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Vijayakirti

2023-06-02T17:22:21Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Infobox royalty
| title = Gaudeshwari
| dynasty = [[Sayyid dynasty|Sayyid]] (by birth), [[Gauda Kingdom]] (by marriage)
| issue = Manava
| given name = Vijayamati
| spouse = [[Shashanka]] (Gaudeshwar)
| succession = Empress consort of the [[Gauda Kingdom]]
}}
'''Vijayakirti''', '''Vijayamati''' or '''Shobhamati''' also spelled as '''Vijayakirti''' or '''Gaudeshwari''' was the princess of the [[Sayyid dynasty]], later kidnapped by the Gauda king, Shashanka and became his wife. Manava was her son who ruled between 625- 626 CE. Anyway, she is the given the name, '''Shobha''', and later results her to Queen '''Shobhamati'''. Her story is a literature from the birth by her illegal marriage but fortunately, she accepted [[Shashanka]] but after his death, she married one of the [[Pallava]] kings, leaving her adult son, [[Manava (king)|Manava]].

Some stories are very casual about this queen, but legally meant as a queen of Shashank, the Gauda king.

[[Category:Indian people stubs]]

Vijayakirti

2023-06-02T17:22:05Z

Liona Fernandes:

Vijayakirti

2023-06-02T17:21:50Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "{{Infobox royalty | title = Gaudeshwari | dynasty = Sayyid (by birth), Gauda Kingdom (by marriage) | issue = Manava | given name = Vijayamati | spouse = Shashanka (Gaudeshwar) | succession = Empress consort of the Gauda Kingdom '''Vijayakirti''', '''Vijayamati''' or '''Shobhamati''' also spelled as '''Vijayakirti''' or '''Gaudeshwari''' was the princess of the Sayyid dynasty, later kidnapped by the Gauda king, Shashanka and became his w..."

{{Infobox royalty
| title = Gaudeshwari
| dynasty = [[Sayyid dynasty|Sayyid]] (by birth), [[Gauda Kingdom]] (by marriage)
| issue = Manava
| given name = Vijayamati
| spouse = [[Shashanka]] (Gaudeshwar)
| succession = Empress consort of the [[Gauda Kingdom]]
'''Vijayakirti''', '''Vijayamati''' or '''Shobhamati''' also spelled as '''Vijayakirti''' or '''Gaudeshwari''' was the princess of the [[Sayyid dynasty]], later kidnapped by the Gauda king, Shashanka and became his wife. Manava was her son who ruled between 625- 626 CE. Anyway, she is the given the name, '''Shobha''', and later results her to Queen '''Shobhamati'''. Her story is a literature from the birth by her illegal marriage but fortunately, she accepted [[Shashanka]] but after his death, she married one of the [[Pallava]] kings, leaving her adult son, [[Manava (king)|Manava]].

Some stories are very casual about this queen, but legally meant as a queen of Shashank, the Gauda king.

[Category:Indian people stubs]]

Draft:Manava (king)

2023-06-01T13:28:04Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Manava (king) to Manava (king): Rulers information should be in article

#REDIRECT [[Manava (king)]]

Manava (king)

2023-06-01T13:28:04Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Manava (king) to Manava (king): Rulers information should be in article

{{Short description|Indian king}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
'''Manava''' was the son and successor to the previous king of [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda]], [[Shashanka]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amin |first=Adnan R. |date=2019-09-30 |title=The First King of Bengal |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/in-focus/news/the-first-king-bengal-1807141 |access-date=2022-12-28 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was the last recorded ruler of the dynasty and was likely deposed by [[Harshavardhana]] (Emperor of Northern India) or [[Bhaskaravarman]] (King of [[Kamarupa]]). He ruled as king for 8 months 5 days during 625-626 CE.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dynastic History of Magadha |first=Prasad Sinha |title=Bindeshwari |publisher=Abhinav Publications |year=1977 |location=New Delhi |pages=133}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bengal (India) |first=West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VupFAQAAIAAJ&q=Manava+sasanka |title=West Bengal District Gazetteers: Māldā |date=1969 |publisher=State editor, West Bengal District Gazetteers |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Rulers of Bengal]]
[[Category:7th-century monarchs in Asia]]

{{asia-royal-stub}}

Rajamala Devi

2023-05-08T17:23:54Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Infobox royalty|name=Rajamala Devi|succession=Empress consort of the [[Pala Empire]]|reign=Early 9th century-1043|succession2=Dowager empress|reign2=1043-1057|spouse=[[Shurapala II]]|father=[[Durlabharaja I]]|dynasty=[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]]|religion=[[Shaivism]]|predecessor=[[Mahata Devi]]}}

'''Rajamala Devi''' or '''Rajadevi''' was the empress consort of [[Shurapala II]], but she did not have a child with him. She was the younger daughter of [[Durlabharaja I]] of the [[Chahamana dynasty]] and the sister of [[Mahata Devi]].

She was very curious about [[Ramapala]] when he killed her husband but queen Rajamala with the tear in her eye started her reign in 1043 and died in 1057. She never forgived her brother in law but she gifted two temples to the Brahmins and did the acts of her sister, Queen Mahata. Mahata, as a big sister was succeeded by her younger sister, Rajamala. Durlabharaja married her to a prince named Shurapala, but she died but her cause of death is unknown. She had love and affection on her elder sister, Mahata.

==See also==
[[List of rulers of Bengal]]

[[Category:Pala kings]]
[[Category:1057 deaths]]

Rajamala Devi

2023-05-08T17:20:59Z

Liona Fernandes:

Rajamala Devi

2023-05-08T17:20:13Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "{{Infobox royalty|name=Rajamala Devi|succession=Empress consort of the Pala Empire|reign=Early century-1043|succession2=Dowager empress|reign2=1043-1057|spouse=Shurapala II|father=Durlabharaja I|dynasty=Chahamanas of Shakambhari|religion=Shaivism|predecessor=Mahata Devi}} '''Rajamala Devi''' or '''Rajadevi''' was the empress consort of Shurapala II, but she did not have a child with him. She was the younger daughter of Durlabharaja I of t..."

{{Infobox royalty|name=Rajamala Devi|succession=Empress consort of the [[Pala Empire]]|reign=Early century-1043|succession2=Dowager empress|reign2=1043-1057|spouse=[[Shurapala II]]|father=[[Durlabharaja I]]|dynasty=[[Chahamanas of Shakambhari]]|religion=[[Shaivism]]|predecessor=[[Mahata Devi]]}}

'''Rajamala Devi''' or '''Rajadevi''' was the empress consort of [[Shurapala II]], but she did not have a child with him. She was the younger daughter of [[Durlabharaja I]] of the [[Chahamana dynasty]] and the sister of [[Mahata Devi]].

She was very curious about [[Ramapala]] when he killed her husband but queen Rajamala with the tear in her eye started her reign in 1043 and died in 1057. She never forgived her brother in law but she gifted two temples to the Brahmins and did the acts of her sister, Queen Mahata. Mahata, as a big sister was succeeded by her younger sister, Rajamala. Durlabharaja married her to a prince named Shurapala, but she died but her cause of death is unknown. She had love and affection on her elder sister, Mahata.

[[Category:Pala kings]]

Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T10:02:29Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Db-nonsense}}
Dharmavati is the wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in some legends. She is also known as the cousin sister of Bhanumati, the fourth wife of [[Duryodhana]].
{{Short description|Wife of Dhrishtadhyumna in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Dharmavati
| spouse = [[Dhrishtadyumna]]
| image = Dharmavati.jpg
| caption = Painting of Dharmavati
| affiliation = Panchal Queen
| info-hdr =Information
| color = #FFC569
| family = ''' Parents '''
{{Unbulleted list| Dhanraja (father), Satyamala (mother)}}
}}

She is one of the wives of [[Dhrishtadyumna]].[[Dhritarashtra]] who was very fond of Duryodhana's marriage, wanted Dharmavati to marry him but she wrote a letter to [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he kidnapped her. The purohits give this message to [[Duryodhana]]. [[Duryodhana]] with [[Karna]] find out where is Dharmavati and tried to kidnap her, later she married [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in a splendid ceremony.

==Life==
===Birth===
She was the daughter of Dhanraja. When she grew up, her father was worried about her marriage and was thinking about a groom who loved his daughter, Dharmavati.

===Marriage===
Her father Dhanraja held a swayamvara, in that he invited [[Dhrishtadyumna]], and many other warriors. The maidservants gave Princess Dharmavati a garland and her father asked her to go and put the garland on the prince which you like. When she came across [[Dhrishtadyumna]], her eyes were filled with joy and happiness and she put the garland on [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he took her to [[Paanchal]] happily.

==See also ==
*[[Ashwatthama]]

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T10:02:15Z

Liona Fernandes:

{[Db-nonsense}}
Dharmavati is the wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in some legends. She is also known as the cousin sister of Bhanumati, the fourth wife of [[Duryodhana]].
{{Short description|Wife of Dhrishtadhyumna in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Dharmavati
| spouse = [[Dhrishtadyumna]]
| image = Dharmavati.jpg
| caption = Painting of Dharmavati
| affiliation = Panchal Queen
| info-hdr =Information
| color = #FFC569
| family = ''' Parents '''
{{Unbulleted list| Dhanraja (father), Satyamala (mother)}}
}}

She is one of the wives of [[Dhrishtadyumna]].[[Dhritarashtra]] who was very fond of Duryodhana's marriage, wanted Dharmavati to marry him but she wrote a letter to [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he kidnapped her. The purohits give this message to [[Duryodhana]]. [[Duryodhana]] with [[Karna]] find out where is Dharmavati and tried to kidnap her, later she married [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in a splendid ceremony.

==Life==
===Birth===
She was the daughter of Dhanraja. When she grew up, her father was worried about her marriage and was thinking about a groom who loved his daughter, Dharmavati.

===Marriage===
Her father Dhanraja held a swayamvara, in that he invited [[Dhrishtadyumna]], and many other warriors. The maidservants gave Princess Dharmavati a garland and her father asked her to go and put the garland on the prince which you like. When she came across [[Dhrishtadyumna]], her eyes were filled with joy and happiness and she put the garland on [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he took her to [[Paanchal]] happily.

==See also ==
*[[Ashwatthama]]

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T10:01:21Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata) to Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

Dharmavati is the wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in some legends. She is also known as the cousin sister of Bhanumati, the fourth wife of [[Duryodhana]].
{{Short description|Wife of Dhrishtadhyumna in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Dharmavati
| spouse = [[Dhrishtadyumna]]
| image = Dharmavati.jpg
| caption = Painting of Dharmavati
| affiliation = Panchal Queen
| info-hdr =Information
| color = #FFC569
| family = ''' Parents '''
{{Unbulleted list| Dhanraja (father), Satyamala (mother)}}
}}

She is one of the wives of [[Dhrishtadyumna]].[[Dhritarashtra]] who was very fond of Duryodhana's marriage, wanted Dharmavati to marry him but she wrote a letter to [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he kidnapped her. The purohits give this message to [[Duryodhana]]. [[Duryodhana]] with [[Karna]] find out where is Dharmavati and tried to kidnap her, later she married [[Dhrishtadyumna]] in a splendid ceremony.

==Life==
===Birth===
She was the daughter of Dhanraja. When she grew up, her father was worried about her marriage and was thinking about a groom who loved his daughter, Dharmavati.

===Marriage===
Her father Dhanraja held a swayamvara, in that he invited [[Dhrishtadyumna]], and many other warriors. The maidservants gave Princess Dharmavati a garland and her father asked her to go and put the garland on the prince which you like. When she came across [[Dhrishtadyumna]], her eyes were filled with joy and happiness and she put the garland on [[Dhrishtadyumna]] and he took her to [[Paanchal]] happily.

==See also ==
*[[Ashwatthama]]

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Draft:Dharmavati

2023-05-05T10:01:04Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Dharmavati to Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

#REDIRECT [[Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)]]

Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T10:01:04Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Dharmavati to Draft:Dharmavati (Mahabharata)

Bhanumati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T09:59:40Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Short description|Wife of Duryodhana, an antagonist of the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox character
| color = #FFC569
| series =
| image = The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
| caption = An illustration of Mayuri
| info-hdr = Information
| name = Bhanumati
| affiliation = [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru queen]]
| home = [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]] (by birth) [[Hastinapur]] (by marriage)
| children = [[Laxman Kumara]] (son) [[Lakshmanaa]] (daughter)<ref name=gandhari>[[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]. ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11017.htm The Mahabharta]: Book 11: [[Stri Parva]]'', [[Kisari Mohan Ganguli|K. M. Ganguli]], tr. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</ref><ref name=riseofkali22>[[Anand Neelakantan]] (2015). ''[[Ajaya: Rise of Kali]]''. p. 22</ref>
| family = Chitrangada (father) Parvatnandini or Chandramudra (mother) [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]] (so called sister) <ref name="narada" /><ref name=riseofkali22/>
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| relatives = ''' Cousins''' {{Bulleted list|Pratiyogini (wife of [[Kaurava]] Durmukha), [[Draft:Dharmavati|Dharmavati]] (wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]]) and many others}}
}}
'''Bhanumati''' is the wife of Duryodhana, the main antagonist of the epic ''[[Mahabharata]]''<ref name=keith>{{cite book|author=Arthur Berriedale Keith|author-link=Arthur Berriedale Keith|title=The Sanskrit Drama in Its Origin, Development, Theory & Practice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sfqRhylNBpwC&pg=PA213|year=1992|publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]]|isbn=978-81-208-0977-2|page=213}}</ref><ref>[[Vaisampayana]]. ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01068.htm The Mahabharata]: Book 1: [[Adi Parva]]'', K. M. Ganguli, tr. Retrieved 5 October 2017</ref> Originally unnamed in the epic, the name of Duryodhana's wife is found in later versions.{{sfn|Sharma|2007}} Bhanumati's children are [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmanaa]]. It is described that Duryodhana loved her immensely.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Valmiki|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qj9bDwAAQBAJ&q=mother+of+Lakshmana&pg=PT5921|title=Delphi Collected Sanskrit Epics (Illustrated)|last2=Vyasa|date=2018-05-19|publisher=Delphi Classics|isbn=978-1-78656-128-2|language=en}}</ref><ref name=riseofkali22>[[Anand Neelakantan]] (2015). ''[[Ajaya: Rise of Kali]]''. p. 22</ref>

In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned thrice. In the ''[[Shanti Parva]]'' book, Duryodhana abducted king Chitrangada's daughter from her [[swayamvara]] with the help of [[Karna]].<ref name="narada">[[Narada]]. ''[http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m12/m12a004.htm The Mahabharata]: Book 12: [[Shanti Parva]]'', K. M. Ganguli, tr. Retrieved 5 October 2017.</ref> Later, she is described by her mother-in-law, [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], in the ''[[Stri Parva]]'' book. She is described with the Indian queen regent, [[Pushpavati]] of Pushyabhuti dynasty.

==Textual sources and development==
Bhanumati is never directly mentioned in the ''Mahabharata''. In the ''[[Shalya Parva]]'', Duryodhana expresses his sorrow over the fate of the mother of his son, [[Laxman Kumara]]. In the ''[[Stri Parva]]'', [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] (mother of Duryodhana) mentions her daughter-in-law. In the ''[[Shanti Parva]]'', the sage [[Narada]] narrates a story about the friendship of Duryodhana and [[Karna]]. Here, Karna helps his friend in abducting the daughter of Kalinga king Chitrāngada from her Swayamvar. As Duryodhana's wife is unnamed in the epic, her name is provided by the folktales.{{sfn|Sharma|2007}}

==Description in the Mahabharata==
In the [[Stri Parva]] of Mahabharata, [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]], mother of Duryodhana, describes her daughter in law to Krishna in the following manner.
{{blockquote|text=Behold, again, this sight that is more painful than the death of my son, the sight of these fair ladies weeping by the side of the slain heroes! Behold, O Krishna, the mother of Lakshmana, that lady of large hips, with her tresses dishevelled, that dear spouse of Duryodhana, resembling a sacrificial altar of gold. Without doubt, this damsel of great intelligence, while her mighty-armed lord was formerly alive, used to sport within the embrace of her lord’s handsome arms! Why, indeed, does not this heart of mine break into a hundred fragments at the sight of my son and grandson slain in battle?|title=''Gandhari''|source=Translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 17|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11016.htm|access-date=2020-11-03|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>}}

Gandhari continues:
{{blockquote|text=Alas, that faultless lady now smells (the head of) her son covered with blood. Now, again, that lady of fair thighs is gently rubbing Duryodhana’s body with her fair hand. At one time she is sorrowing for her lord and at another for her son. At one time she looketh on her lord, at another on her son. Behold, O Madhava, striking her head with her hands, she falls upon the breast of her heroic spouse, the king of the Kurus. Possessed of complexion like that of the filaments of the lotus, she still looketh beautiful like a lotus. The unfortunate princess now rubbeth the face of her son and now that of her lord.}}

== Marriage with Duryodhana ==
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Bhanumati's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==Regional stories and folktales ==
Though Bhanumati is a minor character in the original Mahabharata, she appears in many regional stories and folktales.

===The dice match with Karna===

The popular tale is a Tamil folktale and is not mentioned in the ''Mahabharata''.{{Sfn|Menon|2006|p=}} One day, Duryodhana requested Karna to take care of Bhanumati and entertain her for the evening as he had duties to be taken care of. To pass time, Karna and Bhanumati began playing a game of dice. The game soon got very interesting, engrossing the two of them completely. Gradually, Karna started winning. Meanwhile, Duryodhana returned early and entered the room. Seeing her husband come in, Bhanumati immediately stood up as a mark of respect. Karna, whose back was facing the door, did not realize this and misconstrued her intent, thinking that she was leaving because she was on the losing side.

Karna, before realizing his friend's arrival, grabbed Bhanumati's shawl and pulled her towards him. His action leads her pearl ornaments to scatter, making it more inappropriate. Her veil also slipped along with the shawl, so she was half-dressed. Bhanumati, who was as yet, not so familiar with Karna, froze at the thought of how her husband would react.

Karna, following Bhanumati's stunned gaze, turned around to see Duryodhana observing them both carefully. He stood in shame, embarrassment and guilt, considering the wrath and inevitable punishment he was going to face from his friend. He was sure Duryodhana would immediately accuse them of impropriety. However, much to both their surprise, Duryodhana looked past Karna, and addressed his wife, ''"Should I just collect the beads, or would you like me to string them, as well?”''

Bhanumati and Karna could only look at each other in shock, mutely, feeling ashamed at the way they had both severely misjudged him. He had implicit faith and great love for his queen, and even greater was his faith in his friend Karna. Not for a moment did he suspect that the man he had considered his brother would ever betray him, and only quietly picked up the pearls trustfully. This story is not present in the Vyasa Mahabharata but is often commonly told when discussing Karna and Duryodhana's genuine friendship or Duryodhana's trust towards his wife and his friend.<ref>https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/93789/5/05_chapter%203.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>{{sfn|Menon|2006}}

===Supriya's marriage===
In later stories, it is described that Bhanumati had a maid named [[Supriya (Karna's wife)|Supriya]], who was very close to her. As per the story, when Duryodhana and Karna abducted Bhanumati, Supriya also followed them. Later, when Bhanumati accepted Duryodhana as her spouse, Supriya chose Karna as her husband.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Krishnan|first=S. A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wsKlDwAAQBAJ&q=vrushali+and+supriya&pg=PA50|title=Karna, the son of Kunti: Stories from the Mahabharatha|date=2017-07-01|publisher=SA}}</ref>

===Shalya's daughter in Indonesia===
According to a folktale of Indonesia, Bhanumati is the daughter of [[Shalya]], uncle of [[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]], making her their cousins. As per the story, Bhanumati wanted to marry Arjuna but she married Duryodhana as per her father's wish. As Duryodhan was his son-in-law, Shalya supported the Kaurava side in the Kurukshetra War.{{sfn|Pattanaik|2010}}

===Bhanumati's Origin===
Bhanumati has been given 3 origins, Daughter of Shalya and Daughter of Chitrangadha, The above-mentioned is the folklore of Indonesia and it makes her plot a bit different but we also find that she is mentioned to be the daughter of Chitrangadha of Kalinga, but in some versions we find him to be the King of Kashi or Kamboj.

==In popular culture==
* In 1857 [[Kaliprasanna Singha]], then 16 years old, played Bhanumati in a Bengal performance.
* Portrayed by [[Shubhi Ahuja]] in [[Suryaputra Karn]] television series
* Portrayed by Ravneet Kaur in [[Karn Sangini]], 2018 television series
* Portrayed By [[Aarti Singh]] in the [[Mahabharata Katha|Mahabharata Katha (TV Series)]]
* Portrayed By [[Draft:Asha Shetty|Asha Shetty]] in Mahabharat 2013 TV Series.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Arvind|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnCxH85Vra4C&q=duryodhana+wife&pg=PA298|title=Essays on the Mahābhārata|date=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-2738-7|language=en}}
* {{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 11: Stri Parva: Stri-vilapa-parva: Section 17|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m11/m11016.htm|access-date=2020-11-03|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}
* {{Cite book|last=Chakravarti|first=Bishnupada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivQ6CwAAQBAJ&q=Bhanumati&pg=PT105|title=Penguin Companion to the Mahabharata|date=2007-11-13|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-93-5214-170-8|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Pattanaik|first=Devdutt|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gzN2_fu0mIYC&q=Bhanumati&pg=PA221|title=Jaya: An Illustrated Retelling of the Mahabharata|date=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-310425-4|language=en}}
* {{Cite book|last=Menon|first=Ramesh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GgCZqN_hAgC&q=duryodhana+wife&pg=PA540|title=The Mahabharata: A Modern Rendering|date=2006-07-20|publisher=iUniverse|isbn=978-0-595-84565-1|language=en}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Sudeshnavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-05T09:56:35Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Marriage with Vikarna */

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Short description|Wife of Vikarna in the Hindu Epic Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Sudeshnavati
| family = Vasantraja (father)
| spouse = [[Vikarna]]
| children = Jyotsyana (daughter)
| home = [[Trilokapura (Mahabharata)|Trilokapura]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (by marriage)
| image =
| caption =
| affiliation = [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru Queen]]
| color = #FFC569
| info-hdr = Information
}}
'''Sudeshnavati''' is the wife of [[Vikarna]], the third-most reputable of the [[Kauravas]]. Her references are mentioned in [[Mahabharata]] like her marriage with Vikarna, etc. She supported [[Vikarna]] during the [[Kurukshetra War]]. She was very loving to [[Vikarna]] but at the same time she was a arrogant woman. She is mentioned in [[Shanti Parva]] and [[Stri Parva]] and sometimes, her sister Indumati was a favourite of [[Vikarna]]. Thus, this marriage ended with happiness.

In the ''Mahabharata'', Vikarna's wife is mentioned thrice, she was a beautiful lady with hips that [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] had mentioned. She was the beautiful daughter in law of [[Dhritarashra]] and queen [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] but her case was like sister, [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]] or like [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)|Bhanumati]] because she was kidnapped by [[Vikarna]] forcefully from her kingdomand took her with the help of his elder brother, [[Duryodhana]].

Hence, Sudeshnavati had agreed to marry [[Vikarna]] and married him in the [[Hastinapura]].

==Textual sources and development==
Sudeshnavati is never described directly in the ''Mahabharata'' as she is described in the other versions. Gandhari described her too many times but still her beauty was finally described by her.
Some adaptions of [[Mahabharata]] say that Princess [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]] is the first daughter of [[Shalya]], Princess Tejashree is the second daughter and Sudeshnavati is the third. In Indonesia traditions, her name is changed and is mentioned as "Sudisinawati". But her name in [[Hindu]] traditions remains Sudeshnavati only.

Shalya's wife Avantini was the mother of three sons but stories mentions two wives of [[Kauravas]] that is - Bhanumati and Sudeshnavati as their daughter.

==Marriage with Vikarna==
[[Narada]] narrates the story of [[Vikarna]] and Sudeshnavati in the [[Baalkanda]], a story that had described the marriage of [[Duryodhana]] and [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]] and [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]]. This story also describes the another epic "[[Ramayana]]" about the marriage of [[Rama]] and [[Sita]]. In the Trilokapura Kingdom, Vasantraja had organized a swayamvara for his daughter, Sudeshnavati when she came with a beautiful garland in her hand, she rejected [[Vikarna]] bur he didn't accept her rejection and kidnapped her without her wish. Sage Narada narrates the story without taking the name of the princess. She was originally unnamed— in the epic but her references are added in the other versions.

===Comparing Bhanumati with Sudeshnavati===
Bhanumati and Sudeshnavati's complexion were same but as compared to Indumati, she was less arrogant and was shy. In the folktales, Sudeshnavati used to play hide and seek as a aunt to [[Laxman Kumara]], Lakshmanaa loved her mother, Mayuri as Bhanumati was ill in some other versions. Duryodhana was very sad but Karna's choice was Mayuri, whom she married [[Duryodhana]] and took care of [[Laxman Kumara]].

==Friendship with Bhanumati==
Her friendship with Bhanumati was a complex as her beauty attracted [[Vikarna]] and that's how their love story began in the [[Hindu]] epic [[Mahabharata]]. Bhanumati had many friends including Padmavati, Vrushali, Geeta and her so called sister, Mayuri.

She was a favorite of [[Vikarna]] and there is no mention thar she married a another man but acceptionally, she loved [[Vikarna]] at the bottom of his heart. She wanted to marry [[Yudhishthira]] but unfortunately, she married [[Vikarna]]. She had no complaints about him and adjusted. Vikarna told his beautiful life, i.e his wife -

{{Blockquote|My dear Sudeshnavati, you are the miracle of my heart, I'll never think of ever leaving you alone. Your love with my sister-in-law, Bhanumati was a sister like feeling|Vikarna|Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Regional folklores or folktales==
===The dice match with Karna===
Earlier, folktales used to describe [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]] playing with [[Karna]], but now the version has changed and now they describe Sudeshnavati playing with Karna. [[Vikarna]] had asked [[Karna]] to take care of his dearly wife, Sudeshnavati. Instead of taking care, Karna and Sudeshnavati started playing the dice game.

Meanwhile, Vikarna returns after his work was done. When Vikarna almost came in the room, Sudeshnavati went running. But, [[Karna]] pulled her ''pallu'' that is the saree drape. Her necklace fell down but [[Vikarna]] had no injustice against his wives and his elder brother's friend. He gave the necklace to his wife in a mannerly way. Bhanumati used to talk with Sudeshnavati often when their husband's were not there, Mayuri too joined in their discussion.

Lakshmana Kumara

2023-05-04T16:25:44Z

Liona Fernandes: /* In folklore */

{{Short description|Son of Duryodhana in the Indian epic Mahabharata}}
{{about|the character of Mahabharata|other uses|Lakshman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| color = #FFC569
| info-hdr=Information
| name = Laxman Kumara
| image = Abhimanyu Kilss Lakshmana.jpg
| caption = Abhimanyu kills Lakshmana
| family = {{ubl|[[Duryodhana]] (father) [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]] (mother)
[[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]](Sister)}}
| relatives = [[Dhritrashtra]] (Grandfather) [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]](Grandmother) other Kauravas, [[Pandavas]](Uncles), [[Dushala]] (Aunt)|spouse=Sirat (Daughter of [[Dushasana]])}}

In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', '''Lakshmana Kumara''' (also spelled '''Laxman(a)''') was the son of [[Duryodhana]] and Mayuri and grandson of [[Dhritarashtra]] and Gandhari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/iml/iml23.htm |title=Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter XVIII. The Battle of Eighteen Days |publisher=Sacred-texts.com }}</ref> He had a twin sister called [[Lakshmanaa]] who was kidnapped by [[Samba (Krishna's son)]]. Only few mentions of Lakshmana are there the ''Mahabharata''. He was the one who killed [[Kshatradeva]], [[Shikhandi]]'s son, on the twelfth day of the [[Kurukshetra War]], while himself being slain on the 13th day of the war by [[Abhimanyu]] who decapitated him using the ''nagashirastra''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urday.in/mchakravyuh.htm |title=MAHABHARATA - Chakravyuh Abhimanyu`s Death |publisher=Urday.in |access-date=2012-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611120140/http://www.urday.in/mchakravyuh.htm |archive-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07043.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Abhimanyu-badha Parva: Section XLIV |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref>

==In folklore==

In [[Telugu people|Telugu]] folklore, not present in ''Mahabharata'', [[Sasirekha Parinayam|Vatsala]] (Sashirekha), the daughter of [[Balarama]], is betrothed to the [[Pandava]] prince [[Abhimanyu]]. Abhimanyu is the son of [[Krishna]]'s sister [[Subhadra]] and (Krishna's close friend) the [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]]. So initially the marriage of Vatsala is to be performed with Abhimanyu but when Abhimanyu's father [[Arjuna]] goes into exile Balarama's wife [[Revati]] says that Arjuna has no kingdom left and a prince without a kingdom may well be a commoner. Balarama thinks about it and feels that his wife is right and that he is supposed to think about the welfare of his daughter to break off the marriage with Abhimanyu.

Balarama arranges it instead with Duryodhana's son Laxman. Abhimanyu learns of this and is annoyed. Abhimanyu asks his maternal uncle- Balarama's brother and Arjuna's ally, [[Krishna]] to intervene. Krishna says he cannot do so but he should ask help from his first cousin [[Ghatotkacha]] - the half-demon son of Arjuna's brother [[Bhima]] who lives in Varnavat. Abhimanyu sets out to Varnavat and meets his cousin's brother and tells him why he seeks his help. Ghatotkacha is furious at Balarama because he wants to keep an alliance with the very people who were the cause of the Pandavas' misery. Meanwhile, the marriage preparations take place at Balarama's house. Ghatotkacha hatches a plan to get Vatsala and Abhimanyu married.

Ghatotkacha goes disguised as Vatsala to the marriage ceremony. He clamps Laxman's arm, scaring Laxman who promptly faints. Laxman vows never to marry. The real Vatsala has been transported by Ghatotkacha to Varnavat where Abhimanyu awaits. The couple's marriage is celebrated. When Duryodhana learns that Abhimanyu has married Vatsala, he is infuriated and thus his anger toward the Pandavas is further fuelled. He then later marries Sirat, the daughter of [[Dushasana]] and [[Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)|Nirjara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=11706 |title=Balarama is Abhimanyu’s Father-In-Law: A Study In Folk Mahabharata by Indrajit Bandyopadhyay |publisher=Boloji.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://devdutt.com/articles/mahabharata/caught-in-a-whirlpool.html |title=Caught in a Whirlpool : Devdutt Pattanaik |publisher=Devdutt.com |date=2009-12-27 |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Duryodhana]]
{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Lakshmana Kumara

2023-05-04T16:24:11Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Short description|Son of Duryodhana in the Indian epic Mahabharata}}
{{about|the character of Mahabharata|other uses|Lakshman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox character
| color = #FFC569
| info-hdr=Information
| name = Laxman Kumara
| image = Abhimanyu Kilss Lakshmana.jpg
| caption = Abhimanyu kills Lakshmana
| family = {{ubl|[[Duryodhana]] (father) [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]] (mother)
[[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]](Sister)}}
| relatives = [[Dhritrashtra]] (Grandfather) [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]](Grandmother) other Kauravas, [[Pandavas]](Uncles), [[Dushala]] (Aunt)|spouse=Sirat (Daughter of [[Dushasana]])}}

In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', '''Lakshmana Kumara''' (also spelled '''Laxman(a)''') was the son of [[Duryodhana]] and Mayuri and grandson of [[Dhritarashtra]] and Gandhari.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/iml/iml23.htm |title=Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter XVIII. The Battle of Eighteen Days |publisher=Sacred-texts.com }}</ref> He had a twin sister called [[Lakshmanaa]] who was kidnapped by [[Samba (Krishna's son)]]. Only few mentions of Lakshmana are there the ''Mahabharata''. He was the one who killed [[Kshatradeva]], [[Shikhandi]]'s son, on the twelfth day of the [[Kurukshetra War]], while himself being slain on the 13th day of the war by [[Abhimanyu]] who decapitated him using the ''nagashirastra''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.urday.in/mchakravyuh.htm |title=MAHABHARATA - Chakravyuh Abhimanyu`s Death |publisher=Urday.in |access-date=2012-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611120140/http://www.urday.in/mchakravyuh.htm |archive-date=11 June 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07043.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Abhimanyu-badha Parva: Section XLIV |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref>

==In folklore==

In [[Telugu people|Telugu]] folklore, not present in ''Mahabharata'', [[Sasirekha Parinayam|Vatsala]] (Sashirekha), the daughter of [[Balarama]], is betrothed to the [[Pandava]] prince [[Abhimanyu]]. Abhimanyu is the son of [[Krishna]]'s sister [[Subhadra]] and (Krishna's close friend) the [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]]. So initially the marriage of Vatsala is to be performed with Abhimanyu but when Abhimanyu's father [[Arjuna]] goes into exile Balarama's wife [[Revati]] says that Arjuna has no kingdom left and a prince without a kingdom may well be a commoner. Balarama thinks about it and feels that his wife is right and that he is supposed to think about the welfare of his daughter to break off the marriage with Abhimanyu.

Balarama arranges it instead with Duryodhana's son Laxman. Abhimanyu learns of this and is annoyed. Abhimanyu asks his maternal uncle- Balarama's brother and Arjuna's ally, [[Krishna]] to intervene. Krishna says he cannot do so but he should ask help from his first cousin [[Ghatotkacha]] - the half-demon son of Arjuna's brother [[Bhima]] who lives in Varnavat. Abhimanyu sets out to Varnavat and meets his cousin's brother and tells him why he seeks his help. Ghatotkacha is furious at Balarama because he wants to keep an alliance with the very people who were the cause of the Pandavas' misery. Meanwhile, the marriage preparations take place at Balarama's house. Ghatotkacha hatches a plan to get Vatsala and Abhimanyu married.

Ghatotkacha goes disguised as Vatsala to the marriage ceremony. He clamps Laxman's arm, scaring Laxman who promptly faints. Laxman vows never to marry. The real Vatsala has been transported by Ghatotkacha to Varnavat where Abhimanyu awaits. The couple's marriage is celebrated. When Duryodhana learns that Abhimanyu has married Vatsala, he is infuriated and thus his anger toward the Pandavas is further fuelled.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boloji.com/index.cfm?md=Content&sd=Articles&ArticleID=11706 |title=Balarama is Abhimanyu’s Father-In-Law: A Study In Folk Mahabharata by Indrajit Bandyopadhyay |publisher=Boloji.com |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://devdutt.com/articles/mahabharata/caught-in-a-whirlpool.html |title=Caught in a Whirlpool : Devdutt Pattanaik |publisher=Devdutt.com |date=2009-12-27 |access-date=2012-08-26}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Duryodhana]]
{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)

2023-05-04T16:22:15Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Story of the Shanti Parva */

In the [[Hindu]] epic [[Mahabharata]], '''Nirjara''' or '''Nirjaraa''', or '''Manavati''' was the fifth consort of [[Dushasana]], and a princess who killed many warriors including Satadanwa , Asoka, etc. It may also say, Nirjara (alias Manavati) was also called '''[[Dhanishtha]]''' which is a [[nakshatra]] in [[Hinduism]]. Princess Nirjara came in the [[Kurukshetra War]], but finally fought with [[Dushasana]], which has a context about her in the [[Stri Parva]]. [[Shanti Parva]] mentions her emotions like a warrior. Infact, she was a warrior, and she adopted the title "Maharathi", in which she was later known as ''Maharathi Nirjara'' (meaning warrior Nirjara). She was the princess of [[Dholakpura]], which is mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] also. As a warrior, she pierced a arrow in Dushasana's neck but finally he marries her in the [[Hastinapura]], which has the information about [[Dushasana]]'s marriage in the [[Shanti Parva]]. Nirjara was also a short tempered woman who later resulted in the marriage of [[Kaurava]] [[Dushasana]] and later became his wife. They later have a son named Duryodhana (not to be confused with the Kaurava [[Duryodhana]]) and a daughter named Sirat.

==War==
===Story of the Shanti Parva===
Finally, Suddenly, a beautiful princess named Nirjara appears in the [[Bharatayuddha]], in which every warrior is shocked to see a woman in the war. In that war,[[Duryodhana]], Vikarna, Jalagandha and many [[Kauravas]] were present. Firstly, Nirjara challenged [[Karna]] to fight with her but [[Karna]] is shooted with Nirjara's arrows. [[Duryodhana]] and [[Ashwatthama]] were also shooted with her arrows. But, finally [[Dushasana]] comes to fight with her. Nirjara and Dushasana keep fighting and fighting. Nobody winning and nobody losing. Nirjara finally stops shooting [[Dushasana]]. Dushasana shoots her with one arrow when finally Nirjara loses the war. Later, she married him and became the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].

==Nirjara's offspring==
Nirjara and [[Dushasana]] had a son named Duryodhana and a daughter named Sirat. She later married [[Laxman Kumara]].

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
{{Mahabharata}}

Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)

2023-05-04T16:21:39Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Story of the Shanti Parva */

In the [[Hindu]] epic [[Mahabharata]], '''Nirjara''' or '''Nirjaraa''', or '''Manavati''' was the fifth consort of [[Dushasana]], and a princess who killed many warriors including Satadanwa , Asoka, etc. It may also say, Nirjara (alias Manavati) was also called '''[[Dhanishtha]]''' which is a [[nakshatra]] in [[Hinduism]]. Princess Nirjara came in the [[Kurukshetra War]], but finally fought with [[Dushasana]], which has a context about her in the [[Stri Parva]]. [[Shanti Parva]] mentions her emotions like a warrior. Infact, she was a warrior, and she adopted the title "Maharathi", in which she was later known as ''Maharathi Nirjara'' (meaning warrior Nirjara). She was the princess of [[Dholakpura]], which is mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] also. As a warrior, she pierced a arrow in Dushasana's neck but finally he marries her in the [[Hastinapura]], which has the information about [[Dushasana]]'s marriage in the [[Shanti Parva]]. Nirjara was also a short tempered woman who later resulted in the marriage of [[Kaurava]] [[Dushasana]] and later became his wife. They later have a son named Duryodhana (not to be confused with the Kaurava [[Duryodhana]]) and a daughter named Sirat.

==War==
===Story of the Shanti Parva===
Finally, Suddenly, a beautiful princess named Nirjara appears in the [[Bharatayuddha]], in which every warrior is shocked to see a woman in the war. In that war,[[Duryodhana]], Vikarna, Jalagandha and many [[Kauravas]] were present. Firstly, Nirjara challenged [[Karna]] to fight with her but [[Karna]] is shooted with Nirjara's arrows. [[Duryodhana]] and [[Ashwatthama]] were also shooted with her arrows. But, finally [[Dushasana]] comes to fight with her. Nirjara and Dushasana keep fighting and fighting. Nobody winning and nobody losing. Nirjara finally stops shooting [[Dushasana]]. Dushasana shoots her with one arrow when finally Nirjara loses the war. Later, she married him and became the daughter of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].

==Nirjara's offspring==
Nirjara and [[Dushasana]] had a son named Duryodhana and a daughter named Sirat. She later married [[Laxman Kumara]].

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
{{Mahabharata}}

Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)

2023-05-04T16:16:39Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Story of the Shanti Parva */

In the [[Hindu]] epic [[Mahabharata]], '''Nirjara''' or '''Nirjaraa''', or '''Manavati''' was the fifth consort of [[Dushasana]], and a princess who killed many warriors including Satadanwa , Asoka, etc. It may also say, Nirjara (alias Manavati) was also called '''[[Dhanishtha]]''' which is a [[nakshatra]] in [[Hinduism]]. Princess Nirjara came in the [[Kurukshetra War]], but finally fought with [[Dushasana]], which has a context about her in the [[Stri Parva]]. [[Shanti Parva]] mentions her emotions like a warrior. Infact, she was a warrior, and she adopted the title "Maharathi", in which she was later known as ''Maharathi Nirjara'' (meaning warrior Nirjara). She was the princess of [[Dholakpura]], which is mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] also. As a warrior, she pierced a arrow in Dushasana's neck but finally he marries her in the [[Hastinapura]], which has the information about [[Dushasana]]'s marriage in the [[Shanti Parva]]. Nirjara was also a short tempered woman who later resulted in the marriage of [[Kaurava]] [[Dushasana]] and later became his wife. They later have a son named Duryodhana (not to be confused with the Kaurava [[Duryodhana]]) and a daughter named Sirat.

==War==
===Story of the Shanti Parva===
Finally, Suddenly, a beautiful princess named Nirjara appears in the [[Bharatayuddha]], in which every warrior is shocked to see a woman in the war. In that war,[[Duryodhana]], Vikarna, Jalagandha and many [[Kauravas]] were present. Firstly, Nirjara challenged [[Karna]] to fight with her but [[Karna]] is shooted with Nirjara's arrows. [[Duryodhana]] and [[Ashwatthama]] were also shooted with her arrows. But, finally [[Dushasana]] comes to fight with her. Nirjara and Dushasana keep fighting and fighting. Nobody winning and nobody losing. Nirjara finally stops shooting [[Dushasana]]. Dushasana shoots her with one arrow whrn finally Nirjara loses the war. Later, she married him and became the daughter of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]].

==Nirjara's offspring==
Nirjara and [[Dushasana]] had a son named Duryodhana and a daughter named Sirat. She later married [[Laxman Kumara]].

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
{{Mahabharata}}

Template:Mahabharata

2023-05-04T16:01:34Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{navbox
| name = Mahabharata
| title = ''[[Mahabharata]]''
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| basestyle = background-color:#FFC569; 
| image = [[File:Kurukshetra.jpg|right|175px]]
| listclass = hlist

|group1 = [[The 18 parvas|Books (''parva''s)]]
|list1 =
* [[Adi Parva|Adi]]
* [[Sabha Parva|Sabha]]
* [[Vana Parva|Vana]]
* [[Virata Parva|Virata]]
* [[Udyoga Parva|Udyoga]]
* [[Bhishma Parva|Bhishma]]
* [[Drona Parva|Drona]]
* [[Karna Parva|Karna]]
* [[Shalya Parva|Shalya]]
* [[Sauptika Parva|Sauptika]]
* [[Stri Parva|Stri]]
* [[Shanti Parva|Shanti]]
* [[Anushasana Parva|Anushasana]]
* [[Ashvamedhika Parva|Ashvamedhika]]
* [[Ashramavasika Parva|Ashramavasika]]
* [[Mausala Parva|Mausala]]
* [[Mahaprasthanika Parva|Mahaprasthanika]]
* [[Svargarohana Parva|Svargarohana]]
* [[Harivamsa]]

|group2 = [[Kuru Kingdom]]
|list2 =
* [[Shantanu]]
* [[Ganga in Hinduism|Ganga]]
* [[Bhishma]]
* [[Satyavati]]
* [[Chitrāngada]]
* [[Vichitravirya]]
* [[Ambika (Mahabharata)|Ambika]]
* [[Ambalika]]
* [[Vidura]]
* [[Dhritarashtra]]
* [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]
* [[Pandu]]
* [[Kunti]]
* [[Madri]]
* [[Pandava]]s
** [[Yudhisthira]]
** [[Bhima]]
** [[Arjuna]]
** [[Nakula]]
** [[Sahadeva]]
* [[Draupadi]]
* [[Hidimbi]]
* [[Ulupi]]
* [[Chitrāngadā]]
* [[Subhadra]]
* [[Kaurava]]s
** [[Duryodhana]]
** [[Dushasana]]
** [[Vikarna]]
** [[Yuyutsu]]
** [[Duhsala|Dushala]]
* [[Upapandavas]]
* [[Ghatotkacha]]
* [[Abhimanyu]]
* [[Uttarā (Mahabharata)|Uttarā]]
* [[Laxman Kumara]]
* [[Parikshit]]
* [[Janamejaya II|Janamejaya]]

|group3 = Other characters
|list3 =
* [[Amba (Mahabharata)|Amba]]
* [[Ashwatthama]]
* [[Balarama]]
* [[Bhagadatta]]
* [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]]
* [[Chitrasena_(Mahabharata)|Chitrasena]]
* [[Damayanti]]
* [[Dhrishtadyumna]]
* [[Drona]]
* [[Drupada]]
* [[Durvasa]]
* [[Dushyanta]]
* [[Ekalavya]]
* [[Hidimba]]
* [[Jarasandha]]
* [[Jayadratha]]
* [[Karna]]
* [[Kichaka]]
* [[Kripa]]
* [[Krishna]]
* [[Kritavarma]]
* [[Mayasura]]
* [[Markandeya]]
* [[Nahusha]]
* [[Nala]]
* [[Pururavas]]
* [[Sanjaya]]
* [[Satyaki]]
* [[Savitri and Satyavan]]
* [[Shakuni]]
* [[Shakuntala]]
* [[Shalya]]
* [[Shikhandi]]
* [[Shishupala]]
* [[Bahlika (Mahabharata)|Bahlika]]
* [[Sudeshna]]
* [[Urvashi]]
* [[Uttara_(Mahabharata)|Uttara Kumara]]
* [[Virata]]
* [[Vrishasena]]
* [[Vyasa]]
* [[Yayati]]
* [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]]
* [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]]
* [[Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)|Nirjara]]
*''[[Characters in the Mahabharata|more]]''

|group4 = Related articles
|list4 =
* [[Avatars in the Mahabharata|Avatars]]
* [[Hastinapur]]
* [[Indraprastha]]
* [[Epic India|Kingdoms]]
* [[Kurukshetra War]]
* ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]''
* [[Padmavyuha]]
* [[Vedic-Puranic chronology]]

|belowstyle = background:#FFC569; 
|below =
{{icon|CAT}}[[:Category:Mahabharata|Category]]
}}
<noinclude>
{{collapsible option}}
[[Category:Hinduism templates]]
[[Category:Poetry navigational boxes]]

</noinclude>

Nirjara (wife of Dushasana)

2023-05-04T15:59:08Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "In the Hindu epic Mahabharata, '''Nirjara''' or '''Nirjaraa''', or '''Manavati''' was the fifth consort of Dushasana, and a princess who killed many warriors including Satadanwa , Asoka, etc. It may also say, Nirjara (alias Manavati) was also called '''Dhanishtha''' which is a nakshatra in Hinduism. Princess Nirjara came in the Kurukshetra War, but finally fought with Dushasana, which has a context about her in the Stri Parva. Shanti..."

In the [[Hindu]] epic [[Mahabharata]], '''Nirjara''' or '''Nirjaraa''', or '''Manavati''' was the fifth consort of [[Dushasana]], and a princess who killed many warriors including Satadanwa , Asoka, etc. It may also say, Nirjara (alias Manavati) was also called '''[[Dhanishtha]]''' which is a [[nakshatra]] in [[Hinduism]]. Princess Nirjara came in the [[Kurukshetra War]], but finally fought with [[Dushasana]], which has a context about her in the [[Stri Parva]]. [[Shanti Parva]] mentions her emotions like a warrior. Infact, she was a warrior, and she adopted the title "Maharathi", in which she was later known as ''Maharathi Nirjara'' (meaning warrior Nirjara). She was the princess of [[Dholakpura]], which is mentioned in the [[Mahabharata]] also. As a warrior, she pierced a arrow in Dushasana's neck but finally he marries her in the [[Hastinapura]], which has the information about [[Dushasana]]'s marriage in the [[Shanti Parva]]. Nirjara was also a short tempered woman who later resulted in the marriage of [[Kaurava]] [[Dushasana]] and later became his wife. They later have a son named Duryodhana (not to be confused with the Kaurava [[Duryodhana]]) and a daughter named Sirat.

==War==
===Story of the Shanti Parva===
Finally, Suddenly, a beautiful princess named Nirjara appears in the [[Bharatayuddha]], in which every warrior is shocked to see a woman in the war. In that war,[[Duryodhana]], Vikarna, Jalagandha and many [[Kauravas]] were present. Firstly, Nirjara challenged [[Karna]] to fight with her but [[Karna]] is shooted with Nirjara's arrows. [[Duryodhana]] and [[Ashwatthama]] were also shooted with her arrows. But, finally [[Dushasana]] comes to fight with her. Nirjara and Dushasana keep fighting and fighting. Nobody winning and nobody losing. Nirjara finally stops shooting [[Dushasana]]. Dushasana shoots her with one arrow whrn finally Nirjara loses the war. Later, she married him and became the daughter of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gnadhari]].

==Nirjara's offspring==
Nirjara and [[Dushasana]] had a son named Duryodhana and a daughter named Sirat. She later married [[Laxman Kumara]].

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
{{Mahabharata}}

Draft:Banasena

2023-05-03T14:40:50Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Banasena to Banasena

#REDIRECT [[Banasena]]

Banasena

2023-05-03T14:40:49Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Draft:Banasena to Banasena

{{No references|date=November 2022}}
Banasena was the son of [[Karna]], and he was excellent in handling weapons during the war. He was killed by [[Bhima]] during the Kurukshetra war. But [[Bhima]] allowed [[Karna]] to take his son’s body in order to perform funeral to him. Banasena was mentioned in the Mahabharata as a handsome and a brave warrior. Similar to his father, he was also a generous person, and he used to daily provide food to the people who visit his palace. He was very much liked by [[Karna]]’s friend [[Duryodhana]], and [[Duryodhana]] treated him similar to his own son.

Though he disliked [[Pandavas]], but he kept great respect on females, and considered them as the incarnations of Ma Shakti Devi. When [[Draupadi]] was insulted by the [[Kauravas]], Banasena stood in the place by keeping sympathy on Ma [[Draupadi]]. He was shocked by the act of [[Dushasana]], but since he was a small boy, he didn’t express his feelings and he kept quiet. He also knew about Lord [[Krishna]] that he is an avatar of Lord [[Vishnu]]. After becoming a young man, he raised various questions to his father [[Karna]], about the partiality shown between the [[Kauravas]] and [[Pandavas]]. [[Karna]] being an affectionate friend of [[Duryodhana]], ignored him, and he didn’t reply to him properly.

There are various characters in Mahabharata, and most of the warriors have attained salvation due to their heroic death. Since Banasena was killed by Bhima during the battle field, and since Bhima was an AMSHA of Lord Vayu Dev, after his death, he went to the abode of Lord Indra, the Swarka Loka. Yudhishtra was very much worried about the death of Banasena, since he was a young man.

Most of the characters in Mahabharata were lived in the Swarka Loka during their previous births. After their death during the Kurukshetra war, they went back to the Swarka Loka. Those who read about the life history of the great warriors like Banasena would get goodness in their lives.

{{Infobox character
| family = [[Karna]] (father), [[Draft:Wives of Karna|Padmavati]] (mother), [[Vrishaketu]], [[Vrishasena]], Sushena, Srutasena (brothers), Ratnamala (sister)
| spouse = Uma (Daughter of [[Vikarna]])
| weapon = [[Gada (Bludgeon)|Gada (Mace)]], [[Sword]]
| colour = #FFC569
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = Karna Putra
}}

==See also==
* [[Duryodhana]]
* [[Krishna]]
{{Mahabharata}}

Chitrasena

2023-05-03T14:30:18Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "'''Chitrasena''' was a Kaurava, who was led by his elder brother, Duryodhana. He was the son of Dhritarashtra and Gandhari. He was also jealous likke his elder brother, Duryodhana about Yudhishthira and the rest of the Pandavas. He was also present in the Draupadi Vastraharan but had no mercy for his sister-in-law. It is meanly mentioned that Chitrasena married Charumati. Chitrasena and Charumati had a unnamed d..."

'''Chitrasena''' was a [[Kaurava]], who was led by his elder brother, [[Duryodhana]]. He was the son of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari]]. He was also jealous likke his elder brother, [[Duryodhana]] about [[Yudhishthira]] and the rest of the [[Pandavas]]. He was also present in the [[Draupadi]] Vastraharan but had no mercy for his sister-in-law. It is meanly mentioned that Chitrasena married [[Charumati (Mahabharata)|Charumati]]. Chitrasena and Charumati had a unnamed daughter but she is not mentioned in sources. Some name her Sulakshana or '''Sumitra'''.

{{stub}}
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Draft:Vershini

2023-05-03T14:03:49Z

Liona Fernandes: Liona Fernandes moved page Vershini to Draft:Vershini

was the wife of [[KingRomapada

Draft:Vershini

2023-05-03T14:03:30Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "was the wife of KingRomapada"

was the wife of [[KingRomapada

Sudeshnavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-02T12:37:05Z

Liona Fernandes:

Sudeshnavati (Mahabharata)

2023-05-02T12:16:21Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}} {{Short description|Wife of Vikarna in the Hindu Epic Mahabharata}} {{Infobox character | name = Sudeshnavati | family = Vasantraja (father) | spouse = Vikarna | children = Jyotsyana (daughter) | home = Trilokapura (by birth), Hastinapura (by marriage) | image = The spouse of Vikarn, described to the fairest of all.jpg | caption = Illustration of Sudeshnavati | affi..."

Vikarna

2023-05-02T10:45:33Z

Liona Fernandes: Mridula is not the wife of vikarna nor she is a character of mahabharata

{{use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{short description|Character in the Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Vikarna
| image = File:The three main Kaurava.jpg
| info-hdr=Information
| caption = Vikarna sitting at the corner (left) with [[Duryodhana]] (centre) and [[Dussasana]] (right)
| weapon = [[Bow and Arrow]]
| family = [[Dhritarashtra]] (father) [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] (mother), [[Duryodhana]], [[Dushasana]], 97 other (brothers), [[Duhsala]] (sister) and [[Yuyutsu]] (half-brother) 
| color = #FFC569
| spouse = [[Sudeshnavati (Mahabharata)|Sudeshnavati]] and [[Indumati (Mahabharata)|Indumati]]
}}

In the [[Hindu epic]] ''[[Mahabharata]]'', '''Vikarna''' ({{lang-sa|विकर्ण}}) was third [[Kaurava]], son of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] and a brother to the [[crown prince]] [[Duryodhana]]. Vikarna is universally referred to as the third-most reputable of Kauravas. Usually, he is also indicated as the third-oldest son, but in other sources, the "third-strongest" reputation remained and it is implied that Vikarna is just one of Gandhari's 100 children (after [[Duryodhana]] and [[Dussasana]]). Vikarna was the only [[Kaurava]] who questioned the humiliation of [[Draupadi]], the wife of his cousin [[Pandavas]] after they lost her in a game of dice to Duryodhana.

==Etymology==
{{unreferenced section|date=April 2020}}
The word ''Vikarna'' has two meanings. Basically it is made from two words. First word is ''vinā'' ({{lang|sa|विना}}) or ''vishāla'' ({{lang|sa|विशाल}}), while second word is ''karna'' ({{lang|sa|कर्ण}}. ''vinā'' means 'without' and ''vishāla'' means 'large'. And ''karna'' means 'ears'. So this name contains two meanings. Either it is 'the one who is earless' or 'large eared'. This could say something about his character. It is possible that the name Vikarna basically came from his character of either not listening to anyone(self-esteemed) or who listens and captures wisdom through his (large)ears.

==Growing up==

Vikarna was one of [[Dronacharya]]'s students who excelled in archery like Arjuna. On completing their training, Drona asked the [[Kauravas]] to bring him [[Drupada]] as a [[Dakshina|guru dakshina]]. [[Duryodhana]], [[Dushasana]], [[Yuyutsu]], Vikarna, and the remaining Kauravas with the [[Hastinapura]] army attacked [[Panchala|Pañchala]]. Their attack was repelled. Vikarna and his brothers were forced to flee and abandon the field.<ref>''The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa'', trl. into English by P.C. Roy, New Delhi 1972, pp. 291-92</ref>

==Game of dice==
During the infamous [[Pachisi|dice game]] of the [[Mahabharatha]], Vikarna raised his voice against the game as a whole, and specifically, at the mistreatment of [[Draupadi]], his sister-in-law. Vikarna echoed the questions Draupadi had already asked the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru]] elders, demanding that her questions be answered. His protests were met with silence, even from wise elders like [[Bhishma]] and [[Dronacharya]].

In the silence, and depending on the version of the story, [[Karna]] later rebuked and taunted Vikarna for his outburst. Vikarna quietly replied:

{{quote| The sister-in-law's insult is an affront to the entire Kuru clan. If her questions are not answered, our line is doomed.|Vikarna|<ref name="google">{{cite book|title=Mahabharata|author=Rajagopalachari, C.|date=1974|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_MfAAAAMAAJ|access-date=2015-03-13}}</ref>}}

==Death==
Despite his misgivings, Vikarna fights for [[Duryodhana]] during the [[Kurukshetra War]]. [[Bhishma]] names him as one of the great warriors on the [[Kaurava]] side. Mentioned throughout the war, Vikarna has a few notable moments. On the fourth day of the war, he attempts to check [[Abhimanyu|Abhimanyu's]] advance, and is severely repulsed. On the fifth day of the war, he attempts to break the [[Mahismati|King of Mahismati's]] defense of the [[Pandava]] formation, and is unsuccessful. On the seventh day, he covers the retreat of his brothers from [[Bhima|Bhima's]] rampage. On the tenth day, he attempts to prevent [[Arjuna]] and [[Shikhandi]] from reaching Bhishma, but is counter-checked by [[Drupada]].

On the thirteenth day of the war, depending on the version of the story, Vikarna is either a silent bystander in the slaying of Abhimanyu or an active participant. On the fourteenth day, [[Arjuna]] navigates the [[chakravyuha]] of [[Drona]], in order to reach and kill [[Jayadratha]] before sunset. Duryodhana sends Vikarna to check Bhima's advance. Bhima, who had sworn to kill all of [[Dhritarashtra|Dhritarashtra's]] true-born (100) sons, calls Vikarna a man of [[dharma]] and advises him to step aside. Vikarna replies that even knowing that the Kauravas would not win a war against a side with [[Krishna|Sri Krishna]] on it, he cannot forsake Duryodhana. Pleadingly, Bhima reminds him of the dice game, where Vikarna had criticized his brother. Vikarna replied:

{{quote|That was my duty then, and this is my duty now. Fight me, o son of [[Vayu]]!|Vikarna challenging Bhima|<ref name="google"/>}}

Bhima quickly dispatches Vikarna; in some versions of the story Vikarna asks for Bhima to perform his last rites. His death brings tears to the eyes of Bhima. After his death, Bhima laments:

{{quote|Alas, O Vikarna, you were just and knew what was dharma! You fought in loyal obedience to the call of duty. Indeed this battle is a curse upon us wherein men like you...have had to be slaughtered.|Bhima upon Vikarna's death|}}

==Analysis==
Vikarna is somewhat comparable to [[Kumbhakarna]] from the [[Ramayana]]. Both Vikarna and Kumbhakarna acknowledged that their elder brother's actions are against [[dharma]] but ultimately they remained loyal to [[Duryodhana]] and [[Ravana]] respectively. [[Yuyutsu]] had the same ideology and mindset that of Vikarna. Yuyutsu also felt that Duryodhana's actions are wrong; however, he defected to [[Pandavas]] at the onset of [[Kurukshetra war]]; Yuyutsu's equivalent in the Ramayana is [[Vibhishana]].<ref>Critical Perspectives on the Rāmāyaṇa. Jaydipsinh Dodiya Sarup & Sons, Jan 1, 2001 - Hindu literature, Sanskrit - 297 pages</ref>

== Literature ==
*''Vikarna'' in: M.M.S. Shastri Chitrao (1964), ''Bharatavarshiya Prachin Charitrakosha'' (Dictionary of Ancient Indian Biography, in Hindi), Pune, p. 839
*''Vikarna'' in: Wilfried Huchzermeyer (2018), ''Studies in the Mahabharata. Indian Culture, Dharma and Spirituality in the Great Epic.'' Karlsruhe, pp. 58–63. {{ISBN|978-3-931172-32-9}}, or E-Book

==References==
*Mahabharata by [[C. Rajagopalachari]]

{{reflist}}

{{Mahabharata}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Dushasana

2023-05-02T10:40:17Z

Liona Fernandes: Medha is not mayuri's cousin

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2014}}
{{short description|One of the Kauravas in the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| info-hdr = Information
| alt = Dushasana
| image = Draupadi dragged from her chamber.jpg
| caption = Dushasana dragging Draupadi from her chamber, an early 20th illustration by [[Evelyn Paul]]
| children = [[Drumasena]] Bharat
| family = {{ubl|[[Dhritarashtra]] (father)|[[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]] (mother)|[[Duryodhana]], [[Vikarna]] and 97 others brothers|[[Duhsala]] (sister)|[[Yuyutsu]] (half-brother)}}
| color = #FFC569
| spouse =
}}

'''Dushasana''' ({{lang-sa|दुःशासन}}, {{IAST|Duḥśāsana}}, {{lit|hard to rule}}), also spelled as '''Dussasana''' and '''Duhsasana''', is an antagonist of the [[Hindu epic]], ''[[Mahabharata]]''. He was one of the [[Kaurava]] princes and the younger brother of [[Duryodhana]].

==Etymology==

The name is often derived from two elements, the Sanskrit: duh "hard" and sasana, meaning "rule". So the word ''Duhshasana'' means "Hard to rule" or "unbounded".<ref>https://books.google.co.in/books?id=7wJBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA98&dq=drupada+sons&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj20szk3truAhVbYysKHaIJDxcQ6AEwBHoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=drupada%20sons&f=false</ref>

==Birth and Early Life==

When Dhritarashtra's queen Gandhari's pregnancy continued for an unusually long time, she beat her womb in frustration and in envy of [[Kunti]], the queen of [[Pandu]], who had given birth to three of the five [[Pandava]] brothers. Due to her actions, a hardened mass of grey-coloured flesh emerged from her womb. Gandhari was devastated, and called upon [[Vyasa]], the great sage who had blessed her with one hundred sons, to redeem his words.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CXV|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01116.htm|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

Dushasana was devoted to his older brother [[Duryodhana]]. He was also closely involved in the various schemes and plots to kill the [[Pandavas]] along with [[Duryodhana]] and [[Shakuni]].

==Draupadi's humiliation==
[[File: The ordeal of Queen Draupadi.jpg|alt=|thumb|Dushasana drags Draupadi to the court]]
After [[Yudhishthira]] lost his kingdom, his brothers and his wife [[Draupadi]], in a game of dice with [[Shakuni]], Duhshasana dragged [[Draupadi]] by the hair into the assembly, at the behest of his brother [[Duryodhana]], and tried to disrobe her. Draupadi prayed to [[Krishna]] and he made her [[sari]] to be of an infinite length so that Duhshasana could not take it off. Dushasana was very exhausted and he nearly fainted. The assembled men were amazed at this miracle. They condemned Duhshasana and praised Draupadi. However, Draupadi was humiliated by being dragged into court by her hair. After this humiliation, Draupadi swore that she will not tie her hair until it is bathed with the blood of Duhshasana. [[Bhima]], who could no longer watch Draupadi's insult in silence, rose up. He vowed to tear open Dussasana's chest in battle and drink his blood. Bhima also exclaimed that if he could not fulfill his oath, then he would not meet his ancestors in heaven.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2006-08-02|title=The Clothes of Draupadi|url=https://devdutt.com/articles/the-clothes-of-draupadi/|access-date=2020-09-01|website=Devdutt|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[File: Draupadi s presented to a pachisi game.jpg|thumb|right|Draupadi is presented to a Parcheesi game]]

==Kurukshetra war and death==
He along with Duryodhana lead one of the Akshauhanis (battle divisions) of the Kaurava army. <ref>{{cite web |author1=Aayush |title=18 Days of The Mahabharata War – Summary of the War |url=https://vedicfeed.com/18-days-of-the-mahabharata-war-summary-of-the-war/ |website=vedicfeed.com |publisher=VEDICFEED |access-date=8 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author1=Jha Preeti |title=जानिए महाभारत युद्ध के 18 दिनों में किस दिन क्या हुआ था |url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/sant-saadhak-mahabharat-yudh-ka-18-dino-ka-ghatnakram-15405663.html |website=jagran.com |publisher=jagran |access-date=8 June 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>

Dushasana was the warrior who shot the first arrow in the Mahabharata war. On the first day of the war, Dushasana had fought with Nakula. On the tenth day, Dushasana was appointed on the frontlines to defend [[Bhishma]] from the Pandava army. Dushasana exhibited his valour on that day by resisting all the Pandavas single-handedly. But later, [[Arjuna]] managed to defeat him.

On the thirteenth day, Dushasana was present in the Chakravyuha. After a fierce duel, [[Abhimanyu]] badly defeated Dushasana and his charioteer had to take him away from the battlefield. The son of Dushasana who helped his father many times in the Kurukshetra war was also present inside the Chakra Vyuh on the thirteenth day of the war. He was deprived of his chariot by Abhimanyu and saved by Aswathamma by cutting Abhimanyu's arrow in mid-air. After that, Dushasana's son killed Abhimanyu in a mace duel. On 14th day, Dushasana's son was brutally killed by Draupadi's sons, the [[Upapandavas]], in revenge for Abhimanyu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-06|title=Mythology 3 – Abhimanyu|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/littlethoughts/mythology-3-abhimanyu/|access-date=2020-08-16|website=Times of India Blog|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Death ===
[[File: Bhima drinks blood.jpg|thumb|Bhima fulfilling his promise regarding Dussasana in the Mahabharata field]]
On the seventeenth day, Dushasana encountered Bhima in a duel. First, they fought by means of archery. Both broke each other's chariots and then they engaged in a mace duel. Bhima broke Dushasana's mace and started using wrestling manoeuvres to beat up Dushasan. After beating him up badly, Bhima seized Dushasana's right arm and uprooted it from his body while roaring loudly. Then (remembering his vow taken on dice game day), Bhima tore open Dushasana's chest with his bare hands and drank his hot blood. Many soldiers who saw Bhima drinking Dushasana's blood had fallen unconscious and some soldiers said that Bhima was a monster for drinking a human's blood. After that, Bhima danced around Dushasana's corpse. Dushasana's death had greatly agitated the Kauravas, especially Duryodhana who become numb. Bhima had given Dushasana one of the most brutal deaths in Mahabharata.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

*'' Mahabharata'' (1999) by [[Krishna Dharma]]

==External links==
* {{Commonscatinline|Dushasana}}

{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category: Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T15:19:21Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Vasantraja (father), Vaishali (mother), Matrasena (brother) Shweta, Lata, Sudeshnavati, Indumati (sisters), Bhanumati(so called sister)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Trilokapura]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}} '''Mayuri''' also known as'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Vrushali, [[Karna]]'s wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].She is the only one who understands Bhanumati's problems.

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri and Bhanumatilose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri and Bhanumati, together being sisters, committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Vasantraja's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Vasantraja of [[Trilokapura (Mahabharata)|Trilokapura]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Vrushali, who is the beautiful princess of Trilokapura, The Daughter of Vasantraja and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati with Bhanumati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri and "Bhanumateshwari" for Bhanumati. Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

==Relation with Bhanumati==
She had cordial relations with the another or last wife of [[Duryodhana]], Bhanumati. Her loyalty can be described to [[Karna]], sometimes and Mayuri and Bhanumati had a love-relationship with [[Duryodhana]], she used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)]]. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Bhanumati, but she used to care about Bhanumati as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Bhanumati as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, Bhanumati, the wives of [[Duryodhana]], became his friends.

Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Bhanumati had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death.

==In popular culture==
* [[Arshin Mehta]] played Mayuri in Mahabharat Katha
* Sangeeta Sharma played Mayuri in [[Suryaputra Karn]].
* Aparna Deshmukh played Mayuri in the serial Draupadi.
* Manali Shah portrayed Mayuri in [[Karn Sangini]].
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T14:38:04Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Relation with Bhanumati= */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Chandramudra (mother), Matrasena (brother), Susharma (brother), Medha, Mridula and Mihika (so called sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Urvi, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

==Relation with Bhanumati==
She had cordial relations with the another or last wife of [[Duryodhana]], Bhanumati. Her loyalty can be described to [[Karna]], sometimes and Mayuri and Bhanumati had a love-relationship with [[Duryodhana]], she used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)]]. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Bhanumati, but she used to care about Bhanumati as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Bhanumati as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, Bhanumati, the wives of [[Duryodhana]], became his friends.

Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Bhanumati had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death.

==In popular culture==
* [[Arshin Mehta]] played Mayuri in Mahabharat Katha
* Sangeeta Sharma played Mayuri in [[Suryaputra Karn]].
* Aparna Deshmukh played Mayuri in the serial Draupadi.
* Manali Shah portrayed Mayuri in [[Karn Sangini]].
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T14:37:48Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Chandramudra (mother), Matrasena (brother), Susharma (brother), Medha, Mridula and Mihika (so called sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Urvi, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

=Relation with Bhanumati==
She had cordial relations with the another or last wife of [[Duryodhana]], Bhanumati. Her loyalty can be described to [[Karna]], sometimes and Mayuri and Bhanumati had a love-relationship with [[Duryodhana]], she used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)]]. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Bhanumati, but she used to care about Bhanumati as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Bhanumati as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, Bhanumati, the wives of [[Duryodhana]], became his friends.

Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Bhanumati had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death.

==In popular culture==
* [[Arshin Mehta]] played Mayuri in Mahabharat Katha
* Sangeeta Sharma played Mayuri in [[Suryaputra Karn]].
* Aparna Deshmukh played Mayuri in the serial Draupadi.
* Manali Shah portrayed Mayuri in [[Karn Sangini]].
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

User talk:2402:8100:3869:482D:41:51FF:FE43:9CC8

2023-04-29T14:35:59Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "Idiot ill complain about you stop reverting"

Idiot ill complain about you stop reverting

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T14:34:46Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Relation with Mihika */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Chandramudra (mother), Matrasena (brother), Susharma (brother), Medha, Mridula and Mihika (so called sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Urvi, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T14:32:52Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Relation with Mridula */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Chandramudra (mother), Matrasena (brother), Susharma (brother), Medha, Mridula and Mihika (so called sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Urvi, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.
==Relation with Mihika==
Mayuri and Mihika, Chitrasena's wife had a good relation both respect each other but Medha, Mayuri's cousin and Mihika donot have a good relation both used to fight a lot. She has a maid cum best friend named Padmavati, Karna's fourth wife.

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-29T14:32:09Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Medha, Mayuri's cousin */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Chandramudra (mother), Matrasena (brother), Susharma (brother), Medha, Mridula and Mihika (so called sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Urvi, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.
==Relation with Mridula==
She had cordial relations with the wife of [[Vikarna]], Mridula. She used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with Mridula. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Mridula, but she used to care about Mridula as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Mridula as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, wife of [[Duryodhana]] and Mridula, wife of [[Vikarna]] became his friends.
Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Mridula had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death. Mridula is good friend of Vrushali, Karna's first wife.

==Relation with Mihika==
Mayuri and Mihika, Chitrasena's wife had a good relation both respect each other but Medha, Mayuri's cousin and Mihika donot have a good relation both used to fight a lot. She has a maid cum best friend named Padmavati, Karna's fourth wife.

Skandagupta

2023-04-29T14:16:45Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} {{short description|Gupta Emperor who ruled parts of Indian subcontinent during c. 455-467}} {{EngvarB|date=October 2019}} {{Infobox royalty | succession = 8th Gupta Emperor | image= 300px | caption =Gold coin of Skandagupta, depicting himself on the obverse, Lakshmi on the reverse. The name 12px12px ''Skan-da''..."

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{short description|Gupta Emperor who ruled parts of Indian subcontinent during c. 455-467}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| succession = 8th [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]]
| image= [[File:Skandagupta Circa 455-480 CE.jpg|300px]]
| caption =Gold coin of Skandagupta, depicting himself on the obverse, [[Lakshmi]] on the reverse. The name [[File:Gupta ashoka sk.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nd.jpg|12px]] ''Skan-da'' appears vertically under the left arm of the king.
| reign = {{circa|455|467 CE}}
| religion = [[Hinduism]]<ref>"For the temporary reprieve from the Huns won by Skandagupta was the final phase of Indian classicism . The king himself worshipped Hindu gods and goddesses, then returning to the fore, but he did not neglect other beliefs such as Jainism and Buddhism." in {{cite book |last1=Cotterell |first1=Arthur |title=The Pimlico Dictionary Of Classical Civilizations |date=30 June 2011 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4464-6672-8 |page=367 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3zy_zJdaSSIC&pg=PT367 |language=en}} and {{cite book |last1=Cotterell |first1=Arthur |title=From Aristotle to Zoroaster: An A to Z Companion to the Classical World |year=1998 |publisher=Free Press |isbn=978-0-684-85596-7 |page=173 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eRxmAAAAMAAJ |language=en}}</ref>
| coronation =
| full name =
| predecessor = [[Kumaragupta I]]
| successor =[[Purugupta]]
| spouse =
| issue =
| dynasty = [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]
| father =[[Kumaragupta I]]
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| date of burial =
| place of burial =
}}
{{Location map+
|South Asia
|float = right
|width = 300
|caption = [[Find spot]]s of inscriptions of Skandagupta, and contemporary polities.
|nodiv = 1
|mini = 1
|relief=yes
|places =
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=25.97|N |long=83.96|E |label=[[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar]] |position=right |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=21.494722|N |long=70.505556|E |label=[[Girnar|Girnar rock]] |position=right |label_size=70 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26.394673|N |long=83.837914|E |label=[[Khukhundoo|Kahaum pillar]]|position=top |label_size=70}}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=31|N |long=70|E |label=[[Kidarites|KIDARITES]] |position=right |label_size=70| mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=37|N |long=62|E |label=[[Alchon Huns|{{center|ALCHON HUNS}}]] |position=right |label_size=70| mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0 }}
{{location map~ |South Asia |lat=26|N |long=76|E |label=[[Gupta Empire|'''{{center|GUPTA EMPIRE}}''']] |position=right |label_size=70 |mark=1000x1.png|marksize=0}}
}}
'''Skandagupta''' ([[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta ashoka sk.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nd.jpg|12px]][[File:Gupta allahabad gu.jpg|14px]][[File:Gupta allahabad pt.jpg|12px]] ''Ska-nda-gu-pta'',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Allen |first1=John |title=Catalogue of the coins of the Gupta dynasties |date=1914 |page=[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214/page/n251 114] |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.47214}}</ref> r. {{Circa|455}}-467) was a [[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]] of [[India]]. His [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]] suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. He repulsed an invasion by the [[Indo-Hephthalite]]s (known as [[Huna people|Hunas]] in India), probably the [[Kidarites]]. He seems to have maintained control of his inherited territory, and is generally considered the last of the great Gupta Emperors. The Gupta genealogy after him is unclear, but he was most probably succeeded by [[Purugupta]], who appears to have been his younger half-brother.

== Early life ==
Skandagupta was a son of the Gupta emperor [[Kumaragupta I]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} His mother may have been a junior queen or a concubine of Kumaragupta. This theory is based on the fact that Skandagputa's inscriptions mention the name of his father, but not of his mother.{{sfn|Hermann Kulke|Dietmar Rothermund|2004|p=96}} For example, Skandagupta's [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]] lists the chief queens (''mahadevis'') of his ancestors [[Chandragupta I]], [[Samudragupta]], and [[Chandragupta II]], but does not mention the chief queen of his father Kumaragupta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1962|pp=17-28}} [[John Faithfull Fleet|J. F. Fleet]] read a line of the Bhitari inscription to state that Skandagupta was "raised to Aryan status by the panegyrics of bards". Based on this, [[Arthur Llewellyn Basham|A. L. Basham]] theorized that his mother was from a low-caste [[Shudra]] background.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=325}}

Others, such as [[Dasharatha Sharma]] have criticized this theory, pointing out that the Bhitari inscription clearly suggests that Skandagupta's mother held a very exalted status in the eyes of her son.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=325}} The inscription states that after restoring the fallen fortunes of his family by defeating his enemies, he visited his mother just like the legendary hero [[Krishna]] had visited his mother [[Devaki]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} Jagannath Agrawal theorizes that the composer of the inscription deliberately departed from convention and devoted a line to the king's mother: this was not because of the inferior status of the mother.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=326}} Agrawal disputes Fleet's reading of the "Aryan status" line, providing an alternative reading: "whom nobility causes to blush by reason of the narrations of his exploits by means of songs and eulogies". This line seems to be inspired from a verse in [[Kalidasa]]'s ''[[Raghuvaṃśa]]''. Agrawal further argues that the Bhitari inscription is a ''[[prashasti]]'' aimed at glorifying the king, and its composer would not have made a derogatory insinuation about the low status of the king's mother.{{sfn|Jagannath Agrawal|1968|p=326}}

Based on the inscription, some scholars have theorised that Devaki was the name of his mother. However, according to historian [[R. C. Majumdar]], it is more likely that the description aims to highlight the degraded position of his mother just like that of the legendary Devaki, before Skandagupta restored her to a position of prestige and power, just like Krishna did for Devaki.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}}

== Ascension to the throne ==
{{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=2/2/2|total_width=400
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| header=Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta
| image1 = Bhitari pillar of Skandagupta.jpg
| image2 = Bhitari pillar inscription.jpg
| footer=The [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta]]
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Skandagupta ascended the throne in year 136 of the [[Gupta era]] ({{Circa|455}}-456 CE).{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}} According to the [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta|Bhitari pillar inscription]], he restored "the fallen fortunes of his family". The inscription states that when he prepared to do so, he spent a night on the bare earth, and then defeated his enemies, who had grown wealthy and powerful. After defeating his enemies, he visited his widowed mother, whose eyes were "full of tears from joy".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=69}}

Many scholars read the name of the enemies mentioned in the Bhitari inscription as "[[Pushyamitras]]", who according to the [[Puranas]], were a tribe, and probably ruled an area located on the banks of the [[Narmada River]]. However, an alternative interpretation of the inscription reads "Yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of "Pushyamitras".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}}

According to one theory, these enemies invaded the Gupta empire during the last years of Kumaragupta's reign, or shortly after his death, and Skandagupta defeated them. According to another theory, the conflict referred to in the Bhitari inscription resulted from a disputed succession to the throne. This theory is based on the following points:{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}}

{{multiple image|border=infobox|perrow=1|total_width=250
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| header=Junagadh rock inscription of Skandagupta
| image1 = Ashoka Rock Edict at Junagadh.jpg
| image2 = Junagadh rock inscription of Skandagupta.png
| footer=The [[Junagadh]] rock in [[Girnar|Girnar mountain]] contains an inscription of Skandagupta, besides those of the earlier kings [[Ashoka]] and [[Rudradaman I]].<ref>[http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/Docs/HISTORY/PRIMARYDOCS/EPIGRAPHY/JunagadhRockInscription.htm "Junagadh Rock Inscription of Rudradaman", ''Project South Asia''.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223182107/http://projectsouthasia.sdstate.edu/Docs/HISTORY/PRIMARYDOCS/EPIGRAPHY/JunagadhRockInscription.htm|date=23 February 2009 }}</ref>
}}
* The Junagadh inscription states that after his father's death, Skandagupta became "the ruler of the earth" by his own prowess.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}} This suggests that Skandagupta acquired the throne using force.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}
* His mother may was probably a junior wife of Kumaragupta rather than the chief queen (see [[#Early life|Early life]] section above), and therefore, his claim to the throne was not legitimate.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1962|pp=17-28}}
* The Junagadh inscription states that [[Lakshmi]], the goddess of fortune, chose Skandagupta as her husband after rejecting all other "sons of kings".{{sfn|D. K. Ganguly|1987|p=79}}{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=70}} Some coins issued by Skandagupta depict a woman offering him an uncertain object, probably a [[varmala|garland]] or a ring. Assuming this woman is Lakshmi, the depiction seems to be a visual representation of the statement made in the inscription.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=70-71}} (Some scholars identify the woman as a queen rather than Lakshmi).{{sfn|D. K. Ganguly|1987|p=79}}
* The Bhitari inscription makes three mentions of the fallen fortunes of the Gupta family (''kula'' or ''vamsha''). The mention of ''family'', rather than the ''empire'', may be a reference to the disputed succession to the throne. The reading "Yudhyamitras", rather than "Pushyamitras", may be correct, and the enemies referred to in the inscription may be rival claimants to the throne.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=70-71}}
* Various historical records suggest that multiple people in the Gupta empire assumed sovereign status after Kumaragupta's death. These people include Kumaragupta's brother [[Govindagupta]], his relative Ghatotkacha-gupta, and Prakashaditya (who is known from some gold coins). These people may have been rivals of Skandagupta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

Another argument cited in favour of the disputed succession theory is that the records of the subsequent Gupta kings omit Skandagupta's name from the royal genealogy, listing Purugupta's name after that of Kumaragupta. An example is the Bhitari seal of the 6th century king [[Kumaragupta III]]. However, this omission may be explained by the fact that these subsequent kings were descendants of Skandagupta's half-brother [[Purugupta]], and the genealogical lists in their records intend to list only their direct ancestors, rather than provide a comprehensive list of the earlier Gupta kings.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

== Conflict with the Hunas ==
[[File:Kahaum pillar.jpg|thumb|The [[Kahaum pillar]] of Skandagupta (19th century photograph)]]
[[File:Kakandi.jpg|thumb|Relief of [[Jain]] [[tirthankara]] [[Parshvanatha]] on the [[Kahaum pillar]] erected and decorated under Skandagupta<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jain shrines|url=http://www.uptourism.gov.in/post/jain-shrines|access-date=17 September 2020|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Tourism]]}}</ref>]]
[[File:Kakandi Script.jpg|thumb|Skandagupta inscription on the [[Kahaum pillar]]]]
During Skandagupta's period, the [[Indo-Hephthalites]] (known as the White Huns or [[Huna people|Hunas]]) invaded India from the northwest, advancing as far as the [[Indus River]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}}

The Bhitari pillar inscription states that Skandagupta defeated the Hunas:{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}}

{{quote|(Skandagupta), "by whose two arms the earth was shaken, when he, the creator (of a disturbance like that) of a terrible whirlpool, joined in close conflict with the [[Huna people|Hûnas]]; . . . . . . among enemies . . . . . . arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . proclaimed . . . . . . . . . . . . just as if it were the roaring of (the river) [[Ganges|Ganga]], making itself noticed in (their) ears." | [[Bhitari pillar inscription of Skandagupta]] Line 15}}

The date of the Huna invasion is not certain. The Bhitari inscription mentions it after describing the conflict with the Pushyamitras (or the ''Yudhyamitras''), which suggests that it happened later during Skandagupta's reign. However, a possible reference to this conflict in the Junagadh inscription suggests that it may have happened at the beginning of the Skandagupta's reign or during the reign of his father Kumaragupta. The Junagadh inscription, dated to the year 138 of the Gupta era (c. 457-458 CE) mentions Skandagupta's success against the [[mlechchha]]s (foreigners):{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=73-74}}

{{quote|...whose [Skandagupta's] fame, moreover, even [his] enemies, in the countries of the mlechchhas... having their pride broken down to the very root, announce with the words "verily the victory has been achieved by him." | Junagadh inscription{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=73}} }}

The victory against the mlechchhas happened in or before the year 136 of the Gupta era ({{Circa|455}}-456 CE), when Skandagupta ascended the throne and when he appointed Parnadatta as the governor of the [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurashtra]] region, in which Junagadh is located. Since Skandagupta is not known to have fought against any other foreigners, these mlechchhas were probably the Hunas. If this identification is correct, it is possible that as a prince, Skandagupta was sent to check the Huna invasion at the frontier, and Kumaragupta died in the capital while this conflict was happening; Skandagupta returned to the capital and overcame rebels or rival claimants to ascend the throne.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|pp=73-74}}

A sentence in the [[Sanskrit]] text ''Chandra-Vyakarana'' ({{Circa|7th century}}) states ''Ajayad-Gupto Hunan'', literally, "The Gupta conquered the Hunas". This may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas, although an alternative reading by scholar [[K. P. Jayaswal]] has "Jato" instead of "Gupto".{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=74}} A story in the ''[[Kathasaritsagara]]'' (11th century) states that the legendary king [[Vikramaditya]] ascended the throne after his father Mahendraditya abdicated it, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the mlechchhas. Since Mahendraditya was a title of Kumaragupta, and Vikramaditya that of Skandagupta, this may be a reference to Skandagupta's victory over the Hunas.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}}

== Western India ==

The [[Junagadh]] rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, [[Major Rock Edicts|Ashoka]] and [[Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman|Rudradaman]], has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. The inscription states that Skandagupta appointed governors of all provinces, including Parnadatta as the governor of [[Saurashtra (region)|Surashtra]].{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}} It is not clear if the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king, or his actions after a political turmoil resulting from a war of succession or invasion.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=76}} The inscription outlines several qualifications required to be the governor of Surashtra, stating that only Parnadatta met these requirements. Again, it is not clear if these were actual qualifications required to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=75}}

Parnadatta appointed his son Chakrapalita as the magistrate of the Girinagara city (near modern Junagadh-[[Girnar]] area), which was presumably the capital of Surashtra. The Junagadh inscription records Chakdrapalita's repairs to the Sudarshana lake, an ancient reservoir originally constructed by [[Chandragupta Maurya]], and later improved by his grandson Ashoka. The dam was subsequently re-built by Rudradaman in c. 150, but burst in c. 456-457 (year 137 of the [[Gupta era]]). Chakrapalita is said to have spent an "immeasurable" amount of wealth to build an embankment, and is also credited with the construction of a [[Vishnu]] temple.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=76}}

An inscription of the [[Vakataka]] king Narendrasena claims that his commands were obeyed by the rulers of [[Dakshina Kosala|Kosala]], [[Maikal Hills|Mekala]] and [[Malwa|Malava]]. The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. Since Malava was a part of the Gupta Empire at one time, it is possible that Narendrasena raided Gupta territories during Skandagupta's reign. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over the region soon after. A c. 460-461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings."{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=77}}

== Succession ==

The last known date of Skandagupta is c. 467-468 CE (year 148 of the [[Gupta era]]),{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=77}} and he probably ruled for a few more years.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=80}}

Skandagupta was most probably succeeded by [[Purugupta]], who appears to have been his half-brother. Purugupta was a son of Kumaragupta I from his chief queen, and therefore, must have been his legitimate successor. It is possible that he was a minor at the time of Kumaragupta I's death, because of which Skandagupta ascended the throne. Skandagupta appears to have died heirless, or his son may have been dethroned by Purugupta's family.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=81}}

==Coinage==
Compared to his predecessors, Skandagupta issued fewer gold coins, and some of these coins feature relatively [[debasement|less quantity of gold]]. It is possible that the various wars fought by him strained the state treasury, although this cannot be said with certainty.{{sfn|R. C. Majumdar|1981|p=71}}

Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type.<ref>Sanjeev Kumar (2017). "Treasures of the Gupta Empire", Shivlee Trust, pp. 344-353.</ref> His silver coins are of four types: Garuda type, Bull type, Altar type and Madhyadesha type.{{sfn|Ashvini Agrawal|1989|pp=28-9, 31-2}} The initial gold coinage was on the old weight standard used by his father [[Kumaragupta]] of approximately 8.4 gm. This initial coinage is quite scarce. At some point in his reign, Skandagupta revalued his currency, switching from the old dinar standard to a new ''suvarna'' standard that weighed approximately 9.2 gm.<ref>A.S. Altekar (1957). "The Coinage of the Gupta Empire", Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University.</ref> These later coins were all only of the Archer type, and this standard and type was followed by all subsequent Gupta rulers.

<gallery mode="packed">
Gupta Kings. Skandagupta. AD 455-467.jpg | Coin of Skandagupta (455-467), in the style of the [[Western Satraps]].<ref>"Evidence of the conquest of [[Saurashtra (region)|Saurastra]] during the reign of [[Chandragupta II]] is to be seen in his rare silver coins which are more directly imitated from those of the Western Satraps... they retain some traces of the old inscriptions in Greek characters, while on the reverse, they substitute the Gupta type ... for the [[chaitya]] with crescent and star." in Rapson "A catalogue of Indian coins in the British Museum. The Andhras etc.", p.cli</ref>
Skandagupta Kramaditya Circa 455-467 CE.jpg | Coin of Skandagupta Kramaditya with facing [[Garuda]].
File:Gold dinar of Skandagupta.jpg|Gold dinar of Skandagupta.
</gallery>

==In popular culture==
[[Jaishankar Prasad]], a renowned poet of modern [[Hindi literature]], wrote a play named ''Skandagupta'' in 1928, based on the life of [[Gupta Empire|Gupta emperor]] Skandagupta.<ref>{{cite web |title=स्कंदगुप्त (नाटक) : जयशंकर प्रसाद |url=https://www.hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com/Skandagupta-Jaishankar-Prasad1.php |website=www.hindikahani.hindi-kavita.com}}</ref> In the 1960s, [[Shanta Gandhi]], Professor of Ancient Indian Drama while at [[National School of Drama]], revived interest in Jaishankar Prasad's plays by successfully staging his most important play ''Skanda Gupta'' written in 1928, with little changes to the original script.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/theatre/article40398.ece|title=Re-discovering Dhruvaswamini|date=29 October 2009|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Lal |first=Mohan |title=The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature – Volume 5 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year= 2006|pages=4119|isbn=81-260-1221-8}}</ref>

The news article [[Dainik Jagran]] claimed that the popular movie [[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]] was based on Skandagupta's life.<ref>{{cite web |title=स्कंदगुप्त की कहानी पर बनी है बाहुबली फिल्म |url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/ghazipur-bahubali-film-is-based-on-the-story-of-skandagupta-19688956.html |website=Dainik Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Gupta Empire}}
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===

{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Ashvini Agrawal |title=Rise and Fall of the Imperial Guptas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hRjC5IaJ2zcC&pg=PA315 |year=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-0592-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=D. K. Ganguly |title=The Imperial Guptas and Their Times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hud2_Ie3T94C&pg=PP1 |year=1987 |publisher=Abhinav |isbn=978-81-7017-222-2 }}
* {{cite book |author1=Hermann Kulke |author2=Dietmar Rothermund |title=A History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C&pg=PA96 |year=2004 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-415-32919-4 }}
* {{cite journal |author=Jagannath Agrawal |title=The status of Skandagupta's mother |journal=Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute |volume=48-49 |year=1968 |pages=325–327 |jstor=41694254 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |title=The History and Culture of the Indian People: The classical age |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2J0fAAAAIAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan }}
* {{cite book |author=R. C. Majumdar |author-link=R. C. Majumdar |title=A Comprehensive History of India |volume=3, Part I: A.D. 300-985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mRBuAAAAMAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House |oclc=34008529 }}
{{ref end}}

==Further reading==
* Singh, Jai Prakash (1976) ''History and Coinage of Skandagupta Kramāditya'', Varanasi:Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Banaras Hindu University.

==External links==
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Bhitari-Skandagupta.pdf The Bhitari Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Bihar-Skandagupta.pdf The Bihar Stone Pillar Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://www.sdstate.edu/projectsouthasia/upload/Junagadh-Skandagupta.pdf The Junagadh Rock Inscription of Skandagupta]
* [http://coinindia.com/galleries-skandagupta.html Coinage of Skandagupta]

{{s-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kumaragupta I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Gupta Empire|Gupta Emperor]]|years=455–467 CE}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Purugupta]]}}
{{end}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:5th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:Gupta emperors]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:467 deaths]]
[[Category:5th-century Hindus]]

Duryodhana

2023-04-28T15:17:53Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Marriage and children */

{{Short description|Eldest Kaurava in the epic Mahabharata}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox character
| affiliation = [[Kaurava]]
| info-hdr = Information
| name = Duryodhana
| image = Duryodhana showing his army to Drona.jpg
| alt = Duryodhana
| caption = Duryodhana showing his army to [[Drona]]
| aliases = Suyodhana
| spouse = [[Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]]
|
| weapon = [[Gada (mace)]]
| family = [[Dhritarashtra]] (father) [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] (mother) [[Dushasana]],Dussaha, Jalagandha, Durmuka [[Vikarna]],Subahu, Sulochana, Anudhara, Chitrasena and 90 more (brothers) [[Dushala]] (sister) [[Yuyutsu]] (step-brother)
| children = [[Laxman Kumara]], [[Lakshmanaa]]
| relatives = [[Pandavas]] (paternal cousins) [[Shakuni]] (maternal uncle)
| color = #FFC569
}}

'''Duryodhana''' ({{lang-sa|दुर्योधन}}, {{IAST3|Duryodhana}}) also known as '''Suyodhana''', is the main antagonist in the Hindu epic ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and was the eldest of the [[Kaurava]]s, the hundred sons of a blind king [[Dhritarashtra]] and queen [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]]. Being the firstborn son of the blind king, he was the crown prince of [[Kuru Kingdom]] and its capital [[Hastinapura]] along with his cousin [[Yudhishtra]] who was older than him. [[Karna]] was Duryodhana's closest friend. Notably, Duryodhana, with significant assistance from Karna, performs Vaishnava Yagna when the Pandavas are in exile.<ref name="Netlancers Inc, 2014">{{cite book|last1=Ganguli|first1=Kisari Mohan|title=The Mahabharata, Book 3: Vana Parva|publisher=Netlancers Inc, 2014}}</ref><ref name="Karna the conqueror of the entire world">{{cite web | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03252.htm | title=Mahabaratha, Digvijaya yatra of Karna | publisher=Sacred Texts | work=The Mahabharata | date=1896 | access-date=11 June 2015 | author=Kisari Mohan Ganguli| author-link=Kisari Mohan Ganguli }}</ref> Duryodhana used his greater skill in wielding the mace to defeat opponents. He was also an extremely courageous warrior and he was said to be a good ruler. Duryodhana's greed and arrogance were the two qualities said to lead to his downfall in the Mahabharata.

== Etymology ==
The Sanskrit word, ''Duryodhana'' means "invincible".<ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Maneka|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PkW6hs1OjyEC|title=The Penguin Book of Hindu Names|date=1993|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=9780140128413|page=125}}</ref>

==Birth==
[[File:Vyas ki vardhan.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Gandhari receiving boon from Vyasa]]

When [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari's]] pregnancy continued for an unusually long period of time, Her mother-in-law Ambika and Ambalika were very upset with her. Pandu and Kunti earlier bore a son whom they named Yudhishthira. So she beat her womb in frustration. This caused a hardened mass of grey-coloured flesh to issue from her womb. She implored [[Vyasa]], the great sage who had blessed her as "Shata Putra Praptirasthu" (Sanskrit for "blessed with a hundred sons"), to redeem his words. Vyasa divided the ball of flesh into one hundred and one equal pieces and put them in pots of [[milk]], which were sealed and buried into the earth for two years. At the end of the second year, the first pot was opened, and Duryodhana emerged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m01/m01116.htm |title=The Mahabharata, Book 1: Adi Parva: Sambhava Parva: Section CXV |publisher=Sacred-texts.com |access-date=2014-08-15}}</ref>

==Early years==
[[File:Duryodana-kl.jpg|thumb|Duryodhana in Javanese [[Wayang]]]]

Although loved by his family, Duryodhana and most of his brothers were not seen on the same level as the [[Pandavas]] in their adherence to virtue, duty, and respect for elders. Duryodhana felt that the partiality everyone showed to the Pandavas was only due to the [[Demigod#Hinduism|circumstances of their birth]]. Duryodhana was mentored by his maternal uncle [[Shakuni]], who masterminded most of Duryodhana's plots to humiliate and kill the Pandavas.

Duryodhana's hatred for the Pandavas stemmed from his sincere belief that he [[primogeniture|being the son of the eldest brother]] should be the [[heir]] apparent to the throne of Hastinapura. Because of his father's ([[Dhritarashtra]]) blindness , his father had to renounce the throne in favour of his younger brother, [[Pandu]]. Duryodhana deeply believed that what was rightfully his was being given away to his older cousin [[Yudhishthira]]. He also felt that the Pandavas were the sons of Kunti and [[Gods|devas/deities]], and not of Pandu. He never believed that their divine origin alone proved their superiority. On many occasions he questioned their merits and always called them 'Kaunteya' (sons of Kunti). He would never accept the Pandavas as his brothers but always did his best to restrain them. He also bore a deep hatred of [[Bhima]], who was older than him but much stronger and dominated his brothers in sport and skill with his immense physical power and strength. Out of anger and jealousy, he even tried to poison Bheem, but was unsuccessful.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rao|first=Shanta Rameshwar|title=The Mahabharata (Illustrated)|year=1985|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=9788125022800|pages=25–26}}</ref>

===Training===

Learning martial skills from his gurus [[Dronacharya]], he proved to be extremely skilled with the [[Gada (mace)|mace]]. He then went to specialize in mace fighting under [[Balarama]], so as to gain sympathy from him and went on to become his favourite pupil. [[Balarama]] described Duryodhana's body to be "lightning made flesh" and declared him to be the greatest mace fighter of his generation.

===Relationship with Karna===
At the martial exhibition where the [[Kaurava]] and [[Pandava]] princes demonstrated their skills before their elders, their guru [[Drona]] and the people of that kingdom, [[Karna]] appeared and challenged an unsuspecting [[Arjuna]], who is considered to be the best of the princes. But Karna was stopped when [[Kripa]] asked him to ascertain his lineage, as it would be inappropriate for unequal to compete. Karna, not being a [[kshatriya]], bowed his head in shame.<ref>{{cite book|last=McGrath |first=Kevin |year=2004 |title=The Sanskrit Hero: Karna in Epic Mahābhārata |publisher=Brill Academic |isbn=90-04-13729-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YkmXk3-1j7UC |access-date=25 November 2013 }}</ref>

Duryodhana immediately defended Karna, arguing that it is skill and bravery, and not birth, that defines a warrior. Using the boon granted to him by [[Dhritarashtra]], Duryodhana made Karna king of [[Anga]] so that he was regarded as Arjuna's equal.<ref name=":0" /> Karna pledged his allegiance and friendship to Duryodhana. Neither of them knew that Karna was in fact [[Kunti|Kunti's]] oldest son, born to (the sun god) [[Surya]], before her marriage to [[Pandu]].

In the [[Kurukshetra War]], Karna was Duryodhana's greatest champion and served as [[Kurukshetra War#Day 15|commander from the fifteenth day]]. Duryodhana sincerely believed that Karna was superior to [[Arjuna]], and would defeat his four brothers. When [[Karna]] was killed, Duryodhana mourned his death intensely, even more so than the death of his own brothers and was inconsolable. When Karna's identity was revealed to him, Duryodhana's love for Karna only grew and it is said to be he, and not the Pandavas, who performed Karna's last rites.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Jain|first=Gopal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wvQDwAAQBAJ&q=karna%27s+final+rights+were+performed+by&pg=PA444|title=SHAKUNI - AN OATH FOR REVENGE|date=2020-02-14|publisher=BlueRose Publishers|language=en}}</ref> Krishna confirmed that he had the highest right over Karna, as they loved and supported each other truly.

===Tendencies and schemes===

During their childhood, Bhima used his brute strength to inflict injuries on the [[Kaurava]] brothers. As Bhima was gluttonous, Duryodhana, guided by Shakuni attempted to kill Bhima by feeding him poison, but Bhima survived the trap and emerged even stronger than before. Duryodhana then participated in a [[Lakshagraha|plot by Shakuni]] to burn the Pandavas in a house of wax at Varnavata; however, they managed to escape the trap having been warned by [[Vidura]].

== Marriage and children ==
In the [[Stri Parva]] of Mahabharata, Gandhari mentioned the wife of Duryodhana and mother of Laxman. In the [[Shanti Parva]], sage Narada narrated the marriage of Duryodhana with the daughter of King Chitrangada of Kalinga. In the Mahabharata, the wife of Duryodhana is unnamed but by most sources, Duryodhana had only one wife, who was named Mayuri in later interpolations.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Sharma|first=Arvind|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KnCxH85Vra4C&q=duryodhana+wife&pg=PA298|title=Essays on the Mahābhārata|date=2007|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-2738-7|language=en}}</ref>

According to the story found in ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana abducted King Vasantraja's daughter, the maiden of the fairest complexion, from her [[swayamvara]] with the help of his best friend [[Karna]] in the wake of having been rejected by her. It is described that he loved her immensely. On reaching Hastinapur, Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of Kashi for his stepbrother. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>
[[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmanaa]] were the children of Duryodhana and Mayuri.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Complete Life of Krishna: Based on the Earliest Oral Traditions and the Sacred Scriptures|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LFwoDwAAQBAJ&q=lakshmana+daughter+of+duryodhana&pg=PT171|publisher=Simon and Schuster|author=Vanamali|access-date=22 May 2012|isbn = 9781594776908|year=2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/iml/iml23.htm |title=Indian Myth and Legend: Chapter XVIII. The Battle of Eighteen Days |publisher=Sacred-texts.com }}</ref> Little is revealed about them in the ''Mahabharata'' other than Laxman's death in the Kurukshetra War and Laxmanaa's marriage to [[Krishna]]'s son [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]].

==Usurping the Kingdom==

After the Pandavas revealed that they had survived the wax house, with [[Draupadi|a new wife]] to boot, [[Bhishma]] suggested that the kingdom be divided in order to ease the obvious tension. [[Yudhishthira]] is given half the kingdom and made king of [[Khandavprastha]], so as to avoid a clash with the Kaurava princes over the whole [[Kuru Kingdom]]. Duryodhana became the crown prince of [[Hastinapura]], and owing to the age and blindness of his father, he accumulated much control and influence, managing the state affairs himself with a group of his advisers that included his uncle [[Shakuni]], brother [[Dushasana]], Bhishma, Vidura, and [[Karna]].
[[File:Duryodfhana fall into water.jpg|thumb|Duryodhana slips into water, while Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadev laugh at him.]]
But Duryodhana remained jealous of Yudhishthira, especially after the Pandavas along with [[Krishna]] transformed Khandavaprastha to [[Indraprastha]]. Moreover, Yudhishthira performed the [[Rajasuya|Rajasuya Yagna]] and gained authority over several other kingdoms; Indraprastha's prosperity and fame appeared to exceed Hastinapura's. Duryodhana was unable to contain his anger, which was intensified when [[Bhima]], [[Arjuna]], the twins and the servants laughed at him when he slipped into a pool of water during a visit to Indraprastha.

In popular culture, television shows and post-modern novels on Mahabharata attribute this blame to [[Draupadi]] with an added statement "the son of the blind man also is blind", but the scene in the canonical text of Vyasa's Sanskrit epic is different. As per original scripture written by Ved Vyasa Draupadi didn't taunt Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m02/m02046.htm | title=The Mahabharata, Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sisupala-badha Parva: Section XLVI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-19|title=Did Draupadi Insult Duryodhana during Rajasuya, Karna in Swayamvara?|url=https://www.myindiamyglory.com/2020/05/19/did-draupadi-insult-duryodhana-during-rajasuya-karna-in-swayamvara/|access-date=2020-09-09|website=myIndiamyGlory|language=en-GB}}</ref>
This enraged Duryodhana and increases his hostility towards the Pandavas.

===The dice plot, and Draupadi's humiliation===
[[File:Draupadi s presented to a pachisi game.jpg|thumb|Draupadi is presented to a pacheesi game]]

Duryodhana's jealousy of the prosperity and fame of Indraprastha and being humiliated by the Pandavas made him furious and he wished to throw down the [[Pandavas]]. To support his will, Shakuni devised a scheme to rob [[Yudhishthira]] of his kingdom and wealth by defeating him in a [[Pachisi|Pakida or game of dice]], in which Shakuni couldn't lose as he had dices which he could control.

Unable to decline the invitation, due to diplomacy, Yudhishthira gambled away his entire kingdom, his wealth, his four brothers and even his wife, in a series of gambits to retrieve one by staking another. After Yudhishthira lost Draupadi, Duryodhana encouraged his brother Dushasana to drag her into the court as she was now his property. Dushsana pulled Draupadi's hair and dragged her into the court. Duryodhana ordered Draupadi to sit on his left thigh, showing and patting it to insult her for revenge. Draupadi refused and Duryodhan ordered Dushashan to disrobe her. Following his brother's orders, Dushashan laughed and started pulling Draupadi's saree. Duryodhan, [[Shakuni]], [[Karna]] and the other Kauravas (except [[Vikarna]]) also started laughing. However, by Krishna's grace, Draupadi's amount of clothing remained the same.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMsMAwAAQBAJ|title=The Mahabharata|last=Raya|first=Pratapacandra|date=1884|publisher=Рипол Классик|isbn=9785875963933|language=en}}</ref>

Due to this action, Bhima pledged that he would break Duryodhana's thigh.

As an enraged Draupadi was about to curse the [[Kuru Kingdom|Kuru clan]], [[Gandhari (character)|Gandhari]] intervened. Fearing retribution by the Pandavas, their allies, and history, [[Dhritarashtra]] and Gandhari reversed all of Yudhishthira's losses. But then (either through Duryodhana forcing his father to command the Pandavas to play again or through Shakuni's vicious tricks) the game was repeated. For this game of dice Shakuni set the condition that upon losing, Yudhishthira and his brothers must spend thirteen years in exile in the forest and one year of ''Agyatavasa'' (remain unknown to others possibly by a disguise) before they reclaim their kingdom. The thirteenth year must be passed incognito, or else the term of exile would be repeated. The Pandavas lost and began their exile.

==Virata War==
Duryodhana was a good friend of [[Matsya Kingdom]]'s commander-in-chief [[Kichaka]]. When [[Bhima]] killed him for humiliating [[Draupadi]], Duryodhana blamed Matsya's King [[Virata]] for his friend Kichaka's death. Virata got angry and ordered Duryodhana to get out of his Kingdom after insulting him. Duryodhana took his army and attacked Matsya. He ordered his wife's cousin [[Susharma]] to attack Matsya from other side but they failed to conquer it because [[Arjuna]] and [[Bhima]] defended it.

==The Kurukshetra War==
===Peace Talks and Buildup===

At the end of the exile term, Duryodhana refused to return [[Yudhishthira|Yudhishthira's]] kingdom, despite the counsel of [[Bhishma]], [[Dronacharya]], and [[Vidura]]. Although [[Dhritarashtra]] openly criticized his son, he tacitly desired that Duryodhana retain his throne. In a final attempt at securing peace, [[Krishna]] returned with the [[Pandavas|Pandavas']] final proposal: the Pandavas would give up all claims to [[Indraprastha]] and [[Hastinapura]] in exchange for five villages. Scoffing, Duryodhana said he will not even give even a needlepoint of land to the Pandavas. Egged on by Krishna, Duryodhana attempted to arrest him. Krishna revealed his [[Vishvarupa]] form. The entire [[Kaurava]] court, saved for Bhishma, Drona, Vidura, and Dhritarashtra (who was granted a divine vision in order to see that by supporting his son, he was going against [[God]]), was temporarily blinded by the form. This confirmed to those present that Krishna was indeed an [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]]. Duryodhana, being vastly egoistic (in some versions of the story an outright [[atheism|atheist]]), brushed off the incident, not convinced of Krishna's divinity, and believing that strength of arms, not [[philosophy]], would win him a war.

===Gathering the army===

With war inevitable, Duryodhana gathered support from his powerful vassals. The most powerful warriors – [[Bhishma]], [[Drona]], [[Karna]], [[Kripa]], [[Shalya]], [[Bhurisravas]], [[Ashwatthama]], even those who were critical of him were forced to fight for Duryodhana due to their previous commitments. He ended up amassing a larger army than his rivals.

Shakuni also advised Duryodhana to seek Krishna's help. Duryodhana rushed to [[Dvārakā|Dwarika]] only to find Krishna sleeping; he waited at the head of Krishna's bed when suddenly, [[Arjuna]] arrived with the same goal in mind. Arjuna waited at the foot of Krishna's bed. When Krishna woke up, both Duryodhana and Arjuna appealed for his alliance. Krishna offered a choice of himself, completely unarmed or the entire [[Vrishni]] army. Duryodhana proclaimed that because he arrived first, he should get first pick. However, Krishna said that because he saw Arjuna first and because Arjuna was younger, that Arjuna gets the first choice. Duryodhana became worried but was overjoyed when Arjuna elected to reject Krishna's army in favour of Krishna alone. Joyously, Duryodhana returned to Hastinapura with the [[Vrishni]] army in hand, only to be rebuked by Shakuni, who comments that Krishna is worth many armies by himself.

Duryodhana also managed to win the army of [[Shalya]], the maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva. Duryodhana intercepted Shalya's army as it came to [[Kurukshetra]] and offered hospitality; Shalya accepted thinking [[Yudhishthira]] had made the offer. After Shalya had enjoyed Duryodhana's comforts, Duryodhana revealed the duplicity and indicated that Shalya is now indebted to him. He used this indebtedness to extract Shalya's army and support. Duryodhana wanted Shalya mainly so that [[Karna]] would have an equivalent [[Ratha|charioteer]] to Arjuna's Krishna.

===4th day===
[[Bhima]] attacked Duryodhana, pierced him and cut off his bow. In return, Duryodhana pierced [[Bhima]], his Charioteer and cut off his bow. Duryodhana pierced [[Bhima]] with shafts on his breast. [[Bhima]] feeling great pain fled away from the battlefield.<ref name="sacred-texts.com">{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section LXIV|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06064.htm|website=sacred-texts.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

=== 8th day ===
On the 8th day, Rakashasaas of Ghatotkacha's army attacked Duryodhana. Duryodhana slew many rakshasas like Vegavat, Maharudra, Vidyujihva and Pramathin.<ref name="sacred-texts.com"/> Later, he killed Visharada, son of [[Kunti-Bhoja]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 6: Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section XCV|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m06/m06095.htm|website=sacred-texts.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

=== 14th day ===
Uttamauja and Yudhamanyu (sons of [[Drupad]])<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 7: Drona Parva: Jayadratha-Vadha Parva: Section CXXIX|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07126.htm|website=sacred-texts.com|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> attacked Duryodhana and Duryodhana defeated them in mace fighting.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> After the death of [[Jayadratha]], Duryodhana became very angry and he started killing the Pandava army. However, he is later defeated by [[Yudhishthira]], who in turn starts massacring the Kaurava army.

=== 15th day ===
[[Nakula]] attacked Duryodhana. Duryodhana fought with him and defeated Nakula, forcing him to flee. On the sixteenth day, he tried to face Yudishthira and bravely withstood his onslaught. But soon, Yudishthira defeated him and destroyed his chariot. Luckily, he was rescued by Karna.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Defeat of Nakula by Duryodhana|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m07/m07184.htm?fbclid=IwAR1wKvwUUcltb_jFK2W275ssjKJqRg7Pcz7SN1GsOqnMWYcoHdNSsysw3gc}}</ref>

=== 17th day ===
[[Nakula]] and [[Sahadeva]] attacked Duryodhana. Duryodhana pierced them and nearly killed them. Later, [[Dhrishtadyumna]] saved them. Then many Pandava warriors, including Yudhishthira, Bhima, Dristadyumna, Satyaki, etc. all together attacked Duryodhana. However Duryodhana alone managed to resist all the Pandavas and he repelled the Pandavas' group attack single-handedly.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 3|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09003.htm|access-date=2020-06-04|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

=== 18th day ===
On the 18th day, the Pandavas together had attacked Duryodhana but they were unsuccessful as Duryodhana alone resisted and defeated all of them.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 17|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09017.htm|access-date=2020-06-04|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 22|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09022.htm|access-date=2020-06-04|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Duryodhana had also killed a Yadava warrior named Chekitana on that day.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Mahabharata, Book 9: Shalya Parva: Section 12|url=https://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09012.htm|access-date=2020-06-04|website=sacred-texts.com}}</ref>

==Gada-Yuddha==

[[File:Duel between Duryodhana and Bhima.jpg|thumb|left|The final battle between [[Bhima]] and Duryodhana]]
[[File:Bhima fighting Duryodhana.jpg|left|175px|thumb|Bhima fighting with Duryodhana, [[Kalighat painting]]]]
[[File:Duryodhana_found_in_the_lake.jpg|thumb|Duryodhana Found in The Lake]]
[[File:Canvas1.png|thumb|Duryodana was defeated by Bhima – A scene from Razmanama]]
On the eighteenth day of the war, with his army reduced to himself, [[Ashwatthama]], [[Kripa]] and [[Kritvarma]], Duryodhana went to meditate in a lake. When the [[Pandavas]] and [[Krishna]] eventually found him, Duryodhana told them that he wanted to gift the kingdom to them, and retire to the forest. [[Yudhishthira]] rejected the offer, telling him that [[Hastinapur]] is not Duryodhana's to gift. Instead, he offered that Duryodhana may pick any of the Pandava brothers to fight against one-to-one with a weapon of his choice, with the winner of the conflict the victor of the war.

Despite his proposed advantage over Yudhishthira, [[Arjuna]], [[Nakula]], or [[Sahadeva]] with the [[gada (mace)|gada]], Duryodhana picked his nemesis [[Bhima]]. Despite Bhima's physical advantage, Duryodhana had the better technique due to his devotion to his craft. After a long and brutal battle between the two disciples of Balarama, Duryodhana began to exhaust Bhima and nearly made Bhima faint.

At this point, Krishna, observing the fight, called out to Bhima and signalled him by repeatedly clapping his own thigh with his hand. As intended, Bhima was reminded of an [[oath]] he had taken after the [[pachisi|game of dice]] to crush Duryodhana's thighs. Bhima victoriously attacked Duryodhana with his mace and struck his thigh, mortally wounding Duryodhana. After having his face insultingly kicked by Bhima, Duryodhana bemoaned that he was slain by unfair means, given that it was illegal to attack below the waist in a mace fight.

Infuriated at the violation, [[Balarama]], the brother of Lord Krishna, raised his weapon to attack. Lord Krishna consoled Balarama, by reminding him of Duryodhana's evil deeds, and reprimanded him for trying to influence a war he refused to participate in.<ref>K M Ganguly(1883-1896) [http://sacred-texts.com/hin/m09/m09060.htm Balarama curses Bhima and came to aid of Duryodhana] October 2003, Retrieved 2015-03-08</ref>

Lying defeated, Duryodhana boasted to the Pandavas about how he would die a glorious death, about how he got to enjoy Hastinapur while the Pandavas were in exile, and about how he would now spend the afterlife in the company of his friends and relatives. He again eviscerated the Pandavas for all their chicanery during the war and decried their legacy. Venerating his own character, Duryodhana proclaimed he will die happily.

==Death==

When the coast was clear, [[Ashwatthama]], [[Kripacharya]], and [[Kritvarma]], having witnessed the fight and not wanting to interrupt so as to rob Duryodhana of his [[honor]], came to Duryodhana's broken body. Ashwatthama promised Duryodhana that he would dispatch the Pandavas and their allies to the abode of Yama and requests his permission to continue the war.

Ashwatthama proceeds to the encampment and into Drishtadyumna's tent at night while everybody of Pandava camp were sleeping. Drishtadyumna awakens from his sleep, and begs Ashwatthama not to kill him cowardly at night and unarmed, and let him die a warrior's death with an appropriate duel. Ashwatthama ignores his plea and beats him to death. The Upapandavas and Shikhandhi alerted by Drishtadyumn’s cries, came out of their tents to battle, only to be slain. Ashwatthama proceeds to massacre everyone in the encampment while any escapees were slain by Kripacharya and Kritvarma at the gates of the encampment.

After killing the Upapandavas and the last remnants of the Panchalas, Ashwatthama returns to Duryodhana. He showed Duryodhana the blood on his sword which belonged to the Upapandavas, hearing Duryodhana peacefully left his body satisfied with revenge. Concomitant with Duryodhana's death, [[Sanjaya]] loses his divine sight, which he had been using to update Duryodhana's father Dhritarashtra. This symbolizes the conclusion to the war.

After the Pandavas retired, only Yudhishthira reached heaven alive. There, he saw Duryodhana, which shocked him. When asked by Yudhishthira, Narada replied that Duryodhana fulfilled his religious duties.<ref>https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m18/m18001.htm</ref>

==Evaluation==
{{More citations needed section|date=March 2021}}
Duryodhana is a popular choice of analysis. His merits, flaws, symbolism, and relevance are widely discussed.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

[[Urubhanga]]m is a [[Sanskrit]] play written by [[Bhasa]] in the 2nd or 3rd century AD with Duryodhana as its primary protagonist. Written as a tragedy, the drama focuses on his point of view of the events of Mahabharata. His portrayal as a tragic hero is especially unique within the body of works in [[Sanskrit drama]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Many [[Hindu]]s believe that Duryodhana was the personification of [[Kali (demon)|Kali]] with demoniac qualities such as greed, ego and lust. Many critics argue that he is not without positives; many consider Duryodhana as a fair king and there are temples dedicated to him and the [[Kauravas]]. Scholars believe that like most other characters of the [[Mahabharata]], the true picture is not [[black and white]]. His name is often mistaken to mean bad ruler, however, his name is actually coined from the Sanskrit words "du"/"duh" which means "difficult" and "yodhana" which means "fight"/"war".{{Citation needed|reason=Reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=August 2015}} So Duryodhana actually means ''someone who is extremely difficult to fight/defeat or wage war against''.

Duryodhana is viewed, by some, as the product of Dhritarashtra's ambition and also in a metaphorical sense, his "blindness". He is also praised for his adherence to his duties as a [[Kshatriya]], and even in his last combat, fights bravely. He chooses to face [[Bhima]] in combat over all the other [[Pandavas]], with whom he has an advantage in mace fighting. His skills in the mace are also praised; many stories call him the greatest mace-fighter of the age after [[Balarama]], Krishna and Bheema.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

===Friendship with Karna===

The friendship between [[Karna]] and Duryodhana is considered to be a great one, and is used as an example of friendship and loyalty.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last1=Vignesh|first1=Inba|title=The Greatest friends ever lived - Karna and Duriyoudan|url=http://www.hearty-india.com/2011/10/karan-and-dhuriyoudan-greatest-friends.html|website=India - The Land of Hearts|publisher=India - The Land of Hearts|access-date=15 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Friendship|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/religion/friendship/article2296494.ece|access-date=15 June 2017|agency=The Hindu|work=The Hindu}}</ref>
A lesser-known story is told about Karna, Duryodhana, and his wife Bhanumati, as an example of honest friendship.
With the help of Karna, Duryodhana married Bhanumati. According to the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana abducted Bhanumati, the maiden of the fairest complexion, from her [[swayamvara]] with the help of his best friend [[Karna]] in the wake of having been rejected by her.

As per a Tamil folktale, when Duryodhana had recently wedded Bhanumati, one day, he requested Karna to take care of her and entertain her for the evening as he had duties to be taken care of. To pass time, Karna and Bhanumati began playing a game of dice. The game soon got very interesting, engrossing the two of them completely. Gradually, Karna started winning. Meanwhile, Duryodhana had returned early and entered the room. Seeing her husband come in, Bhanumati immediately stood up as a mark of respect. Karna, whose back was facing the door, did not realize this and misconstrued her intent, thinking that she was leaving because she was on the losing side.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

He immediately reached for her pearl-trimmed shawl, and accidentally pulled so hard that the trimming broke, and the pearls were scattered all over the floor. Her veil also slipped along with the shawl, so she was half-dressed. Bhanumati, who was as yet, not so familiar with Karna, froze at the thought of how her husband would react. She had heard of his ego and had personally been present the last time he was insulted, which had resulted in her own abduction.{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Karna, following Bhanumati's stunned gaze, turned around to see Duryodhana observing them both carefully. He stood in shame, embarrassment and guilt, considering the wrath and inevitable punishment he was going to face from his friend. He was sure Duryodhana would immediately accuse them of impropriety. However, much to both their surprise, Duryodhana looked past Karna, and addressed his wife, ''"Should I just collect the beads, or would you like me to string them, as well?”{{Citation needed|date=March 2021}}''

Bhanumati and Karna could only look at each other in shock, mutely, feeling ashamed at the way they had both severely misjudged him. He had implicit faith and great love for his queen, and even greater was his faith in his friend Karna. Not for a moment did he suspect that the man he had considered his brother would ever betray him, and only quietly picked up the pearls trustfully. This story is not present in the [[Vyasa|Vyasa Mahabharata]], but is often commonly told when discussing Karna and Duryodhana's genuine friendship.<ref>https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/93789/5/05_chapter%203.pdf</ref>
[[File:Coronation of Karna.jpg|thumb|Coronation of Karna]]

===Modern Worship===
* At [[Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada Temple]] in [[Kerala]]'s [[Kollam|Kollam district]], Duryodhana is worshipped as the main deity. It is the only temple in [[South India]] where a [[Kaurava]] is considered a [[God]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malanada.com/ |title=Poruvazhy Peruviruthy Malanada | The one and only one Duryodhana Temple in South India |publisher=Malanada.com |access-date=2014-08-15}}</ref>
* In the [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region of [[Uttarakhand]], several beautifully carved temples are dedicated to Duryodhana and he is worshipped as the deity. The mountain tribes of [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] fought along with Duryodhana in the Mahabharata war; he was venerated as a capable and generous administrator.
* There is a temple in Osla, [[Garhwal division]] of Uttarakhand. This was built by the inhabitants of Saur. People believe he stayed here with the blessings of [[Mahasu Devta Temple|Lord Mahasu]] to care for the people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shrine for Duryodhana!|url=http://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-temple-for-duryodhana-in-the-himalayas/article18425964.ece?homepage=true|access-date=12 May 2017|work=The Hindu|date=11 May 2017}}</ref>

== In media ==
* ''[[Krishnavatara]]'' (Hindi: कृष्णअवतार), a series of seven novels written by Dr. [[K.M. Munshi]] ([[Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan]])
* ''Duryodhana'' by [[Viswanathan Raghunathan]] (2014, Harper Collins).

=== Television & films ===
*[[Mammootty]] played a character based on Duryodhana in the 1991 [[Kollywood]] film [[Thalapathi]]. The theme of the film is based on the friendship between [[Karna]] and Duryodhana.<ref>{{cite web|last1=R|first1=Narendran|title=Vintage Movie Review: A Review on Thalapathi|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-fans-Column/vintage-movie-review-a-review-on-thalapathi-thalpathi-visitor-review.html|access-date=18 February 2016|website=Behindwoods.com|publisher=Behindwoods.com}}</ref>
*[[Manoj Bajpayee]] played a character based on Duryodhana in the 2010 [[Bollywood]] film [[Raajneeti]].{{cn|date=January 2022}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Project !! Played by!! Country !! Language
|-
| 1964 ||''[[Karnan (1964 film)|Karnan]]''||[[S. A. Ashokan]]|| rowspan="3" | India || Tamil
|-
| 1977 ||''[[Daana Veera Shura Karna]]''||[[N. T. Rama Rao]]|| Telugu
|-
| 1988 ||''[[Mahabharat (1988 TV series)]]''||[[Puneet Issar]]|| Hindi
|-
| 1989 ||''[[The Mahabharata (1989 film)|The Mahabharata]]''||[[Georges Corraface]]|| Belgium Australia U.S. Sweden Portugal Norway Netherlands Japan Ireland Iceland Finland Denmark UK France || English
|-
| 1993 ||''[[Krishna (TV series)]]''|| Kumar Hegde|| rowspan="9" | India || Hindi
|-
| 2002 ||''[[Maharathi Karna (TV series)|Maharathi Karna]]''||[[Nimai Bali]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2008 ||''[[Kahaani Hamaaray Mahaabhaarat Ki]]''||[[Aryan Vaid]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Mahabharatham (TV series)]]''|| Vetri Vel|| Tamil
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Mahabharat (2013 TV series)|Mahabharat]]''||[[Arpit Ranka]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2013 ||''[[Mahabharat (2013 film)|Mahabharat]]''||[[Jackie Shroff]] (voice)|| Hindi
|-
| 2015 ||''[[Suryaputra Karn]]''||[[Shaleen Bhanot]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2018 ||''[[Karn Sangini]]''||[[Paras Chhabra]]|| Hindi
|-
| 2019 ||''[[Kurukshetra (2019 film)|Kurukshetra]]''||[[Darshan (actor)|Darshan]]||[[Kannada]], [[Malayalam]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], and [[Hindi]]
|-
|2018 -
|[[RadhaKrishn]]
|Krrip Kapur Suri
|India
|Hindi
|}

==See also==
*[[Kauravas]]
*[[Kali (demon)]]
*''[[Mahabharata]]''

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{notelist|30em}}
{{reflist|group=note}}

==References==
*''The Mahabharata'' (1999) by [[Krishna Dharma]]

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{commons category|Duryodhana}}

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100205123023/http://ancientindians.wordpress.com/duryodhana/ Duryodhana Temples and Lineage]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170304200505/http://www.freeindia.org/biographies/greatpersonalities/karna/page8.htm karna great personalities]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140317194726/http://newzfeaturez.com/2014/03/17/the-relevance-of-karna-and-duryodhanas-friendship-in-the-modern-indian-society/ THE RELEVANCE OF “KARNA AND DURYODHANA’S” FRIENDSHIP IN THE MODERN INDIAN SOCIETY]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108140058/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/from-duryodhanas-perspective/article7530151.ece From Duryodhana’s perspective]

{{Mahābhārata}}
{{HinduMythology}}

[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Forms of Kali (demon)]]

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-28T15:15:57Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Vasantraja(father), Vaishali (mother), Matrasena (brother), [[Shweta (Mahabharata)|Shweta]], Lata, Sudeshnavati, Indumatoi(sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Trilokapura]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayuri''' also known as '''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Vrushali, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

==Relation with Bhanumati==
She had cordial relations with the another or last wife of [[Duryodhana]], Bhanumati. Her loyalty can be described to [[Karna]], sometimes and Mayuri and Bhanumati had a love-relationship with [[Duryodhana]], she used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)]]. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Bhanumati, but she used to care about Bhanumati as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Bhanumati as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, Bhanumati, the wives of [[Duryodhana]], became his friends.
Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Bhanumati had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death.

Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)

2023-04-28T15:14:52Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara */

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Short description|Beloved wife of Duryodhana in Mahabharata}}
{{Infobox character
| family = Chitrangada (father), Vaishali (mother), Matrasena (brother), [[Shweta (Mahabharata)|Shweta]], Lata, Mridula (sisters)
| info-hdr = Information
| affiliation = [[Kuru (Kingdom)|Kuru]] Queen
| home = [[Kalinga]] (by birth), [[Hastinapura]] (By marriage)
| spouse = [[Duryodhana]]
| children = [[Lakshmanaa]] and [[Laxman Kumara]]
| color = #FFC569
| image = File:The spouse of Duryodhan, described to the fairest of all.jpg
|caption = An illustration of Mayuri
}}'''Mayuri''' also known as '''Mayurī''' is the wife of [[Duryodhana]] and mother of [[Laxman Kumara]] and Lakshmanaa in folklores. She is one of the antagonists of the epic [[Mahabharata]] and she is the daughter in law of [[Dhritarashtra]] and [[Gandhari (Mahabharata)|Gandhari]]. She is a good friend of Supriya, [[Karna]]'s second wife.

Mayuri is a prominent character in the epic [[Mahabharata]]. She is known basically as the wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She is the only one who is a mother [[Laxman Kumara]] and his sister [[Lakshmanaa]]. In the ''Mahabharata'', Duryodhana's wife is mentioned four or five times, the complexion of beauty, and she was a Maharani of [[Hastinapura]], capital of the [[Kuru Kingdom]].

==Information==
She is mentioned in the [[Shanti Parva]] about her marriage and kidnappings and in [[Stri Parva]] Mayuri lose [[Duryodhana]]. After the death of [[Duryodhana]], Mayuri committed Sati.

==Marriage of Duryodhana and Mayuri==
===Story===
Duryodhana's marriage is found in the Shanti Parva of Mahabharata. The tale of the Swayamvar of Chitrangada's daughter is narrated by Narada, the god sage. The text never mentions the name of the princess but states that she is fair and beautiful.{{sfn|Chakravarti|2007}}

Duryodhana was invited to the [[Svayamvara]] of the daughter of King Chitrangada of [[Kalinga (Mahabharata)|Kalinga]]. Duryodhana went to the city of Rajapura, taking along his dear friend [[Karna]]. Many legendary rulers like [[Shishupala]], [[Jarasandha]], Bhishmaka, Vakra, Kapotaroman, Nila, [[Rukmi]], Sringa, Asoka, Satadhanwan etc. attended the ceremony. After the commencing of the ceremony, the lovely princess entered the arena with a garland in her hand, surrounded by her nursemaid and bodyguards. As she was being informed about the names of the participants & their lineage, she walked away from Duryodhana. Duryodhana refuses to accept her rejection and already smitten by the princess, took her away on his chariot challenging other suitors to beat him & Karna. Karna successfully battled with the rest of the suitors to protect his friend. Karna easily defeated the pursuing Kings and the other royal suitors abandoned their pursuit after seeing Karna's fighting prowess. On reaching [[Hastinapur]], Duryodhana justified his act by giving the example of his great grandfather [[Bhishma]] abducting three princesses of [[Kingdom of Kashi|Kashi]] for his stepbrother, [[Vichitravirya]]. Finally, the fair lady consented and married Duryodhana.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Anonymous|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ygA2240G74kC&q=Narada+said%2C+%27Having+thus+obtained+weapons+from+him+of+Bhrigu%27s+race%2C+Karna+began+to+pass+his+days+in+great+joy%2C+in+the+company+of+Duryodhana%2C+O+bull+of+Bharata%27s+race.&pg=PT7783|title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa (Complete)|publisher=Library of Alexandria|isbn=978-1-4655-2637-3|language=en}}</ref>

Mayuri's story end with Gandhari's mentions after Duryodhana's death. In the Mahabharata, it is never mentioned if she married another man.

==In the Mahabharata==

She was described by her mother-in-law Gandhari,[[Duryodhana]] loved his wife Mayuri so much. Duryodhana and Mayuri had two children: [[Laxman Kumara]] and [[Lakshmana]]. Gandhari describes her daughter in law to Krishna,

{{Blockquote|Behold, the beloved wife of Duryodhana and mother of Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumara, the Queen of Hastinapura, the woman who was with her friend, Supriya, who is the beautiful princess of Kalinga, The Daughter of Chitrangada and Vaishali, the woman who was sorrowing for her husband, Duryodhana, the woman who committed Sati and who mourned for her husband and son who died during the war, Mayuri fell on her heroic spouse, Duryodhana's breast, the king of Hastinapura|Gandhari|Translated By Kisari Mohan Ganguli}}

==Lakshmanaa's Swayamvara==
At the time of [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]'s marriage, her father [[Duryodhana]] held a [[Swayamvara]] and invited many princes. [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] heard this and wanted to marry [[Draft:Lakshmanā (Daughter of Duryodhana and Mayuri)|Lakshmanā]]. [[Duryodhana]] eventually invited him also. Lakshmanaa came with a beautiful garland in her hand and came to choose her husband, but when she saw [[Samba (Krishna's son)|Samba]] he kidnapped her from her [[Svayamvara]].

Her beauty was immense for [[Duryodhana]] and so he had kidnapped her. [[Karna]] also was with [[Duryodhana]] but as he died, she had commited sati and so Lakshmanaa, their daughter, too commited sati as her husband, Samba, was dead. In [[Kerala]], Mayuri is given the title "Mayureshwari" for Mayuri is worshipped with [[Duryodhana]]. In the [[Yakshagana]] plays, [[Duryodhana]] is played and is further referred to some extent as Kondadakuli.

===Duryodhan's love===
She was a very beautiful girl who a played a role in Duryodhana's life. [[Karna]] and [[Shakuni]] chose her as a wife of [[Duryodhana]]. She had a love on [[Arjuna]] but for her father's wish, she didn't marry him and married Duryodhan, the main antagonist of the hindu epic [[Mahabharata]]. Mayuri remained silent after the death of Duryodhana, her spouse. But, she cursed [[Bhima]] for killing their husband. She was very concern about him till his death. Mayuri, still didn't forget about his memories when Duryodhana was dead peacefully. Mayuri's maids told her about the death of her husband, which was shocking for them. [[Draupadi]] consoled [[Gandhari]] when Duryodhana died.

===Blessing Lakshmanaa and Laxman Kumar===
She blessed her son for the [[Kurukshetra War]] but he was killed by [[Abhimanyu]], the son of [[Pandava]] prince [[Arjuna]] and Yadava princess, [[Subhadra]]. With the death of her husband, Mayuri mourned for her husband and her son while her daughter was kidnapped in front of [[Duryodhana]] which made him angry.

Because of this problem, Duryodhana's wife Mayuri suffered. [[Kunti]] consoles her. Mayuri still think for [[Duryodhana]], the love of her life. She was a heart for him (Duryodhana), she had immense and more love for him, some folktales describe that Mayuri, without the recongize for her husband, married [[Arjuna]] and became his wife. Some folklores also describe Mayuri, did not marry [[Arjuna]] as she was concerned for his death.

==Relation with Bhanumati==
She had cordial relations with the another or last wife of [[Duryodhana]], Bhanumati. Her loyalty can be described to [[Karna]], sometimes and Mayuri and Bhanumati had a love-relationship with [[Duryodhana]], she used to never fight with anyone for small reasons. Her behaviour was extremely good with [[Bhanumati (wife of Duryodhana)]]. Generally, Mayuri is not the sister of Bhanumati, but she used to care about Bhanumati as a elder one. As Mayuri had many siblings, she included Bhanumati as a so- called sister. Her adjustment with [[Karna]] was a complex, and Mayuri, Bhanumati, the wives of [[Duryodhana]], became his friends.
Mayuri was also a friend of [[Duhsala]], her husband, [[Duryodhana]]'s sister. Since, Mayuri was her sister-in-law, Dushala used to call her,"Didi" in respect, means a big sister. Mayuri and Bhanumati had also respect to [[Jayadratha]], Dushala's husband. Most of the stories say she is one of the most arrogant lady in [[Mahabharat]] but she acted like [[Duryodhana]] after his death.

User talk:2402:8100:3842:8BDB:E821:CAFF:FE53:64FF

2023-04-28T15:12:35Z

Liona Fernandes: Created page with "ill slap you idiot rascal"

ill slap you idiot rascal

Dhanumati (wife of Dhrishtadyumna )

2023-04-28T15:05:59Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Distinguish|Bhanumati}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
Dhanumati is the wife of [[Dhrishtadyumna]], the warrior of the [[Panchala|Panchala Kingdom]] and the son of King [[Drupada]]{{ref|This story echoes when Arjuna did to Subhadra}}. He is the brother of [[Draupadi]] and [[Shikhandi]]. It's said that [[Dhrishtadyumna]] not only had one wife, but many wives. Her name echoes with "Bhanumati ", the second wife of [[Duryodhana]]. Sometimes, she is depicted as the friend of [[Draupadi]], who was close to her. [[Duryodhana]] found a way to kidnap her but Dhanumati however escapes and goes with [[Dhrishtadyumna]] into his chariot{{efn|Dhanumati is sometimes depicted as the incarnation of goddess Jyoti, the daughter of Shiva}}. Her legends are basically unknown in [[Mahabharata]], but for the wide of [[Dhrishtadyumna]], mainly Shashwathi is mentioned. Shashirekha is mentioned to be the daughter of [[Brihadratha]] and the sister of King [[Jarasandha]]{{efn|Not more is mentioned about Dhanumati or Shashirekha}}. Dhanumati had beautiful features just like [[Bhanumati (Mahabharata)|Bhanumati]] and [[Draft:Mayuri (wife of Duryodhana)|Mayuri]]. So, [[Dhrishtadyumna]] won her hand in the [[Swayamvara]] and so her father married her off to [[Dhrishtadyumna]], knowing he is a learned prince. More stories say, she is the daughter of [[Bhagadatta]], son of [[Narakasura]] and his wife, Maya{{ref|mentioned in some stories as daughter}}. [[Vyasa]] simplified Dhanumati's stories into a different way so that people cannot be confused as people can think Dhanumati can be either Bhanumati's name. And then, later, [[Kauravas]] were added to the stories, to simplify [[Subhadra]]'s story. The texts of [[Bhagavata Purana]] mention, her father as [[Bhagadatta]] in some versions.

Mostly, she is mentioned in some of the texts in [[Bhagavata Purana]] and some other texts. The mentions in other [[Puranas]] are unnamed but she is most likely to mentioned in [[Vayu Purana]] of [[Mahabharata]], or [[Garuda Purana]].

==References==
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{reflist}}

<references group="lower-alpha"/>
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Characters in the Mahabharata]]

Rani Devamala

2023-04-27T17:05:34Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Sources|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox royalty|title=Rani|succession=Empress of the [[Shunga dynasty]]|name=Devamala|spouse=[[Pushyamitra Shunga]]|issue=[[Agnimitra]]|father = Devakumara Raya Jadhav|full name=Vedikamati - Raya - Jadhav|dynasty = [[Shunga]]|religion = [[Hinduism]]|successor = Dharini}}
'''Devamala''' ([[Sanskrit]]:देवमला, or Devamati (देवमती), full name: Vedikamati- Raya -Jadhava) is a queen regnant of the [[Shunga dynasty]] and the wife of King [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] and mother of [[Agnimitra]] and the daughter of King Devakumara Raya Jadhav. She married [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] at a very young age, and became a mother of one prince known [[Agnimitra]]. The lesser known facts of Devamala are she is also called by many names and some names were kept by her husband, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]. Some origins are unnamed about her in some legends, mostly in other parts, the stories mention the daughter of King Devakumara Raya Jadhav's daughter Princess Devamala's marriage to King [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]. But, hence, after giving birth to a child, Devamala and her husband [[Pushyamitra Shunga|Pushyamitra]] named the baby as [[Agnimitra]]. Agnimitra, like his father, Pushyamitra Shunga, married three princesses known - Dharini, Iravati and Malavika. Later, Devamala's son, Agnimitra, had sons namely [[Vasumitra]] and many others. After the death of her husband, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]], Devamala too dies naturally after the birth of Vasumitra. It's described she was kidnapped by [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] for rejecting him for his marriage. Without the king's permission, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] made Devamala, his queen. The information about Queen Devamala is not mentioned in [[History]] but mentioned in other sources. It is described that [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] loved her immensely. {{efn|Devamala is the daughter of King Raya Jadhava and the mother of Agnimitra and wife of Pushyamitra Shunga}}

==In Hindu Scriptures==
===Kidnappiation of Devamala===
Once, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] saw a beautiful girl named Devamala, he fell in love with her and wanted to marry her. But he wanted her father to marry her off to him, but he refused. So, he kidnapped his daughter, Devamala, for not giving her hand in marriage.

===Birth of Agnimitra===
Agnimitra, was a son born to [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] and his wife, Devamala after the marriage. When Agnimitra, grew up, he started behaving like his father but his mother, Devamala was a poor and innocent woman who is known as unnamed in [[History]].

===In History===
She is known unnamed in [[History]], because, in History, her information is well written in small words but they have little information about her and her husband's successor, [[Agnimitra]].

She becomes the mother in law of Agnimitra's wives -
* Dharini
* Iravati
* Malavika
These wives used to obey their mother in law and hence Devamala was known as "Devi - Rani Devamati athva Devamala ", entitled by her husband, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]. The mentions about [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] are very popular than the information of his family. The queen died when [[Agnimitra]]'s second son [[Vasumitra]] was born. After her, her daughter in law, Dharini, succeeded the throne and [[Agnimitra]] succeeded his father's throne.

==Becoming the Empress of Shunga dynasty==
She was the wife of [[Brihadratha Maurya|Brihadratha]]'s minister [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] and the mother of her husband's successor, [[Agnimitra]]. She was the daughter of King Devakumara Raya Jadhav who was a good ruler of some kingdom but it's unnamed in some stories. She is the grandmother of Emperor [[Vasujyeshtha]] and Emperor [[Vasumitra]], from her son, [[Agnimitra]].

She became the queen of [[Shunga]] after marrying [[Pushyamitra Shunga]]. Her age was 28 at that time, when she was kidnapped, and [[Pushyamitra Shunga|Pushyamitra]] married her in 567 BCE at the earliest.
Some stories name her Shrutimati in other stories usually but not so far. The story happens when the time-line ends with Agnimitra's birth, the son of [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] and Devamala. The timeline starts when [[Brihadratha Maurya]] was killed and birth of [[Agnimitra]], afterwards. Princess Devamala then accepted Pushyamitra Shunga, as her husband and bore him a son named [[Agnimitra]]. Basically, [[Agnimitra]] was taken care by his mother Devamala, when he was small and a learning child. However, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] had married one princess, that was Devamala and he did not marry other women after marrying, Devamala. She is known as the "Rani of Shunga Empire" because she married the Shunga Emperor, [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] and became a mother of a son named [[Agnimitra]]. She was succeeded by her daughter in law, Dharini.

==In the Shunga Period==
The ruling of Maurya period started, when Princess Devamala was unmarried at that time. [[Pushyamitra Shunga]] searched every kingdom for a princess but then he found Devamala and without her father's permission, he kidnapped her.
This story tells us about the [[Mahabharata]] character, [[Duryodhana]] who kidnapped two princesses from two kingdoms.

She is the friend of [[Devi (wife of Ashoka)|Devi]], wife of [[Ashoka]]. After her, her daughter in laws started to rule [[Shunga dynasty]]. Dharini was the first one who ruled it and the second was Iravati. After this, all women started ruling the kingdom. The first Shunga Empress was known, the Queen regnant Devamala.

==References==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
{{reflist}}
[[Category:4th century Indian people]]

[[Category: History]]

Padmavatigupta

2023-04-27T16:13:52Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Early life */

{{Infobox royalty|name=Padmavatigupta|succession=[[Gupta Empire|Gupta Queen]]|consort=[[Purugupta]]|predecessor=|spouse=[[Purugupta]]|dynasty=[[Gupta Empire|Gupta]]|religion=[[Hinduism]]|issue=*[[Kumaragupta II]]
*[[Vainyagupta]]
*[[Narasimhagupta]]
*[[Budhagupta]]|successor=Shrimitradevi}}

'''Padmavati''', '''Padmini''' or also known as '''Padmavatigupta''' was a wife of [[Purugupta]] who ruled the [[Gupta Empire]] as a ruler. Her name ''Padmini'' or ''Padmavati'' may come in the stone inscriptions of King [[Bhanugupta]], as his daughter. Her life was in a tragic story when her story life was ended in a beautiful way, somecopper plates of her husband, Purugupta may describe she was a very good friend of [[Prabhavatigupta]]. She was legal in history but was not familiar in that era. She was most likely the mother of [[Kumaragupta II]].

Padmavati too tried her best but successfully she had ruled the [[Gupta Empire]] as regent for her husband. Bhanugupta was a womanizer but some sources describe him being as a father of Padmavati. He married princess Hemavati but didn't spend much time with her and wanted to marry Padmavati. She felt disgusting and refused to marry him as he was already married. For not accepting the proposal, Bhanugupta made a plan to kidnap Padmavati and sex with her. [[Purugupta]] didn't allow [[Bhanugupta]] to marry her as Shrimitradevi was very strict with Bhanugupta. He didn't like his own wife, Hemavati but wanted to marry Padmavati. Scared Padmavati did suicide and left [[Purugupta]] as Bhanugupta will catch her. After the death of Queen Padmavati, Purugupta did not marry another women as she was his very favorite wife. The word Padmavati may also refer to Rani Padmavati, wife of [[Ratnasimha]].

==Early life==
Queen Padmavati was the daughter of [[Bhanugupta]] and Queen Hemavati according to the stone inscriptions of [[Purugupta]]. We don't have any mention about which dynasty, she belonged to. She also had four sons with [[Purugupta]] - [[Kumaragupta II]], [[Vainyagupta]], [[Narasimhagupta]] and [[Budhagupta]]. After the death of her friend, Prabhavati's husband, [[Rudrasena II]], she advised her friend to come with her for taking care of the three children of [[Prabhavatigupta]]. Bhanugupta took advantage of Prabhavati, just because she was a widow. Padmavati took care of her son as well as her friend's son. She was very frightened that if Bhanugupta came, there is no way to be rescued from him. So, Prabhavati readily agreed to go with her. But as soon as she left the [[Vakataka dynasty]], Bhanugupta suddenly came in front of them to kidnap one woman. Prabhavati, however pushes Bhanugupta and goes away with her friend, Padmavati. It is said she died in [[Vijaynagar]].

==Friends with Prabhavati==
She was a good friend of Prabhavati and accompanied her during the death of [[Rudrasena II]]. She also felt very bad when Rudrasen II died and left Prabhavati when she was young with her three children. The Children were also missing their father. However, Padmavati had a good relation with her. Some people say that her other name was ''Padmadevi''.
[[Category:Gupta Empire]]

Padmavatigupta

2023-04-27T15:56:52Z

Liona Fernandes: /* Early life */

Anaghavati (Chola dynasty)

2023-04-25T17:59:35Z

Liona Fernandes:

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Short description|Wife of Vijayalaya Chola}}{{Infobox royalty|name=Anagha அனகவதி சோழன்
(Aṉakavati)|succession=Empress consort of the [[Chola dynasty]]|spouse=[[Vijayalaya Chola]]|issue=[[Aditya I]]}}

'''Anagha''', '''Anagamdeviyar''', or '''Anaghavati''' was the queen consort of the [[Chola dynasty]], and was earlier a princess of the [[Tomara dynasty]]. She married the chola king, [[Vijayalaya Chola]] and had a son with him named [[Aditya I]]. The copper plates describe various deeds of Anaghavati Chola. In the versions of this dynasty, she is known as '''Anagamdeviyar''' in some books or written records. Anagha, was a beautiful lady whom she loved [[Vijayalaya Chola]]. The meeting of the king and the queen was written in a Tamil inscription stating Queen Anagha was beautiful, and King [[Vijayalaya]] thought not to marry another woman. Because of her, the Chola Empire increased very greatly. She was one of the beautiful consorts of Vijayalaya.

==Mother of Aditya I==
She was the queen of ''Vijayalaya Chola'', whom he loved the most. Queen Anagha is famous as the mother of King Aditya Chola Deva. In Tamil, she is known as Aṉakavati as her name is written in Tamil. The [[Rigveda]] describes Queen Anagha as the famous queen -

{{Cquote|The wife of King Vijayalaya, quee consort of the chola Empire. The queen who famous for architecture. The queen who was related to Queen Sembiyanmadeviyar, the righteous mother of King Aditya Chola and one of the most beautiful queens of the Chola dynasty. Princess Kundavai relates to this queen.

Queen Anagha was succeeded by her daughter in law, ''Tribhuvanamadeviyar'' in the later period. Her death was fortunately unknown, but as inscriptions describe that she died during the death of King Vijayalaya. She blessed her son with good health.}}

Anaghavati (Chola dynasty)

2023-04-25T17:59:20Z

Liona Fernandes:

Anaghavati (Chola dynasty)

2023-04-25T17:58:44Z

Liona Fernandes: