017 union representative election until 2023 the electorate at SCCL had shrunk by more than 12,500 people, with further significant decline in the workforce to continue due to upcoming retirements.<ref>{{cite web|website=Oneindia|url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/telangana/singareni-election-polling-continues-tbgks-dropped-competition-between-national-unions-368985.html|title=కొనసాగుతున్న సింగరేణి ఎన్నికల పోలింగ్.. టీబీజీకేఎస్‌ దూరం, జాతీయ సంఘాల మధ్యే పోటీ!!|date=December 27, 2023|author=Dr. Veera Srinivas}}</ref>

Eventually the SCCL union representative elections were scheduled for October 28, 2023, just one month before the Telangana Legislative Assembly election.<ref name=tnm1>{{cite web|website=The News Minute|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/telangana-aituc-emerges-victorious-in-singareni-trade-union-elections|title=Telangana: AITUC emerges victorious in Singareni Trade Union elections|date=December 28, 2023}}</ref> The SCCL management and 11 unions (including TBGKS, INTUC, HMS and IFTU) had requested further delaying the election.<ref name=v2/> AITUC and BMS on the other hand met with Deputy Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) and SCCL union representative election Returning Officer D. Srinivasulu and asked for the holding of elections.<ref name=v2/> D. Srinivasulu went ahead with issuing notification for election per the court order.<ref name=v2>{{cite web|website=V6Velugu|url=https://www.v6velugu.com/nominations-for-the-singareni-recognition-committee-elections-have-started|date=October 7, 2023|title=వెలుగు సింగరేణి ఎన్నికల కోలాహలం మొదలైంది}}</ref> D. Srinivasulu received nominations for the SCCL union representative election in [[Hyderabad]] October 6–7, 2023.<ref name=sak>{{cite web|website=Sakhi|title=ఎన్నికల బరిలో 14 యూనియన్లు|date=October 8, 2023|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/mancherial/1804197}}</ref><ref name=v2/><ref name=eco1/>

The Singareni Colliery Workers Union (AITUC) nomination was filed by SCWU president Vasireddy Seetharamaiah and union leaders Balaraju, Vanga Venkat, Bose and Venu.<ref name=v2/> The Singareni Coal Mines Karmika Sangh (BMS) was filed by SCMKS president Yadagiri Sattaiah, general secretary Pawan Kumar, working president Peram Ramesh, Akhil Bharatiya Khadan Mazdoor Sangh leaders Puli Raja Reddy and Arutla Madhav Reddy.<ref name=v2/> The Singareni Coal Mines Labour Union (INTUC) nomination was filed by INTUC general secretary Janak Prasad and leaders Chandrasekhar, Narasimha Reddy and Thyagarajan.<ref name=v2/> The Singareni Miners and Engineering Workers Union (HMS) nomination was filed by its union president, Riyaz Ahmed.<ref name=v2/> All in all, 14 unions filed their nominations.<ref name=sak/> Any union not filing their nomination by October 7, 2023, would be disqualified from the election.<ref name=v2/> As such the unions that had argued for further postponement filed their nominations within the deadline.<ref name=v2/> Nominations could be withdrawn until October 9, 2023.<ref name=sak/>

Thirteen unions would appear on the ballot for the SCCL union representative election;

{| class="wikitable"
!Union
!Affiliation
!Political orientation
!Election symbol
|-
|[[Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangham]] (GLBKS)
|[[Indian Federation of Trade Unions]] (IFTU)
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) New Democracy]]
|Hammer in a cogwheel
|-
|Shramikashakti Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangham (SGLBKS)
|[[All India Federation of Trade Unions]] (AIFTU)
|
|Lion
|-
|Praja Telangana Singareni Karma Sangham (PTSKS)
|
|
|Two leaves
|-
|Singareni Coal Mines Karmika Sangh (SCMKS)
|[[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]] (BMS)
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|Torch
|-
|Singareni Coal Mines Labor Union (SCMLU)
|[[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC)
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|Table clock
|-
|Singareni Collieries Employees Union (SCEU)
|[[Centre of Indian Trade Unions]] (CITU)
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|Rising Sun
|-
|Singareni Collieries Labour Union (SCLU)
|[[Telugu Nadu Trade Union Council]] (TNTUC)
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|Motorcycle
|-
|Singareni Collieries Workers Union (SCWU)
|[[All India Trade Union Congress]] (AITUC)
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|Star
|-
|[[Singareni Ghani Karmika Sangham]] (SGKS)
|
|[[Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist) (D.V. Rao)|Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist–Leninist)]]
|Pick axe
|-
|Singareni Miners and Engineering Workers Union (SM&EWU)
|[[Hind Mazdoor Sabha]] (HMS)
|
|Scales
|-
|[[Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham]] (TBGKS)
|
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|Arrow
|-
|Telangana Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangam (TGLBKS)
|Indian Federation of Trade Unions (IFTU)
|
|Fist
|-
|Telangana Singareni Employees Union (TSEU)
|
|
|Lamp helmet
|}
<ref name=sak/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Nava Telangana|url=https://navatelangana.com/whose-identity-is-mine/|title=గని గుర్తింపు ఎవరిదో..?|date=December 10, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=TV9 Telugu|url=https://tv9telugu.com/telangana/after-singareni-election-cpi-come-together-with-the-congress-in-the-parliament-elections-1145659.html|title=Congress-CPI: సింగరేణి ఎన్నికల కేంద్రంగా రాజుకున్న రగడ.. పార్లమెంట్ ఎన్నికల్లో కాంగ్రెస్‌తో సీపీఐ కలిసి వచ్చేనా..?|author=G Sampath Kumar|date=December 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=Eenadu|url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/districts/warangal-news/697/123239803|title=సింగరేణిలో రణభేరి!|date=December 27, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|website=V6Velugu|url=https://www.v6velugu.com/tbgks-nominated-14-unions-in-singareni-elections|title=సింగరేణి ఎన్నికల బరిలో 14 యూనియన్లు|date=October 8, 2023}}</ref>

==Campaigning==
Considering the proximity to the Telangana Legislative Assembly election the SCCL management filed a plea in the [[Telangana High Court]], seeking a delay of the SCCL union representative election until after the Legislative Assembly election.<ref name=tnm1/> The Telangana High Court then directed the SCCL management to hold the union representative election on December 27, 2023.<ref name=tnm1/>

During the campaigning for the Legislative Assembly election in [[Bellampally]], [[Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee]] president [[Revanth Reddy]] questioned why the BRS state government was seeking to delay the SCCL union representative elections.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/151123/parties-focusing-on-singareni-workers-votes-for-24-ts-assembly-seats.html|date=November 14, 2023|author=Pillalamarri Srinivas|title=Parties focusing on Singareni workers' votes for 24 TS assembly seats}}</ref> In the November 30, 2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election the [[Indian National Congress]] won 9 seats in the SCCL area, the [[Communist Party of India]] 1 seat and the BRS just 1 seat ([[Asifabad Assembly constituency|Asifabad]]).<ref name=ht1/> Following the outcome of the Legislative Assembly election, in which BRS lost the state government to the Indian National Congress, the SCCL management again approached the Telangana High Court and filed another request to delay the union representative elections.<ref name=tnm1/> The SCCL management argued that the new state administration would need time to settle in before the holding of the union representative elections, seeking that the union representative election be held only after the [[2024 Indian general election|2024 Lok Sabha election]].<ref name=tnm1/><ref name=tsf1/><ref name=tsf2/> The BRS leadership feared that another backlash would further hurt the prospect of the party in the 2024 Lok Sabha election.<ref name=tsf2/> On December 21, 2023, the Telangana High Court dismissed this request, asking that the election be held December 27, 2023 as scheduled.<ref name=tnm1/><ref name=ht1/><ref>{{cite web|website=CVR News|url=https://cvrnews.net/election-uproar-in-singareni/|title=సింగరేణిలో ఎన్నికల కోలాహలం|date=December 21, 2023}}</ref>

In the light of the recent debacle in the Legislative Assembly election, the BRS supremo [[K. Chandrashekar Rao]] then instructed TBGKS to withdraw from the SCCL union representative election.<ref name=tsf1/><ref name=ht1/> On December 21, 2023, three TBGKS office bearers - the union president B. Venkat Rao, general secretary Miryala Rajireddy and working president K. Mallaiah - resigned in protest against this decision.<ref name=tsf2>{{cite web|website=The South First|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/telangana/brs-flip-flop-on-bgks-contesting-singareni-elections-may-prove-costly-as-trade-unions-prepare-for-the-race/|date=December 25, 2023|title=BRS flip-flop on BGKS contesting Singareni elections may prove costly as trade unions prepare for the race|author=Raj Rayasam}}</ref><ref name=ht1>{{cite news|newspaper=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/brs-withdraws-from-singareni-union-polls-after-defeat-in-assembly-elections-101703272629543.html|title=BRS withdraws from Singareni union polls after defeat in assembly elections|date=December 23, 2025|author=Srinivasa Rao Apparasu}}</ref> The TBGKS office bearers stated that they would not lead a union that would drop out from the race prematurely, and K. Mallaiah argued that ballots had already been printed with the TBGKS election symbol.<ref name=ht1/> Following the desertions from the TBGKS leadership, the next day the TBGKS honorary president [[Kalvakuntla Kavitha|K. Kavitha]] announced that TBGKS was still in the race.<ref name=tsf1/><ref name=tsf2/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/Dec/23/finally-tbgks-decides-to-fight-sccl-election-on-dec-27-2644218.html|title=Finally, TBGKS decides to fight SCCL election on Dec 27|date=December 22, 2023}}</ref> Seeking to defend the TBGKS and BRS state government legacy, K. Kavitha claimed that thanks to K. Chandrashekhar Rao and BRS 32% of SCCL profits had been set aside for bonuses, 20,000 dependent jobs had been created in the SCCL and 10,000 interest-free home loans issued.<ref name=tsf2/><ref name=tnm1/> TBGKS ran a very minimal campaign, with second-tier TBGKS leaders holding some meetings.<ref name=one1/>

Whilst the mother parties of INTUC (the Indian National Congress) and AITUC (the Communist Party of India) were allies in the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]] alliance at the national level, their unions at SCCL contested the election separately.<ref name=tsf2/> INTUC built its campaign messaging around "6Gs" - six guarantees, being promises to set up more underground mines to generate more jobs in SSCL, preventing and opposing privatization of SCCL, allocation of 250-yard plots for workers to build homes, interest-free bank loans of up to 2 million [[Indian rupee]]s, exemption for mine workers from paying income tax on allowances, the building of a superspeciality hospital and modernization of area hospitals and open cast mining jobs for women.<ref name=dc2/><ref name=eco1/><ref name=tsf2/> Congress state government ministers and Members of Legislative Assembly campaigned for INTUC.<ref name=one1/> State government ministers [[D. Sridhar Babu]] and [[Ponguleti Srinivasa Reddy]] spoke at INTUC campaign meetings.<ref name=eco1>{{cite news|website=Economic Times|url=https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/coal/telangana-ministers-campaign-for-intuc-in-singareni-collieries-polls/106278755|title=Telangana ministers campaign for INTUC in Singareni Collieries polls|date=December 26, 2023}}</ref> [[Mancherial Assembly constituency|Mancherial]] Member of Legislative Assembly [[Kokkirala Premsagar Rao]] campaigned for INTUC in Srirampur division.<ref name=dc2/> On December 22, 2023, some 3,000 people attended an INTUC campaign rally, at which Kokkirala Premsagar Rao and INTUC general secretary Janak Prasad spoke.<ref name=dc2>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/241223/intuc-releases-6gs-for-singareni-trade-union-polls.html|title=Intuc Releases 6Gs for Singareni Trade Union Polls|date=December 24, 2023}}</ref>

AITUC ran a 'whirlwind election campaign' led by CPI state secretary and [[Kothagudem Assembly constituency|Kothagudem]] Member of Legislative Assembly [[Kunamneni Sambasiva Rao]] and other local AITUC leaders.<ref name=hin1/> Leaders of CITU, BMS, and HMS also campaigned for their respective affiliated unions.<ref name=one1>{{cite web|website=Oneindia|url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/news/telangana/singareni-election-results-intuc-and-aituc-record-victories-in-various-divisions-369087.html|title=సింగరేణి ఎన్నికల ఫలితాలు: ఐఎన్టీయూసీ హవా, సత్తా చాటిన ఏఐటీయూసీ|date=December 28, 2023|author=Rajashekhar Garrepally}}</ref>

Three revolutionary trade unions - GLBKS, TGLBKS and SGLBKS - decided to contest in alliance, calling on workers to vote for the hammer in cogwheel symbol of GLBKS.<ref name=ajy2>{{cite web|website=Andhra Jyothy|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2023/telangana/karimnagar/support-uncompromising-revolutionary-societies-1180737.html|title=రాజీపడని విప్లవ సంఘాలనే ఆదరించండి|date=December 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=cvr1/> On December 13, 2023, they held a joint rally at GDK-1 division, addressed by GLBKS president S. Venkateswara Rao, TGLBKS general secretary I. Krishna and SGLBKS president Ramanna, at which they recalled the historical legacy of revolutionary trade unions of Singareni, that SCCL had been kept alive thanks to the struggles of the grandfathers and fathers of the workers and that electing bourgeois union representatives at this juncture would threaten the survival of SCCL.<ref name=ajy2/> On December 15, 2023, GLBKS-TGLBKS-SGLBKS held a joint press conference, at which [[Indian Federation of Trade Unions]] (IFTU) national general secretary T. Srinivas called on workers to resist threats of privatization and contractualization.<ref name=cvr1>{{cite web|website=CVR News|url=https://cvrnews.net/think-before-you-vote/|title=ఓటు వేసే ముందు ఆలోచించండి….|date=December 15, 2023}}</ref>

==Voting==
Campaigning ended on December 25, 2023.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Hans India|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/sccl-gears-up-for-union-elections-847055|title=SCCL gears up for Union elections|date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> There were 84 polling stations across the 11 divisions.<ref>{{cite web|website=Samayam|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telangana/news/all-set-for-singareni-elections-2023-in-telangana/articleshow/106293867.cms|title=SCCL Elections: సింగరేణిలో ఎన్నికల కాక.. AITUC వర్సెస్ TBGKS.. సర్వత్రా ఉత్కంఠ|date=December 26, 2023|author=Ram Prasad}}</ref> The Central Labour Department observed the election.<ref name=dc1>{{cite news|newspaper=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/271223/9415-votes-polled-in-peaceful-sccl-elections.html|title=94.15% votes polled in peaceful SCCL elections|date=December 27, 2023}}</ref> Security arrangements were strict during the voting, with [[Section 144]] being implemented.<ref name=ajy1/> Barring minor incidents, voting was largely peaceful.<ref name=ajy1>{{cite news|newspaper=Andhra Jyothi|url=https://www.andhrajyothy.com/2023/telangana/telangana-sscl-recognised-trade-union-elections-2023-aituc-intuc-tbgks-and-bms-in-singareni-coal-mines-voting-and-results-latest-news-in-telugu-2699.html|title=Singareni Election Result Live Updates: ఇప్పటివరకు ఏ సంఘం ఎన్ని స్థానాల్లో గెలిచిందంటే.. శ్రీరాంపూర్ ఫలితంపై ఉత్కంఠ |date=December 27, 2023}}</ref><ref name=dc1/> At the Srirampur 3 Coal Mine at [[Mancherial]] AITUC protested, accusing that election staff was favouring INTUC.<ref name=dc1/> Voting turnout was high, with the highest percentage of participation recorded in [[Yellandu]] division (98.37%).<ref name=nt1/><ref name=ajy1/>

==Results==
===Company-wide results===
{| class="wikitable"
!Union
!Votes
!%
!Divisions won
|-
|Singareni Collieries Workers Union (AITUC)
|16,177
|43.20%
|5
|-
|Singareni Coal Mine Labour Union (INTUC)
|14,178
|37.86%
|6
|-
|Telangana Boggu Ghani Karmika Sangham
|1,298
|3.47%
|0
|-
|Others
|7,086
|18.92%
|0
|}
<ref name=pri1/><ref name=toi1/><ref name=hin1>{{cite news|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/sccl-trade-union-election-aitucs-scwu-emerges-winner/article67683442.ece|title=SCCL trade union election: AITUC's SCWU emerges winner|author=P. Sridhar|date=December 28, 2023}}</ref>

===Voting per division===
{| class="wikitable"
!Division
!Eligible voters
!Votes cast
!Participation
!Winner
|-
| Ramagunda-I || 5,384 || 5,044 || 93.68%
| style="color: white; background-color: red;"|AITUC
|-
| Ramagunda-II || 3,556 || 3,369 || 94.74%
| style="color: white; background-color: red;"|AITUC
|-
| Ramagunda-III || 3,884 || 3,612 || 93.00%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|-
| Bhupalpally || 5,442 || 5,123 || 94.14%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|-
| Bellampally || 996 || 959 || 96.29%
| style="color: white; background-color: red;"|AITUC
|-
| Mandamarri || 4,835 || 4,515 || 93.38%
| style="color: white; background-color: red;"|AITUC
|-
| Srirampur || 9,127 || 8,491 || 93.03%
| style="color: white; background-color: red;"|AITUC
|-
| Kothagudem || 2,326 || 2,207 || 94.88%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|-
| Yellandu || 614 || 604 || 98.37%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|-
| Manuguru || 2,450 || 2,378 || 97.06%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|-
| Corporate headquarters || 1,191 || 1,149 || 96.47%
| style="color: white; background-color: green;"|INTUC
|}
<ref name=nt1>{{cite web|website=Namasthe Telangana|url=https://www.ntnews.com/karimnagar/workers-voted-in-singareni-recognition-labor-union-elections-2-1406679|date=December 28, 2023|title=ఓటెత్తిన కార్మికులు}}</ref><ref name=ajy1/><ref name=tsf1/><ref name=toi1/>

AITUC won the election to become the recognized union at company level.<ref name=tsf1/> Reacting to the results, INTUC accused CPI of colluding with the BRS to win the election.<ref name=pri1>{{cite web|website=The Print|url=https://theprint.in/politics/congress-backed-intuc-says-india-ally-cpi-colluded-with-brs-to-win-telangana-coal-workers-union-polls/1904114/|title=Congress-backed INTUC says INDIA ally CPI 'colluded' with BRS to win Telangana coal workers' union polls|date=December 29, 2023|author=Prasad Nichenametla}}</ref>

At the [[Kothagudem]] corporate headquarters INTUC got 549 votes, BMS in second place with 261 votes, AITUC 253 votes, CITU 42 votes, TBGKS 32 votes and HMS 4 votes.<ref name=ajy1/> At the Bellampalli division AITUC got 497 votes, INTUC 375 votes, HMS 61 votes, CITU 11 votes, BMS 6 votes, TBGKS 3 votes and there were 3 invalid votes.<ref name=ajy1/><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2023/Dec/28/sccl-polls-aituc-intuc-neck-and-neck-poor-show-by-brs-backed-union-2645613.html|date=December 28, 2023|title=SCCL polls: AITUC, INTUC neck and neck; poor show by BRS-backed union}}</ref> At Yellandu INTUC won with 311 votes, 264 votes, BMS 9 votes, IFTU 7 votes, CITU 7 votes, HMS 3 votes, TBGKS 1 vote and 1 invalid vote.<ref name=hin1/><ref name=dda>{{cite web|website=Disha Daily|url=https://www.dishadaily.com/telangana/khammam/intuc-won-in-illandu-284304|date=December 27, 2023|title=ఇల్లందులో గెలిచిన ఐఎన్టీయూసీ|author=Sridhar Babu}}</ref> Congress Member of Legislative Assembly [[Koram Kanakaiah]] joined celebrations of the INTUC victory at Yellandu on December 27, 2023.<ref name=dda/>

The Telangana Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangam (which had called for a vote for GLBKS) obtained 6 votes company-wide, whilst the election symbols of the Praja Telangana Singareni Karmika Sangam and the Shramikashakti Godavari Loya Boggugani Karmika Sangam obtained 2 votes each.<ref name=toi1>{{cite news|newspaper=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/106357984.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|title=AITUC wins five of 11 Singareni recognised trade union elections|date=December 28, 2023|author=Koride Mahesh}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:December 2023 in India]]
[[Category:Elections in Telangana]]
[[Category:Trade unions of the Singareni coal fields]]
[[Category:Trade union elections]]
[[Category:2023 in labor relations]]

Sulur Air Force Station

2026-03-24T12:11:54Z

LiveHi: fix citations additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Indian Airforce Base in Coimbatore Tamilnadu India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sulur Air Force Station
| nativename = {{lang|ta|Sulur Vanoorthipadai Nilayam}}
| image = [[File:Roundel of India.svg|60px]]
| IATA =
| ICAO = VOSX
| type = Military
| owner = [[Indian Air Force]]
| operator = [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]]
| city-served =
| location = [[Sulur]], [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| elevation-f = 1250
| elevation-m = 381
| coordinates = {{coord|11|00|49|N|077|09|35|E|region:IN_type:airport}}
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India
| website =
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 05/23
| r1-length-m = 2,516
| r1-length-f = 8,255
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| footnotes = Source:<ref name="VOSX">{{cite web|url=https://skyvector.com/airport/VOSX/Sulur-Airport|title=Sulur Airport|work=Sky Vector|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>
}}

'''Sulur Air Force Station''' is an [[air base]] of the [[Indian Air Force]] located at [[Sulur]] near [[Coimbatore]] in [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is operated by the [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]] and is the second largest air base of the Indian Air Force after the [[Hindon Air Force Station]]. The base is tasked with protecting the coasts of [[Southern India]]. The base is home to the No. 5 Base Repair Depot and No. 43 Wing of the Indian Air Force. It also serves as one of the operating bases of [[Garud Commando Force]], the [[special forces]] unit of the Air Force.

The airbase accommodates a fleet of [[Antonov An-32]] [[transport aircraft]], [[Mil Mi-17]] [[transport helicopter]]s, [[HAL Dhruv]] [[utility helicopters]] of the [[Sarang display team]], and [[HAL Tejas]] [[fighter aircraft]]. It is the only air force station in India which hosts fighters, transport planes, helicopters, [[microlights]], and [[paragliders]] at a single venue. The base also hosts repair and overhauling depots, maintenance and storage hangars for aircraft, a flying school and a Type Training School (TETTRA) of the Air Force.

The base was established as a transit base for the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] during the [[Second World War]]. It was taken over by the [[Royal Air Force]] after the war. After [[Independence Day (India)|Indian Independence]], the base was used by the [[Indian Navy]]. In 1956, it was taken over by the Indian Air Force.

== History ==
The Sulur air base was established in the early 1940s by the [[Royal Navy]] as RNAS Sulur to serve as a transit base for the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] during the [[Second World War]].<ref name="BRD">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/5+BRD|title=No.5 Unit BRD|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/sulur.htm|title=Sulur Airbase|work=Global Security|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=26 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926103841/https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/sulur.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The air field was commissioned in 1942 as a [[Royal Air Force]] base under the South East Asian Command. The base was burnt down during the [[Quit India Movement]] of 1942.<ref name="History"/> It was later handed over to the Royal Navy and was known as HMS Vairi in 1945.<ref name="RNRA">{{cite web|url=https://www.royalnavyresearcharchive.org.uk/FAA-Bases/Sulur.htm|title=FAA Base, Sulur|work=Royal Navy Research Archive|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> The [[Royal Indian Air Force]] also started operating from the base.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/when-coimbatores-peelamedu-housed-royal-naval-aircraft-repair-yard/article68898649.ece|title=When Peelamedu housed Royal Naval Aircraft Repair Yard|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 November 2024|access-date=1 April 2025}}</ref> As per Royal Navy report from 1945, the airbase had nine aircraft standing areas, four aprons, 16 aircraft pens, and storage hangars, apart from attached fuel stations, armory, and officer accommodation.<ref name="RNRA"/>

Post [[Independence Day (India)|Indian independence]] in 1947, the [[Indian Navy]] took over the base and established [[INS Hansa]].<ref name="BRD"/> In 1956, the [[Indian Air Force]] took over the station. It was converted it into a repair station for aircraft and the No. 5 Base Repair Depot (5 BRD) was established at the station.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sulur-air-force-grand-in-size-but-in-news-for-wrong-reasons/cid/1842467|title=Sulur Air Force: Grand in size but in news for wrong reasons|work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]|date=9 December 2021|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=8 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231208222047/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/sulur-air-force-grand-in-size-but-in-news-for-wrong-reasons/cid/1842467|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1964, the Air Force established a hangars for storage of aircraft, and accommodation for non-commissioned officers. The No.33 Equipment Depot (ED) was commissioned at the airbase in 1967, and the station undertook maintenance and overhaul of [[Folland Gnats]] and [[Hawker Siddeley HS 748|Avro HS 748]] aircraft of the Air Force.<ref name="BRD"/><ref name="Mano">{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2019/01/19/sulur-iaf-future-flying-over.html|title=Locked on to future, Sulur emerging as IAF's key base|work=[[Manorama News]]|date=19 January 2019|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> The air base provided support for the Indian military operations during the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] in 1971.<ref name="Telegraph"/> The No.43 Wing of the Indian Air Force was established at Sulur on 14 October 1985, and took over part of the assets from the No.5 BRD unit.<ref name="Wing"/> It served as a support base during the deployment of the [[Indian Peace Keeping Force]] in Sri Lanka in 1987.<ref name="Telegraph"/>

In November 2010, the station became one of the field bases for the [[Garud Commando Force]], an elite [[Special forces|special force]] of the Indian Air Force.<ref name="Garud">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/list.php?qunit=610%20Garud&init=on|title=No. 610 Garud|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/webstories/feature/garud-commandos-all-about-iafs-special-forces-unit-16996|title=All about the IAF's special forces unit, the Garud Commandos|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=6 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506233021/https://www.ndtv.com/webstories/feature/garud-commandos-all-about-iafs-special-forces-unit-16996|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2017, the airbase is engaged structural and engine repairs, overhaul, and maintenance of [[Line Replaceable Unit|LRUs]] for the trainer aircraft of the Indian Air Force.<ref name="BRD"/> It has also assisted in rescue operations such as during the [[2018 Kerala floods]].<ref name="Telegraph"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Thomas|first=Wilson|date=27 August 2018|title=How air warriors from Sulur flew to help Kerala|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/how-air-warriors-fromsulur-flew-to-help-kerala/article24795453.ece|access-date=2 May 2025|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=8 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241208222126/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/how-air-warriors-fromsulur-flew-to-help-kerala/article24795453.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 2023, a Type Training School (TETTRA) of the Air Force was established at the base.<ref name="Tettra">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/24+TETTRA|title=No. 24 TETTRA|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> In 2024, the station hosted the first phase of [[Exercise Tarang Shakti]], the largest multinational air force exercise held in India.<ref>{{cite news|title=What is Tarang Shakti, the largest military exercise that India will host?|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-is-tarang-shakti-the-largest-military-exercise-that-india-will-host-101722435902901.html|date=31 July 2021|access-date=2 August 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=12 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240812180448/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/what-is-tarang-shakti-the-largest-military-exercise-that-india-will-host-101722435902901.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The air forces of France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom took part in the exercise from 6 August to 14 August.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ray|first=Kalyan|title=Exercise Tarang Shakti: India's Largest multinational air exercise to begin on August 6|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/exercise-tarang-shakti-indias-largest-multinational-air-exercise-to-begin-on-august-6-3131281|date=21 July 2021|access-date=2 August 2024|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-date=2 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240802124431/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/exercise-tarang-shakti-indias-largest-multinational-air-exercise-to-begin-on-august-6-3131281|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2025, an unidentified man hailing from [[Bihar]] entered the base premises.He was apprehended by the IAF and handed over to the [[Tamil Nadu Police|state police]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-15 |title=Unidentified man enters Sulur Air Force Base in Tamil Nadu, police launch probe |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/tamil-nadu/story/mentally-disturbed-man-enters-sulur-air-force-base-in-coimbatore-caught-by-guards-and-handed-over-to-police-2725307-2025-05-15 |access-date=2025-05-17 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Infrastructure ==
Sulur Air Force Station is located in [[Sulur]] near [[Coimbatore]], and is operated by the [[Southern Air Command (India)|Southern Air Command]] of the Indian Air Force.<ref name="History"/><ref name="Telegraph"/> Spread across an area of {{cvt|1050.51|acre}},<ref name="Wing">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/43+Wing|title=No. 43 Wing|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> It is the second largest air base of the Indian Air Force after the [[Hindon Air Force Station]], and is responsible for protecting the coasts of [[Southern India]].<ref name="Telegraph"/> The airfield has a single {{cvt|2516|m}} long runway designated as 05/23.<ref name="VOSX"/> It is equipped with a category II [[Instrument Landing System]].<ref name="Mano"/> The base also houses facilities for radio communications, and a transportable [[radar]].<ref name="Mano"/>

The airbase is equipped with a multi [[Weather radar|Doppler weather radar]] for weather services.<ref name="Doppler">{{cite web|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2018/07/01/tejas-begins-the-sky-party-at-afs-sulur.html|title=Tejas begins the sky party at AFS Sulur|date=10 December 2010|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> It has several hangars for the storage of aircraft.<ref name="BRD"/><ref name="Doppler"/> The airport also houses a aircraft maintenance and overhaul facility and serves as the base for the No. 5 Base Repair Depot (BRD).<ref name="BRD"/> It also has facilities for the overhaul, repair, testing and calibration of equipment required for the air force.<ref name="History"/> The base hosts the No.24 Type Training School (TETTRA) of the Air Force, and No.610 unit of the elite Garud Commando Force.<ref name="Tettra"/>

== Operational aircraft ==
[[File:HAL Tejas (LA-5020) of Squadron 18 Flying Bullets performing during Air Force day 2021 (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[HAL Tejas]] of the [[No. 18 Squadron IAF]]]]
[[File:Sarang Helicopter demonstrating during 77th Air Force Day parade, at Air Force Station Hindon, Uttar Pradesh on October 08, 2009 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Sarang display team]]]]
While operating for the Royal Navy, the base initially hosted [[transport aircraft]] such as [[Beechcraft Model 18|Beechcraft Expeditor C-2 and At-7]], [[Avro Anson]], [[Fairey Swordfish]], [[Stinson Reliant]], [[Supermarine Walrus]], and [[Supermarine Sea Otter|Sea Otter]] that were moved from the facility in Coimbatore. Later in 1945, the base was equipped with [[Fairey Barracuda]] [[torpedo bomber]]s.<ref name="RNRA"/> Post Indian Independence, the Indian Navy operated [[Hawker Sea Hawk]], [[Bréguet 1050 Alizé|Breguet Alize]], and [[de Havilland Vampire]] aircraft from the airfield, before they were shifted to [[Dabolim Airport|Dabolim AFS]] in 1961.<ref name="History"/><ref>{{cite press release|url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1752311|title=INS Hansa marks diamond jubilee on 5 September 2021|date=5 September 2021|access-date=1 June 2024|work=[[Press Information Bureau]]|archive-date=27 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627171159/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1752311|url-status=live}}</ref> After the No.43 Wing was established in 1985,<ref name="Wing"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/index.php?uniq=Operational%20Bases&init=on|title=Wings of Indian Air Force|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> the [[No. 18 Squadron IAF]] was moved to Sulur in January 1985. It operated [[Folland Gnat]]s out of the airbase till February 1988.<ref name="Mano"/><ref name="FB">{{cite web|url=https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/18+Sqn|title=No.18 Squadron|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> The [[No. 109 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 109 Helicopter Unit]], which operated [[Mil Mi-8]] helicopters, was moved from [[Jammu Airport|Jammu AFS]] to Sulur on 4 June 1987 and was named as "The Knights".<ref name="HU">{{cite web|url=https://bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/109+HU|title=No.109 Helicopter Unit|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref>

The [[No. 119 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 119 Helicopter Unit]] operated Mil-8 helicopters from the airbase from February 1989 to May 1990.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/119+HU|title=No.119 Helicopter Unit|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=7 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250407075549/https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/119+HU|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[No. 33 Squadron IAF]], which operated [[Antonov An-32]] transport aircraft, moved to Sulur in June 1991. It was suspended in July 1992.<ref name="HG">{{cite web|url=https://bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/33+Sqn|title=No.33 Squadron|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=6 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250406082207/https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/33+Sqn|url-status=live}}</ref> The base hosted a detachment of No. 11 squadron consisting of [[HS-748|Avro HS-748]] aircraft was hosted at the base from August 1992 to September 1996.<ref name="Mano"/><ref name="Wing"/> The No. 33 squadron ("Himalayan Geese") was resurrected in March 2000 with An-32 aircraft.<ref name="HG"/><ref>{{cite news|title=33 Squadron celebrates anniversary|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Coimbatore/33-Squadron-celebrates-anniversary/article16363862.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 April 2010|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Selfless service earns two IAF squadrons President's Standard|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/selfless-service-earns-two-iaf-squadrons-presidents-standard/article4190344.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 December 2012|access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Chief of the Air Staff (India)|Chief of Air Staff]] indicated that the station would become the base for the indigenous developed [[HAL Tejas]] [[multirole combat aircraft]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=AF Sulur to get Light Combat Aircraft in 2010: Air Chief|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/AF-Sulur-to-get-Light-Combat-Aircraft-in-2010-Air-Chief/article15205140.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 April 2008|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=2 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202175437/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/AF-Sulur-to-get-Light-Combat-Aircraft-in-2010-Air-Chief/article15205140.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

The base hosted [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]] and [[microlights]] in the late 2000s.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2016/Chapter%20%204%20Works%20Services.pdf|title=Audits related to work services|work=[[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]]|date=2016|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=18 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250118061606/https://cag.gov.in/uploads/download_audit_report/2016/Chapter%20%204%20Works%20Services.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2016, the Mil-8 helicopters of the No. 109 Helicopter Unit were replaced by [[Mil Mi-17]] [[transport helicopter]]s.<ref name="HU"/> The [[Sarang display team]] which was established as [[No. 151 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 151 Helicopter Unit]] in 2005, was moved from [[Yelahanka Air Force Station]] to Sulur in 2009.<ref name="Sarang">{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/27314/sarang-team-bids-adieu-yelahanka.html|title='Sarang' team bids adieu to Yelahanka Air Force Station|date=25 September 2009|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[Deccan Herald]]|archive-date=10 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110090345/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/27314/sarang-team-bids-adieu-yelahanka.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Sarang – from display to rescue|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/sarang-from-display-to-rescue/article4910908.ece|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 July 2013|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=2 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231202180941/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/sarang-from-display-to-rescue/article4910908.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The team operated modified [[HAL Dhruv]]s for [[List of air display teams|aerobatic display]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/sarang-helicopter-team-set-to-get-bigger-and-better/article66516205.ece|title=Sarang helicopter team set to get bigger and better|date=16 February 2023|access-date=1 June 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004101254/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/sarang-helicopter-team-set-to-get-bigger-and-better/article66516205.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://idex.gov.in/challenges-cpt/1556|title=Smoke Generators for Sarang|publisher=[[Government of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=4 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004101256/https://idex.gov.in/challenges-cpt/1556|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2018, the [[No. 45 Squadron IAF]] ("Flying Daggers") was established with a fleet of HAL Tejas aircraft.<ref name="FD">{{cite web|url=https://bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/45+Sqn|title=No.45 Squadron|work=[[Bharat Rakshak]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=21 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221043757/https://www.bharat-rakshak.com/indianairforce/database/units/45+Sqn|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=13 November 2019|title=More firepower to Indian Air Force! IAF to receive around 200 fighter aircraft|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/more-firepower-to-indian-air-force-iaf-to-receive-around-200-fighter-aircrafts/1763782/|newspaper=[[Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]|access-date=1 May 2021}}</ref> On 27 May 2020, a second squadron of Tejas aircraft was added as a part of the No. 18 Squadron ("Flying Bullets").<ref name="FB"/><ref>{{cite news|title=LCA Tejas to join IAF 18 Squadron today at Tamil Nadu's Sulur airbase|work=[[Zee News]]|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/lca-tejas-to-join-iaf-18-squadron-today-at-tamil-nadus-sulur-airbase-2286345.html|date=27 May 2020|access-date=1 June 2020|archive-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607054221/https://zeenews.india.com/india/lca-tejas-to-join-iaf-18-squadron-today-at-tamil-nadus-sulur-airbase-2286345.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The squadron was later moved to [[Naliya Air Force Station]] in September 2024.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/squadron-leader-mohana-singh-becomes-the-first-woman-fighter-pilot-in-lca-tejas-fighter-fleet/article68654525.ece|title=Squadron Leader Mohana Singh becomes the first woman fighter pilot in LCA Tejas fighter fleet|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=18 September 2024|access-date=10 April 2025|archive-date=3 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241003125117/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/squadron-leader-mohana-singh-becomes-the-first-woman-fighter-pilot-in-lca-tejas-fighter-fleet/article68654525.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"style="font-size: 90%"
|+Aircraft squadrons<ref name="Telegraph"/>
|-
!Squadron
!Nickname
!Date activated{{efn|name=Date|First activation of the squadron at Sulur AFS}}
!Aircraft
!Image
|-
|[[No. 33 Squadron IAF|No. 33 Squadron]]<ref name="HG"/>
|''Himalayan Geese''
|1 June 1991{{efn|name=HG|The squadron was suspended on 31 July 1992 and was later resurrected on 27 March 2000.}}
|[[Antonov An-32]]
|[[File:K2717_Antonov_An.32_Indian_Air_Force_(8414615752).jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[No. 45 Squadron IAF|No. 45 Squadron]]<ref name="FD"/>
|''Flying Daggers''
|1 July 2018
|[[HAL Tejas]]
|[[File:HAL Tejas (LA-5018) of Squadron 18 Flying Bullets.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[No. 109 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 109 Helicopter Unit]]<ref name="HU"/>
|''Knights''
|4 June 1987
|[[Mil Mi-17]]
|[[File:Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17-IV SDS-1.jpg|100px]]
|-
|[[No. 151 Helicopter Unit, IAF|No. 151 Helicopter Unit]]<ref name="Sarang"/>
|''Sarangs''
|2009
|[[HAL Dhruv]]
|[[File:Indian_air_force_dhruv_helicopter_j4042_arp.jpg|100px]]
|}
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Airports in India}}

{{Indian Air Force}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases]]
[[Category:Airports in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:1942 establishments in British India]]
[[Category:Military airbases established in 1942]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Black Stone

2026-03-23T02:29:15Z

LiveHi: expand intro further and added references

{{Short description|Islamic relic at the Kaaba in Mecca}}
{{About|the Muslim object of reverence}}
{{pp-semi-indef}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name = Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad)
| image = Black stone.jpg
| alt = Black Stone set in the eastern corner of the Kaaba
| caption = The Black Stone embedded in the eastern corner of the Kaaba
| map_type =
| map_size =
| relief =
| map_caption =
| coordinates =
| location = Masjid al-Haram, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| region = Hejaz
| type = Sacred stone / Islamic relic
| part_of = Kaaba
| length = 20 cm (visible)
| width = 16 cm (visible)
| area =
| height = 112 cm (visible)
| builder = Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Ismail.
| material = Stone fragments held together with cement and surrounded by a silver frame
| built = Antiquity (pre-Islamic period; according to Islamic tradition from heaven)
| abandoned =
| epochs = Pre-Islamic Arabia to present
| cultures = Islamic
| dependency_of = Masjid al-Haram
| occupants = Pilgrims during Hajj and Umrah rituals
| event = Ritual touching or kissing during Tawaf
| excavations =
| archaeologists =
| condition = Preserved; fragments set in silver frame
| ownership = Government of Saudi Arabia
| management = General Presidency for the Affairs of the Two Holy Mosques
| public_access = Yes (restricted during pilgrimage flow)
| website = https://www.gph.gov.sa
| designation1 =
| designation1_date = 7th century CE onward
| designation1_number =
| designation1_criteria =
| designation1_type =
| designation1_partof =
| designation1_free1name = Corner name
| designation1_free1value = Al-Rukn al-Aswad
| designation2 =
| designation2_offname =
| designation2_date =
| designation2_number =
| notes = Originally a single stone; now consists of several fragments fixed with cement and encased in a silver frame.
}}
[[File:Black stone.jpg|thumb|right|The Black Stone is seen through a portal in the [[Kaaba]]]]
The '''Black Stone''' ({{langx|ar|الحجر الأسود|translit=al-Ḥajar al-Aswad}}) is a rock set into the eastern corner of the [[Kaaba]], the ancient building in the center of the [[Masjid al-Haram]] in [[Mecca]], Saudi Arabia. It is revered by most Muslims as an [[Islam]]ic relic which, according to tradition, dates back to the time of [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] and [[Eve in Islam|Eve]].

The stone was venerated at the Kaaba in [[pre-Islamic Arabia]]. It is sometimes considered a [[baetyl]]. According to tradition, it was set intact into the Kaaba's wall by [[Muhammad]] in 605, five years before [[Muhammad's first revelation|his first revelation]]. Since then, it has been broken into fragments and is now encased in a silver frame on the side of the Kaaba. Its physical appearance is that of a fragmented, dark rock, polished smooth by the hands of [[pilgrim]]s. It has often been described as a [[meteorite]],<ref name="Burke" /> but it has never been analysed with modern techniques, so its [[#Scientific origins|scientific origins]] remain the subject of speculation.<ref name="M. Golia" />

Muslim pilgrims circle the Kaaba as a part of the [[tawaf]] ritual during the [[Hajj]] and many try to stop to kiss the Black Stone, emulating the kiss that Islamic tradition records that it received from Muhammad.<ref>{{cite book |title=Your Door to Arabia |last=Elliott |first=Jeri |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-473-01546-6 |publisher=R. Eberhardt |location=Lower Hutt, N.Z.}}</ref><ref name=AtoZ>{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |year=1996 |publisher=Amana Publications |isbn=978-0-915957-54-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha}}</ref> While the Black Stone is revered, theologians emphasize that it has no divine significance and that its importance is historical in nature.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hedin |first=Christer |year=2010 |title=Muslim Pilgrimage as Education by Experience |journal=[[Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis]] |volume=22 |page=176 |citeseerx=10.1.1.1017.315 |doi=10.30674/scripta.67366 |oclc=7814979907 |s2cid=191262972 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Physical description ==
[[File:Black Stone front and side.PNG|thumb|right|The fragmented Black Stone as it appeared in the 1850s, front and side illustrations]]
The Black Stone was originally a single piece of rock but today consists of several pieces that have been cemented together. They are surrounded by a silver frame which is fastened by silver nails to the Kaaba's outer wall.<ref name="bevan" /> The fragments are, in turn, made up of smaller pieces that have been combined to form the seven or eight fragments visible today. The Stone's exposed face measures about {{convert|20|cm|in}} by {{convert|16|cm|in}}. Its original size is unclear and the recorded dimensions have changed considerably over time, as the pieces have been rearranged in their cement matrix on several occasions.<ref name="Burke">{{cite book |last=Burke |first=John G. |title=Cosmic Debris: Meteorites in History |publisher=University of California Press |pages=221–23 |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-520-07396-8}}</ref> In the 10th century, an observer described the Black Stone as being one [[cubit]] ({{convert|46|cm|in|abbr=on|disp=or}}) long. By the early 17th century, it was recorded as measuring {{convert|140|by|122|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}. According to [[Ali Bey el Abbassi|Ali Bey]] in the 18th century, it was described as {{convert|110|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} high, and [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali Pasha]] reported it as being {{convert|76|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} long by {{convert|46|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name="Burke" />

The Black Stone is attached to the east corner of the Kaaba, known as ''al-Rukn al-Aswad'' (the 'Corner of the Black Stone').<ref name="Ali2011">{{cite book |last=Ali |first=Maulana Muhammad |title=The Religion of Islam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=etnEKz_rOfgC&pg=PT351 |date=25 July 2011 |publisher=Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore USA |isbn=978-1-934271-18-6 |page=351}}</ref> The choice of the east corner may have had ritual significance; it faces the rain-bringing east wind (''al-qabul'') and the direction from which [[Canopus]] rises.<ref name="Al-Azmeh2017">{{cite book |last=Al-Azmeh |first=Aziz |title=The Emergence of Islam in Late Antiquity: Allah and His People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xnU3DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-64155-2 |page=200}}</ref>

The silver frame around the Black Stone and the black ''[[kiswah]]'' or cloth enveloping the Kaaba were for centuries maintained by the [[Ottoman Sultan]]s in their role as [[Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques]]. The frames wore out over time due to the constant handling by pilgrims and were periodically replaced. Worn-out frames were brought back to [[Istanbul]], where they are still kept as part of the [[Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace)|sacred relics]] in the [[Topkapı Palace]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The sacred trusts: Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, Topkapı Palace Museum |last=Aydın |first=Hilmi |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-932099-72-0}}</ref>

===Appearance of the Black Stone===
The Black Stone was described by European travellers to Arabia in the 19th- and early-20th centuries, who visited the Kaaba disguised as pilgrims. Swiss traveller [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt]] visited Mecca in 1814, and provided a detailed description in his 1829 book ''Travels in Arabia'':

{{Blockquote|text=It is an irregular oval, about seven inches [18 cm] in diameter, with an undulated surface, composed of about a dozen smaller stones of different sizes and shapes, well joined together with a small quantity of cement, and perfectly well smoothed; it looks as if the whole had been broken into as many pieces by a violent blow, and then united again. It is very difficult to determine accurately the quality of this stone which has been worn to its present surface by the millions of touches and kisses it has received. It appeared to me like a lava, containing several small extraneous particles of a whitish and of a yellow substance. Its colour is now a deep reddish brown approaching to black. It is surrounded on all sides by a border composed of a substance which I took to be a close cement of pitch and gravel of a similar, but not quite the same, brownish colour. This border serves to support its detached pieces; it is two or three inches in breadth, and rises a little above the surface of the stone. Both the border and the stone itself are encircled by a silver band, broader below than above, and on the two sides, with a considerable swelling below, as if a part of the stone were hidden under it. The lower part of the border is studded with silver nails.<ref name="Burckhardt1829">{{cite book |last=Burckhardt |first=Johann Ludwig |title=Travels in Arabia, Comprehending an Account of Those Territories in Hedjaz which the Mohammedans Regard as Sacred |url=https://archive.org/details/travelsinarabia04burcgoog |year=1829 |publisher=Henry Colburn, New Burlington Street |page=[https://archive.org/details/travelsinarabia04burcgoog/page/n265 250]}}</ref>}}

Visiting the Kaaba in 1853, [[Richard Francis Burton]] noted that:

{{Blockquote|text=The colour appeared to me black and metallic, and the centre of the stone was sunk about two inches below the metallic circle. Round the sides was a reddish-brown cement, almost level with the metal, and sloping down to the middle of the stone. The band is now a massive arch of gold or silver gilt. I found the aperture in which the stone is, one span and three fingers broad.<ref name="Burton1856">{{cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |title=Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbVSx5zKcrEC&pg=PA161 |year=1856 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts |page=161}}</ref>}}

Ritter von Laurin, the Austrian consul-general in Egypt, was able to inspect a fragment of the Stone removed by the Ottoman ruler [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]] in 1817 and reported that it had a pitch-black exterior and a silver-grey, fine-grained interior in which tiny cubes of a bottle-green material were embedded. There are reportedly a few white or yellow spots on the face of the Stone, and it is officially described as being white with the exception of the face.<ref name="Burke" />

== History and tradition ==

[[File:Mohammed kaaba 1315.jpg|thumb|left|A 1315 illustration from the ''[[Jami' al-tawarikh]]'' inspired by the [[sīrah]] story of [[Muhammad]] and the [[Mecca]]n clan elders lifting the Black Stone into place.<ref name=uscmsa>{{cite web |author=University of Southern California |title=The Prophet of Islam – His Biography |access-date=3 December 2010 |url=http://msawest.net/islam/11-prophet/325-the-prophet-of-islam-his-biography |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723212201/http://msawest.net/islam/11-prophet/325-the-prophet-of-islam-his-biography |archive-date=23 July 2011}}</ref>]]

The Black Stone was held in reverence long before the advent of Islam. It had long been associated with the Kaaba, which was built in the pre-Islamic period and was a site of pilgrimage for the [[Nabataeans]] of northern Arabia and the [[southern Levant]], who visited the shrine once a year to perform their pilgrimage. [[Idolatry]] is forbidden in the [[Hebrew Bible]] and the [[Quran]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0009_0_09475.html |title=The Biblical Injunction Against Idolatry |last=Rabinowitz |first=Louis |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Judaica |date=2008 |access-date=2014-04-20}}</ref> However, the use of aniconic stones, called [[baetyl]]s, is known from the eastern [[Mediterranean]]; "baetyl" originates in the [[Bethel (god)|Bethel]] narrative of [[Jacob's Ladder]]. The Kaaba allegedly held 360 idols of the Meccan gods.<ref name=armstrong>{{cite book |pages=[https://archive.org/details/islamshorthistor00arms_354/page/n50 11] |title=Islam: A Short History |first=Karen |last=Armstrong |author-link=Karen Armstrong |isbn=978-0-8129-6618-3 |date=2002 |title-link=Islam: A Short History|publisher=Random House Publishing }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.academia.edu/33725224 | title=Arab Paganism. The roots of Islam. *al lah the Meccan (Muslim) pagan gods | last1=Ezra | first1=Eliyahu | access-date=28 June 2023 | archive-date=5 July 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705055558/https://www.academia.edu/33725224 | url-status=live }}</ref> The meteoritic origin theory of the Black Stone has seen it likened by some writers to the meteorite which was placed and worshipped in the [[Temple of Artemis]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Robert E. Krebs |title=Scientific Development and Misconceptions Through the Ages: A Reference Guide |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0313302268 |page=209 |edition=illustrated}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Swartley |editor1-first=Keith E. |title=Encountering the World of Islam |date=2005 |publisher=Biblica |isbn=978-1932805246 |page=205 |edition=illustrated, reprint}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Isaac Asimov |author-link1=Isaac Asimov |title=Isaac Asimov's Guide to Earth and Space |date=2011 |publisher=Random House Publishing Group |isbn=978-0307792273 |page=108}}</ref>

A "red stone" was associated with the deity of the [[South Arabia]]n city of Ghaiman, and there was a "white stone" in the Kaaba of al-Abalat (near [[Tabalah, Saudi Arabia|Tabala]], south of Mecca). Worship at that time period was often associated with stone [[reverence (attitude)|reverence]], mountains, special rock formations, or distinctive trees.<ref>{{cite book |author=Grunebaum, G. E. von |title=Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D.–1258 A.D. |publisher=Aldine Publishing Company |page=24 |year=1970 |isbn=978-0-202-15016-1}}</ref> The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane, and the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as an object as a link between heaven and earth.<ref>{{cite book |title=Jerusalem: One City, Three Faiths |url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemonecity0000arms |url-access=limited |last=Armstrong |first=Karen |page=[https://archive.org/details/jerusalemonecity0000arms/page/221 221] |year=1996 |publisher=A.A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-679-43596-9}}</ref> [[Aziz Al-Azmeh]] claims that the divine name ''[[Rahman (name)|ar-Rahman]]'' (one of the [[names of God in Islam]] and cognate to one of the [[Names of God in Judaism|Jewish names of God]] ''Ha'Rachaman'', both meaning "the Merciful One" or "the Gracious One")<ref>{{cite web |title=The Names of God |url=http://www.themitzvahproject.org/serv03111.htm |website=www.themitzvahproject.org |publisher=The Mitzvah Project |access-date=15 September 2021 |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915170953/http://www.themitzvahproject.org/serv03111.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> was used for astral gods in Mecca and might have been associated with the Black Stone.<ref name="ʻAẓmah2007">{{cite book |last=ʻAẓmah |first=ʻAzīz |title=The Times of History: Universal Topics in Islamic Historiography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XiqeclAyH-4C&pg=PA105 |year=2007 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=978-963-7326-73-8 |page=105}}</ref> Muhammad is said to have called the stone "the right hand of al-Rahman".<ref name="Azmeh219">Al-Azmeh, p. 219</ref>

=== Muhammad ===
According to Islamic belief, Muhammad is credited with setting the Black Stone in its current place in the wall of the Kaaba. A story found in [[Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah (Ibn Ishaq)|ibn Ishaq's ''Al-Sirah al-Nabawiyyah'']] tells how the clans of Mecca renovated the Kaaba following a major fire which had partly destroyed the structure. The Black Stone had been temporarily removed to facilitate the rebuilding work. The clans could not agree on which one of them should have the honour of setting the Black Stone back in its place.<ref name="Dairesi">{{cite book |title=The sacred trusts: Pavilion of the Sacred Relics, Topkapı Palace Museum, Istanbul |editor1=Uğurluel, Talha |editor2=Doğru, Ahmet |author1=Dairesi, Hırka-i Saadet |author2=Aydın, Hilmi |publisher=Tughra Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-932099-72-0}}</ref><ref name="Al-A'zami">{{cite book |last=Al-A'zami |first=Muhammad Mustafa |year=2003 |title=The History of The Qur'anic Text: From Revelation to Compilation: A Comparative Study with the Old and New Testaments |page=24 |publisher=UK Islamic Academy |isbn=978-1-872531-65-6}}</ref>

They decided to wait for the next man to come through the gate and ask him to make the decision. That person was 35-year-old Muhammad, five years before his prophethood. He asked the elders of the clans to bring him a cloth and place the Black Stone at its center. Each of the clan leaders held the corners of the cloth and carried the Black Stone to the right spot. Then, Muhammad set the stone in place, satisfying the honour of all of the clans.<ref name="Dairesi" /><ref name="Al-A'zami" /> After his [[Conquest of Mecca]] in 630, Muhammad is said to have ridden round the Kaaba seven times on his camel, touching the Black Stone with his stick in a gesture of reverence.<ref name="Peters" />

===Desecrations===
The Stone has suffered repeated desecrations and damage over time. It is said to have been struck and smashed to pieces by a stone fired from a catapult during the [[Umayyad Caliphate]]'s [[Siege of Mecca (683)|siege of Mecca]] in 683. The fragments were rejoined by [[Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr]] using a silver ligament.<ref name="Dairesi" /> In January 930, it [[Sack of Mecca|was stolen]] by the [[Qarmatians]], who carried the Black Stone away to their base in Hajar (modern [[Eastern Arabia]]). According to Ottoman historian Qutb al-Din, writing in 1857, the Qarmatian leader [[Abu Tahir al-Jannabi]] set the Black Stone up in his own mosque, the ''Masjid al-Dirar'' "Mosque of Dissent", with the intention of redirecting the Hajj away from Mecca. This attempt failed, as pilgrims continued to venerate the spot where the Black Stone had been located.<ref name="Peters">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=Francis E. |title=Mecca: a literary history of the Muslim Holy Land |pages=125–26 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-691-03267-2}}</ref>

According to the historian [[al-Juwayni]], the Stone was returned twenty-three years later, in 952. The Qarmatians held the Black Stone for ransom and attempted to force the Abbasids to pay a huge sum for its return. It was wrapped in a sack and thrown into the [[Great Mosque of Kufa]], accompanied by a note saying "By command we took it, and by command we have brought it back." Its abduction and removal caused further damage, breaking the stone into seven pieces.<ref name="glasse" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/shia/qarma.html |title=Qarmatiyyah |publisher=St. Martin's College |work=Overview of World Religions |access-date=4 May 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070428055134/http://philtar.ucsm.ac.uk/encyclopedia/islam/shia/qarma.html |archive-date=28 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/68328/Black-Stone-of-Mecca |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Black Stone of Mecca (Islam) |access-date=11 May 2012}}</ref> Its abductor, Abu Tahir, is said to have met a terrible fate; according to Qutb al-Din, "the filthy Abu Tahir was afflicted with a gangrenous sore, his flesh was eaten away by worms, and he died a most terrible death." To protect the shattered stone, the custodians of the Kaaba commissioned a pair of Meccan goldsmiths to build a silver frame to surround it, and it has been enclosed in a similar frame ever since.<ref name="Peters" />

In the 11th century, a man allegedly sent by the [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] caliph [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] attempted to smash the Black Stone but was killed on the spot, having caused only slight damage.<ref name="Peters" /> In 1674, according to [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt]], someone allegedly smeared the Black Stone with excrement so that "every one who kissed it retired with a sullied beard". According to the [[Archaism|archaic]] Sunni belief,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or Foes? |last=Keynoush |first=Banafsheh |year=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1137589392 |page=59}}</ref> by the accusation of one boy, the [[Persians|Persian]] of an unknown faith was suspected of sacrilege, where Sunnis of [[Mecca]] "have turned the circumstance to their own advantage" by assaulting, beating random Persians and forbidding them from [[Hajj]] until the ban was overturned by the order of [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt|Muhammad Ali]]. The explorer [[Richard Francis Burton]] pointed out on the alleged "excrement action" that "it is scarcely necessary to say that a Shi'a, as well as a Sunni, would look upon such an action with lively horror", and that the real culprit was "some Jew or Christian, who risked his life to gratify a furious bigotry".<ref>As quoted in [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Personal_Narrative_of_a_Pilgrimage_to_Al_Madinah_and_Meccah/Volume_III|Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah] by [[Richard Francis Burton]], Volume III: "In A.D. 1674 some wretch smeared the Black Stone with impurity, and every one who kissed it retired with a sullied beard. The Persians, says [[Johann Ludwig Burckhardt|Burckhardt]], were suspected of this sacrilege, and now their ill-fame has spread far; at Alexandria they were described to me as a people who defile the Kaaba. It is scarcely necessary to say that a Shi'a, as well as a Sunni, would look upon such an action with lively horror. The people of Meccah, however, like the Madani, have turned the circumstance to their own advantage, and make an occasional "avanie". Thus, nine or ten years ago, on the testimony of a boy who swore that he saw the inside of the Kaaba defiled by a Persian, they rose up, cruelly beat the schismatics, and carried them off to their peculiar quarter the Shamiyah, forbidding their ingress to the Kaaba. Indeed, till Mohammed Ali's time, the Persians rarely ventured upon a pilgrimage, and even now that man is happy who gets over it without a beating. The defilement of the Black Stone was probably the work of some Jew or Greek, who risked his life to gratify a furious bigotry." Note: Burton pointed out to the suspect as a "Jew or Greek". The "Greek" here is to be understood as a Christian, and not a Greek national ''per se''.</ref>

== Ritual role ==
[[File:Muhammad Ali at the black stone 1972.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Muhammad Ali kissing the black stone in 1972|[[Muhammad Ali]] kissing the Black Stone in 1972]]
[[File:Coveting the Black Stone.jpg|thumb|upright|Pilgrims jostle for a chance to kiss the Black Stone; if they are unable to kiss it, they can point towards it on each circuit with their right hand]]
The Black Stone plays a central role in the ritual of {{transliteration|ar|istilam}}, when pilgrims kiss the Black Stone, touch it with their hands or raise their hands towards it while repeating the {{transliteration|ar|[[takbir]]}} "God is Greatest". They perform this in the course of walking seven times around the Kaaba in a counterclockwise direction ({{transliteration|ar|[[tawaf]]}}), emulating the actions of Muhammad. At the end of each circuit, they perform {{transliteration|ar|istilam}} and may approach the Black Stone to kiss it at the end of {{transliteration|ar|tawaf}}.<ref name="Curtis2013">{{cite book |editor1-last=Ali |editor1-first=Saad |editor2-last=Nishino |editor2-first=Ko |editor3-last=Manocha |editor3-first=Dinesh |last1=Curtis |first1=Sean |last2=Guy |first2=Stephen J. |last3=Zafar |first3=Basim |last4=Manocha |first4=Dinesh |title=Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective |chapter=Virtual Tawaf: A Velocity-Space-Based Solution for Simulating Heterogeneous Behavior in Dense Crowds |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ajm3BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA200 |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4614-8483-7 |page=200}}</ref> In modern times, large crowds make it practically impossible for everyone to kiss the stone, so it is currently acceptable to point in the direction of the Stone on each of their seven circuits around the Kaaba. Some{{who|date=May 2024}} even say that the Stone is best considered simply as a marker, useful in keeping count of the ritual circumambulations that one has performed.<ref name="The Saudi Arabia Information Resource">{{cite web |website=The Saudi Arabia Information Resource |title=The Holy City of Makkah |access-date=12 August 2006 |url=http://www.saudinf.com/main/a83.htm |archive-date=21 August 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821222527/http://www.saudinf.com/main/a83.htm |url-status=usurped }}</ref>

Writing in ''Dawn in Madinah: A Pilgrim's Passage'', [[Muzaffar Iqbal]] described his experience of venerating the Black Stone during a pilgrimage to Mecca:

{{Blockquote|At the end of the second [circumambulation of the Kaaba], I was granted one of those extraordinary moments which sometimes occur around the Black Stone. As I approached the Corner the large crowd was suddenly pushed back by a strong man who had just kissed the Black Stone. This push generated a backward current, creating a momentary opening around the Black Stone as I came to it; I swiftly accepted the opportunity reciting, {{transliteration|ar|Bismillahi Allahu akbar wa lillahi-hamd}} ["In the name of God, God is great, all praise to God"], put my hands on the Black Stone and kissed it. Thousands of silver lines sparkled, the Stone glistened, and something stirred deep inside me. A few seconds passed. Then I was pushed away by the guard.<ref>{{cite book |last=Iqbal |first=Muzaffar |title=Dawn in Madinah: A Pilgrim's Passage |page=21 |publisher=The Other Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-983-9154-92-4}}</ref>}}

The Black Stone and the Kaaba's opposite corner, {{transliteration|ar|al-Rukn al-Yamani}}, are both often perfumed by the mosque's custodians. This can cause problems for pilgrims in the state of {{transliteration|ar|[[ihram]]}} ('consecration'), who are forbidden from using scented products and will require a {{transliteration|ar|[[Fidyah and Kaffara|kaffara]]}} (donation) as a penance if they touch either.<ref name="HamShams2004">{{cite book |last1=Ham |first1=Anthony |last2=Shams |first2=Martha Brekhus |last3=Madden |first3=Andrew |title=Saudi Arabia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PddTr1X7hEgC&pg=PA75 |year=2004 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=978-1-74059-667-1 |page=75}}</ref>

== Meaning and symbolism ==
[[File:The Ka'ba, Great Mosque of Mecca, Saudi Arabia (4).jpg|thumb|The [[Kaaba]] in Mecca. The Black Stone is set into the eastern corner of the building ''(bottom left)''.]]
One tradition holds that the Black Stone was placed by [[Adam in Islam|Adam]] in the original Kaaba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Glassé |first=Cyril |title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam |date=January 29, 2003 |publisher=AltaMira Press |isbn=978-0759101906 |edition= |pages=91 |language=en}}</ref>
Muslims believe that the stone was originally pure and dazzling white, but has since turned black because of the sins of the people who touch it.<ref>Saying of the Prophet, Collection of [[Tirmizi]], VII, 49</ref><ref>[[Shaykh Tabarsi]], ''Tafsir'', vol. 1, pp. 460, 468. Quoted in translation by Francis E. Peters, ''Muhammad and the Origins of Islam'', p. 5. [[SUNY Press]], 1994. {{ISBN|0-7914-1876-6}}</ref>

According to a prophetic tradition, "Touching them both (the Black Stone and {{transliteration|ar|al-Rukn al-Yamani}}) is an expiation for sins."<ref>{{cite book |last=ibn Isa at-Tirmidhi |first=Muhammad |title=Jami' at-Tirmidhi: Book of Hajj |volume=2nd, Hadith 959}}</ref> Adam's altar and the stone were said to have been lost during [[Genesis flood narrative|the Great Flood]] and forgotten. [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]] was said to have later found the Black Stone at the original site of Adam's altar when the angel [[Gabriel in Islam|Gabriel]] revealed it to him.<ref name="glasse">Cyril Glassé, ''New Encyclopedia of Islam'', p. 245. Rowman Altamira, 2001. {{ISBN|0-7591-0190-6}}</ref> Abraham ordered his son [[Ishmael]], who in Muslim belief is an ancestor of Muhammad, to build a new temple, the Kaaba, into which the stone was to be embedded.

Another tradition says that the Black Stone was originally an angel that had been placed by God in the [[Garden of Eden]] to guard Adam. The angel was absent when Adam ate the [[forbidden fruit]] and was punished by being turned into the Black Stone. God granted it the power of speech and placed it at the top of [[Abu Qubays (mountain)|Abu Qubays]], a mountain in the historic region of [[Khorasan]], before moving the mountain to Mecca. When [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]] took the Black Stone from Abu Qubays to build the Kaaba, the mountain asked him to intercede with God so that it would not be returned to Khorasan but would stay in Mecca.<ref name="Kister">{{cite journal |title=Adam: a Study of Some Legends in ''Tafsir'' and ''Hadit'' Literature |journal=Israel Oriental Studies |number=13 |year=1993 |publisher=E.J. Brill |isbn=978-9004099012 |pages=113–74}}</ref>

Another tradition holds that it was brought down to Earth by "an angel from [[seven heavens|heaven]]".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Frankopan |first=Peter |title=The Silk Roads: A New History of the World |date=March 2017 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] |isbn=978-1-101-94633-6 |edition=First Vintage Books |series= |location=New York |pages=75 |author-link=Peter Frankopan}}</ref>

According to some scholars, the Black Stone was the same stone that Islamic tradition describes as greeting Muhammad before his prophethood. This led to a debate about whether the Black Stone's greeting comprised actual speech or merely a sound, and following that, whether the stone was a living creature or an inanimate object. Regardless of the case, the stone was regarded as a symbol of [[prophethood in Islam|prophethood]].<ref name="Kister" />

A [[hadith]] records that, when the second [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashid caliph]], [[Umar]] (580–644), came to kiss the stone, he said in front of all assembled: "No doubt, I know that you are a stone and can neither harm anyone nor benefit anyone. Had I not seen Allah's Messenger [Muhammad] kissing you, I would not have kissed you."<ref>{{cite web |author=University of Southern California |title=Pilgrimage (Hajj) |access-date=12 August 2006 |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/026.sbt.html#002.026.667 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830145427/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/fundamentals/hadithsunnah/bukhari/026.sbt.html#002.026.667 |archive-date=30 August 2006 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the hadith collection ''[[Kanz al-Ummal]]'', it is recorded that [[Ali]] responded to Umar, saying, "This stone (Hajar Aswad) can indeed benefit and harm.{{nbsp}}[...] Allah says in Quran that he created human beings from the progeny of Adam and made them witness over themselves and asked them, 'Am I not your creator?' Upon this, all of them confirmed it. Thus Allah wrote this confirmation. And this stone has a pair of eyes, ears and a tongue and it opened its mouth upon the order of Allah, who put that confirmation in it and ordered to witness it to all those worshippers who come for Hajj."<ref>{{cite book |last=ibn Abd-al-Malik al-Hindi |first=Ali |title=Kanz al-Ummal |year=1998 |location=Lebanon}}</ref>

[[Muhammad Labib al-Batanuni]], writing in 1911, commented on the practice that the [[pre-Islamic Arabia|pre-Islamic]] practice of venerating stones (including the Black Stone) arose not because such stones are "sacred for their own sake, but because of their relation to something holy and respected".<ref name="Lazarus-Yafeh">{{cite book |last=Lazarus-Yafeh |first=Hava |title=Some religious aspects of Islam: a collection of articles |pages=120–24 |publisher=Brill |year=1981 |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-06329-7}}</ref> The Indian Islamic scholar [[Muhammad Hamidullah]] summed up the meaning of the Black Stone:
{{Blockquote|[T]he Prophet has named the (Black Stone) the "right hand of God" ({{transliteration|ar|yamin-Allah}}), and for purpose. In fact one poses there one's hand to conclude the pact, and God obtains there our pact of allegiance and submission. In the quranic terminology, God is the king, and{{nbsp}}[...] in (his) realm there is a metropolis ({{transliteration|ar|Umm al-Qurra}}) and in the metropolis naturally a palace ({{transliteration|ar|Bait-Allah}}, home of God). If a subject wants to testify to his loyalty, he has to go to the royal palace and conclude personally the pact of allegiance. The right hand of the invisible God must be visible symbolically. And that is the {{transliteration|ar|al-Hajar al-Aswad}}, the Black Stone in the Ka'bah.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shenk |first=David W. |title=Journeys of the Muslim nation and the Christian church: exploring the mission of two communities |page=161 |publisher=Uzima Publishing House |year=2006 |isbn=978-9966-855-21-3}}</ref>}}

In recent years, several [[literalist]] views of the Black Stone have emerged. A small minority accepts as literally true a hadith, usually taken as allegorical, which asserts that "the Stone will appear on [[Judgement Day in Islam|the Day of Judgement]] ({{transliteration|ar|[[Qiyamah]]}}) with eyes to see and a tongue to speak, and give evidence in favour of all who kissed it in true devotion, but speak out against whoever indulged in gossip or profane conversations during his circumambulation of the Kaaba".<ref name="Lazarus-Yafeh" />

== Scientific origins ==
The Black Stone has never been analysed with modern scientific techniques. Its nature and origin has been much debated but it remains the subject of scientific speculation.<ref name="M. Golia">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oiTNCgAAQBAJ&q=Wabar+meteorite+craters+black+stone&pg=PT68 |title=Meteorite: Nature and Culture |last=Golia |first=Maria |date=2015 |publisher=Reaktion Books |isbn=978-1780235479 |language=en |access-date=30 October 2020 |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705055559/https://books.google.com/books?id=oiTNCgAAQBAJ&q=Wabar+meteorite+craters+black+stone&pg=PT68 |url-status=live }}</ref> It has been described variously as [[basalt]] stone, an [[agate]], a piece of natural [[glass]] or—most popularly—a stony [[meteorite]] or a result of a meteorite impact called [[tektite]].<ref name="Thomsen87">Thomsen: „New Light on the Origin of the Holy Black Stone of the Ka'ba“. 1980, S. 87.</ref> [[Paul Partsch]], the curator of the [[Natural History Museum, Vienna#Imperial Natural History Museum|Austro-Hungarian imperial collection of minerals]], published the first comprehensive analysis of the Black Stone in 1857, in which he favoured a meteoritic origin for the stone.<ref name="partsch">{{cite journal |last=Partsch |first=Paul Maria |title=Über den schwarzen Stein der Kaaba zu Mekka, mitgetheilt aus den hinterlassenen Schriften des wirklichen Mitgliedens |journal=Denkschriften der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien |issue=13 |year=1857 |publisher=Erste Abtheilung |pages=1–5 |url=http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DAKW_13_1_0001-0005.pdf |access-date=29 August 2015 |archive-date=19 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919061303/http://www.landesmuseum.at/pdf_frei_remote/DAKW_13_1_0001-0005.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Robert S. Dietz]] and John McHone proposed in 1974 that the Black Stone was actually an agate, judging from its physical attributes and a report by an Arab geologist that the stone contained clearly discernible diffusion banding characteristic of agates.<ref name="Burke" />

A significant clue to its nature is provided by an account of the stone's recovery in 951 CE, after it had been stolen 21 years earlier. According to a chronicler,{{Who|date=August 2024}} the stone was identified by its ability to float in water, which would rule out the Black Stone being an agate, a [[basalt]], or a [[stony-iron meteorite|stony meteorite]], though it would be compatible with it being glass or [[pumice]].<ref name="bevan">{{cite book |first1=Alex |last1=Bevan |first2=John |last2=De Laeter |title=Meteorites: A Journey Through Space and Time |pages=14–15 |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-86840-490-5}}</ref>

Elsebeth Thomsen of the [[University of Copenhagen]] proposed a different hypothesis in 1980. She suggested that the Black Stone may be a glass fragment, or [[impactite]], from the impact of a fragmented meteorite that fell 6000 years ago at [[Wabar craters|Wabar]],<ref>{{cite journal |title=New Light on the Origin of the Holy Black Stone of the Ka'ba |last=Thomsen |first=E. |journal=Meteoritics |volume=15 |number=1 |page=87 |bibcode=1980Metic..15...87T |doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.1980.tb00176.x |year=1980}}</ref> a site in the [[Rub' al Khali]] desert {{convert|1100|km|mi}} east of Mecca. A 2004 scientific analysis of the Wabar site suggests that the impact event occurred much more recently than previously thought and may have happened within the last 200–300 years.<ref name="Prescott2004">{{cite journal |last1=Prescott |first1=J. R. |title=Luminescence dating of the Wabar meteorite craters, Saudi Arabia |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=109 |issue=E1 |year=2004 |pages=E01008 |issn=0148-0227 |doi=10.1029/2003JE002136 |bibcode=2004JGRE..109.1008P|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The meteoritic hypothesis is viewed by geologists as doubtful. The [[Natural History Museum, London]] suggests that it may be a pseudometeorite; in other words, a terrestrial rock mistakenly attributed to a meteoritic origin.<ref>{{cite book |title=Catalogue of meteorites: with special reference to those represented in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London |volume=1 |page=263 |editor=Grady, Monica M. |last1=Grady |first1=Monica M. |last2=Graham |first2=A. L. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-521-66303-8}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Qibla]], direction in which Muslims pray
* [[List of individual rocks]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Commons category}}

*Grunebaum, G. E. von (1970). ''Classical Islam: A History 600 A.D.–1258 A.D.''. Aldine Publishing Company. {{ISBN|978-0-202-15016-1}}
*Sheikh Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarkpuri (2002). [[Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum]] (The Sealed Nectar): Biography of the Prophet. Dar-us-Salam Publications. {{ISBN|1-59144-071-8}}.
*Elliott, Jeri (1992). ''Your Door to Arabia''. {{ISBN|0-473-01546-3}}.
*Mohamed, Mamdouh N. (1996). ''Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z''. Amana Publications. {{ISBN|0-915957-54-X}}.
*Time-Life Books (1988). ''Time Frame AD 600–800: The March of Islam'', {{ISBN|0-8094-6420-9}}.

{{Characters and names in the Quran}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|21|25|21.0|N|39|49|34.2|E|display=title}}
{{Good article}}

[[Category:Islamic pilgrimages]]
[[Category:Stones]]
[[Category:Sacred rocks]]
[[Category:Hajj]]
[[Category:Kaaba]]
[[Category:Meteorites in culture]]
[[Category:Hajj terminology]]
[[Category:Temple of Artemis]]

List of people from Ludhiana

2026-03-22T06:10:16Z

LiveHi:

{{short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2024}}
{{dynamic list}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
This is a list of notable people from the city of '''[[Ludhiana]]''' in [[Punjab, India]]. It includes people who were born/raised in, lived in, or spent portions of their lives in Ludhiana, or for whom Ludhiana is a significant part of their identity.

== Notable individuals ==

* [[Agha Ibrahim Akram]], [[Pakistan Army]] general and diplomat
* [[Diljit Dosanjh]], born in Dosanjh Kalan village of Jalandhar but was raised in Ludhiana.
* [[Karan Aujla]], born in Ghurala village of Ludhiana district.
* [[J. C. Mahindra]], Indian industrialist and co-founder of Mahindra & Mahindra
* [[K.C. Mahindra]] Indian industrialist who co-founded Mahindra & Mahindra
* [[Sukhdev Thapar]], Freedom fighter
* [[Kartar Singh Sarabha]], Freedom fighter
* [[Gippy Grewal]], Singer, actor
* [[Sukh Sanghera]], Film director and music video director
* [[Bhai Randhir Singh]], Freedom fighter
* [[Neelkamal Puri]], novelist, columnist<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20130304-punjabs-victory-over-history-762166-2013-02-20|title=Punjab's victory over history|date=4 March 2013|access-date=28 July 2015|publisher=India Today|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140914162015/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/punjabs-victory-over-history/1/251178.html|archive-date=14 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dharmendra]], actor
* [[Sunil Mittal]], entrepreneur, founder of [[Airtel]] and Bharti Enterprises
* [[Simarjit Singh Bains]], Social worker, politician
* [[Sahir Ludhianvi]], lyricist
* [[Sukhdeep Singh Chakria (Boxer)|Sukhdeep Singh Chakria]], Boxer
* [[Divya Dutta]], actress
* [[Manjit Rupowalia]], Singer
* [[Trishneet Arora]], Ethical hacker, author
* [[Shubha Phutela]], actress
* [[Dakssh Ajit Singh]], actor
* [[Jainti Dass Saggar]], Physician, politician
* [[Abhinav Shukla]], actor
* [[Sudarshan Agarwal]], politician
* [[Shilpi Sharma (actress, born 1994)|Shilpi Sharma]], actress
* [[Gulzar Singh Sandhu]], writer
* [[Naina Dhaliwal]], Indian model
* [[Inderjit Hasanpuri]], songwriter
* [[Ram Singh (activist)|Ram Singh]], Social reformer
* [[Maulana Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi]], One of the founders of Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
* [[Barkat Ali Ludhianwi]], Muslim Sufi and founder of the Dar ul Ehsan organisation
* [[Agha Talish]], Pakistani actor
* [[Raj Khosla]], director
* [[Baldev Raj Chopra]], producer and director
* [[Kuldeep Manak]], Singer
* [[Inderjit Nikku]], Singer
* [[Ravinder Grewal]], Singer
* [[Amar Singh Chamkila]], Singer
* [[Surinder Shinda]], Singer
* [[Karnail Gill]], Singer
* [[Ishmeet Singh]], Singer
* [[Lal Chand Yamla Jatt]], Singer
* [[Mandeep Singh]], Cricketer
* [[Pankaj Kapoor]], actor
* [[Hardev Dilgir]], lyricist
* [[Saadat Hasan Manto]], writer, playwright
* [[Sanjeev Talwar]], MLA Ludhiana East
* [[Bharat Bhushan Ashu]], MLA Ludhiana West, Punjab Cabinet Minister
* [[Ish Sodhi]], New Zealand Cricketer
* [[Happy Raikoti]], lyricist, singer
* [[Chetan Sharma]], Indian cricket player
* [[Yashpal Sharma (cricketer)|Yashpal Sharma]], Indian cricket player
* [[Jaswinder Bhalla]], actor in [[Punjabi cinema]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kapoor |first1=Diksha |title=Happy Birthday Jaswinder Bhalla! Watch His 5 Best Comedy Films To Drive Away Your Monday Blues |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/happy-birthday-jaswinder-bhalla-watch-his-5-best-comedy-films-to-drive-away-your-monday-blues/ |access-date=11 November 2020 |work=PTC Punjabi |date=4 May 2020 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111142236/https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/happy-birthday-jaswinder-bhalla-watch-his-5-best-comedy-films-to-drive-away-your-monday-blues/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Anuv Jain]], singer and songwriter
* [[Anand Arnold]], bodybuilder
* [[Balbir Singh Rajewal]], Farm union leader and politician
* [[Bhavish Aggarwal]], Businessman and Founder of [[Ola Cabs|Ola]] cabs and [[Ola Electric]]
* [[Prabhsukhan Singh Gill]], Footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]] and [[India national football team|India national team]]
* [[Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)|Abdul Qadir]], jurist, newspaper and magazine editor

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Notable people from Ludhiana}}
[[Category:Ludhiana]]
[[Category:Lists of people by nationality]]

Lalita Kumari

2026-03-14T18:26:17Z

LiveHi: Creating A Bio Added Tags

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Lalita Kumari
| image = Lalita Kumari CPI.jpg
| caption = Lalita Kumari at CPI conference, Begusarai, 2022
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1988|07|25}}
| birth_place = [[Begusarai]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| occupation = Social and political activism
| known_for = Secretary of Bihar Mahila Samaj; CPI Leader
| party = [[Communist Party of India]]
| office = Member of National Council, [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] and [[National Federation of Indian Women|NFIW]]
}}

'''Lalita Kumari''' (born 25 July 1988) is an Indian politician and social activist from [[Bihar]].<ref name="CPI-NatCouncil2025">{{cite web
|title=Elected New National Council Members in 25th CPI Congress.
|url=https://www.communistparty.in/post/elected-new-national-council-members
|publisher=Communist Party of India
|date=29 September 2025
|access-date=20 November 2025
}}</ref><ref name="Affidavit2021">{{cite web
|title=Affidavit – Lalita Kumari (Bihar Panchayat Election 2021)

|url=http://164.100.130.161/ForPublicPDF_P/Documents9/NominationDoc/2021102513112759795138.pdf
|publisher=State Election Commission, Bihar (Official NIC Server)
|date=25 October 2021
|access-date=25 November 2025}}</ref> She is a member of the National Council of the [[Communist Party of India]] (CPI).<ref>{{cite web
|title=CPI releases list of star campaigners for Bihar Assembly Election 2025 first phase
|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/patna/cpi-releases-list-of-star-campaigners-for-first-phase
|website=Prabhat Khabar
|publisher=Prabhat Khabar
|date=24 October 2025
|access-date=24 October 2025
|language=hi
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lalita Kumari became the National Council member of CPI |url=https://thebegusarai.in/begusarai-news/lalita-kumari-became-the-national-council-member-of-cpi/293145/ |website=The Begusarai |date=29 September 2025 |access-date=5 October 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="PrabhatKhabarCPI2025">{{cite news
|title=Lalita Kumari Elected National Council Member of CPI
|url=https://archive.org/details/lalita-kumari-cpi-national-council
|work=Prabhat Khabar
|date=29 September 2025
|access-date=20 November 2025
}}</ref>

Lalita Kumari serves as the Secretary of Bihar Mahila Samaj, a state-level women's organization affiliated with the [[National Federation of Indian Women]].<ref name="PrabhatKhabarLalita2023">{{cite news
|title=Women Must Be Aware of Their Rights – Lalita Kumari
|url=https://archive.org/details/women-must-be-aware-of-their-rights-lalita-kumari
|work=Prabhat Khabar
|date=16 October 2023
|access-date=20 November 2025
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=50 years of an organization fighting for women's rights |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/india-41213247 |publisher=BBC Hindi |date=11 September 2017 |accessdate=14 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Mahila Samaj demonstrated at Ballia power office |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/begusarai-bihar-mahila-samaj-demonstrated-at-ballia-power-office-20436083.html |website=Dainik Jagran |date=25 June 2022 |access-date=5 October 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Members of Bihar Mahila Samaj celebrating after the Women's... |url=https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/members-of-bihar-mahila-samaj-celebrating-after-the-womens-news-photo/1676991478 |publisher=Getty Images |accessdate=October 11, 2025}}</ref> She is also a member of the National Council of NFIW.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar women protest in Ballia to waive four-month electricity bill |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/ballia/news/women-protest-in-ballia-to-waive-4-month-electricity-bill-127447812.html |website=Dainik Bhaskar |access-date=5 October 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Protest: Reservation is not begging, we are the right of the underprivileged |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/patna/begusarai/news/reservation-is-not-begging-we-are-the-right-of-the-underprivileged-128683116.html |publisher=Dainik Bhaskar |date=July 11, 2023 |accessdate=October 11, 2025}}</ref>
[[File:Lalita Kumari.jpg|thumb|Lalita Kumari addressing a seminar on the occasion of International Women's Day on 8 March 2021 at Sahebpur Kamal, Begusarai]]
In 2016, Lalita Kumari was elected as the Mukhiya (village head) of the [[Gram panchayat|Gram Panchayat]] Panchveer, Sahebpur Kamal in [[Begusarai district|Begusarai District]], Bihar.<ref name="BiharSEC2025">{{cite web
|title=Local Body Election Results – Bihar State Election Commission
|url=https://sec.bihar.gov.in/old-sec/wcl.aspx
|website=Bihar State Election Commission
|publisher=Government of Bihar
|access-date=20 November 2025
|quote=Post: Mukhiya; District: Begusarai; Block: Sahebpur Kamal – Result page confirms that Lalita Kumari was elected as Mukhiya of Panchveer Gram Panchayat.
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Panchayat Facility Center Inaugurated in Panchveer |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/begusarai-relief-center-started-19267778.html |publisher=Dainik Jagran |date=30 May 2019 |accessdate=11 October 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two Teenagers Drowned in Begusarai |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/bihar/state/begusarai/two-teenagers-died-due-to-drowning-in-begusarai-ganga/bh20230725194829845845710 |publisher=ETV Bharat |date=25 July 2023 |accessdate=11 October 2025}}</ref> She is actively working to promote women's rights and gender equality. Through various campaigns, she has raised awareness against social evils such as child labor, child marriage, dowry, and female foeticide. She is also actively involved in addressing major issues like domestic violence and social discrimination.<ref name="JagranLalita2023">{{cite news
|title=Lalita of Panchveer Panchayat Determined the Future of Others Through Her Leadership Skills
|url=https://archive.org/details/20251118-012843
|work=Dainik Jagran
|location=Patna
|date=15 October 2023
|access-date=20 November 2025
}}</ref> She has led awareness programs in rural areas to encourage social acceptance of inter-caste marriages.<ref>{{Cite web |title=People representatives and villagers support inter-caste marriage in Begusarai |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/begusarai/story-janpreetinidhi-and-villagers-have-married-couple-of-lover-couple-2553699.html |website=Live Hindustan |date=17 February 2019 |access-date=5 October 2025 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=International Women's Day: Half of the population received recognition |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/begusarai-international-womens-day-21441475.html |publisher=Dainik Jagran |date=March 8, 2021 |accessdate=October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Protests Erupt in Begusarai Against Rising Murder and Rape Cases |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/begusarai/story-protests-erupt-in-begusarai-against-rising-murder-and-rape-cases-201759679115585.amp.html |publisher=Live Hindustan |date=October 5, 2025 |accessdate=October 11, 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumari, Lalita}}
[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians]]
[[Category:Indian women activists]]
[[Category:People from Begusarai district]]
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{Bihar-politician-stub}}

Satara State

2026-03-12T18:15:25Z

LiveHi: started first stub more to come - done

{{Short description|Princely state in India}}
{{Infobox former country
| flag_caption = [[Bhagwa Dhwaj|Flag]]
| status = [[Princely state]] of the [[East India Company|British East India Company]]
| conventional_long_name = Satara State
| common_name = Satara State
| year_start = {{Start date|1818||}}
| year_end = {{End date|1849||}}
| p1 = Maratha Confederacy
| s1 = Company rule in India
| image_flag = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
| flag_border = no
| flag = Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
| image_map = Bombay Presidency (1832).jpg
| image_map_caption = Satara State in 1832
| capital = [[Satara (city)|Satara]]
| religion = [[Hinduism]] and other minority religions
| official_languages = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| title_leader = [[Chhatrapati]]/Raja
| leader1 = [[Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara|Pratap Singh]] (first)
| year_leader1 = 1818 {{endash}} 1839
| leader2 = [[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahaji]] (last)
| year_leader2 = 1839 {{endash}} 1849
| stat_area1 = 11,144
| stat_year1 = 1901
| stat_area2 = 7,924
| stat_year2 = 1848
| stat_pop1 = 671,000
| currency = [[Rupee]], [[Paisa]], [[Shivrai]]
| today = [[India]]
}}

The '''Satara State''' was a Maratha [[rump state]] in India created after the fall of the [[Maratha Confederacy]] in 1818 following the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]], and annexed by the British in 1849 using the [[Doctrine of lapse]]. The state was ruled by the [[Bhonsle]] dynasty, descendants of [[Shivaji]], the founder of the [[Maratha kingdom]].

The first Raja of the state was Pratap Singh who was installed on the throne by the British after they defeated Peshwa [[Bajirao II]] in 1818. [[Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara|Pratap Singh]] was deposed in 1838. His brother, [[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahaji]] succeeded him but died without a natural heir in 1848 and At that time the Revenue of entire satara princely state was 15,00,000 rupees just before its annexation under the Doctrine of Lapse (1848). Afterward the revenue was 30,00,000 rupees around 1901. At that time, the [[East India Company]] government refused to accept Shahaji's adopted son as his successor under the company's Doctrine of lapse, a policy introduced by the then Governor, [[James Broun-Ramsay, 1st Marquess of Dalhousie|
Lord Dalhousie]], and absorbed the territory into the growing British dominion.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kulkarni|first1=Sumitra|title=The Satara raj, 1818-1848 : a study in history, administration, and culture|date=1995|publisher=Mittal Publications|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788170995814|pages=2–3|edition=1st|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYOSHaZnBy8C&dq=raj&pg=PR9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ramusack|first1=Barbara N.|title=The Indian princes and their states|date=2007|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521039895|pages=81–82|edition=Digitally print. version.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kz1-mtazYqEC&dq=satara&pg=PP1|accessdate=13 October 2016}}</ref>

== Rulers of Maratha Empire ==

'''Satara State''':
* [[Shivaji I]] ({{reign|1674|1680}}) (Founder of the Maratha Empire and Crowned as Chhatrapati in 1674 at Raigad Fort.)
* [[Sambhaji]] ({{reign|1680|1689}}) (Son of Shivaji & Fought against Aurangzeb but was captured and executed in 1689.)
* [[Rajaram I]] ({{reign|1689|1700}}) (Younger son of Shivaji and Rajaram Maharaj died of lung disease in 1700.)
* [[Shivaji II]] ({{reign|1700|1708}}) (Grandson of Shivaji Maharaj and Released by the Mughals in 1707 after Aurangzeb’s death. His reign saw the rise of the Peshwas, who became the de facto rulers of the Maratha Empire.)
* [[Shahu I]] ({{reign|1708|1749}}) (son of Sambhaji and grandson of Chhatrapati Shivaji, he was the first ruler of Satara after the Mughal emperor released him from captivity)
* [[Rajaram II of Satara|Rajaram II]] ({{reign|1749|1777}}) (nominally, grandson of Rajaram I) and (Queen Tarabai ruled after Shahu I but had little real power as the Peshwas controlled the administration)
* [[Shahu II of Satara|Shahu II]] ({{reign|1777|1808}}) (His reign saw increasing British interference)
* [[Pratap Singh, Raja of Satara|Pratap Singh]] ({{reign|1808|1839}}) – After the fall of the Peshwas in 1818, He signed a treaty with the East India Company ceding part of the sovereignty of his kingdom to the British company{{sfnp|Kulkarni|1995|p=21}}
* [[Raja Shahaji of Satara|Shahji III (APPA SAHEB)]] ({{reign|1839|1848}}) (The last ruler before the British annexed Satara under the Doctrine of Lapse)
* Venkatji (Bhau Saheb) ({{reign|1848|1864}})
* Pratapsinhji I (Bhau Saheb) ({{reign|1865|1874}})
* Rajaram III (Abba Saheb) ({{reign|1874|1904}})
* Shivaji Rajaram (Anna Saheb) ({{reign|1904|1914}})
* Pratapsinh II (Bhau Saheb) ({{reign|1914|1925}})
* Shahu (Bala Saheb) ({{reign|1925|1950}})
* Pratapsinh (Baba Saheb) ({{reign|1950|1978}})
* [[Udayanraje Bhosale]] ({{reign|1978|present}})

== Territory ==
The state comprised the modern day [[Satara district]], and parts of the [[Pune district]], the [[Sangli district]], the [[Solapur district]] and the [[Bijapur district, Karnataka]].

== See also ==
* [[Kolhapur State]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:1818 establishments in India]]
[[Category:1848 disestablishments]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of India]]
[[Category:Princely states of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1849]]

{{India-geo-stub}}
{{India-PrincelyState-stub}}

Nadistuti Sukta

2026-03-09T13:11:58Z

LiveHi:

[[File:Nadistutisukta.jpg|thumb|The Nadistuti sūkta from Hymn 75 of the [[Mandala 10|10th mandala]] of the Rigveda]]
The '''Nadistuti Sukta''' ({{langx|sa|नदीस्तुति सूक्तम्}}; {{IAST3|Nadīstuti Sūktam}}) is the 75th [[hymn]] (''sukta'') of [[Mandala 10|10th Mandala]]<ref>Together with 1st Mandala, 10th Mandala forms the latest part of the Rigveda</ref> of the [[Rigveda]].
Nadistuti sukta is important for the reconstruction of the geography of the [[Vedic civilization]]. [[Sindhu]] (the [[Indus]]) is addressed as the mightiest of rivers and addressed specifically in verses 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9.

==The rivers==
{{Main|Rigvedic rivers}}

In verse 5, the [[rishi]] enumerates ten rivers, beginning with the [[Ganga River|Ganga]] and moving westwards:

{{quote|''Oh Ganga, Yamuna, Sarasvati, Shutudri (Sutlej), Parushni (Iravati, Ravi), follow my praise! O Asikni (Chenab) Marudvridha, Vitasta (Jhelum), with the Arjikiya (Haro) and Sushoma (Sohan), listen!''|Translation: [[Ralph T.H. Griffith|Griffith]]<ref>{{cite web|title=HYMN LXXV. The Rivers | url= https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv10075.htm | website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}}
[[File:Rigvedic geography.jpg|right|thumb|Rivers mentioned in Rigveda]]
[[File:Sarasvati river.jpg|thumb|Vedic and present-day Ghaggar-Hakra river-course, with [[Āryāvarta|Aryavarta]]/[[Kuru kingdom]], and pre-Harappan Hakra/Shutudri-Yamuna paleochannels as proposed by {{harvtxt|Clift et al.|2012}} and {{harvtxt|Khonde et al.|2017}}.{{refn|group=lower-alpha|See [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Satellite-image-of-the-Indus-River-system-showing-the-study-sites-Stars-indicate_fig1_229062223 Clift et al. (2012) map] and [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05745-8/figures/1 Honde te al. (2017) map].}} 1 = ancient river 2 = today's river 3 = today's Thar desert 4 = ancient shore 5 = today's shore 6 = today's town 7 = dried-up Harappan Hakra course, and pre-Harappan Sutlej paleochannels ({{harvtxt|Clift et al.|2012}}).]]
#[[Ganges|Ganga]]
#[[Yamuna]]
#[[Sarasvati River|Sarasvati]]
#[[Sutlej River|Sutudri]]
#[[Ravi River|Parusni]]
#[[Chenab River|Asikni]]
#Marudvrdha
#[[Jhelum River|Vitasta]]
#[[Haro River|Arjikiya]]
#[[Soan River|Susoma]]

Verse 6 adds northwestern rivers (tributaries of the [[Indus]] flowing through Afghanistan and north-western Pakistan),

{{quote|''“First thou goest united with the Trishtama on this journey, with the Susartu, the Rasa, and the Sveti, O Sindhu with the Kubha (Kophen, Cabul river) to the Gomoti (Gomal), with the Mehatnu to the Krumu ( Kurum) with whom thou proceedest together."''|Translated by [[Max Mueller]].}}

[[Ralph T.H. Griffith|Griffith]] translates:
"First united with the Trishtama in order to flow, with the Susartu and
Rasa, and with this Svetya (you flow), O Sindhu (Indus) with the Kubha
(Kabul R.) to the Gomati (Gomal), with the Mehatnu to the
Krumu (Kurram), with whom you rush together on the same chariot."

#[[Trstama]]
#[[Susartu]]
#[[Rasā]]
#[[Shvetya]]
#[[Indus River|Sindhu]]
#[[Kabul River|Kubha]]
#[[Gomal River|Gomati]]
#[[Krumu]]
#Mehatnu

According to [[Max Mueller]] on 10.75.5 in the book ''India: What Can It Teach Us?'' :
"Satadru (Sutlej)". "Parushni (Iravati, Ravi)". "Asikni, which means black". "It is the modern Chinab". " Marudvridha, a general name for river. According to Roth the combined course of the Akesines and Hydaspes". Vitasta, the last of the rivers of the Punjab, changed in Greek into Hydaspes"."It is the modern Behat or Jilam". "According to [[Yaska]] the Arjikiya is the Vipas". "Its modern name is Bias or Bejah". "According to Yaska the Sushoma is the Indus".

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | last1 =Clift | first1 =Peter D. | ref ={{sfnref|Clift et al.|2012}} | last2 =Carter | first2 =Andrew | last3 =Giosan | first3 =Liviu | last4 =Durcan | first4 =Julie | display-authors =etal | year =2012 | title =U–Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River | journal =Geology | volume =40 | issue =3 | pages =211–214 | doi =10.1130/g32840.1 | bibcode =2012Geo....40..211C | s2cid =130765891 }}
* {{Citation | last1 =Khonde | first1 =Nitesh | last2 =Kumar Singh | first2 =Sunil | last3 =Maur | first3 =D. M. | last4 =Rai | first4 = Vinai K. | last5 =Chamyal | first5 =L. S. | last6 =Giosan | first6 =Liviu | year =2017 | title =Tracing the Vedic Saraswati River in the Great Rann of Kachchh | journal =Scientific Reports | volume =7 | issue =1 | page =5476 | doi =10.1038/s41598-017-05745-8 | pmid =28710495 | pmc =5511136 | bibcode =2017NatSR...7.5476K | url =|ref={{sfnref|Khonde et al.|2017}}}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20030519124910/http://www.tri-murti.com/ancientindia/rigHistory/ch4.htm The Geography of the Rigveda]}}

{{Rigveda}}

[[Category:Rigveda]]
[[Category:Rigvedic rivers| ]]
[[Category:Vedic hymns]]
[[Category:Rigvedic Suktas]]

Naresh Prasad Singh

2026-03-07T15:37:14Z

LiveHi:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}{{Infobox Indian politician|office=Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]}}

'''Naresh Prasad Singh''' (born 1963)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Naresh Prasad Singh(Independent(IND)):Constituency- BISHRAMPUR(PALAMU ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=11133 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Jharkhand]]. He is an MLA from [[Bishrampur Assembly constituency]] in [[Palamu district|Palamu District]]. He won the [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Rashtriya Janata Dal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-24 |title=Jharkhand result signals RJD revival as party bags 4 of 6 seats it contested |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/jharkhand-result-signals-rjd-revival-as-party-bags-4-of-6-seats-it-contested-9686887/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jharkhand Election Results 2024: RJD surprise element in polls, party candidates leading in 5 of 6 assembly seats |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/jharkhand-assembly/jharkhand-assembly-elections-2024-rjd-surprise-element-in-polls-party-candidates-leading-in-5-of-6-assembly-seats/article68901277.ece |access-date=2024-11-26 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Bishrampur, Jharkhand|Bishrampur]], Palamu District, Jharkhand. He is the son of Doman Singh. He passed Class 12 in 1978 at G. L. A. College, [[Daltonganj]], Palamu.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Singh won from Bishrampur Assembly constituency representing [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] in the 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled votes and defeated his nearest rival, [[Ramchandra Chandravanshi]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 14,587 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Naresh Prasad Singh, RJD Candidate from Bishrampur Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/jharkhand/naresh-prasad-singh-s27aed2008a077e2024c011/ |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Bishrampur, Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: RJD's Naresh Prasad Singh wins Bishrampur with 74338 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/bishrampur-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-jaelb-2638497-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Earlier, he lost the [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]] finishing third behind Chandravanshi of the Bharatiya Janata Dal and Rajesh Mehta of the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishrampur Constituency Election Results 2024: Bishrampur Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/constituency-show/bishrampur |access-date=2024-11-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Naresh Prasad}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Palamu district]]

Shikar (2006 film)

2026-03-04T03:46:00Z

LiveHi: started some details more to come

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Shikar
| image = Shikar Bengali movie poster.jpg

| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| native_name =
| director = Saran Dutta
| producer =
| writer = Saran Dutta
| screenplay = Saran Dutta
| story = Saran Dutta
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = [[Koel Mallick]] [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]] [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]
| music = [[Ashok Bhadra]]
| cinematography = Soumik Haldar
| editing = Sharmistha Jha
| studio = Cine Friends 2003
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2006|12|1|Kolkata}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross = 20 lakh
}}

'''''Shikar''''' ({{translation|Hunt}}) is a 2006 Bengali-language [[action thriller film]] written and directed by Saran Dutta and produced under the banner of Cine Friends 2003. The film stars actors [[Koel Mallick]], [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]] and [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]. Music of the film has been composed by [[Ashok Bhadra]]. The film was released on 1 December 2006.<ref name="main details">{{cite web|title=Shikar (2006 - Bengali)|url=http://www.gomolo.com/shikar-movie/15426|publisher=Gomolo|accessdate=17 March 2019}}</ref>

== Plot ==
An astrologer by profession, Baburam Panja is the gang-leader of a group of goons who murder people for money. Saheb, Hero and Khyapa are three skilled members of his group. Police officer Rajesh Yadav, who knows about the misdeeds of Baburam, hatches a plan to catch him. He gets hold of Saheb, whom he thought as a bait to catch Baburam. In the police station, Saheb was beaten to death. However, later the fact is revealed that the person, whom Rajesh mistook as Saheb, was actually Bimal, his lookalike. Seema, Bimal's wife, tried to save him, but was unfortunately sent to a [[brothel]]. In the brothel, Seema [[attempted suicide]], but was saved by Reshmi and some other people. On the other hand, Saheb, Khyapa and Hero visited the brothel and came across all the facts that happened with Seema. Saheb, who became extremely wrathful on hearing what happened with the innocent couple, decided to save Seema from Baburam by killing him. Meanwhile, Rajesh came to know about the real incident and his mistake. He became furious upon realizing that Saheb was still alive in the brothel. He again arranges a plot, where he uses Baburam as the bait. He thought that after Saheb kills Baburam, he will kill him too. A dramatic encounter follows the events after the trio kill Baburam, where Khyapa and Hero died and Saheb was released by Rajesh who felt pity for him. A severely injured Saheb returns to the brothel to meet Seema, who in the course of incidents, fell in love with him. The film ends as Saheb and Seema leave the brothel to start a new life together.

== Cast ==
* [[Koel Mallick]] as Seema
* [[Amitabh Bhattacharjee]] as Saheb/Bimal
* [[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Police Officer Rajesh Yadav
* [[Shantilal Mukhopadhyay]] as Baburam Panja
* [[Kanchan Mullick]] as Khyapa
* Sagnik Chattopadhyay as Hero
* [[June Malia]] as Reshmi
* [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Ramu
* [[Tapas Paul]] as senior police officer of Rajesh

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Shikar
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Ashok Bhadra]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2006
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=26|s=38}}
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title = Abhimanyu
| prev_year = 2006
| next_title = Prem
| next_year = 2007
}}

[[Ashok Bhadra]] composed the music for ''Shikar''. Lyrics are penned by Saran Dutta and Priyo Chattopadhyay.<ref name=songs>{{cite web|title=Shikar songs|url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/bengali/album/B0000927.html|website=[[Raaga.com]]|accessdate=16 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Shikar songs list">{{cite web|title=Songs list|url=http://www.saavn.com/s/#!/s/album/bengali/Shikar_-_Songs_And_Dialogues-2006/CxWxKrkYwA4_|publisher=[[Saavn]]|accessdate=16 August 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921175103/http://www.saavn.com/s/#!/s/album/bengali/Shikar_-_Songs_And_Dialogues-2006/CxWxKrkYwA4_|archivedate=21 September 2013}}</ref>

=== Track listing ===
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 26:38
| title1 = Du Chokhe Oi Aalto Hasi
| lyrics1 = Saran Dutta
| extra1 = [[Shreya Ghoshal]], [[Babul Supriyo]]
| length1 = 5:05
| title2 = Bhagaban Bhyabachyaka
| lyrics2 = Saran Dutta
| extra2 = Jojo, [[Kharaj Mukherjee]], Shamik Sinha
| length2 = 3:35
| title3 = Ektu Hasir Chhonwate
| lyrics3 = Saran Dutta
| extra3 = [[Kumar Sanu]]
| length3 = 3:55
| title4 = Ki Katha Lekha
| lyrics4 = Priyo Chattopadhyay
| extra4 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| length4 = 5:11
| title5 = Mone Kanna Amar
| lyrics5 = Priyo Chattopadhyay
| extra5 = Kumar Sanu
| length5 = 4:33
| title6 = Sumanar Mon Bhalo
| lyrics6 = Priyo Chattopadhyay
| extra6 = [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| length6 = 4:19
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shikar}}
[[Category:2006 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ashok Bhadra]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]

Darling Darling (1977 film)

2026-03-03T23:29:28Z

LiveHi: general corrected structure as per guidelines further and improved wording

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Darling Darling
| image = Darling Darling(Hindi Movie).jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Gogi Anand]]
| producer =
| writer =
| starring = [[Dev Anand]] [[Zeenat Aman]]
| music = [[R. D. Burman]]
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1977}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Darling Darling''''' is 1977 [[Hindi]]-language [[Action comedy|action comedy film]] directed by [[Gogi Anand]] and starring [[Dev Anand]] and [[Zeenat Aman]] in lead roles.<ref name="Reuben1994">{{cite book|last=Reuben|first=Bunny|title=Mehboob, India's DeMille: the first biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ExhlAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=24 September 2012|date=December 1994|publisher=Indus|isbn=978-81-7223-153-8|page=189}}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Dev Anand]] as Kumar
*[[Zeenat Aman]] as Madhu
*[[Mehmood (actor)|Mehmood]] as Debu
*[[Jeevan (Hindi actor)|Jeevan]] as Dr. Jeevan
*[[Helen (actress)|Helen]] as Club Dancer
*[[Sajjan (actor)|Sajjan]] as Rai Bahadur Dinanath
*[[Nadira (Indian actress)|Nadira]] as Mrs. Rai Bahadur
*[[Shakti Kapoor]] as Bablu
*[[Durga Khote]] as Kumar's Mother
*[[Poonam Sinha]] as Seema
*[[Shivraj]] as Advocate
*[[Dheeraj Kumar]]

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film was composed by [[R. D. Burman]], while lyrics were written by [[Anand Bakshi]].

It has a popular song sung by [[Kishore Kumar]], "Aise Na Mujhe Tum Dekho, Seene Se Laga Loonga". This song's shooting took place inside the fort at [[Mahabaleshwar]], [[Maharashtra]].
{|class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singer
|-
| "Aise Na Mujhe Tum Dekho, Seene Se Laga Loonga"
| [[Kishore Kumar]]
|-
| "Woh Aurat Hai, Yeh Hai Sharab, In Dono Mein Kahiye Janab"
| Kishore Kumar
|-
| "Hello Darling, Hello Darling, Darling Darling"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
| "Raat Gayi Baat Gayi"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Ek Main Hoon, Ek Tu, Aur Kya Chahiye"
| Kishore Kumar, Asha Bhosle
|-
| "Yeh Duniya Kya Hai, Yeh Duniya Pagalkhana Hai"
| Kishore Kumar, [[R. D. Burman]]
|-
| "Yeh Dum Halwai"
| Kishore Kumar, [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0275291|Darling Darling}}

[[Category:1977 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1977 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by R. D. Burman]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Jaun Elia

2026-03-03T16:37:54Z

LiveHi: updated

{{Short description|Pakistani poet (1931–2002)}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox writer
| honorific suffix = [[Pride of Performance|PP]]
| name = Jaun Elia
| native_name = {{nq|جون ایلیا}}
| native_name_lang =
| image = Jaun7.jpg
| caption =
| pseudonym = Jaun Elia
| occupation = [[Poet]]
| nationality = Pakistani
| education =
| alma_mater =
| period =
| genre = [[Ghazal]]
| subject =
| movement = [[Progressive Writers Movement]]
| notableworks = ''Shayad'', ''Yani'', ''Lekin'', ''Gumman'', ''Goya'', ''Farnood''
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Zahida Hina]]|1970|1984|reason=divorced}}
| partner =
| relatives = [[Kamal Amrohi]] (cousin) [[Rais Amrohvi]] (older brother)
| awards = [[Pride of Performance]] award by the [[President of Pakistan]] in 2000
| portaldisp =
| imagesize =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1931|12|14}}
| birth_place = [[Amroha]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2002|11|08|1931|12|14}}
| death_place = [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]], Pakistan
| birth_name = Syed Hussain Sibt-e-Asghar Naqvi
}}
'''Syed Hussain Sibt-e-Asghar Naqvi{{efn|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|سید حسین سبطِ اصغر نقوی}}}}}}''' (14 December 1931 – 8 November 2002), commonly known by his [[Takhallus|pen name]] '''Jaun Elia''',{{efn|{{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|جون ایلیا}}}}}} was a [[Pakistani]] [[poet]].<ref name=BBC>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/c8dqgznqd1no?at_campaign=Social_Flow&at_link_id=DB72204A-B9C9-11EF-BC8F-C641EBFC933A&at_campaign_type=owned&at_link_type=web_link&at_medium=social&at_link_origin=BBC_URDU&at_bbc_team=editorial&at_format=link&at_ptr_name=facebook_page&fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTEAAR0MerFBIXL5nIgXsZGw_LSJsmp_H8m6XfInEp58ABMrqdhJmYVyTNsIrSk_aem_5ISmRO9uvicVOdzn-JSP8Q|title=جون ایلیا: اپنے خیالوں میں گم مسافر جسے شاعروں کا شاعر کہا گیا (Jaun Elia, who has been called a poet of poets) (in Urdu language)|date=14 December 2024|url-status=dead|access-date=7 November 2025|archive-date=24 January 2025|website=BBC News اردو |author=Reyhan Fazal|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124191724/https://www.bbc.com/urdu/articles/c8dqgznqd1no?at_campaign=Social_Flow&at_link_id=DB72204A-B9C9-11EF-BC8F-C641EBFC933A}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaun Eliya - Profile & Biography |url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/jaun-eliya/profile |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] |language=en}}</ref>

One of the most prominent modern [[Urdu poets]] of {{Transliteration|ur|[[ghazal]]s}} (amatory poems), popular for his unconventional ways, he "acquired knowledge of [[philosophy]], [[logic]], [[Islamic history]], the Muslim [[Sufi]] tradition, Muslim religious sciences, [[Western literature]], and [[Kabbalah|Kabbala]]".<ref name=":0" />

He was fluent in [[Urdu]], [[Arabic]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[English language|English]], [[Farsi|Persian]], [[Sanskrit]] and [[Hebrew]].<ref name=BBC/><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/462641/urdu-poet-jaun-elia-remembered-on-10th-death-anniversary/|title=Urdu poet Jaun Elia remembered on 10th death anniversary|website=[[The Express Tribune]]|access-date=2016-11-16|date=8 November 2012}}</ref> Elia was also the younger brother of poet [[Rais Amrohvi]].

== Early life and family ==
Jaun Elia was born on 14 December 1931 in [[Amroha]], UP, [[British India]] into an educated [[Shia Islam|Shia]] family. He was the youngest child of Allama Shafiq Hassan Elia.<ref name=BBC/><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=26 August 2018 |title=In search of Jaun Elia |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/in-search-of-jaun-elia-641825 |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name=TheNation2>{{Cite news|last=Alam |first=Iftikhar|date=9 November 2016|url-status=dead|title=Jani! kya aaj meri barsi hai–Yani kya aaj mar gya tha main? |url=https://nation.com.pk/09-Nov-2016/jani-kya-aaj-meri-barsi-hai-yani-kya-aaj-mar-gya-tha-main|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191026112829/https://nation.com.pk/09-Nov-2016/jani-kya-aaj-meri-barsi-hai-yani-kya-aaj-mar-gya-tha-main|archive-date=26 October 2019|access-date=2025-11-09|newspaper=The Nation newspaper}}</ref> His father was a scholar of literature and astronomy well-versed in the Arabic, English, Persian, Hebrew and Sanskrit languages, and who corresponded with leading intellectuals like [[Bertrand Russell]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Altaf |first=Salman |date=2017-11-05 |title=Essay: The Elia Paradox |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1367921 |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> Jaun Elia was the youngest of his siblings: his brother [[Rais Amrohvi]] was a poet and psychoanalyst while another brother, Syed Mohammed Taqi, was a philosopher and a translator who had translated [[Karl Marx]]'s ''[[Das Kapital]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 November 2002 |title=KARACHI: Jon Elia's death condoled |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/66001/karachi-jon-elia-s-death-condoled |website=Dawn News}}</ref> Indian film director [[Kamal Amrohi]] was his first cousin.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite web |author=Kureshi |first=Manzoor |date=4 April 2014 |title=In the name of father |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1097578 |access-date=26 March 2018 |publisher=[[DAWN (newspaper)|Dawn]]}}</ref> Another relative in Pakistan is actor [[Munawar Saeed]], famous for his roles as a villain.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suhayb |first=Muhammad |date=22 June 2021 |title=Good to be Bad: The Villains of Pakistani Cinema |url=https://www.youlinmagazine.com/article/good-to-be-bad-the-villains-of-pakistani-cinema/MjAyNg== |access-date=25 March 2023 |website=Youlin Magazine |quote=Related to famous poets like Raees Amrohvi and Jaun Elia, Munawwar Saeed often had trouble with the Punjabi language, and often reverted back to Urdu in his dialogue.}}</ref>

Described as a child prodigy, Jaun was initially educated at the Syed-ul-Madaris in Amroha, a [[madrasa]] affiliated with the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2002 |title=KARACHI: Jon knew how to enthral audience |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/65845/karachi-jon-knew-how-to-enthral-audience |website=[[Dawn News]]}}</ref>

==Marriage and Children==
He married writer [[Zahida Hina ]] in the year 1970. He met her during the publication of an urdu language magazine ''Insha'' and ended up falling in love with her.<ref name=BBC/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Zahida Hina - Profile & Biography |url=https://www.rekhta.org/authors/zahida-hina-3/profile |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] |language=en}}</ref> They got separated in 1984 and later divorced due to differences in their temperament.<ref name=BBC/>

They have three children, Zeryoun Elia, Fainnana and Sohaina Elia<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-11 |title=Jaun Elia: An Enduring Legacy In Urdu Poetry |url=https://thefridaytimes.com/11-Nov-2024/jaun-elia-an-enduring-legacy-in-urdu-poetry |access-date=2026-03-03 |website=The Friday Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Writing career ==
He began writing poetry when he was 8 but published his first collection, ''Shayad'', when he was 60.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2018 |title=Jaun Elia remembered |url=https://nation.com.pk/2018/12/15/jaun-elia-remembered/ |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[The Nation (Pakistan)|The Nation]] |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Political views ==
=== Partition and migration to Pakistan ===
Being a communist, Elia [[opposition to the partition of India|opposed the partition of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=5 November 2011 |title=Master of loneliness and frenzy {{!}} Pakistan Today |url=https://archive.pakistantoday.com.pk/2011/11/05/master-of-loneliness-and-frenzy/ |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[Pakistan Today]] |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Life and politics in South Asia (Part 1) |url=https://www.jamhoor.org/read/2020/4/3/life-and-politics-in-south-asia |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=Jamhoor |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=All writings of Jaun Eliya |url=https://www.rekhta.org/poets/jaun-eliya/all |access-date=2022-08-23 |website=[[Rekhta (website)|Rekhta]] |language=en}}</ref> However, he eventually migrated to Pakistan in 1956, and decided to live in [[Karachi]].<ref name=BBC/>

=== Communism ===
In his poems, he supported [[Socialism in Pakistan|communism in Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Salim |first=Saquib |date=2018-06-29 |title=Jaun Elia: A Communist Poet Who Found Religion and Marxism Compatible |url=https://thewire.in/culture/jaun-elia-a-communist-poet-who-found-religion-and-marxism-compatible |access-date=2021-05-26 |website=The Wire}}</ref> References to [[class consciousness]] are also seen in his poems. He also was described as ''"An [[Anarchism|anarchist]], a [[Nihilism|nihilist]], and a poet"''.<ref name=DunyaNews/>

==Death, legacy and popular culture==
Jaun Elia died on 8 November 2002 at age 70 in Karachi, Pakistan.<ref name=RadioPakistan/> Some people that knew him called him a difficult, temperamental and complicated person. He also drank alcohol excessively which then contributed to his health problems.<ref name=BBC/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Debdutta |title=Pakistan's Jaun Elia was more than a tragic poet. He was an atheist, Marxist & philosopher |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/pakistans-jaun-elia-was-more-than-tragic-poet-was-atheist-marxist-philosopher/2346698/ |access-date=3 November 2025 |work=The Print website|date=8 November 2024}}</ref>

Poet [[Pirzada Qasim]] said:
{{blockquote|Jaun was very particular about language. While his diction is rooted in the [[classicism|classical]] tradition, he touches on new subjects. He remained in quest of an ideal all his life. Unable to find the ideal eventually, he became angry and frustrated. He felt, perhaps with reason, that he had squandered his talent.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Urdu Literature (2 Vols. Set)| publisher=Global Vision Publishing | author=Samiuddin, Abida|year=2007|pages=201|isbn=9788182201910}}</ref>}}

According to [[BBC News]] website:
<blockquote>
Jaun Elia's friend Qamar Razi once said of him, "He was quick to criticize, but he was a true friend, a lost traveler in his thoughts".<ref name=BBC/>

Noted Indian poet [[Majrooh Sultanpuri]] called him "the poet of poets"...<ref name=BBC/>
</blockquote>

In 2020, Punjabi rapper Kay Kap's album ''Rough Rhymes for Tough Times'' featured a song entitled ''Bulaava'' which had couplets from the poem ''Pehnaayi Ka Makaan'' written and recited by Jaun Elia.<ref>{{Citation |title=Kay Kap (Ft. Jaun Elia) – Bulaava |url=https://genius.com/Kay-kap-bulaava-lyrics |access-date=2022-08-23}}</ref>

In 2020, Pakistani rock-fusion band Nishtar Park released a single ''Purane Aur Naye Sawal'' which was based on Elia's ghazal ''Umr Guzaregi Imtihan Mein Kya''.

In 2023, Urdu rapper [[Talha Anjum]]’s album ''Open Letter'' featured a song entitled ''Secrets'' which was strongly influenced by Jaun Elia’s poem ''Be-dilli Kya Yuhin Din Guzar Jaenge''. Talha Anjum’s other works are also heavily influenced by Jaun Elia’s poetry.

===Commemorative postage stamp===
On his death anniversary of 8 November 2013, [[Pakistan Post|Pakistan Post Office]] issued a commemorative postage stamp to honor him for his literary services in its 'Men of Letters' series.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tareekhepakistan.com/public/index.php/detail/1948|url-status=dead|title=Men of Letters - Jaun Elia|website=Tareekh-e-Pakistan website|date=8 November 2013|archive-date=7 November 2025|access-date=9 November 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107191655/https://tareekhepakistan.com/public/index.php/detail/1948}}</ref>

==Awards and recognition==
*[[Pride of Performance]] award by the [[President of Pakistan]] for his literary services in 2000.<ref name=TheNation>{{cite news|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Nov-2022/renowned-poet-jaun-elia-remembered|url-status=dead|date=9 November 2022|archive-date=6 December 2022|access-date=7 November 2025|title=Renowned poet Jaun Elia remembered|newspaper=The Nation newspaper|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206170840/https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Nov-2022/renowned-poet-jaun-elia-remembered}}</ref><ref name=RadioPakistan>{{cite web|url=https://radio.gov.pk/08-11-2024/death-anniversary-of-jaun-elia-being-observed-today|url-status=dead|date=8 November 2024|archive-date=8 November 2024|access-date=7 November 2025|website=Radio Pakistan website|title=Death anniversary of Jaun Elia observed|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241108203620/https://radio.gov.pk/08-11-2024/death-anniversary-of-jaun-elia-being-observed-today}}</ref>

== Works ==
=== Poetry collections ===
*''Sukhan Meri Udasee Hai''
*''Zakham-e-Umeed''
*''Mubada''
*''Tumharey Aur Mere Darmiyan''
*''Daricha Haye Kheyal''
*''Qitaat''
*''Jaun Elia Ki Tamam Ghazlain'' (parts I-III)
*''Inshaye aur Mazaameen''
*''Farnood''<ref name=DunyaNews/>
*''Shayad''<ref name=DunyaNews/><ref name=RadioPakistan/>
*''Firaaq''
*''Lekin''<ref name=DunyaNews/><ref name=RadioPakistan/>
*''Goya''<ref name=RadioPakistan/>
*''Gumaan''<ref name=RadioPakistan/>
*''Ramooz''<ref name=RadioPakistan/>
*''Ya'ni''<ref name=RadioPakistan/>

=== Prose work (mainly translations) ===
Elia was not just a poet but was also an editor and a translator, especially of old [[Sufi]], [[Mutazili]] and [[Ismaili]] treatises.
* ''Masih-i-Baghdad [[Hallaj]],''
* ''Jometria,''
* ''Tawasin, usman''
* ''Isaghoji,''
* ''Rahaish-o-Kushaish,''
* ''[[Hasan bin Sabah]]''
* ''Farnod, Tajrid,''
* ''Masail-i-Tajrid,''
* ''Rasail [[Ikhwan al Safa]]''
Above are some of his translations from Arabic and Persian. Not only did he translate these books but also introduced several new words in the Urdu language.<ref name=DunyaNews>{{Cite web|date=7 November 2016|title=Jaun Elia - An anarchist, annihilist, and a poet - Pakistan |url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/307638-Jaun-Elia--An-anarchist-a-nihilist-and-a-poet |access-date=2025-11-08|website=Dunya News website|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520204153/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/307638-Jon-Elia--An-anarchist-a-nihilist-and-a-poet}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Rais Amrohvi]]
* [[Rahat Indori]]
* [[Munawwar Rana]]

== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book |last=Iqbal |first=Neha |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/jaun-eliya-hayat-aur-shayari-neha-iqbal-ebooks |title=Jaun Eliya Hayat Aur Shayari |year=2019 |isbn= |location=Amroha |language=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Syed |first=Naseem |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/jaun-eliya-khush-guzran-guzar-gaye-ebooks |title=Jaun Eliya-khush Guzran Guzar Gaye |publisher=Academy Bazyaft |year=2011 |location=Karachi |language=ur}}
* {{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Rahat Raees |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pJmFEAAAQBAJ |title=Qurbat-e-Tanhai, Unheard Jaun Elia |date=25 August 2022 |publisher=Bluerose Publishers |location=Noida |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sikandar |first=Irshad Khan |title=Jaun Elia Ka Jin |publisher=Rajpal and Sons |publication-date=7 March 2023 |language=hi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Imam |first=Ameer |title=Koi Rehta Hai Aasmaan Mein Kya |publisher=Rekhta Publications |year=2023 |location=Delhi |language=hi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Firozabadi |first=Muntazir |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/759255851/Jaun-Elia-Ek-Ajab-Ghazab-Shayar-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%97-%E0%A4%9C-%E0%A4%AC-%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0-Hindi |title=Jaun Elia: Ek Ajab-Ghazab Shayar |publisher=Hind Yugm |year=2019 |isbn=9789384419998 |edition=3rd |location=Noida |language=hi}}
* {{Cite book |last=Elia |first=Jaun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RQVNEAAAQBAJ |title=Lekin |date=2021-11-09 |publisher=Vani Prakashan |isbn=978-93-90678-58-7 |editor-last=Vishwas |editor-first=Dr. Kumar |editor-link=Kumar Vishwas |language=hi}}

==External links==
* [https://www.nawadiraat.org/poets/jaun-elia Collection of writings on Jaun Elia] {{in lang|ur}}
* [https://poetistic.com/writers/jaun-elia Jaun Elia sher/ghazal/nazm collection]

{{Pride of Performance for Arts}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Elia, Jaun}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Linguists of Urdu]]
[[Category:Pakistani literary critics]]
[[Category:Pakistani Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Poets from Karachi]]
[[Category:Urdu-language theologians]]
[[Category:20th-century Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani poets]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:People from Amroha]]
[[Category:Members of the Pakistan Philosophical Congress]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani linguists]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani philosophers]]
[[Category:Indian communist poets]]
[[Category:Pakistani communist poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Karachi]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Pride of Performance]]

Yeh Hai Jalwa

2026-03-03T11:50:29Z

LiveHi: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|2002 film by David Dhawan}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Yeh Hai Jalwa
| image = Yeh Hai Jalwa.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[David Dhawan]]
| producer = Kanchan Ketan Desai Ketan Desai
| writer = Rumi Jaffery
| starring = [[Salman Khan]] [[Rishi Kapoor]] [[Ameesha Patel]]
| narrator =
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Himesh Reshammiya]] [[Anand Raj Anand]] '''Score:''' [[Aadesh Shrivastava]]
| cinematography = [[Ashok Mehta]]
| editing = [[David Dhawan]]
| studio = MKD Films Combine
| distributor = Sohail Khan Productions
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2002|07|03}}
| runtime = 142 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{INR}} 8 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=618|title=Yeh Hai Jalwa – Movie|publisher=[[Box Office India]]|access-date=18 September 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173934/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=618|url-status=live}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}} 10.88 crore<ref name="auto"/>
}}
'''''Yeh Hai Jalwa''''' ({{Translation|''This Is Magic''}}) is a 2002 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[romantic comedy]] film directed by [[David Dhawan]]. It stars an [[ensemble cast]], including [[Salman Khan]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Ameesha Patel]], [[Sanjay Dutt]] and [[Shammi Kapoor]], with [[Kader Khan]], [[Rati Agnihotri]], [[Anupam Kher]], [[Kiran Kumar]], [[Rinke Khanna]] and [[Sharad Kapoor]] in supporting roles. It is inspired by the American film ''[[Carbon Copy (film)|Carbon Copy]]''.<ref name=Hindu>{{cite news |last1=Mahesh|first1=Chitra |title=FRIDAY REVIEW "Yeh Hai Jalwa"|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/yeh-hai-jalwa/article28571293.ece |access-date=31 October 2022 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 August 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502101647/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/yeh-hai-jalwa/article28571293.ece |archive-date=2 May 2022}}</ref> Ameesha Patel later claimed the film was a failure at the box office due to the hit-and-run case that Salman Khan was involved in around the time of its release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ameesha Patel talks about 'Yeh Hai Jalwa' failure: Salman Khan's accident... |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/salman-khan-ameesha-patel-yeh-hai-jalwa-flop-david-dhawan-hit-and-run-case-2425378-2023-08-23 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=India Today|archive-date=23 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823224422/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/salman-khan-ameesha-patel-yeh-hai-jalwa-flop-david-dhawan-hit-and-run-case-2425378-2023-08-23 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
{{long plot|date=August 2022}} 
The story is about an orphan named Raj Saxena/Mittal, aka Raju, a businessman in India. His mother died when he was very young, and his father had already left him. At work, Raju witnesses Rajesh Mittal winning an award on TV. Raju realizes that Rajesh is none other than his dad, and leaves immediately for London. At the airport, he meets Sonia Singh, who has too much luggage and tries to get Raju to hold it. Raju understands her plan, and it backfires on Sonia. The two then fall in love with each other.

After this, Raju finds Rajesh and tells him the truth. He then finds out that Rajesh is already married to Smitha and has two kids, Rinkie and Bunty. Rinkie is about to marry Vicky, but she is unaware of his drug dealings. Raju gives Rajesh seven days to break the news to his family and call Raju his son, or he'll tell the family himself. After he leaves, Rajesh gets scared and hires gangsters to attack him. On his way out, Raju gets beaten up by the hired gangsters, though he is later rescued by Shera, also an Indian living in London. He saves Raju from getting beaten up and helps him as well.

He advises Raju to go into Rajesh's house as a family friend and to get to know the entire family. When Raju asks Rajesh to give him a good place to stay, Rajesh takes him to his friend Robin Singh's mansion. There, he meets Sonia again and learns that she is Robin's daughter. They gradually fall in love. On the eighth day, Raju goes to Rajesh's bungalow but realizes the family is on holiday. Therefore, Raju goes back to India, until he overhears Robin calling Rajesh and inviting him over to his house. Raju gets into the boot of Robin's car so he can also go with them.

Rajesh is horrified when he sees Raju come. Raju stays with the family at the resort. Rajesh finds out that Raju's visa has expired, and he calls the police. They take Raju. Purshottam Mithal is at the airport as he has come back from Paris, and Raju sees him. Raju tells him that he knows Rajesh. Purshottam renews Raju's visa and takes him back to the Mithal mansion.

When Rajesh gets home, he thinks that he will have no problems with Raju. However, he is mistaken as he sees Raju at his mansion. Rajesh hires goons with the help of Robin, but Raju finds out and switches his photo with Rajesh's. The goon picks a fight with Rajesh on a jog, but Raju comes to save him with Purshotam in tow. A few days later, Rajesh has to go to a conference overseas, and Raju accompanies him. The company that Rajesh is in a partnership is blaming Rajesh for the lack of sales lately. Raju then explains to the company that it is their fault because their products are crap. Rajesh tells Raju to be quiet, but the company urges Raju to go on. They tell Raju to come and join their company, but he claims he is unable to leave Rajesh. Rajesh is happy with Raju; he gets drunk and calls Raju his son.

When Rajesh gets up in the morning, Raju has bought breakfast. Raju then goes to patch things up with Sonia, only to witness her trying to make him jealous by flirting with another boy. When he leaves to stop her, he realizes the boy she is flirting with is actually Shera, his good friend. He explains his problem and that the two actually love each other, so Shera backs off and explains to Raju that if he needs any help, he would be there. He also tells Raju where Vicky always does drug deals.

Raju catches Vicky red-handed as he is talking to his partners about dealing drugs. Raju shows Rajesh and Rinkie the truth, and Rinkie is devastated. Rajesh hits Vicky, and Vicky shoots Rajesh.

Rajesh is taken to the hospital. Both of his kidneys have failed, and he needs a kidney. Purshottam offers his, but he is diabetic, so he is unable to donate. Smitha does too, but her blood group is not a match for Rajesh's. Smitha says that Bunty will, but he denies it as he wants to be a pop singer. She says Rinkie will, but she denies it as she wants to have babies when she is older. The next morning, Purshottam tells the doctor that he has called all his relatives, and one of them at least will be able to give a kidney. The doctor tells him not to worry, as someone has already given one. He asks who, but the doctor says that the person has asked to keep him anonymous.

In the end, Rajesh confesses to the family that Raju is his son. Raju says he is lying, and Rajesh is confused. He says to Raju, "Didn't you want me to say this?," and Raju says, "Why are you lying? You're not my father." But Raju does confess, and everyone finds out that Raju was the one who gave a kidney to Rajesh. Purshottam and Smitha aren't mad at Rajesh but, in fact, happy that Raju is related to them. They live happily ever after.

== Cast ==
*[[Rishi Kapoor]] as Rajesh Mittal
*[[Salman Khan]] as Raj "Raju" Saxena / Raj Mittal
*[[Ameesha Patel]] as Sonia Singh
*[[Poonam Dhillon]] as Meghna Saxena Mittal (photograph)
*[[Rati Agnihotri]] as Smita Mittal
*[[Rinke Khanna]] as Rinkie Mittal
*[[Shammi Kapoor]] as Boss (cameo appearance)
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Robin Singh
*[[Kader Khan]] as Purshottam Mittal
*[[Sharad Kapoor]] as Vikram aka Vicky
*[[Ajay Nagrath]] as Bunty Mittal
*Anil Nagrath as Dr. Khanna
*[[Shahbaz Khan (actor)|Shahbaz Khan]] as Chotu
*[[Kiran Kumar]] as Chotu's elder brother
*[[Navin Nischol]] as Surgeon
*[[Jaspal Bhatti]] as Buta Singh
*[[Gavin Packard]] as Goon
*[[Sanjay Dutt]] as Shera (special appearance)

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Yeh Hai Jalwa
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 6 February 2002
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label = [[Universal Music India]]
| producer = Himesh Reshammiya
| prev_title = [[Humraaz]]
| prev_year = 2002
| next_title = [[Chalo Ishq Ladaaye]]
| next_year = 2002
}}

The album features seven songs composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]] and the lyrics penned by [[Sudhakar Sharma]], apart from the song "London Mein India" which was composed by [[Anand Raj Anand]] and the lyrics were penned by [[Dev Kohli]].

===Track lists===
{{Track listing
| title1 = Dheere Dheere Aana Main Chain Churana
| length1 = 5:23
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| extra1 = [[Zubeen Garg]], [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Udit Narayan]]
| title2 = Aankhen Pyari Hain
| length2 = 6:07
| extra2 = [[Alka Yagnik]], [[Kumar Sanu]]
| title3 = Carbon Copy
| note3 =
| length3 = 5:00
| extra3 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]]
| title4 = Chudi Khankayi Re
| note4 =
| length4 = 5:28
| extra4 = Alka Yagnik, Udit Narayan
| title5 = O Jaane Jigar
| note5 =
| length5 = 6:20
| extra5 = Alka Yagnik, Kumar Sanu
| title6 = London Mein India
| note6 =
| length6 = 6:00
| extra6 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Pankaj Udhas]]
| title7 = Carbon Copy
| note7 = Duet
| length7 = 6:39
| extra7 = [[Shaan (singer)|Shaan]], Kumar Sanu
}}

==Critical response==
[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 1.5 stars out of 5, writing, ″On the whole, YEH HAI JALWA is an ordinary entertainer with nothing much to rave about.″<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/yeh-hai-jalwa/critic-review/yeh-hai-jalwa-movie-review/|title=Yeh Hai Jalwa Review 1.5/5 | Yeh Hai Jalwa Movie Review | Yeh Hai Jalwa 2002 Public Review | Film Review|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|access-date=31 October 2022|archive-date=11 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011160539/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/201817|url-status=live}}</ref> Chitra Mahesh of [[The Hindu]] wrote, "Usually these days, even if the film lacks credibility it is made up by good cinematography, special effects or sometimes even the music – in this case, however, none of these elements help in salvaging either the story or the proceedings. At best it's a film you can watch if you are terribly jobless!."<ref name=Hindu/> Priya Ganapati of [[Rediff.com]] wrote, "While there was some method in the madness of Dhawan's earlier flicks, [[Aankhen (1993 film)|Aankhen]], [[Saajan Chale Sasural]] and [[Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)|Coolie No 1]], Dhawan's recent films have been insipid. His last two releases – [[Kyo Kii... Main Jhuth Nahin Bolta|Kyunkii Main Jhooth Nahi Bolta]] and [[Hum Kisise Kum Nahin (2002 film)|Hum Kisise Se Kum Nahin]] -- slipped out of the theatres in a jiffy. Yeh Hai Jalwa will only complete the trilogy of disasters for Dhawan."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/26jalwa.htm|title=rediff.com: Movies: The Rediff Review: Yeh Hai Jalwa|publisher=Rediff.com|access-date=31 October 2022|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126022504/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/26jalwa.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{David Dhawan}}

[[Category:2002 films]]
[[Category:2002 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2002 romantic comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by David Dhawan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy-drama films]]

Madhuri Dixit

2026-02-28T06:59:51Z

LiveHi: revised

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1967)}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madhuri Dixit
| image = Madhuri Dixit in November 2022.jpg
| caption = Dixit in 2022
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|05|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bombay]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| nationality = 
| other_names = Madhuri Dixit Nene
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|television personality}}
| years_active = 1984{{ndash}}present
| works = [[Madhuri Dixit filmography|Full list]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Shriram Madhav Nene|17 October 1999}}
| children = 2
| awards = [[List of awards and nominations received by Madhuri Dixit|Full list]]
| honours = [[Padma Shri]] (2008)
| website =
| signature = Madhuri Dixit Signature.png
}}

'''Madhuri Dixit Nene''' ([[Maiden and married names|née]] '''Dixit''', {{IPA|sa|d̪iːkʂɪt̪|pron}}; born 15 May 1967) is an Indian actress and television personality. She has appeared in [[Madhuri Dixit filmography|over 70]] [[Hindi]] films, attaining nationwide stardom that influenced Indian [[popular culture]].<ref name=forbes /><ref name="popular" /> Noted by critics for her performances and dancing abilities, Dixit was credited for singularly paralleling her male contemporaries by leading [[star vehicle]]s in a male-dominated industry.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Goldenberg |first1=Suzanne |author1-link=Suzanne Goldenberg |title=Heartbreak for millions as Indian film idol weds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |access-date=5 December 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=8 November 1999 |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531234617/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |url-status=live}}</ref> Her [[List of awards and nominations received by Madhuri Dixit|accolades]] include six [[Filmfare Awards]] from a record 17 nominations. In 2008, the [[Government of India]] awarded her with [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest civilian honour of the country.

Born and raised in [[Mumbai]], Dixit made her acting debut in 1984 with a leading role in the drama ''[[Abodh]]''. After a few successive commercially failed films, she rose to prominence with the action drama ''[[Tezaab]]'' (1988), and established herself with starring roles in the top-grossing romantic dramas ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), ''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]'' (1992), ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' (1994), and ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997). She won four [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Filmfare Awards for Best Actress]] for her performances in them. Other commercially successful films during this period include ''[[Ram Lakhan]]'', ''[[Tridev (film)|Tridev]]'' (both 1989), ''[[Thanedaar]]'', ''[[Kishen Kanhaiya]]'' (both 1990), ''[[Saajan]]'' (1991), ''[[Khalnayak]]'' (1993), and ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'' (1995).

Apart from Dixit's mainstream success, she earned appreciation from critics for her performances in ''[[Prem Pratigyaa]]'', ''[[Parinda]]'' (both 1989), ''[[Anjaam]]'' (1994), ''[[Mrityudand]]'' (1997), ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]'' (2000), and ''[[Lajja (2001 film)|Lajja]]'' (2001). She received the [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for playing [[Chandramukhi (character)|Chandramukhi]] in ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002). Following a hiatus, Dixit made a brief comeback by starring in the musical ''[[Aaja Nachle]]'' (2007), and acted intermittently over the next decades. During this period, she primarily featured as a talent judge for dance reality shows, such as ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' (2010–2022) and ''[[Dance Deewane]]'' (since 2018). She continued to gain praise for starring in the black comedy ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]'' (2014) and the [[Netflix]] drama series ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]'' (2022), and had her highest-grossing releases in the comedies ''[[Total Dhamaal]]'' (2019) and ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'' (2024).

Dixit was among the country's highest-paid celebrities throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, and has featured in ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'s}} [[Forbes Celebrity 100|Celebrity 100]] list since its inception in 2012.<ref>{{cite news | access-date=30 April 2020 | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19950215-filmstars-take-advantage-of-their-star-appeal-hike-prices-806903-1995-02-15 | title=Filmstars take advantage of their star appeal, hike prices | work=[[India Today]] | date=15 February 1995 | author=Chopra, Anupama | author1-link=Anupama Chopra | archive-date=12 October 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045029/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19950215-filmstars-take-advantage-of-their-star-appeal-hike-prices-806903-1995-02-15 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Omar">{{cite book |title=Bollywood: An Insider's Guide |first=Fuad |last=Omar |year=2006 |isbn=1-84728-009-9 |page=270 |publisher=Lulu.com |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kF7dECS-cIC&q=Bollywood:+An+Insider%27s+Guide |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427072614/https://books.google.com/books?id=8kF7dECS-cIC&q=Bollywood:+An+Insider%27s+Guide#v=snippet&q=Bollywood%3A%20An%20Insider's%20Guide&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition to acting, she has been engaged in philanthropic activities. She has worked with [[UNICEF]] since 2014 to advocate the [[Children's rights|rights of children]] and prevent [[child labour]], participates in concert tours and stage shows, and is the co-founder of the production company RnM Moving Pictures. Since 1999, she has been married to Shriram Nene, with whom she has two sons.

== Early life and background ==
Madhuri Dixit was born on 15 May 1967 into a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Kokanastha Brahmin]] family in [[Bombay]] to Shankar and Snehlata Dixit.<ref name="IE_May2015"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lets-get-to-know-madhuri-dixit-better_1595676.html |title=Let's get to know Madhuri Dixit better! |date=15 May 2015 |access-date=24 April 2016 |website=Zee News |last=Handoo |first=Ritika |archive-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524221639/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lets-get-to-know-madhuri-dixit-better_1595676.html |url-status=live |quote=A star kid was born to Shankar and Snehlata Dixit, a Marathi family.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Priya |date=30 May 2013 |title=Shah Rukh is not a good dancer but has charisma: Madhuri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shah-Rukh-is-not-a-good-dancer-but-has-charisma-Madhuri/articleshow/20330177.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=25 May 2019 |archive-date=7 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200107182802/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Shah-Rukh-is-not-a-good-dancer-but-has-charisma-Madhuri/articleshow/20330177.cms |url-status=live |quote=..We both come from similar backgrounds and are Konkanastha brahmins..}}</ref> She has two elder sisters and an elder brother.<ref name="IE_May2015">{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit: 'Dhak Dhak' girl turns 48 |url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-dhak-dhak-girl-turns-47/ |work=The Indian Express |date=15 May 2015 |access-date=18 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912192829/http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-dhak-dhak-girl-turns-47/#2madhuri_dixit_parents |archive-date=12 September 2017}}</ref> She kindled an interest in dance at an early age of three, and went on to train in [[Kathak]] for eight years; later on becoming a professionally trained [[Kathak]] dancer.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dance me no nonsense |url=http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article145715.ece |work=The Hindu |access-date=6 January 2011 |location=Chennai, India |first=Anjana |last=Rajan |date=4 March 2010 |archive-date=2 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110702193342/http://www.thehindu.com/arts/article145715.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Madhuri's Ardent Admiration for Kathak |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=175494 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=4 October 2011 |location=New Delhi |first=Pallab |last=Bhattacharya |date=26 February 2011}}</ref>

{{blockquote|I received a scholarship as a Kathak dancer when I was nine. I even remember that it was due to a dance performance that the first time my name had appeared in the paper. I was seven or eight years old at that time and had performed at the Guru Purnima festival. And there was a journalist who was there and he had written this article saying that 'this little girl stole the show' – something like that. I was over the moon. So dance gave me a sense of achievement. Of worth."<ref>{{cite web |title=Happy birthday, Madhuri: 15 things you didn't know about the Dhak Dhak Girl |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-15-things-you-didn-t-know-about-the-dhak-dhak-girl/story-ful1XrKllegmFnIgTxvdnL_amp.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 May 2017 |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=20 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520035925/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-15-things-you-didn-t-know-about-the-dhak-dhak-girl/story-ful1XrKllegmFnIgTxvdnL_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref>}}

Dixit received her education at Divine Child High School in [[Andheri]]. Apart from her studies, she participated in extra-curricular activities, such as dramatics.<ref>{{cite web |title=How Madhuri Dixit got her Bollywood debut? |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/how-madhuri-dixit-got-her-bollywood-debut/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=11 September 2015 |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005749/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/how-madhuri-dixit-got-her-bollywood-debut/lite/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Aspiring to become a [[microbiologist]], Dixit enrolled at the Sathaye college in [[Vile Parle]] (Mumbai) where she studied [[microbiology]] as one of her subjects in BSc.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema |last=Ganti |first=Tejaswini |year=2004 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-28854-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bollywoodguidebo0000gant/page/134 134] |url=https://archive.org/details/bollywoodguidebo0000gant |url-access=registration}}</ref> However, six months after she had commenced her course, Dixit decided to discontinue studies and pursue a full-time career in films.<ref>{{cite web |title=AIB Podcast with Madhiri Dixit Nene (26 May 2018) |url=https://in-vid.net/video/aib-podcast-feat-madhuri-dixit-oG-9BZiocYg.html |website=AIB podcasts |publisher=AIB |access-date=31 May 2018 |archive-date=13 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113043049/https://in-vid.net/video/aib-podcast-feat-madhuri-dixit-oG-9BZiocYg.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Acting career ==
{{further|Madhuri Dixit filmography}}

=== 1980s: Early roles and breakthrough ===
Dixit made her debut in film in 1984 with [[Rajshri Productions]]' drama ''[[Abodh]]'', opposite Bengali actor, [[Tapas Paul]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=IANS |title=How Madhuri Dixit got her Bollywood debut? |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/how-madhuri-dixit-got-her-bollywood-debut/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=11 September 2015 |archive-date=11 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711183710/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/how-madhuri-dixit-got-her-bollywood-debut/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film failed commercially but Dixit's performance earned her positive reviews from critics. Aakash Barvalia of Gomolo wrote, "Madhuri excels in her role as a young bride who acquits herself well as the naive village girl and does not realise what marriage actually entails."<ref>{{cite web |title=Abodh Movie Review |url=http://www.gomolo.com/abodh-movie-review/5637/606859 |publisher=Gomolo |access-date=26 July 2012 |first=Aakash |last=Barvalia |archive-date=5 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205001112/http://www.gomolo.com/abodh-movie-review/5637/606859 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her only release of 1985 – ''[[Awara Baap]]'' – flopped at the box office.<ref name="toi2" /> During this time, a monochrome photograph of hers, shot by [[Gautam Rajadhyaksha]] was featured on the cover of the then-popular magazine ''[[Debonair (magazine)|Debonair]]''<ref>{{cite news |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit: As the Dhak Dhak girl turns 52, here are lesser known facts about her |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-as-the-dhak-dhak-girl-turns-52-here-are-lesser-known-facts-about-her/story-2USZVhcvZYIg69FXQV9n2N.html |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 May 2019 |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> and she appeared as the cover girl of [[Filmfare]] in April 1986.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singhal |first1=Divya |title=30 Years of Madhuri Dixit Magazine Covers – And She's Still Fab! |url=https://english.fashion101.in/news/FAS-CELF-CSF-madhuri-dixits-magazine-covers-over-the-years-5323913.html |access-date=31 May 2018 |newspaper=Daily Bhaskar |date=14 May 2016 |archive-date=19 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190219015759/https://english.fashion101.in/news/FAS-CELF-CSF-madhuri-dixits-magazine-covers-over-the-years-5323913.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Dixit's next four releases were the dramas ''[[Swati (1986 film)|Swati]]'' (1986), ''[[Manav Hatya]]'' (1986), ''[[Hifazat (1987 film)|Hifazat]]'' (1987) and ''[[Uttar Dakshin]]'' (1987). All films were critical and commercial failures.<ref name="toi2">{{cite news |title=Madhuri Dixit: Lesser known facts |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Madhuri-Dixit-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/47294216.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518045127/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/Madhuri-Dixit-Lesser-known-facts/photostory/47294216.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Hifazat marked Dixit's first of several collaborations with [[Anil Kapoor]]. In 1988, Dixit had film releases; two of them —''[[Mohre]]'', and ''[[Khatron Ke Khiladi (1988 film)|Khatron Ke Khiladi]]'' —were commercial failures.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raheja |first1=Dinesh |title=The actor who renounced success |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/28dinesh.htm |website=[[Rediff]] |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=26 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160726054856/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2003/jan/28dinesh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1988, Dixit acted in ''[[Dayavan]]'', which was a commercially successful film.<ref>{{cite web | last=Vinayak | first=Gayatri | title=Bollywood's underworld love affair: Eight films on real-life gangsters who terrorised Mumbai | website=Yahoo | date=19 September 2017 | url=https://in.style.yahoo.com/bollywoods-underworld-love-affair-eight-slideshow-wp-043709118.html | access-date=17 July 2022 | archive-date=21 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121174536/https://in.style.yahoo.com/bollywoods-underworld-love-affair-eight-slideshow-wp-043709118.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Her next release of the year was [[N. Chandra]]'s action drama ''[[Tezaab]]'', opposite Anil Kapoor. Dixit performance as Mohini, an impoverished and miserable woman compelled to perform dances in order to earn money for her father, earned her mainstream recognition.<ref name="toi1">{{cite web |author1=IANS |title='Gorgeous' Madhuri Dixit turns 48 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Gorgeous-Madhuri-Dixit-turns-48/articleshow/47299866.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=15 May 2015 |archive-date=12 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412004323/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Gorgeous-Madhuri-Dixit-turns-48/articleshow/47299866.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Tezaab'' went on to become the highest-grossing film of the year and Dixit received her first [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] nomination.<ref name="awards">{{cite web |url=http://oldbh.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/9126/index.html |title=Madhuri Dixit: Awards & Nominations |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920083808/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrities/awards/9126/index.html |archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> The film's success established Dixit as a leading actress of Hindi cinema and marked a significant point in her career.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=194&catName=MTk4OA== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131224648/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=194&catName=MTk4OA%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 January 2009 |title=Bollywood Films of 1988 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> Akshay Shah of ''Planet Bollywood'' wrote, "Madhuri Dixit also gives a fine tuned performance. Though she is more remembered for her crowd pleasing dance act 'Ek Do Teen', her acting needs to be noted, specially in the scenes where she is pitted against [[Anupam Kher]]."<ref>{{cite web |title=Tezaab Movie Review |url=http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041806055221 |publisher=Planet Bollywood |access-date=27 July 2012 |first=Akshay |last=Shah |archive-date=11 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065927/http://www.planetbollywood.com/displayReview.php?id=041806055221 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Her first release of 1989, ''[[Vardi (film)|Vardi]]'', did fairly well at the box office. She next re-united with Anil Kapoor for [[Subhash Ghai]]'s ''[[Ram Lakhan]]''. She played Radha Shastri, a girl who falls in love with her childhood friend, but finds it hard to convince her father. ''Ram Lakhan'' was the second highest-grossing Hindi-language film of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk5MA== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730011822/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk5MA%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2013 |title=Bollywood Films of 1989 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> Dixit's next release was the romantic drama ''[[Prem Pratigyaa]]'', opposite [[Mithun Chakraborty]]. Her portrayal of Laxmi Rao, a distraught woman who reforms a local underworld don, earned her a second nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="awards" /> Madhuri Dixit was cast opposite [[Sunny Deol]] in [[Trimurti Films]]' multi-cast thriller film''[[Tridev]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=पहली ही फिल्म में सुपरहिट रही जोड़ी, फिर आखिर क्यों दोबारा साथ नजर नहीं आए सनी -माधुरी ? |url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-gadar-2-sunny-deol-did-not-work-with-madhuri-dixit-in-any-film-after-tridev-know-reason-here-2488125 |work=ABP News |language=hi |date=5 September 2023 |access-date=14 September 2025}}</ref> It finished up as one of the biggest hits and the third highest-grossing film of the year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ==&PHPSESSID=f87e5a978dbf69f7f9fc90ced85b36d0 |title=Box Office 1989 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=9 March 2019 |archive-date=18 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080118030808/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=195&catName=MTk4OQ==&PHPSESSID=f87e5a978dbf69f7f9fc90ced85b36d0 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Her next release of the year, [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]]'s drama ''[[Parinda]]'', co-starring Anil Kapoor, Jackie Shroff and [[Nana Patekar]] was another box office hit. She played Paro, a schoolteacher who is killed on her wedding night along with Karan (played by Kapoor) by a gangster (played by Patekar). A major critical success, the film was included in [[News18]]'s 2013 list of the "100 greatest Indian films of all time".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-9.html |title=100 Years of Indian Cinema: The 100 greatest Indian films of all time |website=[[News18]] |date=17 April 2013 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425234438/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/13200-9.html |archive-date=25 April 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It was selected as the [[List of Indian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|official Indian submission]] for the 1990 [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] but was not nominated.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/867334/10-bollywood-movies-you-didnt-know-were-selected-for-oscars-from-india/3/ |title=10 Bollywood movies you didn't know were selected for Oscars from India |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112185227/http://www.financialexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/867334/10-bollywood-movies-you-didnt-know-were-selected-for-oscars-from-india/3/ |archive-date=12 November 2017}}</ref> Rediff.com opined that Dixit added "touching vulnerability and soft focus appeal to the heavy duty proceedings".<ref name="perf" /> Also that year, after ''Prem Pratigyaa'' she starred in ''[[Ilaaka]]'', ''[[Mujrim]]'' (both opposite Mithun Chakraborty) and all three were hits. Other films such as ''[[Paap Ka Ant]]'' (opposite [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]) and ''[[Kanoon Apna Apna]]'' (opposite [[Sanjay Dutt]]) was an average grosser.<ref name="Usman 2018">{{cite book |last=Usman |first=Yasser |title=Sanjay Dutt: The Crazy Untold Story of Bollywood's Bad Boy |year=2018 |publisher=Juggernaut Books |isbn=9789386228581 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fK5oDwAAQBAJ |access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>

=== 1990s: Established actress ===

In 1990, Dixit appeared in nine films. Five of them—''[[Maha-Sangram]]'', ''[[Deewana Mujh Sa Nahin]]'', ''[[Jeevan Ek Sanghursh]]'', ''[[Sailaab (1990 film)|Sailaab]]'' and ''[[Jamai Raja (film)|Jamai Raja]]''—were commercially unsuccessful. Her next release that year was [[Rakesh Roshan]]'s action comedy ''[[Kishen Kanhaiya]]'' (alongside Anil Kapoor and [[Shilpa Shirodkar]]). It tells the story of twin brothers who are separated at birth and re-unite in their youth. Dixit and Shirodkar played the love interests of Kapoor's characters. It was the fourth-highest-grossing film of the year in India.<ref name="BO 1990" /> Dixit next played a strong-willed woman in the box-office average action drama ''[[Izzatdaar]]''.<ref name="BO 1990" /> She won her first [[Filmfare Best Actress Award|Filmfare Award for Best Actress]] for portraying Madhu, a rich and arrogant girl who falls in love with a poorer boy, in [[Indra Kumar]]'s romantic drama ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' opposite [[Aamir Khan]]. It emerged as the highest-grossing film of the year.<ref name="BO 1990">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131152321/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=196&catName=MTk5MA%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 January 2009 |title=Bollywood Films of 1990 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> Rediff.com hailed her performance, commenting "..she showed her range as a performer. She breathed fire as the rebellious lover defying her family, or the forlorn estranged wife longing to be with her ailing better half."<ref name="perf">{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/watch/20060512.htm |title=Weekend Watch: A Madhuri Special! |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045030/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/watch/20060512.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit's final release of the year was the action drama ''[[Thanedaar]]'', opposite Dutt, which was another commercial hit.<ref name="BO 1990" />

In 1991, Dixit had five film releases, the first of which was the romance ''[[Pyar Ka Devta]]''. She next starred alongside Jackie Shroff in the [[psychological thriller]] ''[[100 Days (1991 film)|100 Days]]''. She played Devi, a clairvoyant woman who has a vision of a murder and sets out to uncover the truth. The film was a moderately successful.<ref name="BO91">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=197&catName=MTk5MQ== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131152326/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=197&catName=MTk5MQ%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 January 2009 |title=Bollywood Films of 1991 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> She next starred in ''[[Saajan]]'' opposite Dutt and [[Salman Khan]]. A major critical and commercial success, the film earned Dixit praise for her portrayal of Pooja Saxena, who is in love with her idol – Sagar. She received her fourth Best Actress nomination at Filmfare for her work in the film.<ref name="awards" /><ref name="BO91" /> [[T. Rama Rao]]'s ''[[Pratikar]]'' and Nana Patekar's ''[[Prahaar: The Final Attack|Prahaar]]'' were her other releases.

In 1992, Dixit starred in [[Sudhir Mishra]]'s ''[[Dharavi (1992 film)|Dharavi]]'' starring [[Om Puri]], [[Shabana Azmi]] and Anil Kapoor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/from-mrityudand-to-dedh-ishqiya-every-time-madhuri-dixit-won-hearts-with-offbeat-films/dharavi/slideshow/75752189.cms |title=From 'Mrityudand' to 'Dedh Ishqiya', Every Time Madhuri Dixit Won Hearts With Offbeat Films |date=15 May 2020 |access-date=30 May 2021 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427072616/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/from-mrityudand-to-dedh-ishqiya-every-time-madhuri-dixit-won-hearts-with-offbeat-films/dharavi/slideshow/75752189.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit appears in the film as part of the lead character's (played by Puri) escapist dreams, portraying the fictional version of herself. The film was a joint [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NFDC]]-[[Doordarshan]] production and went on to win the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nfdcindia.com/view_film.php?film_id=67&show=all&categories_id=8 |title=Dharavi |work=NFDC |url-status=dead |access-date=11 April 2020 |archive-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120209122633/http://www.nfdcindia.com/view_film.php?film_id=67&show=all&categories_id=8}}</ref> Dixit's next release of the year was Kumar's drama ''[[Beta (film)|Beta]]'', co-starring Anil Kapoor and [[Aruna Irani]]. Dixit's portrayal of Saraswati, an educated woman who rebels against her manipulative mother-in-law, earned her critical acclaim. Sukanya Verma mentioned that Dixit delivered "a powerhouse performance against an equally lethal looking Irani, even as Kapoor was overshadowed between the ladies."<ref name="perf" /> The film finished up as [[List of Bollywood films of 1992|the biggest hit of the year]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=198&catName=MTk5Mg== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131152332/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=198&catName=MTk5Mg%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 January 2009 |title=Bollywood Films of 1992 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> and won her a second Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="awards" /> Following the film's success, Dixit became famously known as the "Dhak Dhak Girl". ''[[Zindagi Ek Juaa]]'', ''[[Prem Deewane]]'', ''[[Khel (1992 film)|Khel]]'' and ''[[Sangeet (film)|Sangeet]]'' were her other releases of the year.

In 1993, Dixit appeared in [[Ramesh Talwar]]'s ''[[Sahibaan]]'' which was commercially successful.<ref name="Usman 2018" /> Dixit next reunited with Sanjay Dutt and Jackie Shroff in Subhash Ghai's crime drama ''[[Khalnayak]]''. Her portrayal of Ganga, a police officer, who volunteers to go undercover, to trap an escaped criminal, garnered her critical acclaim. ''[[India Today]]'' wrote, "..she grinds and thrusts in her trademark dhak dhak style. The whistles grow deafening when she stares into the camera, looks at every man in the dark, and promises him her heart-and much more. In one Bangalore theatre, the police were kept on stand-by in case the crowds went berserk."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19930915-the-madhuri-magic-756175-1993-09-15 |title=THE MADHURI MAGIC |date=15 September 1993 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045031/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19930915-the-madhuri-magic-756175-1993-09-15 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit's performance in ''Khalnayak'' earned her a sixth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress and became the second highest-grossing film of the year in India.<ref name="awards" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=199&catName=MTk5Mw== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410191229/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=199&catName=MTk5Mw%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2008 |title=Bollywood Films of 1993 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]]'s ''[[Phool (1993 film)|Phool]]'' and [[Lawrence D'Souza]]'s ''[[Dil Tera Aashiq]]'' were her other releases of the year.

In 1994, Dixit starred in Rahul Rawail's psychological thriller ''[[Anjaam]]'', which marked her first of many collaborations with [[Shah Rukh Khan]]. Dixit's portrayal of Shivani Chopra, a revenge-seeking wife and mother earned her a seventh nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. The film performed moderately well at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=1994&pageId=4 |title=TOP INDIA TOTAL NETT GROSS 1997 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=10 March 2019 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716104405/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=1994&pageId=4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her next release was Rajshri Productions' family drama ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]'' opposite Salman Khan. The film emerged as one of the biggest hits of Hindi cinema and made {{INR}} 1.35 billion worldwide, breaking the record of the film ''[[Sholay]]'' (1975). It became the [[List of highest-grossing Hindi films|highest-grossing Hindi film]] after its theatrical run and held the record for 7 years. Dixit played Nisha, a witty and charming personality who falls in love with her sister's brother-in-law Prem (Khan), but their plans to be together are put in jeopardy when Nisha's sister dies, fetched her a third Filmfare Award for Best Actress and her first [[Screen Award for Best Actress]].<ref name="awards" /> Critics believed the film to be "too sweet" but appreciated Dixit's performance.<ref>{{cite book |title=Bollywood: An Insider's Guide |first=Fuad |last=Omar |year=2006 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=1-84728-009-9 |page=266 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8kF7dECS-cIC&q=Bollywood%3A+An+Insider%27s+Guide |access-date=8 June 2012 |archive-date=11 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220411164546/https://books.google.com/books?id=8kF7dECS-cIC&q=Bollywood%3A+An+Insider%27s+Guide |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Qureshi |first1=Omar |title=The grand wedding celebration cult! |url=http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/nowshowing/index5.htm |access-date=1 May 2020 |year=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000304155147/http://filmfare.indiatimes.com/nowshowing/index5.htm |archive-date=4 March 2000}}</ref> Tripat Narayanan of ''[[New Straits Times]]'' wrote "The Madhuri magic looms large throughout the film. As she emotes through dance, you simply cannot take your eyes off her."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Narayanan |first1=Tripat |title=Leaving The Theatre Filled With Bonhomie |work=New Straits Times |date=18 March 1995 |page=28 |language=en}}</ref> In a retrospect review, ''Rediff'' wrote, "Madhuri's Nisha was stunning, enthused, plucky and irresistible."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/11sld11.htm |title=Readers pick: Madhuri's best films |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=30 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430121902/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/11sld11.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Film critic K Hariharan noted, "She is seducing every person on screen, but does it in ways that are so graceful, there is a good balance between profanity and the sacred."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/25-years-of-hum-aapke-hain-koun-how-the-movie-sparked-a-profound-shift-in-bollywood-4301971.htm/amp |title=25 years of Hum Aapke Hain Koun...! How the movie sparked a profound shift in Bollywood |date=5 September 2019 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921113940/https://www.cnbctv18.com/buzz/25-years-of-hum-aapke-hain-koun-how-the-movie-sparked-a-profound-shift-in-bollywood-4301971.htm/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> The film won two [[National Film Awards]], including the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]]<ref name="42ndawardPDF">{{Cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf |title=42nd National Film Awards |website=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232134/http://dff.nic.in/2011/42nd_nff_1995.pdf |archive-format=PDF |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref> and in the Millennium Edition of the "[[Guinness Book of World Records]]", ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun'' became [[Bollywood]]'s highest-grossing film.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5Mw== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729001612/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=200&catName=MTk5Mw%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=29 July 2013 |title=Bollywood Films of 1994 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref>

Dixit achieved further success when she reunited with Indra Kumar for the romantic drama ''[[Raja (1995 film)|Raja]]'' opposite [[Sanjay Kapoor]]. She portrayed Madhu, a rich girl who falls for her childhood friend (played by Kapoor), however, she finds it tough to convince her two brothers of this relationship. It emerged as [[List of Bollywood films of 1995|the third highest-grossing film of the year]] and its success was attributed to Dixit's immense popularity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5Mw== |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822153133/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=201&catName=MTk5Mw%3D%3D |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 August 2013 |title=Bollywood Films of 1995 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=2 March 2012}}</ref> She won a second Screen Award for Best Actress for her performance.<ref name="awards" /> Her next release was [[David Dhawan]]'s ''[[Yaraana (1995 film)|Yaraana]]'' opposite [[Rishi Kapoor]], in which she played Lalita, a dancer on the run from her abusive lover. The film underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2920 |title=YARAANA |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718033610/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2920 |url-status=live }}</ref> Both the films earned her nominations for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="awards" />

The following year, both her films ''[[Prem Granth]]'' and ''[[Rajkumar (1996 film)|Rajkumar]]'' flopped at the box office.<ref name="Box Office Results 1996">{{cite web |title=Box Office Results 1996 |publisher=Box Office India |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1996.htm |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827200725/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/1996.htm |archive-date=27 August 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1997, Dixit received critical acclaim for her portrayal of Ketki Singh, a village woman who struggles to confront and defeat the forces of oppression and male domination in [[Prakash Jha]]'s ''[[Mrityudand]]'' alongside Shabana Azmi and Shilpa Shirodkar.<ref name="encyc" /> In a review for [[India Today]], [[Anupama Chopra]] wrote, " Dixit gives her career's best performance. Simply dressed, she looks stunning and acts even better. She is by turns romantic, vulnerable, angry – the perfect foil to Azmi's long-suffering 'badi bahu'."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970721-movie-review-mrityudand-starring-shabana-azmi-madhuri-dixit-om-puri-830408-1997-07-21 |title=Movie review: Mrityudand, starring Shabana Azmi, Madhuri Dixit, Om Puri |date=21 July 1997 |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045035/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19970721-movie-review-mrityudand-starring-shabana-azmi-madhuri-dixit-om-puri-830408-1997-07-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Screen India|Screen]]'' magazine deemed her portrayal "fiery" and appreciated the lack of glamour in the part.<ref>{{cite news |title=Brave and progressive |url=http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/review.htm |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=Screen |publisher=Express Group |date=18 July 1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010723180452/http://www.screenindia.com/jul18/review.htm |archive-date=23 July 2001 |language=en}}</ref> For her performance, Dixit won a third Screen Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-biggest-winners/903468/ |title=The biggest winners |last=Parsa |first=Raghu Chandra |date=27 January 2012 |access-date=17 September 2012 |work=The Indian Express |publisher=Indian Express Limited |archive-date=10 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810221907/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-biggest-winners/903468/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She next starred in the dramas ''[[Koyla]]'', ''[[Mahaanta]]'' and ''[[Mohabbat (1997 film)|Mohabbat]]''. With the exception of Koyla, none of these films performed well either critically or commercially.<ref name=BO97>{{cite web |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=1997&pageId=4 |title=TOP INDIA TOTAL NETT GROSS 1997 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=10 March 2019 |archive-date=9 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709064750/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/years.php?year=1997&pageId=4 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit's fifth and final release of 1997 was [[Yash Chopra]]'s musical romantic drama ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]''. Co-starring [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Karisma Kapoor]] and [[Akshay Kumar]], the film depicts the love stories of the dancers in a musical dance troupe. Her role of Pooja, a woman faced with a moral dilemma in a love quadrangle fetched her a fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actress and the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor – Female]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/1998/winners/ |title=1998 Archives – Zee Cine Awards |website=Zee Cine Awards |access-date=24 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209003123/http://www.zeecineawards.com/timeline/1998/winners/ |archive-date=9 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="toi1" /><ref name="encyc">{{cite book |author1=Gulzar |first2=Saibal |last2=Chatterjee |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&pg=PT573 |year=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |page=573}}</ref> ''Dil To Pagal Hai'' emerged as a blockbuster at the box office and emerged as [[List of Bollywood films of 1997|the highest-grossing film of the year]] in India.<ref name=BO97 /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_thank-khans-for-festival-box-office-bonanza_1768306 |title=Thank Khans for festival box office bonanza! |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rashi Aditi |last2=Chakrabarty |first2=Ankita |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=23 November 2012 |access-date=13 December 2012 |archive-date=27 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127233130/http://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report_thank-khans-for-festival-box-office-bonanza_1768306 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the [[45th National Film Awards]], the film won three awards, including the [[National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment|Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf |title=45th National Film Awards |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=7 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004458/http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

She next starred in the N.Chandra-directed drama ''[[Wajood (1998 film)|Wajood]]'' (1998) opposite Nana Patekar and [[Mukul Dev]]. She played Apoorva, a very rich girl who is misunderstood by Malhar, played by Patekar. Suparn Verma of ''Rediff'' commented: "..She nevertheless shows that even a weak role cannot stifle her as she animates the screen like only she can. Truly, the coming together of Nana, Madhuri and Chandra in one film is a tour de force."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/dec/12wajood.htm |title=Nana's tour de force |work=Rediff.com |access-date=8 March 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081322/https://www.rediff.com/movies/1998/dec/12wajood.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, she appeared in a cameo role in the comedy ''[[Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998 film)|Bade Miyan Chote Miyan]]'', once again playing herself onscreen after ''Dharavi''.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Roy Chowdhury |first=Rishita |date=16 October 2020 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bade-miyan-chote-miyan-still-cracks-madhuri-dixit-up-22-years-after-its-release-1732271-2020-10-16 |title=Bade Miyan Chote Miyan still cracks Madhuri Dixit up, 22 years after its release |magazine=India Today |accessdate=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105071538/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/bade-miyan-chote-miyan-still-cracks-madhuri-dixit-up-22-years-after-its-release-1732271-2020-10-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Her next and only release of 1999 was the romance ''[[Aarzoo (1999 film)|Aarzoo]]'' (1999) opposite [[Akshay Kumar]] and [[Saif Ali Khan]]. Upon release, the film emerged commercially unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&q=madhuri+dixit+during+1990%27s&pg=PT573 |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi Cinema |author=Gulazāra and Saibal Chatterjee |publisher=Popular Prakashan |year=2003 |isbn=9788179910665 |page=573 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427072847/https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC&q=madhuri+dixit+during+1990%27s&pg=PT573#v=snippet&q=madhuri%20dixit%20during%201990's&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2000s: Career downturn and sabbaticals ===

In 2000, Dixit starred in [[Rajkumar Santoshi]]'s ''[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]'' opposite Anil Kapoor.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Talwar |first1=Nupur |title=Madhuri's second coming |url=http://www.india-today.com/moviemasala/archives/reviews/pukar.html |access-date=10 May 2020 |work=India Today |year=2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010508205939/http://www.india-today.com/moviemasala/archives/reviews/pukar.html |archive-date=8 May 2001}}</ref> A love story based on the backdrop of the Indian Army, the film was shot over a course of 350 days.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/films/story/19991227-after-a-sluggish-year-bollywood-approaches-the-new-millennium-with-array-of-releases-781269-1999-12-26 |title=New Year fare |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |work=India Today |date=27 December 1999 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=5 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105204249/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/after-a-sluggish-year-bollywood-approaches-the-new-millennium-with-array-of-releases/1/254448.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit's portrayal of Anjali, a heartbroken and jealous woman who swears revenge on Jai (played by Kapoor) for rejecting her, garnered her several Best Actress nominations at various award ceremonies, including Filmfare and Screen.<ref name="awards" /> A review in ''Filmfare'' said that both "Anil Kapoor and Madhuri, veterans in their field, outdo themselves in the film".<ref>{{cite news |title=PUKAR (FILMFARE ONLINE) |url=http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/02_14_2000a.htm |access-date=1 May 2020 |work=Filmfare |date=14 February 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020108180242/http://www.filmfare.com/reviews/02_14_2000a.htm |archive-date=8 January 2002}}</ref> It won two [[National Film Awards]], including the [[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |title=48th National Film Awards |publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals |access-date=14 May 2020 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029195537/http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> She then played the title character in ''[[Gaja Gamini]]'', the first feature film directed by painter [[M. F. Husain]]. Hussain got fixated with Dixit, and watched her movie ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!'' several times, and was certain that he would make a film only with her.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Husain-took-pains-for-Gaja-Gamini/articleshow/49029940.cms |title=Husain took pains for Gaja Gamini |work=The Times of India |date=20 September 2015 |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=31 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031081124/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Husain-took-pains-for-Gaja-Gamini/articleshow/49029940.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The film followed the story of Gaja Gamini, who appears in various incarnations as [[Mona Lisa]], [[Shakuntala]] and others.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/246203/Gaja-Gamini/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105123847/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/246203/Gaja-Gamini/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 January 2016 |title=Gaja Gamini (2001) |last=Deming |first=Mark |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |year=2016 |access-date=27 December 2015}}</ref> ''Pukar'' was an average grosser, while the latter underperformed at the box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/30deepa.htm |title=Oh for a great Hindi film! |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |work=Rediff.com |access-date=27 December 2015 |archive-date=6 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106020842/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2000/dec/30deepa.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110610/jsp/nation/story_14095070.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614142901/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110610/jsp/nation/story_14095070.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 June 2011 |title=Through the eyes of the besotted |last=Roy |first=Priyanka |work=The Telegraph |date=10 June 2011 |access-date=27 December 2015}}</ref>

[[File:Madhuri Dixit.jpg|left|thumb|upright|Dixit at a press meet for ''[[Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke]]'' in 2001]]
In 2001, Dixit starred in Deepak Shivdasani's love triangle ''[[Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke]]'' opposite [[Ajay Devgan]] and [[Preity Zinta]]. Upon release, the film met with largely negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/10yeh.htm |title=Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke Review |work=Rediff.com |access-date=4 August 2012 |last=Siddiqui |first=Shariq |archive-date=19 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019062017/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2001/aug/10yeh.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Critic Gautam Buragohain, however, described her as "the saving grace of the film", adding that "she gives a delightful performance".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Buragohain |first1=Gautam |title=Yeh Raaste Hain Pyaar Ke |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Yeh-Raaste-Hain-Pyaar-Ke-/articleshow/1111519255.cms |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=3 September 2001 |archive-date=11 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711110950/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bollywood/Yeh-Raaste-Hain-Pyaar-Ke-/articleshow/1111519255.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Commercially too, the film failed to do well.<ref name="BO2001">{{cite web |title=Box Office 2001 |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ== |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=22 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115223304/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=207&catName=MjAwMQ%3D%3D |archive-date=15 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Subsequently, Dixit reunited with Rajkumar Santoshi for the social drama ''[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]'' (2001). Dealing with the issue of [[gender inequality]], Dixit played Janki, a theatre actress who gets pre-maritally pregnant. Anita Bora of [[Rediff.com]] wrote: "Madhuri slips into her role as Janaki..with consummate ease..and..dazzles us with a class act."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/31lajja.htm |title=Not just a slick chick flick! |last=Bora |first=Anita |work=Rediff.com |date=31 August 2001 |access-date=23 May 2015 |archive-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927040719/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/aug/31lajja.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was a box-office failure in India but was an overseas success.<ref name="BO2001" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Lajja: a hit overseas |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/08raj.htm |last=Pais |first=Arthur J |work=Rediff.com |access-date=1 July 2011 |date=8 September 2001 |archive-date=24 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024175835/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2001/sep/08raj.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit's performance fetched her a [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] nomination and won her the [[Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Female]].<ref name="awards" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.zeecineawards.com/video/zca-2002-best-actress-in-a-supporting-role-madhuri-dixit/ |title=ZCA 2002 BEST ACTRESS IN A SUPPORTING ROLE MADHURI DIXIT |website=Zee Cine Awards |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=27 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227192950/http://www.zeecineawards.com/video/zca-2002-best-actress-in-a-supporting-role-madhuri-dixit/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit's first release of 2002 was the love triangle ''[[Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam]]'' opposite Shah Rukh Khan and Salman Khan, where she played Radha whose married life blemishes when she gets obsessed with the career of her friend. A remake of director [[K. S. Adhiyaman]]'s own Tamil film ''[[Thotta Chinungi]]'' (1995), the film took six years in making, with huge sabbaticals in between shoots due to several production problems.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/55962 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015012013/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/55962 |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2014 |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=24 May 2002 |access-date=4 August 2012}}</ref> The film emerged moderately successful at the Indian box office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg== |title=Box Office 2002 |publisher=Box Office India |access-date=9 March 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080122163713/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=208&catName=MjAwMg== |archive-date=22 January 2008}}</ref> Few critics noted that the delay made the film look outdated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2002/05/31/hum_tumhare_hain_sanam_2002_review.shtml |title=Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam (2002) |last=Singh |first=Kuljinder |publisher=BBC |date=31 May 2002 |access-date=23 December 2019 |archive-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818205254/http://www.bbc.co.uk/films/2002/05/31/hum_tumhare_hain_sanam_2002_review.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/may/24hum.htm |title=Two's company, three's jealousy |last=Bora |first=Anita |work=Rediff.com |date=24 May 2002 |access-date=24 December 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304044053/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/may/24hum.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit's next release was [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]'s period romantic drama ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'', co-starring Shah Rukh Khan and [[Aishwarya Rai]]. It was based on [[Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay]]'s [[Devdas|novel of the same name]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/23/stories/2002092300860100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030624164944/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/23/stories/2002092300860100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 June 2003 |title=Celebrating Devdas |date=23 September 2002 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=1 June 2011}}</ref> She portrayed [[Chandramukhi (character)|Chandramukhi]], a courtesan who is in love with the title character.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Joshi |first1=Sumit |title=Bollywood Through Ages |page=138 |publisher=Best Book Reads |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WHQWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT138 |access-date=24 April 2016 |isbn=978-1-311-67669-6}}</ref> Sita Menon of [[Rediff.com]] wrote: "The most understated role and perhaps the one that is most lingering, in terms of virtuosity, is that played by Madhuri Dixit. As Chandramukhi, she is simply stunning, lending passion, fire and gentleness with such consummate ease that watching her perform is sheer delight."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jul/12dev.htm |title=Paradise lost |last=Menon |first=Sita |work=Rediff.com |date=12 July 2002 |access-date=4 August 2012 |archive-date=20 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020024631/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/2002/jul/12dev.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ramachandran |first1=S |title=Devdas |url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/july/27200.htm |access-date=2 June 2020 |work=Mid Day |date=22 July 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021008185354/http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/hindimoviesreview/2002/july/27200.htm |archive-date=8 October 2002}}</ref> The film was screened at the [[2002 Cannes Film Festival]] and was featured by ''[[Time Magazine|Time]]'' in their listing of the "10 Best Films of the Millennium".<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Richard |last=Corliss |title=Cannes Kiss Off |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020610-257165,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109062425/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,501020610-257165,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 November 2007 |date=3 June 2002 |access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1439620/Devdas-in-TIME-magazines-Top-10-films-list |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903150511/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/1439620/Devdas-in-TIME-magazines-Top-10-films-list |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 September 2014 |title=Devdas in TIME magazine's Top 10 films list |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |access-date=21 May 2012 |date=21 May 2012}}</ref> The film emerged as a major commercial success with revenues of over {{INRConvert|530|m}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Box Office India report of 2002 |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227015435/http://boxofficeindia.com/2002.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007 |access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas.htm |title=Box Office India report of Overseas Gross |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227020122/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/overseas.htm |archive-date=27 December 2007 |access-date=20 November 2008}}</ref> ''Devdas'' was chosen as India's official entry for the [[List of Indian submissions for Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]] and received a nomination for the [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-interviews/Devdas-nominated-for-best-foreign-film-at-Bafta/articleshow/35681339.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512190326/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-01-27/news-interviews/27288232_1_bafta-british-film-awards-competition-from-awards-veterans |url-status=live |archive-date=12 May 2013 |title=''Devdas'' nominated for best foreign film at Bafta |date=27 January 2003 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=18 June 2011}}</ref> At the [[50th National Film Awards]], the film won five awards, including the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment.<ref name="50thaward">{{cite web |url=http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm50NFAAward.aspx |title=50th National Film Awards |publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140505171754/http://iffi.nic.in/Dff2011/Frm50NFAAward.aspx |archive-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Dixit eventually won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress and the [[Screen Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for her performance in the film.<ref name="awards" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Best of Madhuri Dixit |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/best-madhuri-dixit_173.html |publisher=[[Zee News]] |access-date=23 May 2015 |date=15 May 2012 |archive-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524214945/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/slideshow/best-madhuri-dixit_173.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Post ''Devdas'', Dixit took a break from actively working in films to focus on her married life in [[Denver]], [[Colorado]].

[[File:MadhuriDixit.jpg|thumb|upright|Dixit on the sets of ''[[Nach Baliye 3]]'' during promotions of ''[[Aaja Nachle]]'' in 2007]]
In 2007, after a five-year hiatus from films, Dixit made her first comeback with a leading role in cinematographer [[Anil Mehta]]'s dance film ''[[Aaja Nachle]]''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Photo: Madhuri arrives in Mumbai |work=Rediff.com |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/07madhuri.htm |date=7 December 2006 |access-date=11 December 2006 |archive-date=13 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061213144254/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2006/dec/07madhuri.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shes-back/242577/ |title=She'S Back |last=Singh |first=Harneet |work=The Indian Express |date=23 November 2007 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=8 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108204901/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/shes-back/242577 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="HT1">{{cite web |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit! |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit/story-qQXuZYgbWESnP5xNFUqWRK.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=15 May 2015 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609211009/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit/story-qQXuZYgbWESnP5xNFUqWRK.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She played Dia, a choreographer who returns to her town to save the endangered theatre where she learnt to dance. A box office failure, the film generated positive reviews for Dixit's portrayal.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gajjar |first1=Manish |title=Bollywood Buzz |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2008/05/09/bollywood_buzz_dixit_feature.shtml |publisher=BBC |access-date=22 May 2015 |date=9 May 2008 |archive-date=11 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311082632/http://www.bbc.co.uk/shropshire/content/articles/2008/05/09/bollywood_buzz_dixit_feature.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] of ''[[CNN-News18|CNN-IBN]]'' criticised the plot, while he wrote about Dixit's performance: "It's hard to take your eyes off the screen when she's up there, dazzling you with her spontaneity, her easy charm and her 100-watt smile."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-madhuri-spectacular-in-aaja-nachle/ |title=Masand's Verdict: Madhuri spectacular in Aaja Nachle |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222165543/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-madhuri-spectacular-in-aaja-nachle/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Her performance earned her another nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref name="awards" />

=== 2010s: Sporadic work and television focus ===

Dixit relocated to India with her family in 2011 and was felicitated by [[Filmfare]] with a [[Filmfare Special Award|special jury recognition]] for completing 25 years in the Indian film industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/shah-rukh-khan-kajol-bag-top-honours-at-filmfare-awards-2011-01-30-1.348781 |title=Shah Rukh Khan, Kajol bag top honours at Filmfare Awards |publisher=Emirates 24/7 |date=30 January 2011 |access-date=21 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104952/http://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/2.526/shah-rukh-khan-kajol-bag-top-honours-at-filmfare-awards-2011-01-30-1.348781 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, Dixit made a special appearance in the romantic [[comedy drama|comedy-drama]] ''[[Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani]]'' as Mohini, a callback to her character from the 1988 film ''Tezaab''. Dixti appeared in the item song "Ghagra" alongside [[Ranbir Kapoor]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-the-mohini-returns-in-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani/story-m67lHzO5EFN4uVfd5x19bJ.html |title=Madhuri Dixit, the Mohini returns in Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani |last=Kaushal |first=Shweta |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 May 2013 |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527082504/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-the-mohini-returns-in-yeh-jawaani-hai-deewani/story-m67lHzO5EFN4uVfd5x19bJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2014, Dixit first starred in the black comedy ''[[Dedh Ishqiya]]'', a sequel to the 2010 film ''[[Ishqiya]]'' She played a con-woman, Begum Para, opposite [[Naseeruddin Shah]], [[Arshad Warsi]] and [[Huma Qureshi]] and expressed that she agreed to do the film because of the "unapologetic way" director [[Abhishek Chaubey]] presented [[Vidya Balan]]'s character in ''Ishqiya''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-enjoyed-playing-begum-para-in-dedh-ishqiya/ |title=Madhuri Dixit: Enjoyed playing Begum Para in 'Dedh Ishqiya' |work=The Indian Express |date=9 January 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222161206/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-enjoyed-playing-begum-para-in-dedh-ishqiya/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The film opened to positive response from critics who called it "one of the year's most important releases".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/why-masala-film-dedh-ishqiya-is-one-of-the-years-most-important-releases-1336909.html |title=Why masala film Dedh Ishqiya is one of the year's most important releases |last=Pal |first=Deepanjana |work=Firstpost |date=14 January 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924035007/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/why-masala-film-dedh-ishqiya-is-one-of-the-years-most-important-releases-1336909.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Aseem |title=Why Dedh Ishqiya is an important film |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/column/why-dedh-ishqiya-is-an-important-film/20140114.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=22 May 2015 |date=15 January 2014 |archive-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524213658/http://www.rediff.com/movies/column/why-dedh-ishqiya-is-an-important-film/20140114.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Anupama Chopra called Dixit "compelling", while Deepanjana Pal of Firstpost wrote "She's still capable of keeping an audience glued to their seats when the credits start rolling, all because she's dancing on screen.".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-many-things-to-enjoy-in-dedh-ishqiya-writes-anupama-chopra/story-QRicJrYAWCArn5Drh9o8MJ.html |title=Movie review: Many things to enjoy in Dedh Ishqiya, writes Anupama Chopra |last=Chopra |first=Anupama |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 January 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085258/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/movie-review-many-things-to-enjoy-in-dedh-ishqiya-writes-anupama-chopra/story-QRicJrYAWCArn5Drh9o8MJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/dedh-ishqiya-review-naseer-madhuri-team-up-in-a-charming-film-1329849.html |title=Dedh Ishqiya review: Naseer, Madhuri team up in a charming film |last=Pal |first=Deepanjana |work=Firstpost |date=12 January 2014 |access-date=31 January 2015 |archive-date=11 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911180323/http://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/dedh-ishqiya-review-naseer-madhuri-team-up-in-a-charming-film-1329849.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The film earned Dixit her fourteenth nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nominations for the 60th Britannia Filmfare Awards |url=http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |work=Filmfare |date=19 January 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 |archive-date=10 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110120443/http://www.filmfare.com/news/nominations-for-the-60th-britannia-filmfare-awards-8237.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Dedh Ishqiya'' earned little at the box-office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/12-flops-2-hits-where-are-the-big-bollywood-hits-this-year/article1-1182759.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140214070854/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/12-flops-2-hits-where-are-the-big-bollywood-hits-this-year/article1-1182759.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 February 2014 |title=12 flops, 2 hits: where are the big Bollywood blockbusters? |date=11 February 2014 |access-date=24 April 2020}}</ref>

Her next release of the year was debutant director [[Soumik Sen]]'s ''[[Gulaab Gang]]'', alongside [[Juhi Chawla]].<ref name="toi1" /> Dixit portrayed Rajjo, the leader of a women's activist group, inspired by the real vigilante activist [[Sampat Pal Devi]] and her group [[Gulabi Gang]]. Pal filed a case against the film claiming that the makers did not take permission to make a film on her life, but the court later lifted the stay from the film.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gulaabi-gang-leader-sampat-pal-files-case-against-madhuri-dixits-gulaab-gang/ |title=Gulaabi Gang leader Sampat Pal files case against Madhuri Dixit's 'Gulaab Gang' |work=The Indian Express |date=4 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032745/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/gulaabi-gang-leader-sampat-pal-files-case-against-madhuri-dixits-gulaab-gang/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-double-blow-for-gulabi-activist-sampat-film-stay-lifted-gang-ousts-her-1967347 |title=Double blow for Gulabi activist Sampat, film stay lifted, Gang ousts her |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=6 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222184603/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-double-blow-for-gulabi-activist-sampat-film-stay-lifted-gang-ousts-her-1967347 |url-status=live }}</ref> To prepare for her role, Dixit practised [[Shaolin Kung fu]], stick training, and [[close combat]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-here-is-how-madhuri-dixit-prepared-herself-for-gulaab-gang-4506251-PHO.html?seq=1&mpage=25 |title=Here is how Madhuri Dixit prepared herself for Gulaab Gang |work=Dainik Bhaskar |date=29 January 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222120116/http://daily.bhaskar.com/news/ENT-here-is-how-madhuri-dixit-prepared-herself-for-gulaab-gang-4506251-PHO.html?seq=1&mpage=25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Gulaab Gang'' failed at the box office, earning mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/gulaab-gang-flopped-and-can-t-lead-to-defamation-anymore-producers-tell-hc/story-aWGAO1nvV8c3M1ECPnpQyI.html |title=Gulaab Gang flopped and can't lead to defamation anymore, producers tell HC |work=Hindustan Times |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222122025/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/gulaab-gang-flopped-and-can-t-lead-to-defamation-anymore-producers-tell-hc/story-aWGAO1nvV8c3M1ECPnpQyI.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gulaab-gang-review-roundup-too-many-songs-spoil-the-film-542285 |title='Gulaab Gang' Review Roundup: Too Many Songs Spoil the Film |last=Mehta |first=Ankita |website=International Business Times |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222124212/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/gulaab-gang-review-roundup-too-many-songs-spoil-the-film-542285 |url-status=live }}</ref> Subhash K. Jha labelled Dixit's performance and demeanour "inconsistent".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/gulaab-gang-chick-flick-social-conscience-173804919.html |title='Gulaab Gang': Chick Flick with a social conscience |last=Jha |first=Subhash K. |publisher=Yahoo |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222123614/https://in.news.yahoo.com/gulaab-gang-chick-flick-social-conscience-173804919.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Sampat Pal claimed that in Dixit's character she finds a "reflection of her own life so stark" that it makes her feel "it was she on screen".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixits-acting-made-me-feel-i-was-on-screen-sampat-pal-637845 |last=Sharma |first=Gunjan |publisher=NDTV |date=9 March 2014 |access-date=20 December 2015 |title=Madhuri Dixit's acting made me feel I was on screen: Sampat Pal |archive-date=15 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915104733/http://movies.ndtv.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixits-acting-made-me-feel-i-was-on-screen-sampat-pal-637845 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was a box-office failure.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2201 |title=Gulaab Gang – Movie – Worldwide Gross & Budget |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=24 April 2020 |archive-date=17 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617061054/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=2201 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Four years later, Dixit made her debut in [[Marathi Cinema]] with the comedy drama ''[[Bucket List (2018 film)|Bucket List]]''. She played Madhura Sane, a middle aged housewife who takes the initiative to complete the bucket list of her deceased teenage heart donor. Dixit garnered critical acclaim for her portrayal; Mihir Bhanage of ''[[The Times of India]]''
wrote "Madhuri owns the film and sails through it with flying colours."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/bucket-list/movie-review/64318151.cms |title=Bucket List Movie Review |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525144924/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/bucket-list/movie-review/64318151.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Kunal Guha of ''[[Mumbai Mirror]]'' said, "Madhuri Dixit long-overdue debut in Marathi cinema is a comfort watch even if a tad predictable and sappy."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/bucket-list-movie-review-madhuri-dixits-long-overdue-debut-in-marathi-cinema-is-a-comfort-watch/articleshow/64306888.cms |title=Bucket List movie review |newspaper=[[Mumbai Mirror]] |access-date=18 February 2019 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628154232/https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/movie-review/bucket-list-movie-review-madhuri-dixits-long-overdue-debut-in-marathi-cinema-is-a-comfort-watch/articleshow/64306888.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit reunited with Anil Kapoor and [[Ajay Devgn]] in Indra Kumar's adventure comedy ''[[Total Dhamaal]]'' (2019). She portrayed Bindu Patel, who along with a group of people learns about a hidden treasure and then races to claim it. The film received mixed to negative reviews, however, Dixit's performance received a mixed-to-positive reception. Lakshana N Palat of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote: "The little respite in this adventure-comedy is the pairing of Anil Kapoor and Madhuri Dixit, who prove that they still have the same impeccable chemistry and partnership almost two decades later."<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/total-dhamaal-movie-review-even-anil-kapoor-and-madhuri-dixit-find-it-hard-to-save-this-comedy-1462299-2019-02-22 |title=Total Dhamaal Movie Review: Even Anil Kapoor and Madhuri Dixit find it hard to save this comedy |work=India Today |date=22 February 2019 |access-date=8 March 2018 |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223040344/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/reviews/story/total-dhamaal-movie-review-even-anil-kapoor-and-madhuri-dixit-find-it-hard-to-save-this-comedy-1462299-2019-02-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Total Dhamaal'' emerged as a major commercial success at the box office, grossing more than {{INRConvert|200|c}} worldwide, and ranks as the [[List of highest-grossing Bollywood films|ninth highest-grossing Hindi film of the year]].<ref name="wwgross">{{cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |title=Bollywood Top Grossers Worldwide Bollywood Hungama |access-date=25 February 2019 |website=Bollywood Hungama |archive-date=18 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191118064625/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/box-office-collections/worldwide/2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit produced the Marathi [[Netflix]] drama ''[[15 August (2019 film)|15 August]]'' under her production company RnM Moving Pictures.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/15-august-movie-review-madhuri-dixit-produced-netflix-film-could-do-with-more-spark-2-stars-out-of-5-2014051 |title=15 August Movie Review: Madhuri Dixit-Produced Netflix Film Could Do With More Spark |website=NDTV.com |access-date=29 March 2019 |archive-date=28 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328072643/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/15-august-movie-review-madhuri-dixit-produced-netflix-film-could-do-with-more-spark-2-stars-out-of-5-2014051 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-kicks-off-first-marathi-production-15th-august/ |title=Madhuri Dixit kicks off her first Marathi production 15th August |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=9 March 2018 |access-date=18 July 2019 |archive-date=9 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309172342/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-kicks-off-first-marathi-production-15th-august/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an interview with [[Scroll.in]], Dixit said, "The film is about the freedom to love, the freedom to choose your career and the freedom to die".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scroll.in/reel/917948/back-to-my-roots-madhuri-dixit-on-producing-marathi-film-15-august |title='Back to my roots': Madhuri Dixit on producing Marathi film '15 August' |first=Sruthi Ganapathy |last=Raman |website=Scroll.in |date=29 March 2019 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401193045/https://scroll.in/reel/917948/back-to-my-roots-madhuri-dixit-on-producing-marathi-film-15-august |url-status=live }}</ref>

She next starred in [[Abhishek Varman]]'s [[Historical drama|period]] [[Romantic film|romantic drama]] ''[[Kalank]]'', featuring an [[ensemble cast]] including [[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Alia Bhatt]], [[Varun Dhawan]], [[Aditya Roy Kapur]] and Sanjay Dutt.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kalank-get-ready-for-an-epic-drama-starring-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-madhuri-dixit-sanjay-dutt-and-more-1721519.html |title=Kalank: Madhuri-Sanjay To Reunite On Screen Along With Alia, Varun, Sonakshi and Aditya |website=[[News18]] |date=18 April 2018 |access-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418070422/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/kalank-get-ready-for-an-epic-drama-starring-alia-bhatt-varun-dhawan-madhuri-dixit-sanjay-dutt-and-more-1721519.html |archive-date=18 April 2018}}</ref> Set in the 1940s prior to the [[partition of India]], the film featured her as Bahaar Begum, the madam of a brothel. Saibal Chatterjee of ''[[NDTV]]'' wrote, "In the blinding glow of Dixit's presence as a nautch girl who can turn on the magic at will, the younger cast members pale somewhat in comparison. She lights up the screen as only she can, pushing the others to strive harder."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-movie-review-stunning-alia-bhatt-and-luminous-madhuri-dixit-make-film-near-spotless-3-out-of-2024332 |title=Kalank Movie Review: Stunning Alia Bhatt And Luminous Madhuri Dixit Make Film Near-Spotless |publisher=NDTV |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417074610/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/kalank-movie-review-stunning-alia-bhatt-and-luminous-madhuri-dixit-make-film-near-spotless-3-out-of-2024332 |url-status=live }}</ref> It did not perform well at the box office; however, she earned a third nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the film.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cornelious |first=Deborah |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karan-johars-period-opus-flops/article26935113.ece |title=Karan Johar's period opus flops |date=24 April 2019 |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=22 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822113837/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/karan-johars-period-opus-flops/article26935113.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |title=Nominations for Filmfare Awards 2020 |work=Filmfare |access-date=3 February 2020 |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203105210/https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2020/nominations |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===2020s: Transition to streaming===
Dixit was the lead actress in the 2022 Netflix family mystery series ''[[The Fame Game (TV series)|The Fame Game]]'', where she played a high-profile actress.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Arora |first1=Priya |title=For Madhuri Dixit, 'The Fame Game' Feels Familiar, if Not the Medium |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/24/arts/television/madhuri-dixit-the-fame-game.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=8 May 2022 |date=24 March 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508193021/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/24/arts/television/madhuri-dixit-the-fame-game.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, she portrayed a housewife struggling with her [[sexual identity]] in the Amazon Prime Video release ''[[Maja Ma]]''. Rachana Dubey from ''[[The Times of India]]'' found Dixit to have delivered a "lived-in" performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dubey |first=Rachana |date=6 October 2022 |title=Maja Ma Movie Review: A family drama with a unique twist |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/maja-ma/ottmoviereview/94635282.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>

After producing the Marathi-language comedy-drama ''[[Panchak]]'' in 2023,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhanage |first=Mihir |date=5 January 2024 |title=Panchak Movie Review: Entertaining in parts, lukewarm otherwise |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movie-reviews/panchak/movie-review/106577622.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> in 2024, she played a ghost in the horror comedy ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3]]'', starring alongside [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Triptii Dimri]], and [[Vidya Balan]]. The film emerged to be one of the highest-grossing Hindi films of the year.

== Other ventures ==

=== Television ===

In 1985, Dixit made her television debut in the Rajshri Production's series ''[[Paying Guest (TV series)|Paying Guest]]'', in which she played Neena.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6F_LQtbukrg&t=314s |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/6F_LQtbukrg |archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Paying Guest – Episode 1 |date=23 July 2008 |via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
In 2002, Dixit hosted [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|Sony Entertainment]]'s matrimonial show ''Kahi Na Kahi Koi Hai''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://k3h.indiatimes.com/show.html |title=Kahi Na Kahi Koi Hai |work=The Times of India |access-date=4 October 2011 |archive-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820210425/http://k3h.indiatimes.com/show.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit featured as a talent judge for five seasons of the dance reality show ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'': alongside [[Remo D'Souza]] and [[Malaika Arora Khan]] for the fourth season,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Jhalak-creates-history-with-opening-trp-of-5.6-Highest-ever-acrossall-the-seasons/5028351559 |title=Jhalak creates history with opening TRP of 5.6 – Highest ever acrossall the seasons |publisher=Indiainfoline.com |date=22 December 2010 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=6 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140106164715/http://www.indiainfoline.com/Markets/News/Jhalak-creates-history-with-opening-trp-of-5.6-Highest-ever-acrossall-the-seasons/5028351559 |url-status=live }}</ref> D'Souza and [[Karan Johar]] for the fifth, sixth, seventh seasons<ref>{{cite web |url=http://colors.in.com/in/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/judge.html#judge |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616172228/http://colors.in.com/in/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/judge.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 June 2012 |title=Madhuri As A Judge on Jhalak |publisher=colors.in.com/jhalak |date=16 July 2012 |access-date=16 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/drashti-dhami-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6/422046-44-124.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921180620/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/drashti-dhami-wins-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-6/422046-44-124.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2013 |title=Drashti Dhami beats Lauren Gottlieb, wins 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 6' |work=IBN Live |date=15 September 2013 |access-date=16 January 2014}}</ref> and alongside Johar and [[Nora Fatehi]] for the tenth season in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-to-premiere-tonight-heres-what-to-expect/photostory/93971484.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 to premiere tonight; here's what to expect|date=3 September 2022|access-date=21 October 2022|website=The Times of India|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021080725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-to-premiere-tonight-heres-what-to-expect/photostory/93971484.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2011, she featured as an anchor to launch a new entertainment channel, [[Life OK]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/madhuri-dixit-to-anchor-shows-on-life-ok-channel-149040-2011-12-17 |title=Madhuri Dixit turns anchor on Life OK channel |first1=Priyanka |last1=Srivastava |date=17 December 2011 |website=India Today |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713172303/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/madhuri-dixit-to-anchor-shows-on-life-ok-channel-149040-2011-12-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, she hosted a competitive cooking game show, ''[[Food Food Maha Challenge]]'' along with [[Sanjeev Kapoor]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/amul-food-food-maha-challenge-india-ka-super-chef/ |title=Amul Food Food Maha Challenge – India Ka Super Chef |date=23 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express |access-date=18 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713172316/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/amul-food-food-maha-challenge-india-ka-super-chef/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2016, Dixit featured as one of the jury of ''[[So You Think You Can Dance (Indian TV series)|So You Think You Can Dance (India)]]'', an officially licensed version of the ''[[So You Think You Can Dance]]'' franchise, based on the original [[So You Think You Can Dance (United States)|American production]] created by [[Dick Clark Productions]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-to-judge-indian-so-you-think-you-can-dance |title=Madhuri Dixit to judge Indian 'So You Think You Can Dance' |website=Free Press Journal |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-date=18 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190718024303/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-to-judge-indian-so-you-think-you-can-dance |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit co-judged three seasons of [[Colors TV]]'s ''[[Dance Deewane]]'', which gives an opportunity to contestants from three different generations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/madhuri-dixit-launches-her-next-dance-show-dance-deewane-see-pics/story-B4dzORG6llFUji6rvUfHlO_amp.html |title=Madhuri Dixit launches her next dance show, Dance Deewane. See pics |date=25 May 2018 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=25 May 2018 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045045/https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/madhuri-dixit-launches-her-next-dance-show-dance-deewane-see-pics/story-B4dzORG6llFUji6rvUfHlO_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Dancing and stage performances ===

Dixit has participated in several stage shows, concert tours and televised award ceremonies. Since the mid-1990s to early 2000s, she performed at the "Madhuri Dixit Live" concert in India, the Middle East and United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/15madhuri.htm |title=When I first set eyes on Madhuri.. |date=15 May 2006 |first1=Raj |last1=Lalwani |first2=Syed Firdaus |last2=Ashraf |first3=Patcy |last3=N |work=Rediff.com |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=2 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102050726/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/15madhuri.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2000, she performed at the Pepsi W2K Millennium Concert in Mumbai.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/20000207-im-getting-the-best-offers-after-i-married-madhuri-dixit-779588-2000-02-07 |title=I'm getting the best offers after I married: Madhuri Dixit |work=India Today |date=7 February 2000 |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713161532/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/20000207-im-getting-the-best-offers-after-i-married-madhuri-dixit-779588-2000-02-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Between July and August 2008, Dixit and actors [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Preity Zinta]], [[Ritesh Deshmukh]] and Aishwarya Rai starred in [[Amitabh Bachchan]]'s "Unforgettable World Tour" stage production in a 40-day show staged in 11 cities across [[North America]], [[Europe]] and the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2008 |title=Unforgettable tour has indeed been unforgettable |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/unforgettable-tour-has-indeed-been-unforgettable/story-895SBHA75fiy3U0DBgIrnJ.html |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418192048/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/unforgettable-tour-has-indeed-been-unforgettable/story-895SBHA75fiy3U0DBgIrnJ.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2008 |title='I'm the only oldie in 'Unforgettable' tour' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-m-the-only-oldie-in-unforgettable-tour/story-yY7z9nX66Ujd70ZEyBktUO.html |access-date=24 June 2021 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=30 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630085524/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/i-m-the-only-oldie-in-unforgettable-tour/story-yY7z9nX66Ujd70ZEyBktUO.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The same year, she joined the fourth instalment of "Temptation Reloaded" where she performed with Khan, [[Rani Mukerji]], Fernandez and [[Meiyang Chang]] in [[Auckland]], [[Perth]], [[Sydney]] and Dubai;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery/temptation-reloaded-2013-1 |title=See all the highlights from SRK's Temptation Reloaded show |publisher=MSN |date=10 October 2013 |access-date=27 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703060754/http://entertainment.in.msn.com/gallery/temptation-reloaded-2013-1 |archive-date=3 July 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and in 2014 she performed in Malaysia with Khan, Mukerji and Arijit Singh.<ref>{{cite web |title=Temptations Reloaded: Shah Rukh, Madhuri, Rani, Jacqueline wow fans in Auckland |date=5 October 2013 |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14524-1.html |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=7 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206062316/http://ibnlive.in.com/photogallery/14524-1.html |archive-date=6 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Shrivastava |first=Priyanka |title=Temptation of the Bollywood kind |date=16 February 2014 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/shah-rukh-khan-the-temptation-reloaded-bollywood-madhuri-dixit-181270-2014-02-16 |work=India Today |access-date=16 February 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216064918/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/shah-rukh-khan-the-temptation-reloaded-bollywood-madhuri-dixit/1/343779.html |archive-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> Dixit also performed in SLAM! The Tour which was held in the US, Canada, and London.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/madhuri-dixit-joins-shah-rukhs-slam-tour/20140904.htm |title=Madhuri Dixit joins Shah Rukh's SLAM tour |work=Rediff.com |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223133108/https://www.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/madhuri-dixit-joins-shah-rukhs-slam-tour/20140904.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2015, Dixit participated in the show Fusion in [[Houston]], along with Akshay Kumar, [[Sonakshi Sinha]] and [[Prabhu Deva]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150816/entertainment-bollywood/article/madhuri-akshay-sonakshi-and-chitrangada-rehearse-fusion-2015 |title=Madhuri, Akshay, Sonakshi and Chitrangada rehearse for Fusion 2015 |website=Deccan Chronicle |date=16 August 2015 |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713165931/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/amp/150816/entertainment-bollywood/article/madhuri-akshay-sonakshi-and-chitrangada-rehearse-fusion-2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, she performed at the inaugural ceremony of [[2018 Men's Hockey World Cup|Men's Hockey World Cup]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/madhuri-dixit-rocks-at-inaugural-ceremony-of-hockey-world-cup/cid/1676766 |title=Madhuri Dixit rocks at inaugural ceremony of hockey world cup |website=The Telegraph |location=Kolkota}}</ref>

In 2013, Dixit launched her own online dance academy "Dance With Madhuri", where the users get an opportunity to learn to dance various dance styles and have one-on-one lessons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Madhuris-online-dance-academy/articleshow/18688911.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228234030/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-26/news-interviews/37308998_1_dance-academy-madhuri-dixit-nene-smart-phones |url-status=live |archive-date=28 February 2013 |title=Madhuri's online dance academy |first=Bharati |last=Dubey |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=26 February 2013}}</ref>

=== Music ===
Dixit has sung small portions in a few songs from her films like "[[Devdas (soundtrack)|Kaahe Chhed]]" from ''Devdas'' and "Soniye Mil Ja" from ''Aaja Nachle'', composed by [[Birju Maharaj]] and [[Salim–Sulaiman]] respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/10durbar.htm |title=Devdas makes you cry |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=10 July 2002 |work=Rediff.com |access-date=13 June 2021 |archive-date=23 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323040058/https://m.rediff.com/movies/2002/jul/10durbar.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> For her 2014 film ''[[Gulaab Gang]]'', Dixit sang the traditional folk song "Rangi Sari Gulaabi Chunariya" alongside her mother Snehlata Dixit, composed and recreated for the film by its director [[Soumik Sen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/madhuri-dixit-sings-in-gulaab-gang-for-the-first-time-with-her-mother/articleshow/30000529.cms |title=Madhuri Dixit sings in Gulaab Gang for the first time with her mother |last=Gupta |first=Priya |date=8 February 2014 |work=The Times of India |access-date=13 June 2021 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104062044/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/madhuri-dixit-sings-in-gulaab-gang-for-the-first-time-with-her-mother/articleshow/30000529.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit made her official singing debut in 2020 with an English single, "Candle", dedicating it to frontline workers fighting the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/candle-madhuri-dixit-dedicates-her-first-single-to-frontline-workers-fighting-covid-19-2233860%3Famp%3D1%26akamai-rum%3Doff |title=Candle: Madhuri Dixit Dedicates Her First Single To Frontline Workers Fighting COVID-19 |publisher=NDTV |date=23 May 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045051/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/candle-madhuri-dixit-dedicates-her-first-single-to-frontline-workers-fighting-covid-19-2233860 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 June 2020 |title=Madhuri Dixit: Candles shining brightest now are frontline workers |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/music/madhuri-dixit-candles-shining-brightest-now-frontline-workers-1502895276.html |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US |archive-date=27 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727092933/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/music/madhuri-dixit-candles-shining-brightest-now-frontline-workers-1502895276.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She released a second single, "Tu Hai Mera", in 2022.<ref>{{cite web|date=19 May 2022|title=Madhuri Dixit On New Single Tu Hai Mera: "My Husband The Reason I Made This Song"|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-on-new-single-tu-hai-mera-my-husband-the-reason-i-made-this-song-2990656/|access-date=1 November 2022|website=NDTV|archive-date=31 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031234943/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-on-new-single-tu-hai-mera-my-husband-the-reason-i-made-this-song-2990656|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Social and humanitarian work ==
During her years in the film industry, Dixit has been actively involved in promoting children's education and the safety of women. She featured in a series of one-minute telespots on preventing AIDS for the Maharashtra State AIDS Control Society in 2000.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit takes up the AIDS cause |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000609/fco04012.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044320/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000609/fco04012.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2001, Dixit won {{INR}} {{formatnum:5000000}} on [[Kaun Banega Crorepati]], a [[game show]] then in its first season on the air. She donated her winnings for the welfare of the victims of [[2001 Gujarat earthquake]] and to an [[orphanage]] in Pune.<ref name="zeegood">{{cite web |url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lets-get-to-know-madhuri-dixit-better_1595676.html |title=Let's get to know Madhuri Dixit better! |work=Zee News |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=15 May 2015 |archive-date=24 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524221639/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/celebrity/lets-get-to-know-madhuri-dixit-better_1595676.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2009, Dixit performed for [[NDTV]] [[Toyota]] Greenathon—India's first-ever nationwide campaign for saving the environment and creating awareness about environmental issues. [[NDTV]] organised [[India]]'s first 24-hour live telethon, a fund-raising event that brings in people to donate money to support TERI's initiative—Lighting a Billion Lives which aims at providing solar power to villages without electricity.<ref>{{cite web |title=NDTV-Toyota Greenathon starts on February 7 |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/ndtv-toyota-greenathon-starts-on-february-7-53490 |website=ndtv.com |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015101/https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/ndtv-toyota-greenathon-starts-on-february-7-53490 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Madhuri shares the green cause |url=https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/madhuri-shares-the-green-cause-53938 |website=ndtv.com |access-date=6 February 2019 |archive-date=7 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207015059/https://www.ndtv.com/video/environment/news/madhuri-shares-the-green-cause-53938 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 3 February 2011, Dixit spent an evening with 75 [[orphanage]] kids of farmers at an [[ashram]] in [[Trimbakeshwar]] and participated in the birthdays of two children: Hrishikesh and Rani. "We artists are ready to help such children. People from the higher society should come forward and stand firmly behind them," she said on the occasion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/bollywood/madhuri-spends-time-with-orphaned-kids-83274 |title=Madhuri spends time with orphaned kids |access-date=14 February 2011 |date=3 February 2011 |publisher=ndtv.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212113555/http://www.ndtv.com/article/bollywood/madhuri-spends-time-with-orphaned-kids-83274 |archive-date=12 December 2012}}</ref> Dixit is a [[Goodwill Ambassador]] and a patron for "Emeralds for Elephants" – a charity project for the conservation of [[Asian elephants]] and other endangered species. The project has been designed to create awareness and raise vital funds for the protection of the critically endangered Asian elephant. A collaborative project between the [[World Land Trust]] (a UK based nonprofit [[environmental organisation]]) and the [[Wildlife Trust of India]] that is creating protected [[wildlife]] corridors connecting [[National Parks]] and protected areas to others. Speaking about the issue she said: "Elephants are one of my favourite animals and I love them. So what we need to do today is to see how we can preserve our animals. I feel very strongly about this."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Madhuri-Dixit-supports-elephants/articleshow/9834700.cms |title=Madhuri Dixit supports Elephants!- The Times of India |access-date=12 October 2012 |date=2 September 2011 |work=The Times of India |archive-date=20 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820214055/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Madhuri-Dixit-supports-elephants/articleshow/9834700.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Two years later, she made donations to the [[2013 Uttarakhand floods#Relief|Uttarakhand flood relief]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/another-kind-gesture-by-madhuri-dixit/story-ABYRVzUuFU88PEG1jCV2zO.html |title=Another kind gesture by Madhuri Dixit |access-date=6 March 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |date=24 August 2013 |publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924054437/http://www.hindustantimes.com/tv/another-kind-gesture-by-madhuri-dixit/story-ABYRVzUuFU88PEG1jCV2zO.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2013, while shooting for the [[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 6)|sixth season]] of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'', Dixit rescued seven puppies who were drenched in rain. Interrupting the shoot, Dixit, along with her husband Sriram Nene and the show's director Saahil Chhabria contacted [[PETA]], waiting till the volunteers arrived. In response, Sachin Bangera of [[PETA India]] said, "It's been raining cats and dogs and many puppies and kittens are now in need of good homes. Madhuri Dixit, Dr Nene and Saahil Chhabria's kind deed will inspire many to come forward to help animals in distress."<ref>{{cite news |agency=IANS |date=12 June 2013 |title=Madhuri Dixit rescues seven puppies |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/madhuri-dixit-rescues-seven-puppies/story-IzH1XAnKsKjoEi7kEYMFdK.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=27 July 2022 |archive-date=27 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220727053203/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/madhuri-dixit-rescues-seven-puppies/story-IzH1XAnKsKjoEi7kEYMFdK.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In January 2014, Dixit and her husband, on behalf of PETA wrote letter to [[Kolhapur]] MLA Vinay Kore, requesting him to ensure relocation of the elephant Sunder to a sanctuary – "(Sunder) has scars on his legs and cowers in fear and pain because he is being beaten by his mahout," "He should live free from suffering, in the company of other elephants, and have the opportunity to roam vast distances".<ref>{{cite news |title=Madhuri Dixit writes for relocation of elephant Sunder |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-writes-for-relocation-of-elephant-sunder/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=16 January 2014 |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731061323/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-writes-for-relocation-of-elephant-sunder/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[File:PM Modi at the launch of “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao” programme.jpg|left|thumb|Dixit at the launch of "[[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao|Beti Bachao Beti Padhao]]" campaign alongside PM [[Narendra Modi]], Union Minister [[Maneka Gandhi]] and Haryana CM [[Manohar Lal Khattar]] in 2015]]
Since 2014, Dixit began working with [[UNICEF]] to advocate the [[Children's rights|rights of children]] and prevent [[child labour]] and [[child trafficking]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit joins hands with UNICEF |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-joins-hands-with-unicef/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=12 June 2014 |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131749/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-joins-hands-with-unicef/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She participated in a fashion show organised by Lilavati hospital, to support the 'Save & Empower the Girl Child' initiative by the organisation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/madhuri-rocks-charity-fashion-show/photo-W6R8kgNcQJ1afDQFDjwE7O.html |title=Madhuri rocks charity fashion show |access-date=13 March 2019 |date=6 February 2014 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045044/https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/madhuri-rocks-charity-fashion-show/photo-W6R8kgNcQJ1afDQFDjwE7O.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] appointed her as the brand ambassador for its Mamta Abhiyaan (maternal and child health) campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/madhuri-dixit-is-mascot-for-mp-health-campaign/article6089799.ece/ |title=Madhuri Dixit is mascot for M.P. health campaign |access-date=13 July 2019 |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045044/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/madhuri-dixit-is-mascot-for-mp-health-campaign/article6089799.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit collaborated with [[Vogue India|Vogue]] for its Vogue Empower series on a short film on gender policing, 'Boys don't cry', directed by [[Vinil Mathew]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/living/viral-video-heres-why-madhuri-dixits-boys-dont-cry-short-film-doesnt-work-1774513.html/amp |title=Viral video: Here's why Madhuri Dixit's 'Boys don't cry' short film doesn't work |date=27 October 2014 |access-date=13 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713200410/https://www.firstpost.com/living/viral-video-heres-why-madhuri-dixits-boys-dont-cry-short-film-doesnt-work-1774513.html/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> She was appointed as the brand ambassador for the [[Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao|Beti Bachao Beti Padhao]] campaign, by the Government of India in 2015, that aims to generate awareness and improve the efficiency of welfare services intended for girls.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite web |title=PM Modi launched 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao' campaign, Madhuri Dixit roped in as brand ambassador |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/pm-modi-launched-beti-bachao-beti-padhao-campaign-madhuri-dixit-roped-in-as-brand-ambassador-237143-2015-01-23 |website=India Today |date=23 January 2015 |access-date=24 December 2018 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224142525/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/pm-modi-launched-beti-bachao-beti-padhao-campaign-madhuri-dixit-roped-in-as-brand-ambassador-237143-2015-01-23 |url-status=live }}</ref> She lent her voice for narrating the story of one of the eight girls who featured in Girl Rising: Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi, a film on the education and empowerment of girls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Women of B-Town unite for #GirlRising |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/women-of-b-town-unite-for-girlrising-290356-2015-08-26 |website=India Today |date=26 August 2015 |access-date=23 February 2019 |archive-date=23 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223131749/https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/what-s-hot/story/women-of-b-town-unite-for-girlrising-290356-2015-08-26 |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit was appointed the brand ambassador and launched MAA (Mothers Absolute Affection), a flagship programme to ensure adequate awareness is generated on the benefits of breastfeeding.<ref>{{cite web |title=Madhuri Dixit and JP Nadda launche 'MAA' – a programme to promote benefits of breastfeeding |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-madhuri-dixit-and-jp-nadda-launche-maa-a-programme-to-promote-benefits-of-breastfeeding-2242841 |date=8 August 2016 |access-date=5 March 2019 |archive-date=6 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042737/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-madhuri-dixit-and-jp-nadda-launche-maa-a-programme-to-promote-benefits-of-breastfeeding-2242841 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Additionally, Dixit has made public appearances to support charities and causes. On 4 February 2012, Madhuri Dixit interacted with Cancer affected children on [[World Cancer Day]] which was organised by [[Pawan Hans Helicopters]] Ltd at [[Juhu]], [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pages.rediff.com/rediff-bollywood-photos/202510#!photothumb/madhuri-dixit-nene-at-cancer-patients-aid-association-event-with-cancer-affected-children-on-world-cancer-day-in-mumbai/4113538/40457401 |title=Madhuri Dixit Nene at Cancer Patients Aid Association event with Cancer affected children on World Cancer Day in Mumbai |access-date=5 February 2012 |date=4 February 2012 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=14 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214171205/http://pages.rediff.com/rediff-bollywood-photos/202510#!photothumb/madhuri-dixit-nene-at-cancer-patients-aid-association-event-with-cancer-affected-children-on-world-cancer-day-in-mumbai/4113538/40457401 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, she launched [[Sanofi India]]'s campaign on [[World Diabetes Day]] (WDD), that encourages people to take proactive steps to effectively prevent, manage and control diabetes.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.sify.com/news/madhuri-creates-diabetes-signature-dance-step-news-health-nljadbiffcjsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713215558/https://www.sify.com/news/madhuri-creates-diabetes-signature-dance-step-news-health-nljadbiffcjsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 July 2019 |title=Madhuri creates diabetes signature dance step}}</ref> A year later, on 24 February 2014, she visited a school in Andheri, Mumbai to support the "Support My School" campaign.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/team-of-gulaab-gang-joins-support-my-school-campaign/team-of-gulaab-gang-joins-support-my-school-campaign-2/ |title=Team of 'Gulaab Gang' joins Support My School campaign |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713212140/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/team-of-gulaab-gang-joins-support-my-school-campaign/team-of-gulaab-gang-joins-support-my-school-campaign-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She participated in 'Set Beautiful Free'– an event by One Foundation to provide home, education, food and healthcare to the daughters of trafficking victims.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.firstpost.com/photos/maharashtra-cm-devendra-fadnavis-supports-vivek-oberois-one-foundation-event-2413600-4.html |title=Maharashtra CM Devendra Fadnavis supports Vivek Oberoi's ONE Foundation event |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713212137/https://www.firstpost.com/photos/maharashtra-cm-devendra-fadnavis-supports-vivek-oberois-one-foundation-event-2413600-4.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, she attended a charity event by 'Nanhi Kali' NGO.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-attends-nanhi-kali-charity-event-468073 |title=Madhuri Dixit attends Nanhi Kali charity event |date=3 October 2018 |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713212138/https://www.indiatvnews.com/video/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-attends-nanhi-kali-charity-event-468073 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 17 March 2019, Dixit and her family adopted an abandoned puppy rescued by PETA India. She said, "Abandoning a companion dog or cat is the cruelest thing to do. I'm happy we will be able to give this pup a new lease of life,".<ref>{{cite news |last1=IANS |title=Guess Who's the Latest Addition to Madhuri Dixit Nene's Parivaar? |url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/madhuri-dixit-nene-shriram-nene-adopt-a-puppy-peta |access-date=31 July 2022 |work=TheQuint |date=20 March 2019 |archive-date=31 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731181713/https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/celebrities/madhuri-dixit-nene-shriram-nene-adopt-a-puppy-peta |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2021, Dixit along with other Bollywood actors [[John Abraham]], [[Shilpa Shetty]] and [[Sunny Leone]] joined PETA India for its 20th anniversary. In the virtual party, awards were given to those who have been championing animal rights. Dixit recalling joining the organisation to help elephants recalled, "From there on it was the beginning of a beautiful friendship. Two years ago, my family adopted Carmelo, a cherished dog, from PETA India. Since then, I urge everyone I see to adopt a dog or a cat from the shelter or from the street."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yadav |first1=Prerna |title=John Abraham, Madhuri Dixit, Sunny Leone join PETA 20th anniversary celebration |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/john-abraham-madhuri-dixit-sunny-leone-join-peta-20th-anniversary-celebration-689574 |access-date=6 August 2022 |agency=IANS |work=India TV |date=8 March 2021 |archive-date=1 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801043916/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/john-abraham-madhuri-dixit-sunny-leone-join-peta-20th-anniversary-celebration-689574 |url-status=live }}</ref>

'''False representation in endorsements'''

In May–June 2015 the [[Tamil Nadu]] Consumer's Forum sent her notices for "false representation" in advertisements of [[Maggi]], a noodle brand in which toxic levels of lead were found.<ref>{{cite news |title=Maggi endorsement: Amitabh Bachchan, Madhuri Dixit, Preity Zinta slapped with notices |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/maggi-endorsement-amitabh-bachchan-madhuri-dixit-preity-zinta-slapped-with-notices/articleshow/47545894.cms |access-date=5 June 2015 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607082208/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/food/maggi-endorsement-amitabh-bachchan-madhuri-dixit-preity-zinta-slapped-with-notices/articleshow/47545894.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> She continued endorsing the safety of the product on Twitter, even when food regulators had already found more than 17 times the permissible limits of lead and the product was banned.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maggi trouble: Madhuri Dixit meets Nestle officials, speaks on Twitter |url=http://www.oneindia.com/mumbai/maggi-trouble-madhuri-dixit-meets-nestle-officials-speaks-on-twitter-1765215.html |publisher=One India |access-date=5 June 2015 |date=2 June 2015 |archive-date=2 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602092250/http://www.oneindia.com/mumbai/maggi-trouble-madhuri-dixit-meets-nestle-officials-speaks-on-twitter-1765215.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reception and legacy ==
=== Artistry ===
[[File:MadhuriDixit02.jpg|thumb|upright|Dixit on the ramp for [[PC Jeweller]] at the grand finale of India International Jewellery Week 2012]]

Dixit is regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential actresses of Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |title=Heartbreak for millions as Indian film idol weds |access-date=2 September 2019 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531234617/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/31345/ |title=Main Madhuri Dixit Kyon Banna Chahti Hoon? |work=The Indian Express |date=14 September 2003 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=4 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404234406/http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/31345 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="specials.rediff.com">{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/15sld1.htm |title=The power of Madhuri |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=24 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524130636/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2007/may/15sld1.htm |url-status=dead }} {{cite news |url=https://m.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-the-unrelenting-charm-of-the-dhak-dhak-girl/story-J0QLySuW9U2gOeuSJBzK3I.html |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit: The unrelenting charm of the dhak dhak girl |access-date=15 May 2018 |author=Mishra, Nivedita |date=15 May 2018 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045100/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-the-unrelenting-charm-of-the-dhak-dhak-girl/story-J0QLySuW9U2gOeuSJBzK3I.html |url-status=live }} {{cite web |agency=CNN-IBN |title=Photos: 100 years of Indian cinema – A tribute to 50 iconic heroines |url=https://www.news18.com/amp/photogallery/movies/photos-100-years-of-indian-cinema-a-tribute-to-50-iconic-heroines-894227.html |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064150/https://www.news18.com/amp/photogallery/movies/photos-100-years-of-indian-cinema-a-tribute-to-50-iconic-heroines-894227.html |url-status=live }} {{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Sridevi – A Very Rare Female Star |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3721 |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=15 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915091647/https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=3721 |url-status=live }} {{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/11sld1.htm |title=Readers pick: Madhuri's best films |work=Rediff.com |date=11 May 2006 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=31 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831135642/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2006/may/11sld1.htm |url-status=dead }} {{cite web |url=http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/photos/10-iconic-and-eternal-beauties-of-bollywood-slideshow/actress-photo-1339137399.html |title=10 iconic and eternal beauties of Bollywood |publisher=Yahoo! India Lifestyle |access-date=12 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611035908/http://in.lifestyle.yahoo.com/photos/10-iconic-and-eternal-beauties-of-bollywood-slideshow/actress-photo-1339137399.html |archive-date=11 June 2012 }} {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yQYcxZ8wmsC&pg=PT8 |title=Bollywood's Top 20: Superstars of Indian Cinema |author=Vasudev, Shefalee |date=15 January 2016 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=9788184755985 |access-date=12 August 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427072836/https://books.google.com/books?id=6yQYcxZ8wmsC&pg=PT8#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }} {{cite web |work=Rediff.com |title=Bollywood's Best Actresses Ever |url=http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid11.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310021812/http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid11.htm |archive-date=10 March 2012 }} {{cite web |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-turns-45-today-4167.html |title=Madhuri turns 45 today |publisher=India TV |access-date=8 July 2019 |date=15 May 2012 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707202047/https://www.indiatvnews.com/amp/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-turns-45-today-4167.html |url-status=live }} {{cite news |author=Dhawan, M.L |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm |title=Queens of hearts |date=9 December 2007 |access-date=20 March 2020 |newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024034014/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20071209/spectrum/main6.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/poll-most-popular-actress-3003-4.html#descArticle |title=Poll: Most Popular Actress |publisher=[[Filmfare]] |date=30 April 2013 |access-date=20 March 2020 |archive-date=12 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712124429/http://www.filmfare.com/features/poll-most-popular-actress-3003-4.html#descArticle |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/20 |title=Top heroines of Bollywood |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045106/https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/top-actresses-of-bollywood-ever-367543-2012-05-01/20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Throughout the late 1980s, the 1990s and the early 2000s, Dixit was among the highest-paid actresses in the Indian entertainment industry.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |publisher=[[CNN]] |title=A match made on Indian TV |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/08/16/india.tv/index.html |date=17 August 2002 |access-date=4 March 2020 |author=Bindra, Satinder |authorlink=Satinder Bindra |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045105/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/08/16/india.tv/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Nandana |title=Madhuri Dixit |date=4 April 2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-911239-16-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpiMDwAAQBAJ&q=highest+paid+actress+madhuri&pg=PA1 |access-date=4 March 2020 |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427073310/https://books.google.com/books?id=DpiMDwAAQBAJ&q=highest+paid+actress+madhuri&pg=PA1#v=snippet&q=highest%20paid%20actress%20madhuri&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2000, the ''[[Guinness World Records]]'' book featured her as the highest-paid Indian actress.<ref name="Omar"/> Dixit was placed at the first position by NDTV in 2012, in the listing of "The most popular Bollywood actresses of all time".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-slideshow/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-photo-1339488686.html |title=Most popular actresses of all time-As Indian cinema completes 100 glorious years, here is a look at the most popular Bollywood actresses of all time based on a poll conducted by NDTV. |publisher=Yahoo! India Movies |access-date=12 June 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616023801/http://in.movies.yahoo.com/photos/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-slideshow/most-popular-actresses-of-all-time-photo-1339488686.html |archive-date=16 June 2012}}</ref> The next year, she was placed at the fourth position, behind [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Dilip Kumar]] and Shah Rukh Khan and topped among female actors as the greatest Bollywood star in a UK poll celebrating 100 years of Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |title=Amitabh Bachchan crowned greatest Bollywood star in UK poll |date=27 July 2013 |website=[[India Today]] |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=18 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818133557/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/amitabh-bachchan-crowned-greatest-bollywood-star-in-uk-poll-171783-2013-07-27 |url-status=live }}</ref> The same year, in a national poll conducted by [[CNN-IBN]] on the occasion of the centenary of Indian cinema, Dixit was voted at the second position, behind [[Sridevi]], as "India's Greatest Actress in 100 Years".<ref name="poll">{{cite web |author1=News18 |title=IBN Poll: Sridevi voted greatest Indian actress in 100 years |url=http://www.news18.com/news/india/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years-595098.html |website=[[News18]] |access-date=7 March 2013 |date=14 March 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401055913/http://www.news18.com/news/india/ibnlive-poll-sridevi-voted-the-greatest-indian-actress-in-100-years-595098.html |archive-date=1 April 2017}}</ref> In 2017, Dixit topped an ''[[India Today]]'' poll as the most popular actress of Hindi cinema till date.<ref name="popular">{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170828-bollywood-grand-icons-mood-of-the-nation-1029957-2017-08-18 |title=Mood of the Nation: Who is the grand icon of Bollywood? |date=18 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705173808/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/magazine/cover-story/story/20170828-bollywood-grand-icons-mood-of-the-nation-1029957-2017-08-18 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit has a significant following in the [[South Asia|South Asian diaspora]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bollywood set to cross LoC |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bollywood-set-to-cross-loc/story-6IXcKAlpvbeUntyGj9P7WP.html |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=27 January 2006 |access-date=23 April 2020 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702110159/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bollywood-set-to-cross-loc/story-6IXcKAlpvbeUntyGj9P7WP.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhagat |first1=Rasheeda |title=It's Bollywood all the way in Afghanistan |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/05/09/stories/2005050900561400.htm |access-date=6 December 2022 |work=[[Business Line|The Hindu Business Line]] |date=8 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403082744/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/05/09/stories/2005050900561400.htm |archive-date=3 April 2007 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arshad Khatlani |first1=Sameer |title=Pakistan's obsession with Madhuri |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/pakistans-obsession-madhuri |access-date=6 December 2022 |work=[[The Sunday Guardian|The Sunday Guardian Live]] |date=7 March 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045113/https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/culture/pakistans-obsession-madhuri |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LtdGulzar2003">{{cite book |author1=Encyclopædia Britannica (India) Pvt. Ltd |author2=Gulzar |author3=Govind Nihalani |author4=Saibal Chatterjee |title=Encyclopaedia of Hindi cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC |access-date=20 March 2020 |year=2003 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7991-066-5 |archive-date=11 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111081518/https://books.google.com/books?id=8y8vN9A14nkC |url-status=live }}</ref> While analysing her career, [[Reuters]] published, "In her prime, Dixit was the undisputed queen of Bollywood, the world's largest film industry by audience size, and her popularity and fees rivaled even the biggest male stars."<ref>{{cite news |first1=Krittivas |last1=Mukherjee |last2=Mathur |first2=Vijay |title=Bollywood diva shines in insipid comeback film |url=https://in.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSDEL474620071203 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=3 December 2007 |access-date=19 August 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045112/https://in.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSDEL474620071203 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Throughout her career, Dixit has played roles in both mainstream productions and independent films, and appeared in a range of film genres,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/madhuri-dixits-journey-to-stardom-28266.amp |title=Madhuri Dixit's journey to stardom |access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref> with Saibal Chatterjee of [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] crediting ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!'' as metamorphosing Dixit into a "subcontinental icon".<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200596 |title=Back Top The Movies |last=Chatterjee, Saibal |date=17 January 1996 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook India]] |access-date=9 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123171448/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?200596 |archive-date=23 January 2011}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' called Dixit, "India's biggest female star".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/01/movies/01nach.html |title=Come Back to Bollywood |work=The New York Times |date=December 2007 |access-date=8 July 2019 |last1=Saltz |first1=Rachel |archive-date=5 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605034306/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/01/movies/01nach.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Discussing her performances, [[Baradwaj Rangan]] labelled her as "the last of the all-in-one female stars who could do drama and comedy and dance"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/12/02/review-aaja-nachle/amp |title=Review: Aaja Nachle |work=Baradwaj Rangan |date=December 2007 |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413044637/https://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/12/02/review-aaja-nachle/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''Firstpost'' called her, "one of the last superstars of Hindi cinema", praising her performances in ''Lajja'', ''Devdas'' and ''Dedh Ishqiya''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/fwire/bollywood-fwire/madhuri-dixit-the-last-queen-of-hindi-cinema-2782072.html |title=Beyond Ek do teen: Madhuri Dixit, the last queen of Hindi cinema |access-date=13 April 2020 |date=15 May 2016 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413043131/https://www.firstpost.com/fwire/bollywood-fwire/madhuri-dixit-the-last-queen-of-hindi-cinema-2782072.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2010, Filmfare Magazine included her performance from ''Mrityudand'' in its list of "80 Iconic Performances".<ref>{{cite journal |year=2010 |title=80 Iconic Performances 5/10 |url=http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-510-955.html |url-status=dead |journal=[[Filmfare]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325055806/http://www.filmfare.com/articles/80-iconic-performances-510-955.html |archive-date=25 March 2012 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> Dixit is credited in the media for her versatility and achieving a "balance of critical acclaim and commercial success."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-on-kalank-total-dhamaal-actors-are-more-secure-about-doing-multi-starrers-now-6470091.html/amp |title=Madhuri Dixit on Kalank, Total Dhamaal: Actors are more secure about doing multi-starrers now |work=Firstpost |date=18 April 2019 |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413043133/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/madhuri-dixit-on-kalank-total-dhamaal-actors-are-more-secure-about-doing-multi-starrers-now-6470091.html/amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/15-women-who-smashed-all-stereotypes-in-bollywood-20452.amp |title=15 women who smashed all stereotypes in Bollywood |date=6 May 2017 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/jul/11mrit.htm |title=Women to the fore |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819110237/https://m.rediff.com/movies/jul/11mrit.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

In addition to acting, she has been noted for her skills as a dancer.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/06/stories/2007120650170200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209113840/http://www.hindu.com/2007/12/06/stories/2007120650170200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 December 2007 |title=Dancing to her tunes |date=6 December 2007 |author=Kumar, P.K. Ajith |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=30 May 2009 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/03sld1.htm |title=Bollywood's best dancing girls |first=Raja |last=Sen |access-date=30 June 2011 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919125615/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/03sld1.htm |url-status=dead}} {{cite web |url=http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20120214084&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood&nid=262281 |title=Madhuri Dixit has a photographic memory when it comes to dance moves | NDTV Movies.com |publisher=Movies.ndtv.com |date=3 September 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129171326/http://movies.ndtv.com/movie_story.aspx?Section=Movies&ID=ENTEN20120214084&subcatg=MOVIESINDIA&keyword=bollywood&nid=262281 |archive-date=29 January 2013}} {{cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/03sld1.htm |title=Bollywood's best dancing girls |work=Rediff.com |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919125615/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/apr/03sld1.htm |url-status=dead}} {{cite web |last=Fernandes |first=Bradley |title=The Dancing Queens |url=http://www.filmfare.com/features/the-dancing-queens-8595-7.html |website=Filmfare |date=10 March 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150421045320/http://www.filmfare.com/features/the-dancing-queens-8595-7.html |archive-date=21 April 2015}} {{Cite web |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-dance-5177421/lite/ |title=Madhuri Dixit: The 'Dhak Dhak' girl who danced her way into our hearts |date=15 May 2018 |access-date=22 April 2020 |website=[[Indian Express Limited|The Indian Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-8-iconic-dance-performances-by-the-actress-2141145.html |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit: 8 Iconic Dance Performances by the Actress |date=15 May 2019 |access-date=22 April 2020 |website=[[News18]] |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045119/https://www.news18.com/amp/news/movies/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-8-iconic-dance-performances-by-the-actress-2141145.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Kathak dancer [[Pandit Birju Maharaj]], who choreographed Dixit in ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'', calls her "the best Bollywood dancer" due to her versatility.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/times-of-india-the/mi_8012/is_20110214/madhuri-birju-maharaj-chandigarh/ai_n56885813/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728171254/http://findarticles.com/p/news-articles/times-of-india-the/mi_8012/is_20110214/madhuri-birju-maharaj-chandigarh/ai_n56885813/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 July 2013 |title=Madhuri best, says Birju Maharaj |via=Find Articles}}</ref> [[Saroj Khan]], who has collaborated with her on numerous occasions, calls her a "choreographer's delight".<ref name="times">{{cite news |title=Madhuri is still superb: Saroj Khan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Madhuri-is-still-superb-Saroj-Khan/articleshow/20198605.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611032630/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-22/news-interviews/39444524_1_indian-dance-saroj-khan-choreographer |url-status=live |archive-date=11 June 2013 |date=22 May 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=13 June 2013}}</ref> ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' attributed her for giving a 'technical twist' to dance sequences in Hindi films.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-15-most-popular-songs-of-the-dancing-diva/story-YYK2CfM6A6s91UYWjEiwmK_amp.html |title=Happy birthday Madhuri Dixit: 15 most popular songs of the dancing diva |date=15 May 2017 |access-date=23 April 2020 |archive-date=28 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180328164437/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-15-most-popular-songs-of-the-dancing-diva/story-YYK2CfM6A6s91UYWjEiwmK_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit was the muse for Indian painter [[M. F. Husain]]. He got fascinated by Dixit's performance in ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!''; watching the film 67 times, and booked an entire theatre to see her comeback ''Aaja Nachle''.<ref>{{cite web |first=Pallab |last=Bhattacharya |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=189427 |title=M.F.Hussain's love affair with Bollywood |work=The Daily Star |date=11 June 2011 |access-date=19 February 2013 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045130/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-189427 |url-status=live }}</ref> He made a series of paintings of her, and in 2000 directed ''[[Gaja Gamini]]'' starring her, which was intended as a tribute to Dixit herself.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interesting trivia on M F Husain |url=http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/interesting-trivia-on-m-f-husain-16866.php |publisher=ndtv.com |access-date=5 January 2010 |archive-date=7 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307044346/http://www.ndtv.com/news/india/interesting-trivia-on-m-f-husain-16866.php |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Media image ===

[[File:Madhuri Dixit figure at Madame Tussauds London (10109312915).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Dixit's wax statue at [[Madame Tussauds]], London]]
Dixit featured in Box Office India's ''Top Actresses'' list for ten consecutive years (1988–1997).<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Box Office India |title=Top Actresses |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |access-date=6 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104144753/http://boxofficeindia.com/cpages.php?pageName=top_actress |archive-date=4 January 2012}}</ref> In 2001, ''[[Forbes]]'' placed her at fifth position in the list of "top five most powerful Indian film stars".<ref name=forbes>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html |title=India's Celebrity Film Stars |work=[[Forbes India]] |access-date=9 March 2001 |archive-date=20 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220031815/http://www.forbes.com/2001/03/09/0309bollywood.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2002 and 2014, Dixit featured in Rediff's annual "Top Bollywood Actresses" listing.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |work=Rediff.com |title=Actresses: Best and Worst, 2002 |url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2002/dec/27sld2.htm |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005707/http://in.rediff.com/movies/2002/dec/27sld2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Sen, Raja |work=Rediff.com |title=The Best Actresses in Hindi cinema, 2014 |date=31 December 2014 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/the-best-actresses-in-hindi-cinema-2014/20141231.htm |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213064147/https://www.rediff.com/amp/movies/report/the-best-actresses-in-hindi-cinema-2014/20141231.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> She has been featured frequently on other Rediff lists, including "Bollywood's Most Beautiful Actresses",<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood's Most Beautiful Actresses |url=http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/24sld10.htm |work=Rediff.com |year=2004 |access-date=6 April 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515202824/http://inhome.rediff.com/movies/2004/mar/24sld10.htm |archive-date=15 May 2007}}</ref> "Bollywood's Best Actresses Ever"<ref>{{cite web |title=Bollywood's best actresses. Ever. |url=http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid11.htm |work=Rediff.com |access-date=6 March 2007 |archive-date=10 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310021812/http://specials.rediff.com/women07/2007/mar/06wslid11.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and "Top 10 Bollywood Actresses of all Time".<ref>{{cite web |title=Readers' Pick: Top 10 Bollywood Actresses OF ALL TIME! |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-reader-s-pick-top-ten-actresses-in-bollywood-of-all-time-100-years/20130503.htm |access-date=3 May 2013 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005951/https://m.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-reader-s-pick-top-ten-actresses-in-bollywood-of-all-time-100-years/20130503.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[The Economic Times]]'' featured her in the list of "33 women who made India proud" in 2010.<ref name="economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowpics/5661380.cms |work=The Times of India |title=Day in Pics |access-date=18 March 2010 |archive-date=14 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514160134/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshowpics/5661380.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1997, the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] honoured her with the "Kalabhinetri Award".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812025818/http://www.expressindia.com/news/ie/daily/19971124/32850403.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 August 2010 |title=AP honours Sridevi, Madhuri |date=12 August 2010 |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> In 2001, Dixit was awarded the National Citizens' Award for her work and contribution to Indian cinema.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/08/26/stories/0226000m.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020926164247/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/08/26/stories/0226000m.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 September 2002 |title=Hrithik, Madhuri receive awards |date=26 August 2001 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> In 2008, the [[Government of India]] honoured her with the [[Padma Shri]] for her contribution to [[Indian Cinema]].<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |year=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-format=PDF |archive-date=15 October 2015}}</ref> The [[Sathyabama University]] honoured her as the "Inspiring Icon of India" in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/madhuri-and-mary-kom-at-femfest-2015-in-sathyabama-university-imagegallery-bollywood-pcqm1haiedjfe.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219003033/http://www.sify.com/movies/madhuri-and-mary-kom-at-femfest-2015-in-sathyabama-university-imagegallery-bollywood-pcqm1haiedjfe.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 February 2015 |title=Madhuri and Mary Kom at FEMFEST 2015 in Sathyabama University |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> An unauthorised biography of her named ''Madhuri Dixit'', written by professor Nandana Bose was released in 2019.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Nandana |title=Madhuri Dixit |year=2019 |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-911239-16-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DpiMDwAAQBAJ |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref>

Dixit is frequently referred to as one of the most attractive Indian celebrities and has been described as a [[sex symbol]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Top Bollywood sex symbols of all time |url=https://indiatribune.com/top-bollywood-sex-symbols-of-all-time-the-women-4/ |work=India Tribune |access-date=13 April 2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923004435/http://indiatribune.com/top-bollywood-sex-symbols-of-all-time-4/ |archive-date=23 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/four-hip-shakes-and-a-muse-called-madhuri-1127764.html%3famp |title=Four hip shakes and a muse called Madhuri |access-date=13 April 2020 |date=21 November 1999 |work=[[The Independent]] |archive-date=27 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727044932/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/four-hip-shakes-and-a-muse-called-madhuri-1127764.html?amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Her eyes, sex appeal and urban looks have been cited by the media as her distinctive features; her smile being identified as her trademark.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-bollywood-beauties-with-most-beautiful-eyes/20140605.htm |title=Bollywood beauties with MOST BEAUTIFUL eyes |access-date=13 April 2020 |date=5 June 2014 |work=Rediff.com |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412215158/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-bollywood-beauties-with-most-beautiful-eyes/20140605.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19900831-madhuri-dixit-casts-a-spell-over-the-audiences-across-india-812955-1990-08-31 |title=Madhuri Dixit casts a spell over the audiences across India |date=31 August 1990 |access-date=13 April 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412215159/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/story/19900831-madhuri-dixit-casts-a-spell-over-the-audiences-across-india-812955-1990-08-31 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_300/399_madhuri_dixit.html |title=Top 99 Women-Madhuri Dixit |publisher=Askmen |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715104536/http://www.askmen.com/celebs/women/actress_300/399_madhuri_dixit.html |archive-date=15 July 2012 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/50-most-beautiful-indian-faces/11401/19 |title=50 Most Beautiful Indian Faces |access-date=19 July 2013 |date=9 March 2012 |publisher=iDiva |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930180330/http://idiva.com/photogallery-entertainment/50-most-beautiful-indian-faces/11401/19 |archive-date=30 September 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> She featured in ''[[The Times of India]]''{{'}}s list of 50 Beautiful Faces of cinema and ''Hindustan Times'' called her "a classic Indian beauty".<ref>{{cite web |title=50 Beautiful Faces: 100 years of Indian Cinema |date=1 May 2013 |url=https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/50-beautiful-faces-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/19711784.cms |access-date=23 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045139/https://photogallery.indiatimes.com/movies/100-yrs-of-indian-cinema/50-beautiful-faces-100-years-of-indian-cinema/articleshow/19711784.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/my-discomfort-with-brand-madhuri-dixit/story-kzgjoTGP8vHIYLl4HFDDUN.html |title=My discomfort with brand 'Madhuri Dixit' |work=Hindustan Times |date=12 September 2019 |access-date=23 April 2020 |archive-date=27 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170727120440/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/my-discomfort-with-brand-madhuri-dixit/story-kzgjoTGP8vHIYLl4HFDDUN.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Her look and performances have established her as a style icon.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/14/stories/2002101401020300.htm |title=Invoking the goddess of style |access-date=7 July 2019 |author=Nandal, Archana |date=14 October 2002 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908194529/http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/10/14/stories/2002101401020300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archive-date=8 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-at-50-shes-still-bollywoods-classic-style-diva-4656450/lite |title=Happy Birthday, Madhuri Dixit: At 50, she's still Bollywood's classic style diva |access-date=7 July 2019 |work=The Indian Express |archive-date=3 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103171213/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-at-50-shes-still-bollywoods-classic-style-diva-4656450/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/bollywoods-most-iconic-costumes-367822-2012-06-27/11 |title=Bollywood's most iconic outfits that became fashion trends |access-date=28 March 2020 |work=[[India Today]] |archive-date=27 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200327220052/https://www.indiatoday.in/cinema/100-years-of-indian-cinema/photo/bollywoods-most-iconic-costumes-367822-2012-06-27/11 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/brunch-stories/movie-magic/article1-836983.aspx |title=Movie Magic |last=Doswami, Seema |date=7 April 2012 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=9 April 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321174935/http://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/brunch-stories/movie-magic/article1-836983.aspx |archive-date=21 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/madhuri-dixits-birthday-costumes-immortalised-by-the-actress/photostory/47291569.cms |title=Madhuri Dixit's birthday: Costumes immortalised by the actress |date=15 May 2018 |access-date=12 April 2020 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045134/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/photo-features/madhuri-dixits-birthday-costumes-immortalised-by-the-actress/photostory/47291569.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, 2013–16 and 2018, the UK magazine ''[[Eastern Eye]]'' ranked her as one of "World's Sexiest Asian Women".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Bipasha-is-the-Sexiest-Asian-Woman-in-the-World-Eastern-Eye/articleshow/2544772.cms |title=Bipasha is the Sexiest Asian Woman in the World: Eastern .. |work=The Times of India |date=16 November 2007 |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045141/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Bipasha-is-the-Sexiest-Asian-Woman-in-the-World-Eastern-Eye/articleshow/2544772.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/year-of-celebration-deepika-padukone-tops-the-sexiest-asian-woman-list/articleshow/66966616.cms |title=Year of celebration: Deepika Padukone tops the 'sexiest Asian woman' list |work=The Economic Times |date=6 December 2018 |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=11 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811235552/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/year-of-celebration-deepika-padukone-tops-the-sexiest-asian-woman-list/articleshow/66966616.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/priyanka-chopra-voted-sexiest-asian-woman-in-uk-poll/lite/ |title=Priyanka Chopra voted 'Sexiest Asian Woman' in UK poll |work=The Indian Express |date=10 December 2015 |access-date=8 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707220351/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/priyanka-chopra-voted-sexiest-asian-woman-in-uk-poll/lite/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Sangetsar Tso]] lake in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] was renamed ''Madhuri Lake'' after her, where a song from ''Koyla'' was picturised.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tawang.nic.in/tourist-place/sangestar-tso-madhuri-lake/ |title=Sangestar Tso (Madhuri Lake) |publisher=Government of Arunachal Pradesh |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412224657/https://tawang.nic.in/tourist-place/sangestar-tso-madhuri-lake/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She has a star named after her in the Orion constellation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-as-the-dhak-dhak-girl-turns-52-here-are-lesser-known-facts-about-her/story-2USZVhcvZYIg69FXQV9n2N_amp.html |title=Happy Birthday Madhuri Dixit: As the Dhak Dhak girl turns 52, here are lesser known facts about her |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=15 May 2019 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012045139/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/happy-birthday-madhuri-dixit-as-the-dhak-dhak-girl-turns-52-here-are-lesser-known-facts-about-her/story-2USZVhcvZYIg69FXQV9n2N_amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2012, a wax figure of Dixit was put on display in London's [[Madame Tussaud's]] [[wax museum]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-unveils-statue-at-madame-tussauds/story-eaZN66pcur81354J8FUf1K.html |title=Madhuri Dixit unveils statue at Madame Tussauds |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=12 February 2019 |archive-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005851/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/madhuri-dixit-unveils-statue-at-madame-tussauds/story-eaZN66pcur81354J8FUf1K.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, two other figures were displayed at Madame Tussaud's Museum in Singapore and Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Now, get IIFA Awards experience at Madame Tussauds Singapore |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-now-get-iifa-awards-experience-at-madame-tussauds-singapore-2409448/amp |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707084717/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-now-get-iifa-awards-experience-at-madame-tussauds-singapore-2409448/amp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrities grace Madame Tussauds Delhi wax museum |url=https://www.zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/celebrities-grace-madame-tussauds-delhi-wax-museum-2061971/amp |publisher=Zee News |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-date=19 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819110758/https://zeenews.india.com/photos/entertainment/celebrities-grace-madame-tussauds-delhi-wax-museum-2061971/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> Every year since its inception in 2012, Dixit has featured on ''[[Forbes India]]''{{'}}s "Celebrity 100," a list based on the income and popularity of India's celebrities with the exception of 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/madhuri-dixit-nene/1587/43 |title=Madhuri Dixit Nene |work=[[Forbes India]] |access-date=26 December 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227061642/http://www.forbesindia.com/celebprofile2016/madhuri-dixit-nene/1587/43 |archive-date=27 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |title=2018 Celebrity 100 List – Forbes India Magazine |work=Forbes India |access-date=2 January 2019 |archive-date=13 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213130303/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/all |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |title=2019 Celebrity 100 |work=Forbes India |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=30 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330175050/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2019-celebrity-100/1819/all |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, she was among the twenty Indians invited for the Oscar Academy's Class of 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/hollywood/story/srk-madhuri-dixit-invited-to-join-oscar-academy-s-class-of-2018-1270230-2018-06-26 |title=SRK, Madhuri Dixit invited to join Oscar Academy's Class of 2018 |access-date=26 June 2018 |archive-date=18 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718053027/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/movies/hollywood/story/srk-madhuri-dixit-invited-to-join-oscar-academy-s-class-of-2018-1270230-2018-06-26 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
[[File:Madhuri Dixit wedding.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Dixit with husband Shriram Nene, at their reception in 1999]]
Amidst media speculation on her personal life, Dixit married Shriram Madhav Nene, a cardiovascular surgeon from Los Angeles, California on 17 October 1999, in a traditional ceremony held at the residence of Dixit's elder brother in Southern California.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |work=The Guardian |location=London |title=Heartbreak for millions as Indian film idol weds |first=Suzanne |last=Goldenberg |date=8 November 1999 |access-date=12 May 2010 |archive-date=31 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200531234617/https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/nov/08/bollywood.film |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Madhuri-Nene Wedding">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991220/ien19020.html |title=Madhuri flashes charm- and Dr Nene on arm |work=The Indian Express |date=20 December 1999 |access-date=30 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619075631/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19991220/ien19020.html |archive-date=19 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/soulmates-forever-madhuri-dixits-anniversary-wish-for-sriram-nene-is-just-too-cute-2118566 |title='Soulmates Forever': Madhuri Dixit's Anniversary Wish For Sriram Nene Is Just Too Cute |website=NDTV.com |date=17 October 2019 |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=28 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228131734/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/soulmates-forever-madhuri-dixits-anniversary-wish-for-sriram-nene-is-just-too-cute-2118566 |url-status=live }}</ref> Nene had never seen any of her films, and was unaware of her celebrity status.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/nov/06us2.htm |title=Rediff on the NeT: Hubby Hardly Knew of Madhuri's Screen Life |work=Rediff.com |date=6 November 1999 |access-date=30 June 2011 |archive-date=14 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314024206/http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/nov/06us2.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit explained their relationship by saying, "It was very important that he didn't know me as an actress because then he would know me as a person first. When people have seen you as an actress, they have pre-conceived notions... None of it was there here with him. I found the right person, I wanted to get married and I did."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-madhuri-dixit-i-was-happy-being-unknown-in-denver/20140311.htm |title=Madhuri Dixit: I was happy being unknown in Denver |date=11 March 2014 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=12 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312023351/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-madhuri-dixit-i-was-happy-being-unknown-in-denver/20140311.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Dixit and Nene's wedding reception in Mumbai was attended by several prominent Indian personalities, including then [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]], [[Shiv Sena (1966–2022)|Shivsena]] chief [[Bal Thackeray]], [[Dilip Kumar]], [[Saira Banu]], [[Yash Chopra]], [[Sridevi]], and many others.<ref name="Madhuri-Nene Wedding" />

Following her marriage, Dixit relocated to [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], for over a decade. On 17 March 2003, Dixit gave birth to a son, Arin. Two years later, on 8 March 2005, she gave birth to another son, Ryan.<ref>{{cite news |title=As Ryan turns 14, mom Madhuri Dixit Nene pens an adorable message for the teenager – see post |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/as-ryan-turns-14-mom-madhuri-dixit-nene-pens-an-adorable-message-for-the-teenager-see-post/379370 |access-date=10 April 2021 |work=Times Now |date=9 March 2019 |language=en |archive-date=1 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190901063354/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/news/people/article/as-ryan-turns-14-mom-madhuri-dixit-nene-pens-an-adorable-message-for-the-teenager-see-post/379370 |url-status=live }}</ref> She described motherhood as "amazing" and added that her kids kept "the child in her alive".<ref>{{cite news |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/fitness/Madhuri-Dixit-talks-on-motherhood-and-fitness/articleshow/17461594.cms |title=Madhuri Dixit talks on motherhood and fitness |date=3 December 2012 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125063135/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/fitness/Madhuri-Dixit-talks-on-motherhood-and-fitness/articleshow/17461594.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Dixit moved back to [[Mumbai]] with her family in October 2011.<ref>{{cite news |title=Finally! Madhuri Dixit is back in India |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/finally-madhuri-dixit-is-back-in-india/story-QDziICfTjOf38reVmIhSiM.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031537/http://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/finally-madhuri-dixit-is-back-in-india/story-QDziICfTjOf38reVmIhSiM.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 February 2017 |access-date=8 October 2011 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Speaking about it, Dixit said, "I always love being here. I have grown up here in Mumbai so for me it is like coming back home. It was a different phase in my life, where I wanted to have a home, family, husband and children... everything that I had dreamt of."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/family-is-important-to-me-my-priority-is-that--madhuri-dixit/1209916 |title=Family is important to me, my priority is that: Madhuri Dixit |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=26 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226162439/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/family-is-important-to-me-my-priority-is-that--madhuri-dixit/1209916 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018, Dixit along with her husband, founded the production company, RnM Moving Pictures.<ref>{{cite news |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/madhuri-dixit-nene-and-husband-shriram-nene-turn-producers/article26674994.ece/amp |title=Stories from the chawl: Madhuri Dixit turns producer |date=29 March 2019 |access-date=25 January 2020 |archive-date=25 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125080336/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/madhuri-dixit-nene-and-husband-shriram-nene-turn-producers/article26674994.ece/amp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They both also together earned orange belts in [[taekwondo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=26 June 2020 |title=Madhuri Dixit reminisces the time she and her family earned the orange belt in Taekwondo : Bollywood News – Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/madhuri-dixit-reminisces-time-family-earned-orange-belt-taekwondo/ |access-date=20 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=20 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720005251/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/madhuri-dixit-reminisces-time-family-earned-orange-belt-taekwondo/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Accolades ==

{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by Madhuri Dixit}}
Dixit has received six [[Filmfare Awards]] from a record seventeen nominations, including four [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] awards for ''[[Dil (1990 film)|Dil]]'' (1990), ''[[Beta (1992 film)|Beta]]'' (1992), ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Kaun!]]'' (1994) and ''[[Dil To Pagal Hai]]'' (1997), and a [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress]] for ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]'' (2002).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Madhuri-back-for-good-bag-baggage-doc-in-tow/articleshow/10027173.cms |title=Madhuri back for good, bag, baggage, doc in tow |last=Mehta |first=Latika |date=18 September 2011 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |publisher=[[The Times Group]] |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612165549/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-18/news-interviews/30171636_1_madhuri-dixit-madhuri-dixit-nene-arin-and-ryan |url-status=live}}</ref> She earned a [[Filmfare Special Award]] for completing 25 years in the Indian film industry.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/7388387.cms?prtpage=1 |title=Filmfare Awards 2011: Udaan, Dabangg top winners |date=30 January 2011 |access-date=24 April 2020 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |last=Badani |first=Shraddha |archive-date=6 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110206183639/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/7388387.cms?prtpage=1 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2008, she was awarded the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth-highest Indian civilian award, by the [[Government of India]] for her contributions to the arts.<ref name="Padma Awards" /> In 2023, she was awarded the [[IFFI Indian Film Personality of the Year Award|Special Recognition for Contribution to Bharatiya Cinema Award]] at the [[54th International Film Festival of India|54th IFFI]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=IFFI 2023: Madhuri Dixit honoured with special recognition award |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/madhuri-dixit-international-film-festival-goa-special-recognition-for-bharatiya-cinema-2465416-2023-11-20 |magazine=India Today |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129072604/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/madhuri-dixit-international-film-festival-goa-special-recognition-for-bharatiya-cinema-2465416-2023-11-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
* In a popular scene from the 1994 cult comedy ''[[Andaz Apna Apna]]'', Dixit's photo appears on the cover of a film magazine.<ref name="Andaz Apna Apna Trivia">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/andaz-apna-apna-turns-25-10-cult-dialogues-that-are-pure-gold-even-today-1615652-2019-11-04 |title=Andaz Apna Apna turns 25 |website=India Today |date=4 November 2019 |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214506/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/photo/andaz-apna-apna-turns-25-10-cult-dialogues-that-are-pure-gold-even-today-1615652-2019-11-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> Amar (played by [[Aamir Khan]]) jokingly teases Prem (played by [[Salman Khan]]), implying he was once engaged to Dixit — pointing to her photo as part of the gag.<ref name="Andaz Apna Apna Trivia" />
* In the song "Maine Kal Ek Sapna Dekha" from the 1997 film ''[[Sanam (1997 film)|Sanam]]'', Dixit's name is playfully referenced in the final line. The song, featuring [[Sanjay Dutt]] dreaming about various Bollywood actresses, ends with the declaration: “Banegi Madhuri Meri Dulhan” ("Madhuri will become my bride").<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHFAs7064zM |title= Maine Kal Ek Sapna Dekha - Sanam 1997{{!}} Sanjay Dutt, Vinod Rathod |website= youtube.com |date= 16 September 2018 |access-date= 24 April 2022 |archive-date= 26 May 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220526170652/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHFAs7064zM |url-status= live }}</ref>
* In the hit song "Tan Tana Tan Tan" from the 1997 comedy ''[[Judwaa]]'', Dixit's name is mentioned alongside [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]'s in a playful lyric.<ref name="Judwaa song">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-this-is-why-govindas-name-is-not-there-in-judwaa-2-tan-tana-tan-song-403299|title=This is why Govinda's name is not there in Judwaa 2 Tan Tana Tan song|website=India TV |date=26 September 2017 }}</ref> The song was later recreated for the film's [[Judwaa 2|2017 remake]], but the line referencing the two stars was omitted.<ref name="Judwaa song" />
* In 1997, the television serial ''[[Mrs. Madhuri Dixit]]'' was named after Dixit. It aired on [[Zee TV]] and starred [[Renuka Shahane]] — Dixit’s co-star from her 1994 blockbuster ''[[Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19971110-on-tv-women-are-the-toughies-while-men-are-wishy-washy-830891-1997-11-09 |title=On TV, women are the toughies while men are wishy-washy |website=India Today |date=10 November 1997 |access-date=20 April 2020 |archive-date=17 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517133227/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/on-tv-women-are-the-toughies-while-men-are-wishy-washy/1/275157.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In the 1998 romantic comedy-drama ''[[Kuch Kuch Hota Hai]]'', Dixit’s name is humorously referenced during a summer camp scene where characters play [[Dumb Charades]]. Rahul (played by [[Shah Rukh Khan]]) guesses the film by exclaiming, “Mummy, Madhuri Dixit!” before naming ''Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!'', in a nod to Dixit’s iconic role in that film.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXCdeytWRuE |title= I Love You - Movie Scene - Kuch Kuch Hota Hai - Shahrukh Khan, Kajol |website= youtube |date= 20 June 2011 |accessdate= 9 April 2022 |archive-date= 9 April 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220409194151/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXCdeytWRuE |url-status= live }}</ref>
* In the mystery thriller ''[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]'' (2001), there's a comedic moment where the character L.P. (played by [[Narendra Bedi]]) tells C.D. (played by Amita Nangia) that she's not Champa Devi (C.D.) but "M.D." — to which she coyly responds by calling herself "Madhuri Dixit."<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7LcwthE1Fo|title= Johnny Lever {{!}} Best Comedy Scenes {{!}} Hindi Movies {{!}} Ajnabee {{!}} Bollywood Movie Scenes {{!}} Comedy Movies|website= youtube.com|date= 14 August 2017|access-date= 8 April 2022|archive-date= 9 April 2022|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220409053336/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7LcwthE1Fo&gl=US&hl=en|url-status= live}}</ref>
*In 2003, the film ''[[Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon]]'' was released, starring [[Antara Mali]] as a small-town woman who dreams of becoming the next Madhuri Dixit.<ref name="film">{{cite web |title=Main Madhuri Dixit Banna Chahti Hoon! |date=7 October 2003 |publisher=IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0374848/ |access-date=12 December 2006 |archive-date=15 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115220942/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0374848/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Produced by [[Ram Gopal Varma]], the film was a tribute to Dixit and was dedicated to her.<ref name="indianexpress.com" />
* In 2008, the episode "[[The Bad Fish Paradigm]]" of the American sitcom ''[[The Big Bang Theory]]'' (originally aired on [[CBS]]) featured a scene in which the characters [[Raj Koothrapali]] (played by [[Kunal Nayyar]]) and [[Sheldon Cooper]] (played by [[Jim Parsons]]) are shown to be arguing over Dixit and actress [[Aishwarya Rai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/1276291/Big-Bang-Theory-plot-hole-movie-mistake-Raj-Koothrappali-Kunal-Nayyar-season-2-CBS-video|title=Big Bang Theory plot hole: Huge Raj Koothrappali blunder exposed|work=Daily Express|date=1 May 2020|access-date=27 July 2025}}</ref> In March 2023, political analyst Mithun Vijay Kumar filed a court case in [[Mumbai]] against [[Netflix]] for insulting Dixit in the episode.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Madhuri Dixit vs The Big Bang Theory explained: Netflix sued for 'leprous prostitute' comment, know case |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/explainer/report-madhuri-dixit-vs-the-big-bang-theory-explained-netflix-sued-for-leprous-prostitute-comment-aishwarya-rai-3032766 |work=DNA India |date=28 March 2023 |access-date=14 October 2024|archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328061258/https://www.dnaindia.com/explainer/report-madhuri-dixit-vs-the-big-bang-theory-explained-netflix-sued-for-leprous-prostitute-comment-aishwarya-rai-3032766 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The 2012 film ''[[Shirin Farhad Ki Toh Nikal Padi]]'' featured a song that paid homage to some iconic Bollywood films of the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Farah Khan does a Madhuri Dixit |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2012/May/30/farah-khan-does-a-madhuri-dixit-372866.html |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=30 May 2012 |access-date=28 July 2025}}</ref> Dixit herself unveiled the film’s first look, which showed the leads [[Farah Khan]] and [[Boman Irani]] in costumes paying tribute to Dixit and Salman Khan's iconic looks from the song "[[Didi Tera Devar Deewana]]".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shirin Farhad Ki has an unusual story: Madhuri Dixit |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/shirin-farhad-ki-has-an-unusual-story-madhuri-dixit/story-WIuPIEdnOd9xFgWNBRZtWO.html |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=31 May 2012 |access-date=28 July 2025}}</ref>
* Before the release of ''[[Sanju]]'' (2018), a biopic on Sanjay Dutt, it was speculated in the media that television actress [[Karishma Tanna]] would be portraying Madhuri Dixit in the film.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karishma-tanna-on-her-role-in-sanju-5210008/ |title=Is Karishma Tanna playing Madhuri Dixit in Sanju? |first=Sana |last=Farzeen |website=The Indian Express |date=28 June 2018 |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=25 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180625111246/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/karishma-tanna-on-her-role-in-sanju-5210008/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the film did not feature any direct reference to Dixit.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/no-salman-khan-no-madhuri-dixit-sanju-left-bollywood-out-of-sanjay-dutt-s-life/story-kViyKYjAz4YWM8b7G2btjN.html |title=No Salman Khan, no Madhuri Dixit: Sanju left Bollywood out of Sanjay Dutt's life |work=Hindustan Times |date=5 July 2018 |access-date=30 May 2021 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602214848/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/no-salman-khan-no-madhuri-dixit-sanju-left-bollywood-out-of-sanjay-dutt-s-life/story-kViyKYjAz4YWM8b7G2btjN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of dancers]]
* [[List of Indian film actresses]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}
* {{BH person}}

{{Navboxes
| title = Awards received by Madhuri Dixit
| list =
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{IFFI - Indian Film Personality of the year Award}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestActress 1981–2000}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestSupportingActress 2001–2020}}
{{ScreenAwardBestActress}}
{{ScreenAwardBestSupportingActress}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestActorFemale}}
{{ZeeCineAwardBestSupportingActorFemale}}
}}
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|d = yes
|q = yes
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dixit, Madhuri}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Screen Awards winners]]
[[Category:Zee Cine Awards winners]]
[[Category:UNICEF goodwill ambassadors]]

Shamshernagar, India

2026-02-24T20:03:16Z

LiveHi: started basic article w/ infobox - done

{{moresources|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shamshernagar
| other_name = Mayar
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Shamshernagar India.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Shamshernagar Gate
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Bihar
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.0796|N|84.4540|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Aurangabad District, Bihar|Aurangabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Mayurbhatta]] (Originated) ''Shamsher khan'' (Renamed)
| government_type = [[Gram Panchayat]] ([[Panchayat Raj|Panchayati Raj Institution]])
| governing_body = Gram Kachhari ([[Sarpanch]])([[Mukhi]]ya) ([[Gram Panchayat|Ward]])
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 17.45
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 104
| population_total = 10,229
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = Households 1,716
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Mairiyan (मैरिय़ा)
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_title2 = Common
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN Code]]
| postal_code = 824143
| registration_plate = BR 26
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-BR]]
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 1000:994 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank2_name_sec2 = [[Literacy rate]]
| blank2_info_sec2 = 70.78%
| footnotes = {{plainlist|
* Nearest major highway- [[National Highway 139 (India)|NH139]] (old NH98)
* Village code 252697 (Census of India)
}}
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| demographics1_info2 = [[Magahi]]/[[Magadhi]], [[English language|English]], [[Urdu]]
| website=https://aurangabad.bih.nic.in
}}

'''Shamshernagar''' is a large village in the [[Daudnagar]] [[sub-district|subdivision]] and [[Community development block|block]] in [[Aurangabad district, Bihar|Aurangabad district]], located in [[Bihar]], [[India]]. The town falls under the jurisdiction of the [[Magadh division]]. Situated on the bank of the [[Sone River]], the [[National Highway 139 (India)|National Highway 139]] ([[Patna]]-[[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad]] Road) passes through the village. The [[Indrapuri Barrage]] canal is a local waterway. Shamshernagar is densely populated.<ref name="2011 census">{{Cite web|url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/252697-shamshernagar-bihar.html|title=Shamshernagar Population - Aurangabad, Bihar|date=2015|website=Population Census 2011|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> It has adequate [[infrastructure]], including a middle school, an intermediate high school, an additional [[Primary Health Centre, India|Primary Health Centre]] (now Health Wellness Centre), and a [[Regional Rural Bank]] (MBGB).
Shamshernagar is an electrified village.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/98-8-villages-in-bihar-now-have-electricity/articleshow/59933181.cms|title=98.8% villages in Bihar now have electricity|last=Kumar|first=Madan|date=5 August 2017|work=The Times of India|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> and possesses a water tank for its water supply.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/DataEntry/HabitationDirectory/Reports/Rep_DirectoryList.aspx?Condition=VYDH5ZM40Uo%3D&id=wRDYszJ27GU%3D&StateName=KCxfo3r40fY%3D&level=7SNb4K4dTvw%3D&sublevel=zf5afxWBEDk%3D|title=Integrated Management Information System (IMIS), Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|date=2009|website=Ministry and Drinking Water & Sanitation, National Rural Drinking Water Programme|access-date=9 August 2018|archive-date=26 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826124133/http://indiawater.gov.in/IMISWeb/DataEntry/HabitationDirectory/Reports/Rep_DirectoryList.aspx?Condition=VYDH5ZM40Uo=&id=wRDYszJ27GU=&StateName=KCxfo3r40fY=&level=7SNb4K4dTvw=&sublevel=zf5afxWBEDk=|url-status=dead}}</ref>
It shares a border between Aurangabad and [[Arwal district]]s. Buses, auto-rickshaws and e-rickshaws provide regional transportation.

==Literacy rate and population==
According to the 2011 census,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wikivillage.in/village/bihar/aurangabad/daudnagar/shamshernagar|title=Shamshernagar - Village|date=2018|website=Wikivillage|access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> Shamshernagar's population is 10,229. Out of this, 5,130 are male and 5,099 female. The village has 1,758 children in the age group of 0–6 years. Among them, 894 are male and 864 are female. The average sex ratio of Shamshernagar village is 994, which is higher than the Bihar state average of 918. The child sex ratio for Shamshernagar as per the census is 966, higher than the Bihar average of 935.

Shamshernagar has a higher literacy rate when compared to Bihar. In the 2011 census, the literacy rate<ref name="2011 census"/> of Shamshernagar is 70.78%, compared with 61.80% for the state as a whole. In Shamshernagar, the male literacy stands at 81.40% while female literacy rate is 60.17%.

==Transportation==
The nearest railway station is the [[Anugraha Narayan Road railway station]] on the Grand Chord section of the [[Howrah-Delhi main line]], near Pawarganj in [[Aurangabad, Bihar|Aurangabad]]. Other stations in the locality are [[Gaya Junction railway station]] and [[Patna Junction railway station]].
;Nearby airports
*[[Patna Airport]]
*[[Gaya Airport]]

==Notable attractions and tourism==
*Ancient [[Sun Temple]] (Surya Mandir)
*[[Chhat Puja]] and [[Mela]]
*[[Dusshera]]
*[[Dipawali]] festival
* Kalaamanch, a stage that organises public cultural programmes
*Historical Makbara ([[tomb]]) and Maindan (playground) of the Shamsher Khan, was a local head of ''Mauza'' during the [[Mughal Empire]]
*Masjid ([[Mosque]])
*Sone River, and canal with five escapes and historic [[English people|English]] bridge, built during the [[British Raj]] in India

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:JanakpurChhathParvaFestival.jpg|Performing prayer to the sun
File:Shamshernagar Bihar Historical Tomb Front View.jpg|Front view of Shamsher Khan's Makabara
File:Son River, Umaria district, MP, India.jpg|Sone River
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Aurangabad district, Bihar]]

Mohammad Yasir

2026-02-13T22:33:54Z

LiveHi: quick add article for clarity and corrected details after review

{{short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{distinguish|Muhammad Yasir}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Mohammad Yasir
| image =
| caption =
| fullname = Mohammad Yasir
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1998|4|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], India
| height = 1.69 m
| position = [[Winger (association football)|Winger]]
| currentclub = [[ FC Goa]]
| clubnumber = 11
| youthyears1 = 2015–2016
| youthclubs1 = [[Pune FC|Pune]]
| youthyears2 = 2016–2017
| youthclubs2 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
| years1 = 2017–2018
| clubs1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps1 = 0
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2017–2018
| clubs2 = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa B]]
| caps2 = 7
| goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2018–2019
| clubs3 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
| caps3 = 1
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2019–2024
| clubs4 = [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
| caps4 = 80
| goals4 = 6
| years5 = 2024
| clubs5 = → [[FC Goa|Goa]] (loan)
| caps5 = 7
| goals5 = 2
| years6 = 2024–
| clubs6 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
| caps6 = 4
| goals6 = 1
| nationalyears1 = 2021–2023
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 13
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| club-update = 16:54, 24 April 2024 (UTC)
| ntupdate = 17:23, 23 March 2022 (UTC)
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Association football|football]]}} {{Medal|Country|{{fb|IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[SAFF Championship]]}}
{{Medal|W| [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021 Maldives]]|}}
}}

'''Mohammed Yasir''' (born 22 April 1998) is an Indian professional [[Association football|footballer]] who plays as a [[Winger (association football)|winger]] for [[Indian Super League]] club [[FC Goa]].

==Club career==
Born in [[Manipur]], Yasir began his career representing his home state in the National School Games in 2014.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |last1=Lopes |first1=Flavio |title=Battling odds, FC Goa's Yasir provides hope|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/battling-odds-fc-goas-yasir-provides-hope/articleshow/59977461.cms |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=Times of India |date=9 August 2017}}</ref> In 2015, Yasir joined the [[Pune F.C.|Pune]] academy and then the [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] academy in 2016.<ref name="TOI"/> While with Pune City, he captained the under-19 side which won the [[IFA Shield]] in June 2017.<ref name="TOI"/>

===Goa===
On 23 July 2017, Yasir was selected in the 14th round of the [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft]] by [[FC Goa|Goa]] for the [[2017–18 Indian Super League]] where he managed to get only to bench on 2 occasions.<ref>{{cite news|title=ISL 2017 player draft, as it happened: ATK, Jamshedpur FC and Pune strike big|url=https://thefield.scroll.in/844751/isl-2017-player-draft-live-updates-eugenson-lyngdoh-anas-edathodika-touted-as-top-draws|access-date=25 September 2018|work=The Field|date=23 July 2017}}</ref> Yasir made debut for the [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa Reserves]] in a 1-0 loss to [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]] in first match of inaugural AWES Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Salgaocar-FC-edge-past-FC%E2%80%88Goa-secure-full-points/119611#:~:text=DULER:%20Salgoacar%20Football%20Club%20registered%20a%20solitary,Cup%202017%20match%20organised%20by%20Goa%20Football|date=3 September 2017|title=Salgaocar FC edge past FC Goa, secure full points}}</ref> He represented the reserves for most of the season in [[Goa Football League|Goa Professional League]] and [[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]. Yasir made his professional debut for the club on 16 April 2018 in their [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]] semi-final match against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]. He came on as an 82nd-minute substitute as Goa lost 1–0.<ref>{{cite web |title=FC Goa Substitution |url=https://twitter.com/FCGoaOfficial/status/985853722541608961 |website=FC Goa (Twitter)}}</ref>

===Pune City===
On 7 December 2018, Yasir returned to [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] and made his debut in [[Indian Super League]] as he started the last match for Pune City against Mumbai City.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerala Blasters 0-1 Pune City |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2018/12/07/india/indian-super-league/kerala-blasters/pune-city/2908000/ |website=Soccerway}}</ref>

===Hyderabad===
Yasir made his debut for [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]] against [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]] in a 3–1 loss. He won the emerging player award in the home game against Northeast United.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://khelnow.com/news/isl-2019-20-hyderabad-northeast-united-player-ratings/ | title=Hyderabad Vs NorthEast United Ratings: Yasir shines in loss | date=6 November 2019 }}</ref>

===Goa===
On 13 January 2024, Yasir returned to [[FC Goa|Goa]] on a loan spell. In March 2024, Yasir terminated his contract with [[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]], after being granted a provisional release by the player status committee of the [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]], and signed permanently with [[FC Goa]]. He made seven league appearances for the club on loan.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/yasir-terminates-hyderabad-contract-joins-goa-on-permanent-deal/articleshow/108860051.cms | title=Yasir terminates Hyderabad contract, joins Goa on permanent deal | date=29 March 2024 }}</ref>

==International career==
On 25 March 2021, Yasir made his international debut for [[India national football team|India]] against [[Oman national football team|Oman]] in a friendly match, which ended as 1–1.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-vs-oman-match-highlights-manvir-singhs-equaliser-sees-india-grind-out-draw-under-immense-pressure-9463261.html|title=India vs Oman, Match Highlights: Manvir Singh's equaliser sees India grind out draw under immense pressure|website=First Post|date=25 March 2021 |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>

==Career statistics==
=== Club ===
{{updated|24 April 2024}}<ref name="ReferenceA">{{soccerway|mohammad-yasir/519683}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Other
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2017–18 FC Goa season|2017–18]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian Super League]]
|0||0||1{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearance(s) in [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||1||0
|-
|[[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|Goa B]]
|[[2017–18 I-League 2nd Division|2017–18]]
| rowspan="1" |[[I-League 2|I-League 2nd Division]]
|7||1||colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||13{{efn|11 Appearances in [[Goa Football League|Goa Professional League]] and 2 Appearances in AWES Cup}}||5||20||6
|-
|[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|[[2018–19 Indian Super League|2018–19]]
| rowspan="6" |Indian Super League
|1||0||2{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0||colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||3||0
|-
| rowspan="6" |[[Hyderabad FC|Hyderabad]]
|[[2019–20 Hyderabad FC season|2019–20]]
|15||1||colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||15||1
|-
|[[2020–21 Hyderabad FC season|2020–21]]
|18||0||colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||18||0
|-
|[[2021–22 Hyderabad FC season|2021–22]]
|16||1||colspan="2" |—|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||16||1
|-
|[[2022–23 Hyderabad FC season|2022–23]]
|20||3||8{{efn|name=DurandCup|Appearance(s) in [[Durand Cup]]}}{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0||colspan="2" |—||1{{efn|Appearance in [[Indian club qualifiers for 2023–24 AFC competitions]]}}||0||29||3
|-
|[[2023–24 Indian Super League|2023–24]]
|11||1||3{{efn|name=DurandCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||14||1
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!80!!6!!11!!0!!0!!0!!1!!0!!92!!6
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[FC Goa|Goa]] (loan)
|[[2023–24 FC Goa season|2023–24]]
| rowspan="2" |Indian Super League
|7||2||2{{efn|name=SuperCup}}||0|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||9||2
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[FC Goa|Goa]]
|[[2023–24 FC Goa season|2023–24]]
|4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||colspan="2" |—||4||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!101!!9!!16!!0!!0!!0!!14!!5!!131!!14
|}
{{notelist}}

=== International ===
{{updated|22 March 2023}}<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[India national football team|India]]
|2021||8||0
|-
|2022||4||0
|-
|2023||1||0
|-
! colspan="2" |Total
!13!!0
|}

== Honours ==

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2021 SAFF Championship|2021]]
* [[Tri-Nation Series (India)|Tri-Nation Series]]: [[2023 Tri-Nation Series (India)|2023]]

'''Hyderabad FC'''
* [[Indian Super League]]: [[2021–22 Indian Super League|2021–22]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/players/midfielder-31851-mohammad-yasir-profile Indian Super League Profile]
* {{Instagram|mohammad_yasir32}}

{{Hyderabad FC squad}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yasir, Mohammed}}
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Footballers from Imphal]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:FC Goa players]]
[[Category:FC Pune City players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:India men's international footballers]]
[[Category:Hyderabad FC players]]

Comedian Sally

2026-02-09T07:08:24Z

LiveHi: started first entry added tags.

{{Short description|Indian comedian and actor (born 1962)}}
{{distinguish|Comedian Selvy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Comedian Sally
| image = Comedian Sally.jpg
| caption = Mascarenhas in 2023
| birth_name = Salvador Mascarenhas
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1962|1|15|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[São José de Areal]], Goa, India
| years_active = 1983–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Comedian|actor|playwright|director}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Micas Miranda|1994}}
| children = 3
| website = {{URL|facebook.com/comedian.sally}}
| notable_works = ''[[Kantaar]]'' (2019)
}}

'''Salvador Mascarenhas''' (born 15 January 1962), known professionally as '''Comedian Sally''', is an Indian comedian, actor, playwright, and director known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' (theatre) productions. He made his debut as a child actor in a ''[[Tiatr#Khell tiatr|khell tiatr]]'' by Marceline Fernandes at the age of 8. Over a career spanning more than four decades, Mascarenhas has acted in over 450 ''tiatrs''.

==Early life==
Salvador Mascarenhas was born on 15 January 1962 in [[São José de Areal]], [[Goa]], India.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |title=Directory of Tiatr Artistes, 2012 |date=2012 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |pages=185 |language=en |access-date=2023-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827202743/https://books.google.com/books?id=45_WlAEACAAJ |archive-date=2023-08-27 |url-status=live}}</ref> His parents, Piedade Mascarenhas and Dioguinha Dias, were [[farmworker]]s. As a child, Mascarenhas participated in local theatrical activities in his village. At the age of 8, Marceline Fernandes, a [[seafarer]] and ''[[tiatrist]]'' (theatrical artist) hailing from São José de Areal, curated dramatic productions called ''khells'' that featured the participation of village boys. Marceline enlisted the young Mascarenhas to assume the role of a [[Cross-gender acting|female character]] in these ''khell'' presentations, and his performance was well received.<ref name=":2" />

Marceline would return from his maritime journeys annually to educate the young residents about the art of staging ''khell'' performances. Mascarenhas actively participated in Fernandes' annual ''khell'' productions for consecutive years following his introduction to the theatrical tradition. Then, when Mascarenhas reached the age of 13, during a village festival, Eulogio Fernandes curated a ''[[tiatr]]'', which is a form of theatrical performance, to enhance the festivities. In this ''tiatr'', titled ''Disgrasponn'', Eulogio cast Mascarenhas in a comedic role, which was also acclaimed. From this point onward, Mascarenhas transitioned into a career as a professional comedian.<ref name=":2" />

==Career==
Mascarenhas and Lino Fernandes frequently collaborated on [[comedy skit]]s that were integrated into ''[[tiatr]]'' productions. They preserved a collection of about six thoroughly practiced comedic performances that they would [[comedy duo|perform together]] as part of these theatrical works. In addition to his work as a performer, Fernandes later transitioned into becoming a ''tiatr'' playwright. He wrote and produced his own original ''tiatr'' plays. Mascarenhas continued to feature in comedic roles within Fernandes' self-authored productions. A ''tiatr'' by Fernandes, titled ''Dhorm'' (Religion), which cast Mascarenhas, garnered acclaim in the [[Goa]] region and was even presented to [[Goan]] communities residing in the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Gulf states]]. The 1984 [[Gulf]] production of ''Dhorm'' featured additional artistic collaborators, including [[Konkani language|Konkani]] singer [[Alfred Rose (singer)|Alfred Rose]] and playwright-director Rosario Dias.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |title=Konkani Khell Tiatr |date=10 March 2018 |publisher=[[Dalgado Konknni Akademi]] |location=Panaji, Goa |pages=112–113}}</ref>

Following a certain point in time, Lino initiated employment within the [[maritime industry]]. Following this event, Succur Miranda, a playwright from [[São José de Areal]], composed a theater piece titled ''Roma'' and included 22 year-old Mascarenhas in a significant role, leading to the play's popularity. Mascarenhas then joined the ''tiatr'' (a type of Konkani theatrical performance) production ''Jivit ek Nattok'' (Life Is a Play) by Ligorio Fernandes in 1985, where he performed a comedic role alongside other popular cast members. The production had an extensive run, with 50 shows performed. By this point, Mascarenhas had already established a career in ''tiatrs''.<ref name=":2" /> Later, in the 1990s, he became affiliated with the [[Roseferns]] troupe and worked with them continuously for over 25 years. During his time with Roseferns, Mascarenhas also acted in ''tiatrs'' produced by ChrisMeena, including ''Gulfantli Girestkai'' (Riches of the Gulf), ''Aunddo'' (Craving), and ''Rinn'' (Debt), as well as a Roseferns production titled ''Dhovo Kavlo'' (White Crow).<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-02-06 |title=Humaneness is richest wealth one can possess |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/humaneness-is-richest-wealth-one-can-possess/articleshow/56990033.cms |access-date=2024-08-09 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Mascarenhas has been an established professional actor since 1983. Over the course of his career spanning almost four decades, he has appeared in approximately 450 dramatic productions directed by several popular figures in the field, including [[Rosario Rodrigues]], [[Patrick Dourado]], [[Mario Menezes]], [[John D' Silva]], Roseferns, Tony Dias, among others. In addition to his work on the domestic stage, Mascarenhas has also toured internationally, bringing his talents to audiences in countries such as Germany, the [[United Kingdom]], France, Canada, Australia, the United States, and various other locations. His international touring has allowed him to participate in dramatic performances in cities like [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]], [[Perth]], [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]], [[San Francisco]], and [[Houston]], among others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Celebrating Konkani stalwarts for their work for the language |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/Celebrating-Konkani-stalwarts-for-their-work-for-the-language/223410 |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref>

Mascarenhas's contributions extend beyond his acting work, as he has authored and overseen the creation of his theatrical works. Some of his self-authored and directed works include ''Soglle Roste Ugte'' (All the Roads Open), ''Tujim Paulam'' (Your Footsteps), ''Maink Lagon'' (Because of Mother), ''Daddy Hi Tuji Sun'' (Dad, this is your Daughter-in-law), ''Atanchim Bhurgim'' (Children Nowadays), ''Grandpa'', ''Xezari Put'' (Neighbour Son), ''Mai Paichem Besanv'' (Parents' Blessings), among others. His 2024 production, ''Kazaracho Chuddo'' ([[Chura (bangles)|Marriage Bangles]]), is set to make its debut performance in the United Kingdom.<ref name=":0" />

Mascarenhas has maintained an output of theatrical productions over the course of his career. In December 2016, he staged his eighth ''[[tiatr]]'', titled ''Maim Paichem Besanv''. This work explored the critical role that parental blessings play in shaping the lives of children, examining the notion that while parents may commit errors, the significance of their blessings should not be underestimated in light of these mistakes. Early in his directorial career, Mascarenhas would typically produce one ''tiatr'' per year. However, he has since expanded his annual output, and now stages two ''tiatr'' productions - one during the winter season and another during the [[Easter]] season. To support this increased production schedule, he has assembled a [[theatre troupe|troupe]] of artists who collaborate with him in his performances throughout the year. This allows him to maintain a stable [[Ensemble cast|ensemble of actors]] and crew for his ''tiatr'' presentations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2016-12-25 |title=Sally's tiatr marks importance to the blessings of parents – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2016/12/25/magazines/buzz/sallys-tiatr-marks-importance-to-the-blessings-of-parents/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mascarenhas is married, and he has three children: two daughters and a son. His daughter Semica<ref>{{Cite web |title=A young generation of tiatrists |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Cafe/A-young-generation-of-tiatrists/131211 |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=oHeraldo |date=31 August 2022 }}</ref> is also a fellow [[Konkani language|Konkani]] comedian<ref>{{Cite web |last=Times |first=Navhind |date=2024-07-09 |title=TIATR REVIEWS – JP Pereira – The Navhind Times |url=https://www.navhindtimes.in/2024/07/09/magazines/buzz/tiatr-reviews-jp-pereira-17/ |access-date=2024-08-09 |language=en-US}}</ref> and a former teacher who taught for three years, from 2018 to 2020, at Cambridge School in Goa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Com. Sally & Com. Semica {{!}} Candid with Candida {{!}} Ep. 55 {{!}} Prudent {{!}} 041023 |url=https://www.prudentmedia.in/candid-with-candida/com-sally-com-semica-candid-with-candida-ep-55-prudent-041023/22947.html |access-date=2024-08-09 |website=www.prudentmedia.in |language=en}}</ref>

As of 2018, Mascarenhas resides in the neighborhood of Batti, [[São José de Areal]], his father's hometown.<ref name=":2" /> Mascarenhas affirms that he is a full-time ''[[tiatrist]]'', sustaining himself and his family entirely by producing and performing in ''[[tiatr]]s''. He has encountered some criticism regarding the use of [[Off-color humor|vulgar language]] in his comedic performances.<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|id=12796091}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sally, Comedian}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1962 births]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actors from South Goa district]]

Nandini Sidda Reddy

2026-02-08T18:02:17Z

LiveHi: Creating Some Stub Nd Citations

{{Short description|Indian poet, writer and social activist (born 1955)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nandini Sidda Reddy
| image = Nandini Sidda Reddy (Poet).jpg
| caption = Nandini Sidda Reddy in Cinivaram, Ravindra Bharathi, Hyderabad on 24 June 2017
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|06|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = Banda, [[Kondapak]], [[Medak district]], [[Telangana]], India
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Writer and social activist
| known_for =
}}
'''Nandini Sidda Reddy''' (or Sidhareddy, Sidha Reddy; {{langx|te|నందిని సిధారెడ్డి}}; born 12 June 1955) is a teacher, writer, poet, songwriter and social activist from the state of [[Telangana]], India.
He is known for promoting Telugu culture.
Several of his songs have been featured in Telugu language films.
He was one of the leaders of the [[Telangana movement]] to make Telangana a separate state from [[Andhra Pradesh]], which took place in 2014.
He was the first Chairman of the Telangana Sahitya Akademi.

==Life==
===Education and teaching career===

Nandini Sidda Reddy was born in 1955 in Bandaram village, [[Medak district]], Telangana, India.
His father, Narra Balasiddhareddy, was a communist who fought against the [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prabhanews.com/medak/article-268306 |title=Andhraprabha Daily Telugu News Paper - నందిని కుటుంబాన్ని పరామర్శించిన కేసిఆర్‌ |website=www.prabhanews.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140316202005/http://www.prabhanews.com/medak/article-268306 |archive-date=16 March 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
After completing his MA at [[Osmania University]], [[Hyderabad]], he did his MPhil degree on "The Sun in Modern Telugu Poetry" (1981) and then graduated with his Ph.D. on "Modern Poetry – Reality – Surrealism" in 1986.<ref name=navatelangana553652/>
After teaching in [[Medak]] from 1984 to 1991, he worked as a Telugu lecturer in Siddipet Government Degree College and retired in 2012.<ref name=navatelangana553652/>

===Author and poet===

Nandini Sidda Reddy began to write stories and poetry in his student days.
Later he ran an organization called the Navasahiti and Medak Study Circle and a small magazine called Rose.<ref name=navatelangana553652/>
He founded the Manjeera Writers' Association and organized several literary events, edited the Manjeera bulletin and published seven collections of poetry.
He edited a magazine called Soi.
In 2001, he was the founding president of the Telangana Writers' Forum.<ref name=navatelangana553652/>

In August 1997, written in just one hour, Siddhareddy's poem on the need for a special [[Telangana]] movement became known as "Nageti salalo na Telangana".
In this poem, Sidhareddy describes the whole culture of Telangana.
The same poem was used as a song in the movie ''[[Poru Telangana]]''.<ref>{{citation |journal=నమస్తే తెలంగాణ దినపత్రిక ఆదివారం అనుబంధం (Namaste Telangana Daily: Sunday Supplement)
|title=బతుకమ్మ (Bathukamma) |date=16 March 2014 |author=కందుకూరి రమేష్‌బాబు (Kandukuri Rameshbabu)}}</ref>
The song also received a [[Nandi Award]].
Sidhareddy wrote the poem on Telangana long before [[Ande Sri]]'s ''[[Jaya Jaya He Telangana]]'' and [[Goreti Venkanna]]'s ''Ganama Telanganama''.
There are ten verses in this poem, which is sung all over Telangana as a [[Bathukamma]] song.

Nandini Sidda Reddy appeared in the 2011 Telugu historical drama film ''[[Jai Bolo Telangana]]'',<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jai-bolo-telangana-26768/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714175144/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/jai-bolo-telangana-26768/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=July 14, 2020 |access-date=2020-07-14 |title=Jai Bolo Telangana Cast & Crew |work=cinestaan}}</ref> which featured his song ''Oka Puvvu Oka Navvu'' rendered by Sri Krishna, Adarshini.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
In 2016 he was chosen for the [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]]’s annual Vishista Puraskaram award.
This was the first time the award had gone to someone outside [[Hyderabad]]. It recognized Reddy's role in the separate Telangana movement.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/Poet-Nandini-Sidha-Reddy-selected-for-Vishista-Puraskaram/article16696333.ece |accessdate=2020-07-14 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Poet Nandini Sidha Reddy selected for Vishista Puraskaram |date=25 November 2016}}</ref>

===Telangana official roles===

In 2014 Nandini Sidha Reddy was a member of a committee to review Telugu language textbooks.
A key issue was whether they should be in the spoken Telangana dialect or the traditional "Sanskritised" Telugu.<ref>{{citation |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Telangana-dialect-in-textbooks/articleshow/42176263.cms |accessdate=2020-07-14 |journal=[[Times of India]] |title=Telangana dialect in textbooks? |author=Ch Sushil Rao |date=10 September 2014}}</ref>
In 2015 he was appointed to a Telangana state government committee on the syllabus for recruitment exams. The old syllabus drafted by the [[Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission]] in the united [[Andhra Pradesh]] would be replaced by a "Telangana-centric new syllabus".<ref>{{citation |url=https://archive.siasat.com/news/job-aspirants-dilemma-over-changed-syllabus-696661/ |accessdate=2020-07-14 |journal=The Siasat Daily |date=6 January 2015 |title=Job aspirants in dilemma over changed syllabus }}</ref>

Nandini Sidda Reddy was appointed as the first Chairman of the Telangana Sahitya Akademi formed on 2 May 2017.<ref name=navatelangana553652>{{cite news|last1=నవతెలంగాణ|title=రాష్ట్ర సాహిత్య అకాడమీ చైర్మెన్‌గా నందిని సిధారెడ్డి నియామకం (Appointment of Nandini Sidhareddy as Chairman of Rashtra Sahitya Akademi)|url=http://www.navatelangana.com/article/state/553652|accessdate=11 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="Prabha News 11 May 2017">{{cite news
|last1=ఆంధ్రప్రభ
|title=సాహిత్య అకాడమీ అధ్యక్షుడిగా బాధ్యతలు స్వీకరించిన నందిని సిధారెడ్డి (Nandini Sidhareddy takes over as President of Sahitya Akademi)
|journal=Prabha News
|url=https://www.prabhanews.com/2017/05/హైదరాబాద్-సాహిత్య-అకాడమ-2/
|accessdate=11 May 2017
}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The academy was established to ensure regular research, analysis, publishing and propagation of the Telugu language.<ref name=YM2017>{{citation |url=http://youthmirror.in/hyderabad/wtf-aimed-preserving-strengthening-telugu-language-cm |accessdate=2020-07-14 |journal=Hyderabad Youth Mirror |title=WTF aimed at preserving and strengthening Telugu language: CM|date=17 November 2017}}</ref>
In August 2017 he headed a panel to select an eminent personality eligible for Kaloji Narayana Rao award.<ref>{{citation |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/090817/telangana-government-forms-panel-for-kaloji-narayana-rao-award.html |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |accessdate=2020-07-14 |title=Telangana government forms panel for Kaloji Narayana Rao award |date=9 August 2017}}</ref>
His academy was in charge of the World Telugu Conference held in [[Hyderabad]] from 15 to 19 December 2017.<ref name=YM2017/>
As of 2020 he was still Chairman of Telangana Cultural Academy.<ref>{{citation |url=https://telanganatoday.com/cinare-everest-of-telugu-literature-niranjan-reddy |accessdate=2020-07-14 |work=Telangana Today |title=Cinare 'Everest' of Telugu literature: Niranjan Reddy |date=14 July 2020}}</ref>

==Works ==
{{cols|colwidth=25em|rules=yes}}

===Essays ===

* ''Modern Telugu Poetry - Reality - Surrealism'' (Theory)
* ''Adhunika Telugu Kavithvam Vasthavikatha - Adhivasthavika'' - Theoretical Essay as part of PhD - 1986
* ''Iguram - Essays on Telangana Language and culture'' - 2007
* ''Kula Vruthula - Telangana Sahityam'' – Essay - 2008
* ''Avarthanam - Essays on Telangana Literature'' - 2011

===Poetry===

* ''Diviti'' – Mini Collection of Poems with two other poets - 1974
* ''Bhoomi Swapnam'' - Collection of Poems - 1987
* ''Sambhashana'' - Collection of Poems - 1991
* ''Pranahitha'' - Collection of Poems - 1996
* ''Oka Badha gadhu'' - Collection of Poems - 2001
* ''Nadi Puttuvadi'' - Collection of Poems – 2007
* ''Ikkadi ChetlaGaali'' - Collection of Poems – 2014

===Miscellaneous===

*A Pair of Hands (1994)<ref name="Murty1994">{{citation|author=Nandini Sidha Reddy|editor=Kundurti Satya Murty|title=Down to the Earth: An Anthology of Post Modern Telugu Poetry|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TwbIvwEACAAJ&pg=PA45|accessdate=14 July 2020|year=1994|publisher=Free Verse Front|pages=45–|chapter= A pair of hands}}</ref>
*Dreams and Life (2000)<ref>{{citation|author=Nandini Sidha Reddy |translator=K. Suneetha Rani |journal=Indian Literature |volume=44 |issue=6 (200) |date=November–December 2000 |pages=96–97 |title=Dreams and Life |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|jstor = 23343330}}</ref>

===Stories===

* ''Chitra Kannu'' ( Collection of Stories)
* ''Hrudhayam'' – Third Prize - Sankranthi Story Competition, Andhra Sachitra Vara Patrika - 1978
* ''Aata'' – Special prize - Deepawali Story Competition, Jyothi masa Patrika - 1978

===Songs===
*''Nageti salallo na Telangana''- 17 August 1997
*''Joharulu Joharulu''.. Amarulaku Johar, Veerulaku Johar' - September 1977
*''Telangana Paata'' - October 1997
*''Telangana Matti'' - January 2000
*''Telangana Baasha'' - February 2004
*''Oka Puvvu Oka Navvu'' - September 2010
*''Pudamiki Panduga Puvvula Jatara'' - August 2011
*''Nageti Sallalla Naa Telangana'' (Poru Telangana- 2011)
*''Nageti Chalalla'' - 23 Songs - 2012
*''Idi Charitra'' - 2013 - Song on leaders who fought for Telangana Armed Struggle
* ''Chelia Chelia Separation Dream'' ( 2 Countries- 2017)

===Filmography===

*Song ''Nageti salallo na Telangana'' – Film ''[[Veera Telangana]]'' (Nandi Award: Best lyric writer for 2010)
*Song ''Oka Puvvu Oka Navvu'' – Film ''[[Jai Bolo Telangana]]'' (2011)
*Song ''Idi Charitra'' – Film ''[[Bandook]]'' (2013)
*Song ''Pudamiki Panduga Puvvula Jatara'' – Film ''Kolimi'' (2015)
*Song ''Cheliya Cheliya Vidipoke Kalala'' – Film ''[[Two Countries (2017 film)|Two Countries]]'' (2017)
{{colend}}

==Awards==
*1986 Free Verse Front Award for Bhoomiswapnam poetry collection
*Indore Bharathi Vari Dasharathi Award for Bhoomiswapnam poetry collection in 1988
*[[Telugu University]] Award for Pranahita Poetry Collection in 2001
*Vishwakalapeetham Vari Snehanidhi Best Poetry Award for a collection of sad poems in 2009
*Nandi Award for Best Songwriter for the song 'Nageti Salallo Na Telangana' in 2010
*Distinguished Award in Literature from Telugu University in 2016<ref>{{cite news|last1=నమస్తే తెలంగాణతెలుగు|title=నందిని సిధారెడ్డికి తెలుగు వర్సిటీ విశిష్ట పురస్కారం (Telugu Varsity Distinguished Award to Nandini Sidhareddy) |url=https://www.ntnews.com/TelanganaNews-in-Telugu/nandini-sidda-reddy-telugu-university-to-distinguished-award-1-2-529674.html|accessdate=4 May 2018|date=24 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=ఆంథ్రజ్యోతి|first1=తెలంగాణ ముఖ్యాంశాలు|title=నందిని సిధారెడ్డికి తెలుగు వర్సిటీ పురస్కారం (Telugu Varsity Award for Nandini Sidhareddy)|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=341216|accessdate=4 May 2018|date=3 December 2016}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Nandini Sidda Reddy}}
*{{citation |url=https://telugu.oneindia.com/topic/nandini-sidha-reddy |title=Nandini Sidha Reddy News in Telugu |work=OneIndia |accessdate=2020-07-14}}
*{{citation |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bFK6tpJdVac |via=[[YouTube]] |accessdate=2020-07-14 |title=Nageti salalo Na Telangana - Deshapathi Srinivas Telangana Songs : Latest Telugu Folk Video Songs |author=[[Deshapati Srinivas]]|date=28 December 2014 }}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Nandini Sidda}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:People from Medak district]]
[[Category:Indian lecturers]]
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Rohida

2026-02-03T09:55:34Z

LiveHi:

{{for-multi|the fort in Maharashtra|Rohida fort|the tree|Tecomella}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rohida
| native_name = Rohira
| native_name_lang = Rohide
| other_name = Roide
| nickname = Roydu
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Rajasthan#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajasthan, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.610191|N|72.963982|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajasthan]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Sirohi
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for the death place of [[rohit the son of stayavadi
harishchandra]]. =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Gram Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 7,661
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 307024
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02971
| registration_plate = RJ 38 ([[Abu Road]])
| blank1_name_sec1 =
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Abu Road]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 65.27%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = Jalore - Sirohi
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = Pindwara
| blank5_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank5_info_sec1 = Gram Panchayat
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|RJ-IN]]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Rohida''' is a historic village situated in [[Sirohi district]] of [[India]]n state of [[Rajasthan]].
The village is known for Audichya Rodwal Brahman Community residing there.
The Maharaja of Sirohi State has provided the land to the Rodwal Brahmins.
Rohida has been named after King Rohitashwa, the Son of Satayavadi Raja Harish Chandra.
Rohida is the birthplace of famous historian [[Gaurishankar Hirachand Ojha]].
In 1922 Motilal Tejawat started Eki Movement to unite tribals at Rohida.
The village is also known for historical temples of Sanatan community such as Somnath Mahadev, Rajrajeshwar Mahadev and Sugreeveshwar Mahadev.
After independence, when Panchayati Raj established, the village elected Ravishankar Yagnik, one of freedom fighters from Rodwal community as their first Sarpanch (Head of Gram Panchayat) of the village. Who was later elected as the first Tehsil Pradhan of Pindwara Tehsil, after he represented the constituency to Rajasthan Assembly and requested for backward status for Sirohi district, which was later approved by the assembly. Here, Marwadi dialect is spoken however for official work Hindi is the preferred language.
Rohida is also related to Lord Parshuram, at the period of Mahabharata, Parshuram visited Rohida and established Lord Shiva temple and named it Jabeshwar Mahadev Mandir which is around 4 km from Rohida.

== References ==
*[http://www.maharanapratap.net/theRoyalPalaces.html Rohida village]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150424031951/http://www.whereincity.com/india/pincode/rajasthan/sirohi.htm Rohida PIN]
*[http://209.85.175.104/search?q=cache:uiUlu5JA-eMJ:www.638387.org/sirohi/view.asp+Rohida+sirohi&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=4&gl= Rohida in freedom movement]

{{Sirohi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Sirohi district]]

{{Jodhpurdivision-geo-stub}}

Wategaon

2026-01-29T11:46:53Z

LiveHi:

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Wategaon
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|6|8.00|N|74|9|40.00|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Sangli district|Sangli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Gram Panchyat
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 570
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 415410
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 02342
| registration_plate = MH10
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]] Karad
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Hatkanangle (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hatkanangle]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Shirala (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shirala]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Wategaon''' is a town in [[Sangli district]], Maharashtra, India. Wategaon (pop. 4,255) is a village in [[walva]] taluka {{convert|16|km|mi}} (ten miles) west of [[Uran Islampur|Islampur]] and about {{convert|10|km|mi}} northwest of Peth.
{{mapframe|frame=yes|type=point|zoom=SWITCH:4,6,10|switch=zoomed out, zoomed mid, zoomed in}}

==Notable residents==
* [[Annabhau Sathe]], social reformer and writer was born there in 1920.

== References ==

{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/SANGLI/places_Vategaon.html

[[Category:Cities and towns in Sangli district]]

Reluctant Guru

2026-01-25T09:58:10Z

LiveHi: basic refine formatting for accuracy

{{Short description|Book by R. K. Narayan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox book | 
| name = Reluctant Guru
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = File:ReluctantGuru.jpg
| caption = First edition
| author = [[R. K. Narayan]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist =
| country = India
| language = English
| series =
| genre = [[Essays]]
| publisher = Orient Paperbacks
| release_date = 1974
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print
| pages =
| isbn = 978-0-88253-729-0
| oclc = 233801740
| preceded_by = [[The Ramayana (R. K. Narayan)|The Ramayana]]
| followed_by = [[The Painter of Signs]]
}}

'''''Reluctant Guru''''' is a book by [[R. K. Narayan]] published in 1974 by Orient Paperbacks.<ref>{{cite book|last=Khatri|first=Chotte Lal|title=R.K. Narayan: reflections and re-evaluation|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=2006|pages=211|isbn=978-81-7625-713-8|oclc=123958718}}</ref> The book consists entirely of discursive essays, some of which were his weekly contributions to ''[[The Hindu]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last=McLeod|first=Alan Lindsey|title=R.K. Narayan: critical perspectives|publisher=Sterling Publishers Private Ltd|year=1994|series=Critical studies on literary writers|volume=18|pages=120–121|isbn=978-81-207-1623-0|oclc=30513262}}</ref> Some of the essays relate to the topic of his American stay, describing with his characteristic irony, the expectations of Americans that he would show them the key to the spiritual life of Indians.<ref>{{cite book|last=Narasimhaiah|first=C. D.|title=Critical spectrum: essays in literary culture|publisher=Pencraft International|year=2004|pages=174|isbn=978-81-85753-64-5|oclc=57319443}}</ref> One criticism of the book is that the essays were too short and therefore lacking in depth.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1975|journal=Journal of the Karnatak University|publisher=Karnatak University|volume=19|pages=142–143|issn=0075-515X|oclc=1713748}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{R. K. Narayan}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Books by R. K. Narayan]]
[[Category:1974 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:Indian essay collections]]

{{India-lit-stub}}
{{Essay-stub}}

Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan

2026-01-23T18:51:37Z

LiveHi: Created Pg

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan
| cover = Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan.jpg
| caption = album cover
| type = song
| artist = [[Kamal Haasan]], [[S. Janaki]]
| album = [[Gunaa]]
| released = 1991
| recorded =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 5:27<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guna |url=https://gaana.com/album/guna-tamil |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200905153445/https://gaana.com/album/guna-tamil |archive-date=5 September 2020 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website=[[Gaana (music streaming service)|Gaana]]}}</ref>
| label = [[Pyramid Saimira|Pyramid Audio]]
| composer = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| lyricist = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| producer = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| tracks =
# "Appan Endrum"
# "Unnai Naan"
# "Paartha Vizhi"
# "'''Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan'''"
# "Unnai Naan (Bit)"
# "Oyilala"
| misc = {{External music video|type=song|{{YouTube|2U7XqWoq_SQ|"Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan"}}
}}
}}

'''"Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan"''' ({{Translation|To my love, Kanmani}}) is a song from the Tamil film ''[[Gunaa]]'' (1991) composed by [[Ilaiyaraaja]], written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] and sung by [[Kamal Haasan]] and [[S. Janaki]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/reba-monica-johns-rendition-of-kanmani-anbodu-kadhalan-wins-hearts/articleshow/83774012.cms|title=Reba Monica John's rendition of Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan wins hearts|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 June 2021|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=23 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623104949/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/reba-monica-johns-rendition-of-kanmani-anbodu-kadhalan-wins-hearts/articleshow/83774012.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was noticed for having dialogues interspersed between the lines,<ref name="H">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-love-that-defies-description/article67882894.ece|title=Guna's 'Kanmani Anbodu' lingering once again|first=KC|last=Vijaya Kumar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 February 2024 |url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329062943/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/a-love-that-defies-description/article67882894.ece|archive-date=29 March 2024|access-date=14 September 2024}}</ref> and it was notably one of the few conversational songs in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/tamil/tamil-nadu/city/chennai/lyricist-vaali-anniversary/tamil-nadu20210718071032850|title=நரைத்த நதியில் வாலிபத்தை வாழவைக்கும் வாலி!|trans-title=Vaali that keeps youth alive in the gray river!|work=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]]|date=18 July 2021|access-date=14 September 2024|language=ta}}</ref>

==About the song==
Rohini (Roshini) is being held hostage by Gunaa (Kamal Haasan) in a cave near Kodaikanal. He recites the lines he wants to sing for her as she is his sweetheart. Meanwhile, she also develops a soft-spot for him and sings the lines he suggests.<ref name="H"/>

== Production ==
[[Ilaiyaraaja]] was told the situation of the scene and someone suggested that the song be made in a similar fashion to "Anbulla Mannavane" from ''[[Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum]]'' (1965) but different. [[Kamal Haasan]] was already decided to be the singer before the song was made. Since Haasan already wrote the dialogues of the song himself, [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] only wrote the lyrics for the song.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஆவுடையப்பன் |first=பேச்சி |date=1 March 2024 |title=Manjummel Boys: இணையத்தை கலக்கும் "கண்மணி அன்போடு" பாடல் - உருவான விதம் தெரியுமா? |url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/director-santhana-bharathi-talks-about-making-of-kanmani-anbodu-song-manjummel-boys-video-trending-170344 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306021333/https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/director-santhana-bharathi-talks-about-making-of-kanmani-anbodu-song-manjummel-boys-video-trending-170344 |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=[[ABP Nadu]] |language=ta}}</ref> Haasan called the song "a love letter" between Ilaiyaraaja and himself. [[Santhana Bharathi]] said, "The song could apply to any two people who have immense affection for each other. Kamal Haasan-Ilaiyaraaja or Kamal Haasan and myself for the bonding we have had". The song was initially supposed to be shot in a set until after several days, a trekking guide introduced them to [[Guna Caves|Devil's Kitchen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.webdunia.com/regional-tamil-news/kodaikanal-guna-cave-reopened-after-ten-years-117111400001_1.html|title=மீண்டும் திறக்கப்படுகிறது கமல் கண்டுபிடித்த குணா குகை|trans-title=The Guna cave discovered by Kamal is being reopened|work=Webdunia|language=ta|author=Sivalingam|date=14 November 2017|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914103536/https://tamil.webdunia.com/regional-tamil-news/kodaikanal-guna-cave-reopened-after-ten-years-117111400001_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon entering the caves, Bharathi and Haasan were adamant that they would shoot the song there. The forest department helped ensure that the film crew was safe while shooting.<ref name="D">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kanmani-anbodu-kaadhalan-from-a-love-album-to-friendship-song-2928827|title='Kanmani anbodu kaadhalan': From a love album to friendship song|first=ETB|last=Sivapriyan|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=8 March 2024|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914103613/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/kanmani-anbodu-kaadhalan-from-a-love-album-to-friendship-song-2928827|url-status=live}}</ref> The song was shot at night.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/features/ghost-kitchen-a-special-collection-of-guna-caves-with-kanmani-obsession|title='பேய்களின் சமையல் அறை' - கண்மணி அன்போடு காதலன்... குணா குகை பற்றிய சிறப்பு தொகுப்பு|trans-title='Ghosts' Kitchen' - Kanmani Anbodu Lover... Special collection on Guna Cave|first=Kaleel|last=Rahman|language=ta|date=1 September 2021|work=[[Puthiya Thalaimurai]]|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914103535/https://www.puthiyathalaimurai.com/features/ghost-kitchen-a-special-collection-of-guna-caves-with-kanmani-obsession|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Themes and influences ==
The relationship between Gunaa and Rohini as shown in the song was considered to be love in the 1990s, but in modern times, it may also be considered as [[Stockholm syndrome]].<ref name="H"/> According to Vishnu Sivasankar, the song can also be about the love and non-sexual affection in friendship such as [[bromance]] as shown by the song's placement throughout the 2024 Malayalam film ''[[Manjummel Boys]]'' (2024).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/heres-how-tamil-melody-kanmani-anbodu-redefined-friendship-and-selfless-love-in-manjummel-boys/|title=Here's how Tamil melody 'Kanmani Anbodu' redefined friendship and selfless love in 'Manjummel Boys'…|first=Arjun|last=Ramachandran|work=The South First|date=7 March 2024|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423020642/https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/heres-how-tamil-melody-kanmani-anbodu-redefined-friendship-and-selfless-love-in-manjummel-boys/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=P. V. |first=Anjana |date=6 March 2024 |title='Manjummel Boys' Movie: How a new Malayalam movie has made an old Tamil song go viral |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/manjummel-boys-movie-how-a-new-malayalam-movie-has-made-an-old-tamil-song-go-viral/article67913053.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909012902/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/manjummel-boys-movie-how-a-new-malayalam-movie-has-made-an-old-tamil-song-go-viral/article67913053.ece |archive-date=9 September 2024 |access-date=14 September 2024 |work=[[Business Line]]}}</ref>

== Selected lyrics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Transliteration
!English Translation
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| Kanmani anbodu kadhalan yezhudhum kadithame
|To my love, Kanmani, I write you this letter.
|<ref name="D"/><ref name="H"/>
|-
|Oh, paatave padichittiya
|Oh, you have composed a song out of this
|<ref name="H"/>
|-
|Mandihar unarthukkola ithu manitha kadhal alla, athaiyum thaandi punithamaanathu
|the immortal love that cannot be understood by humans
|<ref name="D"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/tamil/2019/Jun/01/the-beauty-of-success-is-when-you-dont-see-it-coming-1984529.html|title='The beauty of success is when you don't see it coming'|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=1 June 2019|first=Sudhir|last=Suryawanshi|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914103535/https://www.newindianexpress.com/tamil/2019/Jun/01/the-beauty-of-success-is-when-you-dont-see-it-coming-1984529.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/Jun/08/guna-means-everything-to-me-rs-prasanna-2462947.html|title=Guna means everything to me: RS Prasanna|date=7 June 2022|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005125338/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/jun/08/guna-means-everything-to-me-rs-prasanna-2462947.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|undana kaayam engum thannale aari pogum maayam enna, ponmane
|what is the magic behind my wounds healing on their own?
|<ref name="D"/>
|-
|enna kaayam aana podhu en meni thaangi kollum undhan meni thaangadhu sendhene
|Whatever be the wound, I will bear. But, will you be able to bear it, honey?
|<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/why-kerala-manjummel-boys-is-a-perfect-tribute-to-kamal-haasan-guna-2508697-2024-02-29|title=Why Kerala's 'Manjummel Boys' is a perfect tribute to Kamal Haasan's 'Guna'|date=29 February 2024|work=[[India Today]]|first=Janani|last=K.|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=5 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305003151/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/standpoint/story/why-kerala-manjummel-boys-is-a-perfect-tribute-to-kamal-haasan-guna-2508697-2024-02-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Endhan kadhal enna vendru sollamal enga enga azhugai vandhadhu, endhan sogam unnai thaakum endrennum podhu vandha azhugai nindradhu
|I get tears when I'm not able to express my love. But my tears stop when I think that my sadness will have an effect on you
|<ref name="I"/>
|-
|}

== Impact ==
The line "Abhirami Abhirami" became popular and men would whisper these lines at women's colleges.<ref name="H"/> [[Stella Maris College, Chennai|Stella Maris College]] alumnus Ray Simon said, "The lyrics had depth and the melody was soothing. [...] Every time I hear the song or hum it, it takes me back to those good old days of kanmanis and kadhals ({{Translation|women and men falling in love in college}})".<ref name="H"/> The song plays during the end credits of the Malaysian film ''Ops Kossa Dappa'' (2004).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ea6phH5E1H4|title=OPS KOHSA DAPPA 1 - ஓப்ஸ் கோச டப்பா 1|date=19 April 2020|via=YouTube}}</ref> The song "Namma Thamizh Folku" from ''[[Dada (2023 film)|Dada]]'' (2023) has a line "Oh, paatave paditingala" ({{Translation|Oh, you sang it as a song}}) based on "Oh, paatave padichittiya".<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bdM4kPSCtfg|title=
Namma Thamizh Folku - Video {{!}} Dada {{!}} Kavin {{!}} Jen Martin ft. Vaisagh {{!}} Ganesh K Babu {{!}} Olympia Movies|work=Think Music India|via=YouTube|date=14 January 2023|time=0:23-0:25|access-date=30 November 2025}}</ref>

== Other versions ==
The Telugu dubbed version of the song "Kammani Ee Premalekha" (also called "Priyathama Neevachata Kusalama") was also popular.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/Jun/09/spb-is-magic-no-matter-what-the-language-753014.html|title=SPB is Magic, No Matter What the Language|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=8 June 2015 |access-date=20 September 2024|archive-date=20 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920072336/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2015/Jun/09/spb-is-magic-no-matter-what-the-language-753014.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-arjun-and-nani-sing-and-dance-at-their-best-friends-wedding-1327646-2018-08-30|title=Allu Arjun and Nani sing at their best friend's wedding. Watch video|date=30 August 2018|work=[[India Today]]|access-date=20 September 2024|archive-date=20 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240920072336/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/allu-arjun-and-nani-sing-and-dance-at-their-best-friends-wedding-1327646-2018-08-30|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, [[Sanah Moidutty]] recreated a cover version of the song.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/Sep/17/singer-sanah-moidutty-i-was-nervous-about-covering-kanmani-anbodu-the-song-means-a-lot-to-everyone-7910.html|title=Singer Sanah Moidutty: I was nervous about covering Kanmani Anbodu; the song means a lot to everyone|date=17 September 2018|work=[[Cinema Express]]|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=24 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924083720/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2018/sep/17/singer-sanah-moidutty-i-was-nervous-about-covering-kanmani-anbodu-the-song-means-a-lot-to-everyone-7910.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180904-singer-sanah-moidutty-comes-her-first-ever|title=Singer Sanah Moidutty comes up with her first ever Tamil Cover|date=4 September 2018|website=radioandmusic.com|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=14 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914012602/https://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/180904-singer-sanah-moidutty-comes-her-first-ever|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2024, DJ Revvy created a remix version of the song.<ref name="N">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/viral/remix-version-of-song-kanmani-anbodu-from-kamal-haasans-film-guna-viral-8952795.html|title=Remix Version Of Song Kanmani Anbodu From Kamal Haasan's Film Guna Viral|work=[[News18]]|access-date=14 September 2024|archive-date=3 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240703080627/https://www.news18.com/viral/remix-version-of-song-kanmani-anbodu-from-kamal-haasans-film-guna-viral-8952795.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Charts==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performances for "Kanmani Anbodu Kadhalan"
! scope="col"| Chart (2024)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| India (''[[Instagram]]'')<ref name="N"/> {{small|''DJ Revvy remix''}}
| 1
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1991 songs]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Songs in Tamil]]
[[Category:Songs written for Tamil films]]

Charak Palika Hospital

2026-01-06T13:27:47Z

LiveHi: started new bio w/ refs.

{{Short description|Hospital in New Delhi, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox hospital
| name = Charak Palika Hospital
| coordinates = {{Coord|28|35|7.05|N|77|10|37.53|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| state = [[New Delhi]]
| country = [[India]]
| funding = [[Government]], Public
| affiliation = [[New Delhi Municipal Council]]
}}

'''Charak Palika Hospital''' a government hospital maintained by the [[New Delhi Municipal Council]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-04 |title=Charak Palika Hospital to be converted to Covid-only facility soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/charak-palika-hospital-to-be-converted-to-covid-only-facility-soon/story-B9IniBmO43IwhLFql0WFGJ.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=SNS |date=2022-01-03 |title=VC-NDMC visits Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Unani, Dental and Panchkarma health facilities to evaluate the preparedness for Covid19 new variant Omicron |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/coronavirus/vc-ndmc-visits-ayurvedic-homeopathic-unani-dental-panchkarma-health-facilities-evaluate-preparedness-covid19-new-variant-omicron-1503036012.html |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=The Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Baxi |first1=C. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AB_u44-xJOUC&dq=charak+palika+hospital&pg=PA459 |title=Corporate Social Responsibility: Concepts and Cases : the Indian Experience |last2=Prasad |first2=Ajit |date=2005 |publisher=Excel Books India |isbn=978-81-7446-449-1 |language=en}}</ref>

== Medical facilities ==

* Cardiology / Medicine and ECHO<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charak Palika Hospital {{!}} National Health Portal Of India |url=https://www.nhp.gov.in/hospital/charak-palika-hospital-south-delhi |access-date=2022-10-04 |website=www.nhp.gov.in |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008230421/https://www.nhp.gov.in/hospital/charak-palika-hospital-south-delhi |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Surgery
* ENT including audiology
* Paediatrics
* Eye
* Physiotherapy
* Radiology and Ultrasound facilities
* Psychiatry
* Orthopedics
* Dental

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Hospitals in Delhi]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1973]]
[[Category:New Delhi]]

Hmaric languages

2026-01-01T11:11:03Z

LiveHi: Created New Pg

{{Short description|Languages of the Hmar people}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Hmaric languages
| nativename = Hmar ṭawnghai
| pronunciation = {{IPA|hmr|m̥áːr|}}
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Mizoram]], [[Manipur]], [[Assam]], [[Tripura]], and [[Meghalaya]]
| ethnicity = [[Hmar people|Hmar]]
| speakers =
| date=
| ref =
| familycolor = Sino-Tibetan
| fam2 = [[Kuki-Chin languages|Kuki-Chin]]
| fam3=[[Central Kuki-Chin languages|Central]]
| fam4=[[Mizo language|Mizoic]]
| script = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| nation =
| minority = Assam, Manipur and Mizoram
| iso3 = none
| glotto = hmar1240
| glottorefname = Hmaric

}}
The '''Hmaric languages''' (''Hmar ṭawnghai'') or '''Hmar languages'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glottolog 4.7 - Hmaric |url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/hmar1240 |access-date=2023-02-07 |website=glottolog.org}}</ref> are a subbranch of the [[Kukish languages|Kukish-Mizo]] branch of the [[Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan language family]] which comprises [[Hmar language|Hmar proper (Khawsak Țawng/Trawng)]] Țhiek/Thriek, [[Saihriem language|Saihriem]] (Faihriem), Leiri, Dulien/Duhlian(a sub-clan of Faihriem) and others.<ref>VanBik, Kenneth. 2009. [https://stedt.berkeley.edu/pubs_and_prods/STEDT_Monograph8_Proto-Kuki-Chin.pdf ''Proto-Kuki-Chin: A Reconstructed Ancestor of the Kuki-Chin Languages'']. STEDT Monograph 8, p. 50.</ref> The Hmar languages are often treated as dialects of a single language, since differences between them are reportedly minor.<ref>Baruah, Dutta P.N. & V.L.Y. Bapui. 1996. ''Hmar Grammar.'' Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, p. 3: "Different sub-tribes and clans speak different varieties [...] The differences among them, however, are marginal".</ref> The speakers of the language are also known as [[Hmars|Hmar]].

In Manipur, Hmar exhibits partial mutual intelligibility with the other Kukish dialects of the area including [[Thadou language|Thadou]], [[Paite language|Paite]], [[Vaiphei language|Vaiphei]], [[Simte language|Simte]], [[Kom language (India)|Kom]] and [[Gangte language|Gangte]] languages.<ref name=Singh>{{cite journal|last1=Singh|first1=Chungkham Yashawanta|title=The linguistic situation in Manipur|journal=Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area|date=1995|volume=18|issue=1|pages=129–134|url=http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/singh1995linguistic.pdf|accessdate=19 June 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Naga languages}}
{{Languages of Northeast India}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kuki-Chin languages|*]]
[[Category:Languages of Assam]]
[[Category:Languages of Manipur]]
[[Category:Languages of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Endangered languages of India]]
[[Category:Languages of Tripura]]
[[Category:Hmar]]

{{st-lang-stub}}

Suresh P. Sethi

2025-12-30T17:20:11Z

LiveHi: small correct structure after review and improved wording

{{short description|Indian-American mathematician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=April 2023}}
{{Third-party|date=April 2023}}
}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Suresh P. Sethi
| image = Suresh-sethi-1.JPG
| image_size = 200px
| citizenship = [[United States]]
| fields = [[Operations management]], [[optimal control]], [[Manufacturing]], [[Operations Research]], [[Finance]], [[Economics]], [[Marketing]],[[Industrial Engineering]], [[Optimal Control]]
| workplaces = [[University of Texas at Dallas]], [[University of Toronto]], [[Rice University]], [[Weyerhaeuser Company]], [[Omark Industries]], [[Hindustan Motors]], [[Bhilai Steel Plant]]
| patrons = [[Eugene McDermott]]
| alma_mater = [[Carnegie Mellon University]] [[Washington State University]] [[IIT Bombay]]
| thesis_title = Applications of Optimal Control Theory in Management Science and Economics
| doctoral_advisor = [[Gerald L. Thompson]], Timothy McGuire, Charles Newman,
| academic_advisors = [[George Dantzig]]
| notable_students = [[Subodha Kumar]],
Steef van de Velde
| known_for = [[Sethi model]], [[Sethi-Skiba point]], [[K-convexity in Rn]]
| website = http://www.utdallas.edu/~sethi
| prizes = [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] Fellow (2009), [[IIT Bombay]] Distinguished Alum (2008)
}}
'''Suresh P. Sethi''' is an [[Indian-American]] mathematician who is the Eugene McDermott Chair of [[operations management|Operations Management]] and Director of the Center for Intelligent Supply Networks at the [[University of Texas at Dallas]].

He has worked as departmental editor of ''[[Production and Operations Management]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=https://journals.sagepub.com/editorial-board/pao | title=Editorial Board: Production and Operations Management }}</ref> corresponding editor of ''[[SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization]]'', and associate editor of [[Operations Research (journal)|''Operations Research'']], ''[[Manufacturing & Service Operations Management]]'', and ''[[Automatica]]''.

==Education==
Sethi received his PhD in operations research from [[Carnegie Mellon University]] and was a post-doctoral fellow at [[Stanford University]] under the supervision of [[George B. Dantzig]]. He obtained a [[Bachelor of Technology|B.Tech.]] with honors in [[mechanical engineering|Mechanical Engineering]] from the [[Indian Institute of Technology Bombay]], a [[Master of Science|M.S.]] in [[Industrial administration|Industrial Administration]] from [[Carnegie Mellon University]], and a [[Master of Business Administration]] from [[Washington State University]].<ref name="webpage">{{Cite web |title=Dr. Suresh Pal Sethi |url=https://acr.iitbombay.org/awards/dr-suresh-pal-sethi-3/ |access-date=2024-08-01 |website=Indian Institute of Technology Bombay |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Published books ==
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-98237-3 |title=Optimal Control Theory |date=2019 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-98237-3 |language=en |last1=Sethi |first1=Suresh P. |isbn=978-3-319-98236-6 }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-94-017-3028-0 |title=Solutions Manual for Optimal Control Theory |date=1981 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-017-3028-0 |last1=Sethi |first1=Suresh P. |last2=Thompson |first2=Gerald L. |doi-broken-date=1 July 2025 |isbn=978-0-89838-074-3 }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4612-0285-1 |title=Hierarchical Decision Making in Stochastic Manufacturing Systems |date=1994 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4612-0285-1 |last1=Sethi |first1=Suresh P. |last2=Zhang |first2=Qing |isbn=978-1-4612-6694-5 }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4615-6257-3 |title=Optimal Consumption and Investment with Bankruptcy |date=1997 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-6257-3 |language=en |last1=Sethi |first1=Suresh P. |isbn=978-1-4613-7871-6 }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-387-29903-3 |title=Optimal Control Theory |date=2000 |doi=10.1007/0-387-29903-3 |isbn=0-387-28092-8 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-387-27615-7 |title=Average-Cost Control of Stochastic Manufacturing Systems |series=Stochastic Modelling and Applied Probability |date=2005 |volume=54 |doi=10.1007/0-387-27615-7 |isbn=0-387-21947-1 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/b135819 |title=Inventory and Supply Chain Management with Forecast Updates |series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science |date=2005 |volume=81 |doi=10.1007/b135819 |isbn=978-1-4020-8123-1 |language=en |last1=Sethi |first1=Suresh P. |last2=Yan |first2=Houmin |last3=Zhang |first3=Hanqin }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/0-387-70988-6 |title=Throughput Optimization in Robotic Cells |series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science |date=2007 |volume=101 |doi=10.1007/0-387-70988-6 |isbn=978-0-387-70987-1 |language=en}}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-0-387-71604-6 |title=Markovian Demand Inventory Models |series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science |date=2010 |volume=108 |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-71604-6 |isbn=978-0-387-56563-7 |language=en |last1=Beyer |first1=Dirk |last2=Cheng |first2=Feng |last3=Sethi |first3=Suresh P. |last4=Taksar |first4=Michael }}
*{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4471-2321-7 |title=Industrial Engineering: Innovative Networks |date=2012 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4471-2321-7 |isbn=978-1-4471-2320-0 |language=en |editor-last1=Sethi |editor-last2=Bogataj |editor-last3=Ros-Mcdonnell |editor-first1=Suresh P. |editor-first2=Marija |editor-first3=Lorenzo }}

==Research works==
Sethi's publications have been cited 31850 times in total, with 86 [[h-index]] and 334 [[i10-index]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Suresh Sethi |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m5rvcIIAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=2024-08-21 |website=scholar.google.com}}</ref> He has contributed in the fields of [[manufacturing]]<ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/978-1-4612-0285-1 | title=Hierarchical Decision Making in Stochastic Manufacturing Systems | year=1994 | last1=Sethi | first1=Suresh P. | last2=Zhang | first2=Qing | isbn=978-1-4612-6694-5 }}</ref> and [[operations management]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Haruvy |first1=Ernan |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |last3=Zhou |first3=Jing |date= 2008|title=Open Source Development with a Commercial Complementary Product or Service |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3401/poms.1070.0004 |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=29–43 |doi=10.3401/poms.1070.0004 |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/978-0-387-71604-6 | title=Markovian Demand Inventory Models | series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science | year=2010 | volume=108 | isbn=978-0-387-56563-7 }}</ref> [[finance]]<ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/978-1-4615-6257-3 | title=Optimal Consumption and Investment with Bankruptcy | year=1997 | last1=Sethi | first1=Suresh P. | isbn=978-1-4613-7871-6 }}</ref> and [[economics]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1073/pnas.0708030104 | title=Optimal savings and the value of population | year=2007 | last1=Arrow | first1=Kenneth J. | last2=Bensoussan | first2=Alain | last3=Feng | first3=Qi | last4=Sethi | first4=Suresh P. | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | volume=104 | issue=47 | pages=18421–18426 | pmid=17984059 | pmc=2141792 | bibcode=2007PNAS..10418421A | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | doi=10.4324/9780203844557 | title=Optimal Control of Age-structured Populations in Economy, Demography, and the Environment | year=2013 | isbn=9781136920936 | editor-last1=Boucekkine | editor-last2=Hritonenko | editor-last3=Yatsenko | editor-first1=Raouf | editor-first2=Natali | editor-first3=Yuri }}</ref> [[marketing]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1002/oca.4660040207 | title=Deterministic and stochastic optimization of a dynamic advertising model | year=1983 | last1=Sethi | first1=Suresh P. | journal=Optimal Control Applications and Methods | volume=4 | issue=2 | pages=179–184 | s2cid=123673289 }}</ref> [[industrial engineering]],<ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/0-387-70988-6 | title=Throughput Optimization in Robotic Cells | series=International Series in Operations Research & Management Science | year=2007 | volume=101 | isbn=978-0-387-70987-1 | s2cid=60059332 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | doi=10.1007/978-1-4471-2321-7 | title=Industrial Engineering: Innovative Networks | year=2012 | isbn=978-1-4471-2320-0 | editor-last1=Sethi | editor-last2=Bogataj | editor-last3=Ros-Mcdonnell | editor-first1=Suresh P. | editor-first2=Marija | editor-first3=Lorenzo }}</ref> [[operations research]],<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1287/moor.13.2.295 | title=Concepts of Forecast and Decision Horizons: Applications to Dynamic Stochastic Optimization Problems | year=1988 | last1=Bes | first1=C. | last2=Sethi | first2=S. P. | journal=Mathematics of Operations Research | volume=13 | issue=2 | pages=295–310 | s2cid=5840100 }}</ref> and [[optimal control]].<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01187.x | title=Suresh P. Sethi | journal=Production and Operations Management | year=2011 | volume=20 | issue=6 | pages=xi-xii }}</ref> He is known for his developments of the [[Sethi advertising model]] and [[Sethi-Skiba point]], and for his textbook on [[optimal control]].<ref name="thompson00">Sethi, S.P. and Thompson, G.L., ''Optimal Control Theory: Applications to Management Science and Economics'', Second Edition, Springer, 2000. {{ISBN|0-387-28092-8}} and {{ISBN|0-7923-8608-6}}.</ref>

=== Notable works ===
Sethi is known for his accomplishments in unifying many theories and concepts in [[Sethi model]], [[Sethi-Skiba point]], [[K-convexity in Rn]] Decision and Forecast Horizons,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Rempala |first1=Ryszarda |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh |date=July 1992 |title=Decision and forecast horizons for one-dimensional optimal control problems: Existence results and applications |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oca.4660130302 |journal=Optimal Control Applications and Methods |language=en |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=179–192 |doi=10.1002/oca.4660130302 |issn=0143-2087|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and Supply Chain Coordination with Risk Averse Agents.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gan |first1=Xianghua |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |last3=Yan |first3=Houmin |date=June 2004 |title=Coordination of Supply Chains with Risk-Averse Agents |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2004.tb00150.x |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=13 |issue=2 |pages=135–149 |doi=10.1111/j.1937-5956.2004.tb00150.x |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==== Sethi model====
The [[Sethi model]] describes the process of how sales evolve over time in response to [[advertising]]. The model assumes that the rate of change in sales depend on three effects: response to advertising that acts positively on the unsold portion of the market, the loss due to forgetting or possibly due to competitive factors that act negatively on the sold portion of the market, and a random effect that can go either way.{{cn|date=August 2024}} The following are related journal publications over the years that established and generalized Sethi model.

*{{Cite journal |last=Sethi |first=Suresh P. |date=April 1983 |title=Deterministic and stochastic optimization of a dynamic advertising model |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/oca.4660040207 |journal=Optimal Control Applications and Methods |language=en |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=179–184 |doi=10.1002/oca.4660040207 |issn=0143-2087|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Adrian Patrick |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |last3=Siu |first3=Chi Chung |last4=Yam |first4=Sheung Chi Phillip |date=November 2021 |title=Cooperative Advertising in a Dynamic Three-Echelon Supply Chain |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/poms.13487 |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=3881–3905 |doi=10.1111/poms.13487 |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Bass |first1=Frank M. |last2=Krishnamoorthy |first2=Anand |last3=Prasad |first3=Ashutosh |last4=Sethi |first4=Suresh P. |date=November 2005 |title=Generic and Brand Advertising Strategies in a Dynamic Duopoly |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mksc.1050.0119 |journal=Marketing Science |language=en |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=556–568 |doi=10.1287/mksc.1050.0119 |issn=0732-2399|url-access=subscription }}
# Naik, P. A.; Prasad, A.; Sethi, S. P. (2008). "[[doi:10.1287/mnsc.1070.0755|Building Brand Awareness in Dynamic *{{Cite journal |last1=Naik |first1=Prasad A. |last2=Prasad |first2=Ashutosh |last3=Sethi |first3=Suresh P. |date=January 2008 |title=Building Brand Awareness in Dynamic Oligopoly Markets |url=https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/mnsc.1070.0755 |journal=Management Science |language=en |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=129–138 |doi=10.1287/mnsc.1070.0755 |issn=0025-1909|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Prasad |first1=Ashutosh |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |date=2009-03-01 |title=Integrated marketing communications in markets with uncertainty and competition |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0005109808004810 |journal=Automatica |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=601–610 |doi=10.1016/j.automatica.2008.09.018 |issn=0005-1098|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=He |first1=Xiuli |last2=Prasad |first2=Ashutosh |last3=Sethi |first3=Suresh P. |date=January 2009 |title=Cooperative Advertising and Pricing in a Dynamic Stochastic Supply Chain: Feedback Stackelberg Strategies |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2009.01006.x |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=78–94 |doi=10.1111/j.1937-5956.2009.01006.x |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Bensoussan |first1=Alain |last2=Chen |first2=Shaokuan |last3=Chutani |first3=Anshuman |last4=Sethi |first4=Suresh P. |last5=Siu |first5=Chi Chung |last6=Phillip Yam |first6=Sheung Chi |date=January 2019 |title=Feedback Stackelberg--Nash Equilibria in Mixed Leadership Games with an Application to Cooperative Advertising |url=https://epubs.siam.org/doi/10.1137/17M1153212 |journal=SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization |language=en |volume=57 |issue=5 |pages=3413–3444 |doi=10.1137/17M1153212 |issn=0363-0129}}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Kennedy |first1=Adrian Patrick |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |last3=Siu |first3=Chi Chung |last4=Yam |first4=Sheung Chi Phillip |date=November 2021 |title=Cooperative Advertising in a Dynamic Three-Echelon Supply Chain |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/poms.13487 |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=3881–3905 |doi=10.1111/poms.13487 |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last1=Han |first1=Jinhui |last2=Sethi |first2=Suresh P. |last3=Siu |first3=Chi Chung |last4=Yam |first4=Sheung Chi Phillip |date=June 2023 |title=Co-op advertising in randomly fluctuating markets |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/poms.13929 |journal=Production and Operations Management |language=en |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=1617–1635 |doi=10.1111/poms.13929 |issn=1059-1478|url-access=subscription }}

==== Sethi-Skiba point ====
[[Sethi-Skiba point]]s arise in [[optimal control]] problems that exhibit multiple optimal solutions. A Sethi-Skiba point is an indifference point in an optimal control problem such that starting from such a point, the problem has more than one different optimal solutions.{{cn|date=August 2024}}

*{{Cite journal |last=Sethi |first=S. P. |date=1977-12-01 |title=Nearest feasible paths in optimal control problems: Theory, examples, and counterexamples |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00933297 |journal=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=563–579 |doi=10.1007/BF00933297 |issn=1573-2878|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Skiba |first=A. K. |date=1978 |title=Optimal Growth with a Convex-Concave Production Function |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1914229 |journal=Econometrica |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=527–539 |doi=10.2307/1914229 |jstor=1914229 |issn=0012-9682|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Sethi |first=S. P. |date=1977-12-01 |title=Nearest feasible paths in optimal control problems: Theory, examples, and counterexamples |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00933297 |journal=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications |language=en |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=563–579 |doi=10.1007/BF00933297 |issn=1573-2878|url-access=subscription }}
*{{Cite journal |last=Sethi |first=S. P. |date=1979-12-01 |title=Optimal advertising policy with the contagion model |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00934454 |journal=Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=615–627 |doi=10.1007/BF00934454 |issn=1573-2878|url-access=subscription }}

==Honors and awards==
Sethi has been elected to Production and Operations Management Society (POMS) Fellow in 2005,<ref> {{Cite web |title=UTD's Dr. Suresh Sethi Is Elected POMS Fellow |url=https://news.utdallas.edu/faculty-staff/utds-dr-suresh-sethi-is-elected-poms-fellow/ |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=News Center |language=en-US}} </ref> one of eight individuals up to that time to be honored with that distinction in the field of Operations Management.

He is the recipient of the 2015 Tepper Alumni Achievement Award <ref name=":0" />

Two conferences have been organized in his honor, at [[Aix-en-Provence]] in 2005<ref name = "conf-fr">''[http://prolog.univie.ac.at/events/Sethi60/ Optimal Control and Dynamic Games:]'' Workshop in Honor of Suresh Sethi, Aix en Provence, France, June 2–6, 2005.</ref> and at [[University of Texas at Dallas]] in 2006.<ref name = "conf-utd">''[http://som.utdallas.edu/news/news.php?news_id=407 International Conference on Management Sciences: Optimization Models and Applications]'' in Honor of Professor Suresh Sethi, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, May 20–22, 2006.</ref> Also, two books have been edited in his honor.<ref name = "book-hon1">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bfDGwTnHFCUC&pg=PR19&dq=International+Conference+on+Management+Sciences:++Optimization+Models+and+Applications+in+Honor+of+Professor+Suresh+Sethi#PPR1, M1 Stochastic Processes, Optimization, and Control Theory: Applications in Financial Engineering, Queueing Networks, and Manufacturing Systems:]'' A Volume in Honor of Suresh Sethi; [https://www.springer.com/business/production/book/978-0-387-33770-8 Series: International Series in Operations Research & Management Science], Vol. 94, H. Yan, G. Yin, and Q. Zhang (Eds.), Springer, 2006. (360 pages – {{ISBN|978-0-387-33770-8}})</ref><ref name = "book-hon2">''[https://www.springer.com/economics/economic+theory/book/978-0-387-25804-1 Optimal Control and Dynamic Games, Applications in Finance, Management Science and Economics],'' Series: Advances in Computational Management Science, Vol. 7, C. Deissenberg and R.F. Hartl (Eds.), Springer, Netherlands, 2005. (344 pages – {{ISBN|978-0-387-25804-1}})</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Honor/Award
|-
|1984-85
|Connaught Senior Research Fellow, [[University of Toronto]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=MINIMIZING MAKESPAN IN FLOWSHOPS |url=https://repub.eur.nl/pub/12344/MinimizingMakespanFlowshops_1997.pdf#page=9}}</ref>
|-
|1996
|Award of Merit, Canadian Operational Research Society (CORS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Award of Merit {{!}} Canadian Operational Research Society |url=https://www.cors.ca/?q=content/award-merit#:~:text=1996,Suresh%20Sethi |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.cors.ca}}</ref>
|-
|2000
|Senior Research Fellow, IC2 Institute<ref>{{Cite web |title=IC2 Institute 2018 Fellows Directory |url=https://ic2.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/ic2-fellows-directory-20180111.pdf#page=158 |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2003
|[[IEEE fellow|IEEE Fellow]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=IEEE Elects UTD Professor Sethi as Fellow |url=https://news.utdallas.edu/faculty-staff/ieee-elects-utd-professor-sethi-as-fellow/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=News Center |language=en-US}}</ref> [[INFORMS]] Fellow, [[AAAS Fellow]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UTD's Suresh Sethi Elected Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science |url=https://news.utdallas.edu/faculty-staff/utds-suresh-sethi-elected-fellow-of-american-association-for-the-advancement-of-science/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=News Center |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2004
|[[Wickham Skinner|Wickham-Skinner]] Best Paper Award in [[Production and Operations Management]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wickham Skinner Award Recipient - 2004 - Best Paper Award 4 {{!}} Production and Operations Management Society |url=https://www.poms.org/node/477 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.poms.org}}</ref>
|-
|2005
|[[Production and Operations Management Society]] Fellow<ref>{{Cite web |title=POMS Fellows Award Recipients Suresh Sethi 2005 {{!}} Production and Operations Management Society |url=https://www.poms.org/node/418 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.poms.org}}</ref>
|-
|2008
|[[IIT Bombay]] Distinguished Alum<ref name="webpage" />
|-
|2009
|[[SIAM Fellow]], [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fellows Directory {{!}} SIAM |url=https://www.siam.org/programs-initiatives/prizes-awards/fellows-program/fellows-directory/?_page=1&keywords=#:~:text=Suresh%20P.%20Sethi,sciences%20and%20economics. |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|President, [[Production and Operations Management Society]] (POMS)<ref>{{Cite web |title=PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT SOCIETY 2012 Officers and Board Members |url=https://www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfProceedings/043/People/BoardMembers2012.pdf |access-date=31 July 2024 |website=}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|Alumni Achievement Award ([[Tepper School of Business]], [[Carnegie Mellon University]])<ref>{{Cite web |last=University |first=Carnegie Mellon |title=Alumni Awards - Tepper School of Business - Carnegie Mellon University |url=https://www.cmu.edu/tepper/alumni/awards/index.html#:~:text=2015,1972%0AAlumni%20Achievement%20Award |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.cmu.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_49vlugiMbs |title=Suresh Sethi, Ph.D '72 {{!}} Recipient of the 2015 Tepper Alumni Achievement Award |date=2016-04-12 |last=TepperCMU |access-date=2024-07-31 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|Sushil K Gupta [[Production and Operations Management]] Distinguished Service Award<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushil K Gupta Award Recipient Suresh P Sethi 2020 {{!}} Production and Operations Management Society |url=https://www.poms.org/node/394 |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.poms.org}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|Best Paper Award Named After Suresh Sethi ([[Production and Operations Management Society]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Invited Speaker: Suresh P. Sethi – SOR '25 |url=https://sor.fov.um.si/invited-speaker-suresh-p-sethi/#:~:text=Also%2C%20two%20books%20have%20been%20edited%20in%20his%20honor.%20Production%20and%20Operations%20Management%20Society%20(POMS)%20has%20instituted%20a%20Suresh%20Sethi%20Best%20Interdisciplinary%20Paper%20Award%20every%20two%20years%20beginning%20in%202023. |access-date=2024-07-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association Fellow<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asia-Pacific Artificial Intelligence Association |url=https://www.aaia-ai.org/fellows?words=Suresh%20Sethi |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=www.aaia-ai.org}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|[[Journal of Operations Management]] Ambassador Award<ref>{{Cite book |title=Journal of Operations Management Award Winners | publisher=Wiley |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/page/journal/18731317/homepage/award-winners#:~:text=Green%20Supply%20Chain%20Management%20in%20Chinese%20Firms%3A%20Innovative%20Measures%20and%20the%20Moderating%20Role%20of%20Quick%20Response%20Technology%0AGuo%20Li%2C%20Lin%20Li%2C%20Tsan%2DMing%20Choi%2C%20and%20Suresh%20P.%20Sethi%0AVolume%2066%2C%20Issues%207%2D8%2C%20October%2DDecember%202020 |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.utdallas.edu/~sethi/}}
* [https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=328623 SSRN Author Page of Suresh P. Sethi]
* [http://econpapers.repec.org/RAS/pse207.htm Author Page of Suresh P. Sethi at RePec/EconPapers]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethi, Suresh P.}}
[[Category:American operations researchers]]
[[Category:Tepper School of Business alumni]]
[[Category:Carnegie Mellon University alumni]]
[[Category:Rice University faculty]]
[[Category:21st-century American economists]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada]]
[[Category:IIT Bombay alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences]]
[[Category:Indian operations researchers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian economists]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]

Burj Bhalaike

2025-12-14T00:26:50Z

LiveHi: started a article more to come.

{{Short description|Village in Mansa District, Punjab, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Burj Bhalaike
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Burj Bhalai
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 15
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29.842356|N|75.274630|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = [[Sardulgarh tehsil|Sardulgarh]]
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.32
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 214
| population_total = 1737
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Gurmukhi|Punjabi (Gurmukhi)]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 151505| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01659-26*****
| registration_plate = PB51
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Mansa, Punjab|Mansa]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Burj Bhalaike''', sometimes spelled '''Buraj Bhalaike''', or '''Burj Bhalai''' ([[Gurmukhi]]: {{Langx|pa|ਬੁਰਜ ਭਲਾਈਕੇ|label=none}}), is a village in the [[Sardulgarh]] [[tehsil]] of [[Mansa district, Punjab|Mansa district]] in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Village & Panchayats {{!}} District Mansa, Government of Punjab {{!}} India |url=https://mansa.nic.in/village-panchayats/ |access-date=2022-09-12 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==

Burj Bhalaike is located at {{coord|29.842356|N|75.274630|E|}}<ref name="gm">Google maps</ref> in the Mansa district of [[Indian Punjab]]. [[Mansa railway station|Mansa]] is the nearest railway station, lying {{convert|28|km|mi}} to its north, [[Sardulgarh]] (22 km) to the southwest, the city and district of [[Bathinda]] to the northwest and the city and district of [[Sangrur]] to the northeast.<ref name=gm/>

==Education==
There is a Govt. Primary School and a Govt. High School in Burj Bhalaike.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: ePunjab Schools :: |url=https://www.epunjabschool.gov.in/GS_SchoolWebsite/Search.aspx |access-date=2022-09-12 |website=www.epunjabschool.gov.in |archive-date=7 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307185731/https://www.epunjabschool.gov.in/gs_schoolwebsite/Search.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:GPS Burj Bhalaike Main Gate.jpg|Government Primary School Burj Bhalaike Main Gate
File:GHS Burj Bhalaike Main Gate.jpg|Government High School Burj Bhalaike Main Gate
File:Ayushman Arogaya Kendra in Burj Bhalaike.jpg|Ayushman Arogaya Kendra
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commonscat|Burj Bhalaike}}
{{Mansa district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mansa district, India]]

Hattimatim tim (rhyme)

2025-12-07T06:37:19Z

LiveHi: rework information as per guidelines

{{Short description|Bengali nursery rhyme}}
{{Orphan|date=December 2025}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2025}}

{{Infobox poem
| name = Hattimatim tim
| author = Unknown
| publication_date = 1899<ref name="খুকুমণির ছড়া">{{cite book |last= সরকার |first= যোগীন্দ্রনাথ |author-link= |date=1899 |title= খুকুমণির ছড়া|url= https://bookreader.toolforge.org/bn/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_-_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A5_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0.pdf#page/36/mode/2up |location= Calcutta |publisher=City Book Society |page=37|isbn= }}</ref>
| image = হাট্টিমাটিম_টিম.jpg
| caption = Page number 37 of the 13th edition of the book “Khukumanir Chhara” published by the City Book Society in 1899.
| image_size =
| publisher =
| subtitle =
| series =
| translator =
| first =
| cover_artist =
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| subject =
| genre =
| form = [[Nursery rhyme]]
| meter =
| rhyme =
| lines = 4
}}

'''Hattimatim tim''' ({{Langx|bn|হাট্টিমাটিম টিম}}) is a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] [[Folklore|folk]] [[nursery rhyme]]. The poem describes the titular hattimatim tim, a peculiar group of animals that lay eggs in fields, and have two horns on their heads.<ref name="আমার বাংলা বই - প্রথম শ্রেণী">{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=http://www.nctb.gov.bd/site/page/56324be4-3c4b-46fe-aab9-d552a5b9eb8b/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%AE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF- |title=আমার বাংলা বই (শিক্ষক সংষ্করণ) - প্রথম শ্রেণী |date=2020 |publisher=জাতীয় শিক্ষাক্রম ও পাঠ্যপুস্তক বোর্ড (এনসিটিবি) |isbn= |location=বাংলাদেশ |page= |author-link=}}</ref>

{{Culture of Bengal}}

== Content ==

=== Bengali ===
{{Poem quote|text=হাট্টিমা টিম্ টিম্
তারা মাঠে পাড়ে ডিম্!
তাদের খাড়া দুটো শিং,
তারা হাট্টিমা টিম্ টিম্।}}

=== Transliteration ===
{{Poem quote|text=Hattimatim tim
Tara mathe pare dim
Tader khara duto shing
Tara Hattimatim tim}}

=== English ===
{{Poem quote|text=Hattimatim tim
They lay eggs on the field
They have two straight horns
They are Hattimatim tim}}

== History ==
Hattimatim Tim is a folk rhyme passed down from generation to generation. The writer is unknown.

"Hattimatim Tim" was first found In 1899 in Kolkata City Book Society’s "Khukumanir Chhara" book 13th edition, page 37. The book is a collection of folk poems and rhymes compiled by [[Jogindranath Sarkar]].

In 1950, Shishu Shahito Shongshad, a publishing house in Kolkata, published a rhyming book containing colorful pictures for children called 'Chharar Chhobi'. This book contained four lined rhymes about the fictional animal called 'Hattima Tim Tim'.

It was again featured in 1952 in [[Narayan Gangopadhyay]]’s book “Chhotoder Shreshtho golpo” in a short story titled “Durshorsho motorcycle”.

The rhymes of the book were compiled by Shri Mohendronath Dutto. After the publication of the book, the fictional animal Hattima Tim Tim became very popular among Bengali children. In 1974, The Gramophone Company of India (now [[Saregama]]) turned the six rhymes into a song.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2022 |title=The Gramophone Company of India Listing |url=https://discog.piezoelektric.org/hmvindia/index.php?prefix=S-7%207LPE}}</ref> (Record number: 7LPE 110). It was sung by [[Alpana Banerjee|Shrimiti Alpona Bondopadhyay]] and directed by [[Nachiketa Ghosh|Nachikheta Ghosh]], though [[Saregama]]'s YouTube video mentions the name of [[Annada Shankar Ray|Onnodashonkar Roy]] as the lyricist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 3, 2014 |title=Chhotto Pakhi Chandana By Alpana Banerjee |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWh_NkeDbgo |access-date=8 April 2022 |website=[[ইউটিউব]]}}</ref> In an interview, Roy said:

{{Blockquote|text=My favourite rhymes were ‘Agdum Pagdum Ghoradum Shaje,’ ‘Khoka Ghumalo Para Juralo,’ ‘Hattimatim tim,’ Etc. Authentic folk culture, which spreads by word of mouth, and is passed down through generations. On the one hand this is humorous or non sense on the other. All these folk songs contain many years of experience, folk wisdom.}}

From this it becomes clear that Roy did not write the lyrics.

Again, Onnodashonkar used the two lines 'Hattimatim tim, ora mathe pare dim' - in his rhyme titled 'Jolsha' (in this rhyme he also used the two lines 'Humpty, Dumpty sat on a wall' from an English rhyme).[https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=O1SJBufRQDM]

== Attempt to investigate ==
'''Although the original poem consists of four lines, the poet of it is unknown.'''

From the 52-line poem written by expatriate Nadia Zaman, it can be seen that when a person named Tattu goes to the market, he receives an egg for free. He believed that perhaps a creature might emerge from the egg that could do all tasks. As a result, many people who believe in fantasy think that this creature might be some alien. Some even imagine it as a dinosaur. Additionally, there are many such stories in Chinese mythology that discuss eggs and giants. For example, from the story of the mythical Chinese giant Pangu, it is known that the universe was created from a giant that emerged from an egg. Some believe that perhaps this rhyme is related to a similar Chinese tale. It is also possible that this four-line poem reflects the traditional beliefs of rural Bengali people about ghosts or giants. All these ideas are purely imaginary and speculative. There is no certainty about how this four-line poem came into being or whether Nadia Zaman actually intended to convey all these ideas.

== Controversy ==
In late 2018, a post went viral on Facebook claiming [[Rokanuzzaman Khan|Roknuzzaman Khan Dadabhai]] was the author of 'Hattima Tim Tim' and that the original rhyme was 52 lines.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 March 2018 |title='হাট্টিমাটিম' আসলে ৫২ লাইনের একটি ছড়া, সঙ্গে রইল লেখক পরিচিতি |work=এবেলা |url=https://ebela.in/hattimatim-tim-is-not-a-4-line-rhyme-dgtl-1.774523 |url-status=dead |access-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018063600/https://ebela.in/hattimatim-tim-is-not-a-4-line-rhyme-dgtl-1.774523 |archive-date=18 October 2020}}</ref> The main reason for this confusion is a book of rhymes written by Roknuzzaman Khan called 'Hattima Tim' that contained a rhyme called 'Hattima Tim' which has no similarity to the original 'Hattima Tim Tim'. This book was published in 1962 by Kakali Prakashani.<ref name="হাট্ টিমা টিম">{{cite book |last=Khan |first=Rokanuzzaman |url= |script-title=bn:হাট্ টিমা টিম |date=1962 |publisher=Kakoli Prokashoni |page= |author-link=}}</ref> The cover artist was [[Hashem Khan (artist)|Hashem Khan]]. A second edition was published by Muktdhara in 1975 and a third edition by BRAC in 1997 with multicolored covers and decorations; these two versions also have art by Hashem Khan.<ref name="রোকনুজ্জামান খান দাদাভাই">{{cite book |last=জয়েনউদ্দীন |first=খালেক বিন |url= |title=রোকনুজ্জামান খান দাদাভাই |date= |publisher=[[Bangla Academy]] |isbn= |page=58 |author-link=}}</ref>

The original author of the 52 lines was Nadia Zaman, a [[Bangladeshi diaspora|Bangladeshi expatriate]] living in the [[United Kingdom|UK]], who in 2012, published it on a blog. She wrote 48 lines herself and then added the last 4 lines from 'Hattima Tim Tim'.<ref>{{citation |last=জামান |first=নাদিয়া |title=হাট্টিমাটিম গল্প }}</ref>

== Bibliography ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Traditional children's songs]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi poems]]
[[Category:Poems in Bengali]]

Rakesh Kapoor (general)

2025-12-02T13:47:55Z

LiveHi:

{{Short description|Indian Army officer}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix = [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| name = Rakesh Kapoor
| honorific_suffix = [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]
| image = File:Lt Gen Rakesh Kapoor.jpg
| caption = Lt. Gen. Rakesh Kapoor as DCOAS
| allegiance = {{flag|India}}
| branch = {{army|India}}
| serviceyears = 19 December 1987 – 30 November 2025
| rank = [[File:Lieutenant General of the Indian Army.svg|20px]] [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]]
| servicenumber = IC-47076L
| unit = [[63rd Cavalry (India)|63rd Cavalry]]
| commands = [[XII Corps (India)|XII Corps]]
| battles =
| battles_label =
| awards = [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
}}

[[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] '''Rakesh Kapoor''', [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal|AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] is a retired officer in the [[Indian Army]]. He last served as the [[Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (Information Systems & Training)]] and Colonel Commandant of the [[Defence Security Corps]].

==Biography and early life==
Kapoor is a distinguished graduate of [[St. Stephen's College, Delhi|St. Stephen's College]], [[Delhi University]]. He is an alumnus of the [[Defence Services Staff College]], Wellington; [[College of Defence Management|Higher Defence Management College]], Secunderabad; and the [[United States Army War College|U.S. Army War College]], Pennsylvania. He holds advanced degrees including an M.Phil. in Strategy and Security Studies from the [[University of Madras]], a Master's in Strategic Studies from the [[University of Pennsylvania]], and a Master's in Management Studies from [[Osmania University]].<ref name="asci">{{cite web|url=https://asci.org.in/atma-nirbharta/lieutenant-general-rakesh-kapoor.html|title=Lieutenant General Rakesh Kapoor - Speaker Details|publisher=Administrative Staff College of India|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref>

==Military career==
Kapoor was commissioned into the elite [[63rd Cavalry (India)|63 Cavalry]], an armoured regiment of the [[Indian Army]], in December 1987.<ref name="asci" /><ref name="pib_awards">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1999669|title=75th Republic Day: President Approves Gallantry Awards to 80 Armed Forces Personnel|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=25 January 2024|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref> He has over 37 years of service, with experience in diverse terrains including the [[Rann of Kutch]] and super high-altitude regions of the [[Eastern Command (India)|Eastern Sector]].<ref name="asci" />

During his career, he has held various key command and staff appointments. He served as Advisor to the [[Botswana Defence Force]], where he was instrumental in raising an Armoured Brigade and formulating doctrines for mechanized operations.<ref name="asci" /> He also represented India as part of the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]]’s Military Experts Working Group.<ref name="asci" />

He was promoted to [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] and took over as the [[General Officer Commanding]] of the prestigious [[XII Corps (India)|Desert Corps]] on 7 March 2022, succeeding Lt Gen P S Minhas.<ref name="defencewatch">{{cite web|url=https://www.defencewatch.in/defence-appointments/lt-gen-rakesh-kapoor-takes-charge-as-commander-of-desert-corps|title=Lt General Rakesh Kapoor takes charge as Commander of Desert Corps|publisher=Defence Watch|date=7 March 2022|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref>,. He oversaw the "Suraksha Manthan 2022" on border and coastal security on 1 July 2022.<ref name="pib_suraksha">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1838680|title=Indian Army Organises “Suraksha Manthan” on Border and Coastal Security|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=1 July 2022|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa-India Joint Exercise AFINDEX Commences at Pune |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1909072}}</ref>

On 9 June 2023, he assumed the appointment of [[Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (Information Systems & Coordination)]], succeeding Lt Gen M V Suchindra Kumar.<ref name="spslandforces">{{cite web|url=https://www.spslandforces.com/appointments/?id=50&h=Lt-General-Rakesh-Kapoor-assumed-the-appointment-of-the-Deputy-Chief-of-the-Army-Staff-DCOAS-IS-C|title=Lt General Rakesh Kapoor assumed the appointment of the Deputy Chief of the Army Staff, DCOAS (IS & C)|publisher=SP's Land Forces|date=9 June 2023|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref> The position was later redesignated as Deputy Chief of the Army Staff (Information Systems & Training).<ref name="pib_unpeace">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2022052|title=Indian Army Commemorates 76th International Day of UN Peacekeepers|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=29 May 2024|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref name="pib_women">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2105783|title=Centre for UN Peacekeeping Hosts 'Conference on Women Peacekeepers'|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=24 February 2025|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref><ref name="pib_conclave">{{cite web|url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2173675|title=Indian Army to Host United Nations Troop Contributing Countries Chiefs Conclave|publisher=Press Information Bureau|date=1 October 2025|access-date=October 11, 2025}}</ref> He is also the Colonel Commandant of the [[Defence Security Corps]].<ref name="mod_facebook">{{cite web |date= |title=Defence Security Corps |url=https://www.facebook.com/DefenceMinIndia/videos/defence-security-corps-78th-raising-day-lieutenant-general-rakesh-kapoor-colonel/953736486735935/ |access-date=October 11, 2025 |publisher=Ministry of Defence, India}}</ref>

==Awards and decorations==
Kapoor's awards and decorations include:
* [[Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]] (2024)<ref name="pib_awards" />
* [[Vishisht Seva Medal]]
* [[Chief of the Army Staff (India)|Chief of Army Staff Commendation Card]]<ref name="asci" />
* [[Strategic Forces Command]] Commendation Card<ref name="asci" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Rakesh}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian lieutenant generals]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal]]
[[Category:St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:Defence Services Staff College alumni]]
[[Category:College of Defence Management alumni]]
[[Category:United States Army War College alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:Osmania University alumni]]

2003 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open – Doubles

2025-11-27T22:57:21Z

LiveHi: Added new pg...

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Tennis events|2003|AP Tourism Hyderabad Open|s
| defchamp =
| champ = {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Elena Likhovtseva]] {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Iroda Tulyaganova]]
| runner = {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Eugenia Kulikovskaya]] {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Tatiana Poutchek]]
| score = 6–4, 6–4
| draw = 16
| seeds = 4
| edition = 1st
| type = singles doubles
}}
{{main article|2003 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open}}
This was the first edition of the tournament.

[[Elena Likhovtseva]] and [[Iroda Tulyaganova]] won in the final, defeating [[Eugenia Kulikovskaya]] and [[Tatiana Poutchek]] 6–4, 6–4.

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Elena Likhovtseva]]''' / {{flagicon|UZB}} '''[[Iroda Tulyaganova]] (champions)'''
# {{flagicon|INA}} [[Wynne Prakusya]] / {{flagicon|INA}} [[Angelique Widjaja]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Eugenia Kulikovskaya]] / {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Tatiana Poutchek]] ''(final)''
# {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Jelena Kostanić]] / {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Katalin Marosi]] ''(semifinals)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Main===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Quarterfinals
| RD3=Semifinals
| RD4=Final
| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Elena Likhovtseva|E Likhovtseva]] {{flagicon|UZB}} [[Iroda Tulyaganova|I Tulyaganova]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''77'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3= 
| RD1-seed02=Q
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|JPN}} [[Akiko Morigami|A Morigami]] {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Saori Obata|S Obata]]
| RD1-score02-1=63
| RD1-score02-2=3
| RD1-score02-3= 
| RD1-seed03=WC
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sania Mirza|S Mirza]] {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Mary Pierce|M Pierce]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''6'''
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3= 
| RD1-seed04=WC
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|IND}} [[Rushmi Chakravarthi|R Chakravarthi]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Sai Jayalakshmy Jayaram|SJ Jayaram]]
| RD1-score04-1=1
| RD1-score04-2=4
| RD1-score04-3= 
| RD1-seed05=4
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Jelena Kostanić|J Kostanić]] {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Katalin Marosi|K Marosi]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3= 
| RD1-seed06= 
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|CHN}} [[Yan Zi (tennis)|Z Yan]] {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Zheng Jie|J Zheng]]
| RD1-score06-1=2
| RD1-score06-2=2
| RD1-score06-3= 
| RD1-seed07= 
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|ARG}} [[Clarisa Fernández|C Fernández]] {{flagicon|VEN}} [[María Vento-Kabchi|M Vento-Kabchi]]
| RD1-score07-1='''6'''
| RD1-score07-2=3
| RD1-score07-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed08= 
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Flavia Pennetta|F Pennetta]] {{flagicon|ROU}} [[Andreea Vanc|A Vanc]]'''
| RD1-score08-1=1
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=1
| RD1-seed09=
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|RSA}} [[Kim Grant (tennis)|K Grant]] {{flagicon|IND}} [[Manisha Malhotra|M Malhotra]]
| RD1-score09-1=63
| RD1-score09-2=4
| RD1-score09-3= 
| RD1-seed10= 
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|UKR}} [[Yuliya Beygelzimer|Y Beygelzimer]] {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anastasia Rodionova|A Rodionova]]'''
| RD1-score10-1='''77'''
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3= 
| RD1-seed11= 
| RD1-team11={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Silvija Talaja|S Talaja]] {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Renata Voráčová|R Voráčová]]
| RD1-score11-1=4
| RD1-score11-2=3
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}}

==External links==
* [https://wtafiles.blob.core.windows.net/pdf/draws/archive/2003/1015.pdf WTA tournament draws]
* [https://www.itftennis.com/en/tournament/hyderabad/ind/2003/w-t4-ind-01a-2003/draws-and-results/ ITF tournament draws]

{{2003 WTA Tour}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2003 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open - Doubles}}
[[Category:2003 WTA Tour]]
[[Category:Bangalore Open]]

Jitender Singh Tomar

2025-09-30T08:22:35Z

LiveHi:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Jitender Singh Tomar
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| constituency = [[Tri Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tri Nagar]]
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]]
| term_start = 14 February 2015
| term_end = 11 February 2020
| predecessor = [[Nand Kishore Garg]]
| successor = [[Preeti Tomar]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1966|04|12}}
| birth_place = Fatehpur (V), [[Etah district]], U.P.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| birthname =
| parents =
| nationality = Indian
| party = [[Aam Aadmi Party]]
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]]
| spouse =
| partner = 
| relations =
| children = 1 son 1 daughter
| residence = New Delhi
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession = Politician
| cabinet =
| committees =
| portfolio =
| religion =
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| footnotes =
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| blank2 =
| data2 =
}}
'''Jitender Singh Tomar''' is an Indian politician and former cabinet minister of Home, law and justice in the Government of NCT of Delhi headed by former Chief Minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] from which he was resigned after a Fake Degree case against him. He is a member of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) and represented [[Tri Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tri Nagar]] in the [[Sixth Legislative Assembly of Delhi]].

In 2020, day before he was about to file his nomination from TriNagar for 2020 Delhi Assembly Elections, High Court gave a ruling against him where he was found guilty of Fake Degree<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/BIH-PAT-HMU-former-delhi-minister-jitendra-singh-tomar-fake-degree-case-news-hindi-5483240-PHO.html|title= फर्जी डिग्री केस : यहां पहुंची दिल्ली पुलिस, 19 अफसरों, कर्मचारियों पर चार्जशीट|website= Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi |access-date=2016-05-07}}</ref> in his 2015 nomination. As a result his election was canceled and he instead made his wife contest on behalf of him.

 

==Early life and education==
Jitender Singh Tomar was born in the village of Fatehpur, [[Etah district]], Uttar Pradesh, on 12 April 1966.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DoIT/delhi+govt/ministers/jitender_singh_toma |publisher=Government of Delhi |title=Shri Jitender Singh Tomar |accessdate=11 June 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418084825/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/DoIT/delhi%2Bgovt/ministers/jitender_singh_toma |archivedate=18 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

At the time of filing his 2015 election affidavit, Tomar claimed that in 1999 he obtained a [[LLB|LL.B.]] degree from Bishwanath Singh Institute of Legal Studies, [[Munger]], affiliated to [[Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University]], Bihar, which is now disputed. He was enrolled with the [[Bar Council of Delhi]] (BCD) and was self-employed.<ref name="aff">{{cite web|url=http://docs2.myneta.info/affidavits/ews3delhi2015/97/U05_AC16_1_JITENDER%20SINGH%20TOMAR.pdf|title=Jitender Singh Tomar Affidavit|website=myneta.info/|accessdate=17 February 2015|archive-date=17 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217141743/http://docs2.myneta.info/affidavits/ews3delhi2015/97/U05_AC16_1_JITENDER%20SINGH%20TOMAR.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="TOi"/>

==Political career==
Tomar was associated with the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC). In 2013, he joined the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) and as its candidate contested the [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]s from the [[Tri Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tri Nagar constituency]]. He lost by 2809 votes to [[Nand Kishore Garg]] of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP).<ref name="DNA">{{cite news |url=http://www.iamin.in/en/chandni-chowk/news/those-who-left-aap-and-joined-bjp-are-opportunists-jitender-singh-tomar-51103 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215202216/http://www.iamin.in/en/chandni-chowk/news/those-who-left-aap-and-joined-bjp-are-opportunists-jitender-singh-tomar-51103 |url-status=unfit |archive-date=15 February 2015 |title=Those who left AAP and joined BJP are opportunists: Jitender Singh Tomar |work=DNA |date=27 January 2015 |accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]]s, Tomar again stood as an AAP candidate and beat Garg by 22,311 votes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm|title=Constituency-wise Results |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210143352/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ConstituencywiseU0567.htm?ac=1 |archivedate=10 February 2015 }}</ref> On 14 February 2015, Tomar was sworn as a cabinet minister in the [[Government of Delhi]] under chief minister Arvind Kejriwal. He was given responsibility for the Home, Law and Justice, and Tourism, Art and Culture portfolios.<ref name="PTI">{{cite news |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/Jitender-singh-tomar-a-lawyer-with-congress-background-gets-crucial-home-law-departments-in-aap-ki-sarkar/528463-37.html |title=Jitender Singh Tomar: A lawyer with Congress background gets crucial home, law departments in 'AAP' Ki Sarkar |work=CNN-IBN |date=14 February 2015 |agency=Press Trust of India |accessdate=17 February 2015}}{{dead link|date=April 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

The Home Ministry role was taken away from Tomar in April 2015 during a period of considerable party infighting<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/delhi/jitender-singh-tomar-removed-home-minister-956 |title=Jitender Singh Tomar removed as home minister |last=Zargar |first=Harish |date=11 April 2015 |work=Asian Age |access-date=9 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610131402/http://www.asianage.com/delhi/jitender-singh-tomar-removed-home-minister-956 |archivedate=10 June 2015 }}</ref> and on 9 June 2015 he resigned from his position as Law Minister after being arrested in relation to allegations that he had misrepresented his qualifications.<ref name="ibn20150609">{{cite news |url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/politics/aap-leader-jitender-singh-tomar-resigns-as-delhi-law-minister-1004082.html |title=AAP leader Jitender Singh Tomar resigns as Delhi Law Minister |date=9 June 2015 |work=IBN Live |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref>

==Fake degree row==
In February 2015, prior to the declaration of the election results, a petition was filed in the [[Delhi High Court]] challenging Tomar's declared university degrees. This was based on an [[Right to Information Act|RTI]] enquiry to which [[Avadh University]] had responded by saying that it had not awarded him a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree. It was on the basis of that degree that Tomar had enrolled for his law degree course, and thus his law degree and enrolment with the Bar was invalid. The court requested more information from the concerned organisations,<ref>{{cite news |title=Row over degree: HC notice to AAP candidate, ECI and BCI |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/delhi/row-over-degree-hc-notice-to-aap-candidate-eci-and-bci_1542127.html |date=6 February 2015 |work=Zee News |agency=Press Trust of India |accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> while Tomar now insisted that he holds a valid law degree from the [[Chaudhary Charan Singh University]].<ref name="TOi">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/HC-notice-to-AAP-MLA-facing-fake-degree-charge/articleshow/46239240.cms |title=HC notice to AAP MLA facing fake degree charge |work=The Times of India |date=14 February 2015 |accessdate=17 February 2015}}</ref>

In March 2015, the Delhi High Court refused to disallow the petition against Tomar, expressing surprise that the filer had requested its withdrawal. The petitioner had argued that, upon reflection, the BCD could deal with the matter without recourse to the court system.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/row-over-degree-hc-disallows-withdrawal-of-plea-against-jitender-singh-tomar/articleshow/46552117.cms |title=Row over degree: HC disallows withdrawal of plea against Jitender Singh Tomar |work=The Economic Times |agency=Press Trust of India |date=13 March 2015 |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref> Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University told the court that it had no record of awarding Tomar a law degree.<ref name="hindu20150428" /> The [[Chief Minister of Delhi]], Kejriwal, defended Tomar over the matter and called for a "public trial" of the media, claiming it was biased against his party.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/arvind-kejriwal-defends-minister-over-fake-degree-row-seeks-public-trial-of-media-houses-760215 |title=Arvind Kejriwal Defends Minister Over Fake Degree Row, Seeks 'Public Trial' of Media Houses |date=3 May 2015 |publisher=NDTV |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref>

The BCD requested that Tomar produce verification of his qualifications and in May, when it determined that these were not forthcoming in a timely manner, it took a "prima facie" view that he had sought enrolment as a lawyer on basis of "forged documentation and false representation". They filed a complaint with Delhi police seeking a "detailed investigation" on the allegations and registration of a criminal case if needed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bar Council holds Jitender Singh Tomar guilty of using fake papers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Bar-Council-holds-Jitender-Singh-Tomar-guilty-of-using-fake-papers/articleshow/47256511.cms |date=13 May 2015 |work=The Times of India |accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref>

On 27 May 2015, BNS Institute of Legal Studies, Munger, which was the college affiliated to Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University where the Tomar claimed to have studied LLB, told the court that Tomar was a "bona fide student".<ref>{{cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/fake-degree-row-tomar-was-a-bonafide-student-university/ |title='Fake' degree row – Tomar was a bona fide student: University |date=28 May 2015 |work=The Indian Express |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref> The University had already told the court in April that the Institute had been dis-affiliated in 1990.<ref name="hindu20150428">{{cite news |work=The Hindu |date=28 April 2015 |title=AAP Law Minister Tomar's law degree fabricated, High Court told |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/aap-law-minister-tomars-law-degree-fabricated-high-court-told/article7150541.ece |accessdate=11 June 2015}}</ref>

The police went to Bhagalpur University, where they determined Tomar's law degree to be fraudulent.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://allindiaroundup.com/news/delhi-law-minister-arrested/ |title=Delhi Law Minister Jitender Singh Tomar Arrested Over 'Fake' Law Degree. AAP, BJP In An Open War |date=9 June 2015 |accessdate=11 June 2015 |work=All-India Roundup}}</ref> He was arrested on 9 June 2015 and remanded in police custody for four days. His license to practise at the Bar was suspended and he resigned as Law Minister on the same day.<ref name="ibn20150609" />

During investigations, Tomar reportedly told police that his brother helped him obtain the fake degree. Police might ask Tomar's brother to join investigation since they suspect an interstate fake-degree racket. On 15 June 2015, Tomar's police custody was extended by a magisterial court. Tomar withdrew his bail plea on the following day.<ref name="Tomar's brother a suspect">{{cite news|title=Tomar's brother a suspect|work=[[The Times of India]]|accessdate=1 June 2015|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Jitender-Singh-Tomars-brother-a-suspect-asked-to-join-degree-probe/articleshow/47698033.cms}}</ref> The case was being heard by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2017,<ref>{{cite news |title=Delhi ex-minister appears in court in fake degree case |agency=Indo-Asian News Service |date=19 April 2017 |work=The Statesman |accessdate=20 January 2019 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/delhi-ex-minister-appears-in-court-in-fake-degree-case-1492600334.html}}</ref> shortly after Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University cancelled his "degree".<ref>{{cite news |work=Hindustan Times |title=Bihar university cancels AAP MLA Jitender Singh Tomar's law degree |date=20 March 2017 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/bihar-university-cancels-aap-mla-jitender-singh-tomar-s-law-degree/story-ciAxabPJKqYWAmXyOcVysN.html |accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tomar, Jitender Singh}}
[[Category:Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:Indian prisoners and detainees]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Delhi]]
[[Category:People from Etah district]]
[[Category:Forgery controversies]]
[[Category:Inmates of Tihar Jail]]
[[Category:People who fabricated academic degrees]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University alumni]]

Perumpillichira

2025-09-20T20:26:10Z

LiveHi: Put up new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=September 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Perumpillichira
| national_name_lang =
| settlement_type = [[Grama Panchayat]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Kerala#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|9.9000|N|76.7170|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Idukki district|Idukki]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Panchayati Raj]]
| governing_body = Panchayat Samithi
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 22
| population_total = 1500
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]], [[Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 685605
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +914862
| registration_plate = KL-38
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Perumpillichira''' is a small village that comes under the [[Panchayati raj in India|Panchayat]] of Kumaramangalam in [[Idukki]] district in the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. The name ‘Perumpillichira’ comes from the name of a large water reservoir adjacent to a [[Hindu]] temple at the heart of the village. This temple is the center point of the village. Water from Perumpillichira reservoir flows to nearby paddy field throughout the year except in peak summer and it finally reaches the [[Thodupuzha]] river. This place is 70 km away from the largest city [[Kochi|Cochin]] in the state of Kerala.

Most of the villagers are involved in agriculture. The main crops are rice, coconut, natural rubber, coco, bananas, tapioca, ginger, and turmeric. Villagers raise cattle, goats, chickens and ducks as well.

== Educational Institutions==
* Al Azhar Public School
* Al Azhar Arts and Science College
* Al Azhar B-Ed College
* Al Azhar T T C
* Al Azhar Poly Technic College
*Al-Azhar College of Engineering & Technology
*Al Azhar Law College
* Al Azhar Paramedical Institution
* Al Azhar Dental College
* St. Joseph's Upper Primary School
*Sandeepani Lower Primary School
* Akshaya e Centre

==Places of Worship==
*Puthanpally Juma Masjid
*Perumpillichira Hindu Temple
*Perumpillichira Muhyideen Juma Masjid
*St Joseph's Church

== Nature ==

On a walk along the water stream from Perumpillichira reservoir down towards [[Thodupuzha]] river,
one will encounter numerous birds like [[white-breasted waterhen]] (kula kozhi), [[indian cormorant]] (kakkattaravu), [[Indian pond heron]] (kula kokku), [[little egret]] (chinnamunti), eastern [[grey heron]] (charamunti), [[night heron]] (pathira kokku), and Travancore pied [[kingfisher]] (pulli ponman).

The paddy field is home to a vast variety of fish species such as [[walking catfish]] (muzhi), banded [[snakehead fish]] (varaal), stinging [[catfish]] (kaari), [[yellow catfish]] (manjakoori), [[wallago attu]] (valah), [[giant danio]] (paral), peninsular olive barb or [[systomus sarana]] (kuruva), [[tank goby]] (poolon), [[tire track eel]] (mananju), and fresh water [[lobster]] (konju).

In addition to birds and fish, [[asian palm civet]] (marapatty), also called toddy cat, wild [[rabbit]] (kattu muyal), fresh water [[tortoise]] (aama) and [[mongoose]] (keeri) also find a home here.

==References==
MJM Cultural Centre
Perumpillichira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yellowpages.sulekha.com/idukki_perumpillichira_area_pin-code.htm |title=Perumpillichira Pincode|Pin Code Perumpillichira|Perumpillichira Postal Code Idukki|Perumpillichira Zip Code Idukki |publisher=Yellowpages.sulekha.com |date= |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>
Perumpillichira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/blogareas.aspx?st=S11&ac=90 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922230204/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/blogareas.aspx?st=S11&ac=90 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=22 September 2013 |title=Making democracy meaningful, Know our Representative & Candidate |publisher=Empowering India |date= |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>
Perumpillichira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.veethi.com/perumpillichira/PL72342 |title=Perumpillichira | All about Perumpillichira |publisher=Veethi |date= |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>
Perumpillichira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pincode.net.in/KERALA/IDUKKI/P/PERUMPILLICHIRA |title=PERUMPILLICHIRA, IDUKKI, KERALA, India, Pincode.net.in |publisher=Pin Code |date= |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>
Al-Azhar College of Engineering & Technology.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alazharthodupuzha.org/location.htm |title=Alazhar Group |publisher=Alazharthodupuzha.org |date= |accessdate=2013-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922182502/http://www.alazharthodupuzha.org/location.htm |archive-date=22 September 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
Thodupuzha.{{cn|date=July 2023}}
Thodupuzha river.
St Joseph's School Perumpillichira.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/StJosephsUpSchoolPerumpillichira |title=St Joseph's UP School Perumpillichira |publisher=Facebook |date=2013-08-18 |accessdate=2013-09-21}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}
{{Idukki district}}

[[Category:Villages in Idukki district]]

Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam

2025-08-24T23:55:37Z

LiveHi: Added article...

{{Short description|Roman Catholic archdiocese in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{one source|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Metropolitan Archdiocese
|name = Visakhapatnam
|latin = Archidioecesis Metropolitae Visakhapatnamensis
|local = విశాఖపట్నం మెట్రోపాలిటన్ ఆర్చ్ డియోసెస్
|country = [[India]]
|province = Visakhapatnam
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = St Peter’s Cathedral in [[Visakhapatnam]]
|cocathedral = St Anne’s Co-Cathedral in [[Visakhapatnam]]
|area_km2 = 25,950
|population = 12,640,684
|population_as_of = 2010
|catholics = 247,231
|catholics_percent= 2
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|metro_archbishop = ''[[Udumala Bala Showreddy]]''<ref>https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2025/02/08/250208b.html/</ref><ref>https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2025/02/08/0119/00245.html/</ref>
|emeritus_bishops =[[Prakash Mallavarapu]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|denomination=}}

The '''Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam''' ({{langx|la|Archdioecesis Metropolitae Visakhapatnamensis}}) is an [[archdiocese]] located in the city of [[Visakhapatnam]] in India.

==History==
* 16 March 1845: Established as the Apostolic Pro-Vicariate of Vizagapatam from the [[Apostolic Vicariate of Madras]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archdioceseofvisakhapatnam.org/history.html|title=History | Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam}}</ref>
* 3 April 1850: Promoted as [[Apostolic Vicariate]] of Vizagapatam
* 1 September 1886: Promoted as Diocese of Vizagapatam
* 21 October 1950: Renamed as Diocese of Visakhapatnam
* 16 October 2001: Promoted as Metropolitan Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam

Claretian Missionary Fathers (CMF) entered the diocese in the year 1888. In 1845, Rome entrusted a vast area of Eastern and Central India to the MSFS, who set their headquarters in Visakhapatnam. The first group of MSFS landed on the East coast of India on 8 September 1845. The order of Friars Minor Capuchins. A novitiate was opened in India in 1922 thus planting the order in the Indian soil.

==Bishops==
=== Pro-Vicars Apostolic ===

# Fr. Jacques Henri Gailhot, (16 March 1845 – 1847)
# Fr. Theophile Sebastian Neyret, M.S.F.S. (1847–1850); continued as Vicar Apostolic

=== Vicars Apostolic ===

# Bishop Theophile Sebastian Neyret, M.S.F.S. (1850–1862)
# Bishop Jean Marie Tissot, M.S.F.S. (1862–1886); continued as the first bishop

=== Bishops of Visakhapatnam (Vizagapatam until 1950) ===

# Bishop Jean Marie Tissot, M.S.F.S. (1886–1890)
# Bishop Jean-Marie Clerc, M.S.F.S. (1891–1926)
# Bishop Pierre Rossillon, M.S.F.S. (1926–1947)
# Bishop Joseph-Alphonse Baud, M.S.F.S. (1947–1966)
# Bishop Ignatius Gopu, M.S.F.S. (1966–1981)
# Bishop [[Mariadas Kagithapu|Kagithapu Mariadas]], M.S.F.S. (1982–2001); continued as Archbishop

=== Metropolitan Archbishops of Visakhapatnam ===

# Archbishop [[Mariadas Kagithapu|Kagithapu Mariadas]], M.S.F.S. (2001–2012)
# Archbishop [[Mallavarapu Prakash|Prakash Mallavarapu]] (2012–2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resignations and Appointments |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2024/02/17/240217c.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=press.vatican.va}}</ref>
# Archbishop [[Udumala Bala Showreddy]] (2025-Present)<ref>https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2025/02/08/250208b.html/</ref>

==Suffragan dioceses==
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Eluru|Eluru]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Guntur|Guntur]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nellore|Nellore]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Srikakulam|Srikakulam]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Vijayawada|Vijayawada]]

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==Sources==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/visa0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvisa.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.archdioceseofvisakhapatnam.org/index.html Official Website of the Archdiocese of Visakhapatnam]

{{coord|17.7193|N|83.2846|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Visakhapatnam}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1850]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century]]
[[Category:Christianity in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:1850 establishments in India]]

MSTC Limited

2025-07-20T00:49:17Z

LiveHi: refine structure and cleaned formatting

{{short description|Indian e-commerce company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = '''MSTC Limited'''
| image_caption = MSTC Ltd Headquarters in Kolkata
| native_name = '''MSTC Limited'''
| native_name_lang = hi
| logo = Mstc logo big.png
| image = MSTC HQ NewTown Kolkata.jpg
| type = [[Public sector undertakings in India|Central Public Sector Undertakings]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|542597}} {{NSE|MSTCLTD}}
| key_people = Manobendra Ghoshal {{small|(Chairman & Managing Director)}}
| industry = E-commerce
| products = E-auction, e-procurement, e-sales, retail software
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{INRConvert|879.16|c}} (2022)<ref name=2022FY>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-23 |title=MSTC Ltd consolidated Q4 FY2023 PAT increases QoQ to Rs. 76.95 crores |url=https://www.equitybulls.com/category.php?id=332669 |access-date=2023-06-09 |website=EquityBulls}}</ref>
| foundation = {{Start date|1964|09|09|df=y}}
| location = Kolkata
| net_income = {{increase}} {{INRConvert|199.09|c}} (2022)<ref name=2022FY/>
| owner = [[Ministry of Steel]], [[Government of India]]
| parent =
| homepage = [http://www.mstcindia.co.in/index.html www.mstcindia.co.in]
}}

'''MSTC Limited''' (formerly known as Metal Scrap Trade Corporation Limited) is a [[Public sector undertakings in India|central public sector undertakings]] under the [[Ministry of Steel]], [[Government of India]]. It is involved in diversified e-commerce services. Its corporate office is in [[Kolkata]], [[West Bengal]] with regional branch offices in various other cities. The company reported a net profit of INR 112.95 crore for the fiscal year 2020-21. Incorporated on 9 September 1964, MSTC has 344 employees (as on 31 March 2020).

MSTC renders service to various [[e-commerce]] sectors, including [[e-auction]], [[e-procurement]], high sea sales, e-sales, and retail software. MSTC had developed software to conduct an online draw for the new LPG distribution ship scheme, which was conducted by state-run oil marketing psu's all over India.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lpg-dealership-expansion-gains-pace-117122800030_1.html | title=LPG dealership expansion gains pace | date=28 December 2017 | newspaper=Business Standard | first=Shine | last=Jacob | access-date=30 May 2019|url-access=subscription}}</ref> MSTC as of 2018 was also in the process of developing an online portal for divestment of state-owned entities through an [[English auction]] system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/e-bidding-govt-to-explore-english-auction-system-for-disinvestment-118050700039_1.html|title=E-bidding: Govt to explore English auction system for disinvestment|first=Arindam|last=Majumder|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=7 May 2018|via=Business Standard|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

The PSU has its head office in Kolkata, West Bengal; four regional offices in Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, and Chennai; and branch offices in Chandigarh, Jaipur, Vadodara, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Guwahati, Bangalore, Lucknow, Ranchi, Raipur, Vizag, Trivandrum, Hyderabad, Patna, and Dehradun. FSNL (Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited) was a subsidiary of MSTC which was disinvested in 2025 to Konoike Transport Co. Ltd, a Japanese corporation for Rs. 320 crores.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fsnl.nic.in/about-us.php | title=FSNL - Ferro Scrap Nigam Ltd }}</ref>

== History ==
* 1964 - Incorporated as a regulatory body for the export of scrap.
* 1982 - Independent company under [[Ministry of Steel]].
* 2002 - Awarded Miniratna Category-II status.
* 2004 - Started auctioning of coal.
* 2005 - Awarded Miniratna Category-I status.
* 2007 - Started e-auction of manganese ore.
* 2011 - Started e-auction of iron ore in Karnataka and human hair.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/q-a-s-k-tripathi-cmd-mstc-111113000016_1.html|title=Q&A: S K Tripathi, CMD, MSTC|first=Shine|last=Jacob|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=30 November 2011|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
* 2012 - Started e-auction of chrome ore, baryte, raw pet coke.
* 2013 - Started e-auction of forest products.
* 2014 - Started e-auction of iron ore in Goa and red sanders wood in Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/stage-set-for-eauction-of-red-sanders/article6242256.ece|title=Stage set for e-auction of red sanders|first=Andhra Pradesh|last=Bureau|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 July 2014|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
* 2015 - E-auction of [[Coal mining in India|coal mine]] blocks<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/metals-mining/mstc-to-conduct-e-auction-of-coal-blocks-mjunction-cries-foul/articleshow/46036913.cms|title=MSTC to conduct E-auction of coal blocks, mjunction cries foul|first=Rakhi|last=Mazumdar|date=7 May 2018|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> and regassified LNG.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Industry/3Sc2Ol451XRGEi9qJsO5xO/Bidding-starts-for-imported-LNG-subsidy-16-power-companies.html|title=Bidding starts for imported LNG subsidy; 16 power companies in fray|last=PTI|work=mint |date=15 September 2015}}</ref>
* 2016 - Developed e-bidding platform under [[Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana|DDUGJY]] & IPDS, DEEP and allocation of marginal oil field.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/cabinet-awards-31-oil-blocks-to-22-firms-117021500790_1.html|title=Cabinet awards 31 oil blocks to 22 firms|first=Shine|last=Jacob|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=16 February 2017|via=Business Standard}}</ref>
* 2017 - Developed ERAKAM portal to provide e-auction platform to sell agricultural produce.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/agriculture/government-launches-e-rakam-portal-for-selling-agri-produce/articleshow/59868582.cms|title=Government launches e-RaKAM portal for selling agri produce|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>
* 2018 - Developed Online LPG Distributorship Draw Software for Oil Marketing Companies.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/lpg-dealership-expansion-gains-pace-117122800030_1.html|title=LPG dealership expansion gains pace|first=Shine|last=Jacob|newspaper=Business Standard India|date=28 December 2017|via=Business Standard}}</ref>

== Presence in India ==
MSTC is headquartered in [[New Town, Kolkata]].

MSTC have offices at 21 locations across India.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mstcindia.co.in/content/Contact.aspx|via=MSTC LTD |title=Contact Us | MSTC Limited }}</ref> There are four regional offices, 13 branch offices and 1 site office [[Patna]] ([[Bihar]]).
* Regional Offices: ERO at [[Kolkata]], WRO at [[Mumbai]], SRO at [[Chennai]] and NRO at [[New Delhi]].
* Branch offices: [[Ranchi]], [[Guwahati]], [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Lucknow]], [[Chandigarh]], [[Bhopal]], [[Raipur]], [[Jaipur]], [[Vadodara]], [[Bangalore]], [[Trivandrum]], [[Vizag]] and [[Hyderabad]].
* Site offices: [[Patna]] ([[Bihar]])

== Ownership ==
The company is under the administrative control of [[Ministry of Steel]], Govt. of India. Currently 64.75% share of the company is held by Govt. of India.

== CERO ==
CERO is a joint venture of MSTC Ltd. and [[Mahindra Group|Mahindra]] Accelo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CERO (Mahindra MSTC Recycling Pvt. Ltd.) is India's First Authorized Recycler of Vehicles |url=https://www.mahindra.com/news-room/press-release/cero-mahindra-mstc-recycling-pvt-ltd-is-indias-first-authorized-recycler-of-vehicles |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=www.mahindra.com}}</ref> This Joint Venture company has set up the first auto shredding plant in India for recycling end of life vehicles and other white goods by converting these into shredded scrap which is a vital raw material of secondary steel plants, located in [[Greater Noida]].

== Financials ==
MSTC reported total income of Rs 879.16 crores during the financial year ended March 31, 2023, as compared to Rs 1123.32 crores during the financial year ended March 31, 2022. The company has posted a net profit of Rs 241.9567 crores for the financial year ended March 31, 2023, as against a net profit of Rs 199.0958 crores for the financial year ended March 31, 2022.<ref name="2022FY" />

== Awards ==
* Kolkata Best Employer Brand Awards 2017 by Employer Branding Institute, India<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.employerbrandingawards.com/kolkata_bestemployer.html|title=Employer Branding Awards|website=employerbrandingawards.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.mstcindia.co.in/index.html MSTC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924183450/https://www.mstcindia.co.in/index.html |date=24 September 2019 }}
* [http://www.fsnl.co.in/ FSNL]
* [http://www.ddugjy.gov.in/portal/index.jsp DDUGJY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827134104/http://ddugjy.gov.in/portal/index.jsp |date=27 August 2019 }}
* [https://www.mstcecommerce.com/auctionhome/ppa/index.jsp DEEP]
* [http://www.cerorecycling.com/about_cero CERO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190428041729/https://cerorecycling.com/about_cero |date=28 April 2019 }}
* [https://www.mstcecommerce.com/auctionhome/erakam/index.jsp ERAKAM]

{{Public Sector Undertakings in India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:MSTC Limited}}
[[Category:Government-owned companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1964]]
[[Category:1964 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Companies based in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Basri Shah Mosque

2025-07-04T06:21:18Z

LiveHi: Added a data...

{{Short description|Sunni mosque in Kolkata, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox religious building
| name = Basri Shah Mosque
| native_name = বশরী শাহ মসজিদ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Bashiri Mosque 11.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
| alt =
| caption = The mosque, in 2015
| map_type = India Kolkata
| map_size = 250
| map_alt =
| map_relief = 1
| map_caption = Location of the mosque in [[Kolkata]]
| coordinates ={{coord|22.608470|N|88.369655|E|region:IN-KL_type:landmark|format=dms|display=title,inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = [[Sunni Islam]]
| locale =
| location = [[Kolkata]], [[Kolkata District]], [[West Bengal]]
| deity =
| rite =
| sect = [[Hanafi school]]
| tradition =
| festival = 
| country = [[India]]
| administration =
| consecration_year =
| organisational_status = [[Mosque]]
| functional_status = Active
| heritage_designation =
| ownership =
| governing_body = [[Sunni Waqf Board]]
| leadership =
| bhattaraka =
| patron =
| religious_features_label =
| religious_features =
| architect =
| architecture_type = {{nowrap|[[Mosque architecture]]}}
| architecture_style = {{ubl|[[Islamic architecture|Islamic]]|[[Indo-Islamic architecture|Murshidabadi]]}}
| founded_by = Jafir Ali
| creator =
| funded_by =
| general_contractor =
| established =
| groundbreaking =
| year_completed = {{AH|1219|link=yes}}
| construction_cost =
| date_demolished = 
| facade_direction = West
| capacity =
| length =
| width =
| width_nave =
| interior_area =
| height_max =
| dome_quantity = Three
| dome_height_outer =
| dome_height_inner =
| dome_dia_outer =
| dome_dia_inner =
| minaret_quantity = Four
| minaret_height =
| spire_quantity =
| spire_height =
| site_area =
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity =
| shrine_quantity = One {{small|(Basri Shah)}}
| inscriptions =
| materials =
| elevation_m = 
| elevation_footnotes =
| nrhp =
| designated =
| added =
| refnum =
| footnotes =
| website =
| module = {{Infobox historic site
| embed = yes
| designation1 = | designation1_offname = | designation1_type = | designation1_criteria = | designation1_date = | delisted1_date = | designation1_partof = | designation1_number = | designation1_free1name = | designation1_free1value = | designation1_free2name = | designation1_free2value = | designation1_free3name = | designation1_free3value = }}
}}
The '''Basri Shah Mosque''' is a [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[mosque]], located in the [[Chitpur]]-[[Cossipore]] area of [[Kolkata]], in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Calcutta through 300 years |author=Leoshko, Janice |year= |publisher= |page= |isbn= }}</ref> Completed in {{AH|1219|link=yes}}, it is the oldest mosque in Kolkata, and is situated at the junction of Panchanan Mukherjee Road and Sett Pukur Road. It is one of heritage sites listed by [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]].{{efn|Basri Shah Mosque was recorded in the heritage list of Kolkata Municipal Corporation as "Bashiri Mosque".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kmcgov.in/KMCPortal/downloads/Graded_List_of_Heritage_Buildings_Grade_I_IIA_IIB.pdf |title=Heritage List With Grade |work=[[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] |date= |access-date= }}</ref>}} The mosque has three domes and four minarets.<ref name="LHI" /> The mosque is affiliated with the [[Hanafi school]] of worship.

== History ==
[[File:Bashiri Shah's Mazar 04.jpg|left|thumb|Shrine of Basri Shah]]
Before the establishment of Kolkata there was an old mosque in the place of present Basri Shah Mosque.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bajpai |first=Lopamudra Maitra |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Stories_of_the_Colonial_Architecture/rg40EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Basri+Shah+Mosque&pg=PA151&printsec=frontcover |title=Stories of the Colonial Architecture: Kolkata-Colombo |date=2019-02-07 |publisher=Doshor Publication |isbn=978-81-939544-0-9 |language=en}}</ref> The present mosque was built in {{AH|1219}} by Jafir Ali. The mosque was named after the shrine of Basri Shah situated nearby. Basri was a [[Muslim saint|saint]] who was from [[Basra]] in [[Iraq]] and settled in Kolkata sometimes between 1760 and 1790. After his death a shrine was made by his followers.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mosques in Calcutta |author=Roy, Pijush Kanti |date=2012 |publisher= |location= |page= |isbn= }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-24 |title=Basri Shah Mosque: The story behind this ancient structure |url=https://english.natungati.in/basri-shah-mosque-the-story-behind-this-ancient-structure/ |access-date=2025-07-04 |website=Natun Gati |language=en-US}}</ref>

The mosque was abandoned for many years.{{clarify|date=March 2025|reason=Dates and reference, please.}} The Kolkata Municipal Corporation added the mosque to its heritage list with renovation work.<ref name=LHI>{{cite web |url=https://www.livehistoryindia.com/story/history-daily/basri-shah-mosque/ |title=Basri Shah Masjid: Kolkata's Oldest Mosque |author=Chakraborty, Amlan |date=5 April 2021 |website=livehistoryindia.com }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|India|Islam}}}}
* [[Islam in India]]
* [[List of mosques in India]]
* [[List of mosques in Kolkata]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commonscat-inline|Bashiri Mosque}}

{{Mosques in India}}
{{Mosques in West Bengal}}
{{Mosques in Kolkata}}

[[Category:19th-century mosques in India]]
[[Category:Hanafi mosques]]
[[Category:Indo-Islamic mosques]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes in India]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with minarets in India]]
[[Category:Mosques completed in the 1800s]]
[[Category:Mosques in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Murshidabadi architecture]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 1804]]
[[Category:Sunni mosques in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Kolkata]]

Itagi, Gadag

2025-06-07T00:56:29Z

LiveHi: Created New Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Itagi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.737636|N|75.826821|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Gadag district|Gadag]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Ron
| government_type =
| governing_body = Grama Panchayath
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 27.48
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 574
| population_total = 4533 <ref>{{cite web|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/611/download/2092/DH_2011_2907_PART_B_DCHB_GADAG.pdf|access-date= 18 August 2023|title=Census data hand book 2011}}</ref>
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 582211
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Itagi ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. It is located in the [[Ron, Karnataka|Rona]] [[taluk]] of [[Gadag district]] in Karnataka. As per census survey of 2011, its location code number is 601951.

== History ==
Itagi is the site of Narayan Swami temple. This temple was built in the 12th century and houses a tall Narayan Swami statue. Itagi has a lake, Itagi Lake, which is 56 acres in area. Itagi also has the oldest Demmavva or Gramdevi temple and Shri Kalameshwar temples. A Paraswanath Jain temple was constructed recently and totally constructed in stone. It has two masjids.

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Itagi had a population of 8331 with 4223 males and 4108 females.<ref name="censusindia">Village code= 78100 {{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |title=Census of India : Villages with population 5000 & above |publisher=Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |access-date=2008-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080211182048/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_5000_and_Above.aspx |archive-date=2008-02-11 }}</ref>
It is a fast-developing village.{{fact|date=June 2019}} It is the largest Gram Panchayat village in Belgaum.

==See also==
* [[Belgaum]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* http://Belgaum.nic.in/

{{Settlements in Gadag district}}

[[Category:Villages in Belagavi district]]

{{Khanapur-geo-stub}}

Puzhakkal

2025-04-26T18:26:21Z

LiveHi: improved citations for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Puzhakkal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Puzhakkal Padam
| nickname =
| settlement_type = CBD
| image_skyline = കൊയ്ത് കഴിഞ്ഞ പാടം.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Sobha City in Puzhakkal
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kerala, India
| coordinates =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Kerala]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Thrissur district|Thrissur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation, Adat Grama Panchayath]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = KL-08
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Thrissur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Thrissur Municipal Corporation]]
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Puzhakkal''', also '''Puzhakkal Padam''', is part of [[Puzhakkal Block Panchayat|Puzhakkal block]] of Thrissur. A decade ago, Puzhakkal was a vast [[paddy field]] situated in the two sides of [[State Highway 69 (Kerala)]] going to [[Kunnamkulam]]. The place is named after [[Puzhakkal River]], which flows through this region. Now, it has become the most developed suburban area of [[Thrissur]] city. Many of the major nerve centres of Thrissur City, including the Thrissur Collectorate, [[Vilangan Hills]], [[Amala Institute of Medical Sciences]], [[Central Sanskrit University]], [[Government Law College, Thrissur]], [[Kendriya Vidyalaya]], District Industries Centre of Kerala Govt., Ministry of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises under Government of India (MSME), [[Lulu Convention Centre|Lulu Convention Center]] and many more are in the block. Many major automotive companies have commercial spaces here, including [[Hero Motors]], [[Tata Motors]], [[Nissan]], [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]], [[Toyota]], [[Suzuki]], [[Honda]] and more. A national-level [[tennis]] academy is also attracting tennis players here.

[[India]]'s second largest and [[Kerala]]'s largest international convention center, [[Lulu Convention Centre]], is situated in Puzhakkal. Sobha Group's [[Sobha City Mall]] and Sobha City, [[Kerala]]'s first and currently biggest integrated township is here with villas and high-rise luxury apartments, the only one of same in state having [[helipad]] facilities. Recently boating services for tourism have started across river. KINFRA is setting up an industrial park in Puzhakkal.<ref>{{cite news
|url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/07/stories/2005040710800300.htm
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050408012322/http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/07/stories/2005040710800300.htm
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=2005-04-08
|title=Industrial park at Puzhakkal
|access-date=2010-09-17
|location=Chennai, India
|work=[[The Hindu]]
|date=2005-04-07}}</ref> West fort Hitech hospital, a specialty healthcare center, is also in here.

Puzhakkal is known for the "Dharmasastha temple" where the presiding deity is Lord Ayyappa. The temple receives many visitors every year during the traditional sabarimala season between October and January. The St Mary's church in Puzhakkal is another nearby place of worship. The church has an affiliated school which remains the only school in the Puzhakkal block.

The area has lush green paddy fields and three canals flowing through them as part of the Peechi irrigation project.{{fact|date=October 2020}}

[[File:Puzhakkal Paadam .jpg|thumb|center|300px|View of Puzhakkal paadam from Vilangan Hills]]

==See also==
* [[Thrissur District]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{commons category inline|Puzhakkal}}

{{Thrissur topics}}

[[Category:Shopping districts and streets in India]]
[[Category:Suburbs of Thrissur city]]

Tribhuvanapala

2025-03-27T21:44:59Z

LiveHi: started the info from scratch - done

{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox royalty
| title = [[Maharajadhiraja]]
| succession = King of Gujarat
| reign = c. 1240–1244 CE
| predecessor = [[Bhima II]]
| successor = Visaladeva ([[Vaghela dynasty]])
| spouse = Liladevi and Sumaladevi
| house = [[Chaulukya]]
| house-type = dynasty
| father =
| religion =
}}
<mapframe text="The only extant inscription of Tribhuvanapala has been found at [[Kadi, India|Kadi]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=502}}" width="400" height="400" zoom="5" longitude="72.33" latitude="23.30">
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Kadi, India|Kadi]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [72.3310025, 23.2978500] }
}
]
}
</mapframe>
'''Tribhuvanapala''' (r. c. 1240–1244 CE) was the last king of the [[Chaulukya]] dynasty of western India. He ruled parts of present-day [[Gujarat]] from his capital at [[Anahilapataka]] (modern Patan). He ruled for a short period before dying heirless or being dethroned, after which the [[Vaghela dynasty]] assumed control of the kingdom.

== Early life ==

Tribhuvanapala succeeded [[Bhima II]] as the Chaulukya king. He is known from a 1242-43 CE [[Kadi, India|Kadi]] inscription, some ''[[pattavali]]s'', and the prologue of a drama. The chronicles about the dynasty do not mention him.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}}

Tribhuvanapala's relationship to Bhima is not certain, although the various records suggest that he was the legal heir to the throne. His inscription states that he meditated at the feet of Bhima (a conventional way to describe a rightful heir). The inscriber of his inscription was Somasimha, and its drafter (''dutaka'') was Vayajaladeva: both these persons also worked on the grant inscriptions of Bhima. Tribhuvanapala's inscription records a grant to Vedagarbharashi, who had been appointed as a trustee of a Shaivite monastery by Bhima. Thus, Tribhuvanapala appears to have been a legitimate successor.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}}

== Reign ==

The prologue of Subhata's [[Sanskrit]] play ''Dutangada'' states that the play was composed by the order of the ''parishad'' (council) of ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'' Tribhuvanapala. The occasion was a spring festival procession of ''Kumarapaleshvara'' ("Lord of Kumarapala") at Devapattana (modern [[Prabhas Patan]] or Somnath). The festival was probably held to celebrate the restoration of a [[Shiva]] temple commissioned by the earlier king [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]].{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=167}}

According to one record, a ruler called Tribhuvana-Ranaka killed Bala, a general of the [[Guhilas of Medapata|Guhila]] ruler Jaitrasimha, who was trying to recapture Kottadaka (modern Kotada). This Tribhuvana-Ranaka is identified with Tribhuvanapala.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=168}}

The Chaulukya dynasty ended with Tribhuvanapala. The [[Vaghela dynasty|Vaghela]] generals Lavanaprasada and Viradhavala had become powerful during the reign of his predecessor Bhima II. Viradhavala's son Visaladeva became the next king after Tribhuvanapala's death.{{sfn|Jack C. Laughlin|2003|p=303}} One theory is that the Vaghelas forcibly dethroned Tribhuvanapala. However, it is also possible that Tribhuvanapala died heirless, because of which the Vaghelas assumed the control of the kingdom.{{sfn|Asoke Kumar Majumdar|1956|p=168}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Asoke Kumar Majumdar |title=Chaulukyas of Gujarat |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ffAdAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |year=1956 |oclc=4413150 }}
* {{cite book |author=Jack C. Laughlin |chapter=Portraiture and Jain sacred place: the patronage of the ministers Vastupāla and Tejaḥpāla |editor=Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara |title=Pilgrims, Patrons, and Place: Localizing Sanctity in Asian Religions |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbIOD34a06kC&pg=PA303 |year=2003 |publisher=UBC |isbn=978-0-7748-1039-5 }}
{{refend}}

{{Chaulukya dynasty}}

[[Category:13th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Chaulukya dynasty]]

PSLV Orbital Experiment Module

2025-02-28T16:21:59Z

LiveHi: Put up a stub

{{Short description|Satellite bus derived out of launch vehicle upper stage}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name = PSLV Orbital Experimental Module
| names_list = PS4 Orbital Platform
| image = PSLV-C11_Fourthstage.jpg
| image_caption = Unmodified PSLV fourth stage for PSLV-C11 campaign.
| mission_type = Technology
| dry_mass = ~920 kg
| payload_mass = up to 30 kg
| dimensions = Length: 3 meter {{line break}} Diameter: 2 meter
| power = 200 to 500 watts
}}

'''PSLV Orbital Experiment Platform''' ('''POEM''') also known as PSLV Stage 4 Orbital Platform (PS4-OP)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Payloads |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/Payloads.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=24 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724215843/https://www.isro.gov.in/Payloads.html |url-status=live }}</ref> is an orbital [[micro-gravity]] [[Testbed|test bed]] based on spent fourth stage of [[PSLV]]. By adding modular subsystems for power generation, communication and stabilization like [[Solar cell|photovoltaic cells]], Telemetry and Telecommand (TT&C) package, attitude control system, data storage etc to the PSLV fourth stage, it can function as a [[satellite bus]]. This augmented stage can then host payloads for up to six months while in orbit, making it useful for qualifying components, gaining space heritage and conduct experiments in micro-gravity conditions. Usually the fourth stage of PSLV is discarded after deployment of satellite and remains in orbit for a significant duration in a passive state as a piece of [[Space debris#Boosters|space debris]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Objective ==
POEM or PS4-OP was conceived by [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre|VSSC]]/[[ISRO]] to help Indian academia and start-ups by providing a low cost platform with essential subsystems to support their payloads hence lowering the barriers of reaching orbit. POEM off-loads the burden of designing, qualifying, procuring a satellite bus, setting up a ground station etc. which reduces the development time and costs associated with using space-grade components thus allowing entities to just focus on payload.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":7" />

== History ==
PSLV fourth stage or PS4 has often been used to carry non-separable payloads like AAM on PSLV-C8,<ref name="PSLV_C8_Brochure">{{cite web |title=PSLV C8 / AGILE brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C8/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223011646/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C8/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> [[Luxspace|Rubin 9.1]]/[[Rubin 9.2]] on PSLV-C14<ref>{{cite web |title=PSLV C14/Oceansat-2 brochure |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C14/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806094152/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/PSLV-C14/files/assets/common/downloads/publication.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> and mRESINS on PSLV-C21<ref>{{cite web |title=Space-India July 2012 to August 2013 |url=https://www.dos.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/Space%20India%20July%2012-Aug%2013/files/assets/common/downloads/Space%20India%20July%2012-Aug%2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806152719/https://www.dos.gov.in/sites/default/files/flipping_book/Space%20India%20July%2012-Aug%2013/files/assets/common/downloads/Space%20India%20July%2012-Aug%2013.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> etc. but such payloads could be supported only for a very short duration as PS4 lacked the capacity to generate power and maintain attitude stability. So it was proposed to augment PS4 with modular subsystems to convert it into a long duration orbital platform after completion of primary mission.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=21 February 2019 |title=Opportunities for science experiments in the fourth stage of India's PSLV |url=http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2019/tech-55E.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/stsc/2019/tech-55E.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=15 June 2019 |title=Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for Orbital platform: an avenue for in-orbit scientific experiments |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806072033/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/orbital_platform-_ao.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |title=2 days after Space Station news, Isro calls for "docking experiments" on PSLV stage-4 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-days-after-space-station-news-isro-calls-for-docking-experiments-on-pslv-stage-4/articleshow/69800354.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824073052/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2-days-after-space-station-news-isro-calls-for-docking-experiments-on-pslv-stage-4/articleshow/69800354.cms |archive-date=24 August 2019 |access-date=23 February 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

In 2017 as an early demonstration on [[PSLV-C37|PSLV-C37/Cartosat-2D]]<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fujsQ5teHJI&t=4094s |title=The launch of PSLV–C37/CARTOSAT – 2 Series Satellite - Live |date=15 February 2017 |time=1 hour 08 minutes 14 seconds}}</ref> and [[PSLV-C38|PSLV-C38/Cartosat-2E]] campaigns,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=In-situ observations of rocket burn induced modulations of the top side ionosphere using the IDEA payload on-board the unique orbiting experimental platform (PS4) of the Indian Polar Orbiting Satellite Launch Vehicle mission - ISRO |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/situ-observations-of-rocket-burn-induced-modulations-of-top-side-ionosphere-using-idea-payload-board |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921000216/https://www.isro.gov.in/situ-observations-of-rocket-burn-induced-modulations-of-top-side-ionosphere-using-idea-payload-board |archive-date=21 September 2022 |access-date=2022-06-27 |website=www.isro.gov.in |language=en}}</ref> PS4 was kept operational and monitored for over ten orbits after completion of its primary mission of deploying spacecraft.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Department of Space Annual Report 2017-18 |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/9805/annualreport2017-18.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213093132/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/9805/annualreport2017-18.pdf |archive-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=rajasekhar |first=pathri |date=2017-06-20 |title=Isro to lower rocket's altitude |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/science/science/200617/isro-to-lower-rockets-altitude.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806095054/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/science/science/200617/isro-to-lower-rockets-altitude.html |archive-date=6 August 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> Fourth stage on PSLV-C38 hosted IDEA (Ionization Density and Electric field Analyzer) as a non-separable payload by Space Physics Laboratory of VSSC,<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /> two other non-separable payloads were mAMP and 'Earth Pointing Platform'.<ref name="YT_5thMPVM">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bwV0S7uEPMg&t=3036s |title=5th Manohar Parrikar Vidnyan Mahotsav: Talk By ISRO Chairman Dr. S. Somanath |date=13 December 2023 |time=50 min. 36 sec.}}</ref>
[[File:Render of PS4 Orbital Platform payload deck.webp|thumb|300x300px|'''Render of PS4 Orbital Platform payload deck''']]
In January 2019, [[PSLV-C44|PSLV-C44/Microsat-R]] became the first campaign where PS4 functioned as an independent orbital platform for short duration as the provisions for on-board power generation capacity were not yet made.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rajwi |first=Tiki |date=2019-01-12 |title=PSLV lift-off with added features |newspaper=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pslv-lift-off-with-added-features/article25981654.ece |url-status=live |access-date=23 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806161530/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/pslv-lift-off-with-added-features/article25981654.ece |archive-date=6 August 2020 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It hosted a 1U cubesat called KalamSAT-V2 as a non-separable payload by Space Kidz India based on [[Interorbital Systems]] kit.<ref>{{cite web |title=PSLV-C44 - ISRO |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c44 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013408/https://www.isro.gov.in/launcher/pslv-c44 |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=26 June 2020 |website=isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|number=1088526772109422592|user=interorbital|title=Congratulations to ISRO and SpaceKidzIndia on getting their CubeSat into orbit! The students modified their IOS CubeSat kit, complete w/ their own experiments!|author=Interorbital Systems|date=25 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Singh |first=Surendra |date=16 December 2018 |title=In a first, ISRO will make dead rocket stage "alive" in space for experiments |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-a-first-isro-will-make-dead-rocket-stage-alive-in-space-for-experiments/articleshow/67067817.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108132514/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/in-a-first-isro-will-make-dead-rocket-stage-alive-in-space-for-experiments/articleshow/67067817.cms |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> Later in April, the fourth stage on [[PSLV-C45|PSLV-C45/EMISAT]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C45/EMISAT Mission Press-kit |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c45_launch_kitv5.0_fn_23.03.19.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323093804/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/pslv-c45_launch_kitv5.0_fn_23.03.19.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2019 |access-date=23 July 2023 |url-status=dead }}</ref> had its own power generation capacity as it was augmented with an array of fixed [[solar cell]]s wrapped around the propellant tank of PS4 generating about 200 watts of power.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=Indian military satellite, 20 more Planet imaging CubeSats launched by PSLV |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/01/indian-military-satellite-20-more-planet-imaging-cubesats-aboard-successful-pslv-launch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406042135/https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/04/01/indian-military-satellite-20-more-planet-imaging-cubesats-aboard-successful-pslv-launch/ |archive-date=6 April 2019 |access-date=2020-02-23 |publisher=Spaceflight Now}}</ref><ref name="PSLV_C55_Presser">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGyCpYFS90o&t=81s |title=Press briefing by S Somanath (Chairman, ISRO) |date=22 April 2023 |time=1 minutes 22 seconds}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C45/EMISAT Mission Curtain Raiser video (English) |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_PSLV_C45_CameraView.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=www.isro.gov.in |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230726171613/https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_PSLV_C45_CameraView.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Three payloads hosted on PS4-OP were, Advanced Retarding Potential Analyzer for Ionospheric Studies (ARIS 101F) by IIST,<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Avionics, R. Sudharshan Kaarthik, Ph.D (Assistant Professor) |url=https://www.iist.ac.in/avionics/sudharshan.kaarthik |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213005932/https://www.iist.ac.in/avionics/sudharshan.kaarthik |archive-date=13 February 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020}}</ref> experimental [[Automatic identification system|AIS]] payload by ISRO and AISAT by [[Satellize]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Exseed Sat-2 |url=https://satellize.com/index.php/exseed-sat-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223011624/https://satellize.com/index.php/exseed-sat-2/ |archive-date=23 February 2020 |access-date=23 February 2020 |publisher=Satellize}}</ref> To function as an orbital platform, fourth stage was put in [[Spin-stabilisation|spin-stabilized]] mode using its RCS thrusters.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=16 June 2021 |title=Opportunity for Scientific Experiments on PSLV Upper Stage Orbital Platform |url=https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/hsti/Hyper-Microgravity_Webinar2021/Hyper-Microgravity_Webinar2021/9_RegionalActivities/R._Senan_Hypermicrogravity_ISRO.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/hsti/Hyper-Microgravity_Webinar2021/Hyper-Microgravity_Webinar2021/9_RegionalActivities/R._Senan_Hypermicrogravity_ISRO.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09}}</ref> PS4-OP on this campaign had mission life of 3 months and AISAT payload onboard was operational for almost a year.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="PSLV_C55_Presser" /> According to ISRO, the PS4-OP can transmit commands and data to sustain the payloads and regulate its location in three different orientations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Linganna |first=Girish |date=3 January 2025 |title=While POEM-4 Experiments Run, SPADEX Prepares for Docking Day |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/while-poem-4-experiments-run-spadex-prepares-for-docking-day-7510978/ |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=india.com |language=en}}</ref>

After these initial testing campaigns, ISRO issued an Announcement of Opportunity in June 2019 to carry out in-orbit scientific experiments on PS4 orbital platform.<ref name=":1" /> And in following years POEM-1 aboard [[PSLV-C53]]/DS-EO campaign in June 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSIL's Second Dedicated commercial launch "PSLV-C53/ DS-EO Mission" successfully accomplished on 30th June 2022 |url=https://www.nsilindia.co.in/sites/default/files/Press%20Release%20-%20PSLV%20C-53%20DS-EO%20Mission.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518082810/https://www.nsilindia.co.in/sites/default/files/Press%20Release%20-%20PSLV%20C-53%20DS-EO%20Mission.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2023}}</ref> and POEM-2 aboard [[PSLV-C55]]/TeLEOS-2 campaign in April 2023 were launched.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's PSLV launches with two Singaporean satellites – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/04/22/indias-pslv-launches-with-two-singaporean-satellites/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en-US |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606165526/https://spaceflightnow.com/2023/04/22/indias-pslv-launches-with-two-singaporean-satellites/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both of these orbital platforms had mature configurations utilizing 3-axis stabilization and on-board power generation capacity.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C53/DS-EO mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/pslv-c53-ds-eo-mission/pslv-c53-ds-eo-mission-brochure-english/brochure_pslv_c53-ds-eo_mission_english.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705162540/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/pslv-c53-ds-eo-mission/pslv-c53-ds-eo-mission-brochure-english/brochure_pslv_c53-ds-eo_mission_english.pdf |archive-date=5 July 2022}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C55/TeLEOS-2 mission press kit |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/PSLVC55/PSLVC55TeLEOS.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528023203/https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/PSLVC55/PSLVC55TeLEOS.pdf |archive-date=28 May 2023}}</ref>

In July 2023, [[Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre]] (IN-SPACe) issued an announcement of opportunity inviting payloads to be hosted aboard upcoming POEM campaigns tentatively scheduled between November 2023 and June 2024.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=IN-SPACe Announcement of Opportunity for hosting of payloads on POEM Page - IN-SPACe |url=https://www.inspace.gov.in/inspace?id=inspace_hosting_payloads_on_poem_page |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=www.inspace.gov.in |archive-date=26 July 2023 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20230726172619/https://www.inspace.gov.in/inspace?id=inspace_hosting_payloads_on_poem_page|url-status=live }}</ref>

On 1 January 2024, POEM-3 was launched along with [[XPoSat|XpoSat]] on [[PSLV-C58]] hosting ten payloads. The stage was lowered from a 650 km (circular) injection orbit of XpoSAT to a 350 km circular orbit for POEM-3 operations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |date=2024-01-01 |title=ISRO Fires Fourth Stage Of PSLV-C58 Twice To Hold Scientific Experiments |url=https://www.ndtvprofit.com/technology/isro-fires-fourth-stage-of-pslv-c58-twice-to-hold-scientific-experiments |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=NDTV Profit |language=en}}</ref> POEM-3 re-entered atmosphere on 21 March 2024 over the [[Pacific Ocean]] after having accomplished its objectives by February and thus leaving behind no [[Space debris|space-debris]] from the launch.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV accomplishes zero orbital debris mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC58_POEM3_accomplish_zero_orbital_debris_mission.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240325150554/https://www.isro.gov.in/PSLVC58_POEM3_accomplish_zero_orbital_debris_mission.html |archive-date=25 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=POEM-3 Mission achieves all its Payload objectives |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/POEM-3_Mission_achieves_Payload_objectives.html |access-date=2024-03-26 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>

On 30 December 2024, POEM-4 was launched with 24 non-separable payloads as part of the [[PSLV-C60]]/[[SPADEX|SpaDeX]] mission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PSLV-C60 SPADEX Mission Press-kit |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Missions/PSLVC60/PSLVC60-mission-brochure-english.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=POEM-4 in PSLV-C60 / SpaDeX Mission |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/POEM_4_Payloads_spadex.html |access-date=2025-02-09 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref> The PS4 stage was restarted twice to lower the orbit from 470 km to 350 km circular orbit for POEM-4 operations.<ref>{{Cite news |last=C.S |first=Hemanth |date=2024-12-31 |title=ISRO’s PSLV-C60 Mission: 10 payload from non-government entities successfully deployed on POEM-4 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/pslv-c60-mission-10-payload-from-non-government-entities-successfully-deployed-of-on-poem-4/article69046002.ece |access-date=2025-02-09 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Platform capabilities ==

Specifications and capabilities of PSLV fourth stage based orbital platform which may improve over time.<ref name=":6" /><ref name="NSSS2022">{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7XKKZMrkB4&t=475s |title=DAY 1 {{!}} PS 5 {{!}} SESSION A |date=31 Jan 2022 |time=8 minutes}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

* Mission life: Up to six months depending on left-over Helium pressurant in fourth stage.
* Maximum mass of payload: 30 kg
* Maximum size: About 3U, depends on spare area available for a particular mission and mounting location.
* Maximum power of payload: 200 to 500 watts
* Power bus: 28 Volts
* Maximum data rate: 1 Mbps
* Pointing accuracy:
** During sunlit period: within ±1°
** During eclipse: ±5°
** Slew rate within 0.5° per second during stabilized regime.
* Data storage: 1GB
* TT&C: S-band
* Downlink at ISRO ground station
* Suitable for experiments requiring large Inertia and structure.

== Missions ==
{{further|List of PSLV Orbital Experiment Module Flights}}
As of February 2025, the POEM module has been used on Four missions;

# [[PSLV-C53]]/[[List of PSLV Orbital Experiment Module Flights#POEM-1|POEM-1]]
# [[PSLV-C55]]/[[List of PSLV Orbital Experiment Module Flights#POEM-2|POEM-2]]
# [[PSLV-C58]]/[[Poem of Sidi Boushaki|POEM-3]]
# [[PSLV-C60]]/[[List of PSLV Orbital Experiment Module Flights#POEM-4|POEM-4]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:PSLV-C53, DS-EO - Render of PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM) without DLA upper.png|PSLV-C53/POEM-1
File:PSLV-C55, TeLEOS-2 - Render of POEM with solar panels deployed.webp|PSLV-C55/POEM-2
File:PSLV-C58, XPoSat - Render of POEM-3 orbital platform.png|PSLV-C58/POEM-3
File:PSLV-C60, SpaDEx — Render of POEM-4.png|PSLV-C60/POEM-4
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[RM-81 Agena]]
* [[Rocket Lab Photon]]
* [[Comparison of satellite buses]]
{{Commons category|PSLV Orbital Experiment Module}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal bar|Spaceflight}}
{{Orbital launch systems}}

[[Category:Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]]
[[Category:Satellite buses]]

Naga Hoho

2025-02-06T02:44:04Z

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The '''Naga Hoho''' is a federation of [[Naga tribes]] from four Indian states, namely [[Arunachal Pradesh]], [[Assam]], [[Manipur]], and [[Nagaland]], and some parts of [[Myanmar]]. It was formed in 1994 at [[Wokha]] with the 'unity and fraternity' as its motto. It is considered as the tribe-based apex institution under the traditional system of the Nagas, intrinsic to the Naga ethos and culture.<ref name="morungexpress">{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/naga-hoho-has-lost-all-credibility-wc-nnpgs/|title=Naga Hoho has lost all credibility: WC, NNPGs - The Morung Express|date=March 22, 2024|website=morungexpress.com}}</ref><ref name="imphaltimes">{{cite web|url=https://www.ifp.co.in/opinion/strengthening-naga-hoho-need-of-the-hour-for-naga-people/|title=Strengthening Naga Hoho need of the hour for Naga people -Imphal free press|date=March 22, 2024|website=www.ifp.co.in}}</ref>

== History ==
Naga Hoho was formed on 25 June 1994 at [[Wokha]] and adopted its constitution in 1998 during a [[Zünheboto Assembly constituency|Zunheboto]] session with the motto 'unity and fraternity', to invoke peace against the Naga political instability involving infighting between groups in the region.<ref name="internationalconference" />

The 25th Silver Jubilee celebration was conducted in 2023.<ref name="internationalconference">{{cite web|url=https://www.internationalconference.in/XVI_AIC/TS5B-PDF/10.Banasree_Phukan.pdf/|title= Historical Evolution of Civil Society in Conflict Resolution: the Initial Decade of Naga Hoho|date=March 21, 2024|website=www.internationalconference}}</ref>

== Objectives ==
The objective of the Naga Hoho is to bring peace and tranquility in the region and to uphold its principle that underscores equality. The intent of the platform is to ensure oneness and unity for an early solution to the Naga political issue. Thus assuring inclusivity and stability acknowledging Naga belonging. It reiterates to avoid tribal differences and embrace love and cooperation for better unity to achieve the desired goal without distorting the basic principles of Naga people and most importantly emphasized to promote the welfare of the Nagas.<ref name="arunachaltimes">{{cite web|url=https://arunachaltimes.in/index.php/2023/12/31/naga-hoho-celebrates-silver-jubilee/|title=Naga Hoho celebrates silver jubilee-Arunachal times|date=March 21, 2024|website=arunachaltimes.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Organisations based in Nagaland]]
[[Category:1994 establishments in Nagaland]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1994]]
[[Category:Naga people]]

{{India-org-stub}}

Majhraut Ahir

2024-10-23T20:24:47Z

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#REDIRECT [[Ahir clans#Majhraut]]

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