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List of Gujarati films of 2026

2026-05-08T16:22:24Z

Leonpcs: started initial page first draft

{{Short description|List of Gujarati language films released in 2026}}
{{incomplete list|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2025}}
This is a list of [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati language films]] released or scheduled to release in 2026.

==January–March==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|rowspan=2|1 January
|''Bicharo Bachelor''
|Comedy
|Vipul Sharma
|Tushar Sadhu, Twinkle Patel, Riddhi Dangar, Shivani Pancholi, Prashant Barot, Jay Pandya, Anchal Shah
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/news/bicharo-bachelor-first-poster-out-tushar-sadhu-promises-a-laughter-riot-with-new-gujarati-comedy/articleshow/125490330.cms |title=‘Bicharo Bachelor’ first poster out: Tushar Sadhu promises a laughter riot with new gujarati comedy |date=21 November 2025|work=[[Times of India]]|access-date=21 November 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''Tu Male To Utssav''
|Drama
|Harin Thaker
|Jigarr Shah, Sonu Chandrapal, Sagar Panchal, Khusbu Trivedi, Ragi Jani
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/tu-male-to-utssav/ET00474813|title=Tu Male To Utsav (2026)|access-date=31 December 2025}}</ref>
|-
|9 January
|''[[Jai Kanhaiyalall Ki]]''
|Drama
|Dharmessh Mehta
|[[Siddharth Randeria]], [[Hitu Kanodia]], [[Aneri Vajani]], Shrey Maradiya, [[Vaishali Thakkar]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/jai-kanhaiyalal-ki-motion-poster-release-shoot-starts-tomorrow-136072533.html |title='જય કનૈયાલાલ કી'નું મોશન પોસ્ટર રિલીઝ:'તારક મહેતા' ફેમ ધર્મેશ મહેતા સિદ્ધાર્થ રાંદેરિયા અને હિતુ કનોડિયાની ફિલ્મનું ડિરેક્શન કરશે |date=2 October 2025|work=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|access-date=31 October 2025}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3| 16 January
|''Mauje Dariya''
|Drama
|Parry Majumdar
|Taksh Shah, Siddharth Dolli, Nishma Soni, [[Manav Gohil]], Hitul Pujara, Prashant Barot, Kamlesh Oza Hemin Trivedi, Hitesh Thakkar, Prakul Pandita
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mauje Dariya|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/mauje-dariya/ET00478106 |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''School Days''
|Drama
|Jayesh Trivedi
|[[Mehul Buch]], Mamta Soni, Chetan Daiya, Shekhar Shukla, Varun Dave, Devarsh Dave, Jignesh Modi, Falu Dave, Nirali Oza, Amar Kubavat
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=School Days|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/school-days/ET00478122 |access-date=2025-12-28 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|''Thata Thai Gyu Ta Ta Thaiya''
|Drama
|Bhavesh Gorasiya
|Sanjay Galsar, Sanjaysinh Chauhan, Hemang Shah, Vidhi Shah, Bhavika Khatri, Aanshi Barot, Bhavini Jani, Bharat Thakkar
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thata Thai Gyu Ta Ta Thaiya|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/thata-thai-gyu-ta-ta-thaiya/ET00479673 |access-date=2026-01-03 |website=BookMyShow |language=en-IN}}</ref>
|-
|23 January
|''Mobile Ni Side Effects''
|Drama
|Chandani Shah
|Mamta Soni, Saurabh Rajguru, Dhwanit Shah
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/mobile-ni-side-effects/ET00482513|title=Mobile Ni Side Effects|access-date=23 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|30 January
|''Chaurangi''
|Drama
|Vinod Parmar
|[[Sanjay Goradia]], [[Deeksha Joshi]], Sonali Lele Desai, Sohni Bhatt, Makrand Shukla, Nijal Modi, Mukesh Rao, Magan Luhar, Vaibhav Biniwale, Neel Bhatt, Riddhi Yadav
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/chaurangi/ET00476290|title=Chaurangi (2026)|access-date= 1 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
|''Malumadi''
|Drama
|Milan Joshi
|Bharati Thakkar, Aakash Pandya, Priyam Talaviya, Diya Bhatt
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarati-cinema-2026-releases-malumadi-ka-kha-ga-gha-baherupiyo-posters-136855734.html|title=ગુજરાતી સિનેમામાં વર્ષ 2026નો ધમાકેદાર પ્રારંભ:'મલુમાડી', 'ક ખ ગ ઘ' અને 'બહેરૂપિયો' જેવી વૈવિધ્યસભર ફિલ્મોના પોસ્ટર અને રિલીઝ ડેટ રિવીલ કરાયા |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Paatki]]''
|Thriller
|Abhinay Deshmukh
|[[Hiten Tejwani]], [[Shraddha Dangar]], Gaurav Paswala,[[Suchita Trivedi]], Ujjval Dave, Karan Joshi, Nilesh Parmar, Makrand Shukla
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ 'પાતકી'નું મોશન પોસ્ટર રિલીઝ:શ્રદ્ધા ડાંગર- ગૌરવ પાસવાલા સ્ટારર થ્રિલર ફિલ્મમાં 'લાલો' ફેમ કરન જોષીની પણ ધમાકેદાર ભૂમિકા|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarati-film-paatki-motion-poster-release-shraddha-dangar-gaurav-paswala-karan-joshi-videos-136559599.html |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|6 February
|''Harpalde Shakti Na Amar Ajavada''
|Devotional
|Jitubhai Jadeja
|Jeet Upendra, [[Mehul Buch]], Bhavini Jani
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Harpalde Shakti Na Amar Ajavada|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/harpalde-shakti-na-amar-ajavada/ET00485239 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Lagan Laagii Re]]''
|Romance
|Saandeep Patel
|[[Malhar Thakar]], [[Aarohi Patel]], Tatsat Munshi, Aarati Vyas Patel, Ragi Jani, [[Hemang Dave]], Makrand Shukla
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=વેલેન્ટાઇન વીકમાં લાગશે પ્રેમની ધૂન!:આરોહી, તત્સત અને મલ્હાર સ્ટારર 'લગન લાગી રે'નું પોસ્ટર રિવીલ; 6 ફેબ્રુઆરીએ રિલીઝ થશે ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/lagan-lagi-re-poster-release-malhar-thakar-arohi-patel-valentine-week-release-136824755.html |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|''Maher Karo Maa Meldi''
|Drama
|Nilesh Mehta
|Nirav Kalal, Arzu Limbachiya, Rajiv Panchal, Pooja Soni
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Maher Karo Maa Meldi|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/maher-karo-maa-meldi/ET00485308 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Pass Na Pass''
|Comedy
|Rafiq Talukdar
|[[Malhar Pandya]], Jasmin Patel, Dharmesh Vyas, [[Adi Irani]], Prashant Barot
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pass Na Pass|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/pass-na-pass/ET00060965 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=3|13 February
|''Black Birthday''
|Thriller
|Birjesh Bauddh Shahid Ali
|Arjav Trivedi, Yogita Patel, Chetan Daiya, Smit Joshi, Magan Luhar, Dhruvee Soni, Jitendra Thakkar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Black Birthday|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/black-birthday/ET00486276 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Master Mind''
|Thriller
|Barkat Wadhwania
|[[Sanjay Goradia]], Nadeem Wadhwania, Jignesh Modi, Hemang Shah, Nisarg Trivedi, Manoj Rao, Yamini Joshi, Kalpesh Patel, Gaurang JD
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Master Mind|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/master-mind-2026/ET00486124 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Surti Locho''
|Comedy
|Sanjeev Jain
|Parag Malam, Grancy Kaneria, Himanshu Pathak, Poonam Sharma, Rajnish Rana, Nimesh Maheriya
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Surti Locho|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/surti-locho/ET00484974 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|20 February
|''Behadd''
|Drama
|Ankoosh Bhatt
|Danish Gandhi, [[Hitu Kanodia]], Jahnvi Chauhan, Nimesh Diliprai, [[Sanjay Goradia]]
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Behadd|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/behadd/ET00485620 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Hi-Fi Bako''
|Drama
|Nishith Brahmbhatt
|Muni Jha, Prenal Oberai, Samarth Sharma, Bhavini Jani, Kalpesh Patel
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hi-Fi Bako|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/hi-fi-bako/ET00488071 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=4|27 February
|''K Kh G Gh''
|Drama
|Akhil Kotak
|[[Mona Thiba]], [[Hitu Kanodia]], Bhavini Jani, Jitendra Thakkar, [[Arvind Vegda]], Shounak Vyas, Deepa Trivedi,
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarati-cinema-2026-releases-malumadi-ka-kha-ga-gha-baherupiyo-posters-136855734.html|title=ગુજરાતી સિનેમામાં વર્ષ 2026નો ધમાકેદાર પ્રારંભ:'મલુમાડી', 'ક ખ ગ ઘ' અને 'બહેરૂપિયો' જેવી વૈવિધ્યસભર ફિલ્મોના પોસ્ટર અને રિલીઝ ડેટ રિવીલ કરાયા |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Ka Kha Ga Gha|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/ka-kha-ga-gha/ET00486198 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Laagani No Melo ''
|Drama
|Rajan Ramgopal Verma
| Arjav Trivedi, Rutvi Patel, Sanjay Galsar, Katha Patel, [[Anang Desai]], Bhavini JAni
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Laagani No Melo|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/laagni-no-melo/ET00486052 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Shakti ''
|Drama
|Bhavin Trivedi
| [[Mona Thiba]], Morli Patel, Chetan Daiya, Prakash Gadhvi, Dinesh Lamba, Kashish Rathore
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Shakti Mari|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/shakti/ET00488922 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Tu Duniya Chhe Mari ''
|Drama
|Prem Gadhavi, Ishan Rajput, Ravi Rana
| [[Vikram Thakor]], Riya Jaiswal, Jitu Pandya, Mitresh Verma
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tu Duniya Chhe Mari|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/mumbai/tu-duniya-chhe-mari/ET00488966 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3|13 March
|''Marm – Ek Bhed ''
|Thriller
|Kanu Prajapati
| Vaishakhee Shah, Mir Hanif, Grancy Kaneria, Parmeshwar Sirsikar
|<ref>{{Cite news |title= Marm – Ek Bhed|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/marm-ek-bhed/ET00490951 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Tu Geeta Hu Kurbaan ''
|Romance
|Bhavesh Gorasia
| Shiv Upadhyay, Kruzin Singhania, Hemali Gohil, Moulik Pathak, Hitesh Raval, Ratan Rangwani
|<ref>{{Cite news |title= Tu Geeta Hu Kurbaan|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/tu-geeta-hu-kurbaan/ET00490954 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|''Adhuri Vaat ''
|Drama
|Keyur Patel
| Uren Kumar, Bhoomi Somani, Jignesh Modi
|<ref>{{Cite news |title= Adhuri Vaat |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/ahmedabad/adhuri-vaat/ET00491299 |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|}

==April–June==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan=2 |17 April
|''Laagni''
|Drama
|Rahul Vegad
|Jagjeetsinh Vadher, Pankti Patel, Jignesh Modi, [[Firoz Irani]], Mir Hanif
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/laagni/ET00493852|title=Laagni |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|Kuka is Money Cash
|Drama
|Himanshu Patel
|Samarth Sharma, Utkarsh Khatri, Meggha Bhatti, Bharat Thakkar, Kinnal Nayak, Dency Patel, Chetan Daiya, [[Arvind Vegda]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/kuka-is-money-cash/ET00494548|title=Kuka is Money Cash |newspaper=Book My Show}}</ref>
|-
|24 April
|''[[Behrupiyo]]''
|Thriller
|Raja Sanjay Choksi
|[[Kinjal Rajpriya]], Jayesh More, [[Denisha Ghumra]], Neeta Paryani, Aakash Ahuja, Deep Sheth, Aasheema Vardaan
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarati-cinema-2026-releases-malumadi-ka-kha-ga-gha-baherupiyo-posters-136855734.html|title=ગુજરાતી સિનેમામાં વર્ષ 2026નો ધમાકેદાર પ્રારંભ:'મલુમાડી', 'ક ખ ગ ઘ' અને 'બહેરૂપિયો' જેવી વૈવિધ્યસભર ફિલ્મોના પોસ્ટર અને રિલીઝ ડેટ રિવીલ કરાયા |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|1 May
|''Dhabkaro''
|Comedy
|[[Abhishek Shah]]
|[[Deven Bhojani]], Aarjav Trivedi
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/dhabakaromovieabhishek-shahdhvnimuhuratlatest-film2025news-updates-135774777.html|title=ગુજરાતી ફિલ્મ 'ધબકારો'નું શૂટિંગ શરૂ:નેશનલ અવૉર્ડ વિનર અભિષેક શાહની નવી ફિલ્મમાં દેવેન ભોજાણી-આર્જવ ત્રિવેદી લીડ રોલમાં |newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|8 May
|''[[Vaanki Chuki Love Story]]''
|Drama
|[[Dhwani Gautam]]
|[[Puja Joshi]], [[Parikshit Tamaliya]], Bhavin Bhanushali, Miloni Jhonsa, [[Dharmesh Vyas]], [[Surbhi Javeri Vyas]], Chetan Daiya, [[Hemang Dave]], Akash Pandya, Hemin Trivedi, Satvi Chokshi
|<ref>{{Cite news|url= https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/vanki-chuki-love-story-new-song-fagan-phorom-release-holi-vibes-137330398.html|title= ધુળેટીના રંગોમાં ભળશે ફિલ્મી સ્વેગ!:‘વાંકી ચૂંકી લવ સ્ટોરી’નું નવું ગીત ‘ફાગણ ફોરમ’ રિલીઝ, જુઓ અઘોરી મ્યુઝિકનો અંદાજ અને હોળીની વાઇબ્સ|newspaper= Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|15 May
|''Dharpakad''
|Thriller
|Anish Shah
|[[Malhar Thakar]], Shruhad Goswami, Jay Bhatt, Prashant Barot, Partik Rathod
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarat-digital-arrest-film-dharpakad-shubh-mangala-dhamal-release-137712900.html|title=મલ્હાર-શ્રુહદ ને તુષાર-વ્યોમાની જોડી કરશે ચાહકોનું મનોરંજન:પહેલી ડિજિટલ અરેસ્ટ પર આધારિત ફિલ્મ 'ધરપકડ' 15 મીએ તો 'શુભ મંગલ ધમાલ' 22મેએ થિયેટર્સમાં ધૂમ મચાવશે|newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|22 May
|''Shubh Managal Dhamal''
|Comedy
|Vipul Sharma,
|Tushar Sadhu, [[Vyoma Nandi]], Khushbhu Trivedi, Akash Pandya, Jay Pandya, Ragi Jani, Archan Trivedi, Prashant Barot
|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarat-digital-arrest-film-dharpakad-shubh-mangala-dhamal-release-137712900.html|title=મલ્હાર-શ્રુહદ ને તુષાર-વ્યોમાની જોડી કરશે ચાહકોનું મનોરંજન:પહેલી ડિજિટલ અરેસ્ટ પર આધારિત ફિલ્મ 'ધરપકડ' 15 મીએ તો 'શુભ મંગલ ધમાલ' 22મેએ થિયેટર્સમાં ધૂમ મચાવશે|newspaper=Divya Bhaskar}}</ref>
|-
|29 May
|''Kabanda''
|Action, Drama
|Rehan Chaudhary
|Shyam Nair, Tarjanee Bhadla, Brinda Trivedi
|<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/kabanda/ET00493449|title= Kabanda|newspaper= Book My Show}}</ref>
|}

==July–September==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| 16 July
|''Damaru''
| Comedy
| Hardeek Pareekh
| [[Sanjay Goradia]], Naksh Raj, Nirav Vaidya, Saurabh Rajyaguru,Maulik Chauhan, [[Hemang Dave]], Makrand Shukla
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/gujarati-cinema-new-trend-creature-comedy-damru-rathyatra-137736256.html |title=ગુજરાતી સિનેમામાં નવો વળાંક:પહેલીવાર જોવા મળશે 'ક્રિએચર કોમેડી' તો બીજી બાજુ રથયાત્રાના દિવસે મલ્ટી-સ્ટારર 'ડમરુ' ખોલશે કેટલાય રાઝ|work=Divya Bhaskar|access-date=19 April 2026}}</ref>
|-
| 28 August
|''Asambhauuu''
| Drama
| Parth Trivedi
| [[Raunaq Kamdar]], [[Mitra Gadhavi]], Shivani Bhardwaj, Tatsat Munshi, Chetan Daiya
| <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/entertainment/news/vaishal-shah-anand-pandit-new-film-asambhavaauuu-release-rakshabandhan-137693431.html |title=રક્ષાબંધનના દિવસે થિયેટર્સમાં ‘અસંભાવઉઉઉ’ ધમાલ!:વૈશલ-આનંદની નવી ફિલ્મનું ઈન્ટ્રસ્ટિંગ ટાઈટલ રિવીલ; મિત્ર, રોનક અને તત્સતની સુપરહીટ જોડી દેખાશે|work=Divya Bhaskar|access-date=14 April 2026}}</ref>
|-
|}

==October–December==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Opening
!Name
!Genre
!Director
!Cast
!{{Tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
|27 November
|''Fafda Jalebi''
|Comedy
|Pallav Parikh
|[[Malhar Thakar]], [[Abhinay Banker]], [[Parikshit Tamaliya]], [[Puja Joshi]], Heena Varde
|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/rajkot/fafda-jalebi-2026/ET00495943 |title=Fafda Jalebi (2026)|work= Book My Show}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Gujarati cinema]]
* [[List of Gujarati films]]
* [[List of Gujarati films of 2025]]
* [[List of highest-grossing Indian films#Gujarati|List of highest-grossing Gujarati films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{2026 films}}
{{Indian film list}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gujarati films of 2026}}
[[Category:Lists of Gujarati films by year|2026]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language films by decade]]
[[Category:2026 in Indian cinema]]

Ishq Ki Dastaan – Naagmani

2026-04-30T14:33:41Z

Leonpcs: Created new pg

{{short description|Indian supernatural television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| starring = [[Aleya Ghosh]] [[Aditya Redij]] [[Pavitra Punia]] [[Karam Rajpal]]
| company = Story Square Productions
| channel = [[Dangal (TV channel) | Dangal]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|06|13|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2023|11|04|df=y}}
| showrunner = Aarooshee Sood
| country = India
| runtime = 22 minutes
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 3
| num_episodes = 438
| location = Mumbai, India
| image = Ishq Ki Dastaan Naagmani.jpeg
| genre = [[Romance film|Romance]] [[Supernatural]] [[Fiction]]
}}

'''''Ishq Ki Dastaan – Naagmani''''' is an Indian Hindi
[[Romance film|Romance]], [[Supernatural]], [[Fiction]]
Indian television series produced by Story Square Productions which was premiered on 13 June 2022 on [[Dangal (TV channel) | Dangal]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-13 |title='Ishq ki daastan- Naagmani' begins on Dangal TV today |url=https://bollyy.com/ishq-ki-daastan-naagmani-begins-on-dangal-tv-today/ |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Bollyy |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709154551/https://bollyy.com/ishq-ki-daastan-naagmani-begins-on-dangal-tv-today/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The series stars Aleya Ghosh, [[Pavitra Punia]], [[Aditya Redij]] and [[Karam Rajpal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishq Ki Dastan Naagmani on location: Mohini decides to take Naagmani from Naagin {{!}} TV - Times of India Videos |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/ishq-ki-dastan-naagmani-on-location-mohini-decides-to-take-naagmani-from-naagin/videoshow/92498797.cms |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708194323/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/ishq-ki-dastan-naagmani-on-location-mohini-decides-to-take-naagmani-from-naagin/videoshow/92498797.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=एकता कपूर की 'नागिन' को मिलेगी टक्कर, Ishq Ki Dastaan Naagmani का प्रोमो रिलीज |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-naagin-6-ekta-kapoor-aleya-ghosh-pavitra-punia-tmov-1462638-2022-05-13 |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519000538/https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-naagin-6-ekta-kapoor-aleya-ghosh-pavitra-punia-tmov-1462638-2022-05-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=टीवी पर Tejasswi Prakash को टक्कर देने आई एक और खूबसूरत नागिन! कौन हैं Aleya Ghosh जिनकी हो रही खूब चर्चा |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/photo-gallery-aleya-ghosh-new-naagin-of-tv-seria-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-giving-competition-to-tejasswi-prakash/1223557 |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Zee News |language=hi |archive-date=2022-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709152428/https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/bollywood/photo-gallery-aleya-ghosh-new-naagin-of-tv-seria-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-giving-competition-to-tejasswi-prakash/1223557 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Series overview ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" | Season
! rowspan="2" style="padding: 0 8px" | No. of episodes
! colspan="2" | Originally broadcast ([[India]])
|-
! style="padding: 0 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 0 8px" | Last aired
|-
| style="background:red" |
| align="center" | 1
| align="center" | 198
| align="center" | {{start date|2022|06|13|df=yes}}
| align="center" | {{end date|2023|01|28|df=yes}}
|-
| style="background:red" |
| align="center" | 2
| align="center" | 180
| align="center" | {{start date|2023|01|30|df=yes}}
| align="center" | {{end date|2023|08|26|df=yes}}
|-
| style="background:purple" |
| align="center" | 3
| align="center" | 60
| align="center" | {{start date|df=yes|2023|08|28}}
| align="center" |{{end date|df=yes|2023|11|04}}
|-
|}

== Plot ==
''Ishq Ki Dastaan - Naagmani'' embodies an immortal love story of two supernatural beings who fall prey to the greed of a witch. It captures a tale of love between the [[ichchhadhari naag|shape-shifting naag - naagin]] and the never-ending greed of the evil witch seeking immortality by acquiring the life-giving jewel possessed by the naagin. Under the shadow of a witch, will a wishful/shape-shifting cobra be able to write their great love story.

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Aleya Ghosh]] as
** Paro Shankar Rana / Rupa Dev Mishra: Shankar's widow; Dev's wife; Bulbul's mother<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=एकता कपूर की नागिन को टक्कर देने आई नई 'नागिन', कौन हैं Aleya Ghosh? |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/photo/who-is-aleya-ghosh-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-ekta-kapoor-show-naagin-trp-tmov-1483079-2022-06-17 |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=Aaj Tak |language=hi |archive-date=2022-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709153005/https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/photo/who-is-aleya-ghosh-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani-ekta-kapoor-show-naagin-trp-tmov-1483079-2022-06-17 |url-status=live }}</ref> (2022–2023) (Dead)
** Naagrani Paro: Paro's previous birth (2022) (Dead)
** Parvati: Paro's rebirth; Shivay's wife (2023)
* [[Pavitra Punia]] as
** Mohini: The Witch; Durjan and Dev's ex–wife
** Damini: Mohini's rebirth
* [[Aditya Redij]] as
** Shankar Rana: Paro's husband; Durjan's son; Babli's elder brother; Bulbul's father (2022–2023) (Dead)
** Naagraj Shankar: Shankar Rana's previous birth (2022) (Dead)
* [[Karam Rajpal]] as
** Dev Mishra: Rupa's husband; Mohini's ex–husband; Devika's son; Bulbul's adopted father (2023) (Dead)
** Shivay: Dev's rebirth; Parvati 's husband (2023)
==== Recurring ====
* Shubhalaxmi Das as Nanda: Pappy's mother (2022–2023)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-30 |title=Exclusive: Manu Malik and Subhalaxmi Das to enter Dangal's Ishq Ki Dastaan Naagmani |url=https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-manu-malik-and-subhalaxmi-das-to-enter-dangals-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani/2022/05/30 |access-date=2022-07-09 |website=IWMBuzz |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709152736/https://www.iwmbuzz.com/television/news/exclusive-manu-malik-and-subhalaxmi-das-to-enter-dangals-ishq-ki-dastaan-naagmani/2022/05/30 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Neha Yadav as Rambha: Manmohan's wife
*Rupa Divetia as Mrs. Rana "Dadi" (2022–2023)
* Garima Verma as Jyothi: Shankar's friend (2022)
* [[Mehul Kajaria]] (2022)
* Aditya Shukla as Manmohan: Rambha's husband; Mohini's younger brother (2022–2023)
* Shashank Sharma as Pappy Singh: Nanda's son; Babli's husband (2022–2023)
* Nandini Maurya as Babli Rana / Babli Pappy Singh: Durjan's daughter; Shankar's younger sister; Pappy's wife (2022–2023)
* [[Imran Khan (TV actor) |Imran Khan]] as Durjan Rana: Shankar's and Babli's father (2022–2023)
* Syed Ashraf Karim as Girdhari Kaka (2022–2023)
* Paramveer Singh as Govind (Child incarnation of Bhagwan [[Krishna|Shri Krishna]])(2022)
*Riddhi Sharma as Bulbul Shankar Rana: Paro and Shankar's daughter; Dev's adopted daughter (2023)
*Dhananjay Pandey as Bhola (2023)
*Swati Pansare as Devika Mishra: Dev's mother(2023)
*Anshul Bammi as Raman (2023)
*Ahmad Harhash as Rohan Mishra (2023)
*Bobby Khanna as Chachaji (2023)
* Dev Rathore (2023)
* Pallavi Rao as Shalini (2023)
* Jitendra Trehan as Mr. Mishra: Dev's father (2023)
* Krishnakant Singh Bundela as Naag Guru (2021)
* [[Kanan Malhotra]] as Kartik (2023)
* Urvi Upadhyay as Chikki: Paro's fake daughter (2023)
* Prerna Runthala as Heena
* [[Sikandar Kharbanda]] as Ujjwal (2023) (Dead)
* Preeti Gandwani as Naagrani: Parvati's mother (2023)

===Cameo appearances===
*Vaibhavi Hankare as Mishri from ''[[Sindoor Ki Keemat]]'' (2022)
* Khushbu Tiwari as Mehak from ''[[Baazi Ishq Ki]]'' (2023)

== Soundtrack ==
The show's romantic track "''Janam Pe Janam''" received positive response, and also reached over one million views on [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Janam Pe Janam {{!}} "इश्क़ की दास्तान नागमणि" {{!}} Ishq Ki Dastaan Naagmani {{!}} New Upcoming Show {{!}} Dangal TV | date=9 June 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Onia3Z8XeE |language=en |access-date=2022-07-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Singer Rahul Jain's new song 'Janam Pe Janam' for Dangal TV's show crosses two million views in just a week |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/220627-singer-rahul-jain%E2%80%99s-new-song-%E2%80%98janam-pe-janam |access-date=2022-07-13 |website=www.radioandmusic.com |language=en}}</ref>
{{Infobox album
| name = Janam Pe Janam
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Soumee Sailsh and Rahul Jain
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 30 June 2022
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Romance (music)|Romance]] [[Soundtrack]]
| length = 3:49
| language = [[Hindi]]
| label = Enterr10 Television Network
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc =
}}
{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline = Tracklisting
| total_length =
| title1 = Janam Pe Janam
| note1 =
| extra1 = Soumee Sailsh and Rahul Jain
| title2 = Naagin
| length2 = 3:05
| extra2 = Soumee Sailsh
| length1 = 3:49
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=21357604}}

[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Hindi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Dangal TV original programming]]

Shreya Singhal

2026-04-26T15:10:37Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|Indian lawyer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Shreya Singhal
| honorific_suffix =
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| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Bristol]], Campus Law Centre, [[Faculty of Law]], [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation =
| years_active =
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| known_for = [[Shreya Singhal v. Union of India|Fight for Freedom of Speech on the Internet]]
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| relatives = Late Justice Sunanda Bhandare (grandmother) MC Bhandare (grandfather)
| callsign =
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}}

'''Shreya Singhal''' is an Indian lawyer. Her fight against Section 66A of the [[Information Technology Act, 2000|Information Technology Act of 2000]] in 2015 brought her to national prominence in India.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/section-66-a-scrapped-meet-shreya-singhal-petitioner-who-fought-for-net-freedom-749143 "Section 66(A) Scrapped: Meet Shrey Patel, Petitioner Who Fought for Net Freedom" ], ''[[NDTV]]'', Deepshikha Ghosh, 24 March 2015</ref>

==Early life and education==

She was born into a family of eminent lawyers. Her Great-grandfather, [[H. R. Gokhale]], was a veteran [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] leader and former [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Law Minister]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/shreya-singhal-fought-for-freedom-from-66a-but-who-is-she|title=Shreya Singhal Fought for Freedom from 66A, but Who is She?|date=24 March 2015}}</ref> during [[The Emergency (India)|The Emergency]] (1975–1977).<ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-02-16 |title=H. R. Gokhale, Ex‐Minister in India (Published 1978) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/02/16/archives/hr-gokhale-exminister-in-india-chief-spokesman-in-parliament-cited.html |access-date=2025-08-10 |language=en}}</ref> Her Grandmother, Justice Sunanda Bhandare, was a judge of the Delhi High Court and a distinguished lawyer. Her Grandfather, [[Murlidhar Chandrakant Bhandare|Shri M.C. Bhandare]], is a Senior Advocate, former [[Member of parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]] and former [[List of governors of Odisha|Governor of Odisha]]. Her mother, Manali Bhandare, is a lawyer practicing at the [[Supreme Court of India]].{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

She completed her schooling from the Vasant Valley School in New Delhi in 2009, after which she went to pursue Astrophysics at the [[University of Bristol]] in the United Kingdom.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}} She subsequently enrolled at the Campus Law Centre, Faculty of Law at [[Delhi University]], where she graduated in 2016.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

==Section 66A and restriction of free speech==
{{Main | Shreya Singhal v. Union of India }}

Section 66A of the IT Act, 2000 provided for punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc. Any person who sends, by means of a computer resource or a communication device -

(a) any information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character; or

(b) any information which he knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred or ill will, persistently by making use of such computer resource or a communication device; or

(c) any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the origin of such messages, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine.

Before 2015, [[Government of India]] restricted freedom of speech for avoiding self-harm and misuse. This allowed arrest of any person which the law per see as harmful or misuse.{{citation needed|date= September 2022}}

In 2012, Shreya filed a [[Public interest litigation in India|Public Interest Litigation]] in the [[Supreme Court of India]] against the Act. In 2015, a division bench of the Supreme Court struck down Section 66A of [[Information Technology Act, 2000]]. This was hailed as a major step in the country's quest for freedom of speech and expression.<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/india/the-girl-who-saved-freedom-of-speech-meet-24-year-old-shreya-singhal-2172171.html "The girl who saved freedom of speech: Meet 24-year-old student Shreya Singhal"], ''Firstpost'', 25 March 2015</ref>

==See also==
* [[Mouthshut.com v. Union of India]]
* [[Information Technology Act, 2000]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.legitquest.com/case/shreya-singhal-v-union-of-india/90624|title=Shreya Singhal vs Union of India|last=|first=|date=2015-03-24|website=Legitquest|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singhal, Shreya}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Freedom of speech in India]]
[[Category:Supreme Court of India lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women lawyers]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Bristol]]
[[Category:Faculty of Law, University of Delhi alumni]]

Ragini Singh

2026-04-23T09:29:15Z

Leonpcs: Added a bio needs work

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ragini Singh
| office = Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
| education =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|01|23|df=y}}
| birth_place =
| constituency = [[Jharia (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jharia]]
| term_start = 2024-Present
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Purnima Niraj Singh]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage| Rajeev Suryadeo Singh||2003|end=died}} 
[[Sanjeev Singh|Sanjeev Suryadeo Singh]]
| relatives = [[Suryadeo Singh]] {{small|(father-in-law)}}
}}

'''Ragini Sanjeev Singh''' (born 1981)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ragini Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- JHARIA(DHANBAD ) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/jharkhand2019/candidate.php?candidate_id=12073 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Jharkhand]]. She is an MLA from [[Jharia Assembly constituency]] in [[Dhanbad district]]. She won the [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jharia, Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: BJP's Ragini Singh defeats INC's Purnima Niraj Singh with 14511 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/jharia-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-jaelb-2638458-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Ragini is from [[Jharia]], Dhanbad district, Jharkhand. She married [[Sanjeev Singh]], also a politician, and her late father in law is a former MLA, [[Suryadeo Singh]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Ragini won from Jharia Assembly constituency representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election. She polled 87,892 votes and defeated her nearest rival, [[Purnima Niraj Singh]] of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 14,511 votes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jharia Election Result 2024 LIVE: Ragini Singh of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/jharia-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130279.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jharia (Jharkhand) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/jharia-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684312/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Earlier in the [[2019 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]], she lost to her sister-in-law [[Purnima Niraj Singh]] of the Indian National Congress, by a margin 12,054 votes. Ragini contested on BJP ticket and polled 67,732 votes against Purnima's 79,786 votes.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-11-23 |title=Jharkhand Election Winners List 2024: Here is the full list victorious candidates in the state |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/jharkhand-election-winners-list-2024-check-full-winning-candidates-list-constituency-wise/articleshow/115585344.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jharia Constituency Election Results 2024: Jharia Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/constituency-show/jharia |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Ragini}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from Dhanbad district]]
[[Category:Women members of the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]

Simran Gurung

2026-04-21T11:28:05Z

Leonpcs: added new details!

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Simran Gurung
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|3|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Jorethang]], [[Namchi district]], [[Sikkim]], India
| height =
| position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
| currentclub = [[Krida Prabodhini FC|Krida Prabodhini]]
| clubnumber = 10
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 =
| clubs1 = SSA Soreng
| caps1 =
| goals1 =
| years2 = 2022–2023
| clubs2 = Misaka United FC
| caps2 =
| goals2 =
| years3 =
| clubs3 = Pink Panthers FC
| caps3 =
| goals3 =
| years4 = 2024–2025
| clubs4 = [[Garhwal United FC|Garhwal United]]
| caps4 =
| goals4 =
| years5 = 2025–
| clubs5 = [[Krida Prabodhini FC|Krida Prabodhini]]
| caps5 =
| goals5 =
| nationalyears1 = 2022
| nationalteam1 = [[India women's national under-17 football team|India U17]]
| nationalcaps1 =
| nationalgoals1 =
| nationalyears2 = 2025–
| nationalteam2 = [[India women's national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps2 = 1
| nationalgoals2 = 2
| club-update =
| nationalteam-update = 2 January 2025
}}

'''Simran Gurung''' (born 18 March 2005)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Bireswar |date=2 January 2025 |title=Sikkim's Simran Gurung Becomes first girl from state in India women's football team |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/sikkims-simran-gurung-becomes-first-girl-from-state-in-india-womens-football-team/cid/2074867 |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=TelegraphIndia.com |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329025006/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/sikkims-simran-gurung-becomes-first-girl-from-state-in-india-womens-football-team/cid/2074867 |url-status=live }}</ref> is an Indian professional [[footballer]] from [[Sikkim]], who plays as a [[forward (association football)|forward]] for the [[Indian Women's League 2]] club [[Krida Prabodhini FC|Krida Prabodhini]] and the [[India women's national football team|India women's national team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2023 |title=Hero IWL 2022-23 |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/match-center/cms/18710 |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim, Tripura score big wins in Sr Women's NFC for Rajmata Jijabai Trophy |url=https://www.the-aiff.com/article/sikkim-tripura-score-big-wins-in-sr-womens-nfc-for-rajmata-jijabai-trophy |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.the-aiff.com}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Gurung is from [[Jorethang]], [[Namchi district]], Sikkim. She is a product of State Academy for Girls run by the [[Sikkim Football Association]] at [[Soreng]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2022 |title=Sikkim Footballer, Simran Gurung Shortlisted For U-17 Women's Football Camp {{!}} Ukhrul Times Media |url=https://ukhrultimes.com/sikkim-footballer-simran-gurung-shortlisted-for-u-17-womens-football-camp/ |access-date=27 March 2025 |language=en-US |archive-date=13 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241113093501/https://ukhrultimes.com/sikkim-footballer-simran-gurung-shortlisted-for-u-17-womens-football-camp/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the first girl from Sikkim to play for the senior India team.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-12-30 |title=9 from NE in 23-member Women's India Football Squad |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/9-from-ne-in-23-member-womens-india-football-squad-to-play-friendlies-against-maldives/ |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219200852/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/9-from-ne-in-23-member-womens-india-football-squad-to-play-friendlies-against-maldives/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Career ==
Gurung was selected in the 23-player Indian squad and played the second of the two [[FIFA]] international friendlies against [[Maldives women's national football team|Maldives]] on 2 January 2025 at the [[Padukone - Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence|Padukone-Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence]] in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2024 |title=India women's football team coach Alexandersson announced 23-member squad for Maldives friendly |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-team-23-member-squad-maldives-friendly-full-team-venue-time/article69039441.ece |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India complete a Maldives massacre in FIFA Women's Friendly |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/india-complete-a-maldives-massacre-in-fifa-womens-friendly20241230205547/ |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220073449/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/india-complete-a-maldives-massacre-in-fifa-womens-friendly20241230205547/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2024 |title=9 from NE in 23-member Women's India Football Squad |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/9-from-ne-in-23-member-womens-india-football-squad-to-play-friendlies-against-maldives/#google_vignette |access-date=23 February 2025 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219200852/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/9-from-ne-in-23-member-womens-india-football-squad-to-play-friendlies-against-maldives/#google_vignette |url-status=live }}</ref> She scored two goals on debut, in 62nd and 68th minute.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India complete a Maldives massacre in FIFA Women's Friendly |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/india-complete-a-maldives-massacre-in-fifa-womens-friendly20241230205547/ |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=ANI News |language=en |archive-date=20 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220073449/https://www.aninews.in/news/sports/football/india-complete-a-maldives-massacre-in-fifa-womens-friendly20241230205547/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2024 |title=International Friendly: Indian Women's NT demolish Malidves 14-0 |url=https://theawayend.co/2024/12/30/international-friendly-indian-womens-nt-demolish-malidves-14-0/ |access-date=24 March 2025 |website=The Away End |language=en-GB |archive-date=24 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324195828/https://theawayend.co/2024/12/30/international-friendly-indian-womens-nt-demolish-malidves-14-0/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 January 2025 |title=India vs Maldives, women's international friendly: All you need to know; Live streaming info; Preview |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-vs-maldives-womens-football-international-friendly-live-streaming-info-where-to-watch-preview-blue-tigresses-news/article69050423.ece |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2025 |title=International Friendly: Indian women's team takes a commanding 11-1 victory against Maldives- Highlights |url=https://thebridge.in/football/international-friendly-india-vs-maldives-live-score-updates-51357 |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=thebridge.in |language=en}}</ref>

In December 2024, she played for Sikkim in the [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]] held in [[Narayanpur district|Narayanpur]], [[Chhattisgarh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim's Simran Gurung Makes History as First Woman from State in Indian Football Team |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2247543-sikkim-s-simran-gurung-makes-history-as-first-woman-from-state-in-indian-football-team |access-date=27 March 2025 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329025006/https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2247543-sikkim-s-simran-gurung-makes-history-as-first-woman-from-state-in-indian-football-team |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early rounds of the 29th Senior Nationals played at [[Agartala]] in October 2024, Gurung scored four goals in their first match where Sikkim beat [[Gujarat women's football team|Gujarat]] 4–0.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 October 2024 |title=Simran Shines With Four Goals In Sikkim's Victory Over Gujarat |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/simran-gurung-shines-with-four-goals-in-sikkims-commanding-victory-over-gujarat/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US |archive-date=3 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241103121817/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/simran-gurung-shines-with-four-goals-in-sikkims-commanding-victory-over-gujarat/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim's Simran Gurung Makes History as First Woman from State in Indian Football Team |url=https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2247543-sikkim-s-simran-gurung-makes-history-as-first-woman-from-state-in-indian-football-team |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=www.footboom1.com |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329025006/https://www.footboom1.com/en/news/football/2247543-sikkim-s-simran-gurung-makes-history-as-first-woman-from-state-in-indian-football-team |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2024, she was part of the Sikkim team that played in group B of the 28th Senior Women's National Football Championship for [[Rajmata Jijabai Trophy]] in [[Kolkata]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikkim footballer shortlisted for India U-17 women's football team camp |url=https://www.sikkimexpress.com/news-details/sikkim-footballer-shortlisted-for-india-u-17-womens-football-team-camp |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Sikkimexpress |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2022 |title=Sikkim Footballer Shortlisted For U-17 Women's Football Camp At Jharkhand |url=https://www.northeasttoday.in/2022/01/14/sikkim-footballer-shortlisted-for-u-17-womens-football-camp-at-jharkhand/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Northeast Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Earlier, she represented Sikkim in the 2nd [[North East Games|North East Olympic Games]] held at [[Shillong]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2022 |title=NE Games: Manipur, Mizoram win football bronze medal matches |url=https://meghalayamonitor.com/ne-games-manipur-mizoram-win-football-bronze-medal-matches/ |access-date=29 March 2025 |website=Meghalaya Monitor |language=en-US |archive-date=29 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329051457/https://meghalayamonitor.com/ne-games-manipur-mizoram-win-football-bronze-medal-matches/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-12-29 |title=India women's football team coach Alexandersson announced 23-member squad for Maldives friendly |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-team-23-member-squad-maldives-friendly-full-team-venue-time/article69039441.ece |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=Sportstar |language=en |archive-date=19 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219201117/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/indian-football/india-womens-football-team-23-member-squad-maldives-friendly-full-team-venue-time/article69039441.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career statistics==
===International===
{{Updated|2 January 2025}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!National team!!Year!!Caps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan=1|[[India women's national football team|India]]
|2025
|1
|2
|-
! colspan=2|Total
!1
!2
|}

:''Scores and results list India's goal tally first.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|+List of international goals scored by Simran Gurung
! No. !! Date !! Venue !! Opponent !! Score !! Result !! Competition
|-
| 1. || rowspan=4| 2 January 2025 || rowspan=4| Padukone – Dravid Centre for Sports Excellence, [[Bengaluru]], [[India]] || rowspan=4| {{fbw|MDV}} || align=center|'''9'''–1 || rowspan=4 align=center| 11–1 || rowspan=4| [[Exhibition match|Friendly]]
|-
| 2. || align=center|'''10'''–1
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gurung, Simran}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Indian women's footballers]]
[[Category:India women's international footballers]]
[[Category:India women's youth international footballers]]
[[Category:Footballers from Sikkim]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Sikkim]]
[[Category:People from Namchi district]]
[[Category:Indian Gorkhas]]
[[Category:Gurung people]]
[[Category:Women's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League players]]
[[Category:Indian Women's League 2 players]]
[[Category:Garhwal United FC players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

Asambhav (TV series)

2026-04-18T12:28:15Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|Marathi language Television series}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Asambhav 1.jpeg
| image_size =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Suspense]]
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = [[Vivek Agnihotri]] [[Chinmay Mandlekar]]
| director = [[Satish Rajwade]] Sangeet Kulkarni
| starring = [[#Cast|See below]]
| voices = [[Swapnil Bandodkar]] Madhuri Karmarkar
| theme_music_composer = Swapnil Bandodkar
| opentheme = Nainam Chhindanti Shrastrani, Nainam Dahati Pavaka
| composer = Madhusudan Joshi [[Guru Thakur]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 774
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer = Nikhil Sane Deepak Rajadhyaksha
| producer = [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| editor = Gaurav Meshram , Ramraj Naidu
| location = [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography = Sandy V Shoaib
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 22 minutes
| company = Atharva Communication
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2007|02|12|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2009|08|29|df=yes}}
| related =
| image_alt =
| released =
}}

'''''Asambhav''''' ({{translation|Impossible}}) is an Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language television series which aired on [[Zee Marathi]]. The show starred [[Umesh Kamat]], [[Manasi Salvi]], [[Neelam Shirke]] and [[Urmilla Kothare]] in lead roles. It premiered from 12 February 2007 by replacing ''[[Vadalvaat]]''.

The series is based on the concept of [[reincarnation]] in Hinduism. The drama revolved around the cast which were presented as the rebirths of the past life and the dramatic events that occurred in their lives. The screenplay was written by [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] and directed by [[Satish Rajwade]].

==Plot==
A young woman remembers the wrongs done to her in her past life and takes rebirth to avenge herself. As her mission unfolds, many secrets of the past are unveiled. Adinath Shastri, the second child of Madhusudan Shastri returns to India from the United States for a sabbatical and plans to marry Sulekha who is his aunt's sister. They fall in love over the internet and plan to marry as soon as he comes back and has plans to go back to the US with her. Adinath and Sulekha get engaged and plan to marry soon. However, fate takes an unexpected twist when he travels to [[Konkan]] for work and accidentally meets Shubhra after he meets with an accident. Shubhra lives with her mother and is supposed to marry Ramakant Khot. She nurses Adinath back to health and congratulates him on his engagement. Adinath is surprised as he does not remember telling Shubhra about it, to which she replies that she had a vision in which she saw him getting engaged. Adinath is taken by surprise. As a few days pass by, Shubhra and Adinath spend time together and get married without any plans. They return to the "Wada" (ancestral mansion) in [[Vasai]] (near [[Mumbai]]) on the day he was supposed to marry Sulekha, where his family members are in full swing with the marriage preparations. He introduces Shubhra as his wife to which everyone reacts atrociously. Sulekha is heartbroken and fumes at Adinath and Shubhra. Initially, the family members reject his decision but later accept Shubhra.

Adinath's grandfather - Dinanath Shastri says that Shubra has a striking resemblance to his sister-in-law Parvati Vahini who mysteriously disappeared about six decades ago. He welcomes Shubhra and regards her as the reincarnation of Parvati. That night, an old man by the name of Sopan (who used to be the servant at the Wada 60–70 years ago and now lived in the outhouse of the Wada) mysteriously disappears and later confronts Sulekha. At first, Sulekha doesn't pay any heed to him until he addresses her as Indumati and later explains to her that she is "his Indumati" who died mysteriously when he was young. (Here it is implied that Sulekha is, in fact, a reincarnation of Indumati, the antagonist) Sopan presents her with an ugly figurine that of a woman playing tambourine (later revealed to be the Idol of Fire Force used in [[black magic]]) and says that the figurine will help her regain her memories of past life and give her the strength to finish the goal which she had vowed then and returns to Wada. In the meantime, at the Shastri's, things go on in a mundane way until Shubra has visions again where she sees a black car hitting a teenage boy, although she doesn't know who the boy is. She has the visions repeatedly, but Adinath doesn't take it seriously. Later Shubra has a vision of the outhouse being set on fire and warns Adinath about it. A day later the outhouse really has a fire accident and Sopan escapes and takes refuge at Sulekha's house. Everyone considers Sopan as dead.

Adinath's nephew (Chandu's son) Prathamesh is mute but he mumbles and addresses Shubhra as Parvati even though no one tells him about her. He becomes friends with Shubra and both of them have a good understanding among themselves. Prathamesh behaves in a strange fashion and sketches all the visions Shubra has although no one tells him anything. Later on, it is revealed that Prathamesh is a re-incarnation of Goda (Indumati's younger sister), a timid but good maid who used to work at the Wada when Parvati existed. It is also revealed that Adinath is, in fact, the reincarnation of Mahadev Shastri (Parvati's husband, Dinanath's elder brother) and hence fate brought Shubhra and Adinath (past life's Parvati and Mahadev) together under mystical circumstances and got them married as strangers. Adinath's sister Priya Shastri has an unexplained resent towards Sulekha from the time Adinath introduces her to his family. As the story progresses, the visions seen by Shubhra come true. The boy seen by Shubhra is, in fact, Nikhil Shastri (Sulekha's nephew and Adinath's cousin) who is hit by the black car. (Sulekha hypnotizes Nikhil and hence causes the accident) and in a similar way brings about the death of her own mother, Kshipra, BalKrishna Shastri (her brother-in-law, Nikhil's father).

Shubra and Adinath consult a [[Neurophysiology|neurophysiologist]] Dr. Samant to regain the memories of their past life while in parallel Sulekha consults a lady by the name Tanishka to learn the art of mind control and [[hypnosis]] more profoundly. Dr. Samant is shown to be the reincarnation of Shrirang Ranade (Mahadev's best friend). Both Sulekha and Shubra dive into their past birth and the story unfolds that Parvati and Mahdev were once a happy couple but did not have any children and Parvati was a staunch believer of [[Krishna]] and plans to name her children after the names of Krishna (which unfortunately never happens). Dinanath Shastri hence fulfils her wish with his own children (Hence the names Madhusudan Shastri (Adinath's father, Balkrishna Shastri).

Meanwhile, in the village of Vasai two sisters, Goda and Indumati, arrive. Bhalchandra the brother-in-law of Mahadev has an extra marital affair with Indumati which when discovered infuriates the patriarch of the Shastri family (Mahadev's father) and he humiliates Indumati in front of the entire village by applying back colour on her face and making her ride a donkey. Simultaneously, a person by the name Shrirang Ranade comes to the Wada and Mahadev takes to the misunderstanding (thanks to Bhalchandra) that there is something going on between Parvati and him (Shrirang) and banishes Parvati from the Wada. Indumati (present day's Sulekha) then vows that she would destroy the Shastri family and uses black magic and kills everyone from Shastri family except young Dinanath Shastri (who is saved at the last moment by Parvati) and in the process, she, Indumati and Goda are buried alive in a landslide in the underground passageway near the wada. Since the story of revenge remains incomplete in the past birth, Indumati, Parvati, Goda, Mahadev and other characters take rebirth and finish the incomplete vows.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Umesh Kamat]] as Adinath Shastri / Mahadev Shastri<ref>{{Cite web|title='Asambhav' actors Urmila Kothare, Umesh Kamat and Sharvari Patankar enjoy a reunion after 12 years - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/asambhav-actors-urmila-kothare-umesh-kamat-and-sharvari-patankar-enjoy-a-reunion-after-12-years/articleshow/91962191.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
* [[Manasi Salvi]] / [[Urmilla Kothare]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urmila had replaced Manasi Salvi in Asambhav - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/movies/did-you-know/urmila-kanetkar-kothare-manasi-salvi/articleshow/40691809.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> as Shubhra Shastri / Parvati Shastri<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mansi goes regional!|url=https://tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/mansi-goes-regional-070124?amp|website=Tellychakkar}}</ref>
* [[Neelam Shirke]] as Sulekha Raut / Indumati

===Recurring===
* [[Anand Abhyankar]] as Dinanath Shastri
* Pradeep Velankar as Madhusudan Shastri
* Ila Bhate as Vasudha Shastri
* Sharvari Patankar as Priya Shastri
* Suhas Bhalekar / Sandeep Phatak as Sopan
* Kishor salvi as /dinu
* Anil Gawas as Vishnu
* [[Amita Khopkar]] as Kusum
* [[Sunil Barve]] as Viraj Samant
* [[Satish Rajwade]] as Vikrant Bhosale
* [[Chinmay Mandlekar]] as Abhimaan Saranjame
* [[Kishor Kadam]] as Yashwant Saranjame
* [[Ashok Shinde]] as Bhalchandra
* Sagar Talashikar as Chandrakant
* [[Shailesh Datar]] as Balkrishna
* Seema Deshmukh as Bhagirathi
* Vikas Patil / Aastad Kale as Nikhil
* [[Neha Joshi]] as Amruta
* [[Ashwini Ekbote]] as Radha
* [[Ajay Purkar]] as Police Inspector Vazalvar
* [[Sulekha Talwalkar]] / [[Madhurani Gokhale]] as Poonam
* Sujata Joshi as Kshipra
* Prafulla Samant as Raghunath
* Abhijeet Kelkar as Sadashiv
* Vrushali Kulkarni as Vasanti
* Mahesh Koli as Damodar
* Vidya Patwardhan as Yami
* Manjusha Godse as Tanishka
* Geetanjali Kulkarni as Goda
* Ashutosh Kulkarni as Swapnil
* Prasanna Ketkar as Ramakant
* Aniruddha Deodhar as Prathamesh
* Hridaynath Rane as Parmeshwar
* Asha Sathe as Kubdi
* Ishan Tambe as Dinu
* Meena Naik
* Ujjwala Jog

==Awards==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]
!Year
!Category
!Recipient
!Role
|-
|rowspan="8"|2007
|Best Siblings
|[[Umesh Kamat]]-Sharvari Patankar
|Adinath-Priya
|-
|Best Negative Male
|Suhas Bhalekar
|Sopan
|-
|Best Negative Female
|[[Neelam Shirke]]
|Sulekha Raut
|-
|Best Character Male
|[[Anand Abhyankar]]
|Dinanath Shastri
|-
|Best Child Character
|
|Prathamesh
|-
|Best Family
|
|Shastri Family
|-
|Best Title Song
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|
|-
|Best Series
|-
|rowspan="6"|2008
|Best Siblings
|[[Umesh Kamat]]-Sharvari Patankar
|Adinath-Priya
|-
|Best Negative Male
|Suhas Bhalekar
|Sopan
|-
|Best Negative Female
|[[Neelam Shirke]]
|Sulekha Raut
|-
|Best Character Male
|[[Anand Abhyankar]]
|Dinanath Shastri
|-
|Best Supporting Female
|Sharvari Patankar
|Priya Shastri
|-
|Best Series
|
|
|-
|rowspan="5"|2009
|Best Supporting Male
|Ajay Purkar
|Inspector Vazalvar
|-
|Best Negative Female
|[[Neelam Shirke]]
|Sulekha Raut
|-
|Best Father
|[[Anand Abhyankar]]
|Dinanath Shastri
|-
|Best Mother
|Ila Bhate
|Vasudha Shastri
|-
|Best Family
|
|Shastri Family
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt13225220}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=55 | title = Asambhav | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100115032541/http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=55 | archive-date = 15 January 2010 | access-date = 10 February 2021 | url-status = live }}

[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:2007 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2009 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]

Veerateeswarar Temple, Thiruvirkudi

2026-04-17T22:33:52Z

Leonpcs: added a place

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = Veerateswarar temple
| image = Thiruvirkudi (11).jpg
| alt =
| caption = ''Gopura'' of the Veerataneswarar Temple
| map_type = Tamil Nadu
| map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|10.831304| 79.663743|display=inline,title}}
| native_name =
| country = [[India]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Mayiladuthurai district|Mayiladuthurai]]
| location = Thiruvirkudi
| elevation_m =
| deity = Veerateeswarar ([[Shiva]])
| primary_deity_Goddess =
| utsava_deity_Goddess=
| facade_direction =
| temple_tank =
| tower =
| festivals=
| architecture = [[Dravidian architecture|Dravidian]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed =
| creator =
| website =
}}
'''Veerateeswarar Temple''' (also called '''Thiruvirkudi Veerateeswarar temple''') is a [[Hindu temple]] located at Thiruvirkudi in [[Mayiladuthurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The presiding deity is [[Shiva]] in the form of Veerateswarar and his consort is known as Elavar Kuzhali. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th century Tamil Saiva canonical work, the ''[[Tevaram]]'', written by Tamil saint poets known as the [[nayanars]] and classified as ''[[Paadal Petra Sthalam]]'', the 276 temples that find mention in it.

As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons and the eight Ashta Veeratanam temples are built signifying each of his victories. The temple is counted one of the eight where Shiva is believed to have punished [[Jalandhara]].

The temple has four daily rituals at various times from 6:30 a.m. to 8:30 p.m., and few yearly festivals on its calendar. The present masonry structure was built during the [[Chola dynasty]] during the 9th century, while later expansions are attributed to [[Thanjavur Nayaks]]. The temple is maintained and administered by the Dharmapuram Aadhenam.

==Legend==
[[File:Hindu mythology, Vedic and Purânic (1882) (14778963944).jpg|thumb|left|200px|Legend of Shiva slaying a demon]]
In the [[Shiva Purana]], when [[Indra]] and [[Brihaspati]] were going towards [[Mount Kailash]] to meet [[Shiva]], they met a mendicant on the way who was Shiva himself. Indra did not recognize and was asking him about the whereabouts of Shiva, for which the medicant did not reply. Getting infuriated, Indra used his weapon, the Vajrayudam on Shiva. Shiva was angry at Indra and immediately opened the third eye to destroy Indra. [[Brihaspati]] recognized [[Shiva]] and prayed to him, requesting him to pardon [[Indra]]. To avoid killing Indra, Shiva directed the fire from his eye towards the ocean. The fire when it met with the ocean created an [[asura]] who [[Brahma]] named Jalandhara as he was born out of ocean. He also told the celestial deities that since he emanated from the third eye of Shiva, he can be killed only by Shiva.<ref name= "Stella1992">{{cite book|author= [[Stella Kramrisch]]|title= The Presence of Siva|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=O5BanndcIgUC&q=jalandhara&pg=PA391|year= 1992|publisher= [[Princeton University Press]]|isbn= 978-0-691-01930-7|pages= 388, 389, 391}}</ref>

Jalandhara under the aegis of the Guru [[Sukracharya]] became very powerful. He defeated all celestial deities and [[Indra]]. Indra along with other deities prayed to Shiva to destroy the demon. Jalandhara in the meanwhile, married [[Tulsi in Hinduism|Tulasi]] (also called Vrinda), the daughter of the Asura Kalanemi. Her chastity and devotion to the husband, made him even more powerful. Shiva appeared as Veerateewarar (also called Jalandharavathamurthy) There was severe fight between the Shiva and Jalandhara in Virkudi, with both showing equal prowess. Each time Shiva appeared overpowering Jalandhara, Tulasi's chastity was sving him. [[Vishnu]] in the meanwhile tricked Tulasi by appearing as a sage and bringing bad dreams to her. She approached the sage for relief, who created a mirage showing Jalandhara being killed by Shiva with the sage bringing him back to life. Tulasi was happy with the replica of Jalandhar, who was Vishnu himself. She lost her chastity on account of the incident. Shiva in the meanwhile, challenged Jalandhara to break a chariot, which he could not. Shiva killed the demon with the chariot. Tulasi, in the meanwhile cursed Vishnu that he would turn into a stone. Pleased by the devotion of her, Vishnu gave her a boon that she will be part of every Vishnu worship and she would acquire equal place in his heart as [[Lakshmi]]. Jalandhar, being born out of Shiva, got merged into Shiva.<ref name=Giri>{{cite book|title=108 Thennaga Shivasthalangal|language=ta|publisher=Giri Trading Agency Private Limited|isbn=978-81-7950-707-0|last=R.|first=Ponnammal|pages=120–5}}</ref><ref name=Saiva4/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Thiruvirkudi (1).jpg|200x200px|thumb|Veerateeswarar image in the temple]]
The temple is located in Thiruvirkudi, a village {{convert|4|km|mi|abbr=on}} away from Moongilkudi in [[Mayiladuthurai]] - [[Thiruvarur]] road. The temple faces the East and has a five-tiered ''raja[[gopuram]]''. The temple tank, the Chakra Theertham is located outside the main entrance and another water body named Sangu Theertham is located behind the temple. The sanctum houses the image of Veeratneeswarar in the form of ''[[lingam]]''. The sanctum has ardhamandapa before it and a Mahamandapa, the worship hall. The Mahamandapa houses the metal image of Kamadahanamurthy sported with six hands holding six different weapons. There are metal images of festival deities in the Mahamandapa. The Mahamandapam also houses other metal image of [[Murugan]], [[Somaskanda]] and [[Vinayagar]]. The important image is that of Jalandharavathamurthy, a [[panchaloha]] image sported with chakra in right hand and various weapons in the other hands. The shrine of Ambal in the form of Elavar Kuzhali faces South. The image is sported in standing posture with four hands. The ceiling in the hall before the Ambal shrine has the twelve zodiac signs. The temple has two precincts and all the shrines in the temple are enshrined in rectangular granite walls. The outer precinct has the image of Vishnu and Tulsi built shrine, which is also believed to be the place where Vishnu worshipped Shiva.<ref name=Giri/>

== Religious significance ==
As per Hindu legend, Shiva is believed to have destroyed eight different demons namely Andakasuran, Gajasuran, Jalandasuran, Thirupuradhi, Kaman, Arjunan, Dakshan and Taaragasuran. There are Ashta Veeratanam temples built signifying each of his victories in the war,<ref>{{cite book|title=History of Medical and Spiritual Sciences of Siddhas of Tamil Nadu|last=P.|first=Karthigayan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4HDDAAAQBAJ&q=veerattam&pg=PT388|page=388|publisher=Notion Press|year=2016|isbn=9789352065523}}</ref> and also as places where he is believed to have performed with fury.<ref name=C137>[[#Madhavan|Madhavan 2014]], p. 145</ref> The eight temples are: [[Thiruvadigai Temple, Panruti|Tiruvadigai Veerattaaneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvadigai, [[Veerateeswarar Temple|Tirukkovilur Veerateshwarar Temple]] at [[Tirukoilur]], Veerateswarar temple at Thiruvirkudi or Thirukkurukkai, [[Amritaghateswarar-Abirami Temple, Thirukkadaiyur|Amirtagateswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukadaiyur]], [[Viratteswara Temple, Vazhuvur|Vazhuvur Verateswarar Temple]] at [[Vazhuvoor]], [[Keelaparasalur Veerateswarar Temple]] at Tirupariyalur, [[Kandeeswarar Temple]] at [[Thirukkandiyur]] and [[Tiruvirkudi Veerataneswarar Temple]] at Thiruvirkudi.<ref name=R>{{cite book|title=An introduction to religion and Philosophy - Tévarám and Tivviyappirapantam|url=https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY2lZpy.TVA_BOK_0006115|last=R.|first=Dr. Vijayalakshmy|publisher=International Institute of Tamil Studies| location=Chennai|year=2001|edition=1st|pages=458–9}}</ref> Shiva in all these temples are described to have used bow and arrow, trident and spear.

It is one of the shrines of the 275 [[Paadal Petra Sthalams]] - [[Shiva Temples of Tamil Nadu#Sthalams|Shiva Sthalams]] glorified in the early medieval ''[[Tevaram]]'' poems by Tamil Saivite [[Nayanars|Nayanar]] [[Sambandar]]. The ten songs of Sambandar are compiled in second ''[[Thirumurai]]'' as 108th canto.<ref name=Saiva4>{{cite book|title=Saiva Encyclopaedia volume 4 - Thirumurai Thalangal|editor-last=Dr. R.|editor-first=Selvaganapathy|publisher=Saint Sekkizhaar Human Resource Development Charitable Trust|location=Chennai, India|year=2013|pages=411–3}}</ref>

Tirugnanasambandar describes the feature of the deity as:<ref>Tirugnanasambandar Tevaram, II:108:9</ref>
{{cquote|செங்கண் மாலொடு நான்முகன் தேடியுந் திருவ டியறியாமை 
எங்கு மாரெரி யாகிய இறைவனை யறைபுனன் முடியார்ந்த 
வெங்கண் மால்வரைக் கரியுரித் துகந்தவன் விற்குடி வீரட்டம் 
தங்கை யால்தொழு தேத்தவல் லாரவர் தவமல்கு குணத்தாரே.}}

==Festival and religious practices==
[[File:Thiruvirkudi (10).jpg|250px|thumb|Outer view of the temple]]
The temple priests perform the ''[[puja (Hinduism)|pooja]]'' (rituals) during festivals and on a daily basis. Like other Shiva temples of Tamil Nadu, the priests belong to the [[Shaivism|Shaivaite]] community, a Brahmin sub-caste. The temple rituals are performed four times a day; Kalasanthi at 7:00 a.m., Uchikalam at 10:00 a.m., Sayarakshai at 6:00 p.m. and Ardha Jamam at 8:30 p.m. Each ritual comprises four steps: ''abhisheka'' (sacred bath), ''alangaram'' (decoration), ''neivethanam'' (food offering) and ''deepa aradanai'' (waving of lamps) for both Veerateeswarar and Elavar Kuzhali. The worship is held amidst music with ''[[nagaswaram]]'' (pipe instrument) and ''[[tavil]]'' (percussion instrument), religious instructions in the [[Vedas]] read by priests and prostration by worshippers in front of the temple mast. There are weekly rituals like ''{{lang|te-Latn|somavaram}}'' and ''{{lang|te-Latn|sukravaram}}'', fortnightly rituals like ''[[pradosha]]m'' and monthly festivals like ''[[amavasya|amavasai]]'' (new moon day), ''kiruthigai'', ''[[pournami (festival)|pournami]]'' (full moon day) and ''sathurthi''. There is a temple procession during the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil month]] of Margazhi (December- January) Thiruvadhirai festival. Masimagam during (February - March) followed by 10-day Brahmostavam are the major festivals in the temple.<ref name="dinamalar">{{cite web|title=Sri Veerateeswarar temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=482|publisher=Dinamalar|access-date=13 June 2020}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]
[[Category:Ashta Veeratta Stalam]]

Kotma Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:56:27Z

Leonpcs: Created a data!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kotma
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 86
| map_image = 86-Kotma.svg
| mla = [[Dilip Jaiswal (politician)|Dilip Jaiswal]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = [[Suneel Saraf]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| district = [[Anuppur district|Anuppur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Shahdol Lok Sabha constituency|Shahdol]]
| established = 1957
| reservation = None
}}
'''Kotma''' is one of the 230 Legislative Assembly constituencies of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state in central [[India]].<ref name="election2013">{{cite web|title=Madhya Pradesh 2013|url=http://www.myneta.info/mp2013/index.php?action=show_candidates&constituency_id=175|website=myneta.info|publisher=National Election Watch|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018">{{cite web|title=List of Assembly Constituencies|url=http://eci.nic.in/archive/se98/background/S12/ListACs-MP.html|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2018-1">{{cite web|title=Vidhansabha Seats|url=http://www.electionsinindia.com/madhyapradesh/statepc.aspx|website=electionsininda.com|publisher=Election In India|access-date=18 May 2018}}</ref>

It is in [[Anuppur district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|rowspan=2| [[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]<ref name=election1957>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3728-madhya-pradesh-1957/ |title=Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election -1957 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| [[Hariraj Kunwar]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[Ratan Singh (Kotma MLA)|Ratan Singh]]
|-
| [[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]<ref name="election1962">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3729-madhya-pradesh-1962/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Girja Kumari
|-
| [[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]<ref name="election1967">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3730-madhya-pradesh-1967/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| K. M. Singh
|-
| [[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]<ref name="election1972">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3731-madhya-pradesh-1972/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Mrigendra Singh
|-
| [[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]<ref name="election1977">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3732-madhya-pradesh-1977/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Babulal Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]<ref name=election1980>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3733-madhya-pradesh-1980/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan=2|Bhagwandin Gond
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (Indira)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]<ref name=election1985>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3734-madhya-pradesh-1985/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=30 September 2021}}</ref>
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]<ref name="election1990">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3735-madhya-pradesh-1990/ |accessdate=30 September 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Chhote Lal
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]<ref name="election1993">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3736-madhya-pradesh-1993/ |accessdate=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| Rajesh Nandani Singh
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]<ref name=election1998>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3737-madhya-pradesh-1998/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan=2|[[Jaisingh Maravi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2003 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3738-madhya-pradesh-2003/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2003 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=22 December 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3739-madhya-pradesh-2008/ |accessdate=22 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| [[Dilip Jaiswal (politician)|Dilip Jaiswal]]
|-
| [[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013" />
| [[Manoj Kumar Agrawal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2018|2018]]
| [[Suneel Saraf]]
|-
| [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| [[Dilip Jaiswal (politician)|Dilip Jaiswal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kotma<ref name="election2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-polls-2023/story/madhya-pradesh-election-bjp-second-candidate-list-shivraj-singh-chouhan-2440421-2023-09-25|title=3 Union ministers feature in BJP's second list for Madhya Pradesh polls|work=India Today|accessdate=25 September 2023}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Dilip Jaiswal (politician)|Dilip Jaiswal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:65818}}
|percentage = 55.48
|change = +22.0
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Suneel Saraf]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:43030}}
|percentage = 36.27
|change = -7.6
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Seema Kewat
|votes = {{formatnum:2977}}
|percentage = 2.51
|change = -2.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1486}}
|percentage = 1.25
|change = +0.8
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:22788}}
|percentage = 19.21
|change = +8.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:118630}}
|percentage = 78.84
|change = +5.51
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2018 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kotma<ref name="election2018"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Suneel Saraf]]
|votes = {{formatnum:48249}}
|percentage = 43.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Dilip Jaiswal (politician)|Dilip Kumar Jaiswal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:36820}}
|percentage = 33.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|candidate = Ramkhelawn Tiwari
|votes = {{formatnum:5766}}
|percentage = 5.24
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Santosh Kumar Kewat
|votes = {{formatnum:5044}}
|percentage = 4.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Sapaks Party
|candidate = Kishori Lal Chaturvedi
|votes = {{formatnum:4392}}
|percentage = 3.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sudhir Pandey
|votes = {{formatnum:2419}}
|percentage = 2.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Nirmla Prajapati
|votes = {{formatnum:1348}}
|percentage = 1.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:491}}
|percentage = 0.45
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:11429}}
|percentage = 10.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:109975}}
|percentage = 73.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kotma<ref name=election2013 name="election2013-1">{{cite web|title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh - Detailed Results|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2013/MPAE_2013_stat_report.pdf|website=eci.nic.in|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=22 May 2018}}</ref><ref name="election2013"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[Manoj Kumar Agrawal]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 38319
|percentage = 36.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Rajesh Soni
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 36773
|percentage = 35.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Khurshid Ahmed
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 7202
|percentage = 2.58
|change = 6.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Pushpendra Singh
Gaharwar
|party = Gondwana Ganatantra Party
|votes = 5454
|percentage = 5.25
|change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Sahasram
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 4398
|percentage = 4.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Haridwar Singh
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 4296
|percentage = 4.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Narvda Singh
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 1070
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Saket Kumar
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 907
|percentage = 0.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Ram Khelawan Tiwari
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|votes = 865
|percentage = 0.83
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Manoj Verma
Kushwaha
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 648
|percentage = 0.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Budha Sen Rathour
|party = Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
|votes = 502
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Brajendra Kumar
Mishra
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = 494
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Arvind Gupta
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 457
|percentage = 0.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = Abhilash Tripathi
|party = Independent (politician)
|votes = 443
|percentage = 0.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|
|candidate = Saurabh Kumar
Dwivedi
|party = BSCP
|votes = 396
|percentage = 0.38
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 1704
|percentage = 1.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|
|votes = 103928
|percentage = 72.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box swing with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Kotma]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{coords|23.27|82.13|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Anuppur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]

Dataganj Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:48:31Z

Leonpcs: Starting first info needs work

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dataganj
| constituency_no = 117
| map_image = 117-Dataganj.svg
| mla = [[Rajeev Kumar Singh (Dataganj politician)|Rajeev Kumar Singh]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| established = 1956
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Badaun district|Badaun]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 389,734 (2017)
| type= SLA
}}
'''Dataganj Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Badaun district|Badaun]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1957 after the "DPACO (1956)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1956.<ref name="DPACO (1956)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1956)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=12 December 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-56-DCI.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 117.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 12 December 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/dataganj.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Dataganj Assembly constituency is KCs Samrer, Dataganj, Hazratpur, Usawan, Alapur NP, Usawan NP, Usehat NP & Dataganj NP of Dataganj Tehsil.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || - || - || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || Constituency not in existence || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 02 || [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Harish Chandra Singh || [[Indian National Congress]] || Apr-1957 || Mar-1962 || 1,800 || - || <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Narain Singh || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || Harish Chandra Singh || [[Independent politician|Independent]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Tribeni Sahai || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]] || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || Santosh Kumari || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || Avenesh Kumar Singh || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || Santosh Kumari || [[Indian National Congress (I)]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || Avenesh Kumar Singh || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || Santosh Kumari Pathak || [[Indian National Congress]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Avenesh Kumar Singh || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | Prem Pal Singh Yadav || rowspan="2" | [[Samajwadi Party]] || Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Sinod Kumar Shakya]] || rowspan="2" | [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=12 December 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 17 || [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Rajeev Kumar Singh (Dataganj politician)|Rajeev Kumar Singh]] || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Mar-2022 || - || - || <ref name="2017 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2017 HDFC Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=14 October 2018|url=https://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2017/UP/10.Detailed%20Results.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 18 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || Mar-2022 || Incumbent || || ||
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Dataganj<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajeev Singh Urf Babbu Bhaiya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:107591}}
|percentage = 45.34
|change = {{increase}}10.15
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Arjun Singh
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = {{formatnum:98115}}
|percentage = 41.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Rachit Gupta
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:20571}}
|percentage = 8.67
|change = {{decrease}}15.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Atif Khan
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:2413}}
|percentage = 1.02
|change = {{decrease}}13.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1463}}
|percentage = 0.62
|change = {{decrease}}0.26
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9476}}
|percentage = 3.99
|change = {{decrease}}7.47
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:237304}}
|percentage = 58.29
|change = {{increase}}0.6
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===

Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh
<ref name="2017 Election Results"/>
{{Election box begin | title=2017 General Elections: Dataganj}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Rajeev Kumar Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:79110}}
|percentage = 35.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sinod Kumar Shakya (Deepu Bhaiya)
|votes = {{formatnum:53351}}
|percentage = 23.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Lok Dal
|candidate = Captain Arjun Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:39029}}
|percentage = 17.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Prem Pal Singh Yadav
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:32243}}
|percentage = 14.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Peace Party of India
|candidate = Dr Shailesh Pathak
|votes = {{formatnum:11064}}
|percentage = 4.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1971}}
|percentage = 0.88
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:25759}}
|percentage = 11.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:224822}}
|percentage = 57.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Aonla Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Budaun district]]
*[[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Budaun district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1956]]
[[Category:1956 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

13B (film)

2026-04-12T12:52:19Z

Leonpcs: Made The Details W/ Infobox

{{short description|2009 Tamil language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 13B: Fear Has a New Address Yaavarum Nalam
| image = 13B, Fear Has a New Address.jpeg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Vikram K. Kumar]]
| producer = Rajesh Sawhney
| screenplay = Vikram K. Kumar
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = Vikram K. Kumar (Tamil) [[Abhinav Kashyap]] (Hindi)
}}
| story = Vikram K. Kumar
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* [[R. Madhavan]]
* [[Nitu Chandra|Neetu Chandra]]
* [[Sachin Khedekar]]
* [[Deepak Dobriyal]]
* [[Murali Sharma]]
* [[Ravi Babu]]
}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] '''Background Score:''' Tubby–Parik
| cinematography = [[P. C. Sreeram]]
| editing = [[Sreekar Prasad]]
| studio = Wide Angle Creations
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment|BIG Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|3|6}}
| runtime = 142 minutes (Hindi version)<ref name="BBFC">{{cite web |title=13B |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/13b-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjmzmje |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103130816/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/13b-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc00mjmzmje |archive-date=3 January 2022 |access-date=3 January 2022 |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]]}}</ref> 144 minutes (Tamil version)
| country = India
| language = Hindi Tamil
| budget = {{INR}}12 crore<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=13B: Fear Has a New Address – Movie |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528013214/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=160 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Box Office India}}</ref>
| gross = {{INR}}23 crore<ref name="auto" /><ref name="big">{{cite web |date=15 June 2009 |title=BIG Pictures' 'Yavarum Nalam' Completes 100 Days 'Yavarum Nalam' Grosses Rs 13 Crore At The Box Office |url=https://www.relianceentertainment.com/big-pictures-yaavarum-nalam-completes-100-days-yaavarum-nalam-grosses-rs-13-crore-at-the-box-office/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205141551/https://www.relianceentertainment.com/big-pictures-yaavarum-nalam-completes-100-days-yaavarum-nalam-grosses-rs-13-crore-at-the-box-office/ |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=[[Reliance Entertainment]]}}</ref>
}}

'''''13B: Fear Has a New Address''''' is a 2009 Indian [[horror thriller film]] written and directed by [[Vikram Kumar]]. The film stars [[R. Madhavan]] and [[Nitu Chandra|Neetu Chandra]]. Produced by Suresh Balaje and George Pius, the film was [[Multiple-language version|simultaneously shot]] in [[Hindi]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]] with the latter version titled '''''Yavarum Nalam''''' ({{translation|Everyone is well}}) with a slightly different cast. The Tamil version was also later dubbed into [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''13-Padamoodu'', featuring a few scenes reshot with [[Ravi Babu]].{{cn|date=February 2026}}

The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], while Tubby-Parik provided the background score. Released on 6 March 2009, the film received mixed reviews but was commercially successful, and has since gained a [[cult following]]. [[Rediff]] placed the Tamil version of the film in its list of top films of 2009,<ref>{{cite web |date=December 15, 2009 |title=Top Tamil Films of 2009 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-top-tamil-films-of-2009/20091215.htm |url-status=live |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> while the American entertainment publication ''[[Collider (website)|Collider]]'' considered it an original and one of the greatest Indian horror films of all time, praising its mixing elements of [[J-horror]] with a unique storyline.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 August 2021 |title=16 Best Indian Horror Movies Of All Time, Ranked |url=https://screenrant.com/best-indian-horror-movies-all-time/ |access-date=1 August 2024 |website=[[Collider (website)|Collider]]}}</ref>

A TV series with a similar theme called ''[[Dhootha]]'' written and directed by Vikram Kumar was released in 2023. Some have speculated that ''13B'' and ''Dhootha'' exist in the same universe, while others have said that ''Dhootha'' is a standalone sequel to ''13B''.{{cn|date=February 2026}}

== Plot ==
Manohar moves into a new apartment, 13B, on the 13th floor with his family. They encounter a series of small but strange incidents, which are regarded as inauspicious by his family but shrugged off by Mano. The elevator in the apartment works for everyone in the building except Mano, which bothers him.

The women in the family become hooked on a new TV show, "Sab Khairiyat" / "Yavarum Nalam" ("Everyone is Well"). The show is about a family very similar to Mano's, who have also moved into a new house. As the show unfolds, Mano notices the incidents happening in the serial reflect what is happening to his family: his sister graduating, or his wife Priya getting pregnant and later suffering a [[miscarriage]]. Their longtime family friend and doctor, Dr. Balram, also known as Balu / Dr. Shinde, saved Priya. The rest of the family remains oblivious to the similarities. Mano goes to the production company of the serial to inquire about it. To his horror, he discovers that Yavarum Nalam / Sab Khairiyat is a different TV show. The serial that his family watches appears only in his house, every day, at 1:00 PM (13:00).

Back at home, Mano finds an album with photographs of the family from the serial, as well as one man he does not recognize. He then unravels a terrifying secret: the apartment they live in shared its address with a house where another family of eight was murdered in 1977, and that the house was built in the same place where Mano's apartment stands. It was the family of a TV news anchor, Chitra. On the day of Chitra's engagement, an ardent fan, Sairam, attempted to stop the engagement because he was obsessed with her. He warned that he would kill everyone without leaving a piece of them. But, failing to convince them, he killed himself the very next day. It was revealed that all members of Chitra's family (including Chitra too) were murdered with a hammer on the same day as Sairam's death. The blame rested on the lunatic brother Senthil / Ashok in the family, as he had been seen with the hammer last. The police officer investigating the case seemingly committed suicide by hanging himself in the same house.

Mano, along with his Inspector friend Shiva, meets Chitra's former fiancé, Ramachandran / Ram Charan, a High Court defense lawyer who tried to plead for Senthil / Ashok's innocence. Later, they meet Senthil / Ashok at an institute for the mentally disabled. After researching one night, Mano has a nightmare of a murderer climbing the stairs to kill his family. He goes to the hall and witnesses the climax of Yavarum Nalam / Sab Khairiyat when they are showing the murderer's identity: Mano's face is shown as the killer.

Not wanting to risk his family's life, he tells Balu / Shinde to book tickets and send his family members somewhere without telling him, so they would be safe. When Mano and Shiva go to Balu / Shinde's house, Mano requests to be locked up to prevent him from harming his family. It is at that point that he suddenly spots a hammer similar to the one he saw on his TV in the yard. He understands a horrifying truth and manages to convince Shiva to let him out.

Balu / Shinde arrives at Mano’s home and gives the flight tickets to Mano's wife. Suddenly, the television starts when he comes home, and he sees Chitra's spirit, which triggers hallucinations of Chitra and her family in the form of Mano's family. He starts attacking all of the members in the house, and Mano arrives at the right time to save them. The murderer is revealed to be Balu / Shinde. He killed the family in 1977 after the death of Sairam, his brother, and also killed the police officer who had found evidence that could lead to him. Mano kills Balu / Shinde, and this is revealed to be what the TV had shown earlier: that Mano was innocent, and Balu was the real culprit.

The story ends with Manohar living a normal life with his family. They bring Senthil / Ashok home, and the apartment's lift finally works for Manohar, while Priya becomes pregnant again. When Mano uses the lift the next day, he receives a call from Balu / Shinde, saying that while the family had haunted the TV, he now haunts Manohar's phone. As the call ends, the elevator comes to a halt.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*[[R. Madhavan]] as R. Manohar aka Mano
*[[Nitu Chandra|Neetu Chandra]] as Priya, Manohar's wife
*[[Murali Sharma]] (Hindi) / [[Ravi Babu]] (Tamil) as Inspector Shiva
*[[Sachin Khedekar]] as Dr. Shinde (Hindi) / Dr. Balu (Tamil)
*Sanjaiah Bokaria as R. Manoj, Manohar's elder brother
*Amitha Rajan as Deepa, Manoj's wife (voice dubbed in Hindi by Balvinder Kaur)
*[[Poonam Dhillon]] (Hindi) as Sushma, Manohar's mother
**[[Saranya Ponvannan]] (Tamil) as Shanthi, Manohar's mother
*[[Dhritiman Chatterjee]] as Mr. Kamdhar (Hindi) / Mr. Thyagrajan (Tamil)
*[[Deepak Dobriyal]] as Ashok (Hindi) / Senthil (Tamil)
*[[Sampath Raj]] as Advocate Ram Charan (Hindi) / Advocate Ramachandran (Tamil)
*[[Roshan Abbas]] (Hindi) / [[Khushbu Sundar|Khushbu]] (Tamil) as Show Host
*[[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]] as TV Reporter
*[[Amar Upadhyay]] (Hindi) / [[S. N. Vasanth]] (Tamil) as Mohan
*[[Suhasini Mulay]] as Mohan's mother (Hindi)
*[[Meera Vasudevan]] as Chitra, Doordarshan newsreader (Hindi)
*Iswar Srikumar as Inspector Eashwar Gandhre (Hindi) (voice dubbed by [[Mayur Vyas]])
**[[Sampath Ram]] (Tamil) as Inspector Ilangovan
*[[Rachana Maurya]] (special appearance)
}}

==Soundtrack==
The film's music was composed by [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]], while the lyrics in Hindi and Tamil were penned by Neelesh Mishra and [[Thamarai]] respectively.
{{Infobox album
| name = Yaavarum Nalam/13B
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 6 February 2009
| recorded = 2008
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 39:33
| language = {{plainlist|
* [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}
| label = [[Big Music (record label)|Big Music]] [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| producer = [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
| prev_title = [[Short Kut]]
| prev_year = 2009
| next_title = [[Sikandar (2009 film)|Sikandar]]
| next_year = 2009
}}

===Hindi===
{{track listing
| all_music =
| all_lyrics =
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title1 = Sab Khairiyat Hai
| extra1 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length1 = 1:46
| title2 = Bade Se Shehar Mein
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], Shankar Mahadevan
| length2 = 4:30
| title3 = Oh Sexy Mama
| extra3 = [[Anushka Manchanda]], [[Baba Sehgal]], [[Loy Mendonsa]]
| length3 = 4:06
| title4 = 13 B
| note4 = Theme
| extra4 =
| length4 = 4:57
| title5 = Aasma Odhkar
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chitra]], Shankar Mahadevan
| length5 = 4:25
| title6 = Sab Khairiyat Hai
| note6 = Remix
| extra6 = Shankar Mahadevan
| length6 = 4:04
| title7 = Aasma Odhkar
| note7 = Remix
| extra7 = K. S. Chitra, Shankar Mahadevan
| length7 = 6:04
| title8 = Oh Crazy Mama
| extra8 = [[Akriti Kakkar]], Hrishikesh Kamerkar, Rajiv Sunderasan, Anushka Manchanda, Baba Sehgal, Loy Mendonsa
| length8 = 4:37
| title9 = Bade Se Shehar Mein
| note9 = Remix
| extra9 = Karthik
| length9 = 5:08
}}

===Tamil===
{{track listing
| all_music =
| all_lyrics =
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| title2 = Yavarum Nalam
| extra2 = [[Shankar Mahadevan]]
| length2 = 1:46
| title1 = Chinnakkuyil Koovam
| extra1 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| length1 = 4:30
| title3 = Oh Sexy Mama
| extra3 = [[Anuradha Sriram]], [[Jassie Gift]]
| length3 = 4:06
| title4 = Yavarum Nalam
| note4 = Theme
| extra4 =
| length4 = 4:57
| title5 = Kaatrilae Vaasame
| extra5 = [[K. S. Chitra]], Shankar Mahadevan
| length5 = 4:25
| title6 = Yaavarum Nalam
| note6 = Remix
| extra6 = Shankar Mahadevan
| length6 = 4:04
| title7 = Kaatrilae Vaasame
| note7 = Remix
| extra7 = K. S. Chitra, Shankar Mahadevan
| length7 = 6:04
| title8 = Oh Sexy Mama
| note8 = Remix
| extra8 = Anuradha Sriram, Jassie Gift
| length8 = 4:37
| title9 = Chinnakkuyil Koovam
| note9 = Remix
| extra9 = Karthik
| length9 = 5:08
}}

==Release==
===Reception===
The film received mixed reviews from critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=83|count=6|average=5|ref=yes}}

====''13B''====
[[Times of India]] gave the movie a 3.5/5 rating and said, "Watch out for some zippy cinematography, a stylized monochrome tint, and some snazzy editing. Great timepass. Go for it."<ref>{{Cite news |title=13B Movie Review: Critic Review of 13B by Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/13b/movie-review/4229778.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180814203532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/13b/movie-review/4229778.cms |archive-date=14 August 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

[[Idlebrain.com]] gave it 2.5 out of 5 stars and stated, "The first half of the film is a little boring. The way the story unfolds in the second half is good. But the flashback episode and the climax is not shot in a gripping manner. The plus points of the film are the story, cinematography, and Madhavan. The negative points are inconsistent screenplay and runtime. Though it has an interesting plot point, 13B fails due to lack of gripping narration."<ref>{{Cite web |title=13b Hindi film review – idlebrain.com – Madhavan & Neetu Chandra |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/mumbai/reviews/13b.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103121736/http://www.idlebrain.com/mumbai/reviews/13b.html |archive-date=3 November 2017 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> [[Rajeev Masand]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and wrote, "13B is the kind of convenient thriller where you do get a twist ending, but the kind in which anything goes. The logic behind the twist and the back-story to the supernatural premise is so convoluted, it's hardly clever."<ref>{{Cite web |title=House of horrors |url=http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/house-of-horrors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728221359/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/reviews/our-films/house-of-horrors/ |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

[[Hindustan Times]] gave the movie 2 out of 5 stars and stated, "If you like horror films, this one's par for the course, especially in the first half, where Vikram K Kumar uses the TV set for an interesting premise, the actors do their bit and the camera picks up suitably weird angles."<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2009 |title=Review: 13B |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-13b/story-OqFJEIHC73umyX3Njnp5LI.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728191500/https://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/review-13b/story-OqFJEIHC73umyX3Njnp5LI.html |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> [[Rediff.com]] rated the film 2 out of 5 stars and said, "One simply wishes it didn't have to be such hard work getting to the point, for the filmmakers as well as the audience."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spooky 13B works out in the end |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/06hindi-review-13b.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180416091500/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2009/mar/06hindi-review-13b.htm |archive-date=16 April 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

[[Taran Adarsh]] of [[Bollywood Hungama]] gave the film 1.5 out of 5 stars and said that "On the whole, 13B is interesting in parts, not in entirety."<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2009 |title=13B Review – Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/13b/critic-review/13b-movie-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002060401/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/13b/critic-review/13b-movie-review/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=28 July 2018 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]}}</ref>

Shubhra Gupta of [[The Indian Express]] said, "Forget the irritating item numbers. Stay with the film, and you will come to a smart little end, and leave half-smiling, half-wondering: is this what the future holds?"<ref>{{Cite web |title=13 B, Fear Has A New Address (Movie Review) |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/13-b-fear-has-a-new-address-(movie-review)/431789/2 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030022426/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/13-b-fear-has-a-new-address-%28movie-review%29/431789/2 |archive-date=30 October 2023 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref> [[Film Journal International]] wrote in their review, "J-horror-styled supernatural thriller from India doesn't have the gore or intensity of the real thing, and for many in the mainstream, that's a relief. Low-budget-looking but effective, with a great central gimmick."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film Review: 13B |url=http://www.filmjournal.com/content/film-review-13b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728191242/http://www.filmjournal.com/content/film-review-13b |archive-date=28 July 2018 |access-date=28 July 2018}}</ref>

====''Yavarum Nalam''====
Bhama Devi Rani of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "It is a neat entertainer without amateurish spook props. This is one goose bumps date you would want to keep".<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/yavarum-nalam/movie-review/4234468.cms</ref>

===Box office===
The Hindi version grossed only {{INR}}10 crore and was a commercial failure, according to [[Box Office India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=13B – Movie |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=160 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123145919/https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=160 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |access-date=15 February 2021 |website=[[Box Office India]]}}</ref> The Tamil version was a hit, grossing around {{INR}}13 crore.<ref name="big" />

==See also==
*[[List of ghost films]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2000s ghost films]]
[[Category:2009 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2000s horror thriller films]]
[[Category:2000s psychological horror films]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 horror films]]
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:2009 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2009 psychological thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional rooms]]
[[Category:Films directed by Vikram Kumar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]
[[Category:Films set in apartment buildings]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian psychological horror films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language horror thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language psychological thriller films]]

Keith Vaz

2026-04-09T09:41:30Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|Former British Labour MP}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2025}}
{{Use British English|date=October 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = Keith Vaz
| honorific_suffix =
| image = File:Official portrait of Keith Vaz crop 2.jpg
| caption = Official portrait, 2017
| office = Chairman of the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]]
| term_start = 26 July 2007
| term_end = 6 September 2016
| predecessor = [[John Denham (politician)|John Denham]]
| successor = [[Tim Loughton]] (acting)
| office1 = [[Minister of State for Europe]]
| prime_minister1 = [[Tony Blair]]
| term_start1 = 9 May 1999
| term_end1 = 11 June 2001
| predecessor1 = [[Geoff Hoon]]
| successor1 = [[Peter Hain]]
| office2 = [[Lord Chancellor's Department#Junior ministers|Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State to the Lord Chancellor's Department]]
| term_start2 = 17 May 1999
| term_end2 = 28 July 1999
| predecessor2 = [[Geoff Hoon]]
| successor2 = [[David Lock]]
| prime_minister2 = [[Tony Blair]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Leicester East]]
| term_start3 = 11 June 1987
| term_end3 = 6 November 2019
| predecessor3 = [[Peter Bruinvels]]
| successor3 = [[Claudia Webbe]]
| majority3 =
| birth_name = Nigel Keith Anthony Standish Vaz
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|11|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Aden Colony]] (now [[Yemen]])
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = {{ublist
| One Leicester (since 2024)
| [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] (until 2024)
}}
| relations = [[Valerie Vaz]] (sister)
| spouse = Maria Fernandes
| children = 2
| alma_mater = [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| website =
}}

'''Nigel Keith Anthony Standish Vaz''' (born 26 November 1956) is a British politician who served as the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Leicester East]] for 32 years, from [[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]] to [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]]. He is the [[UK Parliament]]'s longest-serving [[British Asians in politics of the United Kingdom|British Asian MP]].

Vaz served as the [[Minister for Europe]] between October 1999 and June 2001. He was appointed a member of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in June 2006. He was Chairman of the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]] from July 2007, but resigned from this role on 6 September 2016 after the ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'' revealed he had engaged in [[Bareback (sex)|unprotected sexual activity]] with male [[sex worker]]s and had said he would pay for [[cocaine]] if they wished to use it.

At the end of October 2016, Vaz was appointed to the [[Justice Select Committee]]; a parliamentary vote to block his appointment was defeated.<ref name="Hughes">{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Laura |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/11/01/tory-mps-defeat-bid-to-stop-keith-vaz-from-being-appointed-to-ju/ |title=Tory MPs defeat bid to stop Keith Vaz from being appointed to Justice Committee |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date=1 November 2016 |access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref> On 10 November 2019, he said in a statement he would not be standing for re-election at the general election the following month.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50369905 |title=Labour's Keith Vaz will not stand for re-election |date=10 November 2019 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |access-date=11 November 2019}}</ref>

He stood in the [[2024 United Kingdom general election]] in Leicester East for the One Leicester party.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://twitter.com/tomhfh/status/1798786194945487041 |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=X (formerly Twitter)}}</ref> He was consequently expelled from the Labour Party.<ref name="ol">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/article/2024/jun/07/disgraced-keith-vaz-kicked-out-of-labour-as-he-stands-for-one-leicester-party |title=Disgraced Keith Vaz expelled from Labour as he stands for One Leicester party |date=7 June 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> He failed in his election bid, finishing fifth with 3,681 votes.

==Early and personal life==
Keith Vaz was born in the [[Colony of Aden|British crown colony of Aden]],<ref name=indpro>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/keith-vaz-who-is-keith-vaz-male-prostitute-claims-home-affairs-select-committee-chairman-stands-down-a7225296.html |title=Keith Vaz: Who is the Labour MP caught up in male prostitute claims? |work=[[The Independent]] |date=4 September 2016}}</ref> on 26 November 1956,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/feature/keith-vaz-mp |title=Keith Vaz MP |work=Black Lawyers Directory |date=24 October 2012}}</ref> to Anthony Xavier and Merlyn Verona Vaz.<ref>Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Dod's Parliamentary Companion Ltd, 2010, p. 348</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Merylene Vaz|url=http://www.family-announcements.co.uk/localworld/view/1000201/merlyn-vaz|website=Family announcements|access-date=17 January 2017|archive-date=20 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120171037/http://www.family-announcements.co.uk/localworld/view/1000201/merlyn-vaz|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Vaz family hailed from [[Goa]] (then part of [[Portuguese India]]), now an [[India]]n state, which accounts for his [[Goan Catholic names and surnames|Goan-Portuguese]] surname.<ref name=indtef>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/keith-vaz-the-teflon-mp-who-enjoys-the-limelight-9038101.html |title=Keith Vaz: The 'Teflon MP' who enjoys the limelight |work=The Independent |date=4 January 2014}}</ref> Vaz is a distant relative of [[Joseph Vaz|Saint Joseph Vaz]], a 17th-century missionary.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2014/09/18/relative-of-british-mp-to-become-sri-lankas-first-saint/ |title=Relative of British MP to become Sri Lanka's first saint |work=[[Catholic Herald]] |date=18 September 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140920010333/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2014/09/18/relative-of-british-mp-to-become-sri-lankas-first-saint/ |archive-date=20 September 2014 }}</ref> He moved to England with his family in 1965, settling in [[Twickenham]].<ref name=indpro />

His father, previously a correspondent for ''[[The Times of India]]'',<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/04/keith-vaz-one-scandal-too-many-for-the-publicity-seeking-mp|title=Keith Vaz: one scandal too many for the publicity-seeking MP|first=Helen|last=Pidd|date=4 September 2016|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> worked in the airline industry, while his mother held jobs both as a teacher and simultaneously part-time in [[Marks & Spencer]]. Vaz's father [[suicide|took his own life]] when Vaz was 14.<ref name="Personal">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jan/02/keith-vaz-jacintha-saldanha-children-this-could-be-me |title=Keith Vaz on Jacintha Saldanha's children: 'This could be me 42 years ago' |last=Laville |first=Sandra |date= 2 January 2013 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Merlyn Vaz moved to Leicester when her son was selected as prospective parliamentary candidate for the Leicester East constituency. She was elected to [[Leicester City Council]] as a Labour councillor and served on the council for 14 years.

While in Aden, Vaz was educated at St Joseph's Convent. In England, he attended [[Latymer Upper School]], [[Hammersmith]], followed by [[Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]], where he read law. He graduated from [[Cambridge University]] with a BA first-class Honours degree (1979), later [[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|promoted]] to MA (1987).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/vote2001/candidates/candidates/3/36106.stm |title=Candidate: Keith Vaz |publisher=BBC News |date=2001}}</ref>

Vaz has two sisters,<ref name=indtef /> [[Valerie Vaz|Valerie]] (born 1954), who has been the MP for [[Walsall South]] since [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010]],<ref name=indpro /> and Penny McConnell, who is a solicitor.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1327545/Ministers-sister-wins-race-bias-settlement.html |title=Minister's sister wins race bias settlement |work=[[Daily Telegraph]] |date=23 March 2001}}</ref> He lives in London with his wife, Maria Fernandes, and their two children, a son and a daughter.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/04/keith-vaz-how-the-teflon-mp-has-survived-numerous-scandals/ |title=Keith Vaz: How the 'Teflon MP' has survived numerous scandals |work=Daily Telegraph |date=4 September 2016}}</ref>

==Early career==
Before his political career, Vaz was a practising solicitor. In 1982, he was employed as a solicitor to [[Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council]]; and later as a senior solicitor to the [[London Borough of Islington]]. He was selected as the prospective Labour candidate for the [[Leicester East (UK Parliament constituency)|Leicester East constituency]] in 1985. At that time, he found a job in Leicester as a solicitor at the City Council-funded Highfields and Belgrave Law Centre. He remained in this role until his election to Parliament in 1987.

==Political career==
Vaz has been a [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour party]] member since 1982. In 1983, Vaz stood in the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|general election]] as the Labour candidate in the Conservative-Liberal marginal [[Richmond and Barnes]] constituency, coming third with a swing away from Labour of 4.3% compared with a national average swing away of 9.3%. He stood as the Labour candidate in the [[1984 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|European Parliament election in 1984]] for [[Surrey West (European Parliament constituency)|Surrey West]], coming third.

On 11 June 1987, Vaz was elected as the Member of Parliament for Leicester East by defeating the sitting Tory MP [[Peter Bruinvels]] with a majority of 1,924. Three other [[Labour Party Black Sections]] members, [[Diane Abbott]], [[Paul Boateng]] and [[Bernie Grant]], entered the House of Commons at the same election.

Vaz was re-elected in 1992 (majority of 11,316), 1997 (majority of 18,422), 2001 (majority of 13,442), 2005 (majority of 15,867), 2010 (majority of 14,082), 2015 (majority of 18,352) and 2017 (majority of 22,428).

Vaz has held a variety of parliamentary posts. Between 1987 and 1992, he was a member of the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]], of which he was the chair from July 2007 to September 2016. Between 1993 and 1994, he was a member of the Executive Committee Inter-Parliamentary Union. Finally, between December 2002 and July 2007, Vaz acted as a senior Labour Member of the Select Committee for Constitutional Affairs.

In 1992, Vaz was given the role of Shadow Junior Environment Minister with responsibility for planning and regeneration, his first frontbench role. In 1994, the Race Relations (Remedies) Bill, which had first been introduced by Vaz, became law with the support of the UK Government, and which allowed unlimited compensation to be given to those who had suffered racial discrimination.<ref>{{cite act | title = Race Relations (Remedies) Act 1994| date = 3 May 1994|institution= UK Government| url = https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1994/10/enacted}}</ref> He remained in this position until 1997, when he was given his first Government post as the Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Attorney General and Solicitor General. Vaz then served as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Lord Chancellor's Department between May and October 1999.<ref name=twfy>{{cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/keith_vaz/leicester_east|title=Keith Vaz, Labour MP for Leicester East|publisher=TheyWorkForYou.com|access-date=6 June 2010}}</ref> This was quickly followed by his appointment as the Minister for Europe, Foreign and Commonwealth Office. He served in this position from October 1999 and June 2001.<ref name=twfy/>

Other positions he held included as an elected member of the National Executive Committee and as the vice-chair of Women, Race and Equality Committee of the Labour Party. He held both of these positions since March 2007. Since 2000, he has been a patron of the Labour Party Race Action Group and in 2006 he was appointed the Chairman of the Ethnic Minority Taskforce.{{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

Vaz was also appointed to a [[public bill committee]], which held its first meeting on 15 November 2016, looking at the [[Criminal Finances Act 2017|Criminal Finances Bill]] which aimed to tackle [[money laundering]] and [[corruption]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Elliott|first=Francis|url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/disgraced-vaz-given-new-role-tackling-corruption-qdltw03fq|title=Disgraced Vaz given new role tackling corruption|work=The Times|date=15 November 2016|access-date=15 November 2016}} {{subscription required}}</ref>

Vaz signed several early day motions sponsored by [[David Tredinnick (politician)|David Tredinnick]] MP supporting the continued funding of [[homoeopathy]] on the [[National Health Service]].<ref name=":1">{{cite web |url=http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=41282&SESSION=905 |title=Early Day Motion No. 342 British Medical Association Motions on Homeopathy |date=29 June 2010 |last=Tredinnick |first=David |access-date=18 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215104117/http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=41282&SESSION=905 |archive-date=15 December 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=41216&SESSION=905 |title=Early Day Motion No. 284 British Medical Association Motions on Homeopathy |date=29 June 2010 |last=Tredinnick |first=David |access-date=7 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022100121/http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=41216&SESSION=905 |archive-date=22 October 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Vaz supported [[Owen Smith]] in the [[2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election|2016 Labour leadership election]].{{citation needed|date=January 2021}} He was a parliamentary supporter of [[Labour Friends of Israel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.lfi.org.uk/in-parliament/ |title=LFI Supporters in Parliament |access-date=2 September 2019 |work=Labour Friends of Israel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002100511/https://www.lfi.org.uk/in-parliament/ |archive-date=2 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Following the vote in October 2019 by MPs to endorse Vaz's suspension the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' published an article asking: "Why is Keith Vaz even in Parliament?" The article noted that: "He resigned as a minister in 2001, was suspended in 2002, named in the 2009 expenses scandal... His ability to survive certainly suggests something in our democratic system is broken."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2019/10/31/keith-vaz-even-parliament/|title=Why is Keith Vaz even in Parliament?|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=31 October 2019|via=www.telegraph.co.uk|last1=View |first1=Telegraph}}</ref>

On 10 November 2019, Vaz released a statement that he would not seek re-election at the [[2019 United Kingdom general election]] that was held the following month.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/nov/10/labour-keith-vaz-stands-down|title=Labour's Keith Vaz to stand down at general election|last1=Skopeliti|first1=Clea|date=10 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=11 November 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> His six-month suspension meant he would have been subject to a recall petition which could trigger a by-election if supported by 10% of his constituents.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-50212221|title=Labour MP Keith Vaz faces six-month suspension after drug and sex probe|work=BBC News |date=28 October 2019}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===Rushdie affair===
{{Further|The Satanic Verses controversy}}

In March 1989, Vaz, a [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], led a march of several thousand Muslims in Leicester calling for [[Salman Rushdie]]'s book ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' to be banned,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/04/keith-vaz-one-scandal-too-many-for-the-publicity-seeking-mp |title=Keith Vaz: one scandal too many for the publicity-seeking MP |last=Pidd |first=Helen |work=The Guardian |date=4 September 2016}}</ref> describing the march as "one of the great days in the history of Islam and Great Britain".<ref name=joan6>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AbdlAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6 |title=Joseph Anton: A Memoir |author=Salman Rushdie |publisher=[[Random House]] |date=2013 |page=6|author-link=Salman Rushdie |isbn=9780099563440 }}</ref> According to Rushdie's autobiography ''[[Joseph Anton]]'', Vaz had a few weeks earlier promised his "full support" to Rushdie, describing the ''[[fatwa]]'' against him as "absolutely appalling".<ref name=joan6 />

===Leicester IRA attack===
In February 1990, after the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] carried out a bombing attack against a [[British Armed Forces]] recruiting centre in Leicester, Vaz caused public outrage by publicly suggesting that the military might have planted the bomb.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1137824.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Keith Vaz: Minister and networker |date=26 January 2001}}</ref>

===Filkin inquiry===
In February 2000, the Parliamentary standards watchdog [[Elizabeth Filkin]] began an investigation after allegations that Vaz had accepted several thousand pounds from a solicitor, [[Sarosh Zaiwalla]], which he had failed to declare. The allegations were made by Andrew Milne, a former partner of Zaiwalla, and were denied by both Vaz and Zaiwalla.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-did-not-break-code-of-conduct-says-filkin-report-694959.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220005515/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-did-not-break-code-of-conduct-says-filkin-report-694959.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 February 2009 |title=Vaz did not break code of conduct, says Filkin report |last=Morris |first=Nigel |date= 7 March 2001 |work=[[The Independent]] | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last = Hosken | first = Andrew | title = Keith Vaz's property holdings | work = [[Today programme|Today]] | publisher = BBC Radio 4 | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/reports/archive/politics/vaz2.shtml }}</ref> He was censured for a single allegation – that he had failed to register two payments worth £4,500 in total from Zaiwalla.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1370468.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Vaz 'misled inquiry' | date=5 June 2001}}</ref> Vaz was accused of blocking Filkin's investigation into the allegations.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1227990.stm |publisher=BBC News | title=Tories keep heat on Vaz | date=19 March 2001}}</ref>

===Hinduja affair===
In January 2001, immigration minister [[Barbara Roche]] revealed in a written Commons reply that Vaz, along with [[Peter Mandelson]] and other MPs, had contacted the [[Home Office]] about the [[Hinduja brothers]]. She said that Vaz had made inquiries about when a decision on their application for citizenship could be expected.<ref>{{cite news | last = Grice | first = Andrew | title = MPs to quiz Mandelson on passport for Hinduja | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 22 January 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mps-to-quiz-mandelson-on-passport-for-hinduja-702939.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220004500/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/mps-to-quiz-mandelson-on-passport-for-hinduja-702939.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

On 25 January, Vaz had become the focus of Opposition questions about the Hinduja affair and many parliamentary questions were tabled, demanding that he fully disclose his role. Vaz said via a [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office]] (FCO) spokesman that he would be "fully prepared" to answer questions put to him by Sir Anthony Hammond, [[Queen's Counsel|QC]], who had been asked by the Prime Minister to carry out an inquiry into the affair.

Vaz had known the Hinduja brothers for some time; he had been present when the charitable Hinduja Foundation was set up in 1993, and also delivered a speech in 1998 when the brothers invited Tony and [[Cherie Blair]] to a [[Diwali]] celebration.<ref>{{cite news | last = Sengupta| first = Kim | title = Vaz sidesteps questions on links with Hindujas | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 26 January 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-sidesteps-questions-on-links-with-hindujas-704370.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220004506/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-sidesteps-questions-on-links-with-hindujas-704370.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

On 26 January 2001, Conservative MP [[John Redwood]] accused Prime Minister Tony Blair of prejudicing the independent inquiry into the Hinduja passport affair, after Blair declared that the FCO minister Keith Vaz had not done "anything wrong".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Waugh|first1=Paul|title=Vaz defiant over his role in Hinduja passport scandal|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=27 January 2001|last2=Sengupta|first2= Kim|location=London|page=1}}</ref> On the same day, Vaz told reporters that they would "regret" their behaviour once the facts of the case were revealed. "Some of you are going to look very foolish when this report comes out. Some of the stuff you said about Peter, and about others and me, you'll regret very much when the facts come out", he said. When asked why the passport application of one of the Hinduja brothers had been processed more quickly than normal, being processed and sanctioned in six months when the process can take up to two years, he replied, "It is not unusual."<ref>{{cite news | last1 = Waugh | first1 = Paul | first2= Kim |last2=Sengupta | title = Vaz defiant over his role in Hinduja passport scandal | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 27 January 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-defiant-over-his-role-in-hinduja-passport-scandal-704469.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220011850/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/vaz-defiant-over-his-role-in-hinduja-passport-scandal-704469.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

On 29 January, the government confirmed that the Hinduja Foundation had held a reception for Vaz in September 1999 to celebrate his appointment as the first Asian Minister in recent times. The party was not listed by Vaz in House of Commons register of Members' Interests, and Redwood, then head of the Conservative Parliamentary Campaigns Unit, questioned Vaz's judgement in accepting the hospitality.<ref>{{cite news | last = Woolf | first = Marie | title = Hindujas held party to celebrate Vaz being appointed a minister | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 30 January 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/hindujas-held-party-to-celebrate-vaz-being-appointed-a-minister-704847.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220011843/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/hindujas-held-party-to-celebrate-vaz-being-appointed-a-minister-704847.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

In March, Vaz was ordered to co-operate fully with a new inquiry launched into his financial affairs by Elizabeth Filkin. [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] [[Robin Cook]], Vaz's superior, also urged him to answer fully allegations about his links with the Hinduja brothers. Vaz met Filkin on 20 March to discuss a complaint that the Hinduja Foundation had given £1,200 to Mapesbury Communications, a company run by his wife, in return for helping to organise a Hinduja-sponsored reception at the House of Commons. Vaz had previously denied receiving money from the Hindujas, but said that he made no personal gain from the transaction in question.<ref>{{cite news | last = Woolf| first = Marie | title = Filkin launches new investigation into cash links between Vaz and Hindujas | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 22 March 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/filkin-launches-new-investigation-into-cash-links-between-vaz-and-hindujas-688445.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220011834/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/filkin-launches-new-investigation-into-cash-links-between-vaz-and-hindujas-688445.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | last1 = Grice | first1 = Andrew | first2 = Stephen |last2=Castle | title = Downing Street orders Vaz to help inquiry | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 24 March 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/downing-street-orders-vaz-to-help-inquiry-688728.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220014304/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/downing-street-orders-vaz-to-help-inquiry-688728.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

In June 2001, Vaz said that he had made representations during the Hinduja brothers' applications for British citizenship while a backbench MP. Tony Blair also admitted that Vaz had "made representations" on behalf of other Asians.<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = George | first1 = Jones | last2 = Womack | first2 = Sarah | title = Vaz admits greater role over Hinduja passport | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = 19 June 2001 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1319668/Vaz-admits-greater-role-over-Hinduja-passport.html | location=London }}</ref>

On 11 June 2001, Vaz was dismissed from his post as Europe Minister, to be replaced by [[Peter Hain]]. The Prime Minister's office said that Vaz had written to Tony Blair stating his wish to stand down for health reasons.<ref>{{cite news | last1 = Woolf | first1 = Marie | first2 = Andrew |last2=Morris | title = After months of claims and counter claims, Vaz is finally sacked as Minister for Europe | work = [[The Independent]] | date = 12 June 2001 | url = https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/after-months-of-claims-and-counter-claims-vaz-is-finally-sacked-as-minister-for-europe-673703.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220004450/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/after-months-of-claims-and-counter-claims-vaz-is-finally-sacked-as-minister-for-europe-673703.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 February 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

In December 2001, Filkin cleared Vaz of failing to register payments to his wife's law firm by the Hinduja brothers, but said that he had colluded with his wife to conceal the payments. Filkin's report said that the payments had been given to his wife for legal advice on immigration issues and concluded that Vaz had gained no direct personal benefit, and that Commons rules did not require him to disclose payments made to his wife. She did, however, criticise him for his secrecy, saying, "It is clear to me there has been deliberate collusion over many months between Mr Vaz and his wife to conceal this fact and to prevent me from obtaining accurate information about his possible financial relationship with the Hinduja family".<ref>{{cite news | last = Wintour | first = Patrick | title = Vaz cleared over Hinduja payments to wife | work = [[The Guardian]] | date = 24 December 2001 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/dec/24/houseofcommons.labour | location=London}}</ref>

===Suspension from House of Commons===
In 2002, Vaz was [[Suspension in the UK parliament|suspended]] from the House of Commons for one month after a [[Committee on Standards and Privileges]] inquiry found that he had made false allegations against Eileen Eggington, a former policewoman. The committee concluded that "Mr Vaz recklessly made a damaging allegation against Miss Eggington to the Commissioner, which was not true, and which could have intimidated Miss Eggington or undermined her credibility".<ref name=telegraph20020209>{{Cite news | last = Hall | first = Sarah | title = Vaz brought about the very disaster he tried to avoid | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = 9 February 2002 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1384274/Vaz-brought-about-the-very-disaster-he-tried-to-avoid.html | location=London }}</ref>

Eggington, a retired police officer who had served 34 years in the [[Metropolitan Police]], including a period as deputy head of [[Special Branch (Metropolitan Police)|Special Branch]], wanted to help a friend, Mary Grestny, who had worked as personal assistant to Vaz's wife. After leaving the job in May 2000, Grestny dictated a seven-page statement about Mrs Vaz to Eggington in March 2001, who sent it to Filkin. Grestny's statement included allegations that Mr and Mrs Vaz had employed an [[illegal immigrant]] as their [[nanny]], and that they had been receiving gifts from Asian businessmen such as the Hinduja brothers. The allegations were denied by Vaz, and the Committee found no evidence to support them.<ref name=telegraph20020209/>

In late 2001, Vaz complained to [[Leicestershire Police]] that his mother had been upset by a telephone call from "a woman named Mrs Egginton", who claimed to be a police officer. The accusations led to Eggington being questioned by police.<ref>{{Cite news | last = Hall | first = Sarah | title = 'It's incredible that he should try to smear me' | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date = 9 February 2002 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/feb/09/houseofcommons.keithvaz1 | location=London }}</ref> Vaz also wrote a letter of complaint to Filkin, but when she tried to make inquiries Vaz accused her of interfering with a police inquiry and threatened to report her to the [[Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)|Speaker of the House of Commons]]. Eggington denied that she had ever telephoned Vaz's mother and offered her home and mobile telephone records as evidence. The Commons committee decided that she was telling the truth. They added: "Mr Vaz recklessly made a damaging allegation against Miss Eggington, which was not true and which could have intimidated Miss Eggington and undermined her credibility."

A letter to Filkin from [[Detective Superintendent]] [[Nick Gargan]] made it plain that the police did not believe Vaz's mother ever received the phone call and the person who came closest to being prosecuted was not Eggington but Vaz. Gargan said that the police had considered a range of possible offences, including wasteful employment of the police, and an attempt to pervert the course of justice. Leicestershire Police eventually decided not to prosecute. "We cannot rule out a tactical motivation for Mr Vaz's contact with Leicestershire Constabulary but the evidence does not support further investigation of any attempt to pervert the course of justice."<ref name="telegraph20020209"/>

The complaints the committee upheld against Vaz were:<ref>{{cite news | title = Vaz faces Commons suspension | publisher=BBC News | date = 8 February 2002 | url = https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/1808303.stm }}</ref>

* That he had given misleading information to the Standards and Privileges Committee and Filkin about his financial relationship to the Hinduja brothers.
* That he had failed to register his paid employment at the Leicester Law Centre when he first entered Parliament in 1987.
* That he had failed to register a donation from the [[Caparo|Caparo group]] in 1993.

It was concluded that Vaz had "committed serious breaches of the Code of Conduct and showed contempt for the House" and it was recommended that he be suspended from the House of Commons for one month.<ref name="Complaints">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1809249.stm |title=Standards and Privileges Committee report |date=8 February 2002 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

Vaz was represented by his solicitor [[Geoffrey Bindman|Sir Geoffrey Bindman]].<ref name="thetimes2">{{cite news|title=Lawyer claims human rights were breached|last=Watson|first=Roland|date=17 March 2001|work=[[The Times]]|location=United Kingdom}}</ref>

===Nadhmi Auchi===
In 2001, it was revealed that Vaz had assisted Anglo-[[Iraq]]i billionaire [[Nadhmi Auchi]] in his attempts to avoid [[extradition]] to France. Opposition MPs called for an investigation into what one dubbed "Hinduja Mark II".<ref name=observer20010527>{{Cite news | last1 = Barnett| first1 = Antony | last2 = Bright | first2 = Martin | title = Vaz helped tycoon in fraud scandal | newspaper = [[The Observer]] | date = 27 May 2001 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2001/may/27/election2001.labour | location=London }}</ref>

Auchi was wanted for questioning by French police for his alleged role in the [[Elf Aquitaine#Fraud scandal|Elf Aquitaine fraud scandal]] which led to the arrest of a former French Foreign Minister. The warrant issued by French authorities in July 2000 accused Auchi of "complicity in the misuse of company assets and receiving [[embezzle]]d company assets". It also covered Auchi's associate Nasir Abid and stated that, if found guilty of the alleged offences, both men could face 109 years in jail.<ref name=observer20010527/>

Vaz was a director of the British arm of Auchi's corporation, [[General Mediterranean Holdings]] (GMH), whose previous directors had included Lords [[David Steel|Steel]] and [[Norman Lamont|Lamont]], and [[Jacques Santer]]. Vaz used his political influence on GMH's behalf; this included a party in the [[Park Lane]] [[Hilton Worldwide|Hilton]] to celebrate the 20th anniversary of GMH on 23 April 1999, where [[David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville|Lord Sainsbury]] presented Auchi with a painting of the House of Commons signed by Tony Blair, the Opposition leaders, and over 100 other leading British politicians. Lord Sainsbury later told ''[[The Observer]]'' that he did this "as a favour for Keith Vaz". In May 1999, Vaz resigned his post as a director after he was appointed a Minister. In a statement to ''The Observer'', a GMH spokesman said that Vaz had been invited to become a GMH director in January 1999, yet company accounts showed Vaz as a director for the financial year ending December 1998.<ref name=observer20010527/>

Labour confirmed in May 2001 that Auchi had called Vaz at home about the arrest warrant to ask him for advice. A spokesman said that Vaz "made some factual inquiries to the Home Office about the [extradition] procedure." This included advising Auchi to consult his local MP. The spokesman stressed that Vaz acted properly at all times and was often contacted by members of Britain's ethnic communities for help. In a Commons answer to [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]] MP [[Norman Baker]] earlier the same month Vaz confirmed that "details of enquiries by Mr Auchi have been passed to the Home Office".<ref name=observer20010527/>

===Campaign against video game violence===
Following the February 2004 murder of a fourteen-year-old boy, Vaz asked for an investigation of the relationship between the video games and violence, saying the parents of the victim believed that the killer was influenced by the video game ''[[Manhunt (video game)|Manhunt]]''. Although the police dismissed the claim and the only copy found belonged to the victim, Tony Blair said the game was unsuitable for children and agreed to discuss with the Home Secretary what action could be taken.<ref name=beeb1>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/leicestershire/3659120.stm|title=PM backs violent game inquiry|work=BBC|date=15 September 2004|access-date=6 June 2010}}</ref>
The sequel, ''[[Manhunt 2]]'', described by the [[British Board of Film Classification]] as "distinguishable ... by its unremitting bleakness and callousness of tone", became the first video game banned by the BBFC in the UK for 10 years. Vaz said: "This is an excellent decision by the British Board of Film Classification, showing that game publishers cannot expect to get interactive games where players take the part of killers engaged in 'casual sadism' and murder."<ref name=beeb2>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/leicestershire/6767623.stm|title=Censors ban 'brutal' video game |work=BBC|date=19 June 2004|access-date=6 June 2010}}</ref>

Vaz has also criticised ''[[Bully (video game)|Bully]]'', which had a pre-release screenshot showing three uniformed pupils fighting and kicking.<ref name=beeb3>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4380020.stm |title=MP attacks school bullying game |date=26 October 2005|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In 2005, he asked [[Geoff Hoon]]: "Does the leader of the house share my concern at the decision of [[Rockstar Games]] to publish a new game called ''Bully'' in which players use their on-screen persona to kick and punch other schoolchildren?"<ref name=beeb3 /> Due to the controversy surrounding the ''Bully'' title, the game was released in the UK in 2006 under an alternative name, ''Canis Canem Edit'', though the original title was restored when the game was re-released in 2008. Both releases of the game were rated 15 by the [[BBFC]] and were generally positively received by critics.

In October 2010, Vaz put down an [[early day motion]] noting that the [[2009–10 Malmö shootings]] "have been associated with the violent video game ''[[Counter-Strike]]''". The EDM also noted that the game had been previously banned in Brazil and also been associated with US College Campus massacres in 2007. It called on the Government to ensure the purchase of video games by minors was controlled and that parents were provided with clear information on any violent content.<ref name=EDM907>{{cite web|url=http://edmi.parliament.uk/EDMi/EDMDetails.aspx?EDMID=41894&SESSION=905|publisher=UK Parliament|title=EDM 907 Video games and shootings|date=27 October 2010|access-date=22 November 2010}}</ref>

===Home Affairs Select Committee===
In July 2007, Vaz was elected as the chair of the [[Home Affairs Select Committee]]. Select committee members are usually proposed by the [[Committee of Selection (House of Commons)|Committee of Selection]] which, under the Standing Orders of the House, nominates members to select committees,<ref name=Syal>{{cite journal|last=Syal|first=Rajeev|title=Vaz under pressure over 28-day query|journal=[[The Observer]]|date=28 September 2008}}</ref> but unusually Vaz was the only nomination made by [[Harriet Harman]], [[Leader of the House of Commons]] and [[Lord Privy Seal]]. Harman argued that this was because there was not sufficient time to go through the usual procedure before the impending summer recess. The Chairman of the Committee of Selection told the House that the committee had been ready to meet earlier that week, but had been advised by the Government that there was no business for it to transact.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carr|first=Simon|title=House sees through how Harriet works|journal=[[The Independent]]|date=27 July 2007|page=1}}</ref> Vaz replaced [[John Denham (politician)|John Denham]] on 26 July 2007. Vaz was re-elected to the committee's chairmanship in June 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2015/june/winning-candidates-for-select-committee-chairs-announced/|date=18 June 2015|access-date=19 June 2015|title=Winning candidates for select committee Chairs announced|publisher=UK Parliament}}</ref>

====Speculation over Counter-Terrorism Bill====
Vaz's backing for the [[Counter-Terrorism Act 2008#Abandoned provisions|42-day terrorist detention without charge]] "was seen as crucial by the Government".<ref name=tele>{{cite news
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/2234527/Gordon-Brown-under-pressure-over-%27reward%27-for-Keith-Vaz-over-terror-bill.html
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705054602/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/2234527/Gordon-Brown-under-pressure-over-%27reward%27-for-Keith-Vaz-over-terror-bill.html
|url-status=dead
|archive-date=5 July 2008
|title=Gordon Brown under pressure over 'reward' for Keith Vaz over terror bill
|last=Robert
|first=Winnett
|date= 2 July 2008
|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]
| location=London}}</ref>
During the debate on 10 June 2008, the day before the key vote, Vaz was asked in Parliament whether he had been offered an honour for his support. He said: "No, it was certainly not offered—but I do not know; there is still time."<ref name=tele />
The ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' printed a hand written letter to Vaz, written the day after the vote, then [[Chief Whip]] Geoff Hoon wrote:

{{blockquote|Dear Keith ... Just a quick note to thank you for all your help during the period leading up to last Wednesday's vote. I wanted you to know how much I appreciated all your help. I trust that it will be appropriately rewarded! ... With thanks and best wishes, Geoff.<ref name=tele />}}

Vaz wrote to the [[Press Council (UK)|Press Council]] complaining the story was inaccurate, that the letter had been obtained by subterfuge and that he had not been contacted before the story was published. The complaint was rejected as the article made it clear that the reports of an honour were just speculation which Vaz had already publicly denied.<ref name=pc>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcc.org.uk/cases/adjudicated.html?article=NTQ4Mg==|title=The Rt Hon Keith Vaz MP Publication: The Daily Telegraph Clauses Noted: 1, 10|publisher=The Press Council|date=18 December 2008|access-date=6 June 2010}}</ref>

====Conflict of interest====
[[File:Keith Vaz, September 2008.jpg|thumb|Vaz in 2008]]
In September 2008, Vaz faced pressure to explain why he failed to declare an interest when he intervened in an official investigation into the business dealings of a close friend, solicitor Shahrokh Mireskandari, who has played a role in several [[racial discrimination]] cases against the [[Metropolitan Police]], and who was representing Assistant Commissioner [[Tarique Ghaffur]] in his racial discrimination case against [[Scotland Yard]] Commissioner [[Sir Ian Blair]].

The [[Solicitors Regulation Authority]] began an investigation into Mireskandari's legal firm, Dean and Dean, in January 2008 after a number of complaints about its conduct. Vaz wrote a joint letter with fellow Labour MP [[Virendra Sharma]] to the authority's chief executive, Anthony Townsend, in February 2008 on official House of Commons stationery. He cited a complaint he had received from Mireskandari and alleged "discriminatory conduct" in its investigation into Dean and Dean. The Authority was forced to set up an independent working party to look into whether it had disproportionately targeted non-white lawyers for investigation.

Liberal Democrat deputy leader [[Vince Cable]] said that Vaz should make a public statement to clear up his role in the affair. "It is quite unreasonable that an independent regulator should have been undermined in this way. I would hope that the chairman of the Home Affairs Select Committee will give a full public statement."<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Helm | first1 = Toby | last2 = Syal | first2 = Rajeev | title = Labour MP under pressure over letter | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date = 14 September 2008 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/sep/14/labour.liberaldemocrats | location=London }}</ref>

====Detention without charge inquiry====
In September 2008, Vaz came under pressure when it was revealed that he had sought the private views of Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]] in connection with the committee's independent report into government plans to extend the detention of terror suspects beyond 28 days. ''[[The Guardian]]'' reported that emails suggested that Vaz had secretly contacted the Prime Minister about the committee's draft report and proposed a meeting because "we need to get his <nowiki>[</nowiki>Brown's<nowiki>]</nowiki> suggestions". An email was sent in November 2007 to [[Ian Austin]], Gordon Brown's [[parliamentary private secretary]], and copied to Fiona Gordon, at the time Brown's political adviser. Another leaked email showed that Vaz had also sent extracts of the committee's draft report to the former [[Lord Chancellor]], [[Lord Falconer]], for his comments; according to Parliament's standing orders, the chairman of the Select Committee cannot take evidence from a witness without at least two other committee members being present.

[[Shami Chakrabarti]], then director of human rights group [[Liberty (pressure group)|Liberty]], compared it to a judge deciding a case privately emailing one of the parties to seek their suggestions.

Vaz denied that he invited Brown to contribute, except as a witness to the committee.<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Helm | first1 = Toby | last2 = Syal | first2 = Rajeev | title = Vaz under pressure over 28-day query | newspaper = [[The Guardian]] | date = 28 September 2008 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2008/sep/28/keithvaz.gordonbrown | location=London }}</ref>

===Other issues and incidents since 2008===

====Parliamentary expenses====
Vaz's total expenses of £173,937 in 2008/2009 were ranked 45th out of 647 MPs, with office running costs and staffing costs accounting for 70% of this.<ref name=twfy/> The register of Member's interests shows that he owns the constituency office.<ref name=twfy/> His second home expenses, ranked 83 out of 647 at £23,831 in 2008/2009<ref name=twfy/> were the subject of a ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'' article.<ref name="Swaine2009">{{Cite web|title=Keith Vaz: £75,000 for a flat 12 miles from home|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mps-expenses/5298267/Keith-Vaz-75000-for-a-flat-12-miles-from-home.html|access-date=2021-06-15|website=www.telegraph.co.uk|date=9 May 2009 }}</ref> Vaz who lives in Stanmore, a 45-minute journey time from Parliament, claimed mortgage interest on a flat in Westminster he bought in 2003.

In May 2007, after claiming for the flat's service and council tax, he switched his designated second home to his constituency office and bought furniture.<ref name="Swaine2009"/> The report into the [[United Kingdom Parliamentary expenses scandal|Parliamentary expenses scandal]] by Sir [[Thomas Legg]] showed that 343 MPs had been asked to repay some money<ref name=BBCreps>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8493634.stm?table=repay&order=asc|title=Full list of MPs' expenses repayments ..in order of amount repayable|publisher=BBC News|date=4 February 2010|access-date=1 April 2010}}</ref> and Vaz was asked to repay £1514 due to furnishing items exceeding allowable cost.<ref name=leg>{{cite web|date=4 February 2010|title=Review of past ACA payments|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmmemest/348/348.pdf|publisher=House of Commons Members Estimate Committee|access-date=5 February 2010}}</ref> New expenses rules published by the [[Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority]] which came into force after the [[2010 United Kingdom general election|2010 general election]] limit the second home allowance to £1,450 a month, i.e. the Westminster cost of renting a one bedroomed flat. Profits made on existing second homes will be recouped.<ref name=BBCexp>{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/8587661.stm|title=MPs' expenses: Old rules v new rules |publisher=BBC News|date=29 March 2010|access-date=25 April 2010}}</ref>

====Patrick Mercer affair====
Vaz was one of the members of the Commons who agreed to be on the [[all-party parliamentary group]] on [[Fiji]] proposed by [[Patrick Mercer]] MP as part of his paid advocacy for lobbyists. Mercer was recorded describing Vaz as "a crook of the first order", adding that he had "never met an operator like him ... I mean it's not always completely ethical but it's stunning, he is an operator". Such comments on Vaz and on other politicians were a reason for the Committee on Standards deciding that Mercer had brought the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] into disrepute.<ref name="Committee on Standards 1">{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmstandards/1225/1225.pdf|title=Committee on Standards report on Patrick Mercer|publisher=House of Commons|date=1 May 2014|access-date=1 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Committee on Standards 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/Standards%20Committee/Patrick%20Mercer%20Evidence%2012.03.14%20reordered.pdf |title=Written Evidence – Patrick Mercer |publisher=House of Commons |date=1 May 2014 |access-date=1 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502031829/http://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons-committees/Standards%20Committee/Patrick%20Mercer%20Evidence%2012.03.14%20reordered.pdf |archive-date= 2 May 2014}}</ref>

==== 2015 election campaign loudspeaker use ====
[[File:Keith Vaz, 2016 Labour Party Conference.jpg|thumb|Vaz in 2016]]
In April 2015, a video showing Vaz speaking using loudspeakers from a campaign car caused a row with Leicester Conservatives. Using a loudspeaker on the street is an offence that carries a penalty of up to £5,000, and there is no exemption for political campaigning.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.itv.com/news/central/2015-04-28/noise-row-erupts-over-keith-vazs-loud-hailer/ |title='Noise row' erupts over Keith Vaz's loud-hailer |work=ITV News |date=28 April 2015}}</ref>

The incident was investigated by noise pollution officers of [[Leicester City Council]], with officials confirming in June that it was illegal but that no action would be taken.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/council-officials-action-keith-vaz-election/story-26602325-detail/story.html |title=Council officials to take no further action over Keith Vaz election loudspeaker noise complaints |work=[[Leicester Mercury]] |date=1 June 2015 |access-date=4 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722190019/http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/Council-officials-action-Keith-Vaz-election/story-26602325-detail/story.html |archive-date=22 July 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Male prostitute revelations ====
Allegations about Vaz were published by the ''[[Sunday Mirror]]'' in early September 2016. It was reported that he had engaged in [[Bareback (sex)|unprotected sexual activity]] with [[male prostitute]]s and had told them he would pay for [[cocaine]] if they wished to use it. He told the prostitutes that his name was Jim and that he was an industrial washing machine salesman. Vaz later apologised for his actions.<ref name="Sims">{{cite news|last=Sims|first=Alexandra|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/keith-vaz-quits-male-prostitute-allegations-labour-mp-chairman-home-affairs-select-committee-latest-a7224826.html |title=Keith Vaz stands down as Home Affairs Select Committee chairman after male prostitute claims |work=The Independent |date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wilgress |first=Lydia |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/04/keith-vaz-resigns-from-home-affairs-select-committee-following-m/ |title=Keith Vaz resigns from home affairs select committee following male escort allegations |work=The Telegraph |date=4 September 2016 |access-date=4 September 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905113145/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/09/04/keith-vaz-resigns-from-home-affairs-select-committee-following-m/ |archive-date= 5 September 2016 }}</ref> "It is deeply troubling that a national newspaper should have paid individuals who have acted in this way", he said.<ref name="Sims"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/story/keith-vaz-stands-down-over-sex-and-drug-allegations-10564636|title=Keith Vaz Stands Down Over Sex And Drug Allegations |publisher=Sky News|date=4 September 2016|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref> Vaz resigned as chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee on 6 September 2016.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37283328|title=Keith Vaz quits as Home Affairs Committee chairman|publisher=BBC News|date=6 September 2016|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref>

At the end of October 2016, Vaz was appointed to the [[Justice Select Committee]], after he had put himself forward and was nominated by his party.<ref>{{cite news|last=D'Arcy|first=Mark|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-parliaments-37859080|title=Why MPs voted Labour's Keith Vaz on to Justice Committee|publisher=BBC News|date=3 November 2016|access-date=3 November 2016}}</ref> A House of Commons motion to block this development was defeated; motions of this kind are rare. According to Laura Hughes of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', Conservative Party whips told their MPs to vote for Vaz in the division to prevent a precedent being created of such appointments being rejected by MPs. Over 150 Conservative MPs voted in support of Vaz.<ref name="Hughes"/> The Conservative MP [[Andrew Bridgen]] asked in the chamber of Vaz; "If the right honourable member for Leicester East found himself last month to be not fit to be chair of the Home Affairs Select Committee and the matters are unresolved, what makes him think that he is a fit and proper person this month?"<ref name="Syal2"/>

The [[Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards]], [[Kathryn Hudson]], announced an investigation into Vaz's conduct.<ref name="Syal2">{{cite news|last=Syal|first=Rajeev|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/oct/31/keith-vaz-could-lose-justice-committee-post-in-unusual-mps-vote|title=Keith Vaz to serve on justice committee despite Tory MP's move to stop him|work=The Guardian|date=31 October 2016|access-date=1 November 2016}}</ref> The Standards Commissioner's investigation was halted "for medical reasons" in December 2017.<ref>{{cite news|title=Investigation into Keith Vaz's private life suspended on medical grounds|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-42439333|access-date=21 December 2017|publisher=BBC News|date=21 December 2017}}</ref> The inquiry recommenced in March 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/leicester-news/standards-watchdog-investigation-keith-vaz-1369658|title=Standards watchdog investigation into Keith Vaz resumes|first=Dan|last=Martin|date=21 March 2018|website=leicestermercury}}</ref> and, in October 2019, under the stewardship of the new Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Kathryn Stone,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/standards-and-financial-interests/parliamentary-commissioner-for-standards/parliamentary-commissioner-for-standards/|title=Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards Office|website=UK Parliament}}</ref> the inquiry recommended that Keith Vaz be suspended from Parliament for six months.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-50212221|title= Labour MP Keith Vaz faces six-month suspension after sex and drugs probe |publisher=BBC News |date=28 October 2019|access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last= Syal| first= Rajeev| date= 28 October 2019| url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/oct/28/keith-vaz-faces-parliamentary-ban-over-drugs-for-sex-workers-scandal| title= Keith Vaz faces parliamentary ban over drugs for sex workers scandal| work= [[The Guardian]]| access-date= 28 October 2019}}</ref> The inquiry report<ref>{{cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201919/cmselect/cmstandards/93/9303.htm|title=Keith Vaz – Committee on Standards – House of Commons|website=publications.parliament.uk}}</ref> confirmed that, in her memorandum, the Commissioner had concluded "... it is more likely than not that Mr Vaz has engaged in paid sexual activity" and there was "evidence of Mr Vaz's apparent willingness to purchase controlled drugs for others to use". The Commissioner's memorandum also concluded Vaz "shows disregard for the law and that, in turn, is disrespectful to the House and fellow Members, who collectively are responsible for making those laws. Mr Vaz's conduct has also been disrespectful of the House's system of standards. He has not "co-operated at all stages" with the investigation process. He has failed, repeatedly, to answer direct questions; he has given incomplete answers and his account has, in parts, been incredible". On 31 October 2019, MPs voted in favour of the suspension.<ref>{{cite news |title=MP Keith Vaz suspended from Commons after drug and sex inquiry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-50252630 |publisher=BBC News |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=31 October 2019}}</ref>

====Bullying allegations====
Allegations were published in August 2018 by the BBC's ''[[Newsnight]]'' that a former [[Clerk of the House of Commons]], Jenny McCullough, was bullied by Vaz as she was trying to uphold the Standards of the House. Among other allegations, McCullough alleged that Vaz made jokes about her being a security threat, on account of her Northern Irish background and accent.<ref>{{cite news |last=Khan |first=Shehab |title=Keith Vaz accused of 'bullying members of staff in House of Commons' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/keith-vaz-bullying-allegations-house-of-commons-jenny-mccullough-clerk-a8473561.html |work=The Independent |date=2 August 2018 |access-date=2 August 2018}}</ref> In September 2021, Parliament's standards commissioner and the [[Independent Expert Panel]] found the allegations to be credible, saying the bullying "was hostile, sustained, harmful and unworthy of a Member of Parliament"; the Panel concluded that Vaz should never be given a Parliamentary pass again.<ref name="BBC-58664788">{{cite news |last=Wheeler |first=Brian |title=Former Labour MP Keith Vaz should be ashamed of bullying behaviour, report says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-58664788 |publisher=BBC News |date=23 September 2021 |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref>

====Daman, India – Indigenous land clearing====
{{main|2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests}}
Valuable seafront land along the {{convert|700|metre|yd}} stretch from Moti Daman Lighthouse to Jampore beach is claimed to be owned by indigenous [[adivasi|tribal]] fishing communities who have lived there for generations, as well as by [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin#Non-resident Indian (NRI)|NRI]] Damanese predominantly living in [[Leicester]]. In December 2018, local residents received documents instructed by [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|State Administrator]] [[Praful Khoda Patel]] ordering the confiscation of their land and demolition of homes to make way for development.<ref name="Uppal">{{cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justice Upheld}}</ref> With 11,000 Damanese living in the [[Leicester East (UK Parliament constituency)|Leicester East constituency]], members of the community appealed to Keith Vaz, who flew out to Daman to meet [[Praful Khoda Patel|Praful Patel]]. In January 2019 Vaz reported back:

"I believe that [[Praful Khoda Patel|Mr Patel]] has a vision for [[Daman district, India|Daman]] and he wants to develop it as a tourist and education centre. I was particularly impressed by the commitments made by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] in order to enhance the development of Daman. Mr Patel promised that there would be no further demolitions until after the court has made its ruling and that he would talk to me about any further matters concerning this issue. I welcomed his constructive and positive approach."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaz|first=Keith|date=15 January 2019|title=Keith Vaz in plea to stop demolition in Daman|url=https://www.asian-voice.com/News/UK/Keith-Vaz-in-plea-to-stop-demolition-in-Daman|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Asian Voice}}</ref>

However, by November, the bulldozing went ahead and the [[2019 Daman Indigenous Land Clearing Protests|Daman protests]] began. On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas issued a [[Section 144]] order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district and ordered the conversion of two highschools into 'temporary jails'.<ref>{{cite web|last=Express|first=News Service|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Indian Express}}</ref> Seventy protesters were held in these 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests were made.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Wire|first=Staff|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire}}</ref> Few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were rehoused whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.<ref name="Uppal"/> {{As of|March 2021}}, the site is now billionaire [[Binod Chaudhary]] of [[Chaudhary Group#Hotels|CG Corp Global]]'s Fern Seaside Luxurious Tent Resort, offering tent accommodation to tourists for £57 per night.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/hotels-/-restaurants/cg-corp-global-plans-79-fern-hotels-resorts-in-india-by-2020-end/articleshow/66793806.cms|title=CG Corp Global plans 79 Fern Hotels & Resorts in India by 2020-end|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== After Parliament ==
Vaz was elected chairman of the Leicester East [[constituency Labour Party]] (CLP) in January 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last=Martin |first=Dan |date=15 January 2020 |title=Police investigate alleged assault at Leicester East Labour meeting |work=Leicester Mercury |url=https://www.leicestermercury.co.uk/news/local-news/police-investigate-alleged-assault-leicester-3743850 |access-date=16 January 2020}}</ref>

In 2020, he said of a petition entitled "Remove the Gandhi statue in Leicester", which alleged that [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was a "fascist, racist and sexual predator",<ref>{{cite news |title=Protesters in UK call Gandhi 'fascist', want statue toppled; ex MP vows to 'protect it' |url=https://www.theweek.in/news/world/2020/06/12/protests-against-gandhi-statue-intensify-uk-indian-origin-ex-mp-vows-to-protect-it.html |work=The Week |date=12 June 2020}}</ref> "This is a dreadful petition that seeks to divide communities in Leicester and in the country. If this is not withdrawn I will certainly refer it to the police to consider whether it incites racial hatred."<ref>{{cite news |title=Standoff over Gandhi statue in UK city of Leicester |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/standoff-over-gandhi-statue-in-uk-city-of-leicester-6454499/ |work=The Indian Express |date=11 June 2020}}</ref>

Vaz is the founder of Silver Star Diabetes a Leicester based charity which promotes diabetes
awareness.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date= 24 October 2013 |title= Keith Vaz reveals type 2 diabetes shock |url= https://www.diabetes.co.uk/news/2013/oct/keith-vaz-reveals-type-2-diabetes-shock-98075250.html |website= Diabetes.co.uk}}
</ref> Through its Mobile Diabetes Units, the charity attends major community events and runs a weekly Diabetes Chai Chat with international experts. The charity has held camps in Bangladesh, Tunisia, Morocco, Yemen, Goa and Kolkata.<ref>
{{cite web |last= Godinho |first= Lui |date= 10 January 2025 |title= Keith Vaz says all Goans should become ambassadors for Goa |url= https://www.thegoan.net/global-goenkar/keith-vaz-says-all-goans-should-become-ambassadors-for-goa/124456.html#google_vignette |website= The Goan |location= |publisher= |access-date=}}</ref>

===Attempt to return to Parliament===
In October 2023, it was reported by ''[[The Guardian]]'' that he was considering running for Leicester East after being encouraged by allies.<ref>{{cite news |last=Syal |first=Rajeev |date=2023-10-30 |title=Keith Vaz and Claudia Webbe 'could stand as independents' in Leicester East |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/oct/30/keith-vaz-and-claudia-webbe-could-stand-as-independents-in-leicester-east |access-date=2024-06-06 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> On 7 June 2024 it was announced that he would stand in Leicester East for the One Leicester party.<ref name="One Leicester">{{cite news |last=Patel |first=Asha |date=2024-06-07 |title=Keith Vaz to stand as MP for Leicester East |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cv223v2qqn3o |access-date=2024-06-07}}</ref> He was consequently expelled from the Labour Party.<ref name="ol"/> He failed in his election bid, finishing fifth with 3,681 votes (7.9%).

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{UK MP links |parliament=keith-vaz/338 |hansard=mr-keith-vaz |hansardcurr=4426 |guardian=5310/keith-vaz |publicwhip=Keith_Vaz |theywork=keith_vaz |record=Keith-Vaz/Leicester-East/486 |bbc=25232.stm |journalisted=keith-vaz }}
*{{C-SPAN|1001277}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|uk}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Peter Bruinvels]] }}
{{s-ttl |title=Member of Parliament for [[Leicester East]] |years=[[1987 United Kingdom general election|1987]]–[[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019]] }}
{{s-aft|after=[[Claudia Webbe]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Geoff Hoon]] }}
{{s-ttl |title=[[Minister for Europe]] |years=1999–2001 }}
{{s-aft |after=[[Peter Hain]] }}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef |before=[[Dianne Hayter]] }}
{{s-ttl |title=Socialist societies representative on the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] [[National Executive Committee of the Labour Party|National Executive Committee]] |years=2010–present |with=Simon Wright (2010–2011) [[Conor McGinn]] (2011–2015) James Asser (2015–present) }}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Ministers for Europe}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaz, Keith}}
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge]]
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[[Category:Goan Catholics]]
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[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:British people of Goan descent]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1987–1992]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1992–1997]]
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Najibabad

2026-04-03T21:29:49Z

Leonpcs:

{{for|the village in Iran|Najibabad, Iran}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Najibabad
| other_name =
| nickname = Najibnagar
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = A Mosque and a shrine, Najibabad, 1814-15.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = A mosque and a shrine in its courtyard
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|29|36|46|N|78|20|33|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bijnor district|Bijnor]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder = [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daulah]]
| named_for =
| government_type = {{unbulleted list|MLA: [[Tasleem]] ([[Samajwadi Party|SP]])| Municipality Chairman: Muazzam Ahmad Khan aka "Engineer Muazzam"}}
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank = 271
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 315
| population_total = 88,535
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="2011 census data">{{cite web|title=Census of India Search details |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=123526|publisher=censusindia.gov.in|access-date=10 May 2015}}</ref>
| demographics_type1 = [[Language]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi]]<ref name="langoff">{{cite web|title=52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|access-date=7 December 2018|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archive-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[Urdu]]<ref name="langoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 246763
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 01341
| registration_plate = UP-20
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Najibabad''' is a town in the [[Bijnor district]] of the Indian [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]], located near the city of [[Bijnor]]. It is a major industrial centre and has national transport links via rail and roadways such as NH 119 and NH 74.

==History==
Nawab [[Najib ad-Dawlah|Najib-ud-Daula]], also known as Najib Khan Yousafzai, was a noted [[Rohilla]] Muslim warrior and serviceman of both the [[Mughal Empire]] and the [[Durrani Empire]] in 18th century [[Rohilkhand]]. In 1751, he founded the town of Najibabad in Bijnor district, India, after he received the title, "'''Najib-ud-Daula'''" from Mughal Emperor Alalmgir III. From 1757 to 1770 he was also the governor of [[Saharanpur]], ruling over [[Dehradun]]. Many architectural relics of the period of [[Rohilla]] he oversaw remain in Najibabad, which he founded at the height of his career as a Mughal minister. He had succeeded [[Safdar Jang|Safdarjung]] as [[List of Mughal grand viziers|Grand Wazir]] of the Mughal Empire and was a devoted serviceman of the Mughal Emperor [[Alamgir II]].{{cn|date=March 2023}}

According to George Foster ("A Journey from Bengal to England", 1790): {{quote|Najibuddaulah, who built this town, saw that its situation would facilitate the commerce of Kashmir, which having been diverted from its former channel of Lahore and Delhi, by the inroads of Sicques [Sikhs], Maharattas and Afgans, took course through the mountains at the head of the Punjab and was introduced into the Rohilla (country) through the Lall Dong Pass. This inducement, with the desire of establishing a mart for the Hindoos of the adjacent mountains, probably influenced the choice of this spot, which otherwise is not favourable for the site of a capital town being low, and surrounded by swampy grounds…. since the death of its founder, Najibabad had fallen from its former importance and seems now chiefly upheld by the languishing trade of Kashmir.<ref>{{citation |last=Mehra |first=Priya Ravish |chapter=‘Rafoogari’ of Najibabad |title=Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings |volume=456 |pages=260–268 |chapter-url=https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1456&context=tsaconf}}</ref>}}

[[File:Patthargarh fort outside Najibabad, 1814-15.jpg|thumb|Patthargarh fort also called Najibabad Fort]]

==Geography==
Najibabad is located at {{Coord|29.63|N|78.33|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/36/Najibabad.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Najibabad]</ref> It has an average elevation of 295.5 metres (1014 feet).

===Climate===
{{Weather box
|location = Najibabad (1991–2020, extremes 1952–2012)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|width = auto
| Jan record high C = 29.9
| Feb record high C = 33.6
| Mar record high C = 39.0
| Apr record high C = 42.7
| May record high C = 45.0
| Jun record high C = 45.2
| Jul record high C = 43.0
| Aug record high C = 37.4
| Sep record high C = 36.9
| Oct record high C = 35.7
| Nov record high C = 35.0
| Dec record high C = 30.4
|year record high C = 45.2
| Jan high C = 19.4
| Feb high C = 23.8
| Mar high C = 29.0
| Apr high C = 35.2
| May high C = 37.6
| Jun high C = 36.5
| Jul high C = 33.2
| Aug high C = 32.3
| Sep high C = 32.3
| Oct high C = 31.4
| Nov high C = 27.5
| Dec high C = 22.4
|year high C = 30.0
| Jan low C = 6.9
| Feb low C = 9.6
| Mar low C = 13.6
| Apr low C = 18.5
| May low C = 22.4
| Jun low C = 24.5
| Jul low C = 24.6
| Aug low C = 24.2
| Sep low C = 23.1
| Oct low C = 18.1
| Nov low C = 12.4
| Dec low C = 7.7
|year low C = 17.3
| Jan record low C = -2.9
| Feb record low C = 0.8
| Mar record low C = 2.2
| Apr record low C = 9.1
| May record low C = 13.1
| Jun record low C = 14.6
| Jul record low C = 14.9
| Aug record low C = 16.9
| Sep record low C = 15.6
| Oct record low C = 9.8
| Nov record low C = 2.2
| Dec record low C = -1.0
|year record low C = -2.9
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 20.2
| Feb rain mm = 29.3
| Mar rain mm = 16.2
| Apr rain mm = 8.4
| May rain mm = 24.9
| Jun rain mm = 94.8
| Jul rain mm = 291.8
| Aug rain mm = 257.5
| Sep rain mm = 159.5
| Oct rain mm = 10.0
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 9.7
|year rain mm = 926.6
| Jan rain days = 1.5
| Feb rain days = 2.0
| Mar rain days = 1.3
| Apr rain days = 0.8
| May rain days = 1.8
| Jun rain days = 4.9
| Jul rain days = 9.1
| Aug rain days = 10.1
| Sep rain days = 5.4
| Oct rain days = 0.9
| Nov rain days = 0.4
| Dec rain days = 0.7
|year rain days = 38.8
|time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 66
| Feb humidity = 54
| Mar humidity = 45
| Apr humidity = 34
| May humidity = 36
| Jun humidity = 50
| Jul humidity = 70
| Aug humidity = 75
| Sep humidity = 70
| Oct humidity = 59
| Nov humidity = 60
| Dec humidity = 64
|year humidity = 58
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/Climatological%20Tables%201991-2020.pdf
| title = Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020
| publisher = [[India Meteorological Department]]
| access-date = April 8, 2024
}}</ref><ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Najibabad Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 527–528
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M221
| access-date = 22 September 2020}}</ref>
}}

==People's representative==
The current [[Member of Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from Najibabad is Tasleem ([[Samajwadi Party]]). The current municipality (nagar palika parishad) chairman is Engineer Muazzam. Najibabad is part of Nagina parliamentary constituency and current Member of Parliament is Chandrashekhar azad

==Forts and monuments==
Najibabad has four sites protected by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] :<ref>[http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp List of Monuments - Agra Circle, Uttar Pradesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721180402/http://www.asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_uttarpradesh_agra.asp |date=21 July 2011 }} [[Archaeological Survey of India]] website.</ref>

* [[Tomb of Najib-ud-Daula]]
* Cemetery of Najib-ud-Daula
* [[Najibabad Fort]], also known as the Pathargarh Fort, built by [[Najib ad-Dawlah]], and also known as 'Sultana Daku Ka Qila'
* Portion of the old Rohilla Palace (called Thanna)

Other historical sites include:

* [[Najibabad Mosque|Jama Masjid Najibabad]], also built by Najib ad-Dawlah
* Eidgah Husainpur
* Purana Shiv Mandir, Adarsh Nagar
* Jama Masjid Husainpur
* Baba Nanhe Miya Mazar, Paibagh
* Gurudwara Najibabad
* Char minar Mehdibagh
* Mordhaj, also known as Munawar Jar, with lofty mound called ''chaar minar''

==Industries==
Najibabad has an All India Radio centre. The town is an important trade centre for timber, sugar and grain. There are manufacturing units which deal with metal, shoes, blankets, shawls and cotton.{{cn|date=March 2022}}

'''Handicrafts'''

Najibabad has many craftsmen, the most remarkable being the rafoogars or the darners.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Bhutiani|first1=R.|title=A case study on changing pattern of agriculture and related factors at Najibabad region of Bijnor, India|date=2019|work=Contaminants in Agriculture and Environment: Health Risks and Remediation|pages=236–249|publisher=Agro Environ Media - Agriculture and Ennvironmental Science Academy, Haridwar, India|isbn=978-81-942017-0-0|last2=Ahamad|first2=F.|doi=10.26832/aesa-2019-cae-0158-018|s2cid=198246331|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|date=2019-10-02|title=Abstracts of the Textile Society of America 16th Biennial Symposium|journal=Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings|doi=10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0068|doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 Indian census]] Najibabad had a total population of 88,535 of which 46,372 are males while 42,163 are females. Population within the age group of 0 – 6 years was 12,697.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2022 |title=Census India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/data-visualizations/PopulationSearch_PCA_Indicators |website=censusindia.gov.in}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{bar box|title=Religions in Najibabad (2011)<ref name="Religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11394/download/14507/DDW09C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>|titlebar=#Fcd116|left1=Religion|right1=Percent|float=right|bars={{bar percent|[[Hindus]]|darkorange|30}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Uttar Pradesh|Muslims]]|green|70}}|caption=}}

==Notable people==


*[[Najib ad-Dawlah]]
*[[Akhtar ul Iman]]
*[[Sahu Jain family]]
*[[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]]
*[[Akbar Shah Khan Najibabadi]]
*[[Rais Anis Sabri]] - traditional singer<ref>{{cite news|author=Karnataka |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/Young-qawwalrsquos-power-packed-performance/article14903665.ece |title=Young qawwal's power-packed performance - KARNATAKA |work=The Hindu |date=29 April 2011 |access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web |title=Najibabad - The Undiscovered City |url=https://jamawarshawls.com/najibabad-the-undiscovered-city/ |website=Jamawarshawls.com |date=19 November 2021 |access-date=17 October 2022}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Najibabad}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310160834/http://www.numismatics.org/cgi-bin/objsearch?format=default&dep=any&fld=mint&kw=najibabad Numistatics]

{{Bijnor district|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Bijnor district]]
[[Category:Rohilla]]
[[Category:Embroidery in India]]

Noble Babu Thomas

2026-04-01T23:21:19Z

Leonpcs: Added the stub first draft

{{Short description|Indian filmmaker (born 1984)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Noble Babu Thomas
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|05|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Thiruvalla, Kerala]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Film producer]]|[[screen writer]]|[[film actor]]}}
| years_active = 2016–present
| height =
| spouse = {{marriage|Bonny Mary Mathew|2013}}<ref name="spouse">{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/210916/kochi-is-unsafe-noble-thomas.html|title=Kochi is unsafe: Noble Thomas|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref>
| children =
| relatives =
| awards =
| website =
| image size =
}}

'''Noble Babu Thomas''' (born 30 May 1984) is an Indian film producer, screenwriter, and actor who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnHN9RO6gd0|title=Best Debut Film of a Director-നുള്ള ദേശീയ പുരസ്കാരം ഏറ്റുവാങ്ങി Noble Babu Thomas|work=Behindwoods}}</ref><ref name="spouse" /> He started his career as a film producer and founded the film [[production company]] Big Bang Entertainments in 2015. His debut production was ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' (2016), starring [[Nivin Pauly]] and directed by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]].

Noble made his acting debut in ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]'' (2019), produced by Vineeth Sreenivasan. He was also one of its writers, along with Alfred Kurian Joseph and [[Mathukutty Xavier]]. The film was a [[Thriller film|survival thriller]] and his character Azhar was widely recognized. His debut directorial was the music video album titled ''Made in Heaven'', in which he also played the lead role. He was the creative director of the movie ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'' starring [[Janhvi Kapoor]].

==Early life==
Noble was born to Babu Thomas and Suma Babu in [[Thiruvalla]], [[Kerala]]. He attended Sacred Heart Higher Secondary School, Thevara. He did his [[Bachelor of Technology|Bachelor]]'s in [[Electronic engineering|Electrical and Electronics Engineering]] from [[KCG College of Technology]], [[Chennai]]. It was during that time he met [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]] and [[Aju Varghese]], who were his batchmates.<ref name="college">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/nov/13/noble-thomas-in-helen-surprised-aju-varghese-2060843.html|title=Noble Thomas in 'Helen' surprised Aju Varghese|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> During his college days he had a keen interest in acting and therefore got into [[Model (person)|modelling]].<ref name="college" /> He later graduated from Vogue Institute of Fashion Technology, Bangalore.

==Career==
After founding Big Bang Entertainments in 2015, Noble's debut film production venture was ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' starring [[Nivin Pauly]] and directed by [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/nivin-pauly-vineeth-sreenivasans-jacobinte-swargarajyam-release-date-announced-673251|title=Nivin Pauly-Vineeth Sreenivasan's 'Jacobinte Swargarajyam' release date announced|work=[[International Business Times]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> The film went on to become a commercial success, grossing ₹25 crore (US$3.6 million) at the box office and completed 100 days in Kerala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Nivins-third-successive-film-crosses-100-days/articleshow/53061586.cms|title=Nivin's third successive film crosses 100 days|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.catchnews.com/regional-cinema/100-days-of-jacobinte-swargarajyam-10-interesting-facts-about-2016-s-biggest-malayalam-blockbuster-1468668993.html|title=100 days of Jacobinte Swargarajyam: 10 interesting facts about 2016's biggest Malayalam blockbuster!|work=Catch News|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> In 2018, he co-produced ''[[Aravindante Athidhikal]]'' with Pradeep Kumar starring Vineeth Sreenivasan and directed by [[M. Mohanan]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/music/2018/04/08/first-song-from-vineeth-starrer-aravindante-athidhikal-is-an-instant-hit.html|title=First song from Vineeth-starrer 'Aravindante Athidhikal' is an instant hit|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> Noble's third production venture was ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]'' (2019) in which he marked his debut as an actor. The film was also his debut as a screenwriter, along with Alfred Kurian Joseph and [[Mathukutty Xavier]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/anna-bens-helen-is-a-woman-centric-film/articleshow/70497783.cms|title=Anna Ben's 'Helen' is a woman-centric film|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> He co-produced the film along with Vineeth Sreenivasan's production company Habit of Life.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/videos/video-featured.celeb-chats.6108521321001.html|title=Noble Babu Thomas - Reel talk - Helen|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> His performance earned him positive reviews from critics; Litty Simon of ''[[Malayala Manorama]]'' said, "Noble makes his acting debut as Helen's lover and justifies his role in every aspect".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2019/11/15/helen-anna-ben-mathukutty-malayalam-movie-review-rating.html|title=Helen movie review: Strong dose of Anna Ben|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> Sajin Shrijith of ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' noted that Noble "makes a solid impression with his acting debut".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/nov/16/helen-review-nail-biting-drama-done-right-2062263.html|title='Helen' review: Nail-biting drama done right|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=2022-09-23}}</ref> In 2021, he turned director and starred in a music video album titled ''Made in Heaven''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/helen-fame-actor-noble-babu-thomas-debuts-as-director/articleshow/83572444.cms|title=Helen fame actor Noble Babu Thomas debuts as director|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/malayalam-music-video-helen-actorproducer-made-in-heaven/article34885503.ece|title=Malayalam actor-producer Noble B Thomas turns director with music video|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2021/jun/26/stories-from-heaven-2321476.html|title=Stories from heaven|work=New Indian Express}}</ref> In 2022, he co-produced ''[[Hridayam (film)|Hridayam]]'' starring [[Pranav Mohanlal]] and also appeared briefly in it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/vineeth-sreenivasan-hridayam-stars-pranav-mohanlal-kalyani-priyadarshan-6147924/|title=Pranav Mohanlal Kalyani Priyadarshan to star in Vineeth Sreenivasan's Hridayam|work=Indian Express}}</ref> He has also served as creative director for the movie ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'' starring [[Janhvi Kapoor]] which is the Bollywood remake of ''Helen''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/noble-babu-thomas-janhvi-kapoor-you-have-been-absolute-bliss-to-work-with/articleshow/87973603.cms|title=Noble Babu Thomas: Janhvi Kapoor you have been absolute bliss to work with|work=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/janhvi-kapoor-play-lead-bollywood-version-anna-bens-helen-129945|title=Janhvi Kapoor to play the lead in Bollywood version of Anna Ben's 'Helen'|work=The News Minute}}</ref> His next film ''Philp’s'' was announced in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/philips-movie-after-helen-makers-announce-their-next-starring-mukesh-innocent/articleshow/88890762.cms|title=Philips movie: After 'Helen', makers announce their next starring Mukesh, Noble Babu Thomas|work=Times of India}}</ref>

==Filmography==
*''Note: all films are in Malayalam, unless otherwise noted.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Producer
! scope="col" | Screenwriter
! scope="col" | Creative Director
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Aravindante Athidhikal]]'' || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || Debut as actor and screenwriter
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 || ''[[Hridayam (film)|Hridayam]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} ||
|-
| ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} ||Hindi film
|-
| ''[[Mukundan Unni Associates]]'' || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || Cameo appearance
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Philip's (film)|Philip's]]'' || {{no}} ||{{no}} || {{no}} || <ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |date=2023-11-05 |title=Mukesh starrer 'Philips' set to release on November 24 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mukesh-starrer-philips-set-to-release-on-november-24/articleshow/104987730.cms |access-date=2023-11-17 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Karam (2025 film)|Karam]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} ||<ref name="CE">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-16 |title=Vineeth Sreenivasan's next titled Karam, first look out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2025/Jul/16/vineeth-sreenivasans-next-titled-karam-first-look-out |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As an actor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
!Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Helen (2019 film)|Helen]]''
| Azhar ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2022 || ''[[Hridayam (film)|Hridayam]]''
| Vishak ||
|-
| ''[[Mukundan Unni Associates]]''
| DSP Sriram IPS ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Philip's (film)|Philip's]]''
| Basil Philip || <ref name="TOI"/>
|-
| 2025 ||''[[Karam (2025 film)|Karam]]''
| Dev Mahendran ||<ref name="CE" />
|-
|-
| 2025 ||''Adavi''
|Unknown || Shortfilm , Preproduction in Progress <ref name="CE" />
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Noble Babu}}
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film producers]]
[[Category:Film producers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Businesspeople from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1984 births]]

Vaikom Muhammad Basheer

2026-03-28T08:21:12Z

Leonpcs: further expanded information based on references and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|Indian writer (1908–1994)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{family name hatnote|Vaikom|Muhammad Basheer|Indian name|lang=Toponymic}}
{{Infobox writer 
| birth_name = Abdul Rahman Muhammad Basheer<ref>{{Cite journal |title=(Malayalam - പൂര്‍ണ്ണത തേടുന്ന അപൂര്‍ണ്ണ ബിന്ദുക്കള്‍) [Poornatha Thedunna Apoornna Bindukkal] |language =ml |journal=Malayalanadu |date=1976 |author=V. B. C. Nair}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1908|01|}}
| birth_place = [[Thalayolaparambu]], [[Vaikom]], [[Travancore]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Kerala]], India)
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1994|07|05|1907|01|21}}
| death_place = [[Beypore]], [[Kerala]], India
| spouse = {{marriage|Fathima Basheer (Fabi)|1956}}
| children = 2
| occupation = [[Writer]], [[Indian independence movement|freedom fighter]]
| language = [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
| genre = Novel, short story, essays, memoirs
| notableworks = {{bulletedlist|''[[Balyakalasakhi (novel)|Balyakalasakhi]]''|''[[Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu]]''| ''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]''}}
| awards = {{ublist|[[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] (1970)|[[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]] (1981)|[[Padma Shri]] (1982)|[[Kerala State Film Award for Best Story]] (1989)|[[List of Malayalam literary awards#Lalithambika Antharjanam Smaraka Sahitya Award|Lalithambika Antharjanam Award]] (1992)|[[Muttathu Varkey Award]] (1993)|[[Vallathol Award]] (1993)}}
| image = Vaikom Muhammad Basheer 2009 stamp of India.jpg
| caption = Basheer on a 2009 stamp of India
| signature = Basheer signature.svg
}}
'''Vaikom Muhammad Basheer''' (21 January 1908 – 5 July 1994), popularly referred to as the '''Beypore Sultan''', was an Indian writer of [[Malayalam literature]], a [[Humanism|humanist]] and a [[freedom fighter]] in the [[Indian independence movement|Indian national movement]]. He was a novelist and a short story writer known for his path-breaking, down-to-earth style of writing that made him equally popular among the literary critics as well as the common man. His notable works include ''[[Balyakalasakhi (novel)|Balyakalasakhi]]'', ''[[Shabdangal]]'', ''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'', ''[[Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu]]'', ''[[Mathilukal]]'', ''[[Janmadinam]],'' ''[[Anargha Nimisham]].'' The translations of his works into other languages have earned him worldwide acclaim. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honor of the [[List of Padma Shri award recipients (1980–1989)|Padma Shri]] in 1982. He was also a recipient of the [[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|Sahitya Academy Fellowship]], [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|Kerala Sahitya Academy Fellowship]], and the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Story]]. He was a recipient of the [[Vallathol Award]] in 1993.

== Biography ==
Basheer was born on 21 January 1908<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.basheersmarakatrust.com/ |title=Basheer Smaraka Trust |date=2018-12-19 |website=www.basheersmarakatrust.com |access-date=2018-12-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Basheer |first1=Vaikom Muhammad |title=Ormayude Arakal |date=March 2017 |publisher=D C Books |location=Kottayam, Kerala, India |isbn=978-81-7130-503-2 |page=44 |edition=Unknown |url=https://www.pusthakakada.com/product/ormmayude-arakal-dc1482/ |access-date=24 January 2023 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124221137/https://www.pusthakakada.com/product/ormmayude-arakal-dc1482/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> in [[Thalayolaparambu]] (near Vaikom) [[Kottayam District]], to Kayi Abdurahman, a timber merchant, and his wife, Kunjathumma,<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/PROFILES/Basheer/Html/Basheergraphy.htm |title=Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |date=2019-03-29 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal |access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref> as their eldest child.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/basheer/714 |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer - profile on Kerala Culture |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref> His siblings were Abdulkhader, Pathumma, Haneefa, Anumma and Aboobakker, in order from eldest and youngest. After completing his primary education at a local Malayalam medium school, he joined an English medium school in [[Vaikom]], five miles away, for higher education. It was during this time, he met [[Mahatma Gandhi]], when the Indian independence movement leader came to [[Vaikom]] for the [[satyagraha]], which later came to be known as [[Vaikom Satyagraham]], and became his follower. He started wearing [[Khādī]], inspired by the [[Swadeshi movement|swadeshi]] ideals of Gandhi.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer - Biography">{{Cite web |url=https://philaindia.info/vaikom-muhammad-basheer-biography/ |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer - Biography |last=Reddiar |first=Mahesh |date=2010-03-19 |website=PhilaIndia.info |language=en-US |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> Basheer would later write about his experiences on how he managed to climb on to the car in which Gandhi was traveling and touched his hand.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

=== Involvement in Freedom Struggle ===
He resolved to
join the fight for an Indian Independence, leaving school to do so while he was in the fifth form.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer - Biography" /> Basheer was known for his secular attitude, and he treated all religions with respect. Since there was no active independence movement in [[Travancore]] – being a princely state – he went to [[Malabar district]] to take part in the [[Salt Satyagraha]] in 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.veethi.com/india-people/vaikom_muhammad_basheer-profile-276-25.htm |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Veethi profile |date=2019-03-30 |website=veethi.com |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> His group was arrested before they could participate in the satyagraha. Basheer was sentenced to three months imprisonment and sent to [[Central Prison, Kannur|Kannur Prison]]. He became inspired by stories of heroism by revolutionaries like [[Bhagat Singh]], [[Sukhdev Thapar]] and [[Shivaram Rajguru]], who were executed while he was in the jail. His release, along with 600 of his fellow prisoners, came in March 1931 following the [[Gandhi-Irwin pact]]. Once free, he organized an anti-British movement and edited a revolutionary journal, ''Ujjivanam'', because of which an arrest warrant was issued on him and he left Kerala.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/leisure/society/2018/07/12/vaikom-muhammad-basheer-when-brevity-becomes-soul-wit.html |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit |website=The Week |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

===Journey===
Having left Kerala, he embarked upon a long journey that took him across the length and breadth of India and to many places in Asia and Africa for seven years, doing whatever work that seemed likely to keep him from starvation.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit" /> His occupations ranged from that of a loom fitter, fortune teller, cook, newspaper seller, fruit seller, sports goods agent, accountant, watchman, shepherd, hotel manager to living as an ascetic with [[Hindu]] saints and [[Sufi]] mystics in their hermitages in [[Himalayas]] and in the [[Ganges River|Ganges]] basin, following their customs and practices, for more than five years. There were times when, with no water to drink, without any food to eat, he came face to face with death.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

After doing menial jobs in cities such as [[Ajmer]], [[Peshawar]], [[Kashmir]] and [[Calcutta]], Basheer returned to [[Ernakulam]] in the mid-1930s. While trying his hands at various jobs, like washing vessels in hotels, he met a manufacturer of sports goods from Sialkot who offered him an agency in Kerala. And Basheer returned home to find his father's business bankrupt and the family impoverished. He started working as an agent for the Sialkot sports company at Ernakulam, but lost the agency when a bicycle accident incapacitated him temporarily.<ref name="Vaikom Mohammed Basheer is the true inheritor of the earth">{{Cite web |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/culture-cauldron/vaikom-mohammed-basheer-is-the-true-inheritor-of-the-earth/articleshow/2846609.cms?from=mdr |title=Vaikom Mohammed Basheer is the true inheritor of the earth |last=Kakanadan |date=2008-03-08 |website=The Economic Times |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> On recovering, he resumed his endless hunt for jobs. He walked into the office of a newspaper ''Jayakesari'' whose editor was also its sole employee. He did not have a position to offer, but offered to pay money if Basheer wrote a story for the paper.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of South Indian literature, Volume 3|author=Madhubālā Sinhā|year=2009|publisher=Anmol Publications|page=240}}</ref> Thus Basheer found himself writing stories for ''Jayakesari'' and it was in this paper that his first story "[[Ente Thankam]]" (My Darling) was published in the year 1937. A path-breaker in Malayalam romantic fiction, it had its heroine a dark-complexioned hunchback.<ref>{{cite book|title=Basheer fictions|author=M. N. Vijayan|editor=M. N. Vijayan|editor-link=M. N. Vijayan|publisher=Katha|year=1996|page=21|author-link=M. N. Vijayan}}</ref> His early stories were published between 1937 and 1941 in ''Navajeevan'', a weekly published in [[Trivandrum]] in those days.<ref>{{cite book|title=Vushappu (Hunger)|author=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer|year=1954|publisher=Current Books|chapter=Foreword|quote=It is years since I have started writing stories. When did I start? I think it was from 1937. I have been living in Ernakulam since then. I was a writer by profession. I wrote a great deal. I would get my writing published in newspapers and journals. No one paid me for it. The stories were published between 1937 and 1941 in ''Navajeevan'', a weekly published in Trivandrum in those days.}}</ref>

===Imprisonment and after===
At [[Kottayam]] (1941–42), he was arrested and put in a police station lock-up, and later shifted to another lock up in Kollam Kasba police station.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit" /> The stories he heard from policemen and prisoners there appeared in later works, and he wrote a few stories while at the lock-up itself. He spent a long time in lock-up awaiting trial, and after trial was sentenced to two years and six months imprisonment. He was sent to [[Central Prison, Poojappura|Thiruvananthapuram central jail]]. While at jail, he forbade [[M. P. Paul]] from publishing ''[[Balyakalasakhi (novel)|Balyakalasakhi]]''. He wrote ''[[Premalekhanam]]'' (1943) while serving his term and published it on his release. ''Baalyakaalasakhi'' was published in 1944 after further revisions, with an introduction by Paul.<ref>{{cite book|author=Thomas Welbourne Clark|title=The Novel in India: Its Birth and Development|url=https://archive.org/details/novelinindia00icis|url-access=registration|year=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-01725-2|pages=[https://archive.org/details/novelinindia00icis/page/228 228]–}}</ref> [[M. K. Sanu]], critic and a friend of Basheer, would later say that M. P. Paul's introduction contributed significantly in developing his writing career.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/Remembering-a-visionary/articleshow/14856306.cms |title=Remembering a visionary - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=13 July 2012 |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> He then made a career as a writer, initially publishing the works himself and carrying them to homes to sell them. He ran two bookstalls in [[Ernakulam]]; Circle Bookhouse and later, Basheer's Bookstall. After Indian independence, he showed no further interest in active politics, though concerns over morality and political integrity are present all over his works.<ref name="Biography on Kerala Sahitya Akademi portal" />

Basheer got married in 1958 when he was over fifty years old and the bride, Fathima was twenty years of age.<ref name="Malayalam literature's first lady Fabi Basheer passes away">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/malayalam-literature-first-lady-fabi-basheer-passes-away-282621-2015-07-15 |title=Malayalam literature's first lady Fabi Basheer passes away |author=Charmy Harikrishnan |date=July 15, 2015 |magazine=India Today |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30 }}</ref> The couple had a son, Anees and a daughter, Shahina, and the family lived in [[Beypore]], on the southern edge of [[Kozhikode]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/basheers-widow-breathes-her-last/article7427768.ece |title=Basheer's widow breathes her last |last=Musthari |first=Jabir |date=2015-07-16 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> During this period he also suffered from mental illness and was twice admitted to mental [[sanatorium]]s.<ref name="ManoramaOnline">{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2017/07/05/mathilukal-basheer-novel-in-stone-structure.html |title=കരിങ്കല്ലിൽ തീർത്ത മതിലുകൾ |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> He wrote one of his most famous works, ''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'' (Pathumma's Goat), while undergoing treatment in a mental hospital in [[Thrissur]]. The second spell of paranoia occurred in 1962, after his marriage when he had settled down at Beypore. He recovered both times, and continued his writings.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/article4.html |title=Basheer's Insanity |website=archives.mathrubhumi.com |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330121225/http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/article4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Basheer, who earned the [[sobriquet]], ''Beypore Sultan'', after he wrote about his later-day life in Beypore as a Sultan,<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit" /> died there on 5 July 1994, survived by his wife and children.<ref name="ManoramaOnline" /> Fabi Basheer outlived him for over two decades and died on 15 July 2015, at the age of 77, succumbing to complications following a pneumonia attack.<ref name="Malayalam literature's first lady Fabi Basheer passes away" />

== Legacy ==
[[Image:Basheer handwriting DSCN0060.JPG|thumb|left|A handwritten letter by Basheer displayed at an exhibition conducted by [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]]]]

===Language===
Basheer is known for his unconventional style of language.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer (article) |journal = Indian Literature|volume = 45|issue = 4 (204)|last=Rath |first=Ramakanta |date=2001 |pages=153–155 |jstor = 23344259}}</ref> He did not differentiate between literary language and the language spoken by the commons<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2010/jul/05/basheer-explained-complex-things-in-common-man-167317.html |title=Basheer explained complex things in common man' |website=The New Indian Express |date=16 May 2012 |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> and did not care about the grammatical correctness of his sentences. Initially, even his publishers were unappreciative of the beauty of this language; they edited out or modified conversations. Basheer was outraged to find his original writings transcribed into "standardised" [[Malayalam]], devoid of freshness and natural flow, and he forced them to publish the original one instead of the edited one. Basheer's brother Abdul Khader was a Malayalam teacher. Once while reading one of the stories, he asked Basheer, "where are aakhyas and aakhyathas (elements of Malayalam grammar) in this...?". Basheer shouted at him saying that "I am writing in normal Malayalam, how people speak. And you don't try to find your stupid 'aakhya and aakhyaada' in this!". This points out to the writing style of Basheer, without taking care of any grammar, but only in his own village language. Though he made funny remarks regarding his lack of knowledge in Malayalam, he had a very thorough knowledge of it.

Basheer's contempt for grammatical correctness is exemplified by his statement ''Ninte Lodukkoos Aakhyaadam!'' ("Your 'silly stupid' grammar!") to his brother, who sermonises him about the importance of grammar (''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'').<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Special - Mathrubhumi Books">{{Cite web |url=http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/article1.html |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Special - Mathrubhumi Books |website=archives.mathrubhumi.com |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330083427/http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/article1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Themes===
Basheer's fictional characters were mostly marginalised people like gamblers, thieves, pickpockets and prostitutes, and they appeared in his works, naive and pure.<ref name="Vaikom Mohammed Basheer is the true inheritor of the earth" /> An astute observer of human character, he skilfully combined humour and pathos in his works. Love, hunger and poverty, life in prison are recurring themes in his works. There is enormous variety in them – of narrative style, of presentation, of philosophical content, of social comment and commitment. His association with India's independence struggle, the experiences during his long travels and the conditions that existed in Kerala, particularly in the neighbourhood of his home and among the [[Muslim]] community – all had a major impact on them. Politics and prison, homosexuality, all were grist to his mill. All of Basheer's love stories have found their way into the hearts of readers; perhaps no other writer has had such an influence on the way [[Malayali]]s view love. The major theme of all Basheer stories is love and humanity. In the story ''[[Mucheettukalikkarante Makal]]'' (The [[Card sharp]]'s Daughter), when Sainaba comes out of the water after stealing his bananas, Mandan Muthappa says only one thing: "Sainaba go home and dry your hair else you may fall sick". This fine thread of humanism can be experienced in almost all his stories.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tracking-indian-communities/quran-karma-and-a-gnostic-god/ |title=Quran, karma and a gnostic god |date=2018-01-20 |website=Times of India Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

About the influence of Western literature in his works, Basheer once wrote: "I can readily say that I have not been influenced by any literature, Western or Eastern, for, when I started writing I had no idea of literature. Even now it is not much different. It is only after I had written quite a bit, that I had opportunities to contact Western literature. I read all that I could get hold of—[[W. Somerset Maugham|Somerset Maugham]], [[John Steinbeck|Steinbeck]], [[Guy de Maupassant|Maupassant]], [[Gustave Flaubert|Flaubert]], [[Romain Rolland]], [[Maxim Gorky|Gorky]], [[Anton Chekhov|Chekhov]], [[Ernest Hemingway|Hemingway]], [[Pearl S. Buck]], [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare]], [[John Galsworthy|Galsworthy]], [[George Bernard Shaw|Shaw]]... In fact, I organised one or two bookstalls so that I could get more books to read. But I read these books mainly to know their craft. I myself had plenty of experience to write about! I have even now! I am unable to ascertain who has influenced me. Perhaps Romain Rolland and Steinbeck—but even they, not much."<ref>{{Cite book |title= Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature |author=K.M.George |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |year=1972 |page=112}}</ref>

===Works===
[[File:Balyakalasakhi.jpg|thumb|Cover page of Balyakalasakhi]]
[[Image:Pathummayude Aadu.jpg|thumb|right|A sculpture of Basheer's ''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'' at [[Mananchira]], [[Kozhikode]]]]
Almost all of Basheer's writing can be seen as falling under the heading of prose fiction – short stories and novels, though there is also a one-act play and volumes of essays and reminiscences. Basheer's fiction is very varied and full of contrasts. There are poignant situations as well as merrier ones – and commonly both in the same narrative. There are among his output realistic stories and tales of the supernatural. There are purely narrative pieces and others which have the quality of poems in prose. In all, a superficially simple style conceals a great subtlety of expression. His works have been translated into 18 languages.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer: When brevity becomes soul of wit" />

His literary career started off with the novel ''[[Premalekhanam]]'', a humorous love story between Keshavan Nair – a young bank employee, an upper [[caste]] Hindu ([[Nair]]) – and Saramma – an unemployed Christian woman. Hidden underneath the hilarious dialogues we can see a sharp criticism of religious conservatism, [[dowry]] and similar conventions existing in society. The film adaptation of the story was by [[P. A. Backer]] in 1985, with the lead roles played by [[M. G. Soman|Soman]] and [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?5835 |title=Premalekhanam [1985] |website=malayalasangeetham.info |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> It was remade again by [[Aneesh Anwar]] in 2017, featuring [[Farhaan Faasil]], [[Joy Mathew]] and [[Sheela (actress)|Sheela]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Joy-Mathew-and-Sheela-in-Basheerinte-Premalekhanam/articleshow/53873976.cms |title=Joy Mathew and Sheela in Basheerinte Premalekhanam - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=27 January 2017 |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

''[[Premalekhanam]]'' was followed by the novel ''[[Balyakalasakhi (novel)|Balyakalasakhi]]'' – a tragic love story between Majeed and Suhra – which is among the most important novels in Malayalam literature<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/romantic-novels-balyakalasakhi-and-others-basheer.html |title=ഏറ്റവും മഹത്തായ പ്രണയം ഏതായിരിക്കും? |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> in spite of its relatively small size (75 pages), and is commonly agreed upon as his [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/features/vaikom-muhammad-basheer-malayalam-news-1.1179728 |title=സാഹിത്യ സുല്‍ത്താനെ ഓര്‍മ്മിക്കുമ്പോള്‍ |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> In his foreword to ''Balyakalasakhi'', ''Jeevithathil Ninnum Oru Aedu'' (A Page From Life), [[M. P. Paul]] brings out the beauty of this novel, and how it is different from run-of-the-mill love stories. The novel was later adapted into a film by [[J. Sasikumar|Sasikumar]], under [[Balyakalasakhi (1967 film)|the same name]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=213 |title=Baalyakaalasakhi (1967) |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> It was remade with [[Balyakalasakhi (2014 film)|the same title]] in 2014, by [[Pramod Payyannur]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/translating-basheer-to-the-screen/article4769239.ece |title=Translating Basheer to the screen |last=Anima |first=P. |date=2013-05-31 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> with Mammootty and [[Isha Talwar]] playing the lead.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/poetry-on-reel/article5660038.ece |title=Poetry on reel |last=Naliyath |first=Sunil |date=2014-02-06 |website=The Hindu |language=en-IN |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

The autobiographical ''[[Janmadinam]]'' ("Birthday", 1945) is about a writer struggling to feed himself on his birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2018/07/05/vaikom-muhammad-basheer-birth-anniversary.html |title=മനസ്സിരുത്തി വായിക്കണം ബഷീറിന്റെ ഈ കഥ |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> While many of the stories present situations to which the average reader can easily relate, the darker, seamier side of human existence also finds a major place, as in the novel ''[[Shabdangal]]'' ("Voices", 1947),<ref>{{cite book|author=Vaikkaṃ Muhammad Baṣīr|title=Poovan Banana and the Other Stories - 1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVAbHQ7aKDEC&pg=PA2|year=1994|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0323-6|pages=2–}}</ref> which faced heavy criticism for violence and [[vulgarity]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Kaustav Chakraborty|title=De-stereotyping Indian Body and Desire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RmsxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110|date=17 March 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-5743-7|pages=110–}}</ref>

''[[Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu]]'' ("My Gran'dad 'ad an Elephant", 1951) is a fierce attack on the superstitious practices that existed among Muslims. Its protagonist is Kunjupathumma, a naive, innocent and illiterate village belle. She falls in love with an educated, progressive, city-bred man, Nisaar Ahamed. Illiteracy is fertile soil for superstitions, and the novel is about education enlightening people and making them shed age-old conventions. ''Velichathinentoru Velicham'' (a crude translation can be "What a bright brightness!") one of the most quoted Basheer phrases occurs in ''Ntuppuppaakkoraanaendaarnnu''. People boast of the glory of days past, their "grandfather's elephants", but that is just a ploy to hide their shortcomings. The book was later translated into English by R. E. Asher.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ourkeralam.com/usefulinformation/greatkeralites.htm |title=Great Keralites |date=2019-03-29 |website=www.ourkeralam.com |access-date=2019-03-29 |archive-date=24 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024151507/http://www.ourkeralam.com/usefulinformation/greatkeralites.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

His next novel was ''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'', an autobiographical work published in 1959, featuring mostly his family members.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/2017/07/05/vaikom-muhammad-basheer-in-malayalam.html |title=മാന്ത്രിക ബഷീർ |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> The book tells the story of everyday life in a Muslim family.<ref>{{cite book|author=Vaikkaṃ Muhammad Baṣīr|title=Poovan Banana and the Other Stories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BVAbHQ7aKDEC&pg=PA3|year=1994|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0323-6|pages=3–}}</ref> ''[[Mathilukal]]'' (Walls) deals with prison life in the pre-independence days. It is a novel of sad irony set against a turbulent political backdrop. The novelist falls in love with a woman sentenced for life who is separated from him by insurmountable walls. They exchange love-promises standing on two sides of a wall, only to be separated without even being able to say good-bye. Before he "met" Naraayani, the loneliness and restrictions of prison life was killing Basheer; but when the orders for his release arrive he loudly protests, "Who needs freedom? Outside is an even bigger jail." The novel was later made into a [[Mathilukal|film with same name]] by [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] with [[Mammootty]] playing Basheer.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=2312 |title=Mathilukal (1990) |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

''Sthalathe Pradhana Divyan'', ''Anavariyum Ponkurishum'', ''[[Mucheettukalikkarante Makal]]'' and ''Ettukali Mammoonju'' featured the life of real life characters in his native village of [[Thalayolaparambu]] (regarded as ''Sthalam'' in these works). Perch, a [[Chennai]] based theatre, has adapted portions from ''[[Premalekhanam]]'' and ''[[Mucheettukalikkarante Makal]]'' as a drama under the title, ''The Moonshine and the Sky Toffee''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/literature/literaryworld/moonshine-and-skytoffee-drama-based-on-basheer-story-is-coming.html |title=ബേപ്പൂർ സുൽത്താന് ആദരമായി 'നിലാവും ആകാശമിട്ടായി'യും വീണ്ടും അരങ്ങത്തേക്ക് |website=ManoramaOnline |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>


=== Trivia ===
Fabi Basheer published his memoirs, ''Basheerinte Ediye'',<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://find.uoc.ac.in/Record/98309/Description |title=Basheerinte ediye / |last=Basheer |first=Fabi |date=2011 |language=ml}}</ref> which details her life with her husband.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/Fabi-Basheer-is-dead/articleshow/48091900.cms |title=Fabi Basheer is dead - Times of India |website=The Times of India |date=16 July 2015 |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
[[Sahitya Akademi]] honoured Basheer with their [[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|fellowship]] in 1970,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/fellows/sahitya_akademi_fellowship.jsp |title=Sahitya Akademi: Fellows and Honorary Fellows |date=2019-03-30 |website=sahitya-akademi.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> the same year as he was honoured with the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship|distinguished fellowship]] by the [[Kerala Sahitya Akademi]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralasahityaakademi.org/sp/Writers/Fellows/Basheer/Basheer.htm |title=Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |date=2019-03-30 |website=Kerala Sahitya Akademi |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the [[Padma Shri]] in 1982<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170616021314/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/Year_Wise_main_25042017.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-06-16 |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954-2017) |date=2019-03-30 |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> and five years later, the [[University of Calicut]] conferred on him the honorary degree of the [[D.Litt|Doctor of Letters]] on 19 January 1987.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.universityofcalicut.info/news/formerdegreerecepients.pdf |title=Former Honorary Degree Recipients |publisher=University of Calicut |access-date=4 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224132824/http://www.universityofcalicut.info/news/formerdegreerecepients.pdf |archive-date=24 February 2013}}</ref> He received the [[Kerala State Film Award for Best Story]] for the [[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]] film, ''[[Mathilukal]]'' in 1989<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm|title=State Film Awards 1969 – 2011|publisher=Public Relations Department, [[Government of Kerala]]|access-date=4 June 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303234213/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/stateawards2.htm|archive-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> and the inaugural [[Malayalam Literary Awards#Lalithambika Antharjanam Smaraka Sahitya Award|Lalithambika Antharjanam Award]] in 1992<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/lalithambika-antharjanam-award/580 |title=Lalithambika Antharjanam Smaraka Sahitya Award |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> followed by the [[Prem Nazir]] Award the same year.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Special - Mathrubhumi Books" /> He received two awards in 1993, the [[Malayalam Literary Awards#Muttathu Varkey Award|Muttathu Varkey Award]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/awards/214/ |title=മുട്ടത്ത്‌വര്‍ക്കി പുരസ്‌കാരം |date=17 September 2010 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]] |language=ml |trans-title=Muttathu Varkey Award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603130057/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/awards/214/ |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref> and the [[Malayalam Literary Awards#Vallathol Award|Vallathol Award]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/awards/171/ |title=വള്ളത്തോള്‍ പുരസ്‌കാരം |date=17 September 2010 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=ml |trans-title=Vallathol Award |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603130100/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/books/article/awards/171/ |archive-date=3 June 2013 |url-status=dead |access-date=4 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.keralaculture.org/vallathol-award/574 |title=Winners of Vallathol Literary Awards |website=www.keralaculture.org |language=en |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref> The ''Thamrapathra'''of the Government of India (1972), Abu Dhabi Malayala Samajam Literary Award (1982), Samskaradeepam Award (1987) and [[Jeddah]] Arangu Award (1994) were some of the other awards received by him.<ref name="Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Special - Mathrubhumi Books" /> Mathrubhumi issued a [[festschrift]] on him, ''Ormmayile Basheer'' (Basheer - Reminiscences) in 2003 which featured several articles and photos<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/index.html |title=Ormmayile Basheer |website=archives.mathrubhumi.com |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-date=28 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528151636/http://archives.mathrubhumi.com/books/special/vaikom_muhammad_basheer/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and the [[India Post]] released a commemorative postage stamp, depicting his image, on 21 January 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps2009.aspx |title=Commemorative and definitive stamps |date=2019-03-30 |website=postagestamps.gov.in |access-date=2019-03-30 |archive-date=21 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121221832/http://postagestamps.gov.in/Stamps2009.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wnsstamps.post/en/stamps/IN002.09 |title=WNS: IN002.09 (Vaikom Muhhammad Busheer) |date=2019-03-30 |website=Universal Postal Union |access-date=2019-03-30}}</ref>

==Published works==
===Novels===
{{quote box
| width = 32em
| title = Excerpts from the story ''Amma'' (The Mother)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2701/stories/20100115270116800.htm |title=Basheer and the freedom struggle |website=frontline.thehindu.com |access-date=2019-03-30 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| title_bg = gray
| title_fnt = white
| bgcolor = lightgray
| align = right
| halign = center
| quote =
''I said nothing. I was shaken, unable to breathe. The whole world was asleep! My mother alone was awake! Mother brought a vessel of water and asked me to wash my hands and feet. Then she placed a plate of rice before me.''

''She asked me nothing.''

''I was amazed. “How did you know, Umma, that I was coming today?”''

''Mother replied, “Oh... I cook rice and wait every night.”''

''It was a simple statement. Every night I did not turn up, but mother had kept awake waiting for me.''

''The years have passed. Many things have happened.''

''But mothers still wait for their sons.''

''“Son, I just want to see you...”''
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Title
! Translation in English
! Year of Publishing
|-
!1
|''[[Premalekhanam]]'' ||''The Love Letter'' || 1943
|-
! 2
|''[[Balyakalasakhi (novel)|Balyakalasakhi]]'' || ''Childhood Companion'' || 1944
|-
! 3
|''[[Shabdangal]]'' || ''The Voices'' || 1947
|-
! 4
|''[[Ntuppuppakkoranendarnnu]]'' ||''My Grandad Had an Elephant'' || 1951
|-
! 5
|''[[Maranathinte Nizhalil]]'' ||''In the Shadow of Death'' || 1951
|-
! 6
|''[[Mucheettukalikkarante Makal]]'' ||''The Card Sharper's Daughter'' || 1951
|-
! 7
|''Sthalathe Pradhana Divyan'' ||''The Principal Divine of the Place'' || 1953
|-
! 8
|''Anavariyum Ponkurishum'' ||''Elephant Scooper and Golden Cross'' || 1953
|-
! 9
|''Jeevithanizhalppadukal'' ||''The Shadows of Life'' || 1954
|-
! 10
|''[[Pathummayude Aadu]]'' ||''Paththumma's Goat'' || 1959
|-
! 11
|''[[Mathilukal]]'' || ''Walls'' || 1965
|-
! 12
|''Thara Specials'' || || 1968
|-
! 13
|''[[Manthrikappoocha]]'' || ''The Magic Cat'' || 1968
|-
! 14
|''Prempatta'' || ''The Loving Cockroach'' (Published posthumously) || 2006
|}

===Short stories===
{{multiple image
| width = 120
| image1 = ബഷീർ.jpg
| caption1 = Basheer - a caricature
| image2 = Abubakar -Basheer's brother.jpg
| caption2 = Abubakar -Basheer's brother
}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Title
! Translation in English
! Year of Publishing
|-
!1
|''Janmadinam'' || ''The Birthday'' || 1945
|-
!2
| ''Ormakkurippu'' || ''Jottings from Memory'' || 1946
|-
!3
| ''[[Anargha Nimisham]]'' || ''Invaluable Moment'' (See "[[Anal Haq]]") || 1946
|-
!4
| ''[[Viddikalude Swargam]]'' || ''Fools' Paradise'' || 1948
|-
!5
| ''Pavappettavarude Veshya'' || ''The Prostitute of the Poor'' || 1952
|-
!6
| ''[[Vishwavikhyathamaya Mookku]]'' || ''The World-renowned Nose'' || 1954
|-
!7
| ''[[Visappu]]'' || ''The Hunger'' || 1954
|-
!8
| ''Oru Bhagavad Gitayum Kure Mulakalum'' || ''A Bhagavadgeetha and Some Breasts'' || 1967
|-
!9
| ''Anappooda'' || ''Elephant-hair'' || 1975
|-
!10
| ''Chirikkunna Marappava'' || ''The Laughing Wooden Doll'' || 1975
|-
!11
| ''Bhoomiyude Avakashikal'' || ''The Inheritors of the Earth'' || 1977
|-
!12
| ''Shinkidimunkan'' || ''The Fools' God Man'' || 1991
|-
!13
| ''Sarpayajnam'' ||''The Snake Ritual'' ||
|-
!14
| ''പാമ്പും കണ്ണാടിയും'' ||''The Snake And The Mirrior'' ||
|}
===Others===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! #
! Title
! Translation in English
! Year of Publishing
! Notes
|-
!1
| ''[[Dharmarajyam]]'' || || 1938 || Essays
|-
!2
| ''[[Kathabeejam]]'' || ''Story Seed'' || 1945 || Play
|-
!3
| ''Nerum Nunayum'' || ''Truth and Lie'' || 1969 || Commentary and letters
|-
!4
| ''[[Ormayude Arakal]]'' || ''The Cells of Memory'' || 1973 || Commentary and memoirs
|-
!5
|''[[Anuragathinte Dinangal]]'' || ''The Days of Desire'' || 1983 || Diary
|-
!6
|''[[Bhargavi Nilayam]]'' || ''Bhargavi's Mansion'' || 1985 || Screenplay; adapted from the short story "[[Neelavelicham]]"
|-
!7
| ''M. P. Paul'' || || 1991 || Reminiscences of his friendship with M. P. Paul
|-
!8
| ''[[Cheviyorkkuka! Anthimakahalam]]'' || ''Hark! The Final Clarion-call!!'' || 1992 || Speech
|-
!9
| ''Yaa Ilaahi!'' || ''Oh God!'' || 1997 || Collection of stories, essays, letters and poem; Published posthumously
|-
!10
| ''Jeevitham Oru Anugraham'' || ''Life is a Blessing'' || 2000 || Collection of stories, essays and play; Published posthumously
|-
!11
| ''Basheerinte Kathukal'' || ''Basheer's Letters'' || 2008 || Letters; Published posthumously
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="width:45%"
! scope="col" style="width:5%" | #
! scope="col" style="width:10%" | Year
! scope="col" style="width:15%" | Title
! scope="col" style="width:15%" | Contribution
|-
| 1 || 1964 || ''[[Bhargavi Nilayam]]'' || Story, screenplay, dialogues
|-
| 2 || 1967 || ''[[Balyakalasakhi (1967 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]'' || Story, screenplay, dialogues
|-
| 3 || 1975 || ''[[Mucheettukalikkaarante Makkal]]'' || Story
|-
| 4 || 1985 || ''[[Premalekhanam (film)|Premalekhanam]]'' || Story
|-
| 5 || 1988 || ''[[Dhwani]]'' || Acting
|-
| 6 || 1990 || ''[[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]'' || Story
|-
| 7 || 1995 || ''Sasinas'' || Story
|-
| 8 || 2013 || ''[[Kathaveedu]]'' || Story
|-
| 9 || 2014 || ''[[Balyakalasakhi (2014 film)|Balyakalasakhi]]'' || Story
|-
| 10 || 2017 || ''[[Basheerinte Premalekhanam]]'' || Story
|-
| 11 || 2023 || ''[[Neelavelicham (film)|Neelavelicham]]'' || Story, screenplay, dialogues
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2701/stories/20100115270116800.htm |title=Basheer and the freedom struggle |author=[[R. E. Asher]] |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=24 January – 6 February 1998 |volume= 15 |issue= 2}}
* {{cite book |title= The Novel in India: Its Birth and Development |editor=T. W. Clarke |url=https://archive.org/details/novelinindia00icis |year=1970 |location=[[California]] |publisher=[[University of California]] |chapter=Three Novelists of Kerala |author=[[R. E. Asher]] |pages=205–234|isbn=978-0-520-01725-2 }}
* {{cite journal |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/a-lone-traveller/article6808006.ece |title=A lone traveller |author=V. Abdulla |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=12 August 1994 }}
* {{cite journal |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/other/article30194219.ece |title=Sultan of story: A birth centenary tribute to Vaikom Mohammed Basheer who picked up his tales from life's poetry |author=K. Satchidanandan |journal=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |date=1 February 2008 |volume= 25 |issue= 2|author-link=K. Satchidanandan }}
* {{cite journal |last1=K. Satchidanandan |title=Vaikom Muhammad Basheer and Indian Literature |journal=[[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] |date=2009 |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=57–78 |jstor=23348483 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23348483.pdf |access-date=7 February 2023 |author1-link=K. Satchidanandan }}
* {{cite thesis |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/27104 |title=Ecopresence in the novels of Vaikom Muhammad Basheer |author=N. V. Muhammad Rafi |date=2010 |publisher=[[Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala|Mahatma Gandhi University]]|hdl=10603/27104 }}
* {{cite thesis |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/34161 |title=Local life depicted in the novels of Vaikom Muhammed Basheer and R K Narayan a comparative study |author=P. P. Aboobacker |date=2015 |publisher=[[University of Calicut]]|hdl=10603/34161 }}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Basheer}}
{{Malayalam Literature}}
{{Padma Award winners of Kerala}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}
{{Kerala Sahitya Akademi Fellowship}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basheer, Vaikom Muhammad}}
[[Category:Vaikom Muhammad Basheer| ]]
[[Category:1908 births]]
[[Category:1994 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Vaikom]]
[[Category:Writers from Kottayam district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Malabar Muslims]]
[[Category:Writers from British India]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian independence activists from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male short story writers]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian diarists]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language novelists]]
[[Category:Malayalam short story writers]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Kerala State Film Award winners]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Gandhians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian memoirists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:20th-century diarists]]

Diocese of Neyyattinkara

2026-03-23T00:07:55Z

Leonpcs: Starting basic details first draft

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Neyyattinkara
|latin = Dioecesis Neyyattinkaraensis
|local = {{Lang|ml|നെയ്യാറ്റിൻകര രൂപത}}
|country = [[India]]
|province = [[Latin Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum|Trivandrum]]
|metropolitan = [[Latin Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum|Trivandrum]]
|denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
|sui_iuris_church = [[Latin Church]]
|rite = [[Latin liturgical rites|Latin rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in [[Neyyattinkara]]
|cocathedral =
|patron = [[Saint Joseph]]
|area_km2 = 1,497
|population = 1,334,865
|population_as_of = 2004
|catholics = 128,730
|catholics_percent= 9.6
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Vincent Samuel]]
|metro_archbishop = [[Thomas J. Netto]]
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|vicar_general = G. Christudas<ref name="diocesan.officials">{{Cite web |url=https://www.neyyattinkaradiocese.org/pages/diocesan_officials |title=Diocesan Officials |website=Diocese of Neyyattinkara |access-date=4 April 2023}}</ref>
|website = {{URL|neyyattinkaradiocese.org}}
|headquarters =
|judicial_vicar = D. Selvarajan<ref name="diocesan.officials"/>
|episcopal_vicar = V.P. Jose
}}

The '''Diocese of Neyyattinkara''' ({{langx|la| Neyyattinkaraen(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the town of [[Neyyattinkara]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Trivandrum|Trivandrum]] in India.

==History==
*14 June 1996: Established as Diocese of Neyyattinkara from the Diocese of Trivandrum
The majority of the population of Neyyattinkara Roman Catholic Diocese belong to major ethnic group of Nadar Community. The Holy Throne has established the Diocese of Neyyattinkara for the exclusive evangelisation of the area, progress and preservation of the Latin Catholic Minority.

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Neyyattinkara Roman Rite([[Latin]])
** Bishop [[Vincent Samuel]] (14 June 1996 – present)

==Saints and causes for canonisation==
* Servant of God Fr. Adeodatus (Muthiyavila Valiyachan)<ref name="Benziger Adeodatus DC">{{cite news |title=Bishop Maria Benziger, Adeodatus made Servants of God |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/211018/bishop-maria-benziger-adeodatus-made-servants-of-god.html
|work=Deccan Chronicle |date=21 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref>

== Diocesan Officials ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!S.No
!Name
!Designation
|-
|1.
|Most. Rev. Msgr. Dr. Thomas J. Netto
|Metropolitan Archbishop
|-
|2.
|Rt. Rev. Dr. Vincent Samuel S.T.D.
|Bishop
|-
|3.
|Rt. Rev. Msgr. G. Christudas
|Vicar General
|-
|4.
|Very Rev. Msgr. D. Selvarajan
|Judicial Vicar, Regional Co-ordinator
|-
|5.
|Rev. Dr. Jose Raphael
|Chancellor
|-
|6.
|Very Rev. Msgr. V.P. Jose
|Coordinator of Ministries
|-
|7.
|Very Rev. Msgr. Rufus Pius Lean
|Regional Co-ordinator
|-
|8.
|Very Rev. Msgr. Vincent K Peter
|Regional Co-ordinator
|-
|9.
|Very Rev. Msgr. Alphonse Ligouri
|Episcopal Vicar for Finance
|-
|10.
|Rev. Fr. Alosious Sathyanesan S
|Secretary of Senate
|-
|11.
|Very Rev. Fr. Sabu Varghese
|Finance Officer
|-
|12.
|Rev. Fr. Chistopher Yasaya
|Procurator
|-
|13.
|Rev. Fr. Sujin S. Johnson
|Secretary to the Bishop
|}

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/neyy0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dneyy.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{Christianity in Kerala|state=collapsed}}
{{coord|8.3955|N|77.0872|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Neyyattinkara}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1996]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:Dioceses in Kerala]]
[[Category:1996 establishments in Kerala]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}

Axe

2026-03-17T21:02:04Z

Leonpcs: adjusted page per sources and improved wording

{{Short description|Type of wedge tool}}
{{About|the cutting tool||Axe (disambiguation)|and|Axed (disambiguation)|and|Axes (disambiguation)}}
{{Redirect|Ax||AX (disambiguation){{!}}AX}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2016}}
[[File:Felling axe.jpg|thumb|Double- and single-bit felling axes[[File:An axe labelled-2edit.svg|thumb|upright|A diagram showing the main points on an axe]]]]
An '''axe''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|k|s}}; sometimes spelled '''ax''' in [[American English]]; [[American and British English spelling differences#Miscellaneous spelling differences|see spelling differences]]) is an implement that has been used for thousands of years to shape, split, and cut wood, to harvest timber, and as a weapon. The axe has many forms and specialised uses but generally consists of a head with a sharpened blade (also called a "bit") attached to a handle (also called "haft" or "helve").

Before the modern axe, the [[Stone Age|stone-age]] [[hand axe]] without a handle was used from 1.5 million years [[Before Present|BP]]. Hafted axes (those with a handle) date from at least 46,000 years BP by Northern Indigenous Australians. The earliest examples of handled axes have heads of stone with some form of wooden handle attached ([[hafting|hafted]]) in a method to suit the available materials and use. Axes made of [[copper]], [[bronze]], [[iron]] and [[steel]] appeared as these technologies developed.

The axe is an example of a [[simple machine]], as it is a type of [[Wedge (mechanical device)|wedge]], or dual [[inclined plane]]. This reduces the effort needed by the wood chopper. It cuts and splits the wood into two parts by the pressure concentration at the blade and then the movement of the head in behind the initial cut. The handle of the axe also acts as a [[Lever#Third-class levers|lever]] allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge. Generally, the blades of 'cutting axes', which are used for [[felling]], [[limbing]], and [[Log bucking|bucking]], have a shallow (acute) wedge angle, whereas 'splitting axes' have a deeper (more obtuse) angle. Most axes are double bevelled (i.e. symmetrical about the axis of the blade), but some specialist [[broadaxe]]s have a single bevel blade.

Most modern axes have steel heads and wooden handles, although plastic or [[fibreglass]] handles are also common. Modern axes are specialised by use, size and form. Hafted axes with short handles designed for use with one hand are often called "hand axes", but the term "hand axe" can also refer to an axe without a handle. [[Hatchet]]s tend to be short-, small-hafted axes often with a hammer on the back side (the poll, or butt). Relatively easy to make and use, the axe has frequently been used in combat, and is one of humanity's oldest weapons. Axes are also linchpins to the competitive sport of [[Woodchopping|wood-chopping]].

==History==
[[File:Kokerbijl van het Plainseautype in brons, 925 tot 800 VC, vindplaats- Maaseik, Heppeneert, Wayerveld, collectie Gallo-Romeins Museum Tongeren, He 1.jpg|thumb|Bronze socketed axe from the Heppeneert hoard (Belgium), about 800 BCE, collection of the [[King Baudouin Foundation]], [[Gallo-Roman Museum, Tongeren|Gallo-Roman Museum (Tongeren)]]]]
[[File:ALB - Hortfund Groß Gaglow.jpg|thumb|A collection of [[bronze]] socketed axe blades from the [[Bronze Age]] found in Germany. This was the prime tool of the period, and also seems to have been used as a store of value.]]
[[File:Brescia Monte pietà romani1 by Stefano Bolognini.JPG|thumb|upright|Roman axes in an ancient Roman relief in [[Brescia]], [[Italy]]]]
[[File:Shang Bronze Yue 2.jpg|thumb|[[Shang dynasty]] axe]]
[[Hand axe]]s, of [[Rock (geology)|stone]], and used without handles (hafts) were the first axes. They had [[Knapping|knapped]] (chipped) cutting edges of [[Flint axe|flint]] or other stone. Early examples of hand axes date back to 1.6 mya in the later Oldowan,<ref>Leakey, M. D. 1972. ''Olduvai Gorge''. Vol 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref> in Southern [[Ethiopia]] around 1.4 mya,<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=1465142|year=1992|author1=Asfaw, B.|author2=Beyene, Y.|author3=Suwa, G.|author4=Walter, R. C.|author5=White, T. D.|author6=Woldegabriel, G.|author7=Yemane, T.|title=The earliest Acheulean from Konso-Gardula|volume=360|issue=6406|pages=732–5|doi=10.1038/360732a0|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|bibcode=1992Natur.360..732A|s2cid=4341455}}</ref> and in 1.2 mya deposits in [[Olduvai Gorge]].<ref name="FoleyLewin2003">{{cite book|author1=Foley, Robert Andrew|author2=Lewin, Roger|title=Principles of Human Evolution|year=2003|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-632-04704-8}}</ref> Stone axes made with ''[[Grind|ground]]'' cutting edges were first developed sometime in the late [[Pleistocene]] in [[Indigenous Australians|Australia]], where grind-edge axe fragments from sites in [[Arnhem Land]] date back at least 44,000 years;<ref>{{cite journal| last1 = Hiscock | first1 = P. | last2 = O'Connor | first2 = S. | last3 = Balme | first3 = J. | last4 = Maloney | first4 = T. | year = 2016 | title = World's earliest ground-edge axe production coincides with human colonisation of Australia | journal = Australian Archaeology | volume = 82 | issue = 1 | pages = 2–11 | doi=10.1080/03122417.2016.1164379 | s2cid = 147777782 | doi-access = | hdl = 10072/407100 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Geneste | first1 = J.-M. | last2 = David | first2 = B. | last3 = Plisson | first3 = H. | last4 = Clarkson | first4 = C. | last5 = Delannoy | first5 = J.-J. | last6 = Petchey | first6 = F. | last7 = Whear | first7 = R. | year = 2010 | title = Earliest evidence for ground-edge axes: 35,400 ± 410 cal BP from Jawoyn Country, Arnhem Land | journal = Australian Archaeology | volume = 71 | issue = 1 | pages = 66–69 | doi=10.1080/03122417.2010.11689385 | hdl = 10289/5067 | s2cid = 134077798 | hdl-access = free }}</ref> grind-edge axes were later present in [[Japan]] some time around 38,000 BP, and are known from several [[Upper Palaeolithic]] sites on the islands of [[Honshu]] and [[Kyushu]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Takashi | first1 = T. | year = 2012 | title = MIS3 edge-ground axes and the arrival of the first Homo sapiens in the Japanese archipelago | journal = Quaternary International | volume = 248 | pages = 70–78 | doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2011.01.030 | bibcode = 2012QuInt.248...70T }}</ref>
Hafted axes are first known from the [[Mesolithic]] period ({{Circa|6000 BC}}). Few wooden hafts have been found from this period, but it seems that the axe was normally hafted by [[Wedge|wedging]]. [[Birch-tar]] and [[Rawhide (material)|rawhide]] [[Lashing (ropework)|lashings]] were used to fix the blade.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

The distribution of stone axes is an important indication of prehistoric [[trade]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Micu |first1=Alexandru |title=Around 4,500 years ago, Vietnamese stone-age traders traveled hundreds of kilometers to sell their wares |url=https://www.zmescience.com/science/vitenam-trade-stone-ancient/ |website=zmescience.com |date=21 August 2017 |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026210014/https://www.zmescience.com/science/vitenam-trade-stone-ancient/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Thin sectioning is used to determine the [[Provenance (geology)|provenance]] of the stone blades. In [[Europe]], [[Neolithic]] "axe factories", where thousands of ground stone axes were roughed out, are known from many places, such as:{{CN|date=October 2024}}

* [[Langdale axe industry|Great Langdale]], England ([[tuff]])
* [[Rathlin Island]], Ireland ([[porcellanite]])
* [[Krzemionki]], Poland (flint)
* [[Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes]], Belgium (flint)
* [[Plancher-les-Mines]], France ([[pelite]])
* [[Aosta Valley]], Italy ([[omphacite]]).

Stone axes are still produced and in use today in parts of [[Papua (province)|Papua]], [[Indonesia]]. The [[Mount Hagen]] area of [[Papua New Guinea]] was an important production centre.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

From the late [[Neolithic]]/[[Chalcolithic]] onwards, axes were made of [[copper]] or copper mixed with [[arsenic]]. These axes were flat and hafted much like their stone predecessors. Axes continued to be made in this manner with the introduction of [[Bronze]] [[metallurgy]]. Eventually the hafting method changed and the flat axe developed into the "flanged axe", then [[palstave]]s, and later winged and socketed axes.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

{{multiple image |align=center
|image1=Franks HouseDSCF7155.jpg|caption1=Hand axes from Swanscombe at the [[British Museum]] that belongs to [[Swanscombe Heritage Park|Swanscombe Man]] who lived 200,000–300,000 years ago |width1=280
|image2=CMOC Treasures of Ancient China exhibit - bronze battle axe.jpg|caption2=A bronze axe from the Chinese [[Shang dynasty]], 12th to 11th centuries BC
|image3=Zhejiang Provincial Museum 38.jpg|caption3=Various [[Warring States period]] axes
}}{{Clear}}

==Symbolism, ritual, and folklore==
[[File:13th Cent. BC Unique Shang Hafted Axe with Jade (Nephrite) Blade.jpg|thumb|Jade axe, [[Shang dynasty]]]]
{{Hiero|1=Axe|2=<hiero>T7</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}{{Hiero|1=Axe alternative|2=<hiero>T7A</hiero>|align=left|era=egypt}}
At least since the late [[Neolithic]], elaborate axes (battle-axes, T-axes, etc.) had a [[Religion|religious]] significance and probably indicated the exalted [[Social status|status]] of their owner. Certain types almost never show traces of [[wear]]; deposits of unshafted axe blades from the middle Neolithic (such as at the [[Somerset Levels]] in Britain) may have been gifts to the [[deity|deities]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Interpreting the axe trade: production and exchange in Neolithic Britain |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-43446-1 |editor-last=Bradley |editor-first=Richard |edition=1. publ |series=New studies in archaeology |location=Cambridge [England] New York |editor-last2=Edmonds |editor-first2=Mark R.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bradley |first=Richard |title=A geography of offerings: deposits of valuables in the landscapes of ancient Europe |date=2017 |publisher=Oxbow Books |isbn=978-1-78570-477-2 |series=Oxbow insights in archaeology |location=Oxford}}</ref>

[[File:Old axes.jpg|thumb|A collection of old Australian cutting tools including [[broad axe]]s, broad hatchets, mortising axes, carpenter's axes, and felling axes. Also five [[adze]]s, a corner chisel, two [[froe]]s, and a [[twybil]].]]In [[Minoan civilization|Minoan]] [[Crete]], the double axe ([[labrys]]) had a special significance, used by priestesses in religious ceremonies.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

In 1998, a labrys, complete with an elaborately embellished haft, was found at Cham-Eslen, [[Canton of Zug]], [[Switzerland]]. The haft was {{convert|120|cm|abbr=on}} long and wrapped in ornamented [[Birch bark|birch-bark]]. The axe blade is {{convert|17.4|cm|abbr=on}} long and made of [[antigorite]], mined in the [[Gotthard Pass|Gotthard]]-area. The haft goes through a biconical drilled hole and is fastened by wedges of antler and by birch-tar. It belongs to the early [[Cortaillod culture]].{{CN|date=October 2024}}

The [[coat of arms of Norway]] features a lion rampant carrying an axe which represents King [[Olaf II of Norway]], who was honoured as the [[Rex Perpetuus Norvegiae|Eternal King of Norway]].{{CN|date=October 2024}}

[[File:Coat of arms of Tórshavn.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Axe pictured in the coat of arms of [[Tórshavn]]]]
[[File:Kalvola.vaakuna.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.5|Two axes pictured in the former coat of arms of [[Kalvola]]]]
In [[folklore]], stone axes were sometimes believed to be [[thunderbolt]]s and were used to guard buildings against [[lightning]], as it was believed ([[Rumor|mythically]]) that lightning never struck the same place twice. This has caused some skewing of axe distributions.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

[[Steel]] axes were important in [[superstition]] as well. A [[Axe throwing|thrown]] axe could keep off a [[hail]]storm, sometimes an axe was placed in the [[crops]], with the cutting edge to the skies to protect the harvest against bad [[weather]]. An upright axe buried under the [[sill plate|sill]] of a house would keep off [[Witchcraft|witches]], while an axe under the [[bed]] would assure [[male]] [[offspring]].{{CN|date=October 2024}}

[[Basque people|Basques]], [[Australia]]ns and [[New Zealanders]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Arnold |first1=Naomi |url=https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/block-busters/ |title=Geography: Block busters |website=nzgeo.com |access-date=23 October 2020 |archive-date=6 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106141238/https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/block-busters/ |url-status=live }}</ref> have developed variants of rural sports that perpetuate the traditions of [[Woodchopping|log cutting]] with axe. The Basque variants, [[Wood splitting|splitting]] horizontally or vertically disposed logs, are generically called ''[[aizkolaritza]]'' (from ''aizkora'': axe).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.axemanscomplex.com.au/history.html |title=History of the Australian Axeman's Hall of Fame & Timberworks | Latrobe | Tasmania | Australia |publisher=Axemanscomplex.com.au |access-date=2020-02-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426045230/http://www.axemanscomplex.com.au/history.html |archive-date=2012-04-26 }}</ref>

In [[Yoruba religion|Yorùbá mythology]], the oshe (double-headed axe) symbolises [[Shango]], [[Orisha]] (god) of thunder and lightning. It is said to represent swift and balanced justice. Shango altars often contain a carved figure of a woman holding a gift to the god with a double-bladed axe sticking up from her head.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

The [[Hurrian]] and [[Hittites|Hittite]] weather god [[Teshub]] is depicted on a bas-relief at [[Ivriz]] wielding a thunderbolt and an axe.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

The [[Arkalochori Axe]] is a bronze, Minoan, axe from the second millennium BC thought to be used for religious purposes. Inscriptions on this axe have been compared with other ancient writing systems.{{CN|date=October 2024}}

In [[Order of Mark Master Masons|Mark Masonry]], the axe is a symbol of punishment meant to remind Mark Master Masons to be truthful and avoid deceit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mark Master Mason Degree |url=https://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/mark_master_lecture.html |access-date=2026-01-02 |website=www.freemasons-freemasonry.com}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Types==

===Axes designed to cut or shape wood===
[[File:Axt zum spalten1.jpg|thumb|upright|Splitting axe]]
[[File:Carpenter's axe.jpg|thumb|upright|A Swedish carpenter's axe]]

* [[Broadaxe]]: Used with the grain of the wood in precision splitting or "[[hewing]]" (i.e. the squaring-off of round timbers usually for use in construction). Broad axe bits are most commonly [[chisel]]-shaped (i.e. one flat and one beveled edge) facilitating more controlled work as the flat cheek passes along the squared timber.
* [[Adze]]: A variation featuring a head perpendicular to that of an axe. Rather than splitting wood side-by-side, it is used to [[Rip cut|rip]] a level surface into a horizontal piece of wood. It can also be used as a [[pickaxe]] for breaking up rocks and [[clay]].
* [[Hatchet]]: A small, light axe designed for use in one hand specifically while [[camping]] or [[travel]]ling.
* [[Carpenter's axe]]: A small axe, usually slightly larger than a hatchet, used in traditional [[Woodworking|woodwork]], [[Woodworking joints|joinery]] and [[Log building|log-building]]. It has a pronounced beard and finger notch to allow a "choked" grip for precise control. The poll is designed for use as a hammer.
* [[Hand axe]]: A small axe used for intermediate chopping, similar to hatchets.
* [[Mortise and tenon|Mortising]] axe: Used for creating mortises, a process which begins by [[drilling]] two holes at the ends of the intended mortise. Then the wood between the holes is removed with the mortising axe. Some forms of the tool have one blade, which may be pushed, swung or struck with a [[mallet]]. Others, such as twybil, bisaigüe and piochon have two, one of which is used for separating the fibres, and the other for levering out the waste.<ref>Johan David. [http://www.mot.be/w/1/index.php/Reading/NotesSurTroisOutilsAnciensDuCharpentier "Notes sur trois outils anciens du charpentier : le bondax, la bisaiguë, le piochon"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028220318/http://www.mot.be/w/1/index.php/Reading/NotesSurTroisOutilsAnciensDuCharpentier |date=28 October 2011 }}, ''Revue des archéologues et historiens d'art de Louvain 10''. 1977.</ref>

===Axes as weapons===
* [[Battle axe]]: In its most common form, an arm-length weapon borne in one or both hands. Compared to a sword swing, it delivers more cleaving power against a smaller target area, making it more effective against armour, due to concentrating more of its weight in the axehead.<ref><nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''cite thesis''' |last1=Cahill |first1=Christopher | last2=Jung |first2=Bryan | last3=Kamat |first3=Omesh |last4=Schuler first4=Miles |date=March 2015 |title=EVOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN ARMS AND ARMORS: MEDIEVAL ERA BATTLE AXE |url=https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/iqp-all/1532<nowiki> |work= |degree=Bachelor of Science |location= |publisher=Worcester Polytechnic Institute |url-status=live |access-date=4 November 2025}}</nowiki></ref>{{original research inline|date=August 2016}}
* [[Dagger-axe]] (Ji or Ge): A variant of Chinese [[polearm]]-like weapon with a divided two-part head, composed of the usual straight blade and a [[scythe]]-like blade. The straight blade is used to stab or feint, then the foe's body or head may be cut by pulling the scythe-like horizontal blade backwards. Ge has the horizontal blade but sometimes does not have the straight spear.
* [[Dane axe]]: a long-handled weapon with a large flat blade, often attributed to the [[Norsemen]].
* [[Halberd]]: a spear-like weapon with a hooked poll, effective against mounted [[cavalry]].
* [[Head axe]]: a type of thin-bladed axe with a distinctive shape specialized for [[headhunting]] from the [[Cordilleran peoples]] of the Philippines.
* [[Hurlbat]]: An entirely metal throwing axe sharpened on every auxiliary end to a point or blade, practically guaranteeing some form of damage against its target.
* [[Ono (weapon)|Ono]]: a [[Japanese people|Japanese]] weapon wielded by ''[[sōhei]]'' [[warrior monk]]s.
* [[Panabas]]: A chopping bladed tool or weapon from the Philippines often described as a cross between a sword and a battle axe.
* [[Parashu]]: The '''parashu''' ({{langx|sa|paraṣu}}) is an Indian battle-axe. It is generally wielded with two hands but could also be used with only one. It is depicted as the primary weapon of [[Parashurama]], the 6th Avatar of Lord [[Vishnu]] in [[Hinduism]].
* [[Poleaxe]]: designed to defeat [[plate armour]]. Its axe (or hammer) head is much narrower than other axes, which accounts for its penetrating power.
* [[Sagaris]]: An ancient weapon used by [[Scythians]].
* [[Shepherd's axe]]: used by shepherds in the [[Carpathian Mountains]], it could double as a walking stick.
* [[Throwing axe]]: A weapon that was thrown and designed to strike with a similar splitting action as its handheld counterparts. These are often small in profile and usable with one hand.
* [[Tomahawk]]: used almost exclusively by Native Americans, its blade was originally crafted of stone. Along with the familiar war version, which could be fashioned as a throwing weapon, the pipe tomahawk was a ceremonial and diplomatic tool.
* [[Battle axe#China|Yue]]: A Chinese weapon with very large axe blade, also served as [[ceremonial weapon]].

===Axes as tools=== 
[[File:Jack of Clubs Throwing Axe.jpg|thumb|upright|A sport throwing axe embedded into a wood target.]]
* [[Ice axe]] or '''climbing axe''': A number of different styles of ice axes are designed for [[ice climbing]] and enlarging steps used by climbers.
* [[Mattock]]: A dual-purpose axe, combining an adze and axe blade, or sometimes a pick and adze blade.
* [[Pickaxe]]: An axe with a large pointed end, rather than a flat blade. Sometimes exists as a double-bladed tool with a pick on one side and an axe or adze head on the other. Often used to break up hard material.
* [[Pulaski (tool)|Pulaski]]: An axe with a [[mattock]] blade built into the rear of the main axe blade, used for digging ('grubbing out') through and around roots as well as chopping.
* [[Splitting maul]]: A splitting implement that has evolved from the simple "wedge" design to more complex designs.

===Axes for sport===

* [[Throwing axe]]: A tool that was thrown and designed to strike wooden targets and stay embedded in the target to score points in sport throwing competitions such as those hosted by the [[World Axe Throwing League]].<ref>Geno Perez [https://spectrumnews1.com/wi/milwaukee/news/2025/04/03/axe-knife-throwing-championships "Hundreds travel to compete in the World Axe & Knife Throwing Championships in Appleton"]</ref> These can range from axes that are small in profile and usable with one hand, or longer axes thrown with two hands.
* [[Racing axe]]: A tool designed for competitive wood chopping sports such as the [[Stihl Timbersports Series]].<ref>engineeredforaxemen.com.au [https://engineeredforaxemen.com.au/ "The Basics of Racing Axes"] </ref>{{unreliable source|date=October 2025}}

==Hammer axe==
Hammer axes (or axe-hammers) typically feature an extended poll, opposite the blade, shaped and sometimes hardened for use as a [[hammer]]. The name axe-hammer is often applied to a characteristic shape of perforated stone axe used in the [[Neolithic]] and [[Bronze Age]]s. Iron axe-hammers are found in Roman military contexts, e.g. [[Cramond]], [[Edinburgh]], and [[South Shields]], [[Tyne and Wear]].{{citation needed|date=March 2016}}

==See also==
* [[Axe murder]]
* [[Cleaving axe]]
* [[Corded Ware culture]]
* [[Fasces]]
* [[Kaiser blade]]
* [[Nzappa zap]]
* [[Sagaris]]

'''Related forestry terms'''
* [[Felling]]
* [[Hewing]]
* [[Limbing]]
* [[Pruning]]
* [[Splitting maul]]
* [[Woodchopping]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
'''Neolithic axes'''
* Borkowski, W. (1995). ''Krzemionki mining complex''. Warsaw.
* Bradley, R.; Edmonds, M. (1993). ''Interpreting the axe trade: production and exchange in Neolithic Britain''.
* Pétrequin, P. (1995). ''La hache de pierre: carrières vosgiennes et échanges de lames polies pendant le néolithique (5400 – 2100 av. J.-C.)''. (''exposition musées d'Auxerre Musée d'Art et d'Histoire''). Paris: Ed. Errance {{in lang|fr}}.
* Pétrequin P.; Pétrequin, A.M. (1993). ''Écologie d'un outil: la hache de pierre en [[Irian Jaya]] (Indonésie)''. Paris: CNRS Éditions, Mongr. du Centre Rech. Arch. 12 {{in lang|fr}}.

'''Medieval axes'''
* Schulze, André (editor) (2007). ''Mittelalterliche Kampfesweisen. Band 2: Kriegshammer, Schild und Kolben''. Mainz am Rhein: Zabern. {{ISBN|3-8053-3736-1}} {{in lang|de}}.

'''Modern axes'''
* Kauffman, Henry J. (1994). ''American Axes: A Survey of their Development and their Makers''. Elverson, Pennsylvania: Olde Springfield Shoppe. 152 pp. {{ISBN|188329412-6}}.
* {{cite book |last1=Klenman |first1=Allan |last2=McPhail |first2=Larry |title=Axe Makers of North America: A Collection of Axe History & Manufacturers |date=2006 |publisher=Print & Copy Factory LLC |location=Bellingham, Washington |isbn=0-9690755-4-5}} 160 pp.
* McLeod, Brett (2020). ''American Axe: The Tool That Shaped A Continent''. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. 192 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-63586-139-6}}.
* Reissinger, Gottfried (1959). ''Die Konstruktionsgrundlagen der Axt''. Hamburg: Parey. {{ISBN|978-3490211163}} {{in lang|de}}.

'''Superstition'''
* H. Bächtold-Stäubli, H. (1987). ''Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens''. Berlin: De Gruyter {{in lang|de}}.

==External links==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{wiktionary}}
{{Commons}}
{{Commons category|Axes}}
* Section about types of axes is originally based on a [[Quicksilver Wiki]] article at {{URL|1=http://www.metaweb.com/wiki/wiki.phtml?title=A_Glossary_of_Terms_For_Traditional_Timber_Framing_(Timberbee)|2=the timber framing glossary}} under the terms of the [[GNU Free Documentation License]].

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[[Category:Woodworking hand tools]]
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Daler Mehndi

2026-03-14T13:44:48Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|Indian singer (born 1967)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Daler Mehndi
| image = Daler Mehndi.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Mehndi performing live in 2015
| landscape = no
| alias =
| genre = [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]] [[Indi-pop]]
| birth_name = Daler Singh
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1967|August|18}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nene |first1=Chhaya |title=10 Facts You Didn't Know About Daler Mehndi |url=https://www.india.com/arts-and-culture/10-facts-you-didnt-know-about-daler-mehndi-1416002/ |access-date=22 June 2019 |work=[[India.com]] |date=18 August 2016 }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Patna]], Bihar, India
|module3={{Infobox person
| child = yes
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]<ref name=economictimes/>
}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|record producer}}
| years_active = 1990–present
| label = {{Flatlist|* D Records}}
| website = {{URL|dalermehndi.com}}
| module =
{{infobox person | embed = yes
| family = [[Mika Singh]] (brother)
}}
| module2 =
{{infobox criminal
| child = yes
| conviction = [[Human trafficking]]
| criminal_penalty = 2 years in prison ([[Suspended sentence|suspended]] after 2 months)
| conviction_status = Released
}}
}}

'''Daler Singh''' (born 18 August 1967), better known as '''Daler Mehndi''', is an Indian singer, songwriter, author, and record producer. He has helped to make [[Bhangra (music)|Bhangra]] popular worldwide, as well as [[Indian pop]] music independent of [[Bollywood music]]. He is known for his dance songs, [[turban]], and long flowing robes.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Entertainment/Music/I-m-proud-to-be-from-Bihar-Daler-Mehndi/Article1-1033035.aspx/ |title=I'm proud to be from Bihar: Daler Mehndi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=26 March 2013 |access-date=22 July 2014 |location=Patna|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921004213/http://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/music/i-m-proud-to-be-from-bihar-daler-mehndi/article1-1033035.aspx |archive-date=21 September 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dalermehndi.com/blog/an-aureate-voice/|title=An Aureate Voice – Daler Mehndi|work=dalermehndi.com|access-date=17 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617170343/http://dalermehndi.com/blog/an-aureate-voice/|archive-date=17 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Early life==
Daler Mehndi was born in [[Patna]], Bihar, India in a [[Punjabi Sikhs|Punjabi]] [[Sikh]] family.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rai |first1=Rajesh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YzkrDwAAQBAJ&q=daler+mehndi+mirasi+caste&pg=PA105 |title=Religion and Identity in the South Asian Diaspora |last2=Sankaran |first2=Chitra|date=5 July 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-55159-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Naina |title=Daler Mehendi against jokes on Sardars, says Sikhs should be respected |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/daler-mehendi-against-jokes-on-sardars-says-sikhs-should-be-respected/story-CLOBvo9Aaan0pySPT9VYjO.html |access-date=6 August 2022 |work=Hindustan Times |date=19 February 2016}}</ref> In 1991, he formed his group, composed of his brothers, cousins, and friends. In 1994, he was awarded the Voice of Asia International Ethnic and Pop Music Contest in 1994 in [[Almaty]], Kazakhstan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myswar.com/artist/daler-mehndi/|title = Daler Mehndi|publisher=myswar.com|date=22 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322212609/http://myswar.co/artist/daler-mehndi|archive-date=22 March 2019|access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref>

==Music career==
[[File:Recording for Chaalis Chauraasi.jpg|thumb|Song recording for the 2012 Bollywood film ''[[Chaalis Chauraasi]]'']]

[[Magnasound]] signed Mehndi for a three-album contract for three years. ''[[Bolo Ta Ra Ra]]'', Mehndi's debut album, sold over 20 million copies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/biography-63087.html|title=Daler Mehndi Bio|access-date=4 May 2016|work=in.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319094302/http://www.in.com/daler-mehndi/biography-63087.html|archive-date=19 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The album established Daler as a pop star,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/daler-mehndi/videos/sade-dil-te-ffcxqvApT8E-63087.html/|title=Daler Mehndi|publisher=ibnlive.in.com|access-date=22 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729033343/http://topic.ibnlive.in.com/daler-mehndi/videos/sade-dil-te-ffcxqvApT8E-63087.html/|archive-date=29 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> which also won him the Channel V's Best Indian Male Pop Artist Award. A year later, his second album under Magnasound, ''Dardi Rab Rab'', was launched. This album surpassed the sales of ''Bolo Ta Ra Ra''. He was nominated in three categories at the [[Channel V]] Music Awards and won the Channel V Best Indian Male Artist Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec13/sunday/filmtv.htm/ |title=A night laced with pep and music |work=The Tribune |date=13 December 1998 |access-date=22 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016051604/http://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec13/sunday/filmtv.htm |archive-date=16 October 2013 }}</ref>

In 1997, he released his third album, ''Balle Balle''. This got him Channel V Awards in six categories.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/30899147.cms/|title = Daler Mehndi|work=The Times of India|date=10 December 2002 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> Like his previous albums, ''Balle Balle'' went [[Indian Music Industry|multi-platinum]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kumar |first1=Raj |title=Essays on Indian Music |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=9788171417193 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wwwX6DWfn3gC&pg=PA18}}</ref> The same year, Mehndi composed and performed the popular track "Na Na Na Re" for the [[Bollywood]] film ''[[Mrityudata]]'', where he featured on the big screen with [[Amitabh Bachchan]]. The film's [[Bollywood soundtrack]] album sold 1.5{{nbsp}}million units in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Music Hits 1990–1999 (Figures in Units) |url=http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205042906/http://boxofficeindia.com/showProd.php?itemCat=284&catName=MTk5MC0xOTk5 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 February 2010 |publisher=[[Box Office India]] |access-date=5 February 2010}}</ref>

In 1998, he released "[[Tunak Tunak Tun]]", which had a music video produced on a then [[List of most expensive music videos|unprecedented budget]] of {{INR|25 million|link=yes}}<ref>{{cite journal |title=Better luck next time: Daler Mehndi |journal=[[Rashtriya Sahara]] |year=1998 |volume=6 |issue=7–12 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7QJuAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Sahara India Mass Communication |quote=With sum of [[Indian rupee|Rs]] 2.5{{nbsp}}[[Crore]]s Daler was supposed to make Music Video.}}</ref> ({{US$|{{#expr:25000000/41.259 round -4}}|long=no}}),<ref>{{cite web |title=Official exchange rate (LCU per US$, period average) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.FCRF?end=1998&locations=IN&start=1998 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |year=1997 |access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> equivalent to {{INR|{{Inflation|IN|25|1998}} million}} ({{US$|{{To USD|80|IND}} million|long=no}}) adjusted for inflation. The song and video was a success in India, cementing Mehndi's status as India's biggest popstar at the time,<ref name="billboard">{{cite magazine |title=Bhangra Beat Transforms Indipop Scene |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=25 September 1999 |volume=111 |issue=39 |page=101 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cAgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA101}}</ref> later becoming an international success.<ref name="billboard"/> The album won the award for Best Indian Pop Album at the 1998 [[Screen Awards]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Award Winners |url=http://www.expressindia.com/screen/awards/eve.htm |website=[[Screen (magazine)|Screen]] |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19991022044355/http://www.expressindia.com/screen/awards/eve.htm |archive-date=22 October 1999}}</ref>

In 2000, Mehndi released his album ''Ek Dana'' with the music label [[Tips Industries Limited|TIPS Music]]. The album had a mix of genres ranging from [[Folk music of Punjab|folk]], rock, and pop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000818/art-trib.htm#4|title = Daler Mehndi in his element|work=The Tribune|date=18 August 2000 |access-date= 16 March 2016}}</ref> One of the more popular songs of the album ''Sajan Mere Satrangiya'' featured Indian actress [[Priyanka Chopra]] in the video.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-priyanka-chopra-daler-mehndi-video-319389|title = Viral Video: Watch Priyanka Chopra as 'Cinderella' in this old song of Daler Mehndi|publisher=indiatvnews.com|author=India TV News|date=16 March 2016 |access-date= 16 March 2016}}</ref> This video was released in [[Miss World 2010|the year]] that Chopra won the [[Miss World]] title. Subsequently, Mehndi signed up with [[Universal Music]] in 2001 and released a new track "Kala Kauwa Kaat Khayega". In 2003, Mehndi forayed into playback singing for films. He started with the song "Ru-Ba-Ru" for the film ''[[Maqbool]]''. The same year Daler and [[A.R Rahman]] came together to give another track "Nach Le" for ''[[Lakeer – Forbidden Lines]]'' which the song reused "Thaniye" from the Tamil-Telugu film ''[[Rhythm (2000 film)|Rhythm]]''. He fused Rock with Bhangra with his next album titled ''Mojaan Laen Do'' and in 2004 he self-produced ''Shaa Ra Ra''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gibsonguitar.in/News-Lifestyle/Features/hi-in/Reviving-the-Punjabi-Beat--Daler-Mehndi.aspx/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726214701/http://www.gibsonguitar.in/News-Lifestyle/Features/hi-in/Reviving-the-Punjabi-Beat--Daler-Mehndi.aspx/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2014 |title=Reviving the Punjabi Beat: Daler Mehndi |publisher=gibsonguitar.in |date=11 August 2011 |access-date=22 July 2014 }}</ref>

In March 2014, [[Deadmau5]] and Mehndi made a remix of Mehndi's 1998 hit "[[Tunak Tunak Tun]]" performed by the duo.<ref>{{cite news |first=Vibha |last=Kumar |date=16 March 2014 |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/this-canadian-singer-is-a-fan-of-daler-mehndi/article1-1195856.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527103741/http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/this-canadian-singer-is-a-fan-of-daler-mehndi/article1-1195856.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=27 May 2015 |title=This Canadian singer is a fan of Daler Mehndi |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blog.lessthan3.com/2014/03/deadmau5-daler-mehndi-richie-hawtin/|title=deadmau5 Speeds With Daler Mehndi, Spins With Richie Hawtin|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709221143/http://blog.lessthan3.com/2014/03/deadmau5-daler-mehndi-richie-hawtin/|archive-date=9 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On Navratri 2014, Mehndi composed and recorded his rendition of the 'Hanuman Chalisa' overnight while working at his studio in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/92170/navratri-comes-with-a-gift-from-musical-genius-daler-mehndi/|title=Navratri comes with a gift from musical genius Daler Mehndi|work=santabanta.com}}</ref> Daler Mehndi, feeling inspired during the festival of Navratri, composed and record his rendition of the 'Hanuman Chalisa' in the DM Folk Studio.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yash |first1=Mr |date=2024-11-06 |title=Daler Mehndi Releases Devotional Rendition of 'Hanuman Chalisa' - YPBB News |work=YPBB News |url=https://www.ypbbnews.com/entertainment/music/daler-mehndi-releases-devotional-rendition-of-hanuman-chalisa/ |access-date=2025-01-06 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In September 2014, Mehndi released his song 'Aaja Mere Twitter Te' to encourage users to visit his Twitter account and Facebook page.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ishare.rediff.com/video/entertainment/aaja-mere-twitter-te-twitter-song/9805468|title=Aaja mere twitter te twitter song Video – Rediff Videos|work=Rediff.com}}</ref>

On 6 November 2014, Mehndi released his album 'Best of Gurbani' on the occasion of [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/Daler-Mehndi-launches-Best-of-Gurbani-on-Guru-Nanak-Jayanti/articleshow/45055955.cms|title=Daler Mehndi launches 'Best of Gurbani' on Guru Nanak Jayanti|work=The Times of India |date=6 November 2014 |access-date=6 November 2014}}</ref>

===Tours===
In 1998, Mehndi was signed by [[Coca-Cola]] for product endorsement and was featured in 30 concerts across India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/coke-celebrates-125-years-with-king-bhangra-daler-mehndi/|title = Coke celebrates 125 years with King of Bhangra Daler Mehndi|publisher=radioandmusic.com|date=10 May 2011 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> He has performed worldwide including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, the [[United Arab Emirates]], South Africa, East Africa, [[Oman]], [[Kuwait]], [[Bahrain]], [[Malaysia]], [[Pakistan]], Hong Kong, Singapore, [[West Indies]], [[Belgium]], and the [[Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/US-goes-Balle-Balle-with-Daler-Mehndi/articleshow/24330921.cms/|title = US goes 'Balle Balle' with Daler Mehndi|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com/|date=18 October 2013 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref>

On 29 September 2013, Daler performed at the YouFest festival in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/Daler-Mehndi-all-set-to-rock-YOUFEST-in-Spain/articleshow/16525729.cms/|title = Daler Mehndi – all set to rock YOUFEST in Spain|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com/|date=24 September 2012 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/daler-mehndi-to-recreate-tunak-euphoria-at-youfest/|title=Daler Mehndi To Recreate Tunak Euphoria at YouFest|publisher=weeklyvoice.com/|date=24 September 2012|access-date=22 July 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728082426/http://www.weeklyvoice.com/community-news/daler-mehndi-to-recreate-tunak-euphoria-at-youfest/|archive-date=28 July 2014}}</ref> He has had an advent with Canadian [[electronic dance music]] artist [[Deadmau5]] in a [[Lamborghini Murciélago LP670-4 SuperVeloce]], Daler featured on his tour in India and together they produced an EDM remixed version of "[[Tunak Tunak Tun]]".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news-and-interviews/Deadmau5-to-go-Tunak-Tunak-Tun/articleshow/31317279.cms/ | title=Deadmau5 to go Tunak Tunak Tun? | work=[[The Times of India]]| publisher=[[Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd.]] | date=3 March 2014 | access-date=22 July 2014}}</ref>

In August 2014, Mehndi was invited as the guest of honour along with U.S Congressman [[Pete Sessions]] for the closing bell ceremony at [[NASDAQ]] Stock Exchange in New York, after which he performed at the National Indian American Public Policy Institute Azadi Diwas (NIAPPI) celebrations on the occasion of the 65th [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://urbanasian.com/bollywood/2014/08/daler-mehndi-graces-the-closing-bell-ceremony-at-nasdaq/|title = Reviving the Punjabi Beat: Daler Mehndi|publisher=gibsonguitar.in|date=11 August 2011 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref>

Mehndi delivered his first-ever performance in Kuwait on 5 September. Welcomed by a packed audience at the Al Daiya Indoor Stadium, he broke his record for the longest live performance without a break by performing for four and a half hours non-stop.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/King-Of-Pop-Daler-Mehndi-Rocks-Kuwait-hindi-news-113772|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140916100918/http://www.indiaglitz.com/king-of-pop-daler-mehndi-rocks-kuwait-hindi-news-113772|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 September 2014|title=King of Pop Daler Mehndi rocks Kuwait|work=indiaglitz.com}}</ref>

The concert organised by the Indian Cultural Society (ICS) has been named 'Bolo Ta Ra Ra Ra' in honour of Daler Mehndi's globally popular track by the same name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santabanta.com/bollywood/90723/daler-mehndi-to-make-kuwait-say-ta-ra-ra-ra/|title=Daler Mehndi to make Kuwait say 'Ta Ra Ra Ra'!|work=santabanta.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-to-make-kuwait-say-ta-ra-ra-ra-news-default-ojdxNwjbdafgd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924215016/http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-to-make-kuwait-say-ta-ra-ra-ra-news-default-ojdxNwjbdafgd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Daler Mehndi to make Kuwait say 'Ta Ra Ra Ra'!|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/news/1-134535/daler-mehndi-to-make-kuwait-say-ta-ra-ra-ra|title=Daler Mehndi to Make Kuwait say 'Ta Ra Ra Ra'! – Hindi Movie News|work=Bharatstudent}}</ref>

On the eve of [[Guru Nanak Jayanti]], Mehndi was invited to Ulhas Nagar to perform at the world's largest Prabhat Pheri.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-performs-at-prabhat-pheri-in-maharashtra-news-default-ollxKoddhacgf.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150127225345/http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-performs-at-prabhat-pheri-in-maharashtra-news-default-ollxKoddhacgf.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 January 2015|title = Daler Mehndi performs at Prabhat Pheri in Maharashtra|website=sify.com//|date=11 November 2014 |access-date= 11 November 2014}}</ref>

In November 2014, Mehndi visited [[Mandsaur]], Madhya Pradesh for a performance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thecitynews.in/daler-rocks-mandsaur-mp/|title=Daler rocks Mandsaur in MP|publisher=thecitynews.in|date=23 November 2014|access-date=23 November 2014|archive-url=https://archive.today/20141130054608/http://thecitynews.in/daler-rocks-mandsaur-mp/|archive-date=30 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In November 2014, Mehndi was invited to [[Nigeria]] for a performance to celebrate Diwali. This was the second time the musician has performed in the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/events/55733.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216135501/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/Events/55733.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 December 2014|title = Daler Mehndi Rocks Nigeria Once.More|work=indiaglitz.com|date=23 November 2014 |access-date= 23 November 2014}}</ref>

== Artistry ==
Mehndi is credited for creating a genre called "Rabbabi", a combination of [[Thumri]], [[Sufi]], and rock and creating an instrument called "Swar Mandir" that combines influences from the [[Rebab|Rabab]], [[Swarmandal]], and [[Tanpura]]. The instrument was crafted by Sanjay Rikhi Ram from Delhi and was launched on 10 February 2012 by the [[Indian classical music]] maestro, [[Bharat Ratna]] awardee Pandit [[Ravi Shankar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/strings-of-change/|title = Strings of Change|publisher=indianexpress.com//|date=15 February 2012 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref>

==Business ventures==
Mehndi launched his maiden Record Label 'DRecords' in the year 2000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaprofile.com/religion-culture/bhangra.htm|title = Bhangra – A Celebration Past Cultural Barriers|publisher=indiaprofile.com|date=10 August 2010 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> The record label has several artists under its banner including Hussain Baksh and Safri Boys.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/i-m-too-expensive-for-bollywood-playback-singing-daler-mehndi/article1-1188890.aspx |title=I'm too expensive for Bollywood playback singing: Daler Mehndi |work=Hindustan Times |date=27 February 2014 |access-date=22 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323070241/http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/chandigarh/i-m-too-expensive-for-bollywood-playback-singing-daler-mehndi/article1-1188890.aspx |archive-date=23 March 2014 }}</ref>

==Pop culture==
Mehndi's "[[Tunak Tunak Tun]]" has found popularity on the internet as a [[viral video]], with the official [[YouTube]] video gaining over 200 million views as of November 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Daler Mehndi - Tunak Tunak Tun Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTIIMJ9tUc8 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/vTIIMJ9tUc8| archive-date=12 December 2021 |url-status=live|website=YouTube |publisher=SonyMusicIndiaVEVO |access-date=26 April 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The video game company [[Blizzard Entertainment]] incorporated the Tunak Tunak Tun dance as a character animation in their multiplayer role playing game [[World of Warcraft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asiancorrespondent.com/35678/daler-mehndi-tunaks-his-way-into-world-of-warcraft/|title=Daler Mehndi Tunaks his way into World of Warcraft|publisher=asiancorrespondent.com/|date=18 March 2008|access-date=22 July 2014|archive-date=22 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722185909/http://asiancorrespondent.com/35678/daler-mehndi-tunaks-his-way-into-world-of-warcraft/|url-status=dead}}</ref> This dance is also included as an easter egg in the video game Medal of Honor: Allied Assault: Spearhead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eeggs.com/items/39029.html|title=Medal Of Honor: Allied Assault: Spearhead Easter Egg - Make the Player Models Dance|website=www.eeggs.com|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
===Family life===
Mehndi is the brother of singers [[Mika Singh]] and Shamsher Singh.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mika-singh-elder-brother-ustad-shamsher-singh-dead-celebs-post-condolences-4881546/|title=Mika Singh's elder brother Ustad Shamsher Singh dead. Celebs post condolences|date=9 October 2017|website=The Indian Express|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> Mehndi is married to Taranpreet Kaur.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsworldplus.com/daler-mehndi-weds-again-with-taranpreet-kaur.html|title=Daler Mehndi weds again|publisher=newsworldplus.com/date=18 March 2008|access-date=22 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129044846/http://www.newsworldplus.com/daler-mehndi-weds-again-with-taranpreet-kaur.html|archive-date=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> He has four children – Gurdeep Mehndi, Ajit Kaur Mehndi, Prabhjot Kaur Mehndi, and Rabaab Kaur Mehndi. His daughter Ajit Kaur Mehndi is married to [[Navraj Hans]], son of Punjabi singer [[Hans Raj Hans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/Hans-Raj-Hans-elder-son-ties-the-know-with-Daler-Mehndis-daughter-Ajit-in-Gurgaon/articlephotos/25511671.cms|title = Daler Mehndi's daughter ties the knot with Hans Raj Hans' elder son|publisher=timesofindia.com/|date=18 March 2008 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> Gurdeep Mehndi married [[Non-resident Indian|NRI]] model, Jessica Singh in 2016.<ref>{{cite news |title=Daler Mehndi's Son Gurdeep Marries NRI Model Jessica |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/daler-mehndis-son-gurdeep-marries-nri-model-jessica-1268609.html |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=News18 |date=12 July 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, Mehndi was convicted of [[human trafficking]] and was sentenced to two years in prison. After serving around two months, his sentence was [[Suspended sentence|suspended]] and he was released.<ref name="bbc"/>

===Philanthropy===

====Daler Mehndi Green Drive====
In 1998, Mehndi launched the "Daler Mehndi Green Drive", inducted in the Special Task Force of the Delhi Government.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news-and-interviews/Daler-Mehndi-goes-Green/articleshow/8712366.cms|title = Daler Mehndi goes Green|publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com/|date=3 June 2011 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> The drive has planted over 1.2 million saplings in and around Delhi.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samachar.com/Daler-Mehndi-goes-Green-lgdrTxddfdf.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140726214819/http://www.samachar.com/Daler-Mehndi-goes-Green-lgdrTxddfdf.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2014 |title=Daler Mehndi goes Green |publisher=samachar.com |date=3 June 2011 |access-date=22 July 2014 }}</ref><ref name=Green>{{cite news|last1=Jha|first1=Sumit|title=Daler Mehndi goes Green|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Daler-Mehndi-goes-Green/articleshow/8712366.cms|access-date=19 August 2018|newspaper=The Times of India|issue=NGO|date=3 June 2011}}</ref>

====Charitable causes====
Mehndi has performed for charity for [[Imran Khan]]'s Shaukat Khanum Memorial Trust in Pakistan and helped raise $5 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/04/02/stories/2004040200210200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041125101310/http://www.hindu.com/lf/2004/04/02/stories/2004040200210200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 November 2004|title = Bhangra diplomacy|date=2 April 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> Mehndi supports charitable causes such as cancer, [[thalassemia]], and AIDS, and has helped to bring up the homeless children of [[Kenya]] as well as famine-stricken families in Kalahandi in [[Orissa, India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3218307.stm|title = The man with the diamond in his turban|publisher=BBC|date=27 October 2003 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> He financially supported the families of [[Kargil]] martyrs by donating to the Indian government's Kargil Victims' Relief Fund. Mehndi was one of the first celebrities to go and visit the soldiers at Kargil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20020715/login/music.htm|title = Green singer, evergreen songs|work=The Tribune|date=15 July 2002 |access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref> Mehndi has constructed earthquake-resistant houses for the [[2001 Gujarat earthquake|Gujarat earthquake]] victims; he donated money and performed to raise money for Gujarat cyclone and quake victims, and for police welfare funds. He has donated {{INR}}10 million in [[Vadodra|Vadodara]] for the victims of the cyclone in the government aid fund. He took upon himself the reconstruction of a block devastated in the Gujarat quake in Doodhiya village.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/21/stories/2003052100210300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030704214913/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2003/05/21/stories/2003052100210300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 July 2003|title = A bhangra blast from Daler|date=21 May 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date= 22 July 2014}}</ref>

Mehndi has set up a Daler Mehndi Food for Life Society in Chander Vihar, Delhi, where a 24-hour kitchen provides food to the destitute and the underprivileged. Mehndi has constructed a Gurudwara Dukh Bhanjani Sahib where every morning people from all castes and religions join together and offer service in the name of god. Mehndi is the only known Indian artist to be invited by the President of [[Pakistan]] as a state guest. He gifted his album ''Bismillah'' to the President Zardari of Pakistan and the funds generated from its sale were given to the President's charitable fund.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/indi-pop-king-daler-mehndi-sureeli-baat |title=Indi-pop king Daler Mehndi on Sureeli Baat |publisher=radioandmusic.com |date=6 September 2013 |access-date=22 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729005850/http://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news-releases/indi-pop-king-daler-mehndi-sureeli-baat |archive-date=29 July 2014 }}</ref>

Mehndi voiced his protest against the International Basketball Federation's ([[FIBA]]) controversial ruling on the use of [[turban]]s while playing. The singer made a video to raise awareness about the issue and to have the policy changed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-protests-against-fibas-turban-ban-news-default-ojcalqafdggea.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924215012/http://www.sify.com/news/daler-mehndi-protests-against-fibas-turban-ban-news-default-ojcalqafdggea.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Daler Mehndi protests against FIBA's turban ban |work=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bollywoodlife.com/news/daler-mehndi-protests-international-basketball-federations-turban-ban/ |title=Daler Mehndi protests International Basketball Federation's turban ban |website=bollywoodlife.com |date=September 2014 |access-date=4 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bharatstudent.com/news/1-134480/daler-mehndi-condemns-fibas-turban-ban|title=Daler Mehndi Condemns FIBA's Turban Ban – Hindi Movie News |work=Bharatstudent}}</ref>

===Politics===
Mehndi joined the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] on 26 April 2019.<ref name=economictimes>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/bjp-adds-another-star-to-the-list-as-daler-mehndi-joins-party/articleshow/69056261.cms?from=mdr|title=BJP adds another star to the list as Daler Mehndi joins party|date=26 April 2019|work=The Economic Times|access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>

=== Human trafficking conviction ===
Mehndi and six others were accused in 2003 of cheating people of large sums of money by falsely promising to take them to America.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43428622|title=India singer Daler Mehndi convicted for smuggling migrants|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=18 March 2018|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> In March 2018, Mehndi was sentenced to two years in prison by [[Patiala]] court in a human trafficking case. The singer and his brother Shamsher were charged for illegally sending people abroad as a part of their dance troupes. Daler was arrested after registration of the case and released on bail after a few days.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/daler-mehndi-convicted-and-sentenced-to-two-years-imprisonment-in-2003-human-trafficking-case/articleshow/63330683.cms|title=Daler Mehndi sentenced to two years imprisonment in 2003 human trafficking case, gets bail|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=16 March 2018|access-date=16 March 2018}}</ref> Mehndi said he will appeal against the conviction in a higher court.<ref name="bbc"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/mehndi-bollywood-smuggling-1.4580079 |title=Bollywood singer Daler Mehndi sentenced to jail after human trafficking conviction |publisher=[[CBC News]] |date=16 March 2018}}</ref>

The Patiala court dismissed his appeal in 2022 and upheld the two year imprisonment, but shortly thereafter his sentence was suspended by the Punjab and Haryana high court and Mehndi was granted bail in September 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last=Goyal |first=Divya |title=Immigration fraud case: Daler Mehndi sent to jail as court upholds Punjabi singer's conviction |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ludhiana/daler-mehndi-sentenced-to-2-years-in-jail-8029456/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=14 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Surender |title=Punjabi pop singer Daler Mehndi gets bail in human trafficking case|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/punjabi-pop-singer-daler-mehndi-gets-bail-in-human-trafficking-case-101663242592662.html |access-date=15 October 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=November 2020}}
{{Div col}}
* "No1 Bhapa Bhape da rabb rakha"
* ''[[Bolo Ta Ra Ra..]]'' – 1995
* ''Dardi Rab Rab'' – 1996
* ''Ho Jayegi Balle Balle'' – 1997
* ''The Best of Daler Mehndi'' – album, 1998
* ''[[Tunak Tunak Tun]]'' – 1998
* ''Ek Dana'' – 2000
* ''Nabi Buba Nabi'' – 2001
* ''Lehriya'' – 2001
* ''Nach Ni Shaam Kaure'' – 2002
* ''Mojaan Laen Do'' – 2003
* ''Shaa Ra Ra Ra'' – 2004
* ''Destiny'' – 2005
* ''Raula Pai Gaya'' – 2007
* ''Eh Lai 100 Rupaiya'', 2008
* "300 Saal Guru De Naal", 2008
* "Dhoom Punjabi- IPL Kings XI Punjab Theme song" ,2008
* "Jago India", 2008
* ''Shamla Meri Koko'', 2008
* ''Jugni'', 2008
*''Jorsey,'' 2009
* "Mere Ram",2010
* "CWG Song- Khel Ley" ,2010
* ''Tunak Tunak Tumba'', 2011
* ''Bhalo Bhalo re Kirtaniya'', 2011
* ''Japji Sahib The Libreation Chant'', 2011
* "F1 Anthem - Hum Mein Hai Raftaar", 2011
* ''300 Saal Guru De Naal'', 2012
* ''Sai Da Malang'', 2012
* ''Maula Sai'', 2012
* ''Bismillah'', 2012
* ''Rajan Ke Raja'', 2012
* ''Sardaar'', 2013
* ''Allah Hu'', 2013
* ''Dukh Banjni Sahib'', 2013
* ''The Ultimate Truth Mool Mantra'', 2013
* ''Ik Ardaas Bhaat Kirat KI'', 2013
* ''Ik Fakir Vadda Mastana'', 2013
* ''Mere Raam Mere Raam'', 2013
* ''India India'', Patriot music album, 2013
* ''Cricket Nahi Yeh Tamasha Hai'', 2013
* ''Bhaag The Success Anthem'', 2013
* ''Namoh Namoh'', 2013
* ''Aaja Mere Twitter Te'', 2014
* ''Sona Roop Hai Peeli Peeli Sarson'', 2014
* ''Stop The Flight'', 2014
* ''Asi Tan Jithe'', 2014
* ''Dilruba'', 2014
* ''Baani Dasam Granth'', 2014
* ''Best of Gurbani'', 2014
* ''Radha Raman Hari Bol'', 2014
* ''Bhaag Khilad Bhaag'', 2014
* ''Party Punjabi'', 2015
* ''Sabhae Jee Samal'', 2015
* ''Safai Ki Dhun'', 2015
* ''Salla Vella Funda'', 2015
* ''Sohniye'', 2015
* ''Sabhae Jee Samal'', 2015
* ''Maa Padmavati'', 2015
* ''Om Mani Padme Hum'', 2015
* ''Khalsa'', 2015
* "Sabhae -Jee-Samaal" ,2015
* ''Baba Nanak Mere Naal Naal'', 2015
* ''Hori Khelungi Baba Bullehshah'', 2016
* ''Salok Mahalla 9 Jo Sukh Ko Chaahai Sadaa'', 2016
* ''350 Saal Sache Patshah Naal'', 2016
* ''Japji Sahib-with Church Organ'', 2016
* ''[[Saahore Baahubali]]'', 2017
* "Koee Jachdi Na Thaan" ,2017
* "Apne GharMein Shaadi Hai" , 2017
* ''Reddy Ikkada Soodu'', 2018
* ''Jaragandi (Telugu)'', 2024
* ''Jaragandi (Tamil)'', 2024
* ''Jaragandi (Hindi)'', 2024
{{Div col end}}

==Filmography==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=November 2020}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Song title
!Film title
!Co-singer
!Language
|-
|1997
|"Na Na Na Na Re"
|[[Mrityudata|''Mrityudatta'']]
|[[Sudesh Bhosle]]
| rowspan="13" |Hindi
|-
|1999
|"Kudiyan Shaher Diyan"
|''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]''
|[[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
|2000
|"Nach Baby Nach Kudi"
|''[[Khauff]]''
|[[Asha Bhosle]]
|-
|2003
|"Kajrare Kajrare Nainawale"
|''[[Chupke Se]]''
|solo
|-
| rowspan="3" |2004
|"Ru-Ba-Ru"
|''[[Maqbool]]''
|[[Rakesh Pandit]], [[Sabir Khan (musician)|Sabir Khan]], [[Dominique Cerejo]]
|-
|"Nachley"
|''[[Lakeer – Forbidden Lines]]''
|[[Kunal Ganjawala]]
|-
|Agar Zindagi Se
|''[[Wajahh: A Reason to Kill|Wajahh: A Reason To Kill]]''
| rowspan="2" |solo
|-
| rowspan="2" |2005
|"Ishq Aasan Hai"
|''[[Bullet: Ek Dhamaka]]''
|-
|"Bhool Na Jaying"
|''[[Ramji Londonwaley]]''
|[[Rakesh Pandit]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |2006
|"Rang De Basanti"
|''[[Rang De Basanti]]''
|[[K. S. Chithra]]
|-
|"Tutiya Ve"
|''[[Shaadi Se Pehle]]''
| rowspan="2" |solo
|-
| rowspan="9" |2007
|"Doha"
|''[[Just Married (2007 film)|Just Married]]''
|-
|"Hum Raks"
|''[[Kaafila]]''
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]]
|-
|"Rabbaru Gajulu"
|''[[Yamadonga]]''
|Rabbaru Gajulu
|Telugu
|-
|"Talwar Re"
| rowspan="3" |''[[Chhodon Naa Yaar]]''
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
| rowspan="7" |Hindi
|-
|"Talwar Re (Remix)"
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]], [[Anand Raaj Anand|Anand Raj Anand]]
|-
|"Talwar Re (Dhol Mix)"
|[[Sunidhi Chauhan]]
|-
|"Kash Laga"
|''[[No Smoking (2007 film)|No Smoking]]''
|[[Sukhwinder Singh]], [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
|-
|"Halla Bol"
|''[[Goal (2007 Hindi film)|Goal]]''
| rowspan="2" |solo
|-
|"Aasman Ko Chukar"
|''[[Return of Hanuman]]''
|-
| rowspan="1" |2024
|"Na Na Na Na Na Re"
|''[[Vicky Vidya Ka Woh Wala Video]]''
|Gurdeep Mehndi
|}
{{Div col}}
* ''[[Mrityudata|Mrityudatta]]'' – Na Na Na Na Na Re, 1997
* ''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]'' – Kudiyan Shehar Diyan, 1999
* ''[[Khauff]]'' – Ankh Ladti Hai, 2000
* ''[[Maqbool]]'' – Ru Ba Ru, 2003
* ''[[Chupke Se]]'' – Kajrare Kajrare Naino Wale, 2003
* ''Bullet Ek Dhmaka'' – Ishq Aasaan Hai, 2003
* ''[[Lakeer]]'' – Nach Le, 2004
* ''Wajah'' – Agar Zindagi Se, 2004
* ''[[Ramji Londonwaley|Ramji London Waley]]'' – Bhool Na Jaying, 2005
* ''[[Rang De Basanti]]'' – Rang De Basanti, 2006
* ''[[Shaadi Se Pehle|Shadi Se Pehle]]'' – Tuteya Ve Tuteya, 2006
* ''[[Chhodon Naa Yaar|Chodo Na Yaar]]'' – Talwar Re, 2007
* ''[[Hanuman Returns]]'' – Aasma Ko Chukar, 2007
* ''[[Goal (2007 Hindi film)|Goal]]'' – Halla Bol, 2007
* ''[[Just Married (2007 film)|Just Married]] '' – Doha, 2007
* ''[[Kaafila|Kafila]] '' – Hum Raks, 2007
* ''[[No Smoking (2007 film)|No Smoking]] '' – Kash Laga, 2007
* ''[[Yamadonga]]'' – Rabbaru Gajulu Rabbaru Gajulu, 2007
* ''[[Singh Is King]]'' – Bhootni Ke, 2008
* ''[[Ghatothkach]]'' – Maya Bazaar, 2008
* ''[[Sunday (2008 film)|Sunday]]'' – Loot Liya, 2008
* ''[[Victory (2008 film)|Victory]]'' – Balla Utha Chhakka Laga, 2008
* ''[[Mr. Black Mr. White]]'' – Tu Makke Di Roti Meri, 2008
* ''[[Money Hai Toh Honey Hai|Money Hai To Honey Hai]]'' – Rangeeli Raat, 2008
* ''[[Kuselan]]'' – Om Zaarare, 2008
* ''[[Kathanayakudu (2008 film)|Kathanayakudu]]'' - Om Zaarare, 2008
* ''[[Hello (2008 film)|Hello]]'' – Karle Baby Dance Wance, 2008
* ''[[Dhoom Dhadaka]]'' – Dhoom Dhadaka, 2008
* ''[[Kissan]]'' – Mere Desh Ki Dharti, 2009
* ''[[Ek Se Bure Do]]'' – Ishq Ke Zaat, 2009
* ''[[Magadheera]]'' – Chapana Chaptu, 2009
* ''[[Lahore (film)|Lahore]]'' – Musafir, 2010
* ''[[Dulha Mil Gaya]]'' – Dulha Mil Gaya, 2010
* ''[[Khatta Meetha (2010 film)|Khatta Meetha]]'' – Aila Re Aila, 2010
* ''[[Action Replayy]]'' – Zor Ka Jhatka, 2010
* ''[[Yamla Pagla Deewana]]'' – Chamki Jawani, 2011
* ''[[Teen Thay Bhai]]'' – Teen Thay Bhai, 2011
* ''[[Dear Friend Hitler]]'' – Hara Shwet Kesariya, 2011
* ''[[Miley Naa Miley Hum]]'' – Katto Gilheri, 2011
* ''[[Rascals (2011 film)|Rascal]]'' – Tik Tuk, 2011
* ''[[Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi]]'' – Love Kiya Aur Lag Gayi, 2011
* ''[[I Am Singh]]'' – 2 songs: Dukalaang Praanasi and I Am Singh, 2011
* ''[[Life Ki Toh Lag Gayi]]'' – Haryana Ka Sher, 2012
* ''[[Srimannarayana]]'' – Chalaaki Choopultho, 2012
* ''[[Joker (2012 film)|Joker]]'' – Sing Raja, 2012
* ''[[Chaalis Chauraasi]]'' – Badmast, 2012
* ''[[Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum]]'' – Hum Toh Hain Cappucino, 2012
* ''Sarsa'' – UNRELEASED, 2012
* ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' – Banti Poola Janki, 2013
* ''[[Commando (2013 film)|Commando]]'' – Lena Dena, 2013
* ''Sardaar'' – Ruk Ja Tham Ja, 2013
* ''[[Bhaag Milkha Bhaag]]'' – Gurbani, 2013
* ''[[War Chhod Na Yaar]]'' – Phat Gaya, 2013
* ''[[Besharam (2013 film)|Besharam]]'' – Chal Hand Utha Ke Nach Le, 2013
* ''[[Namo Boothatma]]'' – Paisa Paisa, 2014
* ''[[47 to 84]]'' – Beriyane Teriyane, 2014
* ''[[Yamaleela 2]]'' – O Thayaru, 2014
* ''[[Janiva (film)|Janiva]]'' – Moriya Moriya, 2014
* ''[[Goreyan Nu Daffa Karo]]'' – Dishkayon, 2014
* ''Kabab Mein Haddi'' – Kabab Mein Haddi, 2014
* ''[[Yoddha (2014 film)|Yoddha]]'' – Yoddha, 2014
* ''[[ABCD 2]]'' – Vande Mataram, 2015
* ''[[A Flying Jatt]]'' – Raj Karega Khalsa, 2016
* ''[[Mirzya (film)|Mirzya]]'' – Title song, 2016
* ''[[Saadey CM Saab]]'' – Dharti De Puttar Hain Ge Gabhru, 2016
* ''[[Dangal (2016 film)|Dangal]]'' – Title song, 2016
* ''[[Baahubali 2: The Conclusion]]''- [[Saahore Baahubali]]; Jiyo Re Bahubali, 2017
* ''[[Poster Boys (2017 film)|Poster Boys]]'' – Kudiyan Shehar Diyan, 2017
* ''[[Paisa Vasool (2017 film)|Paisa Vasool]]'' – Paisa Vasool, 2017
* ''Harjeeta'' – Dekhi Ja, 2018
* ''[[Soorma (film)|Soorma]]'' – Flicker Singh, 2018
* ''[[Gold (2018 film)|Gold]]'' – Title song, 2018
* ''[[Aravinda Sametha Veera Raghava]]'' – Reddy Ikkada Soodu, 2018
* ''[[Kaashi in Search of Ganga]]'' – Title Song, 2018
* ''[[Uri: The Surgical Strike]]'' – Jagga Jiteya, 2019
* ''[[Chhalaang]]'' - Le Chhalaang, 2020
* ''[[Hum Do Hamare Do]]'' - "Raula Pae Gayaa", 2021
* ''[[Atrangi Re]]'' - "Garda", 2021
* ''[[Animal (2023 Indian film)|Animal]]'' - "Arjan Vailly",2023
* ''[[Rang De Basanti (2024 film)|Rang De Basanti]]'' - (Bhojpuri film)
{{Div col end}}

==References==
<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|title=Watch: Jackie Chan goes Tunak tunak tun with Sonu Sood|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/hollywood/jackie-chan-goes-tunak-tunak-tun-with-sonu-sood-watch-2852142/|website=The Indian Express|date=14 June 2016}}</ref>
<ref>Tunak Tunak Tun makes it to Shazam's Popular Chartbuster in Europe{{cite web|title=Tunak Tunak Tun by Daler Mehndi|url=http://www.shazam.com/track/54163301/tunak-tunak-tun|website=www.shazam.com|ref=48}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|title=Daler Mehndi's voice for Mirzya, a Punjabi Folklore – Daler Mehndi|url=http://dalermehndi.com/blog/daler-mehndi-voice-mirzya/|website=dalermehndi.com|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629144801/http://dalermehndi.com/blog/daler-mehndi-voice-mirzya/|archive-date=29 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|title=Daler Mehndi receives Bharat Sewa Ratna Award – Daler Mehndi|url=http://dalermehndi.com/blog/daler-mehndi-receives-bharat-sewa-ratna-award/|website=dalermehndi.com|access-date=20 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160629162340/http://dalermehndi.com/blog/daler-mehndi-receives-bharat-sewa-ratna-award/|archive-date=29 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/entertainment/celebs/this-mashup-of-a-little-girl-hogging-on-food-with-daler-mehendi-s-tunak-tunak-is-going-crazy-viral-259272.html|title=This Mashup Of A Little Girl Hogging On Food With Daler Mehendi's Tunak Tunak Is Going Viral!|date=1 August 2016|website=indiatimes.com|access-date=30 December 2019}}</ref>
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mehndi, Daler}}
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian criminals]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian singers]]
[[Category:Bhangra (music) musicians]]
[[Category:Human trafficking in India]]
[[Category:Indian male singers]]
[[Category:Indian male singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian philanthropists]]
[[Category:Indian record producers]]
[[Category:Indian Sikhs]]
[[Category:Musicians from Patna]]
[[Category:Overturned convictions]]
[[Category:Performers of Sikh music]]
[[Category:People convicted of human trafficking]]
[[Category:Singers from Bihar]]

Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl

2026-03-06T15:55:17Z

Leonpcs: added stub

{{Short description|Indian mountaineer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Madam Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl
| image =
| caption = Mount Everest Expedition 2018
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1965|02|09|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Jammu]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sangeetasbahl.com/who-is-sangeeta-s-bahl/|title=Who is Sangeeta S Bahl — About |archive-date=2 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702035320/http://www.sangeetasbahl.com/who-is-sangeeta-s-bahl|website=Sangeeta S Bahl |id=(Old website)}}</ref> India
|spouse = Ankur Bahl<ref name="trib deny"/>
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| known_for = Summiting [[Mount Everest]] (2018), oldest Indian women mountaineer to summit Mount Everest at an age of 53 years.
| occupation = [[Mountain climber]] }}
'''Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl''' (born 9 February 1965)<ref name="self site"/> became the oldest Indian woman to climb the world's tallest peak ({{cvt|8848.86|m|disp=or}}), when she summited [[Mount Everest]] in May 2018, at the age of 53 years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/53-year-old-from-jammu-becomes-oldest-indian-woman-to-scale-mt-everest-5187517/|title=Gurgaon mountaineer Sangeeta becomes oldest Indian woman to climb Mt Everest|date=2018-05-23|newspaper=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=2018-05-25}}</ref> She also became the first woman from the [[States and union territories of India|Indian union territory]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] to scale the mountain.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/a-first-53-year-old-jammu-woman-conquers-everest/592907.html|title=A first: 53-year-old Jammu woman conquers Everest|date=2018-05-23|newspaper=The Tribune|language=en-IN|access-date=2018-05-25|archive-date=25 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180525021605/http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/a-first-53-year-old-jammu-woman-conquers-everest/592907.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bahl is a former [[Femina Miss India|Miss India]] finalist.<ref name=RL>{{Cite news |last=Amla |first=Jyotsna |date = 2018-05-23|work=RapidLeaks |url=https://rapidleaks.com/positive-stories/sangeeta-sindhi-bahl-india-oldest-woman-to-scale-mt-everest/ |title=Former Miss India Finalist Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl From J&K Becomes India's Oldest Woman To Scale Mt. Everest}}</ref>

==Mountaineering==
Sangeeta Bahl first took up mountain climbing at the age of 46.<ref name=maqbool>{{cite news |last1=Maqbool |first1=Majid |title=Mind over Everest |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/explore/mind-over-everest/article24112239.ece |work=The Hindu: BusinessLine |date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123123426/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/explore/mind-over-everest/article24112239.ece |archive-date=23 January 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Encouraged and trained by her husband Ankur Bahl, an already-accomplished mountaineer,<ref name="trib deny"/> she tackled [[Kilimanjaro]] ({{cvt|5895|m|disp=or}}) with him in 2011. Two years later, Bahl climbed [[Mount Elbrus]] ({{cvt|5642|m|disp=or}}), Europe's highest peak, before becoming, in 2014, the third Indian woman to climb Antarctica's [[Vinson Massif|Mount Vinson]] ({{cvt|4897|m|disp=or}}). One year later, she scaled [[Aconcagua]] ({{cvt|6962|m|disp=or}}), the highest peak of South America.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/53-year-old-from-jammu-becomes-oldest-indian-woman-to-scale-mt-everest-5187517/|title=Gurgaon mountaineer Sangeeta becomes oldest Indian woman to climb Mt Everest}}</ref>

===Mount Everest climb 2018===
Bahl's first attempt to climb [[Everest]] in 2017 failed due to [[altitude sickness]]. After fifty days on the mountain, symptoms of [[altitude sickness]] emerged and she had to be evacuated from a high-altitude base camp, along with six other climbers similarly affected.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/142419/sangeeta-bahl-53-year-old-jammu-india-oldest-woman-everest/|title=This Amazing 53-Year-Old From J&K Is India's Oldest Woman to Conquer Mt Everest |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230604183258/https://www.thebetterindia.com/142419/sangeeta-bahl-53-year-old-jammu-india-oldest-woman-everest/ |author=Rinchen Norbu Wangchuk |date=2018-05-22 |work=The Better India}}</ref> Bahl was struck with the illness despite having prepared by climbing two {{convert|6000|m|ft|adj=mid|disp=preunit|-plus}} mountains in the lead up.<ref name="Ghosh meet"/>

On 19 May 2018, she reached the summit of Everest at her second attempt. High winds and snowfalls added challenging conditions as Bahl made her final push to the summit, approaching from the [[South Col]]-side. She was supported in her ascent by two [[Sherpa people|Sherpa]]s as her [[mountain guide]]s, whom Bahl names as Ngaa Tenji and "Nurbu Sherpa". During this second attempt, Bahl did not suffer from any symptoms of altitude sickness, which she attributes to thorough preparation and rigorous training. In attaining the summit, Bahl surpassed [[Premlata Agrawal]]'s record as the oldest Indian woman to reach it, Agrawal having made the climb in 2011.<ref name=maqbool/>

===Seven Summits===
Bahl has completed climbs on six of the traditional [[Seven Summits]] of the world,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/a-first-53-year-old-jammu-woman-conquers-everest/592907.html|title=Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl- Climbing details of 5 peaks -|newspaper=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]|archive-date=21 September 2019|access-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921103123/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/a-first-53-year-old-jammu-woman-conquers-everest/592907.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> leaving only [[Denali]] in North America unscaled by her. In 2019, Bahl was in training to attempt a climb to the seventh summit.<ref name="Ghosh meet">{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Anindita |title=Meet mountaineer Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl |url=https://www.femina.in/achievers/meet-mountaineer-sangeeta-sindhi-bahl-121845.html |work=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] |date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090113/https://www.femina.in/achievers/meet-mountaineer-sangeeta-sindhi-bahl-121845.html |archive-date=29 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Vikas |title=Jammu woman all set to scale seventh summit |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/j-k/news-detail-770100 |work=The Tribune |date=9 May 2019}}</ref>

Details of the completed climbs are shown in the table below:

{{Sticky header}}{{Static row numbers}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header static-row-numbers"
!class="unsortable" |Image
!Peak
!Elevation
!Continent
!Date of Summit
|-
| [[File:Everest kalapatthar crop.jpg|100px]]
|data-sort-value="Everest, Mount" |[[Mount Everest]]
| {{Convert|8848|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| [[Asia]]
|2018 <ref>{{cite news |title=National Mountain Climbing Day: Indians who scaled Mount Everest |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/lifestyle/national-mountain-climbing-day-indians-who-scaled-mount-everest-14307992.htm |work=cnbctv18.com |date=31 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Aconcagua 13.JPG|100px]]
|[[Aconcagua]]
| {{Convert|6961|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|[[South America]]
|2015
|-
| [[File:Mt. Kilimanjaro 12.2006.jpg|100px]]
|[[Kilimanjaro]]
| {{Convert|5895|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|[[Africa]]
|
2011
|-
| [[File:Эльбрус с перевала Гумбаши.JPG|100px]]
|data-sort-value="Elbrus, Mount" |[[Mount Elbrus]]
| {{Convert|5642|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|[[Europe]]
|2013
|-
| [[File:Mount Vinson from NW at Vinson Plateau by Christian Stangl (flickr).jpg|100px]]
|data-sort-value="Vinson, Mount" |[[Vinson Massif|Mount Vinson]]
| {{Convert|4892|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
|[[Antarctica]]
|2014
|-
| [[File:Kosciuszko Townsend.jpg|100px]]
|data-sort-value="Kosciuszko, Mount" | [[Mount Kosciuszko]]
| {{cvt|2228|m|ft|0}}
| [[Australia]]
| 2016
|}

==Professional interests and personal life==
Bahl is the founder, director and image consultant of Impact Image Consultants, a [[Gurgaon]]-based company specialising in professional image consultancy. As a trainer for corporate staff, she offers mentoring and coaching services for both individuals and organisations. She has appeared as a keynote speaker<ref name="self site">{{Cite web|url=https://sangeetasbahl.com/about-me/|title=About us: Who is Sangeeta S Bahl?|website=Sangita S Bahl}}</ref> and has spread knowledge about how mountain climbing helps in building endurance, resilience, mental strength and stability during interactive sessions with the children and the celebrity show host Mrs Nidhi Kumar, conducted by Skoolz.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jai Hind Series—Mountain Climbing |url=https://www.skoolz.in/home/events/jai-hind-series-mountain-climbing |website=Skoolz |access-date=14 Aug 2022}}</ref> In 1985 Bahl competed in the national beauty pageant organised and run by [[Femina (India)|''Femina'']], Miss India, in which she reached the finals.<ref name=RL/><ref name="Ghosh meet"/>

Bahl was born in [[Jammu]], the [[winter capital]] city of what was then the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Her husband is Ankur Bahl and they have one son.<ref name="trib deny">{{Cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/who-is-sangeeta-sindhi-bahl-oldest-indian-lady-to-scale-mount-everest-she-was-once-denied-mountaineering-course-over-old-age/1177889/|title=Who is Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl? Oldest Indian lady to scale Mount Everest, she was once denied mountaineering course over 'old age'|date=2018-05-23|newspaper=The Tribune|language=en-IN|access-date=2018-05-25}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]
* [[List of Mount Everest summiteers by frequency]]
* [[List of Mount Everest records of India]]
* [[List of Mount Everest records]]
* {{Annotated link|Tamae Watanabe}} and record holder as oldest woman to scale Everest

== References ==

<references />

==External links==
* [https://sangeetasbahl.com/ Sangeeta Sindhi Bahl]

{{Indian mountaineers}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahl, Sangeeta Sindhi}}
[[Category:Indian female mountain climbers]]
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian summiteers of Mount Everest]]
[[Category:People from Jammu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Indian female climbers]]

Narbadeshwar Temple

2026-03-05T20:07:14Z

Leonpcs: started first location w/ refs

[[File:Narbadeshwar Temple'.JPG|thumb|Narbadeshwar Temple in Himachal Pradesh]]
The '''Narbadeshwar Temple''', located in the Sujanpur Tira area of [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]] district in India, is dedicated to [[Lord Shiva]].

The temple was built by Maharani Pransani Devi (wife of Sansar Chand Katoch) in 1802. The temple is built in [[Panchayatana (temple)|Panchayatan style]] with walls having paintings depicting scenes from the [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Ramayana]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Places of Interest {{!}} District Hamirpur, Government of Himachal Pradesh - INDIA {{!}} India|url=https://hphamirpur.nic.in/places-of-interest/|access-date=2021-02-03|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Narbadeshwar temple Sujanpur-Tira|url=http://nmma.nic.in/nmma/builtDetail.do?refId=1868&state=02|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Sujanpur Tira temple|url=http://123himachal.com/sujanpur/sujanpur.htm|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-02-03|website=123himachal.com}}</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Guru Nanak listening to Bhai Mardana, Narbadeshwar Temple Sujanpur Tihra, Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Guru Nanak and Bhai Mardana
File:Sikh Gurus, 19th Century,Narbadeshwar Temple , Sujanpur Tihra Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Possibly the Sikh gurus
File:Damaged fresco of Hansika (lady with a swan), Narbadeshwar Temple, Sujanpur Tihra, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh , circa 1802 CE.jpg|Hansika
File:Sudama visiting Krishna, North Western chamber, Narbadeshwar temple, Sujanpur Tihra, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Sudama visiting Krishna,
File:Seated Ganesha,Narbadeshwar Sujanpur Tihra, Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh.jpg|Ganesha
File:Krishna with Gopis, ceiling Panel, Narbadeshwar Temple, Sujanpur Tihra, Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, circa 1802 CE.jpg|Krishna with Gopis
</gallery>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Shiva temples]]

{{India-Hindu-temple-stub}}

Tandava Krishnudu

2026-03-03T20:18:13Z

Leonpcs: added a details!

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Tandava Krishnudu
| image = Tandava_Krishnudu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| writer = [[Paruchuri Brothers]] {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = D. R. Chenna Reddy
| screenplay = P. Chandrasekhara Reddy
| producer = B. Gopala Reddy
| director = P. Chandrasekhara Reddy
| starring = [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] [[Jaya Prada]]
| music = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cinematography = [[V. S. R. Swamy]]
| editing = V. Ankki Reddy
| studio = Krishna Art Creations<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0187541/ |title=Tandava Krishnudu (Overview) |work=IMDb |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-date=26 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426042557/https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0187541/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1984|1|26}}
| runtime = 138 mins
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Tandava Krishnudu''''' is a 1984 [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by P. Chandrasekhara Reddy. Produced by B. Gopala Reddy, the film stars [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]], [[Jaya Prada]] and music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/5720?ed=Tolly |title=Tandava Krishnudu (Review) |work=The Cine Bay |access-date=1 October 2016 |archive-date=2 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002022548/http://www.thecinebay.com/movie/index/id/5720?ed=Tolly |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a millionaire who lives happily with his son Ananda Rao and daughter Rajyalakshmi. Rajyalakshmi knits a pleb, and Bhanu Murthy maliciously defrauds a massive amount from the company with his brother Ramachandra Murthy. Dhananjay Rao, the true-blue of Ananda Rao, detects it. So, they slaughter Ananda Rao and incriminate Dhananjay Rao with the aid of sidekick Gurrala Gurunatham. Rajyalakshmi discerns it, but Bhanu Murthy plots by declaring her a lunatic and having her sealed in the mental asylum. Due to the mortifications, Dhananjay Rao's wife, Parvati, leaves with her two children. Years roll by, and Vani, the daughter of Ananda Rao, becomes the heir of the property guarded by Bhanu Murthy & Ramachandra Murthy. Here, they are intrigued to couple her with one of their sons, Seshagiri & Raja, respectively. Seshagiri is a scoundrel, whereas Raja is a good egg. He falls for Gurunatham's daughter Rani.

Meanwhile, Chakravarthy, a simpleton, is a newly appointed lecturer in Vani's college whom she endears and nuptials. Soon after, Chakravarthy reveals himself as the Dhananjay Rao's son, who made a play to seize the knaves. Moreover, Seshagiri only hoodwinked his sister Seeta. As of today, Chakravarthy starts his play, retrieves Rajyalakshmi, and recruits Seeta as her caretaker. Later, the blackguards discover the actuality and wiles by creating turbulence between Chakravarthy & Vani. At last, Chakravarthy ceases them with the help of Raja & Rani, proves his father's non-guilty, and reforms Seshagiri. Finally, the movie ends on a happy note with the reunion of the entire family.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Akkineni Nageswara Rao]] as Chakravarthy
*[[Jaya Prada]] as Vani
*[[Kaikala Satyanarayana|Satyanarayana]] as Bhanu Murthy
*[[Allu Rama Lingaiah|Allu Ramalingaiah]] as Ramachandra Murthy
*[[Kanta Rao]] as Dhananjay Rao
*[[Gollapudi Maruti Rao]] as Gurrala Gurunatham
*[[Giri Babu]] as Seshagiri
*[[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] as Raja
*[[Mikkilineni (actor)|Mikkilineni]] as Vani's grandfather
*Vankayala Satyanarayana as Doctor
*Ch. Krishna Murthy
*[[Nalinikanth]] as Varma
*[[Jaya Prakash Reddy]] as Principal
*[[Annapoorna (actress)|Annapurna]] as Rajyalakshmi
*[[Mucherla Aruna]] as Seeta
*Athili Lakshmi as Parvathi
*Shyamala Gowri as Rani
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Tandava Krishnudu
| type = film
| artist = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1983
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 28:02
| label =
| producer = [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]
| prev_title = Anubhandham
| prev_year = 1984
| next_title = Bava Maradallu
| next_year = 1984
}}

Music composed by [[K. Chakravarthy|Chakravarthy]]. Lyrics were written by [[Veturi]].
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!S. No.!!Song title !!Singers !!length
|-
|1
|"Tatatarala Naa Desam"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]]
|4:54
|-
|2
|"Yalayalayala Golavundi"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[P. Susheela]]
|6:07
|-
|3
|"Love Me Allow Me"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:30
|-
|4
|"Entha Chusina"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, P. Susheela
|4:07
|-
|5
|"Navvara Navvara"
|S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, [[S. Janaki]]
|4:00
|-
|6
|"Sodicheppaku Somavaramu"
|P. Susheela, [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|4:24
|}

==Other==
* VCDs and DVDs on - Universal Videos, SHALIMAR Video Company, [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1984 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. Chakravarthy]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:1984 drama films]]
[[Category:1984 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Chandrasekhara Reddy]]

Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage (2022 film)

2026-03-03T12:09:45Z

Leonpcs: Starting the article from scratch

{{short description|2022 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage
| image =
| caption = Official Poster
| director = Sridhar Shanmukha
| producer = Omkar Aryaa
| starring = [[Naveen Shankar]] [[Aishani Shetty]] Yash Shetty [[Siddu Moolimani]] [[Bala Rajwadi]] [[Prakash Thuminad]] Omkar Aryaa Nitesh Mahaan
| music = Ronada Bakkesh Karthik Chennoji Rao
| editing = Ujwal Chandra
| cinematography = Keertan Poojary
| studio = Hyperlink Cinemas
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|11|02}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty starrer crime-drama Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage gets a release date |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-starrer-crime-drama-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-gets-a-release-date/237116cfb6763 |access-date=8 October 2022 |website=OTT Play }}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಧರಣಿ ಮಂಡಲ ಮಧ್ಯದೊಳಗೆ.ogg|pronunciation}}) is a 2022 Indian Kannada-language [[crime drama]] film produced by Omkar Aryaa and directed by Sridhar Shanmukha, starring [[Naveen Shankar]] and [[Aishani Shetty]] with an ensemble supporting cast.<ref name="cinema express">{{cite web|title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty's film titled Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage
|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/sep/06/naveen-shankar-aishani-shettys-film-titled-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-14128.html|publisher=News Indian Express|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref> Ronada Bakkesh and [[Karthik Chennoji Rao]] composed the film's songs and background score while Keertan Poojary has handled the camera and edited by Ujwal Chandra<ref>{{cite web|title=ʻಧರಣಿ ಮಂಡಲ ಮಧ್ಯದೊಳಗಿʼನಿಂದ ಬಂತು ಮೆಲೋಡಿ ಸಾಂಗ್! ವಿಜಯ್ ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ಕಂಠದಲ್ಲಿ ʻಮಾತು ಮಾತಲ್ಲೇ ಸಿಂಗಿಂಗುʼ|url=https://zeenews.india.com/kannada/entertainment/dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-movie-song-released-75644|publisher=Zee News Kannada|access-date=8 May 2022}}</ref> Ghouse Peer and SKS wrote lyrics for the film.

== Premise ==
''Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage'' revolves around different people in different situations face their feelings on one fateful night.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Naveen Shankar]] as Aadi
*[[Aishani Shetty]] as Shreya
*Yash Shetty as Shivu
*[[Siddu Moolimani]] as Parachute
*Shambhavi
*Omkar Aryaa as Disco
*Jayashree Aradhya
*[[Prakash Thuminad]] as Marayade Ramanna
*Nitesh Mahaan as Slow Motion
*[[Bala Rajwadi]] as Antony
*Ramya Krishna
*Mohan Juneja
*Kari Subbu
*Kaddipudi Kanthraj as Turke
}}

== Production ==
The film was launched in 2019 and completed shooting in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/naveen-shankar-aishani-shetty-complete-shooting-for-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage/articleshow/81686691.cms|title=Naveen Shankar, Aishani Shetty complete shooting for Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage|date=25 March 2021|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> The film's title is based on the folk song "Punyakoti".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/sridhar-shikaripuras-dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-highlight-to-be-the-hyperlink-screenplay/articleshow/95850931.cms|title=Sridhar Shikaripura's 'Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage' highlight to be the hyperlink screenplay|date=29 November 2022|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Music==
The film's soundtrack album and score was composed by Ronada Bakkesh and Karthik Chennoji Rao.
{{Track listing
| headline = List of songs
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| title1 = Water Mele
| extra1 = [[Sharan (actor)]]
| lyrics1 = S.K.S
| length1 = 4:18
| title2 = Maatu Maatalle
| extra2 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length2 = 3:18
| lyrics2 = Ghouse Peer
| title3 = Maatu Maatalle (Cover)
| extra3 = [[Vijay Prakash]]
| length3 = 2:12
| lyrics3 = Ghouse Peer
}}

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote that "A full-fledged hyperlink subject is rarely attempted in Kannada, and Sridhar’s intelligent narrative makes a complex script an interestingly riveting story that takes place in one night".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/dec/03/dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-review-a-delightful-hyperlinkcrime-thriller-2524490.html|title='Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage' review: A delightful hyperlink crime thriller|date=3 December 2022|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' wrote that "It seems the director has added as many characters as possible without bothering about the plight of the audiences who have to spend their valuable time and money to watch this movie".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-movie-review-dreary-tale-of-drug-addiction/articleshow/95946290.cms|title=Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage Movie Review: Dreary tale of drug addiction|date=3 December 2022|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]}}</ref> A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote that "Dharani Mandala Madhydolage is a commendable attempt. The film will stay with the audience for a while even after walking out of the theatres".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/dharani-mandala-madhyadolage/movie-review/95929102.cms|title=Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage Movie Review : Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage: A satisfying watch|first=Harish|last=Basavarajaiah|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 December 2022}}</ref> A critic from ''[[HT Media|OTTplay]]'' wrote that "''Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage'' is certainly an intriguing attempt that explores causality in a few novel ways but the film is let down by unimaginative writing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/review/dharani-mandala-madhyadolage-review-ambitious-attempt-that-feels-too-convoluted-labourous/5faaa3854f472|title=Dharani Mandala Madhyadolage review: Ambitious attempt that feels too convoluted, labourous|date=1 December 2022|first=Swaroop|last=Kodur|work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=20420938}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 black comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian black comedy films]]
[[Category:2022 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2022 Indian films]]
{{2020s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Khajoor Pe Atke

2026-03-02T10:08:48Z

Leonpcs: update lead for consistency and corrected details for clarity

{{more citations needed|date=June 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| native_name =
| name = Khajoor Pe Atke
| image = KajurPeAtke.jpeg
| alt = 
| caption = Official Poster
| director = [[Harsh Chhaya]]
| producer = Amrit Sethia
| writer = Harsh Chhaya
| starring = [[Manoj Pahwa]] [[Vinay Pathak]] [[Seema Pahwa]] [[Dolly Ahluwalia]] Sanah Kapur [[Vandita Shrivastava]] [[Prathamesh Parab]] Suneeta Sengupta Alka amin Vicky Arora
| music = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| cinematography = Sidhant Chowdhry
| editing = Sattyajit Gazmer
| studio = Welcome Friends Productions
| distributor = [[PVR Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|2018|5|18|df=yes}}
| runtime = 119 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi

}}
'''''Khajoor Pe Atke'''''({{translation|Into the fire}}) is a comedy film written and directed by [[Harsh Chhaya]], who makes his directorial debut. Starring [[Manoj Pahwa]], [[Vinay Pathak]], [[Dolly Ahluwalia]], [[Seema Pahwa]], Sanah Kapoor, Suneeta Sengupta, produced by Welcome Friends Productions, and presented by S.O.I.E., the film hits cinemas nationwide on 18 May and is distributed by [[PVR Pictures]] with music on [[Zee Music]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/khajoor-pe-atke-special-screening-5177649/|title=Khajoor Pe Atke special screening|date=15 May 2018|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=2018-05-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/khajoor-pe-atke/movie-review/64201641.cms|title=Khajoor Pe Atke movie review|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Manoj Pahwa]] as Jeetendar
* [[Vinay Pathak]] as Ravindar
* [[Seema Pahwa]] as Sushila
* [[Dolly Ahluwalia]] as Lalita
* Sanah Kapur as Nayantara "Nayan" "Rosy"
* Nabeel Ahmed as Amit (Nayantara's brother)
* [[Vandita Shrivastava]] as Bar Dancer
* [[Prathamesh Parab]] as Rocky
* Suneeta Sengupta as Anuradha
* [[Alka Amin]] as Kadambari
* Vicky Arora as Alok
* [[Boman Irani]] as Abhishek
* [[Harsh Chhaya]] as Kiran Karmakar

==Soundtrack==

All the songs of the film and the background music for the same has been composed by [[Bickram Ghosh]] from Kolkata and lyrics are penned by [[Kumaar]] and the director [[Harsh Chhaya]] himself (who has also sung the song "Dhokha" in the film). The complete soundtrack is available on [[Zee Music Company|Zee Music]].

===Track listing===
{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = {{Duration|m=11|s=53}}
| title1 = Aao Na Dekha
| extra1 = [[Ujjaini Mukherjee]], [[Timir Biswas]]
| extra = 185+
| music1 = [[Bickram Ghosh]]
| lyrics1 = [[Harsh Chhaya]]
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = Duniya
| extra2 = Ujjaini Mukherjee, [[Divya Kumar (singer)|Divya Kumar]]
| music2 = Bickram Ghosh
| lyrics2 = [[Kumaar]]
| length2 = 2:45
| title3 = Sumdi Mein Jhol
| extra3 = [[Kalpana Patowary]]
| music3 = Bickram Ghosh
| lyrics3 = Harsh Chhaya
| length3 = 3:47
| title4 = Dhokha
| extra4 = Harsh Chhaya
| music4 = Bickram Ghosh
| lyrics4 = Harsh Chhaya
| length4 = 2:16
}}

==Reception==
Kennith Rosario of [[The Hindu]] wrote, "The film is self-aware of being an unrestrained comedy and maintains a light tone for grim subjects like death, coma and euthanasia but it also has its mawkish moments that could have been done without. Underneath the amateurish execution, sentimentality and clichés, lies an enjoyable fare best relished for the comic timing of its actors."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rosario |first=Kennith |date=2018-05-18 |title='Khajoor pe Atke' review: Just short of a laugh riot |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/khajoor-pe-atke-just-short-of-a-laugh-riot/article23925838.ece |access-date=2024-10-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Prasanna D Zore of [[Rediff.com]] gave the film 2.5 out of 5, writing, "Khajoor Pe Atke is a half baked satire on the selfish us that only partly exposes the darkness that lurks within every family."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zore |first=Prasanna D. |title=Review: Khajoor Pe Atke, half-baked satire |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/review-khajoor-pe-atke-half-baked-satire/20180518.htm |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of [[Scroll.in]] wrote, "There isn’t enough of a plot to extend over 119 minutes. With a tighter script and trimmer running time, Chhaya might have actually been on to something special."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramnath |first=Nandini |date=2018-05-18 |title='Khajoor Pe Atke' film review: This family comedy needed more bite |url=https://scroll.in/reel/879258/khajoor-pe-atke-film-review-this-family-comedy-needed-more-bite |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|tt7260848}}

[[Category:2018 comedy films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:2018 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:2018 directorial debut films]]

Raghavanka

2026-02-28T12:21:13Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|12th-century Kannada poet}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| image = Raghavanka-pic.jpg
| image_size = 225px
| birth_date = Late 12th century
| birth_place = [[Hampi]]
| death_date = Early 13th century
| occupation = Poet, writer
| works = ''Harishchandra Kavya'' (''magnum opus'')
}}

'''Raghavanka''' was a noted [[Kannada]] writer and a poet in the [[Hoysala empire|Hoysala]] court who flourished in the late 12th to early 13th century. He was born into an Aradhya Brahmana family. Raghavanka is credited for popularizing the use of the native ''[[shatpadi]]'' metre (hexa metre, 6 line verse) in [[Kannada literature]].<ref name="shat">Sastri (1955), p. 362</ref> ''Harishchandra Kavya'', in ''shatpadi'' metre, is known to have been written with an interpretation unlike any other on the life of King [[Harishchandra]] is well known and is considered one of the important classics of [[Kannada language]]. He was a nephew and protégé of the noted Early 12-century Kannada poet [[Harihara (poet)|Harihara]].<ref name="shat1">Narasimhacharya (1988), p. 20</ref><ref name="class">Kamath (2001), p. 134</ref> Although the ''shatpadi'' metre tradition existed in Kannada literature prior to Raghavanka, Raghavanka inspired the usage of the flexible metre for generations of poets, both [[Shaivism|Shaiva]] (devotees of God [[Shiva]]) and [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] (devotees of God [[Vishnu]]) to come.<ref name="trend">Shiva Prakash in K. Ayyappapanicker (1997), p. 208</ref>

==Writings==
*''Harishchandra Kavya''
*''Siddharama charitra''
*''Somanatha charitra''
*''Viresvara charita''
*''Hariharamahatva''
*''Sarabha charitra''

Although ''Harishchandra Kavya'' (c. 1200 or c. 1225) is Raghavanka's ''[[magnum opus]]'', it was rejected by his guru, poet Harihara (or Harisvara). In some ways, Raghavanka's writing surpasses his guru's talent, especially in describing characters in his story.<ref name="lost"/> Legend has it that his guru was aghast at Raghavanka Pandita, a devotee of Hindu God [[Shiva]], for writing about ordinary mortals (such as King Harishchandra). According to the same legend, five of Raghavanka's teeth "fell off instantly" for going against his guru's wishes. In order to expiate his sin, he authored five writings eulogising saints, one for each fallen tooth, and the teeth "returned one by one".<ref name="five">Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 206</ref> According to another source, Raghavanka's guru physically abused him, punishing him for wasting his poetic talent in eulogising a mere mortal.<ref name="mere">Nagaraj in Pollock (2003), p. 364</ref> These five writings are the ''Siddharama charitra'' (or ''Siddharama Purana''), a eulogy of the dynamic and compassionate 12th century Veerashiava saint Siddharama of Sonnalige which brings out a larger-than-life image of the saint in a simple yet stylistic narrative;<ref name="harish"/> the ''Somanatha charitra'', a propagandist work which describes the life of saint Somayya (or Adaiah) of Puligere, his humiliation after being lured by the charms of a [[Jain]] girl, and his achievement of successfully converting a Jain temple into a Shiva temple; the ''Viresvara charita'', a dramatic story of the blind wrath of a Shaiva warrior Virabhadra; the ''Hariharamahatva'', a eulogy of Harisvara of [[Hampi]], and ''Sarabha charitra'', the last two works now considered lost.<ref name="shat" /><ref name="lost">Shiva Prakash (1997), p. 207</ref>

===''Harishchandra Kavya'' ===
In the ''Harishchandra Kavya'', Raghavanka brings out the clash of personalities with lively dialogues; between sage [[Vishvamitra]] and sage [[Vashishta]], between Harishchandra and Vishvamitra and between Harishchandra and the "unreal" girls ("dancing girls"). Also narrated is Harishchandra's fidelity to truth against all odds and the redemption of Harishchandra after being rescued by an untouchable he had once rejected.<ref name="lost"/> According to professor [[L. S. Sheshagiri Rao]] of the Sahitya Akademi, in no other language has the story of King Harishchandra been dealt with this interpretation. The writing is original both in tradition and inspiration fully utilizing the potential of the ''shatpadi'' metre.<ref name="harish">Rao in Datta, Sahitya Akademi (1988), pp. 1181</ref> One piece of [[elegy|elegiac]] verse, written in the ''mandanila ragele'' metre (rhymed couplets) is the mourning of Chandramati over the death of her young son Lohitashva from snake bite, while gathering firewood for his Brahmin taskmaster.<ref name="valour12">Sahitya Akademi (1988), p. 1149</ref> The poem has remained popular for centuries and is recited by ''[[Gamaka (storytelling)|Gamakis]]'' (narration of story accompanied by music).<ref name="valour12"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book |last= Sastri|first= K.A. Nilakanta|title= A history of South India from prehistoric times to the fall of Vijayanagar|orig-year=1955|year=2002|publisher= Indian Branch, Oxford University Press|location= New Delhi|isbn= 0-19-560686-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Shiva Prakash|first=H.S.|editor=Ayyappapanicker|title=Medieval Indian Literature:An Anthology |year= 1997|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-0365-0|chapter= Kannada}}
*{{cite book |last= Various|title= Encyclopaedia of Indian literature - vol 2|orig-year=1988|year=1988|publisher= Sahitya Akademi|isbn=81-260-1194-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Nagaraj |first=D.R.|editor=Sheldon I. Pollock|title=Literary Cultures in History: Reconstructions from South Asia |orig-year=2003|year=2003|publisher=Berkeley and London: University of California Press. Pp. 1066|chapter=Critical Tensions in the History of Kannada Literary Culture|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xowUxYhv0QgC&dq=critical+tensions+in+history+kannada+literary+culture&pg=PA323|isbn=0-520-22821-9 |pages=323–383}}
*{{cite book |last= Kamath|first= Suryanath U.|title= A concise history of Karnataka : from pre-historic times to the present|orig-year=1980|year= 2001|publisher= Jupiter books|location= Bangalore|oclc= 7796041 |lccn= 80905179}}
*{{cite book |last= Shanthaveeraiah|first= Hi.Chi.|title= Siddarama Charithre|year=2009|publisher= Sachin Publishers |location= Bangalore}}

{{authority control}}

{{Karnataka topics}}

[[Category:Kannada poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Karnataka]]
[[Category:13th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:12th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Hoysala people]]

Papikonda National Park

2026-02-24T02:54:17Z

Leonpcs: Page refined with updated information

{{short description|National park in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox protected area
| name = Papikonda National Park
| iucn_category = II

| image =
Papikondalu view 16.jpg
| mapframe-zoom = 9
| location = Andhra Pradesh, India
| map = India
| relief = 1
| mapframe = Yes
| coordinates =
| area = {{convert|1012.86|km2|abbr=on}}
| established = 1978
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body =
}}
'''Papikonda National Park''' is a [[national park]] in [[India]], located near [[Rajamahendravaram]] in the Papi Hills of the [[Alluri Sitharama Raju district|Alluri Sitharama Raju]] and [[Eluru district|Eluru]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]], and covering an area of {{convert|1012.86|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wiienvis.nic.in/WriteReadData/UserFiles/image/PAs_Map_Database/images/andhra_pradesh.jpg |title=Wildlife Protected Areas Andhra Pradesh |date=2014}}</ref><ref name=papikonda>{{cite web|title=Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary|url=http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20PAPIKONDA.htm|publisher=AP forest department|access-date=28 June 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125021421/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20PAPIKONDA.htm |archive-date=25 January 2014}}</ref> It is an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] and home to some endangered species of flora and fauna.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7llECrdHHq7SW5PNXJ2QXlQcG8/view|title=Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas in India: Priority Sites for Conservation |edition=Revised and updated |last1=Rahmani |first1=A. R. |last2=Islam|first2=M. Z.|last3=Kasambe|first3=R. M. |publisher=Bombay Natural History Society, Indian Bird Conservation Network, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and BirdLife International U.K. |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-84678-02-9 |location=India|pages=206–208}}</ref> No part of Papikonda remains outside East and West [[Godavari]] districts after 2014 and the construction of [[Polavaram Dam]].

== History ==
Papikonda Wildlife Sanctuary was established in 1978.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HSnDO8Nlj2IC |title=Perspectives on Polavaram, a Major Irrigation Project on Godavari |author1=Gujja, B. |author2=Ramakrishna, S. |author3=Goud, V. |author4=Sivaramakrishna |date=2006 |publisher=Academic Foundation |isbn=9788171885787}}</ref> It was upgraded to a national park in 2008.

== Geography ==
The national park's boundaries lie between 18° 49’ 20" N to 19° 18’ 14" N, 79° 54’ 13" E to 83° 23’ 35" E spread across the Alluri Sitharama Raju and Eluru districts of Andhra Pradesh. Its altitude ranges from {{convert|20|to|850|m|abbr=on}}, and it receives an annual rainfall of 1168&nbsp;mm. [[Godavari River]] flows through the park.<ref name=":1" />

== Flora ==
The vegetation of Papikonda national park contains species of moist deciduous and dry deciduous forests.<ref name=":0" /> Tree species include ''[[Pterocarpus marsupium]]'', ''[[Terminalia elliptica]]'', ''[[Terminalia arjuna]]'', ''[[Adina cordifolia]]'', ''[[Sterculia urens]]'', ''[[Mangifera indica]]'', ''[[Anogeissus latifolia]]''.<ref name=":1" />

== Fauna ==
=== Mammals ===
The mammals either sighted or recorded by [[camera trap]]s includes [[Bengal tiger]], [[Indian leopard]], [[Rusty-spotted cat]], [[Jungle cat]], [[Leopard cat]], [[Sloth bear]], [[Small Indian civet]], [[Asian palm civet]], [[Wild boar]] and [[Honey badger]]. [[Herbivore]]s recorded include [[Chital|spotted deer]], [[Sambar deer]], [[Indian muntjac]], [[Indian spotted chevrotain]], [[Gaur]], [[Nilgai]] and [[Four-horned antelope]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |author1=Aditya, V. |author2=Ganesh, T. |year=2017 |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=10823–10830 |doi=10.11609/jott.3021.9.10.10823-10830 |title=Mammals of Papikonda Hills, northern Eastern Ghats, India |url=https://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/article/view/3021/4187|doi-access=free }}</ref>

The national park has population of both [[Rhesus macaque]] which are normally found north of [[Godavari River|Godavari]] and [[Bonnet macaque]] that are usually found south of Godavari. [[Gray langur]]s are also seen inside the national park.<ref name=":1" /> The presence of [[water buffalo]]es in the area was recorded during the British imperial time.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_RG2x2xDQ5UC|title=Gazetteer of South India|last=Francis|first=W.|date=1989|publisher=Mittal Publications|volume=1|location=New Delhi|pages=270}}</ref>

=== Birds ===
The national park was recognized as an [[Important Bird and Biodiversity Area]] by [[BirdLife International]] in 2016. Some of the endangered, vulnerable and near threatened species of birds reported includes [[Black-bellied tern]], [[Pale-capped pigeon]], [[Yellow-throated bulbul]], [[Oriental darter]], [[Pallid harrier]], [[Great Thick-knee]], [[River lapwing]], [[River tern]], [[Malabar pied hornbill]], [[Alexandrine parakeet]].

Some of the tropical moist forest species of birds sighted were [[Black-throated munia]], [[Indian scimitar babbler]], [[Jerdon's nightjar]], [[Malabar trogon]] [[Malabar whistling thrush]]. A subspecies of [[Abbott's babbler]] identified and named after ornithologist [[K. S. R. Krishna Raju]] was sighted around the periphery of the national park.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Ripley|first1=S. D. |last2=Beehler|first2=B. M. |title=A new subspecies of the babbler genus ''Malacocincla abbotti'' from the Eastern Ghats, India |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/123887#page/290/mode/1up |journal=Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club |volume=105 |issue=2|pages=67}}</ref>

=== Reptiles ===
[[Indian golden gecko]], endemic to the [[Eastern Ghats]] was reported from this national park.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=S.M. |first1=M. J. |last2=Archana |first2=W. |last3=Tampal |first3=F. |date=2007 |title=On the Occurrence of Golden Gecko (''Calodactylodes aureus'') in Papikonda Hills, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India |url=https://zoosprint.zooreach.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/June/2727-2729.pdf |journal=Zoos' Print Journal |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=2727–2729 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.ZPJ.1735.2727-9 |archive-date=26 November 2020 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126074505/https://zoosprint.zooreach.org/ZooPrintJournal/2007/June/2727-2729.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[King cobra]]s were sighted in and around the protected area.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Satyanarayana |first1=J. E. |last2=Balaji |first2=K. |date=2018 |title=King Cobra: Occurrence of ''Ophiophagus hannah'' in Papikonda National Park, Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh |url=https://www.zoosprint.zooreach.org/index.php/zp/article/view/123 |journal=Zoo's Print |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=15–18 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527190812/https://www.zoosprint.zooreach.org/index.php/zp/article/view/123 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Threats ==
Poaching, forest fires and clearing forest for cultivation are some of the threats.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ganesh |first1=T. |last2=Aditya |first2=V. |date=2018 |title=Deciphering forest change: Linking satellite-based forest cover change and community perceptions in a threatened landscape in India |journal=Ambio |pages=790–800 |doi=10.1007/s13280-018-1108-x |pmid=30406924 |volume=48 |issue=7 |pmc=6509315}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/9282307#map=8/17.301/81.874 Pakikonda National Park] marked on OpenStreetMap

{{National Parks of India}}
{{Protected areas of Andhra Pradesh}}

{{Eastern Ghats |state=expanded}}

[[Category:East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests]]
[[Category:West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Wildlife sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Zagor (folk drama)

2026-02-21T18:59:00Z

Leonpcs: added a entry!

{{Short description|Indian folk drama}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
'''Zagor''' ([[Konkani language|Konkani]]: जागर), (nocturnal vigil), mainly celebrated in [[Siolim]], in [[Bardez]] taluka of [[Goa]] is a festival including dance, drama and music.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://infochangeindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=5527
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090402024902/http://infochangeindia.org/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=5527
|url-status=usurped
|archive-date=2 April 2009
|title=Zagor, the Goan festival of communal amity, under threat
|author=Shiv Kumar
|date=April 2006
|access-date=2008-12-09
|work=InfoChange News & Features
|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]], 23 [[Kilobyte|KB]]}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Goan Catholics}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|15.614537|N|73.770447|E|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Festivals in Goa]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in North Goa district]]

{{India-festival-stub}}

Yatra

2026-02-16T01:34:25Z

Leonpcs: improve intro for clarity

{{short description|Pilgrimage in Indian religions}}
{{other uses|Yatra (disambiguation)|Jatra (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2023}}
{{italic title}}
{{Contains special characters|Indic}}
[[File:Kedarnathroute.jpg|thumb|[[Pilgrimage]] to [[Kedarnath]]]]
{{Hinduism}}

'''''Yatra''''' ({{langx|sa|यात्रा|lit=journey, procession}}, {{IAST3|Yātrā}}), in [[Indian religion|Indian-origin religions]], Hinduism, Buddhism, [[Jainism]] and [[Sikhism]], generally means a pilgrimage<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pada Yatra: Foot Pilgrimage from Jaffna to Kataragama|url=http://padayatra.org/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=padayatra.org|archive-date=2021-10-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015141938/http://padayatra.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> to holy places such as confluences of [[River#Sacred rivers|sacred rivers]], [[Sacred mountains#India|sacred mountains]], places associated with Hindu epics such as the [[Mahabharata]] and [[Ramayana]], and [[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India|other sacred pilgrimage sites]].<ref>{{cite book | last =Juergensmeyer | first =Mark | author-link =Mark Juergensmeyer | title =The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions | publisher =Oxford University Press | year =2006 | location =U.S. | isbn =0-19-513798-1 }}</ref> Visiting a sacred place is believed by the pilgrim to purify the self and bring one closer to the divine.<ref>{{cite book | last =Timothy | first =Dallen J. |author2=Daniel H. Olsen | title =Tourism, Religion and Spiritual Journeys | publisher =Routledge | year =2006 | isbn =0-415-35445-5 }}</ref> The journey itself is as important as the destination, and the hardships of travel serve as an act of devotion in themselves.<ref name="fowler">{{cite book|title=Hinduism: Beliefs and Practices|chapter=Yatra: Pilgrimage|last=Fowler|first=Jeaneane D.|publisher=[[Sussex Academic Press]]|year=1997|isbn=1-898723-60-5}}</ref>

A '''{{IAST|tīrtha-yātrā}}''' is a [[pilgrimage]] to a [[Tirtha and Kshetra|sacred site]].<ref name=":0" /> '''Yatri''' is the term for anyone who undertakes the yatra.<ref name=":0" />

In present times, yatras are highly organized affairs, with specialized tourism companies catering to yatris. State governments are sometimes involved in the organization of annual yatras, stipulating numbers, registering yatris, and regulating yatri traffic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kashmirdivision.nic.in/about/services/amryatra.htm|title=Amarnath Yatra|publisher=Office of Divisional Commissioner, [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] Government|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019102903/http://kashmirdivision.nic.in/about/services/amryatra.htm|archive-date=2007-10-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tG0fnF0VRk0C&q=yatra+%22state+government%22&pg=PA94| title=Social, Cultural and Economic History of Himachal Pradesh|chapter=Holy ''Chhari'' or Manimahesh Yatra|last=Singh Ahluwalia|first=Manjit| year=1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=81-7387-089-6}}</ref> The Hindu sacred month of ''[[Shravana (month)|Shravan]]'' is also the time of the annual [[Kanwar Yatra]], the annual pilgrimage devotees of [[Shiva]], known as ''Kanwaria'', make to Hindu pilgrimage places of [[Haridwar]], [[Gaumukh]] and [[Gangotri]] in [[Uttarakhand]] to obtain water from the [[Ganges River]]. In 2003, 55 lakh (5.5 million) pilgrims visited Haridwar.<ref name="fr">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827000206600.htm|title=SPOTLIGHT: The long walk for worship|volume=21|issue=17|date=August 14–27, 2004|magazine =[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] |url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806091502/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2117/stories/20040827000206600.htm|archive-date=2010-08-06}}</ref> Other [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|Tirtha]] pilgrimages are [[Char Dham]] Yatra, which involves [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]], [[Gangotri]], and [[Yamunotri]]; [[Amarnath yatra]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]].

There are numerous pilgrimage sites in India<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of Pilgrimage Sites in India|url=https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-pilgrimage/|access-date=2021-10-03|website=culturalindia.net|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003085400/https://www.culturalindia.net/indian-pilgrimage/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|elsewhere]].

==Types of yatras ==

Reasons for going on a yatra may be in response to one's prayers being fulfilled.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Eck |first=Diana L. |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/India/PyC4o7i9tnEC?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=India: A Sacred Geography |date=2013-03-26 |publisher=Harmony/Rodale/Convergent |isbn=978-0-385-53192-4 |pages=9 |language=en}}</ref>

In order of importance, in India there are 7 [[Sapta Puri]] holy cities, 4 Dhams ([[Char Dham]]) and 12 [[Jyotirlinga|Jyotirlings]] devoted to [[Shiva]], 51 [[Shakti Pitha]]s devoted to the feminine manifestation of the god, and the important [[Rama]] circuit ([[Ayodhya]], [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh#Places of tourist importance|Chitrakoot]], [[Hampi]] and [[Rameswaram]]) and Krishna circuit ([[Vraja Parikrama|Braj]], [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra|Kurukshetra]] and [[Dwarka]]).

'''Holiest cities:''' [[Sapta Puri]] are [[Ayodhya]], [[Mathura]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Ujjain]] and [[Dwarka]].{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} [[Kurukshetra]], includes [[Jyotisar]] where [[Bhagavad Gita]] was revealed, is another holy city.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

'''Holy rivers:''' The [[ghat]]s of holiest rivers are sacred, including [[Ganges]], [[Yamuna]], [[Sarasvati River]] ([[Ghaggar-Hakra River|Ghaggar River]]), [[Narmada]] etc.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}}

'''Holy mountains:''' such as [[Mount Kailash]],<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sengar|first=Resham|title=Mount Kailash facts: mindboggling things you may not know about Shiva's home|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/mount-kailash-facts-mindboggling-things-you-may-not-know-about-lord-shivas-home/as61220500.cms |date= Nov 8, 2019 |access-date=2021-10-03|newspaper=The Times of India|archive-date=2021-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805003202/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/destinations/mount-kailash-facts-mindboggling-things-you-may-not-know-about-lord-shivas-home/as61220500.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]], [[Gangotri]], and [[Yamunotri]], [[Bandarpunch|Sarasvatotri]], etc.

'''Holy [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]]s (places):''' such as [[Char Dham]] and [[Himalaya]]n [[Chota Char Dham]] ([[Badrinath]], [[Kedarnath]], [[Gangotri]], and [[Yamunotri]]),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Char Dham Yatra 2025 - Chardham Yatra Travel Guide 2025 - Char Dham Yatra Tour |url=https://www.sacredyatra.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919121232/https://www.sacredyatra.com/ |archive-date=2021-09-19 |access-date=2021-10-03 |website=sacredyatra.com}}</ref> and [[Varanasi]], [[Prayagraj]], [[Haridwar]]-[[Rishikesh]], [[Mathura]]-[[Vrindavan]], [[Ayodhya]], [[Ujjain]], [[Dwarka]] and [[Rameswaram]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=ANI|date=2017-07-27|title="Sacred" Rameswaram gave India one of its most famous sons: PM Modi|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/sacred-rameswaram-gave-india-one-of-its-most-famous-sons-pm-modi-117072700622_1.html|access-date=2021-10-03|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003085359/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/sacred-rameswaram-gave-india-one-of-its-most-famous-sons-pm-modi-117072700622_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> See also [[Tirtha and Kshetra]].
[[Shakambhari]] temple Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh
* Sacred river circuit: Yatra to and [[parikrama]] of sacred rivers include [[Ganges]], [[Yamuna]], [[Sarasvati]], [[Narmada River|Narmada]], etc.

'''Holy fairs and [[List of Hindu festivals|Hindu festivals]]:''' The [[Kumbh Mela]] (the "pitcher festival") is one of the holiest of Hindu pilgrimages that is held four times every 12 years<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maha Kumbh 2021 - Haridwar Kumbh Mela 2021 India|url=https://www.kumbhamela.net/|access-date=2021-10-03|website= kumbhamela.net|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003085400/https://www.kumbhamela.net/|url-status=live}}</ref> rotating among the four cities of [[Prayagraj]], [[Haridwar]], [[Nashik]], and [[Ujjain]]. The [[Mahamaham]] in temple town of [[Kumbakonam]] is also celebrated once in 12 years. Annual [[Gita Mahotsav]] at [[Kurukshetra]], [[Shravani Mela]] at [[Deoghar]], and [[Pitru Paksha#When and where|Pitrapaksha Mela]] at [[Gaya, India|Gaya]] are also notable holy fairs.

'''Holy temples:''' Examples are the [[Char Dham]] of [[Rameswaram]], [[Dwarka]], [[Puri]] and [[Badrinath]]; [[Katra, Jammu and Kashmir|Katra]], home to the [[Vaishno Devi]] temple; [[Puri]] home to [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] [[Jagannath]] temple and [[Rath Yatra]] celebration;<ref>{{Cite web|title=SHRI MATA VAISHNO DEVI SHRINE BOARD {{!}} Official Website|url=https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/|access-date=2021-10-03|website= maavaishnodevi.org|archive-date=2019-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816065328/https://www.maavaishnodevi.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tirumala - Tirupati|Tirumala – Tirupati]], home to the [[Tirumala Venkateswara Temple]]; [[Sabarimala]] home to [[Ayyappan|Swami Ayyappan]]; the 108 [[Divya Desam]]s; the [[Shakti Peethas]]; the twelve [[Jyotirlingas|Maha Jyotirlingas]]; the seven [[Sapta Puri]]; the [[Pancha Bhoota Stalam]].

'''Holy processions:''' 'Yatra' can also be described as a procession, or any festival which figures a procession, such as [[Kanwar Yatra]] and [[Rath Yatra]]. In Rath Yatra, chariots are pulled in parade down the streets of [[Puri (city)|Puri]] in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. In modern times the word can be used to denote marches or demonstrations, for political, environmental or societal causes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thesouthasian.org/archives/2006/jal_adhikar_yatra_takes_off.html|title=Jal Adhikar Yatra Takes Off|date=September 10, 2006|publisher=The South Asian|access-date=February 26, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829164755/http://www.thesouthasian.org/archives/2006/jal_adhikar_yatra_takes_off.html |archive-date= Aug 29, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/03/stories/2005100302571300.htm|title='Save Noyyal Yatra' draws good crowd|date=October 3, 2005|publisher=[[The Hindu]] Business Line|access-date=2008-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607215048/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/10/03/stories/2005100302571300.htm|archive-date=2009-06-07|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.whiteband.org/media/gcap-news/archives/gcapnews.2007-07-03.0004416740|title=India's rally for Right to Education - Shiksha Adhikar Yatra|date=July 3, 2007|publisher=[[Global Call to Action Against Poverty]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719163450/http://www.whiteband.org/media/gcap-news/archives/gcapnews.2007-07-03.0004416740/|archive-date=July 19, 2008}}</ref> The terms '[[wikt:jatra|jatra]]' and '[[zatra]]' are derived from yatra.

'''Holy deities: ''' [[kuladevata|Kuladaivat]] Hindu families have their own family patron deity.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions on Kuladev and Kuldevi|url=https://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/hindu-gods/goddess-durga/faq-kuldevi|access-date=2021-10-03|website=Hindu Janajagruti Samiti|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003085400/https://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/hindu-gods/goddess-durga/faq-kuldevi|url-status=live}}</ref> This deity is common to a lineage, a clan or a locality.

'''[[Samadhi (shrine)|Samadhis]] (shrines) of [[Sadhu]]s (Saints):''' [[Alandi]], Samadhi of Dnyaneshwar: [[Mantralayam]], samadhi of [[Raghavendra Tirtha]], [[Belur Math]] which enshrine that Holy remains of [[Sri Ramakrishna]], [[Sri Sarada Devi]], [[Swami Vivekananda]] Puri, and other direct Disciples of Sri Ramakrishna, [[Tulsi Ghat]], [[Varanasi]] where Saint [[Tulsidas]] left his mortal coil, Samadhi Mandir of Saint [[Kabir]] at [[Gorakhpur]], near [[Varanasi]], Panchaganga Ghat, Varanasi where [[Trailanga Swami]] lived and left his mortal body, Karar Ashram, [[Puri]] where [[Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri]], attained the Mahasamadhi.<ref>Yogananda, Paramahansa (1997). Autobiography of a Yogi, 1997 Anniversary Edition p. 383. Self-Realization Fellowship (Founded by Yogananda) http://www.yogananda-srf.org/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201218022612/http://www.yogananda-srf.org/ |date=2020-12-18 }},</ref>

==Important national pilgrimage circuits of Indic-religions==
{{anchor | Circuit | Circuits | National circuit | National yatra | Rashtriya yatra | National Yatra | Rashtriya Yatra | Yatra circuit | Yatra Circuit }}

A yatra or pilgrimage across a much larger area covering multiple faraway cities or sites, related to a specific deity or theme, are called the "circuit". Three most important Hindu-Buddhist "Rahtriya yatra" (national pilgrimage circuit) are related to the important figures such as Rama, Krishna, Buddha, and Guru Nanak, where they had personally visited are as follows.

* [[Hindu pilgrimage sites|Hindu circuit]], many of which are also related to [[List of Hindu empires and dynasties|greatest Hindu empires and dynasties]].
** Fairs and [[List of Hindu festivals|festivals]]
*** [[Kumbh Mela]]
**** [[Barahachhetra]] – a semi-Kumbh Mela in Sunsari Nepal
**** [[Mahamaham]] – the Tamil Kumbh Mela
*** [[Gita Mahotsav]]
*** [[Maghi]] – a Sikh festival recognised by [[Guru Amar Das]]
*** [[Pushkaram]] – the river festivals of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
*** [[Pushkar Fair]] – the springtime fair in Rajasthan, includes the tradition of a dip in the Pushkar lake
** [[Krishna]] circuit: This prikarma entails the [[Vraja Parikrama]], [[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]], [[Dwarka]], [[Bhalka]] (place of death of Krishna).
** [[Rama]] circuit – [[Ram Van Gaman Path]]: This prikarma entails [[Ayodhya]], [[Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh#Places of tourist importance|Chitrakoot]], [[Hampi]] and [[Rameswaram]].
** [[Sapta Puri]], 7 holiest Hindu cities in India viz. [[Ayodhya]], [[Mathura]], [[Haridwar]], [[Varanasi]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Ujjain]], [[Dwarka]].
** [[Shakti Pitha]]s
** [[Shiva]] circuits
*** [[Char Dham]], holiest pilgrimage circuit of 4 sites viz. Badrinath, Dwaraka, Puri and Rameswaram.
*** [[Chota Char Dham]], smaller pilgrimage circuit of 4 sites in Uttarakhand viz. Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath.
*** [[Jyotirlinga|Maha Jyotirlinga]], 12 holiest Shiva lingam temples in India.
*** [[Mount Kailash]] and [[Lake Manasarovar]] yatra circuit.
* Buddha circuit: These prikarma entails the following:
** [[List of places where Gautama Buddha stayed|places Lord Buddha stayed]],
** [[Buddhist pilgrimage sites]] in [[Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India|India]] and [[Buddhist pilgrimage sites in Nepal|Nepal]] which cover prominent historic Buddhist sites at [[Lumbini]], [[Bodh Gaya]], [[Sarnath]], [[Sravasti]] ([[Jetavana]]), [[Rajgir Hills]], [[Kurukshetra]] ([[Bodh Stupa]] on bank of [[Brahma Sarovar]], pilgrimage undertaken by Buddha), [[Sugh Ancient Mound|Shrughna]] ([[Yamunanagar]], vihara visited by Buddha for sermon), [[Adi Badri, Haryana|Adi Badri]] (saraswati udgam sthal and vihara visited by Buddha), [[Parinirvana Stupa]] (place of death and [[nirvana]] of Buddha at [[Kushinagar]], and [[Sankissa]].
** [[Buddhism in Japan|Japan]] has but many Buddhism related pilgrim yatras, such as [[Shikoku Pilgrimage]], eighty-eight temples pilgrimage in the Shikoku island, [[Japan 100 Kannon Pilgrimage]].
* Sikh circuit: This prikarma entails the following:
** [[Panj Takht]], namely [[Golden Temple]], [[Takht Sri Patna Sahib]], [[Hazur Sahib|Nanded Hazur Sahib]], [[Takht Sri Damdama Sahib|Takht Sri Damdama Sahib Bhatinda]], and [[Anandpur Sahib]].
** [[Guru Nanak]]'s birth and death places at [[Gurdwara Janam Asthan]] and [[Kartarpur Corridor]] (both in Pakistan), his travels called [[Guru Nanak#Odysseys (Udasis)|udasi]].
** Martyrs's places at [[Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib]] and [[Fatehgarh Sahib]] of martyrdom of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] and children of Guru Gobind Singh respectively by Muslim rulers for refusing to convert to Islam.
** Place of pilgrims by Sikh Gurus: [[Kurukshetra]], [[Kapal Mochan]], [[Paonta Sahib]], etc.
** Capitals of important Sikh states: [[Lahore]] (capital of largest Sikh state of Maharaja [[Ranjit Singh]]) and [[Lohgarh (Bilaspur)|Lohgarh]] (capital of Sikh state founded by Baba [[Banda Bahadur]] in Yamunanagar).
** [[Fateh Burj]] at Chapar Chiri where Banda bahadur defeated mughals in [[Battle of Chappar Chiri]] and avenged murder of Sikh gurus and their children.
* Jain circuit:
** Many of the [[List of Jain temples|Jain tirthas]] are related to the [[Tirthankara]], or
** they are among the newly constructed [[List of largest Jain temples|largest Jain temples]].

==Famous yatras==
{{anchor | Famous || Yatra | Popular }}

===48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra ===
{{Main|48 kos parikrama}}
[[File:48_kos_parikrama.jpg|thumb|240x180px|right|48 kos parikrama route related to Krishna and Mahabharata in and around Kurukshetra in Haryana]]

[[48 kos parikrama of Kurukshetra]], phrase meaning a 48 [[Kos (unit)|kos]] circumambulation [[parikrama]] of various [[Mahabharata]]-related and other pilgrimage sites, around the holy city of [[Kurukshetra]] in the state of [[Haryana]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/MAPs/ReligiousMap/map.jpg |title=Kurukshetra map |website=kurukshetra.nic.in |access-date=24 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625103022/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/MAPs/ReligiousMap/map.jpg |archive-date=25 June 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="hartour">{{cite web | url=http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5106 | title=Haryana Tourism | access-date=24 July 2016 | archive-date=10 August 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810011703/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5106 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="cmhry">{{cite web | url=http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/737 | title=Development of all pilgrimage sites located within a radius of 48 kos (miles) of Kurukshetra would be carried out | date=11 October 2015 | publisher=Chief Minister's Office, Haryana | access-date=24 July 2016 | archive-date=27 July 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727083349/http://haryanacmoffice.gov.in/newsupdates/details/id/737 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="harekrsna">{{cite web | url=http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/05-12/features2460.htm | title=The 48 Kos Kurukshetra Region | publisher=harekrsna.com | access-date=24 July 2016 | archive-date=27 July 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727020355/http://www.harekrsna.com/sun/features/05-12/features2460.htm | url-status=live }}</ref> Within Kurukshetra, along with Brahma Sarovar, other important sites are [[Jyotisar]] (place of ''"Gitaupadesha"'' – the first [[Upadeśa]] or discourse of [[Bhagavad Gita]] by Krishna)<ref>[http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/014-joytisar/index.htm Jyotisar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419185214/http://kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/014-joytisar/index.htm |date=2018-04-19 }} Kurukshetra district website.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jyotisar | publisher = [[Haryana Tourism Corporation Limited]] | url = http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5326 | access-date = 2014-08-08 | archive-date = 2017-02-15 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170215035251/http://haryanatourism.gov.in/showpage.aspx?contentid=5326 | url-status = live }}</ref> and [[Sannihit Sarovar]] ([[Hindu genealogy registers at Kurukshetra, Haryana|Hindu genealogy registers of Kurukshetra]] are kept here).<ref>{{cite web| title = Tirath in Kurukshetra - Sannehit Sarovar| publisher = Kurukshetra district website| url = http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/011-sanhitsarovar/index.htm| access-date = 2014-08-08| archive-date = 2014-08-06| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140806210713/http://www.kurukshetra.nic.in/tour/Religious/tirath/Kurukshetra/011-sanhitsarovar/index.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref> Since this is a site associated with the Mahabharata, it is an important place of pilgrimage for Hindus. It is one of 3 main pilgrimage sites related to ''"Krishna"'' circuit. The other two being, ''"[[Vraja Parikrama|Braj parikarma]]"'' in [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]] and "''[[Dwarkadhish Temple#Pilgrimage|Dwarka parkarma]]''" (Dwarkadish yatra) at [[Dwarkadhish Temple]] in [[Gujarat]].

===84 Kosi Parikrama===

The 84-Kosi Yatra is a tradition in Hindu religion that has been there for thousands of years with the belief that it gives deliverance to the performer from the cycle of 84-Lakh Yonis (the cycle of birth and death). According to Hindu belief, the king of Ayodhya performed the "yagna" in the "treta period" at a place in Makhurha in Basti district of [[Uttar Pradesh]] which included circumnavigating the six districts in the region. Some religious leaders believe that the right place to start the parikrama should be Basti instead of Ayodhya. According to some, the dates for 84-Kosi Yatra are fixed and takes place in the month of [[Chaitra]].

===Mithila Madhya Parikrama===
{{Main| Mithila Madhya Parikrama}}

[[Mithila Madhya Parikrama]] is an annual fifteen days journey of the central part of ancient [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]. It is the ancient circular circuit of the capital city of Mithila. In [[Treta Yuga]], [[Rama|Lord Rama]] and Princess [[Sita]] took a circle journey of the capital of Mithila after their marriage in the court of King [[Janaka]] in Mithila. This Yatra is held every year in the month of [[Falgun]] in Hindu calendar.

=== Sitamarhi Dham Parikrama ===
{{Main|Sitamarhi Dham Parikrama}}
Sitamarhi Dham Parikrama is an annual nineteen days spiritual journey of some Hindu religious destinations in the region of the Sitamarhi district. It is organised to aware the importance of the Janaki Navami festival.

===Amarnath Yatra===
[[File:Amarnath yatra.jpg|thumb|Pilgrims crossing a narrow bridge to the holy shrine of Amarnath]]

The [[Amarnath Temple]] in Jammu and Kashmir is dedicated to Shiva, one of the trinity of gods. The temple is on [[Amarnath Peak]], and is among the most famous shrines in Hinduism. Every year inside the main Amarnath cave an ice Shiva [[lingam]] forms, along with two other ice formations representing Ganesha and Parvati. Amarnath yatra is held every year to pay homage to Shiva and Parvati. The temple is a very popular yatra destination for Hindus; about four lakh people visit during the season.

===Brij Yatra===
[[File:KesiGhat_River.JPG|thumb|240x180px|right|Kesi Ghat in vrindavan in the Yamuna River]]

[[Vraja Parikrama]] circuit of pilgrimage was formally established by the 16th century [[sadhu]]s of [[Sampradaya#Vaishnava sampradayas|vaishnava sampradaya]] with fixed routes, itinerary and rituals. The circuit covers is spread across 2500 km2 area with 84 [[Kos (unit)|kos]] or 300 km long periphery extending 10 km to east and 50 km to north and west. Braj has two main types of pilgrimage circuits, the traditional longer ''"Braj Yatra"'' encompassing the whole circuit, and the other shorter significantly modified contemporary point-to-point pilgrimage to visit the main sites at Mathura, Vrindavan, [[Gokul]], [[Govardhan]]. The former, longer traditional pilgrimage route, also includes additional sacred sites [[Nandgaon, Uttar Pradesh|Nandgaon]] and [[Barsana]] with travel on foot.<ref name=janet1>Janet Cochrane, 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LC4c7i3WrPgC&dq=Braj+region+covers+haryana+and+rajasthan&pg=PA249 Asian Tourism: Growth and Change] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407145723/https://books.google.com/books?id=LC4c7i3WrPgC&dq=Braj+region+covers+haryana+and+rajasthan&pg=PA249 |date=2023-04-07 }}, page 249.</ref>

===Char Dham Yatra===

The [[Chardham]] or "four divine abodes" includes four major pilgrimage places in India. These include [[Badrinath]] in the Himalayas, [[Dwarka]] in the west, [[Jagannath Puri]] in the east, and [[Rameshwaram]] in the south.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Lochtefeld |first=James G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AbWazgEACAAJ |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M |date=2002 |publisher=Rosen |isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8 |pages=182, 229, 330-331, 699-700, 780 |language=en}}</ref> The Char Dham is often considered the most revered sites for Hindus that have to be visited in one's lifetime. There is a [[Chota Char Dham]] as well includes Yamunotri, Gangotri, Badrinath, and [[Kedarnath]] situated in [[Garhwal Himalayas]].

===Deoghar Yatra===

[[Deoghar]] means abode of the gods and goddesses. It is also known as Baidyanath Dham or Baba Dham situated on the eastern side of [[Jharkhand]]. The [[Baidyanath]] Temple is located here containing one of the twelve Shiva [[Jyothirlingam]]s in India.<ref name=":0" /> The pilgrims carry the holy water of holy river Ganges from [[Sultanganj]]'s and offered to the Jyotirlingam of Shiva at Deoghar. These pilgrims called Kanwariya, reciting Bol Bam on the way of walk 109 km, The march of Kanwariya start during the holy month of Shravan the wet season each year in India. [[Shraavana#Shravani Mela|Shravani Mela]] is the most celebrated 30-day festival in [[Baidyanath Temple]] Temple of Jharkhand.

===Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra===

[[Lake Manasarovar|Mansarovar]] is a fresh-water lake in [[Tibet]] near Mount [[Kailash]], and both are places of pilgrimage attracting religious people from India and neighboring countries. The mountain is considered a sacred place in four religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, [[Jainism]], and [[Bon]]. According to Hindu mythology mount Kailash is the abode of Shiva and circumambulating Mount Kailash on foot is a holy ritual.<ref name=":0" /> Another lake called Lake [[Rakshastal]] lying close to the west of Lake Manasarovar and The Great Mount Kailash. These lakes are the source of the [[Brahmaputra]] River and the [[Karnali River]], a tributary of the river Ganges.

===Kanwar Yatra===
{{Main|Kanwar Yatra}}

The [[Kanwar Yatra]] is an annual pilgrimage of devotees of Shiva, known as ''Kānwarias'', to Hindu pilgrimage places of Haridwar, Gaumukh and Gangotri in Uttarakhand and Sultanganj in Bihar to fetch holy waters of Ganges River. Millions of participants gather [[Sacred waters|sacred water]] from the Ganga and carry it across hundreds of miles to dispense as offerings in their local Śhiva shrines, or specific temples such as Pura Mahadeva and Augharnath temple in Meerut, and Kashi Vishwanath, Baidyanath, and Deoghar in Jharkhand.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Uprising of the Fools|last=Singh|first=Vikash|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=2017}}</ref>

===Kashi yatra===
{{Main|Kashi Yatra}}

At [[Kashi Yatra]], it is customary for every Hindu to undergo Kashi yatra on barefoot. Pilgrims also visit [[Gaya district|Gaya]] to do [[Gaya Shraddha]] to their ancestors. Details regarding how to perform various rituals, the greatness of Kashi Kshetra.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/exclusives/kumbh-mela-diaries-varanasi-717844.html|title=Kumbh Mela Diaries: Varanasi|access-date=2019-08-01|archive-date=2019-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801171437/https://www.deccanherald.com/exclusives/kumbh-mela-diaries-varanasi-717844.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Importance of Kashi yatra is said in '''Kasi-Khand''' of [[Skanda Purana]].{{clarify|date=November 2018}}

===Pandharpur yatra of Maharashtra===

[[Pandharpur Wari#Yatra routes|Pandharpur yatra]] is one of the most popular festivals in India.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} The annual yatra to the famous [[Vithoba]] temple at [[Pandharpur]] is held every year during the month of June and July. Thousands of pilgrims come to Pandharpur carrying [[litter (vehicle)|litters]] with the images of [[Jñāneśvar]] from [[Alandi]], [[Tukaram]] from [[Dehu]], [[Eknath]] from [[Paithan]], and [[Nivruttinath]] from [[Trimbakeshwar]]. These pilgrims are referred to as [[Varkari]]s.

===Ratha Yatra===
{{Main|Ratha Yatra}}
Among the [[Ratha Yatra]] at various sacred sites, the most popular one is [[Ratha Yatra (Puri)|Jagannath Rath jatra]] at Puri in Odisha. Other popular Rath Yatras are [[Dhamrai Jagannath Roth]], [[Rathayatra of Mahesh]], [[Ratha Yatra#Manipur|Manipur Ratha Yatra]] in Manipur which was started in 19th century and [[Ratha Yatra#ISKCON|ISKCON Ratha Yatra]] in more than 100 places across the world.

The Festival of Chariots of [[Jagannatha]] is held every year at Puri in the state of Orissa. The ten-day ratha yatra commemorates Jagannath's annual visit to Gundicha Mata's temple a short distance away. Thousands of pilgrims come to Puri during the festival with a desire to help pull Jagannath's chariot with ropes. This is the only day when devotees who are normally not allowed in the temple premises, such as non-Hindus and foreigners, can get their glimpse of the deities.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="216px" heights="162px" perrow="3">
File:Satrunjaya Stairway.jpg|Pilgrims climbing the stairs of [[Shatrunjaya]] Maha Tirth
File:Amarnath Yatra Camp.jpg|[[Amarnath Temple#Yatra (pilgrimage) details and routes|Amarnath Yatra]] camp
File:Buddha Amarnath Yatra procession, Poonch.jpg|Buddha Amarnath Yatra procession, Poonch
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]
*[[List of Hindu festivals]]
*[[Padayatra]]
*[[Parikrama]]
*[[Religious tourism in India]]
*[[Tirtha and Kshetra]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Amarnath Yatra}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150721223413/http://santeknath.org/palkhi%20sohala.html santeknath.org]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080305055520/http://vedabase.net/y/yatra Occurrences of the phrase 'yatra' in the Vedas]

{{Worship in Hinduism}}

Spiritual Yatra Packages

[[Category:Hindu pilgrimages| ]]
[[Category:Pilgrimage in India]]

Surinder Kapoor

2026-02-12T03:05:57Z

Leonpcs: cleanup citations and improved wording based on references

{{Short description|Film producer}}
{{Family name hatnote|Kapoor|lang=Punjabi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Surinder Kapoor
| image = SurinderKapoorImg.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1925|12|23|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Peshawar]], [[North-West Frontier Province]], [[British Raj|British India]] (present-day [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]])
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2011|09|24|1925|12|23}}
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Nirmal Kapoor|1955}}
| children = [[Boney Kapoor]] (son) [[Anil Kapoor]] (son) [[Sanjay Kapoor]] (son) Reena Kapoor Marwah (daughter)
| relatives = [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] (cousin) See [[List of Hindi film families#Kapoor family (of Surinder Kapoor)|Surinder Kapoor family]]
| occupation = [[Film producer]]
}}

'''Surinder Kapoor''' (23 December 1925 – 24 September 2011) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] [[film producer]]. He produced Bollywood films and also served as President of the Film & Television Producers Guild of India from 1995 to 2001.

==Early life==
Kapoor was born in [[Peshawar]], [[British Raj|British India]] (in present-day [[Pakistan]]) into a [[Punjabi Hindus|Punjabi Hindu]] family, his parents having educated him in the [[Arya Samaj]] teachings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Vasisht |first=Divya |date=13 April 2003 |title=Boney Kapoor: A retake of life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/boney-kapoor-a-retake-of-life/articleshow/43204832.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241210093509/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/boney-kapoor-a-retake-of-life/articleshow/43204832.cms |archive-date=10 December 2024 |website=[[The Times of India]] |quote=}}</ref>

He is a distant relative of the [[Kapoor family]].<ref name="Surinder Kapoor & Prithviraj Kapoor">{{cite news|title= Surinder Kapoor & Prithviraj Kapoor|url= http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/may/04/surinder-kapoor-on-life-and-times.htm|website= Rediff.com|date= 4 May 2009|access-date= 24 February 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160302162736/http://movies.rediff.com/report/2009/may/04/surinder-kapoor-on-life-and-times.htm|archive-date= 2 March 2016|url-status= live}}</ref>

== Career ==
As a result of the [[Partition of India|1947 partition]], Kapoor quit Peshawar for [[Meerut]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] before [[Prithviraj Kapoor]], his cousin and a friend of his father, invited him to Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) to join the [[Hindi Film Industry|Hindi film industry]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Surinder Kapoor & Prithviraj Kapoor" /> Before that, he had struggled, changing his job 22 times in a year and a half, and began to live in the outhouse of Prihviraj's son, [[Raj Kapoor]].<ref name=":0" />

He started his film career as an assistant director to [[K. Asif]]<ref name=":0" /> as well a secretary to Hindi film star of the 1950s [[Geeta Bali]], his nephew [[Shammi Kapoor]]'s wife.<ref>{{cite news|title=Its all in the family |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/Its-all-in-the-family/articleshow/5076512.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708023255/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-10-02/news-interviews/28093851_1_bollywood-sanjay-leela-bhansali-s-saawariya-shashi-kapoor |url-status=live |archive-date=8 July 2012 |access-date=28 March 2012|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=2 October 2009}}</ref>

When asked in an interview, how he ''established'' S.K.International Films, he quoted in an interview "[[Rajesh Khanna]] who played the title-role in [[Shehzada]] (1972) was truly of a princely disposition. He started shooting for me without ever discussing the price, saying that we could settle that once the film is made, he said and made banner S. K. International Films became an acknowledged company."<ref>{{Cite web |date= 9 July 2023|title=ETimes BFFs: Did you know Sonam Kapoor's grandfather was a freedom fighter? Find out all about the Kapoor clan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-bffs-did-you-know-sonam-kapoors-grandfather-was-a-freedom-fighter-find-out-all-about-the-kapoor-clan/articleshow/101553004.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709225848/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/etimes-bffs-did-you-know-sonam-kapoors-grandfather-was-a-freedom-fighter-find-out-all-about-the-kapoor-clan/articleshow/101553004.cms |archive-date=9 July 2023 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> His first successful film in Hindi as a producer was ''Shehzada'' (1972). directed by [[K. Shankar]] which was a remake of Tamil film ''[[Idhu Sathiyam]]'' (1963). However, Surinder's subsequent releases such as [[Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan (film)|''Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan'']] (1978) were flops, due to which he went into huge debts. Later as a producer in the 1980s he made good money with his productions, which were remakes of [[Kannada cinema|Kannada]], [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] or [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films like ''[[Hum Paanch (1980 film)|Hum Paanch]], [[Woh Saat Din]], [[Loafer (1996 film)|Loafer]], [[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]], [[Sirf Tum]], [[Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai]], [[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]], [[No Entry]]'' - all of them starring his son [[Anil Kapoor]] in the lead. His younger son, [[Sanjay Kapoor]] was lead actor in ''[[Sirf Tum]]''.

The Dada Saheb Phalke Academy honoured him with the Shri L V Prasad Phalke award in 2009.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2009 |title=Bollywood veteran Manoj Kumar felicitated with Phalke Ratna award |url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/movies-and-theatre/bollywood-veteran-manoj-kumar-felicitated-with-phalke-ratna-award_529055.html |access-date=28 March 2012 |publisher=Zee news}}</ref>

== Death ==
He died after suffering a [[cardiac arrest]] on 24 September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|title=Film producer Surinder Kapoor dies|url=http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-film-producer-surinder-kapoor-dies-2457355.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316002138/http://daily.bhaskar.com/article/MAH-MUM-film-producer-surinder-kapoor-dies-2457355.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 March 2013 |access-date=28 March 2012 |newspaper=Daily Bhaskar |date=25 September 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Pradhan|first=Bharathi|title=Separation pangs for Sri|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111002/jsp/7days/story_14577895.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111106184519/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111002/jsp/7days/story_14577895.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 November 2011 |access-date=28 March 2012 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=2 October 2011}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
His three sons, [[Boney Kapoor|Boney]], [[Anil Kapoor|Anil]] and [[Sanjay Kapoor|Sanjay]], are also involved in the film industry. [[Anil Kapoor]] is an actor. His daughter-in-law [[Sridevi]] married to his eldest son [[Boney Kapoor|Boney]]. His daughter, Reena, is married to Sandeep Marwah of Marwah Films and Video Studios. [[Boney Kapoor|Boney]] is a film producer and [[Sanjay Kapoor|Sanjay]] acted in several films.

He has been described by his eldest son Boney as a committed [[Socialism|socialist]] and an associate of [[Achyut Patwardhan]].<ref name=":0" />

==Filmography==
*''[[Milenge Milenge]]'' (2010), producer
*''[[No Entry]]'' (2005), producer
*''[[Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai]]'' (2000), producer
*[[Pukar (2000 film)|''Pukar'']] (2000), producer
*''[[Sirf Tum]]'' (1999), producer
*''[[Judaai (1997 film)|Judaai]]'' (1997), producer
*''[[Loafer (1996 film)|Loafer]]'' (1996), producer
*''[[Woh Saat Din]]'' (1983), producer
*''[[Hum Paanch (1980 film)|Hum Paanch]]'' (1980), producer
*''[[Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan (film)|Phool Khile Hain Gulshan Gulshan]]'' (1978), producer
*''[[Ponga Pandit]]'' (1975), producer
*''Bikash Rao''
*''[[Shehzada]]'' (1972)
*''[[Ek Shrimaan Ek Shrimati]]'' (1969), producer
*''Jab Se Tumhe Dekha Hai'' (1963), producer
*''Tarzan Comes to Delhi'' (1965), producer
*''[[Farishta (1958 film)|Farishta]]'' (1958), producer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|438508}}
*[http://www.filmtvguildindia.org/ The Film & Television Producers Guild of India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221753/http://www.filmtvguildindia.org/guild_presidents.html Presidents of the Film & Television Producers Guild of India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121025000137/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-09-25/mumbai/30200639_1_cardiac-arrest-sanjay-kapoor-woh India Times]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kapoor, Surinder}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi film producers]]
[[Category:People from Peshawar]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Film on National Integration National Film Award]]
[[Category:Kapoor family]]
[[Category:Punjabi Hindus]]
[[Category:Arya Samajis]]
[[Category:Indian socialists]]

Rajesh A Krishnan

2026-02-10T02:50:10Z

Leonpcs: Added initial info nd citations

{{Short description|Film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajesh Krishnan
| image = Rajesh_A_Krishnan_image_in_2023.jpg
| birth_place = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]]
| education = [[Bachelors of Commerce]] Post Graduate studies in Advertising and Communications
| alma_mater = Vivek Vidyalaya School Shri Chinai College of Commerce & Economics Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
| occupation = Filmmaker, screenwriter, producer
| awards = [[66th Filmfare Awards]]
}}

'''Rajesh Krishnan''' is an Indian filmmaker, screenwriter and producer predominantly known for his work on various humor-based television commercials.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sonali|first=Kriti|date=2020-07-30|title=Lootcase director Rajesh Krishnan: Every incident in the film is inspired by real life|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/lootcase-director-rajesh-krishnan-kunal-kemmu-6521729/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mitra|first=Shilajit|date=3 August 2020|title=Loot and shoot: 'Lootcase' director Rajesh Krishnan opens up about shooting his first feature film|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/aug/03/loot-and-shoot-lootcase-director-rajesh-krishnan-opens-up-about-shooting-his-first-feature-film-2178234.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> He was born in [[Mumbai|Mumbai, Maharashtra]]. He made his directorial debut with ''[[Lootcase]]'', a comedy thriller,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Neelambaran|first=Nishad|date=2020-08-15|title=I wanted a kind of humour which was accessible yet intelligent: Rajesh Krishnan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/i-wanted-a-kind-of-humour-which-was-accessible-yet-intelligent-rajesh-krishnan/story-YJCXqhQNH2AFbXJXmIY97K.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|language=en}}</ref> for which he was awarded the [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director]], at the [[66th Filmfare Awards]].<ref name=":5" />

== Education ==
Rajesh was born into a [[Kerala Iyers|Palakkad Iyer]] family and grew up in [[Mumbai]]. He did his schooling at Vivek Vidyalaya School in [[Goregaon]] and studied [[Bachelor of Commerce|bachelor's in commerce]] from Shri Chinai College of Commerce & Economics. He finished his [[Postgraduate education|Post Graduate]] studies in Advertising and Communications at [[SVKM's NMIMS|Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies]] in 1995.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=27 April 2021|title=Tracing 'Lootcase' filmmaker Rajesh Krishnan's journey from Mumbai locals to Filmfare|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/tracing-lootcase-filmmaker-rajesh-krishnans-journey-from-mumbai-locals-to-filmfare|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Free Press Journal]]|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Rajesh started his career as a copywriter and worked with agencies, including Contract, Enterprise Nexus and Ogilvy for five years.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-04-13|title=How Rajesh Krishnan won his first Filmfare Award for Lootcase : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/how-rajesh-krishnan-won-his-first-filmfare-award-for-lootcase/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Bhatnagar|first=Akash|date=13 April 2021|title=Lootcase Director Rajesh Krishnan Says, 'I Want To Start A New Franchise'-EXCLUSIVE|url=https://www.spotboye.com/bollywood/news/lootcase-director-rajesh-krishnan-says-i-want-to-start-a-new-franchise-exclusive/6072f09d38c96b01b300da6f|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[9X Media|Spotboye]]|language=en}}</ref> In 2007, he founded Soda Films along with producer Ameya Dahibavkar, an advertising production house based in [[Mumbai]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Rajesh ventured into the [[Over-the-top media service in India|OTT]] space by directing [[TVF Tripling|''Tripling'']], a drama series, which was created by [[The Viral Fever]]<ref name=":3" /> and awarded the [[Asian Television Awards]] in the year 2017. In 2020, he co-wrote and directed [[Kunal Khemu]] and [[Rasika Dugal]] starrer ''[[Lootcase]]'',<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=14 July 2020|title='लूटकेस' के सितारों की ऐसे हुई घर में ही बेइज्जती, कुणाल खेमू के बाद अब छलका डायरेक्टर का दर्द|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/rajesh-krishnan-kunal-kemmu-lootcase-director-said-that-a-director-is-not-in-charge-of-promotions|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Amar Ujala]]|language=hi}}</ref> for which he received two nominations for a [[Filmfare Award for Best Story]] and [[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]];<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2021-03-26|title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards 2021 : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/nominations-66th-filmfare-awards-2021/|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|language=en}}</ref> he also won an award for [[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]] on 27 March 2021.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=Filmfare Awards 2021 Winner List|url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2021/winners|access-date=2021-05-16|website=[[Filmfare Awards]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

== Filmography ==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2020
|''[[Lootcase]]''
|{{yes}} || {{yes}}
| {{no wrap|Also portrayed}} Classical singer
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2024
|''[[Crew (film)|Crew]]''
|{{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable "
!Year
!Title
!Director
!Writer
!Notes
|-
| style="text-align:center;" |2016-2019
|''[[TVF Tripling]]''
|{{yes}} || {{no}}
|{{no wrap|1st season; and}} portrayed Tharki uncle
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
!'''Film'''
!'''Award'''
!'''Category'''
!'''Result'''
!'''Ref'''
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''''[[Lootcase]]'''''
| rowspan="3" |'''[[66th Filmfare Awards]]'''
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Story|Best Story]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref name=":4" />
|-
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Debut Director|Best Debut Director]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Sahni|first=Rashita|date=7 April 2021|title=PeepingMoon Exclusive: Winning Filmfare for 'Lootcase' was unbelievable, will make a second part when we have a good story: Director Rajesh Krishnan|url=https://www.peepingmoon.com/exclusive-news/news/54693/PeepingMoon-Exclusive-Winning-Filmfarefor-Lootcase-was-unbelievable-will-make-a-second-part-when-we-have-a-good-story-Director-Rajesh-Krishnan.html|access-date=2021-05-16|website=PeepingMoon|language=en}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=8392933}}

{{FilmfareAwardBestDirector}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:Hindi-language screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Mumbai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Rishi Bhardwaj

2026-02-08T22:10:20Z

Leonpcs: add details additionally and fixed typos for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Rishi Bhardwaj
| image = Rishi_Bhardwaj.jpg
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1986|9|10|df=yes}}
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting =
| bowling =
| role =

| club1 =
| year1 =
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| date = 5 March 2021
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1253912.html Cricinfo
}}
'''Rishi Bhardwaj''' (born 10 September 1986) is an Indian [[cricket]]er.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1253912.html |title=Rishi Bhardwaj |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> He made his [[Twenty20]] debut on 5 March 2021, for [[Kandy Customs Cricket Club]] in the [[2020–21 SLC Twenty20 Tournament]] in Sri Lanka.<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1253109.html |title=Group A, Katunayake, Mar 5 2021, SLC Twenty-20 Tournament |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=5 March 2021}}</ref> Later in the year, he moved to the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/119172/minor-league-cricket-player-spotlight-harmeet-singh-and-rishi-bhardwaj |title=Minor League Cricket Player Spotlight: Harmeet Singh and Rishi Bhardwaj |work=CricBuzz |access-date=25 September 2021}}</ref> In June 2021, Bhardwaj was selected to play for the [[Atlanta Fire]] in [[Minor League Cricket]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usacricket.org/media-release/all-27-teams-complete-initial-roster-selection-following-minor-league-cricket-draft/ |work=[[Major League Cricket]] |publisher=[[USA Cricket]] |date=10 June 2021 |title=All 27 Teams Complete Initial Roster Selection Following Minor League Cricket Draft |access-date=20 March 2022}}</ref> In 2024, he was appointed as the assistant batting coach for the USA cricket team.
Seattle Thunderbolts
He has also worked as a coach for children who play cricket.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricinfo|id=1253912}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhardwaj, Rishi}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Kandy Customs Sports Club cricketers]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
{{India-cricket-bio-1986-stub}}

Donkeli

2026-02-07T05:02:58Z

Leonpcs: Starting some pg v1

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Donkeli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Firozabad block Donkeli.png
| map_caption = Map showing Donkeli in Firozabad block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.11601|N|78.44825|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Firozabad district|Firozabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Firozabad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 2.611
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 6494
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 283203
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Donkeli''' ({{IAST|Doṃkelī}}) is a village in [[Firozabad]] block of [[Firozabad district]], Uttar Pradesh. It is located southeast of Firozabad. As of 2011, it had a population of 6,494, in 1,148 households.

== Geography ==
Donkeli is located southeast of Firozabad, south of [[National Highway 2 (India, old numbering)|the old NH 2]] and the main line of the [[Northern Railway Zone|Northern Railway]]. The Firozabad Distributary canal passes by about 0.5 km due west of Donkeli, and there is a sharp 90° angle bend in the canal's course at that location. The area surrounding the village is basically all flat farmland. Nearby villages include [[Rashidpur Kaneta]] to the northwest, [[Jamalpur, Firozabad|Jamalpur]] to the west, and [[Sargawan]] to the southeast.<ref name="Survey of India map G44A8">{{cite map |author=[[Survey of India]] |title=Open Series Map No. G44A8 |date=2005 |scale=1:50,000 |type=[[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system|Universal Transverse Mercator]] projection |edition=1st}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Donkeli had a population of 6,494, in 1,148 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|119}} This population was 53.0% male (3,445) and 47.0% female (3,049). The 0–6 age group numbered 1,050 (549 male and 501 female), making up 16.2% of the total population. 2,893 residents were members of Scheduled Castes, or 44.5% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1211/download/3858/DH_2011_0916_PART_B_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|110–1}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Donkeli as having a population of 2,552 people (1,396 male and 1,156 female), in 435 households and 436 {{sic}} physical houses.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-B: Village & Town Directory, District Agra |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28672/download/31854/28391_1981_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|194-5}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Donkeli as comprising 2 hamlets, with a total population of 1,666 people (846 male and 820 female), in 309 households and 243 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 646 acres and it had a post office and medical practitioner at that point.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (22 - Agra District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28472/download/31654/21841_1961_AGR.pdf |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|xciv}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Donkeli had 4 primary schools; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by tap, hand pump, and tube well/bore well; there were no public toilets. The village had a sub post office but no public library; there was at least some access to electricity for residential and agricultural (but not commercial) purposes. Streets were made of both ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#kachcha|kachcha]]'' and ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Firozabad, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1210/download/3854/DH_2011_0916_PART_A_DCHB_FIROZABAD.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=2 February 2026}}</ref>{{rp|119–24}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Firozabad district}}

[[Category:Villages in Firozabad district]]

Arya Salim

2026-01-30T10:03:43Z

Leonpcs:

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Arya Salim
| image = ARYA.jpg
| caption = Arya Salim in 2019
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| alma_mater =
| spouse =
}}
'''Arya Salim''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam films]]. She made her acting debut in 2017 with the Malayalam film ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' directed by Ratheish Kumar. She has since appeared in ''[[Ee.Ma.Yau.]]'', ''[[Thamaasha]]'', ''[[Aarkkariyam]]'', ''[[Minnal Murali]]'', ''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]'', ''[[Iratta]],'' ''[[RDX: Robert Dony Xavier]]'' and ''[[Abraham Ozler]]''.

== Acting career ==

Arya Salim made her acting debut in the 2017 with the Malayalam film ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]''. In 2019, Arya appeared in ''Qamar Hady'', an Egyptian TV series.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}<ref>{{Citation|title=Qamar Hady|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15684162/|publisher=Synergy|date=2019-05-06|access-date=2026-01-30|others=Aya Samaha, Hani Salama, Yousra El Lozy}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Arya Salim film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham ]]'' || [[Police Constable]] Saramma ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Malayalam Movies acted by Arya Salim |url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?a=14362 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923212921/https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?a=14362 |archive-date=23 September 2023 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2018 || ''[[Swathanthryam Ardharathriyil]]''|| Ancy ||
|-
|''[[Ee.Ma.Yau.]]'' || Elisabeth ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-17 |title=Sunny Wayne to romance Lijo Jose Pelliserry movie Ee Ma Yau fame Arya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/sunny-wayne-to-romance-lijo-jose-pelliserry-movie-ee-ma-yau-fame-arya/articleshow/62961539.cms |access-date=2024-02-01 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[French Viplavam]]'' || ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-03 |title='ഇല ചെന്ന് വീണാലും മുള്ള് കൊരുത്താലും ഇലയ്ക്ക് കേടാ'; പരീക്ഷണപാട്ടുമായി സണ്ണി വെയ്‌നും കൂട്ടരും |url=https://archives.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/music/sunny-wayne-french-viplavam-movie-song-mullu-mullu-maju-sunny-wayne-arya-experimental-song-1.3029388 |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Mathrubhumi |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Thamaasha]]'' || Ameera ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2021 || ''[[Aarkkariyam]]'' || Sheeja ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennyson |date=2021-05-22 |title=Aarkkariyam |url=https://moviesofthesoul.com/2021/05/22/aarkkariyam/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Movies of the Soul |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327044543/https://moviesofthesoul.com/2021/05/22/aarkkariyam/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Minnal Murali]]'' || Jesmi ||
|-
| ''[[Bheemante Vazhi]]'' || Advocate Deepa ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennyson |date=2022-01-01 |title=Bheemante Vazhi |url=https://moviesofthesoul.com/2022/01/01/bheeman/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Movies of the Soul |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401164151/https://moviesofthesoul.com/2022/01/01/bheeman/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022 || ''[[Kochaal]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[19(1)(a)]]'' || Jenny Philip ||
|-
| ''[[1744 White Alto]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2023 || ''[[Iratta]]'' || {{sortname|[[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]] Savitha|Sathyan||Sathyan, Savitha |nolink=1}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-24 |title=Intriguing Malayalam thriller films available on OTT |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/the-teacher-iratta-and-more-intriguing-malayalam-thrillers-to-watch-on-ott-12338602.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[RDX: Robert Dony Xavier]]'' || Jancy ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tennyson |date=2023-09-24 |title=RDX |url=https://moviesofthesoul.com/2023/09/24/rdx/ |access-date=2024-02-01 |website=Movies of the Soul |language=en |archive-date=5 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005174645/https://moviesofthesoul.com/2023/09/24/rdx/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Panchavalsara Padhathi]]'' || Deepa Pradeep [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]||{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Abraham Ozler]]'' || [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Divya Sreedharan ||<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Praveen |first1=S. R. |date=2024-01-11 |title='Abraham Ozler' movie review: A serial killer pursuit that fizzles out soon |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/abraham-ozler-movie-review-a-serial-killer-pursuit-that-fizzles-out-soon/article67730146.ece |access-date=2024-02-01 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=subscription |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120112101/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/abraham-ozler-movie-review-a-serial-killer-pursuit-that-fizzles-out-soon/article67730146.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=Anoop Menon And Dhyan Sreenivasan Team Up For Malayalam Film Production No 14 |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/anoop-menon-and-dhyan-sreenivasan-team-up-for-malayalam-film-production-no-14-8750371.html |access-date=2024-02-02 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2025 || ''[[Narivetta]]'' || C. K Shanthi (character based on C.K Jaanu) ||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2024-08-06 |title=Suraj Venjaramoodu joins the sets of Tovino's 'Narivetta' |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2024/Aug/06/suraj-venjaramoodu-joins-the-sets-of-tovinos-narivetta |access-date=2025-03-17 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm10803741}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Salim, Arya}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}

Banaras Hindu University Act, 1915

2026-01-28T14:38:55Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|Act of Indian Parliament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Banaras Hindu University Act, 1915
| legislature = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| image = File:BHU Main Gate, Banaras Hindu University enhanced.jpg
| imagesize = 150
| imagealt = Banaras Hindu University
| caption = The university main entrance gate
| long_title = An Act to establish and incorporate a teaching and residential Hindu University at Banaras
| citation = {{cite act
| type = Act
| index = 16
| date = 1915
| title = Banaras Hindu University Act
| url = https://legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/banaras-hindu-university-act-1915
| language = English
}}
| territorial_extent = India
| enacted_by = [[Imperial Legislative Council]]
| date_enacted =
| date_passed = 1 October 1915
| date_assented =
| date_signed = 1 October 1915
| signed_by = [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]]
| date_commenced = 1 April 1916
| bill_date = 11 March 1915
| introduced_by = [[Harcourt Butler]]
| amended_by = {{Ubl|Benares Hindu University (Amendment) Act, 1930|Benares Hindu University (Amendment) Act 1951|Banaras Hindu University (Amendment) Act, 1958|Banaras Hindu University (Amendment) Act, 1966|Banaras Hindu University (Amendment) Act, 1969|Delegated Legislation Provisions (Amendment) Act, 2004|Central Universities Laws (Amendment) Act, 2008}}
| summary = An act to establish and incorporate a teaching and residential, [[Banaras Hindu University|Hindu university at Banaras]].
| keywords =
| status = in force
| Key proponent = [[Madan Mohan Malviya|Mahamana Madan Mohan Malviya]]
}}

The '''Banaras Hindu University Act,''' '''1915''' (also called the '''BHU Act''''')'', is an act of [[Parliament of India]], passed on 1 October 1915 and assented by the [[Governor-General of India|Viceroy and Governor-General of India]] on the same day to establish [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Dar |first1=S.L. |url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-bhu |title=History Of The Banaras Hindu University |last2=Somaskandan |first2=S. |publisher=Banaras Hindu University Press |year=1966 |isbn=8185305226 |location= |page=291 |language=English |author-link=}}</ref> It was the act number 16 of 1915, and came into force from 1 April 1916 on being published in the [[Gazette of India]] on 23 March 1916.<ref name=":1">{{cite act|type=Act|index=16|date=1915|title=Banaras Hindu University Act|url=https://legislative.gov.in/actsofparliamentfromtheyear/banaras-hindu-university-act-1915|language=English}}</ref>

The act has been amended six times thus far, in 1922, 1930, 1951, 1958, 1966, and 1969.<ref name=":1"/>

== History ==
{{See also|Banaras Hindu University#History}}In 1905<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sessions of Congress |url=https://www.inc.in/inc-sessions/ |access-date=2022-09-03 |website=Indian National Congress |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022180718/https://www.inc.in/inc-sessions |url-status=dead }}</ref> at the twenty first conference of [[Indian National Congress]] in [[Banaras]] [[Madan Mohan Malaviya|Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] announced his goal of establishing a university in Banaras. [[Mahamana|''Mahamana'' Malviya]] established a Hindu University Society, with [[Maharaja of Darbhanga]] [[Rameshwar Singh Bahadur]] as the president to crowd-source the funding from all over [[Indian subcontinent]] for the establishment of such university.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Banaras Hindu University|first=Banaras Hindu University|date=3 January 2022|title=PANDIT MADAN MOHAN MALAVIYA The Man, The Spirit, The Vision|url=https://bhu.ac.in/mahamana.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803042531/http://www.bhu.ac.in:80/mahamana.php |archive-date=2013-08-03 }}</ref>

The first draft was prepared in October 1911.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dar|first1=S.L.|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-bhu|title=History Of The Banaras Hindu University|last2=Somaskandan|first2=S.|publisher=Banaras Hindu University Press|year=1966|isbn=8185305226|location=|page=269|language=English|author-link=}}</ref>

On 22 March 1915, then [[Ministry of Education (India)|Education Minister]] [[Harcourt Butler]] introduced the ''Benares Hindu University Bill.''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Dar|first1=S.L.|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-bhu|title=History Of The Banaras Hindu University|last2=Somaskandan|first2=S.|publisher=Banaras Hindu University Press|year=1966|isbn=8185305226|location=|page=271|language=English|author-link=}}</ref> In his speech he remarked about the university:
{{Blockquote|text=My Lord, this is no ordinary occasion. We are watching to-day the birth of a new and, many hope, a better type of University in India. The main features of this University, which distinguish it from existing Universities, will be, first. that it will be a teaching and residential University; secondly, that while it will be open to all castes and creeds, it will insist upon religious instructions for Hindus, and thirdly, that it will be conducted and managed by the Hindu community and almost entirely by non-officials|author=[[Harcourt Butler]] 11 March 1915, [[Imperial Legislative Council]], New Delhi, India <ref>{{cite book|last1=Dar|first1=S.L.|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-bhu|title=History Of The Banaras Hindu University|last2=Somaskandan|first2=S.|publisher=Banaras Hindu University Press|year=1966|isbn=8185305226|location=|page=273|language=English|author-link=}}</ref>}}
The bill was passed on 1 October 1915.<ref name=":0"/>
== The Act ==

*[https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1915-16.pdf The Banaras Hindu University Act, 1915, ''as modified upto December 2018'']
*[[c:File:Benares_Hindu_University_Act_1915_Original.pdf|The Benares Hindu University Act, ''as passed in 1915'']]
[[File:First Page of Benares Hindu University Act 1915.jpg|alt=Benares Hindu University Act 1915|thumb|323x323px|[[c:File:Benares_Hindu_University_Act_1915_Original.pdf|First page of then Benares Hindu University Act, as passed in 1915]]|center]]

== Statutes ==
The [[Statutes]] in force at the commencement of the [[BHU|university]] were added into the BHU act as a schedule vide an amendment in 1966.<ref>{{Cite law|type=Amendment Act|index=52|date=1966|article=17(2)|legislature=[[Parliament of India]]|pages=12|url=https://legislative.gov.in/sites/default/files/A1915-16.pdf}}</ref> The statutes of the university are published on the [https://web.archive.org/web/20020209203743/http://www.bhu.ac.in/bhuact/bhuact_chap211.htm official website], and are not usually added to the Act document.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Banaras Hindu University|state=expanded}}
[[Category:Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:Acts of the Imperial Legislative Council]]

Battle of Samana

2026-01-25T22:04:10Z

Leonpcs:

{{Short description|1709 conflict}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Disputed|date=February 2022}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=February 2022}}
}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Battle of Samana
| partof = [[Mughal-Sikh Wars]]
| image =
| caption =
| date = 26 November 1709
| place = [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]]{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=124}}
| territory =
| result = Sikh victory<ref name="sarsa">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=06k5ygAACAAJ|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges|page=891|author= Jacques, Tony|year=2007|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-33536-5}}</ref><ref name="jacques">Jacques, p. 892</ref> Establishment of the First Sikh State
| combatant1 = {{flagicon image|Sikh flag.jpg}} [[Khalsa]]
* [[Ryot|Peasants]]
* [[Dahiya (surname)|Dahiyas]] of [[Khanda, Sonipat|Khanda]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Joon |first=Rs |date=2017-04-20 |title=Foreword to History: A Novel |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0023 |journal=University of Illinois Press |volume=1 |pages=179–180 |doi=10.5406/illinois/9780252039003.003.0023 |quote=While on his way to Punjab, Banda Bairagi broke his journey at Sehri - Khandaa a Jat village of Dahiya Gotra, 20 miles west of Delhi. From there he dispatched letters to all the Jathedars of the Panth to concentrate forthwith. He planned to attack and loot the Royal treasury by and by the Sikhs started arriving and the strength of the force rose to 14000. He attached Samana, overran Sadhora|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Mughal Empire]]
| commander1 = {{flagicon image|Sikh flag.jpg}} [[Banda Singh Bahadur]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg}} [[Wazir Khan (Sirhind)|Wazir Khan]]
| strength1 = 3,000 [[Sowar|Cavalry]] 5,000 Infantry 8,000 Total
| strength2 = 10,000+
| casualties1 = Unknown
| casualties2 = 10,000 Mughal killed<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda |title=A Short History of the Sikhs |publisher=Orient Longmans |year=1950 |pages=79}}</ref>
}}
{{Campaignbox Mughal-Sikh Wars}}

The '''Battle of Samana''' was fought between the [[Khalsa]] under the leadership of [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] and the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Government of [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] in 1709. Following the battle, [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] shook the administration of [[Old Delhi|Delhi]].<ref name="Mikaberidze2011">{{cite book|author=Alexander Mikaberidze|authorlink= Alexander Mikaberidze|title=Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBBYD2J2oE4C&pg=PA120|accessdate=15 September 2013|date=31 July 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-337-8|pages=120–}}</ref>

==Background==
Samana was a town where executioners Sayyed Jalal-ud-din, Shashal Beg and Bashal Beg lived. Sayyed Jalal-ud-din was responsible for the execution of Sikh [[Guru Teg Bahadur]], whereas, Shashal Beg and Bashal Beg were responsible for the execution of Guru Gobind Singh's [[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|two]] [[Fateh Singh (Sikhism)|children]].{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=125}}<ref name="pat">{{cite book|title=The Sikhs|last=Singh|first=Patwant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=27XYeylUzWwC&pg=PT68|publisher=[[Crown Publishing Group]]|year= 2007|isbn=9780307429339|pages=68}}</ref>

==Battle==
The [[Sikhs]] had 3,000 horsemen and 5,000 foot-soldiers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Singh and Singh|first=Daljeet and Kharak|title=Sikhism its Philosophy and History|publisher=Institute of Sikh Studies|year=1997|isbn=81-85815-03-8|location=Nagar, Chandigarh|pages=426}}</ref> The commander of [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]] had his town well defended. [[Banda Singh Bahadur|Banda]] advanced with speed during the night and reached the gates of Samana by the dawn of November 26. Once the gate-keepers were killed the whole army charged into the town. The executioners of [[Guru Tegh Bahadur]] and his [[Fateh Singh (Sikhism)|grand]][[Zorawar Singh (Sikhism)|children]] were killed.<ref name=":0" /> The [[Ryot|peasantry]] of the neighborhood joined Banda Singh's army of 8,000, looking to wreak vengeance upon their expropriating [[Zamindar|zamindars]] (feudal lords) and together with Banda and his army entered the town from all sides, killed thousands of the city's inhabitants and razed the town.{{sfn|Sagoo|2001|p=125}}<ref>{{cite book|author=|title=Journal of Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TDFuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA209|year=1981|publisher=Department of Modern Indian History, 1981 |pages=209|quote=The peasantry joined hands with the Sikhs and did not hesitate to wreak vengeance upon their expropriating landlords.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Grewal |first=J. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2_nryFANsoYC&pg=PA82 |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab |date=1998-10-08 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-63764-0 |pages=82 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="jacques">Jacques, p. 892</ref> Nearly 10,000 Muslims are said to have been massacred in the town and a great amount of wealth was obtained.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.73329/page/n67/mode/2up?view=theater |title=Studies in Later Mughal History of the Panjab, 1707-1793 |pages=46|date=1944}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Ganda |title=A Short History of the Sikhs |publisher=Orient Longmans |year=1950 |pages=79}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
After the successful expedition against Samana, [[Banda Singh Bahadur]] established the First Sikh State and appointed [[Fateh Singh (Sikh warrior)|Fateh Singh]] as the Governor of [[Samana, Punjab|Samana]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Gandhi|first=Surjit|url= https://archive.org/details/SikhsInTheEighteenthCentury/page/n28/mode/2up|title= Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century|page=28|date=1999}}</ref> Later, some important towns on the way to Sirhind were plundered, especially as they could provide military assistance to Sirhind.{{sfn|Gandhi|1999|p=28}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty|last=Sagoo|first=Harbans Kaur|url=https://archive.org/details/BandaSinghBahadurAndSikhSovereignty/page/n139/mode/1up|year=2001|isbn=9788176293006|publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |pages=124}}</ref> Banda also forcibly took supplies from the villagers and plundered [[Ambala]] on the way.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Macauliffe |first=Max Arthur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMeclUzAh9sC&pg=PA247 |title=The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors |date=2013-03-28 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-05547-5 |pages=247 |language=en}}</ref> The villages of [[Kunjpura]], [[Ghuram]] and Thaska were also destroyed by the Sikhs, which were inhabited by Muslim [[Ranghar]]s, who committed atrocities against the general population.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Hari Ram |url=https://apnaorg.com/books/english/history-of-sikhs-v2/history-of-sikhs-v2.pdf |title=History of the Sikhs: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708-69) |publisher=Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers |pages=9|date=1999|isbn=9788121502481|orig-date=1937}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Samana}}
[[Category:Battles involving the Sikhs]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1709]]
[[Category:1709 in India]]
[[Category:1700s in the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Rajputs]]

Saripodhaa Sanivaaram (soundtrack)

2026-01-23T07:00:59Z

Leonpcs: added pg!

{{Short description|2024 soundtrack album by Jakes Bejoy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox album
| name = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| cover = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram album cover.jpg
| caption = Soundtrack album cover
| alt =
| released = 25 August 2024
| recorded = 2023–2024
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 39:49
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| prev_title = [[Adios Amigo (2024 film)|Adios Amigo]]
| prev_year = 2024
| next_title = [[Mechanic Rocky]]
| next_year = 2024
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|BAiguyjxGg8&pp|Audio Jukebox}}
}}
{{Singles
| name = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram
| type = soundtrack
| single1 = Garam Garam
| single1date = 15 June 2024
| single2 = Ullaasam
| single2date = 13 July 2024
| single3 = Sari Ma Pa
| single3date = 24 August 2024
}}
}}

'''''Saripodhaa Sanivaaram''''' is the [[Soundtrack album|soundtrack]] to the 2024 film [[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram|of the same name]] directed by [[Vivek Athreya]] and produced by [[D. V. V. Danayya]] and Kalyan Dasari under [[DVV Entertainment]], starring [[Nani (actor)|Nani]] and [[S. J. Suryah]]. The album featured 12 tracks composed by [[Jakes Bejoy]] with lyrics for the songs being written by Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu, Sanare, [[Krishna Kanth]] and Karthik Sachin. The lyrics for the dubbed versions were written by Mani Amudhavan and Mohan Rajan in Tamil, Santhosh Varma and Joe Paul in Malayalam, Hridaya Shiva in Kannada, Siddhant Kaushal and Vikram Edke in Hindi. Preceded by three singles, the album was released under the [[Sony Music India]] label on 25 August 2024.

== Development ==
In October 2023, during the film's launch, it was announced that [[Jakes Bejoy]] would compose the film's music and background score, in his first collaboration with Nani and Athreya. Bejoy recalled that his compositions for the Malayalam film ''[[King of Kotha]]'' (2023) attributed to his involvement in the project as Athreya liked the film's soundscape which was a blend of North Indian percussive music with western orchestral beats.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2024-09-06 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram composer Jakes Bejoy: I am feeling true Telugu love now |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2024/Sep/06/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-composer-jakes-bejoy-i-am-feeling-true-telugu-love-now |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923172830/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2024/Sep/06/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-composer-jakes-bejoy-i-am-feeling-true-telugu-love-now |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

Following his involvement, he composed the musical piece for the promotional title teaser ''Unchained''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title='Saripodhaa Sanivaaram': Nani's 31st film gets a title, first-look promo out |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-pan-india-film-nani31-title-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-first-look-poster-2452667-2023-10-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028174943/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/nani-pan-india-film-nani31-title-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-first-look-poster-2452667-2023-10-23 |archive-date=2023-10-28 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-23 |title=Nani 31 is now Saripodha Sanivaram |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Oct/23/nani-31-is-now-saripodha-sanivaram-48872.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055535/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/Oct/23/nani-31-is-now-saripodha-sanivaram-48872.html |archive-date=2023-11-02 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> Bejoy wanted to bring that "pucca Marvel superhero mood" making it standout from regular commercial films and the announcement video helped him to come up with a theme.<ref name=":0" /> Bejoy further composed separate themes for the promotional materials, such as Surya's (Nani) and Daya's (Suryah) character teasers that helped him to develop the soundscape for the project.<ref name=":0" /> He added "Every two months we were working on a new theme. By the time four videos came out, we had four solid themes, and the audience already registered it. My duty was just to use those themes at the appropriate places in the film."<ref name=":0" />

Once he had the themes ready, Bejoy focused on the film's high moments.<ref name=":0" /> He further recalled that the post-interval fight sequence between Surya and Daya's planning moments that culminated in the pub sequence where Surya attacks Daya, was a challenging moment where there are no dialogues and the entire sequence being musically driven. It took him five days to get the moment right, adding "That build-up is what worked—the way it starts to reach a crescendo. It's a technique in scoring."<ref name=":0" /> All the songs in the film had a different musical vibe. The promotional song "Sa Ri Ma Pa" was targeted for the [[Instagram Reels]] audience.<ref name=":0" />

== Release ==
The film's music rights were acquired by [[Sony Music India]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1758821662022377906 |user=DVVMovies |title=#SaripodhaaSanivaaram Audio on @SonyMusicSouth ❤️‍🔥 |author=DVV Entertainment |author-link=D. V. V. Danayya |date=17 February 2024 |access-date=17 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521010351/https://x.com/DVVMovies/status/1758821662022377906 |archive-date=21 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Soon after the announcement, the song "Unchained" which soundtracked the film's announcement trailer, was released on 19 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 February 2024 |title=Unchained (From "Saripodhaa Sanivaaram") – Single |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/unchained-from-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-single/1732995561 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828113628/https://music.apple.com/in/album/unchained-from-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-single/1732995561 |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=28 September 2024 |website=Apple Music}}</ref> The track "Samavarthi" which was featured in Surya's character teaser, released on Nani's birthday (24 February 2024) was separately released as an audio format on 28 February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-28 |title='Samavarthi' song from Nani-starrer Saripodhaa Sanivaaram out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Feb/27/samavarthi-song-from-nani-starrer-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-out-52443.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928183223/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Feb/27/samavarthi-song-from-nani-starrer-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-out-52443.html |archive-date=2024-09-28 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

The album was preceded by three singles—the first song "Garam Garam" was released as a [[Single (music)|single]] on 15 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 June 2024 |title="Garam Garam" song from Nani's 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' released, fans thrilled |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/garam-garam-song-from-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-released-fans-thrilled/articleshow/111014934.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616020233/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/garam-garam-song-from-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-released-fans-thrilled/articleshow/111014934.cms |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=15 June 2024 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> It is the introduction number for Surya's character, that featured lyrics written by Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu and sung by [[Vishal Dadlani]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-06-15 |title=Garam Garam: Nani shows off rugged avatar in Saripodhaa Sanivaaram's first song. Watch |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/garam-garam-nani-shows-off-rugged-avatar-in-saripodhaa-sanivaarams-first-song-watch-101718438654522.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240627224526/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/garam-garam-nani-shows-off-rugged-avatar-in-saripodhaa-sanivaarams-first-song-watch-101718438654522.html |archive-date=2024-06-27 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-15 |title=First single 'Garam Garam' from Nani's Saripodhaa Sanivaaram out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/15/first-single-garam-garam-from-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-out |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717152854/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jun/15/first-single-garam-garam-from-nanis-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-out |archive-date=2024-07-17 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The second single "Ullasam" was released on 13 July 2024.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=13 July 2024 |title='Ullaasam' from Saripodhaa Sanivaaram is a breezy love song |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/13/ullaasam-from-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-is-a-breezy-love-song |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828175648/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/13/ullaasam-from-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-is-a-breezy-love-song |archive-date=28 August 2024 |access-date=13 July 2024 |website=Cinema Express}}</ref> A romantic number picturized on Surya and Charulatha (Mohan), the song had lyrics written by Sanare and performed by Sanjith Hegde and Krishna Lasya Muthyala.<ref name=":1" /> The third single titled "Sa Ri Ma Pa", a promotional video song featuring Nani and Mohan, was released on 24 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2024 |title=Nani and Priyanka Arul Mohan's chemistry shines in new 'Saripodhaa Sanivaaram' song "Sa Ri Ma Pa" |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-and-priyanka-arul-mohans-chemistry-shines-in-new-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-song-sa-ri-ma-pa/articleshow/112791049.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240826100918/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nani-and-priyanka-arul-mohans-chemistry-shines-in-new-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-song-sa-ri-ma-pa/articleshow/112791049.cms |archive-date=26 August 2024 |access-date=26 August 2024 |work=Times of India}}</ref> The song featured lyrics written by [[Krishna Kanth]] and performed by [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Goutham |date=2024-08-24 |title=Sa Ri Ma Pa single OUT: Makers of Saripodhaa Sanivaaram drop a beautiful and enchanting love song ft Nani and Priyanka Arul Mohan |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sa-ri-ma-pa-single-out-makers-of-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-drop-a-beautiful-and-enchanting-love-song-ft-nani-and-priyanka-arul-mohan-1342539 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914100848/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/sa-ri-ma-pa-single-out-makers-of-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-drop-a-beautiful-and-enchanting-love-song-ft-nani-and-priyanka-arul-mohan-1342539 |archive-date=2024-09-14 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-24 |title='Sa Ri Ma Pa' from Saripodhaa Sanivaram is a melodious yet groovy fusion number |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/24/sa-ri-ma-pa-from-saripodhaa-sanivaram-is-a-melodious-yet-groovy-fusion-number |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240828103633/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Aug/24/sa-ri-ma-pa-from-saripodhaa-sanivaram-is-a-melodious-yet-groovy-fusion-number |archive-date=2024-08-28 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The full album was released on 25 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-25 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1765302414 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240923172054/https://music.apple.com/in/album/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1765302414 |archive-date=2024-09-23 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>

== Track listing ==
{{Track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Garam Garam
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra1 = [[Vishal Dadlani]]
| title2 = Ullaasam
| length2 = 4:42
| lyrics2 = Sanare
| extra2 = [[Sanjith Hegde]], Krishna Lasya Muthyala
| title3 = Sa Ri Ma Pa
| length3 = 4:38
| lyrics3 = [[Krishna Kanth]]
| extra3 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]]
| title4 = Laalijo Raagam
| length4 = 4:21
| lyrics4 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra4 = Madhura Dhara Talluri
| title5 = Malupero
| length5 = 4:53
| lyrics5 = Krishna Kanth
| extra5 = [[P V N S Rohit]]
| title6 = Veta Vinodham
| length6 = 2:50
| lyrics6 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra6 = Deepak Blue
| title7 = Dimbhaka
| length7 = 2:35
| lyrics7 = Karthik Sachin
| extra7 = Saicharan Bhaskaruni, Pranav Chaganty
| title8 = Bhaga Bhaga
| length8 = 2:56
| lyrics8 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra8 = Chorus
| title9 = Samavarthi
| length9 = 1:25
| lyrics9 = [[Instrumental]]
| extra9 = [[Jakes Bejoy]]
| title10 = Unchained
| length10 = 2:47
| lyrics10 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra10 = Jakes Bejoy
| title11 = Not A Teaser (Theme)
| length11 = 1:20
| lyrics11 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra11 = Jakes Bejoy
| title12 = Shiva Thandavame (Trailer Theme)
| length12 = 3:10
| lyrics12 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra12 = Jakes Bejoy
| total_length = 39:49
}}
{{Track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Garam Garam
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = Mani Amudhavan
| extra1 = Sivam
| title2 = Ullaasam
| length2 = 4:42
| lyrics2 = Mohan Rajan
| extra2 = Sanjith Hegde, Krishna Lasya Muthyala
| title3 = Sa Ri Ma Pa
| length3 = 4:38
| lyrics3 = Mohan Rajan
| extra3 = PVNS Rohit
| title4 = Aariro
| length4 = 4:21
| lyrics4 = Mohan Rajan
| extra4 = Madhura Dhara Talluri
| title5 = Oru Manam
| length5 = 4:53
| lyrics5 = Mohan Rajan
| extra5 = Anirudh Suswaram
| title6 = Puli Da
| length6 = 2:50
| lyrics6 = Mohan Rajan
| extra6 = Deepak Blue
| title7 = Raajali Da
| length7 = 2:35
| lyrics7 = Mohan Rajan
| extra7 = Deepak Blue
| title8 = Bhaga Bhaga
| length8 = 2:56
| lyrics8 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra8 = Chorus
| title9 = Samavarthi
| length9 = 1:25
| lyrics9 = Instrumental
| extra9 = Jakes Bejoy
| title10 = Unchained
| length10 = 2:47
| lyrics10 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra10 = Jakes Bejoy
| title11 = Not A Teaser (Theme)
| length11 = 1:20
| lyrics11 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra11 = Jakes Bejoy
| title12 = Shiva Thandavame (Trailer Theme)
| length12 = 3:10
| lyrics12 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra12 = Jakes Bejoy
| total_length = 39:51
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Malayalam
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Garam Garam
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = Santhosh Varma
| extra1 = Anand Sreeraj
| title2 = Ullaasam
| length2 = 4:42
| lyrics2 = [[Joe Paul (lyricist)|Joe Paul]]
| extra2 = Devanand SP, Sruthy Sivadas
| title3 = Sa Ri Ma Pa
| length3 = 4:38
| lyrics3 = Joe Paul
| extra3 = [[Najim Arshad]]
| title4 = Vaarilam Raagam
| length4 = 4:21
| lyrics4 = Joe Paul
| extra4 = Madhura Dhara Talluri
| title5 = Iravukal
| length5 = 4:53
| lyrics5 = Joe Paul
| extra5 = Akhil J. Chand
| title6 = Puli Ya
| length6 = 2:50
| lyrics6 = Joe Paul
| extra6 = Anand Sreeraj
| title7 = Dimbhaka
| length7 = 2:35
| lyrics7 = Joe Paul
| extra7 = Anand Sreeraj
| title8 = Bhaga Bhaga
| length8 = 2:56
| lyrics8 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra8 = Chorus
| title9 = Samavarthi
| length9 = 1:25
| lyrics9 = Instrumental
| extra9 = Jakes Bejoy
| title10 = Unchained
| length10 = 2:47
| lyrics10 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra10 = Jakes Bejoy
| title11 = Not A Teaser (Theme)
| length11 = 1:20
| lyrics11 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra11 = Jakes Bejoy
| title12 = Shiva Thandavame (Trailer Theme)
| length12 = 3:10
| lyrics12 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra12 = Jakes Bejoy
| total_length = 39:49
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Kannada
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Garam Garam
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra1 = Sivam
| title2 = Ullaasam
| length2 = 4:42
| lyrics2 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra2 = Sanjith Hegde, Krishna Lasya Muthyala
| title3 = Sa Ri Ma Pa
| length3 = 4:38
| lyrics3 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra3 = PVNS Rohit
| title4 = Laali Jo Laali
| length4 = 4:21
| lyrics4 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra4 = Madhura Dhara Talluri
| title5 = Hombelaku
| length5 = 4:53
| lyrics5 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra5 = Anirudh Suswaram
| title6 = Huliyo
| length6 = 2:50
| lyrics6 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra6 = Deepak Blue
| title7 = Nade Nade
| length7 = 2:35
| lyrics7 = Hridaya Shiva
| extra7 = Saicharan Bhaskaruni
| title8 = Bhaga Bhaga
| length8 = 2:56
| lyrics8 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra8 = Chorus
| title9 = Samavarthi
| length9 = 1:25
| lyrics9 = Instrumental
| extra9 = Jakes Bejoy
| title10 = Unchained
| length10 = 2:47
| lyrics10 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra10 = Jakes Bejoy
| title11 = Not A Teaser (Theme)
| length11 = 1:20
| lyrics11 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra11 = Jakes Bejoy
| title12 = Shiva Thandavame (Trailer Theme)
| length12 = 3:10
| lyrics12 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra12 = Jakes Bejoy
| total_length = 39:49
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Hindi
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Garam Garam
| length1 = 4:10
| lyrics1 = Siddhant Kaushal
| extra1 = Vivek Hariharan
| title2 = Ullaasam
| length2 = 4:42
| lyrics2 = Siddhant Kaushal
| extra2 = Sanjith Hegde, Krishna Lasya Muthyala
| title3 = Sa Ri Ma Pa
| length3 = 4:38
| lyrics3 = Siddhant Kaushal
| extra3 = PVNS Rohit
| title4 = Laalijo Raagam
| length4 = 4:21
| lyrics4 = Siddhant Kaushal
| extra4 = Madhura Dhara Talluri
| title5 = Malupero
| length5 = 4:53
| lyrics5 = Siddhant Kaushal
| extra5 = Anirudh Suswaram
| title6 = Veta Vinodham
| length6 = 2:50
| lyrics6 = Vikram Edke
| extra6 = Deepak Blue
| title7 = Dimbhaka
| length7 = 2:35
| lyrics7 = Vikram Edke
| extra7 = Saicharan Bhaskaruni
| title8 = Bhaga Bhaga
| length8 = 2:56
| lyrics8 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra8 = Chorus
| title9 = Samavarthi
| length9 = 1:25
| lyrics9 = Instrumental
| extra9 = Jakes Bejoy
| title10 = Unchained
| length10 = 2:47
| lyrics10 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra10 = Jakes Bejoy
| title11 = Not A Teaser (Theme)
| length11 = 1:20
| lyrics11 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra11 = Jakes Bejoy
| title12 = Shiva Thandavame (Trailer Theme)
| length12 = 3:10
| lyrics12 = Sanapati Bharadwaj Patrudu
| extra12 = Jakes Bejoy
| total_length = 39:49
}}

== Background score ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram
| type = film
| artist = Jakes Bejoy
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 15 September 2024
| recorded = 2023–2024
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = 1:40:01
| language =
| label = Sony Music India
| producer = Jakes Bejoy
| misc = {{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|6FvUK_GaLIs&t|OST Jukebox}}
}}
}}
Following the reception for the film's background score, Bejoy announced that the score would be separately released as an album after the film's theatrical run.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-01 |title=Jakes Bejoy talks about Saripodhaa Sanivaaram OST release |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/jakes-bejoy-talks-about-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-ost-release.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907092303/https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/jakes-bejoy-talks-about-saripodhaa-sanivaaram-ost-release.html |archive-date=2024-09-07 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref> On 15 September 2024, Sony Music India released the original soundtrack consisting of the film's background score.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-15 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram makers release full OST |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/25/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-makers-release-full-ost |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240926235324/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/25/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-makers-release-full-ost |archive-date=2024-09-26 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref> The album consisted of 73 tracks that runs for 100 minutes.<ref name=":2" />{{Track listing
| total_length = 1:40:01
| title1 = Modhalu
| length1 = 0:55
| title2 = Chayadevi Suryakantham
| length2 = 1:33
| title3 = Naa Kallu
| length3 = 1:02
| title4 = Surya's Rage
| length4 = 0:57
| title5 = Amma Maata
| length5 = 1:33
| title6 = Nijamaina Kopam – The Question
| length6 = 1:04
| title7 = Amma Eeroju
| length7 = 1:06
| title8 = Saripodhaa Sanivaaram
| length8 = 1:13
| title9 = Sneaky Shankaram
| length9 = 0:34
| title10 = Surya's Saturday
| length10 = 1:22
| title11 = Faasil – Narayana Prabha
| length11 = 1:40
| title12 = Naku Kopam Ochindi
| length12 = 1:26
| title13 = Sunday to Friday
| length13 = 2:23
| title14 = Where's My Kallu
| length14 = 1:00
| title15 = Fake Kallu
| length15 = 1:13
| title16 = Bhadra's Wedding
| length16 = 1:29
| title17 = Theertham Gunasekhar
| length17 = 1:51
| title18 = Constable Charulatha
| length18 = 0:53
| title19 = CI Dayanand
| length19 = 1:10
| title20 = Wrong Judgement
| length20 = 1:23
| title21 = Peddhoda? Chinnoda?
| length21 = 1:52
| title22 = Very Important Person
| length22 = 0:37
| title23 = Daya's Madness
| length23 = 1:51
| title24 = Perfume
| length24 = 1:42
| title25 = Life of Sokulapalem
| length25 = 1:00
| title26 = Charu Goes to Sokulapalem
| length26 = 1:37
| title27 = Eduru Debba
| length27 = 0:41
| title28 = Sense Unda
| length28 = 1:17
| title29 = Potharu Motham Potharu
| length29 = 1:10
| title30 = Bottle Cap & Scooty Pep
| length30 = 1:49
| title31 = Nani Samantha
| length31 = 1:42
| title32 = Be Happy
| length32 = 1:04
| title33 = Coffee Tea Water Bottle
| length33 = 1:22
| title34 = The Humiliation
| length34 = 1:26
| title35 = Anger Unleashed
| length35 = 1:08
| title36 = Silent Victims
| length36 = 2:12
| title37 = Adugu
| length37 = 1:53
| title38 = Yamana Dhamana
| length38 = 2:36
| title39 = Aatavidupu
| length39 = 1:12
| title40 = Surya's Mission
| length40 = 1:11
| title41 = Plotting Ideas
| length41 = 2:13
| title42 = A Vigilante
| length42 = 0:37
| title43 = Targets Locked
| length43 = 0:36
| title44 = Sanivaaram Modhalu
| length44 = 1:07
| title45 = Sister Decides to Go Home
| length45 = 1:47
| title46 = Dizzy Dance
| length46 = 3:35
| title47 = Daya's Plan B
| length47 = 1:06
| title48 = 12 o'clock
| length48 = 1:34
| title49 = Faasil the 10-Minute Guy
| length49 = 0:40
| title50 = Clash of Rages
| length50 = 1:46
| title51 = The Aftermath
| length51 = 0:58
| title52 = Annayya Thammudu
| length52 = 2:21
| title53 = In Search of Sanivaaramodu
| length53 = 1:49
| title54 = Saripoindi Sanivaaram
| length54 = 1:25
| title55 = Daya Meets an LIC Agent
| length55 = 0:30
| title56 = Dhaagudu Moothalu
| length56 = 3:13
| title57 = The Massacre
| length57 = 2:14
| title58 = Father's Advice
| length58 = 1:17
| title59 = Nijamaina Kopam – The Answer
| length59 = 0:55
| title60 = Sokulapalem's Hope
| length60 = 0:26
| title61 = Finding Bottle Cap
| length61 = 1:02
| title62 = Aakhari Sanivaaram
| length62 = 1:03
| title63 = The Reunion
| length63 = 0:39
| title64 = Daya's Ecstasy
| length64 = 0:53
| title65 = The Beginning of the End
| length65 = 1:26
| title66 = Shiva Thandavame
| length66 = 0:47
| title67 = Sahanam Nasinchindi
| length67 = 0:59
| title68 = Modhati Adugu
| length68 = 0:54
| title69 = Courage Prevails
| length69 = 0:29
| title70 = The Battle of Rages
| length70 = 2:14
| title71 = Puraane Zamaane Mein
| length71 = 0:58
| title72 = Surya Meets Kallu
| length72 = 0:51
| title73 = And the Saturdays Continue
| length73 = 3:28
}}

== Reception ==
Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' and Avinash Ramachandran of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' called the score "pulsating" and "adrenaline pumping".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram movie review: Vivek Athreya, Nani and SJ Suryah deliver an entertaining Saturday story |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-vivek-athreya-nani-and-sj-suryah-deliver-an-entertaining-saturday-story/article68579549.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240905185537/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-vivek-athreya-nani-and-sj-suryah-deliver-an-entertaining-saturday-story/article68579549.ece |archive-date=2024-09-05 |access-date=2024-09-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Avinash |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram movie review: Nani and SJ Suryah power this tried-and-tested masala entertainer |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-nani-sj-suryah-power-this-tried-and-tested-masala-entertainer-9539463/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909032633/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-movie-review-nani-sj-suryah-power-this-tried-and-tested-masala-entertainer-9539463/ |archive-date=2024-09-09 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Janani K. of ''[[India Today]]'' wrote "Composer Jakes Bejoy's pulsating background music enhances the theatrical moments. However, his songs are quite forgettable."<ref>{{Cite web |last=K. |first=Janani |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram Review: Nani-SJ Suryah elevate Vivek Athreya's clever writing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-elevate-vivek-athreya-clever-writing-2590012-2024-08-29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240927030542/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-elevate-vivek-athreya-clever-writing-2590012-2024-08-29 |archive-date=2024-09-27 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Balakrishna Ganesan of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "Jakes Bejoy's music is a mild let-down, as his background scores are too overpowering and loud."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ganeshan |first=Balakrishna |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram review: Barring a few drawbacks, Nani's film is entertaining |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-barring-a-few-drawbacks-nanis-film-is-entertaining |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830055203/https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-barring-a-few-drawbacks-nanis-film-is-entertaining |archive-date=2024-08-30 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> Neeshita Nyayapati of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' wrote "The background score by Jakes Bejoy, in particular, ebbs and flows with Surya's mood, making for an immersive experience and adding depth to a story that might otherwise come across as run-of-the-mill."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyayapati |first=Neeshita |date=2024-08-29 |title=Saripodhaa Sanivaaram review: Nani, SJ Suryah's film isn't flawless but subverts tropes |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-vivek-athreya-film-not-flawless-subverts-tropes-101724917612761.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829172043/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/saripodhaa-sanivaaram-review-nani-sj-suryah-vivek-athreya-film-not-flawless-subverts-tropes-101724917612761.html |archive-date=2024-08-29 |access-date=2024-09-28 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2024 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Telugu film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Sony Music India soundtracks]]
[[Category:Action film soundtracks]]

Sajeevan Sajana

2026-01-23T01:24:57Z

Leonpcs:

{{Indian patronymic|Sajana|Sajeevan}}
{{Short description|Indian cricketer (born 1995)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Sajana Sajeevan
| female = true
| image =
| country = India
| international = true
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|1|4|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mananthavady]], [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-arm [[Off spin|off-break]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]

| internationalspan = 2024–present
| T20Idebutdate = 28 April
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = Bangladesh
| T20Icap = 81
| lastT20Idate = 9 May
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = Bangladesh
| T20Ishirt = 44

| club1 = [[Kerala women's cricket team|Kerala]]
| year1 = 2011/12–present
| club2 = {{nowrap|[[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]]}}
| year2 = 2024–present

| columns = 3

| column1 = [[Women's Twenty20 International|WT20I]]
| matches1 = 5
| runs1 = 20
| bat avg1 = 10.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 11
| deliveries1 = 12
| wickets1 = 0
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–

| column2 = [[List A cricket|WLA]]
| matches2 = 78
| runs2 = 1,306
| bat avg2 = 23.32
| 100s/50s2 = 1/5
| top score2 = 100
| deliveries2 = 3,342
| wickets2 = 89
| bowl avg2 = 18.16
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 4/11
| catches/stumpings2 = 34/–

| column3 = [[Women's Twenty20|WT20]]
| matches3 = 94
| runs3 = 1,194
| bat avg3 = 20.58
| 100s/50s3 = 0/1
| top score3 = 60
| deliveries3 = 1,351
| wickets3 = 60
| bowl avg3 = 18.08
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/10
| catches/stumpings3 = 33/–
| date = 10 June 2024
| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/960955.html ESPNcricinfo
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry| {{IND}}}}
{{MedalSport|Women's [[Cricket]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Women's Asia Cup]]}}
{{Medal|RU|[[Women's Asia Cup|2024 Sri Lanka]]|}}
}}
'''Sajeevan Sajana''' (born 4 January 1995) is an Indian [[cricket]]er who plays for [[India women's national cricket team|India women's cricket team]] as an [[all-rounder]], who is a right-handed [[Batting (cricket)|batter]] and a right-arm [[Off spin|off-break bowler]].<ref name=BIO>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Sajeevan Sajana |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/960955.html |access-date=10 June 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> She plays for [[Kerala women's cricket team]] in domestic cricket and for [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]] in the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]].<ref name=BIO /> She also played first-class cricket for [[South Zone women's cricket team|South Zone]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1121/1121702/1121702.html |title=Player profile: Sajeevan Sajana |work=CricketArchive |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref>

==Early life==
She was born in [[Mananthavady]], [[Wayanad district|Wayanad]], Kerala. Her father, Sanjeevan, was an auto-rickshaw driver in a town in Kerala.<ref name=SS>{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/wpl-2024/37663-who-is-sajeevan-sajana-bio-stats-mumbai-indians-player.html |title=Who is Sajeevan Sajana {{!}} Bio {{!}} Stats {{!}} Mumbai Indians Player |work=Female Cricket |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> Her mother, Sarada, worked at the municipality in Mananthavady.<ref name=SS2>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/s-sajanas-instant-hit-a-reward-for-decade-of-hard-toil-1422451 |title=S Sajana's instant hit a reward for decade of hard toil |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> She first represented Kerala at the under-23 level, where she led her team to the Twenty-20 Super League title in 2019.<ref name=SS /> She has a degree in political science. She was featured in a Tamil film as a support artist. She was football captain of Wayanad district in Kerala in her teenage years, and a track-and-field champion in college.<ref name=SS2 />

==Domestic career==
Sajana made her [[List A cricket|List A]] debut for Kerala on 9 November 2012, against [[Andhra women's cricket team|Andhra]] in the [[2012–13 Senior Women's One Day League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/460/460010.html |title=Andhra Women v Kerala Women, Inter State Women's One Day Competition 2012/13 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> She made her [[Women's Twenty20|Twenty20]] debut for Kerala on 18 December 2011, against Andhra in the [[2011–12 Senior Women's T20 League]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/354/354039.html |title=Andhra Women v Kerala Women, Inter State Women's Twenty20 Competition 2011/12 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> She made her [[First-class cricket|first-class]] debut for South Zone on 1 March 2017, against [[West Zone women's cricket team|West Zone]] in the [[2016–17 Senior Women's Cricket Inter Zonal Three Day Game]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/1074/1074023.html |title=South Zone Women v West Zone Women, Inter Zone Women's Three Day Competition 2016/17 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref>

In December 2023, she was signed by [[Mumbai Indians (WPL)|Mumbai Indians]] at a price of ₹15 lakh to play for them in the [[Women's Premier League (cricket)|Women's Premier League]] auction,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.business-standard.com/cricket/news/wpl-2024-meet-sajana-sajeevan-from-paddy-field-cricket-to-overnight-star-124022400407_1.html |title=WPL 2024: Meet Sajana Sajeevan; From paddy field cricket to overnight star |work=Business Standard |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> for the [[2024 Women's Premier League (cricket)|2024 season]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/sports/cricket/2023/12/09/wpl-auction-kerala-players-sajana-mumbai-indians.html |title=WPL auction: Mumbai Indians buy Kerala all-rounder Sajana |work=Onmanorama |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> On 23 February 2024, she hit a last ball six, helping her side to beat [[Delhi Capitals (WPL)|Delhi Capitals]] by 4 wickets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2023-24-1411373/delhi-capitals-women-vs-mumbai-indians-women-1st-match-1417716/match-report |title=Debutant Sajana takes Mumbai home with nerveless last-ball six |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/womens-cricket/wpl/sajana-sajeevan-mumbai-indians-wpl-2024-interview-career-profile-stats-last-ball-six-delhi-capitals-tamil-film-kanaa/article67979129.ece |title=The Sajana Sajeevan story: WPL trials, sharing dressing room with idol Harmanpreet and that last-ball six |work=Sportstar |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref>

==International career==
In April 2024, she earned her maiden call-up for the national squad for the T20I series [[India women's cricket team in Bangladesh in 2024|against Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/two-wpl-stars-earn-maiden-call-ups-as-india-announce-t20i-squad-for-bangladesh-series |title=Maiden call-up for two WPL stars as India announce T20I squad for Bangladesh series |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/kerala-girls-sajana-sajeevan-asha-sobhana-get-maiden-india-call-ups/articleshow/109323625.cms |title=Kerala Girls Sajana Sajeevan, Asha Sobhana Get Maiden India Call-Ups |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> She made her [[Women's Twenty20 International|Twenty20 International]] (T20I) debut against [[Bangladesh women's national cricket team|Bangladesh]] on 28 April 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1429393.html |title=1st T20I (D/N), Sylhet, April 28, 2024, India Women tour of Bangladesh |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> In May 2024, she was named in the T20I squad for the series [[South Africa women's cricket team in India in 2024|against South Africa]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/harmanpreet-kaur-captain-bcci-squad-announcement-indian-womens-team-ind-vs-sa-2546005-2024-05-30 |title=Harmanpreet Kaur to lead India women's multi-format squad vs South Africa |work=[[India Today]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/indian-womens-cricket-team-squad-announced-for-multi-format-series-against-south-africa/articleshow/110572118.cms |title=Indian Women's Cricket Team Squad Announced For Multi Format Series Against South Africa |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=10 June 2024}}</ref> She was also named in the India squad for the [[2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/jKTSq82Z |title=India’s squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=3 October 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cricketarchive|id=1121702}}
* {{cricinfo|id=960955}}

{{Mumbai Indians WPL squad}}
{{India Squad 2024 ICC Women's T20 World Cup}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sajana, Sajeevan}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women cricketers]]
[[Category:India women Twenty20 International cricketers]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Kerala]]
[[Category:People from Wayanad district]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Kerala]]
[[Category:Mumbai Indians (WPL) cricketers]]

A. R. Souza Ferrão

2026-01-13T21:42:18Z

Leonpcs: Made First Article V1...

{{Short description|Indian actor and director (1909–1978)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = A. R. Souza Ferrão
| image = Portrait of A R Souza Ferrão.jpg
| caption = Portrait of Souza during his youth
| birth_name = Augusto Remédios Souza
| birth_place = [[Camurlim|Ambora]], [[Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1909|6|1|df=y}}
| death_place = [[St George Hospital, Mumbai|St George Hospital]], Bombay, Maharashtra (now Mumbai), India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1978|3|6|1909|6|1|df=y}}
| alma_mater = [[J. J. School of Art]]
| employer = The Catholic Education Institute, [[Margão]]
| title = Co-founder of Jolly Brothers Dramatic Club
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|playwright|director|producer|singer|composer}}
| notable_works = {{ubl|
* ''[[Amchem Noxib]]''
* ''[[Nirmon]]''
* ''[[Bhuierantlo Munis]]''}}
| years_active = 1920s–1977
| relatives = {{ubl|
* [[A. F. Souza Ferrão]] (brother)
* [[Jack Souza Ferrão]] (nephew)}}
}}

'''Augusto Remédios Souza''' (1 June 1909 – 6 March 1978), known professionally as '''A. R. Souza Ferrão''' (or simply '''Souza Ferrão'''), was an Indian actor, playwright, [[theatre director]], [[theatrical producer|producer]], singer, and composer known for his work in [[Konkani cinema|Konkani films]] and ''[[tiatr]]'' productions.

==Career==
Souza's passion for the ''[[tiatr]]'' stage emerged at an early age. He embarked on his [[Konkani language|Konkani]] theater journey with [[Chinchinim]]-based<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-03-23 |title=Souza–Ferrao: Tiatr-Machievoilo Jadugar |url=https://issuu.com/herald-goa/docs/23_march_amcho_avaz |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=Amcho Avaz via [[O Heraldo]] |language=gom}}</ref> Basilio Furtado's ''tiatr Naddponn Amigachem'', portraying the character of Princess Diana at Clube Harmonia Hall in [[Margão]]. The success of his performance motivated him to pursue further opportunities on stage. In his initial endeavors, Souza fashioned makeshift stages using benches and improvised curtains made from bedsheets. He commenced his own concerts, held either at his residence or at Erico Barreto's house in Margão. Souza gathered a group of village boys to participate in these intimate concerts, gradually progressing to presenting plays in private homes. He arranged for musicians and [[petromax lamp]]s, essential elements for the concerts, and made them accessible to the public free of charge.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=43–46 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-24 |archive-date=2024-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, during the interval, he would circulate a tray to collect donations to cover the expenses incurred for the musicians and lamps. Despite his involvement in tiatrs from his school days, Souza remained devoted to his studies.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Cardozo |first=Irene |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=19–21}}</ref>

As Souza honed his skills, his talent became known, especially among the people of Margão and its surrounding areas. The news of his abilities reached [[Pai Tiatrist|João Agostinho Fernandes]], who, during his visit to [[Goa]], extended an invitation to Souza to take on a leading role in his ''tiatr Geraldina''. This opportunity marked Souza's first major stage performance, which garnered acclaim. The ''tiatr's'' success led to its restaging in 1927. Souza's portrayal in the ''tiatr'' earned him praise from the [[Chief Health Officer]] of Goa. The subsequent staging of the ''tiatr'' at Eden Cinema in [[Pangim]] attracted a sizable audience, including the [[Governor of Portuguese India]], {{ill|Pedro Francisco Massano de Amorim|pt}}. Souza's involvement in Konkani ''tiatr'', however, met with disapproval from his father. In an attempt to divert him from the stage, his father secured a job for him in the [[Police band (music)|Police band]].<ref name=":0" /> Yet, Souza's declined the offer, despite his father's wishes. He briefly joined the band on two occasions but quickly departed from such service.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Fernandes |first=André Rafael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |title=When the Curtains Rise--: Understanding Goa's Vibrant Konkani Theatre |date=2010 |publisher=Tiatr Academy of Goa |isbn=978-93-80739-01-4 |pages=138–139 |language=en |access-date=2024-02-24 |archive-date=2023-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126045216/https://books.google.com/books?id=vKAbygAACAAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gradually, Souza's reputation as a ''[[tiatr]]'' director spread, leading to invitations from various villages to direct ''tiatrs''. Although these engagements did not yield substantial monetary gain, Souza eagerly embraced them while continuing his studies. He completed his ''Segundo Grau'' ({{translation|High school}}) in Portuguese and briefly worked at The Catholic Education Institute in [[Margão]] before venturing to [[Bombay]] in search of employment. In Bombay, Souza seized opportunities for stage acting, building on his existing connections, particularly with [[Pai Tiatrist|João Agostinho Fernandes]]. He began acting in Fernandes ''tiatrs'' and soon received offers from other directors such as [[Saib Rocha]], [[J. P. Souzalin]], [[Ernest Rebello]], and John Lazarus.<ref name=":2" /> Souza's breakthrough came when he assumed a [[Kunbi]] character in a ''tiatr'' organized to support The Little Flower of Jesus school. Among the audience were individuals like John Lazarus D'Souza, the editor of the ''Dulestan'' newspaper, and Luis Borges, a ''[[tiatrist]]''. Impressed by Souza's performance, John invited him to act in his upcoming ''tiatr'', while Borges requested his collaboration in duets and English/[[Konkani language|Konkani]] [[solo (music)|solo]]s. This marked the beginning of a series of opportunities for Souza. He was then chosen by the Portuguese [[Consul]] to sing Konkani [[duet]]s with Luis Borges, making them the only two [[Goan]] singers in a ''tiatr'' directed by Portuguese theatre director Silva Sanches at the [[Royal Opera House (Mumbai)|Opera House]]. The performance garnered acclaim, attracting audiences from various states.<ref name=":0" />

Souza gained recognition during the zenith of his acting career as the "Man of Thousand Faces" owing to his versatility and ability to embody [[Dual role|diverse roles]]. In his youth, Souza's desire to act and sing on the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] stage was challenged by the scarcity of ''[[tiatrs]]'' in [[Goa]]. The dearth of actors willing to participate in these theatrical productions posed an obstacle, as respectable families were hesitant to allow their children to engage in stage performances. Despite being the son of a musician (''khellam mestri'') who organized ''[[Tiatr#Khell|khells]]'' in Goa, Souza's father vehemently opposed his son's involvement in the Konkani stage, often resorting to physical coercion in an effort to dissuade him from pursuing ''tiatrs''.<ref name=":1" /> However, Souza persisted, enduring physical repercussions for his dedication to drama.<ref name=":2" /> Singers of the early era, including Anthony Tulu, exclusively performed duets with Souza. Konkani directors such as [[Saib Rocha]], [[J. P. Souzalin]], Aquila, Rogaciano, Ernest Rebello, John Lazarus, and [[Affonceka]] prioritized Souza's participation, ensuring his involvement prior to scheduling their new ''tiatrs''. Driven by his love for the stage, Souza felt compelled to contribute to the enhancement of the quality of Konkani ''tiatrs''. To this end, he founded the Jolly Brothers Dramatic Club, enlisting young boys from Goa. Through this club, Souza organized ''tiatrs'' in Goa, often inviting Dioginho D'Mello and Anthony Vaz to partake in his productions. Souza's primary motive for staging ''tiatrs'' was not financial gain; in fact, the majority of his productions were dedicated to [[charitable cause]]s. He willingly lent his talents to assist churches, schools, and hospitals in raising funds through theatrical endeavors. Additionally, Souza derived joy from participating in [[Goan music|Goan folk songs]] and dances, actively engaging in the rich [[Culture of Goa|cultural heritage of Goa]].<ref name=":0" />

Souza had accompanied various [[folk-song]] groups on their tours, showcasing his musical prowess and actively promoting [[traditional music]]. In recognition of his talent, Souza was exclusively invited to perform on [[Republic Day (India)|Republic Day]] in [[Delhi]] in both 1954 and 1955, making him the sole Konkani artist to receive this honor during those years. Under the banner of his troupe, 'The Goan Folk Song and Dance Party, Souza's performances stood out and earned him recognition.<ref name=":0" /> His troupe emerged victorious in a competition that featured folk dances from different regions of India, ultimately being adjudged the best among them. Personalities such as the [[President of India]] at that time, Dr. [[Rajendra Prasad]], and the [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]], lauded Souza's talent and praised his performances. An important milestone in Souza's career occurred on 11 November 1937, when he made history as the first Konkani artist to present and record a [[musical program]] on [[All India Radio]] in Bombay. Collaborating with composer Manuel Alphonso, with Souza showcasing his skills as a singer, composer, and [[lyricist]]. His proficiency in rendering traditional Kunbi songs, a distinctive genre, became his forte and garnered admiration.<ref name=":1" />

In addition to his achievements in music and theater, Souza made contributions to the [[Konkani cinema|Konkani film]] industry. He appeared in various Konkani films, including ''[[Amchem Noxib]]'' (1963), ''[[Nirmon]]'' (1966), ''Sukhachem Sopon'' (1967), ''Mhoji Ghorkarn'' (1969), ''Kortubancho Sounsar'' (1970), ''Jivit Amchem Oxem'' (1971), ''Boglantt'' (1975), ''[[Bhuierantlo Munis]]'' (1977),<ref name=":1" /> and an Indian documentary in [[technicolor]]. A lot of his stage productions were successful, and worked along with Konkani directors such as João Agostinho Fernandes, Saib Rocha, J. P. Souzalin, [[Ernest Rebello]], [[C. Alvares]], [[M. Boyer]], [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], and others. In addition to his acting endeavors, Souza showcased his creative abilities by writing eight ''[[tiatr]]s'', a popular form of [[musical theater]] in [[Goa]]. Moreover, he assumed the roles of director and producer for several ''tiatrs'' written by various playwrights. Some of his works include ''Almam Sorgar Vetat'', ''Patch Patch'', ''Kazari Okol'', ''Ghatkeponn'', ''Zotkaxi'', ''Santan Bavddi'', ''Visvasghat'', ''Gouieo Put'', and ''Paichem Farikponn''.<ref name=":2" /> Many of these productions achieved success and received acclaim from audiences. Throughout his career, Souza embarked on tours with his troupe, in cities such as [[Bombay]], [[Poona]], [[Ahmedabad]], [[Goa]], and even [[East Africa]]. He also had a talent for writing lyrics, having created several musical compositions. Some examples include "Vauraddi," "Sorg Tujea Dolleamni," "Sintidan Paim Ghal Re Jaki," and "Ami Xet Roilam."<ref name=":0" />

==Style and reception==
[[Wilson Mazarello]], a historian and singer in the [[Konkani language|Konkani]] community, expresses his surprise at Souza who had authored a mere eight ''[[tiatr]]s'', a popular form of [[Goan]] [[musical theater]]. Despite this seemingly modest output, Souza managed to carve out a significant place for himself in the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], alongside figures such as [[J. P. Souzalin]] and [[Aleixinho De Candolim]]. While J.P. Souzalin and Alexinho de Candolim were celebrated for their talents as writer-directors, Souza garnered admiration from ''tiatr'' audiences for his skills in singing, composing, acting, and musical proficiency. Souza's presence on the Konkani stage was met with great enthusiasm, and his performances in any role were eagerly anticipated and appreciated by ''tiatr'' goers. Through his contributions, Souza elevated the status and reputation of the Konkani stage, instilling a sense of refinement and dignity that set it apart from the traditional ''[[Zagor (festival)|zagors]]'' in which [[Goans]] typically engaged, as noted by Mazarello.<ref name=":0" /> According to André Raphael Fernandes, a professor at [[Goa University]], Souza's true talent lay not in prolific writing, but in his ability to embody a wide range of characters. He effortlessly portrayed heroes, [[Hindu]]s, [[Gauda and Kunbi|Goan tribal Kunbis]], [[Arab]]s, old men, and even flirtatious young girls, showcasing his versatility and skill on stage.<ref name=":2" />

Irene Cardozo, a writer, underscores Souza's versatility as an actor, asserting that he seemingly possessed the ability to assume nearly any role imaginable. His performances in various tiatrs exemplified his multifaceted nature, as he adeptly portrayed characters spanning [[Kunbis]], ''bhattkars'' ([[landlord]]s), old women, young girls, Hindus, and even unfamiliar roles. Souza's stage presence was captivating, as he immersed himself in each character, delivering performances that resonated with authenticity and skill. His command over Kunbi roles and his mastery of the songs he sang during the ''tiatrs'' further exemplified his talent, as highlighted by Cardozo.<ref name=":1" />

==Character assessment==
Irene Cardozo, a writer, acknowledges the impact of Souza on the ''[[tiatr]]'' stage. Known for his role in introducing and nurturing young talents, Souza received praise for his recognition and appreciation of their performances. He exhibited dedication to the art form and its artists. Souza's commitment to ''tiatr'' was evident in his willingness to endure the challenges of public transportation, particularly at night, as he would traverse long distances while carrying his trunk on his head. Furthermore, his [[altruistic]] nature was evident through his provision of accommodation for ''tiatr'' artists in his [[Margão]] residence and his active involvement in staging ''tiatrs'' to raise funds for [[charitable cause]]s. Souza upheld his principles, as demonstrated by his candid remarks during a meeting at the Dabul Goan Institute, [[Bombay]] in 1975, where he criticized the absence of ''tiatr'' artists to recognize [[Konkani language|Konkani]] as a distinct language by the [[Sahitya Academy]].<ref name=":1" />

[[File:A. R. Souza Ferrão.jpg|thumb|upright|Souza in professional attire]]
[[Wilson Mazarello]], a Konkani historian and singer, offers further insights into Souza's character. Described as a man of refinement, Souza was consistently seen exuding elegance, often adorning a tie, long-sleeved shirt, and a hat. His gentlemanly demeanor was complemented by his extensive education and his passion for ''tiatr'' as an art form. Souza's commitment to his craft was evident in his ability to balance his professional responsibilities as a draughtsman in the Bombay telephone department with his fervent pursuit of ''tiatr'' during his free time. Souza's manners and cultured disposition further set him apart from his peers. As an artist, he possessed versatility, assuming diverse roles ranging from ''bhattkar'' (landlord) to [[Kunbi]], from young damsels to elderly women, and even portraying characters of different religious backgrounds.<ref name=":0" />

==Analysis of ''Gouio Put''==
Souza's ''[[tiatr]] Gouio Put'' (Idiotic Son) is a [[Comedy (drama)|comedic]] theatrical production that derives its humor from the manipulation of language and the unfolding of various events. The play explores themes such as marriage, the cleverness of cooks, [[avarice]], and the concept of retribution. [[Goa University]] professor André Raphael Fernandes highlights the moral lesson within the play, which revolves around the interpretation of ambiguous phrases in the [[Konkani language]].<ref name=":2" />

==Death==
On 6 March 1978, Souza died, at the age of 68, in [[St George Hospital, Mumbai|St George's Hospital]] in [[Bombay]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Panaji: Birth Centenary of Late A R Souza Ferrao |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=60473 |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=www.daijiworld.com |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Tiatrist]]s'' from [[Goa]], Bombay, and around the globe expressed their reverence and paid their respects upon learning of his death.<ref name=":0" />

==Legacy==
The [[Government of India]] created a documentary called 'The Folk Dances of India', featuring the traditional [[Culture of Goa|folk dances of Goa]] by Souza. In honor of Souza's legacy, his family established the 'A. R. Souza Ferrão Cultural and Charitable Trust' as a [[public trust]].<ref name=":1" />

==Selected stage works==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|
|''Naddponn Amigachem''
|Princess Diana
|Professional debut
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|1925
|''Geraldina''
|Lead role
|
|rowspan="10"|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|
|''Almam Sorgar Vetat''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Patch Patch''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Kazari Okol''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Ghatkeponn''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Zotkaxi''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Santan Bavddi''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Visvasghat''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Gouieo Put''
|Writer/director
|
|-
|
|''Paichem Farikponn''
|Writer/director
|
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Imdb name|id=4956370}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Souza Ferrão, A. R.}}
[[Category:1909 births]]
[[Category:1978 deaths]]
[[Category:Tiatrists]]
[[Category:Actors from Goa]]
[[Category:People from South Goa district]]
[[Category:Dramatists and playwrights from Goa]]
[[Category:People from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Konkani-language singers]]

Alok Mukherjee (politician)

2026-01-02T20:05:59Z

Leonpcs: Made Some Entry W/ Refs...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2024}}

'''Alok Mukherjee''' (born 1960)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Alok Mukherjee(All India Trinamool Congress(AITC)):Constituency- BARJORA(BANKURA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/WestBengal2021/candidate.php?candidate_id=350 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[West Bengal]]. He is a member of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from Barjora Assembly constituency in [[Bankura district]]. He won the [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[All India Trinamool Congress]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Live |first=A. B. P. |title=Barjora Election Results 2021 LIVE, Vote Counting, Leading, Trailing , Winners West bengal Barjora Constituency Election News LIVE |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/west-bengal-election-results-2021/wb-barjora-constituency-253.html?noHeader=true |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Mukherjee is from [[Barjora]], Bankura district, West Bengal. He is the son of late Asit Mukherjee. He studied Class 10 at Barjora High School and passed the examinations conducted by West Bengal Madhyamik Pariksha Board in 1977.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Mukherjee won from [[Barjora Assembly constituency]] representing All India Trinamool Congress in the 2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election. He polled 93,290 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Supriti Chatterjee of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], by a margin of 3,269 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Barjora, West Bengal Assembly election result 2021 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/barjora-west-bengal-assembly-election-result-2021-live-updates-1797333-2021-05-01 |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barjora Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Alok Mukherjee of TMC wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/barjora-election-result-2021-live-updates-barjora-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3697001.html |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barjora Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/barjora-west-bengal-assembly-constituency |access-date=2024-12-19 |website=resultuniversity.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mukherjee, Alok}}
[[Category:1960 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Trinamool Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:People from Bankura district]]

{{WestBengal-AITC-politician-stub}}

Pullivasal Island

2026-01-01T05:01:56Z

Leonpcs: small adjusted information per standard format further and updated info

{{Short description|Island in Tamil Nadu}}
{{moresources|date=July 2020}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Pullivasal Island
| native_name = 
| sobriquet = 
| image_name =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| image_alt =
| locator_map =
| locator_map_size =
| map_caption =
| location =
| coordinates = {{Coord|9.20|N|79.13|E|region:IN_type:isle|display=inline,title}}
| archipelago =
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 0.3
| area_footnotes =
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| length_footnotes =
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| elevation_m =
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| highest_mount = 
| Country_heading =
| country = India
| country_admin_divisions_title = State
| country_admin_divisions = Tamil Nadu
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 = District
| country_admin_divisions_1 = [[Ramanathapuram district|Ramanathapuram]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 = Taluk
| country_admin_divisions_2 = [[Rameswaram taluk|Rameswaram]]
| country_capital =
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}}
'''Pullivasal Island''' is an uninhabited [[island]] in the [[Gulf of Mannar]] situated south of [[Pamban Island]]. The island belongs to [[India]] and forms a part of the [[Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park]]. The area of sea grass beds along the coast is 5.89 square kilometres.

== References ==
{{portal|Islands}}
* {{cite book|title=Marine Faunal Diversity in India: Taxonomy, Ecology and Conservation|author=Krishnamoorthy Venkataraman |author2=Chandrakasan Sivaperuman |year=2014|publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-801962-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ryhQBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139}}

[[Category:Islands of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Uninhabited islands of India]]
[[Category:Islands of India]]

{{Ramanathapuram-geo-stub}}
{{island-stub}}

The Office Pass

2025-12-20T20:40:39Z

Leonpcs: added article!

{{Short description|Co-working tech platform}}
{{Orphan|date=April 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Infobox company
| name = The Office Pass (TOP)
| logo = The office pass logo.jpg
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| founded = {{start date and age|March 2017}}
| founders = Aditya Verma Nikhil Madan Sachin Gaur Saket Bijpuria
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Gurgaon]]
| hq_location_country = [[India]]
| areas_served = [[India]]
| key_people = Aditya Verma ([[Co-founder]]) Nikhil Madan ([[Co-founder]]) Sachin Gaur ([[Co-founder]]) Saket Bijpuria ([[Co-founder]])
| industry =
| products =
| brands =
| subsid =
| services = Shared workspaces services
| owners =
| num_locations = 25<ref name=":0" />
| num_locations_year = 2022
| website = [https://www.theofficepass.com www.theofficepass.com]
}}

'''The Office Pass''' (TOP) is a neighborhood [[Coworking|co-working]] tech platform and operator,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Faizan|title=Coworking operator The Office Pass to expand in Mumbai, Delhi-NCR|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/coworking-operator-the-office-pass-to-expand-in-mumbai-delhi-ncr/articleshow/82933144.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-08-17}}</ref> headquartered in [[Gurgaon]], [[India]], that connects [[companies]] and professionals with office space located near them.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haidar|first=Faizan|title=Flexible workplace operators to offer incentives to tenant|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/flexible-workplace-operators-to-offer-incentives-to-tenant/articleshow/83513359.cms?from=mdr|access-date=2021-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Dar|first1=Vaishali|title=Aditya Verma's The Office Pass Plans $300,000 Seed Investment by March'17|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/Aditya-Verma-s-The-Office-Pass-Plans-300-000-Seed-Investment-by-March-17/07-03-2017-113925/|publisher=[[Businessworld]]|date=2017-03-07}}</ref><ref name="vccircle1">{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Disha |title=Exclusive: Makaan co-founder's venture The Office Pass gets seed funding|url=https://www.vccircle.com/exclusive-makaan-co-founders-venture-the-office-pass-raises-245k-seed-fundin/|publisher=[[VCCircle]]|date=2017-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=India's first co-working centre Office Pass raises additional funding from individual investors|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/indias-first-co-working-centre-office-pass-raises-additional-funding-from-individual-investors/922797/|publisher=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=2017-11-07}}</ref>

==History==
The Office Pass (TOP) was founded in March 2017 by Aditya Verma, Nikhil Madan, and Sachin Gaur. The company was started by Aditya Verma who was a [[Organizational founder|co-founder]] and former [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of [[Makaan.com]], a [[Web portal|property portal]] which was acquired by PropTiger in 2015 and then Verma left the company in December 2016.<ref name="vccircle1"/><ref name="livemint"/><ref name="businessworld"/>

In August 2021, The Office Pass operated in 9 Neighborhood Coworking offices across [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Khan|first=Sobia|title=The Office Pass (TOP) strengthens its footprint in Gurgaon|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/the-office-pass-top-strengthens-its-footprint-in-gurgaon/articleshow/85005025.cms|access-date=2021-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=19 August 2020|title=The Office Pass to open 3 coworking centres with 900 desks in Delhi-NCR|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/the-office-pass-to-open-3-coworking-centres-with-900-desks-in-delhi-ncr-120081900716_1.html|access-date=19 August 2020}}</ref>

==Locations==
The Office Pass (TOP) has 7 offices in [[Gurgaon]] location.<ref name=":0" /> They have biggest office in [[Noida]] sector 4. Recently they have opened their new office in Golf Course Road, Near [[Sector 53-54 metro station]], [[Gurgaon]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=25 May 2021|title=The Office Pass (TOP) plans to strengthen its footprint with 5X growth|work=Construction Week Online|url=https://www.constructionweekonline.in/business/17834-the-office-pass-top-plans-to-strengthen-its-footprint-with-5x-growth}}</ref>

=== Gurgaon ===
* [[Cyber City, Gurgaon|Cyber City, DLF Phase 3, Gurgaon]]
* Unitech Cyber Park, Sec 39
* JMD Megapolis, Sohna Road
* Vipul Trade Centre, Sohna Road
* [[DLF (company)|DLF]] Corporate Greens - New Gurgaon
* Paras Downtown, Golf Course Road
*Vatika Towers, Golf Course Road

=== Noida ===
* Sector - 4, Near [[Noida Sector 16 metro station]]

=== Delhi ===
* Mohan Cooperative, Near [[Mohan Estate metro station]], [[South Delhi]]

==Funding==
In April 2017, The Office Pass has received a funding of $245,000 (Rs 1.5 crore) in seed investment by Arun Tadanki, former [[managing director]] of [[Yahoo!|Yahoo India]] and Southeast Asia and from other groups of investors.<ref name="vccircle1"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Coworking firm The Office Pass raises seed funding of $245,000 from former Yahoo India MD, others|url=https://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/commercial/coworking-firm-the-office-pass-raises-seed-funding-of-245000-from-former-yahoo-india-md-others/58394632|publisher=[[The Economic Times]]|date=2017-04-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Coworking startup The Office Pass raises USD 245K in seed money|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/companies/coworking-startup-the-office-pass-raises-usd-245k-in-seed-money-2265433.html|publisher=[[Moneycontrol.com]]|date=2017-04-25}}</ref>

In November 2017, The Office Pass has raised an undisclosed funding by Dhruv Agarwala, the [[Chief executive officer|chief executive]] and founder of PropTiger, [[Housing.com]] and other individual investors have also participated in the round.<ref name="livemint">{{cite news|last1=Malik|first1=Yuvraj |title=Co-working start-up The Office Pass raises funds from PropTiger CEO Dhruv Agarwala|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/AP2mL13QYaIaPhFX6YDB9N/Coworking-startup-The-Office-Pass-raises-funds-from-PropTi.html|publisher=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|date=2017-06-11}}</ref><ref name="businessworld">{{cite news|title=The Office Pass, Coworking Space Provider Raises Fresh Funding|url=http://bwdisrupt.businessworld.in/article/The-Office-Pass-Coworking-Space-Provider-Raises-Fresh-Funding/07-11-2017-130751/|publisher=[[Businessworld]]|date=2017-11-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Funding Galore: Indian Startup Funding Of The Week]|url=https://inc42.com/buzz/indian-startup-funding-24/|publisher=INC24|date=2017-11-11}}</ref>

==Recognition==
* '''2018''': Recognized as the top 100 start-ups by Sutra HR.<ref>{{cite news|title=Top 100 Startups In India To Watch In 2018|url=https://sutrahr.com/top-100-startups-2018|publisher=SutraHR}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Regus]]
* [[WeWork]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.theofficepass.com Official website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Office Pass, The}}
[[Category:Companies based in Gurgaon]]
[[Category:Coworking space providers]]
[[Category:Real estate companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2017]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Haryana]]

Yazali

2025-12-06T09:02:35Z

Leonpcs: added bio!

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Yazali
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| pushpin_label = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|15.886|N|80.547|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Guntur district|Guntur]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = Karlapalem
| government_footnotes = <ref name="panchayat">{{cite web |title=Gram Panchayat Identification Codes |url=http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |website=Saakshar Bharat Mission |publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818173131/http://saaksharbharat.nic.in/saaksharbharat/forms/gp_code.pdf |archive-date=18 August 2017 |page=105 | url-status=dead}}</ref>
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayati raj]]
| governing_body = Yazali [[gram panchayat]]
| leader_title = [[Sarpanch]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book : Guntur (Part B) |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_B_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=5 June 2019 |pages=14,492 |date=2011}}</ref>
| area_total_ha = 2423
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=668865 |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>
| population_total = 7975
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code = +91–
| registration_plate_type =
| registration_plate = AP
}}

'''Yazali''' is a village in [[Guntur district]] of the [[Indian state]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It is located in Karlapalem [[mandal]] of [[Tenali revenue division]].<ref name="census" />

== Geography ==

Yazali is situated to the south of the mandal headquarters, [[Karlapalem]],<ref name="village">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook : Guntur (Part A) |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2817_PART_A_DCHB_GUNTUR.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=Directorate of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh |access-date=5 June 2019 |pages=5,818–819 |date=2011}}</ref> at {{Coord|15.886|N|80.547|E}}. It is spread over an area of {{Convert|2423|ha|abbr=on}}.<ref name="census" />

== Demographics ==

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]], Yazali had a population of 3,103. Males constituted 51% of the population and females 49%. Yazali has an average literacy rate of 23%, lower than the national average of 59.5%; with 35% of the males and 15% of females literate. 10% of the population is under six years of age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> The majority occupation of the village is agriculture.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}

== Governance ==

Yazali [[gram panchayat]] is the [[Local self-government in India|local self-government]] of the village.<ref name="panchayat" /> It is divided into wards, and each ward is represented by a ward member.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDoppmCmeqUC&q=sarpanch|title=Citizen Participation in Rural Development|last=Seetharam|first=Mukkavilli|date=1990-01-01|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=9788170992271|page=34|language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==

As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has 11 schools. These include 2 private and 9 [[District Councils of India|Zila]]/[[Mandal Parishad]] schools.<ref>{{cite web |title=School Information |url=https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |website=Commissionerate of School Education |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |access-date=7 May 2019 |archive-date=16 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416174708/https://cse.ap.gov.in/DSE/totalSchoolReport.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[List of villages in Guntur district]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Villages in Karlapalem mandal}}

[[Category:Villages in Guntur district]]

{{Guntur-geo-stub}}

Navyug Schools

2025-12-04T21:50:28Z

Leonpcs: revised

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox school
| name = Navyug Schools
| seal_image = 
| motto = Tamso Ma Jyotirgamya ''From darkness, lead me to light]''
| location = 11 branches in Delhi India
| schooltype = Day boarding school
| founded = 1973
| founder = [[New Delhi Municipal Council]]
| website = {{url|ndmc.gov.in/services/ndmc_schools.aspx}}
}}
'''Navyug School''', often referred to as a school for gifted children, is an experimental school for the talented children . It was founded in 1973 by [[New Delhi Municipal Council]] (NDMC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of NDMC/Navyug Schools - New Delhi |url=https://www.ndmc.gov.in/departments/education_school.aspx}}</ref> under the auspices of Navyug School Education Society.

The first of the 11 branches is in Sarojini Nagar, New Delhi. The first principal of the school was J. N. Dar, an [[Eton college]] alumnus. After the success of this school, NDMC opened 10 more branches in Delhi. All branches are run by Navyug School Education Society and funded by NDMC.

The selection of students is through a stringent written test followed by an interview. The students and the teachers go through a rigorous screening procedure, making these schools at par with any good private school in India.

== Philosophy and objective ==

Rich or poor, education is a fundamental right of all. Educated masses are the foundation of a [[developed country]]. At the time of independence, there were few private schools, but only rich could afford them. Government schools provided cheap education, but their standard was far below that of private schools.

Intelligence is not a function of wealth, but it is required to mine and process the reserves of raw intelligence. Latent talent from [[Economically Weaker Section|economically weaker section]] generally goes waste in absence of resources. To harness this untapped potential, New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) formed Navyug School Education Society, which started the first Navyug School in 1973 at Sarojini Nagar, Delhi. The school is brain-child of Smt. [[Vidyaben Shah]], who was then vice president of NDMC. The school is often quoted as a "school for gifted children".

[[File:nav2 redbrick.jpg|thumb|red brick building at Netaji Nagar (1973)]]

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.navayug.com/ www.navayug.com: Site created by Ex-Students of Sarojini Nagar, Delhi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151007213927/http://www.iamin.in/en/new-delhi/news/navyug-schools-celebrate-42nd-foundation-day-new-delhi-54138 Navyug Schools celebrate 42nd foundation day in New Delhi]
{{coord missing|Delhi}}

[[Category:Special schools in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Delhi]]

2022 Bengaluru Open II – Singles

2025-11-29T11:46:18Z

Leonpcs:

{{morefootnotes|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Tennis events|2022|Bengaluru Open II|
| champ = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic]]
| runner = {{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov]]
| score = 6–4, 6–4
| edition =
| type = singles doubles
| before_name = Bengaluru Open
| before_year = 2022
| main_name = Bengaluru Open
| after_name = Bengaluru Open
}}

{{main|2022 Bengaluru Open II}}

[[Tseng Chun-hsin]] was the defending champion<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/tennis/chun-hsin-tseng-wins-bengaluru-open-atp-challenger-borna-gojo/article38422792.ece|title=Chun-hsin Tseng beats Borna Gojo to win Bengaluru Open|first=N.|last=Sudarshan|website=Sportstar|date=13 February 2022 }}</ref> but lost in the first round to [[Markos Kalovelonis]].

[[Aleksandar Vukic]] won the title after defeating [[Dimitar Kuzmanov]] 6–4, 6–4 in the final.

==Seeds==
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
# {{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Aleksandar Vukic]] (champion)'''
# {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Hugo Grenier]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud]] ''(semifinals)''
# {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Gaio]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Vít Kopřiva]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell]] ''(quarterfinals)''
# {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan]] ''(first round)''
# {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin]] ''(first round)''
}}

==Draw==
{{Draw key}}

===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final

| team-width=175

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''77'''
| RD1-score1-2='''6'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2=
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo]]
| RD1-score2-1=65
| RD1-score2-2=3
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3=3
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud]]
| RD1-score3-1='''6'''
| RD1-score3-2=5
| RD1-score3-3=3
| RD1-seed4=
| RD1-team4='''{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov]]'''
| RD1-score4-1=4
| RD1-score4-2='''7'''
| RD1-score4-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic]]'''
| RD2-score1-1='''6'''
| RD2-score1-2='''6'''
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2=
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Kuzmanov]]
| RD2-score2-1=4
| RD2-score2-2=4
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

===Top half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=1
| RD1-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic|A Vukic]]'''
| RD1-score01-1='''6'''
| RD1-score01-2='''6'''
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=
| RD1-team02={{flagicon|IND}} [[Prajnesh Gunneswaran|P Gunneswaran]]
| RD1-score02-1=4
| RD1-score02-2=2
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]'''
| RD1-score03-1='''79'''
| RD1-score03-2='''711'''
| RD1-score03-3=
| RD1-seed04=Q
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Andrew Harris (tennis)|A Harris]]
| RD1-score04-1=67
| RD1-score04-2=69
| RD1-score04-3=

| RD1-seed05=
| RD1-team05={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Evgeny Donskoy|E Donskoy]]
| RD1-score05-1=3
| RD1-score05-2=67
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=
| RD1-team06='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marc Polmans|M Polmans]]'''
| RD1-score06-1='''6'''
| RD1-score06-2='''79'''
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jason Kubler|J Kubler]]
| RD1-score07-1='''7'''
| RD1-score07-2=3
| RD1-score07-3=0
| RD1-seed08=6
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD1-score08-1=5
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed09=4
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Federico Gaio|F Gaio]]
| RD1-score09-1=4
| RD1-score09-2=3
| RD1-score09-3=
| RD1-seed10=Q
| RD1-team10='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Antoine Bellier|A Bellier]]'''
| RD1-score10-1='''6'''
| RD1-score10-2='''6'''
| RD1-score10-3=

| RD1-seed11=WC
| RD1-team11='''{{flagicon|IND}} Sidharth Rawat'''
| RD1-score11-1='''6'''
| RD1-score11-2='''6'''
| RD1-score11-3=
| RD1-seed12=Q
| RD1-team12={{flagicon|IND}} [[Mukund Sasikumar|M Sasikumar]]
| RD1-score12-1=4
| RD1-score12-2=4
| RD1-score12-3=

| RD1-seed13=Q
| RD1-team13={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Dominik Palán|D Palán]]
| RD1-score13-1='''6'''
| RD1-score13-2=3
| RD1-score13-3=4
| RD1-seed14=
| RD1-team14='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo|B Gojo]]'''
| RD1-score14-1=4
| RD1-score14-2='''6'''
| RD1-score14-3='''6'''

| RD1-seed15=
| RD1-team15='''{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Andrey Kuznetsov (tennis)|A Kuznetsov]]'''
| RD1-score15-1='''6'''
| RD1-score15-2=1
| RD1-score15-3='''6'''
| RD1-seed16=5
| RD1-team16={{flagicon|CZE}} [[Vít Kopřiva|V Kopřiva]]
| RD1-score16-1=2
| RD1-score16-2='''6'''
| RD1-score16-3=3

| RD2-seed01=1
| RD2-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic|A Vukic]]'''
| RD2-score01-1='''6'''
| RD2-score01-2='''6'''
| RD2-score01-3=
| RD2-seed02=
| RD2-team02={{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jay Clarke (tennis)|J Clarke]]
| RD2-score02-1=1
| RD2-score02-2=3
| RD2-score02-3=

| RD2-seed03=
| RD2-team03={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Marc Polmans|M Polmans]]
| RD2-score03-1=67
| RD2-score03-2='''6'''
| RD2-score03-3=2
| RD2-seed04=6
| RD2-team04='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]'''
| RD2-score04-1='''79'''
| RD2-score04-2=4
| RD2-score04-3='''6'''

| RD2-seed05=Q
| RD2-team05='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Antoine Bellier|A Bellier]]'''
| RD2-score05-1='''6'''
| RD2-score05-2=2
| RD2-score05-3='''6'''
| RD2-seed06=WC
| RD2-team06={{flagicon|IND}} S Rawat
| RD2-score06-1=4
| RD2-score06-2='''6'''
| RD2-score06-3=4

| RD2-seed07=
| RD2-team07='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo|B Gojo]]'''
| RD2-score07-1='''6'''
| RD2-score07-2='''6'''
| RD2-score07-3=
| RD2-seed08=
| RD2-team08={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Andrey Kuznetsov (tennis)|A Kuznetsov]]
| RD2-score08-1=4
| RD2-score08-2=1
| RD2-score08-3=

| RD3-seed01=1
| RD3-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic|A Vukic]]'''
| RD3-score01-1='''6'''
| RD3-score01-2=2
| RD3-score01-3='''6'''
| RD3-seed02=6
| RD3-team02={{flagicon|AUS}} [[Max Purcell|M Purcell]]
| RD3-score02-1=4
| RD3-score02-2='''6'''
| RD3-score02-3=4

| RD3-seed03=Q
| RD3-team03={{flagicon|SUI}} [[Antoine Bellier|A Bellier]]
| RD3-score03-1=4
| RD3-score03-2=63
| RD3-score03-3=
| RD3-seed04=
| RD3-team04='''{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo|B Gojo]]'''
| RD3-score04-1='''6'''
| RD3-score04-2='''77'''
| RD3-score04-3=

| RD4-seed01=1
| RD4-team01='''{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Aleksandar Vukic|A Vukic]]'''
| RD4-score01-1='''77'''
| RD4-score01-2='''6'''
| RD4-score01-3=
| RD4-seed02=
| RD4-team02={{flagicon|CRO}} [[Borna Gojo|B Gojo]]
| RD4-score02-1=65
| RD4-score02-2=3
| RD4-score02-3=
}}

===Bottom half===
{{16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3
| RD1=First round
| RD2=Second round
| RD3=Quarterfinals
| RD4=Semifinals

| RD1-seed01=8
| RD1-team01={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Tseng Chun-hsin|C-h Tseng]]
| RD1-score01-1=2
| RD1-score01-2=2
| RD1-score01-3=
| RD1-seed02=Q
| RD1-team02='''{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Markos Kalovelonis|M Kalovelonis]]'''
| RD1-score02-1='''6'''
| RD1-score02-2='''6'''
| RD1-score02-3=

| RD1-seed03=
| RD1-team03='''{{flagicon|SUI}} [[Johan Nikles|J Nikles]]'''
| RD1-score03-1=61
| RD1-score03-2='''6'''
| RD1-score03-3='''7'''
| RD1-seed04=
| RD1-team04={{flagicon|ITA}} [[Raúl Brancaccio|R Brancaccio]]
| RD1-score04-1='''77'''
| RD1-score04-2=1
| RD1-score04-3=5

| RD1-seed05=WC
| RD1-team05='''{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arjun Kadhe|A Kadhe]]'''
| RD1-score05-1='''6'''
| RD1-score05-2='''6'''
| RD1-score05-3=
| RD1-seed06=WC
| RD1-team06={{flagicon|IND}} Adil Kalyanpur
| RD1-score06-1=2
| RD1-score06-2=2
| RD1-score06-3=

| RD1-seed07=Q
| RD1-team07={{flagicon|IND}} Nitin Kumar Sinha
| RD1-score07-1=1
| RD1-score07-2=1
| RD1-score07-3=
| RD1-seed08=3
| RD1-team08='''{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Enzo Couacaud|E Couacaud]]'''
| RD1-score08-1='''6'''
| RD1-score08-2='''6'''
| RD1-score08-3=

| RD1-seed09=7
| RD1-team09={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ramkumar Ramanathan|R Ramanathan]]
| RD1-score09-1='''6'''
| RD1-score09-2=3
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==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2022/9806/mds.pdf Main draw]
*[http://www.protennislive.com/posting/2022/9806/qs.pdf Qualifying draw]

{{DEFAULTSORT:2022 Bengaluru Open II - 1}}
[[Category:2022 ATP Challenger Tour|Bengaluru Open II - 1]]
[[Category:Bengaluru Open|2022 Singles]]

Sariahtali

2025-11-28T02:07:57Z

Leonpcs: added a bio!

{{Short description|Village in Assam, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sariahtali
| other_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = India Assam#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Map of Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26.4801|91.4362|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nalbari district|Nalbari]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = Nalbari
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_total = 3830
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 781337<ref>{{cite web |title=Postal Code: SARIAHTALI, Post Milanpur SO (Nalbari, Assam) |url=https://pincodearea.in/SARIAHTALI-Pincode-PO-Milanpur-SO |website=PinCodeArea |access-date=15 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in India|STD Code]]
| area_code = 03624
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 303899
| footnotes =
| pushpin_map_alt = Nalbari district
| area_total_ha = 529.71
}}

'''Sariahtali''' is a village in [[Nalbari district]], [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Map of Sariahtali village in Nalbari tahsil, Nalbari, Assam, India |url=https://villagemap.net/assam/nalbari/nalbari/sariahtali-02136303899/ |website=villagemap.net |access-date=14 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gogoi |first=Padmeswar |title=The Tai and the Tai Kingdoms : With a Fuller Treatment of the Tai-Ahom Kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley |publisher=Dept. of Publication, Gauhati University |year=1968 |location=Gauhati |pages=485 |language=English}}</ref> As per [[2011 Census of India]], Sariahtali has a population of 3,830 people with a literacy rate of 67.23%.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sariahtali Population, Village in Nalbari Block |url=https://www.indiagrowing.com/Assam/Nalbari/Nalbari/Sariahtali |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723122739/http://www.indiagrowing.com/Assam/Nalbari/Nalbari/Sariahtali |url-status=usurped |archive-date=23 July 2014 |website=Indiagrowing.com |access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref> The Government [[Industrial training institute|Industrial Training Institute]] (ITI), Nalbari is located in Sariahtali.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of Govt. Industrial Training Institutes {{!}} Directorate of Employment and Craftsmen Training {{!}} Government Of Assam, India |url=https://dect.assam.gov.in/frontimpotentdata/list-of-industrial-training-institutes-0 |website=dect.assam.gov.in |access-date=15 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Govt Industrial Training Institute, Nalbari |url=https://iti.directory/nalbari/govt-industrial-training-institute-nalbari |website=iti.directory |access-date=15 July 2022 |language=en |date=30 May 2019}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Nalbari district]]

{{Assam-geo-stub}}

Sawaare Sabke Sapne... Preeto

2025-11-27T19:08:24Z

Leonpcs:

{{short description|Indian television series}}
{{One source|date=August 2024}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox television
| image = SSSP-Serial.jpg
| image_size =
| caption =
| genre = [[Television drama|Drama]]
| creator = Creative Eye
| developer = Anjum Abbas
| writer = Anjum Abbas, Fiazal Akhtar & Dheeraj Sarna
| director = Naresh Malhotra
| creative_director = Sharad Raj
| starring = [[Sawaare Sabke Sapne Preeto#Cast|See below]]
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 203
| executive_producer =
| producer = [[Dheeraj Kumar]]
| editor =
| location = [[Amritsar]] [[Mumbai]]
| cinematography =
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Creative Eye Limited]]
| channel = [[Imagine TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|2011|7|4|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2012|5|11|df=y}}
}}
'''''Sawaare Sabke Sapne Preeto''''' ('''''SSSP''''') is an Indian television series that premiered on [[Imagine TV]] on 4 July 2011 and ended abruptly on 11 May 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afaqs.com/news/company_briefs/?id=50357_Imagine+launches+two+enthralling+stories+starting+4th+July|title=Imagine launches two enthralling stories starting 4th July|work=afaqs.com|date=1 July 2011}}</ref> The story is located against a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] backdrop and is based on the lives of five sisters. Set in the picturesque north Indian town of [[Amritsar]], which is also an Indian Air Force base, this is the story of the quirky, lovable Dhillon family. They live in a run-down mansion, having moved to India from Pakistan after the Partition, a generation ago. In many ways the Dhillon family is a typical lower-middle-class Indian family.

At the head of the family is retired school master Gangandeep Dhillon, who lives with his wife Kanwal and five daughters.

==Plot==
''Sawaare Sapke Sapne Preeto'' is the story of Preeto, third among the five Dhillon sisters. The eldest sister is Jasmeet (Meeta) who is lovable and plump, second is Ishmeet (Ishu) who is quiet and respectful and is considered the prettiest, third is Manpreet (Preeto) who is respectful but always speaks her mind, fourth is Gurbaani (Bani) who is in college and likes to party, and the youngest is Sonu who is in school and is everybody's favorite. Their father's income is not enough to maintain the entire family. Preeto's mother often regrets that she does not have a son who could have supported them all. Hence Preeto decides to contribute to the family income by designing and stitching clothes for clients. Her dream is to get her older sisters married and the younger ones educated.

Meeta is engaged to Bobby but he tries to take advantage of Ishu and the wedding is called off. At her friends' wedding, Preeto meets Rajbeer, an air force officer and they develop feelings for each other. Dhruv, another air force officer, falls in love with Ishu. Dhruv and Ishu's wedding is fixed and Preeto and Rajbeer confess their love to each other. But Preeto's father meets with an accident and loses his job. Preeto decides to break up with Rajbeer to focus on arranging money for Ishu's wedding.

However, Dhruv's parents are unhappy with the wedding. At a family outing in Manali, Rajbeer saves Dhruv's sister Simran and she falls in love with him. In [[Amritsar]], Bani falls in love with a man named Ranjeet but he only wants to destroy Rajbeer. He sells Bani off to some goons but Preeto and Rajbeer are able to save her and expose Ranjeet's true intentions. Meanwhile, Preeto's Biji finds out about Preeto and Rajbeer and encourages Preeto to fight for her love.

Dhruv and Simran's mother, Neelam, blackmails Preeto that if she confesses her love to Rajbeer, Neelam would make sure Dhruv divorces Ishu. Conflicted, Preeto decides to fake marriage with Sunny, a cousin of Pankaj's (Meeta's husband) who loves Preeto but knows about her feelings for Rajbeer. But one day Rajbeer overhears Preeto talking to herself and realizes that her marriage is fake and she still loves him.

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Ankita Sharma]] as Manpreet "Preeto" Dhillon: Kavaljit and Gagandeep's third daughter; Meeta, Ishu, Bani and Sonu's sister; Rajbeer's lover (2011–2012)
* [[Aditya Redij]] as Rajbeer Singh: Preeto's lover (2011–2012)

===Recurring===
* [[Ira Soni]] as Ishmeet "Ishu" Ahluwalia: Kavaljit and Gagandeep's second daughter; Preeto, Meeta, Bani and Sonu's sister; Dhruv's wife (2011−2012)
* [[Divya Bhatnagar]] as Jasmeet "Meeta" Ambrela: Kavaljit and Gagandeep's eldest daughter; Ishu, Preeto, Bani and Sonu's sister; Pankaj's wife (2011–2012)
* [[Devoleena Bhattacharjee]] as Gurbani "Bani" Dhillon: Kavaljit and Gagandeep's fourth daughter; Meeta, Ishu, Preeto and Sonu's sister (2011−2012)
* [[Mahima Makwana]] as Sonam "Sonu" Dhillon; Kavaljit and Gagandeep's youngest daughter; Meeta, Ishu, Preeto and Bani's sister (2011−2012)
* [[Kanan Malhotra]] as Dhruv Ahluwalia: Neelam and Kulbhushan's son; Simmi's brother; Ishu's husband (2011–2012)
* Rohit Mehta as Mr. Kumar administrative officer (2012)
* [[Pavitra Punia]] as Simran "Simmi" Ahluwalia: Neelam and Kulbhushan's daughter; Dhruv's sister (2011−2012)
* [[Sailesh Gulabani]] as Pankaj Ambrela: Sunny's cousin; Meeta's husband (2011−2012)
* [[Shresth Kumar]] as Shivansh "Sunny" Ambrela: Pankaj's cousin; Preeto's ex-fiancé (2012)
* [[Ujjwal Rana]] as Baljeet "Bobby" Singh: Meeta's former fiancé (2011−2012)
* [[Susheel Parashar]] as Gagandeep Dhillon: Kavaljit's husband; Meeta, Ishu, Preeto, Bani and Sonu's father (2011–2012)
* Nitika Anand as Kavaljit Kaur Dhillon: Gagandeep's wife; Meeta, Ishu, Preeto, Bani and Sonu's mother (2011–2012)
* Ritwika Gupta as Aisha Sood: Simmi's friend & Rajbir’s first wife (2011–2012)
* Vijay Aidasani as Kulbhushan Ahluwalia; Dhruv and Simmi's father (2011−2012)
* Aradhana Uppal as Neelam Ahluwalia: Kulbhushan's wife; Dhruv and Simmi's mother (2011−2012)

===Guest stars===
* [[Himesh Reshammiya]] as himself for the promotion of ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]'' and ''[[Damadamm!]]'' (2011)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/180/3265 ''Sawaare Sabke Sapne Preeto'' official site on Imagine TV] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802101937/http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/180/3265 |date=2 August 2013 }}
* [https://www.dangalplay.com/shows/sawaare-sabke-sapne-preeto ''Sawaare Sabke Sapne Preeto''] on Dangal Play
{{Imagine Programmes}}

[[Category:Imagine TV original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian television soap operas]]
[[Category:2012 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Punjab, India]]

Nolamba dynasty

2025-11-21T00:50:48Z

Leonpcs: further cleanup information for consistency additionally and corrected details

{{Short description|Dynasty of India}}
{{AI-generated|date=November 2025}}
The '''Nolamba dynasty''' were a dynasty of southern India. During the late 8th to early 11th centuries, they controlled parts of south-eastern [[Karnataka]]. At its height, their territory — called Nolamba-vadi — included the adjoining parts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Andrew L. Cohen |title=Why a History of Monuments from Noḷambavāḍi |journal=Artibus Asiae |volume=57 |issue=1-2 |page=1997 |jstor=3249949 }}</ref> The Nolambas (often styled Nolamba or Nolamba-Pallavas) are known to us chiefly through local inscriptions — notably the Hemavathi (Hemavati) pillar inscription <ref>{{cite book
|last=Cohen
|first=Andrew L.
|title=Temple Architecture and Sculpture of the Nolambas: Ninth–Tenth Centuries
|publisher=Manohar Publishers
|year=1998
}}</ref>
and several district inscriptions (Chitradurga, Madhugiri / Madakasira, etc.). These epigraphic records provide the genealogy, titles and a sequence of rulers. The Nolamba polity, called Nolambavadi, lies in parts of present-day Tumkur, Chitradurga, Kolar, Bangalore (rural), Chittoor, Anantapur and neighbouring districts. Because most knowledge comes from inscriptions, some dates and the precise territorial limits remain approximate and subject to scholarly interpretation.The area they held sway over is also referred to as ''Nolambasa-37'' of Henjeru (Hemavathi) and ''Nolambalige'' (''Nolambavadi''-32000).

== Origin ==

R. Narasimhacharya states that the Nolambas were a native [[Kannada]] dynasty.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhXRDSgBuL0C&q=nolamba|title=History of Kannada Language|last=R|first=Narasimhacharya|publisher=Asian Educational Services|year=1942|isbn=9788120605596|pages=49}}</ref> An inscription says that the Nolamba dynasty claimed descent from the King [[Pallava dynasty|Trinayana Pallava]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382690/page/n27/mode/1up?q=Nellore+choda+karikala|last=N. |first=Venkata Ramanayya |title=Trilochana Pallava And Karikala Chola |publisher=V. Ramaswamy Sastrulu & Sons |year=1929 |location=Madras |pages=18 |language=English}}</ref> The [[Madhugiri|Bijjavara-Madhugiri]] [[Polygar]]s claimed descent from the Nolamba-Pallavas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayanti Goda |url=http://archive.org/details/abhinavabharatasarasangrahamummuudichikkabhupalaiiied.satyanarayanar. |title=Abhinava Bharata Sara Sangraha Mummuudi Chikkabhupala III Ed. Satyanarayana R.}}</ref>

== List of Kings ==

===Mangala Nolambadhiraja (c. 735 – 785 AD)===

Mangala Nolambadhiraja<ref>{{cite web
|title=South Indian Inscriptions – Volume 9: Nolamba Pallavas
|url=https://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/nolamba_pallavas1.html
|website=WhatIsIndia
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
is recorded in the Hemavathi inscription and is regarded as the first prominently attested Nolamba king. The inscription credits him with victories over the Kiratakas and praises his valor. Contemporary Chalukya records refer to him respectfully, indicating political recognition by the Badami [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukya]]. There is no clear epigraphic evidence that precisely maps the full extent of his realm, so the size of the kingdom under Mangala remains uncertain.

===Simhapota (c. 785 – 805 AD)===

Simhapota<ref>{{cite web
|title=Art Historian Andrew Cohen Gave Nolamba Art Its Place Under the Sun
|url=https://www.csp.indica.in/art-historian-andrew-cohen-gave-nolamba-art-its-place-under-the-sun/
|website=Indica
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
is named as Mangala's son and successor. During Simhapota's reign the Nolambas were feudatories of the [[Western Ganga dynasty]] king [[Shivamara II]]. When Shivamara II was imprisoned by the Rashtrakutas, a power struggle ensued: Shivamara's brother Durgamara attempted to seize the Ganga throne. Simhapota intervened militarily against Durgamara and, in the shifting balance of power, accepted [[Govinda III]] of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakutas]] as his suzerain.

===Charuponeru (c. 805 – 830 AD)===

Charuponeru <ref>{{cite web
|title=The Nolambas: Coinage and History
|url=https://prabhupublications.wordpress.com/the-nolambas/
|website=Prabhu Publications
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
was the son of Simhapota. He initially remained loyal to [[Govinda III]] as his father had done. After Govinda III's death, when [[Amoghavarsha]] (Amoghavarsha Nrupathunga) ascended the Rashtrakuta throne (Amoghavarsha was young at accession), many feudatories asserted autonomy. Charuponeru was among those who began acting independently as central control loosened.

===Pollalchora I (c. 830 – 875 AD) — alliances and expansion===

Pollalchora <ref>{{cite web
|title=Archaeological Report: Nolamba Dynasty
|url=https://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/16962.pdf
|website=IGNCA
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
was Charuponeru's son. During his reign South Indian politics were highly unstable. The Gangas and Nolambas allied in campaigns against the [[Bana kingdom|Banas]]; the conflict for the fertile tract of Gangavadi (described in records as 6,000 villages) was one focal point. Through military success against rival chieftains — and in later campaigns against the Pallavas — Pollalchora's forces expanded Nolambavadi; some accounts record Nolamba influence reaching as far as Kanchipuram during this period (though the exact limits are debated among historians).
A strategic marital alliance strengthened Nolamba–Ganga ties: Jayabe, daughter of a Ganga ruler (descendant of Rachamalla I), was married into the Nolamba family (to a prince recorded in inscriptions as Pollalchora's son), cementing the two houses' cooperation.

===Mahendra I and succession uncertainties (c. 875 – late 9th century)===

Pollalchora's son Mahendra I<ref>{{cite web
|title=Who were Nolamba Pallavas?
|url=https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/who-were-nolamba-pallavas/
|website=CivilsDaily
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
(Mahendradhiraja) succeeded around 875 AD. The record after Mahendra becomes less clear. The Hemavathi inscription and others later name Nanniashraya Ayyappadeva (Ayyappadeva / Nanni Ayyappadeva) as a subsequent ruler, but the earliest epigraphic evidence for Ayyappadeva's regnal year appears later (the first recorded regnal date in an inscription is Saka 919 / c. 997 CE depending on interpretation), leaving a historiographical gap.
Historians infer that a half-brother or collateral claimant — named Iriva Nolambadiraja Nolapaya in inscriptions (described as the son of Devbarasi) — may have held power for a time between Mahendra and Ayyappadeva. This inference is based on references in the Madugiri and Hemavathi inscriptions and the need to account for apparent gaps in dated records.

===Ayyappadeva I(Nanniashraya)-( 897 – 934 AD)===

Ayyappadeva <ref>{{cite web
|title=Nolamba Dynasty
|url=https://www.mintageworld.com/history/detail/170-nolambas/
|website=MintageWorld
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
(often equated with Nanniashraya Ayyappadeva / Ayyappadeva I) is recorded in the Madakasira inscriptions and other records. Mahendra is reported to have died fighting the Gangas, after which the Gangas captured parts of Nolambavadi. Ayyappadeva continued military efforts against the Gangas to recover territories. In his later years Ayyappadeva's alignment with the Rashtrakutas drew the attention of resurgent Chalukya forces; an invasion led by Chalukya king Bhima (of the later Chalukya phase) resulted in a battle in which Ayyappadeva was killed in 934 AD.
Ayyappadeva left four sons — '''Ankayya, Maydha Nolippa, Bira Nolamba (Aniga Bira Nolamba), and Iriva Nolamba Dilipa (Diliparaja)''' — and after his death Nolambavadi fragmented among these heirs.

===Fragmentation and later rulers (mid-10th century)===

After Ayyappadeva's death the kingdom split among his sons and grandsons:

• '''Bira Nolamba (Aniga Bira Nolamba)''' — he is recorded ruling c. 934 – 940 AD; he married a Chalukya princess and launched campaigns against the Gangas but was defeated.

• '''Iriva Nolamba Diliparaja (Diliparaja / Dilipa)''' <ref>{{cite news
|title=Madakasira Nolambas Contributed to Spread of Pasupatism
|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/madakasira-nolambarajas-contributed-greatly-to-spread-of-pasupatism-says-historian-796533
|newspaper=The Hans India
|date=2023-05-30
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
— ruled approximately 941 – 968 AD; he was a Rashtrakuta feudatory (at times allied under Govinda III's successor line). During Dilipa's time the Gangas and Banas were also allied with Rashtrakutas; the Nolambas and Gangas fought alongside Rashtrakutas in wars against the Cholas, and Dilipa<ref>{{cite web
|title=Siddheswara Temple Inscriptions
|url=https://www.gktoday.in/siddheswara-temple-inscriptions/
|website=GKToday
|access-date=14 November 2025
}}</ref>
had repeated border wars with Chola forces.

• '''Nanni Nolamba (son of Dilipa)''' — reigned c. 966 – 975 AD and bore the title '''"Challadhakkara"''', ruling principally from the Kolar region. During his reign conflicts with the Gangas resumed; the Ganga king Marasimha weakened Nolamba power. Although the Nolambas later regained some territory after Marasimha's death, they never returned to their former dominance.

During the late 10th century the Rashtrakuta decline, Ganga resurgence, Chola pressure and internal partitions led to the Nolambas' loss of consolidated authority. Over the next centuries the Nolamba lineage continued in lesser, local forms as the Madhugiri/Bijjavara polygars and other chieftains who claimed Nolamba descent. Eventually, a second local phase of Nolamba rule emerges under '''Raja Hiregowda''', who established the Madhugiri Mahanada Prabhus branch, preserving Nolamba heritage at a regional level.

==Later Medieval Succession==

After losing primary power as kings, the Nolambas shifted their focus and gradually moved towards Bellary in the north. Centuries later, chieftains who remained in the Nolambavadi region initiated a new regional phase of the dynasty, known as the Second Phase of the Nolambas [[Madhugiri|Bijjavara-Madhugiri]] [[Polygar]]s.

=== Origins & Founding ===

• This period is traditionally attributed to '''Raja Hiregowda''',<ref>{{cite web
|last=Shivaraju
|first=Name
|title=Madhugiri Fort and Mahanada Prabhus
|work=Multidisciplinary Research
|url=https://eprajournals.com/jpanel/upload/812pm_34.Shivaraju-2818-1.pdf
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
|title=Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department
|year=1929
|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.501531/2015.501531.Annual-Report_djvu.txt
|publisher=Mysore Archaeological Department
}}</ref> who ruled from the capital '''Tungavathi''' around '''1130 AD'''.

• He had two queens:

*First Queen: ''Three sons — '''Raja Maregowda, Channappa Gowda, and Sangappa Gowda'''''
*Second Queen: ''Four sons — '''Kalachikkappagowda, Ramappa Gowda, Chikkappagowda, and Chikaramappa Gowda'''''
• In local tradition, these branches are collectively known as the "Nolamba [[Lingayath|Lingayats]] '''ಮೂರು ದಿನ"''' (from the first queen's lineage) and the "Nolamba [[Lingayath|Lingayats]] '''ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಿನ"''' (from the second queen's lineage).

=== Branches & Chieftaincies ===

From these lines emerged multiple chieftaincies across present-day Tumkur, Karnataka:

*Channappa Gowda – Chieftain of Tereyuru
*Sangappa Gowda – Chieftain of Chelur
*Kalachikkappagowda – Chieftain of Gubbi Hosahalli
*Ramappa Gowda – Chieftain of Ennegere
*Chikkappagowda – Chieftain of Bidre
*Chikaramappa Gowda – Chieftain of Kora
These sub-branches represent the gradual decentralization of authority among regional Nolamba chieftains.

=== Later Medieval Succession ===

*Raja Maregowda's line continued as follows:
'''Raja Viregowda''' → '''Raja Doddegowda''' → '''Raja Hirechikkappa Gowda''' (ruled ~1524 AD, shifted the capital to ''Bijavara)''.

• His successors were:
*'''Raja Karithimachikkappa Gowda'''
*'''Raja Immadi Chikkappagowda (ruled ~1594 AD)'''
*'''Raja Mummudi Chikka Bhupala (ruled ~1614 – 1640 AD)''' — a devout follower of Lord Venkateshwara. Built temple for [[Venkateswara|Lord Venkateshwara]] in [[Madhugiri]].

Raja Mummudi Chikka Bhupala's sons became influential regional rulers:

*'''Sangappa Gowda''' – ''Chieftain'' of [[Madhugiri]]
*'''Hire Thontappa Gowda''' – ''Chieftain'' of [[Channarayana Durga|Channarayanadurga]]
*'''Raja Kalla Chikkappa Gowda''' – ''Chieftain'' of [[Medigeshi]], known for expanding his territory.
Raja Kalla Chikkappa Gowda had ''two sons'': '''Raja Ramappa Gowda''' and '''Raja Thimappa Gowda'''.

=== Decline & Transition ===

In 1678, [[Chikka Devaraja |Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar II]] of [[Mysore]] launched a campaign against the Nolamba chieftains, capturing '''Raja Ramappa Gowda'''. Following this, the six primary Nolamba lineages descended from '''Raja Hiregowda's''' sons came under Mysore's control.

The chieftain families continued to live in the Tumkur northern region ( ''Kora, Chelur, Tereyuru, Gubbi Hosahalli, Ennegere, Bidre'' ) as respected local leaders, often bearing the surname ''''Gowda''''. They identify themselves as '''Nolamba Lingayaths''', having accepted [[Siddheshwar|Shri Siddarameshwar]]<ref>{{cite journal
|title=The Practice of Veerashaivism under Pagonde Palegars
|journal=Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
|year=2020
|url=https://rjhssonline.com/HTML_Papers/Research%20Journal%20of%20Humanities%20and%20Social%20Sciences__PID__2020-11-4-2.html
}}</ref> as their ''Raja-Guru'', and remain devotees of Shri Siddarameshwar almost 80% of nolamba lingayth follow and worship him and others follow Shaiva sect and the lineage of '''Raja Mummudi Chikka Bhupala''', dedicated to [[Venkateswara|Lord Venkateshwara]] [[Tirupati]].

Officers and kings belonging to the Nolamba dynasty include the following:

*Simhapota, a Nolamba chief, subordinate to the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga kings]].
*Mahendra I, Ayyapadeva who probably ruled around the period of [[Krishna II]] of the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakutas]].
*Anniga or Annayya with the title Bira-Nolamba ruled in the period of [[Amoghavarsha]] of [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakutas]].
*Dilipa or Iriva Nolamba around the period of [[Krishna III]] of the [[Rastrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakutas]]. According to an inscription from Aimangala, 56 Dilipa's son and successor was Nanni Nolamba.
*There are two other names after Nanni Nolamba, namely Polalchora II and Vira Mahendra or Mahendra II as per Kolar district inscriptions.

As long as the [[Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rastrakutas]] were strong Nolamba flourished under their influence. But after their collapse Nolamba Dynasty lost its influence and power.
Nolambas were overrun by the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga]] king Marasimha II (963-975 CE), who boasts of having destroyed the Nolamba family and had the title Nolambakulantaka. Nanni Nolamba was the king who was ruling in {{Circa|970 CE}}. Ahavamalla Nolamba appears identical with Nanni Nolamba. Mahendra II was succeeded by his younger brother Iriva Nolamba II Ghateyankakara, who was too young to come to the throne. Hence, Mahendra's mother Divabbarasi was the queen regent during this period of interregnum after his death. [[Rajaraja I]], the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] emperor, invaded Nolambavadi and occupied most of its southern parts. Trailokyamalla Nanni Nolamba II Pallava Permanadi succeeded Jagadekamalla Irmadi Nolamba and was installed on the throne on 5 April 1044 CE.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C9W1AAAAIAAJ&q=Nolamba|title=The Chālukyas of Kalyāṇ̄a: seminar papers|last=M. S.|first=Nagaraja Rao|publisher=Mythic Society|year=1983|pages=39–41}}</ref>

Other Nolamba officers listed in various inscriptions are: Irivabe-danga Nolamba Ghateyankakara, who appears to have married Pampa Devi, a daughter of [[Satyashraya]] of [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western chalukyas]].

*The Nolamba vassal under Jayasimha of [[Western Chalukya Empire|Western Chalukya]] was Udayaditya (about 1018–1035) also called as Vira-Nonamba Jagadekamalla Malladeva.
*Jagadekamalla Immadi Nolamba Pallava Permanadi, perhaps the successor of Udayaditya, was ruling over Kadambalige in 1037.
*Vijaya Pandya who ruled over Nolambavadi from Uchangi from about 1148 to about 1187.

==Temples attributed to the Nolambas==

* [[Kalleshvara Temple, Aralaguppe]], Tiptur taluk
* Kalleshwara Temple, [[Chikkahulikunte]], Sira taluk
* Nolamba Narayaneshvara temple, [[Avani]], Mulbagal Taluk
* Siddeshwara Temple, [[Madhapura]], Honnali taluk (Also Known as Heggeri Siddeshwara)
* Shankara muth, [[Avani]], Mulbagal Taluk
* Sri. Bhoga [[Nandeshwara]], Nandi, [[Chikkaballapura]] Taluk
* Sri.Venugopala, [[Tondanur]], [[Pandavapura]] Taluk
* Sri.Yoga Narasimha, [[Tondanur]], [[Pandavapura]] Taluk
* Siddeswara (Henjerappa) and Doddeswara Temples built by Nolamba pallava kings in the 9th century, Hemavati, Anantapur district
* Sri Veeranjaneya Swamy Temple, Aragonda Village, Chittoor Dt. [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* Sri Siddeswara Temple, Siddeswarana Durga Kolapala Village, [[Challakere]] Taluk, [[Chitradurga]] Dt. [[Karnataka]] dated 834AD

== See also ==

*[[Religion in Western Ganga kingdom]]
*[[Ardhagiri]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081105235128/http://www.kolarcity.gov.in/tourism.html Kolar City Municipal Council - Tourism]
*[http://www.india9.com/i9show/Kalleshwara-Temple-44912.htm Kalleshwara Temple] ''India9.com''

[[Category:Dynasties of India]]
[[Category:Nolambas]]

2012–13 BDFA Super Division

2025-10-01T07:08:28Z

Leonpcs: Made Basic Article Needs Work

{{moresources|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[BDFA Super Division]]
| season = 2012–13
| winners = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]] (7th title)
| promoted =
| relegated = Postal Department Students Union DYSS
| matches =
| total goals =
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring =
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2011–12 BDFA Super Division|2011–12]]
| nextseason = [[2013–14 BDFA Super Division|2013–14]]
}}

The '''2012–13 BDFA Super Division''' was the tenth season of the [[BDFA Super Division]] which is the third tier of the Indian football system and the top tier of the Karnataka football system.<ref name=BangaloreSuperDivision>{{cite web|last=|first=|title=BDFA Super Division Fixtures and Results - 2012-13|url=http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html|work=GardenCity Soccer Stars|access-date=6 December 2012}}</ref>

At the end of the season it was [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL Sports Club]] who finished as the champions.<ref name=BangaloreSuperDivision/>

==Teams==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Club
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|ADE
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|ASC
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|DYSS
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[KGF Academy]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|KSP
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Madras Engineer Group|MEG]]
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Postal
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|RWF
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|South United
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|Students Union
|}

==Table==
{{#invoke:sports table|main|style=WDL
|res_col_header=QR
|team1=HAL|name_HAL=[[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|team2=SUN|name_SUN=[[South United F.C.|South United]]
|team3=ASC|name_ASC=[[Indian Army Service Corps|ASC]]
|team4=MEG|name_MEG=[[Madras Engineer Group|MEG]]
|team5=KGFA|name_KGFA=[[KGF Academy]]
|team6=ADE|name_ADE=ADE
|team7=RWF|name_RWF=[[Rail Wheel Factory|RWF]]
|team8=KSP|name_KSP=KSP
|team9=POS|name_POS=Postal Department
|team10=SU |name_SU =Students Union
|team11=DYSS|name_DYSS=DYSS
|win_HAL=7|draw_HAL=2|loss_HAL=1|gf_HAL=26|ga_HAL=9|status_HAL=C
|win_SUN=6|draw_SUN=2|loss_SUN=2|gf_SUN=27|ga_SUN=7
|win_ASC=5|draw_ASC=4|loss_ASC=1|gf_ASC=16|ga_ASC=7
|win_MEG=5|draw_MEG=4|loss_MEG=1|gf_MEG=14|ga_MEG=6
|win_KGFA=4|draw_KGFA=3|loss_KGFA=3|gf_KGFA=17|ga_KGFA=14
|win_ADE=3|draw_ADE=3|loss_ADE=4|gf_ADE=14|ga_ADE=14
|win_RWF=3|draw_RWF=3|loss_RWF=4|gf_RWF=12|ga_RWF=17
|win_KSP=2|draw_KSP=5|loss_KSP=3|gf_KSP=16|ga_KSP=13
|win_POS=2|draw_POS=5|loss_POS=3|gf_POS=7|ga_POS=10|status_POS=R
|win_SU =1|draw_SU =3|loss_SU =6|gf_SU =8|ga_SU =27|status_SU =R
|win_DYSS=0|draw_DYSS=0|loss_DYSS=10|gf_DYSS=8|ga_DYSS=41|status_DYSS=R
|col_C=#D0F0C0|text_C=Champions
|result1=C
|col_R=#FFCCCC|text_R=Relegated to A Division
|result9=R|result10=R|result11=R
|class_rules=1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored.
|update=17 February 2013
|source=[http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-2012-13-super-division-team.html GCSStars]
}}

==Fixtures and Results==
{{football box collapsible
|date = 2 December 2012
|time = Sunday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Students Union
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = DYSS
|goals1 = Satish {{goal|72}} Dinesh {{goal|80}}
|goals2 = Santosh {{goal|42}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|nobars = 1}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 3 December 2012
|time = Monday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = RWF
|score = 1 – 2
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = ASC
|goals1 = Prakash{{goal|82}}
|goals2 = Sreejith {{goal|50}} Singh {{goal|74}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 4 December 2012
|time = Tuesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = MEG
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = KSP
|goals1 = Hmar{{goal|66}}
|goals2 = Karthick {{goal|14}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 5 December 2012
|time = Wednesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[KGF Academy]]
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Postal
|goals1 = Hussain {{goal|54}}
|goals2 = Joy {{goal|13}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 6 December 2012
|time = Thursday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score = 2 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = ASC
|goals1 = Vignesh {{goal|47}} Murugappan{{goal|60}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 7 December 2012
|time = Friday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = DYSS
|score = 1 – 7
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = KSP
|goals1 = Prakash {{goal|14}}
|goals2 = Pradeep {{goal|8}} Venkatesh {{goal|20}} Arunkumar {{goal|31||57}} Kumar {{goal|35||87}} Karthick {{goal|45}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 8 December 2012
|time = Saturday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = RWF
|score = 1 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Students Union
|goals1 = Babu {{goal|7}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 9 December 2012
|time = Sunday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|score = 0 – 2
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = MEG
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Ramu {{goal|40}} Brajohn {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 10 December 2012
|time = Monday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = ASC
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Postal
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 11 December 2012
|time = Tuesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = ADE
|score = 3 – 2
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = [[KGF Academy]]
|goals1 = Sridharan {{goal|7}} Santosh {{goal|9}} Xavier {{goal|23}}
|goals2 = Rajesh {{goal|40}} T. Singh {{goal|59}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 12 December 2012
|time = Wednesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = RWF
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = MEG
|goals1 = Deepu {{goal|50}}
|goals2 = Hmar {{goal|42}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 13 December 2012
|time = Thursday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1 = Pappiah {{goal|24}} [[Vinoth Kumar|Kumar]] {{goal|63}}
|goals2 = Stephen {{goal|87}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 14 December 2012
|time = Friday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = ASC
|score = 3 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Students Union
|goals1 = Arunjeet {{goal|24}} Barelly {{goal|65}} Sudherkumar {{goal|74}}
|goals2 = Philip {{goal|82}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 15 December 2012
|time = Saturday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = MEG
|score = 1 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = ADE
|goals1 = Ramu {{goal|40}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 16 December 2012
|time = Sunday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = [[KGF Academy]]
|goals1 = Manivannan {{goal|11}}
|goals2 = Rajesh {{goal|5}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 17 December 2012
|time = Monday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Postal
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = DYSS
|goals1 = Keneth {{goal|22}} Venkatesh {{goal|30}}
|goals2 = Sunil {{goal|55}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 18 December 2012
|time = Tuesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = ADE
|score = 2 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = RWF
|goals1 = Stephen {{goal|22}} Xavier{{goal|36}}
|goals2 = Regin {{goal|42}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 19 December 2012
|time = Wednesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|score = 5 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Students Union
|goals1 = [[Vinoth Kumar|Kumar]] {{goal|25||45+2||56}} Emmanuel {{goal|28}} Hamza {{goal|42}}
|goals2 = Babalola {{goal|83}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 20 December 2012
|time = Thursday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = DYSS
|score = 0 – 7
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Vignesh {{goal|1}} Amoes {{goal|12||22}} Kumar {{goal|26}} Stephen {{goal|33||51||80}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 21 December 2012
|time = Friday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Postal
|score = 0 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = RWF
|goals1 =
|goals2 = Vijay {{goal|53}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 22 December 2012
|time = Saturday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = Students Union
|score = 2 – 2
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = ADE
|goals1 = Heraland {{goal|42}} Mong {{goal|90}}
|goals2 = Stephen {{goal|56}} Xavier
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 23 December 2012
|time = Sunday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|score = 4 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = [[KGF Academy]]
|goals1 = Emmanuel {{goal|20||42}} [[Vinoth Kumar|Kumar]] {{goal|29||64}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 24 December 2012
|time = Monday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = MEG
|score = 0 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = Postal
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 25 December 2012
|time = Tuesday 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = ASC
|score = 5 – 0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = DYSS
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}

{{football box collapsible
|date = 26 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score = 1 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = RWF
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 27 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.|HAL]]
|score = 3 – 1
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = ADE
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 28 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = KSP
|score = 3–0
|report = [https://www.deccanherald.com/content/301587/state-police-power-past-students.html Report]
|team2 = Students Union
|goals1 =
* Arun Kumar {{goal|4}}
* Vinod Kumar {{goal|29}}
* Karthik M. {{goal|34}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 29 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[KGF Academy]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [http://www.gcsstars.com/2012/12/bdfa-super-division-fixtures-and.html Report]
|team2 = MEG
|goals1 = Ajay {{goal|3}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 30 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[South United F.C.|South United]]
|score = 3–1
|report = [https://www.deccanherald.com/content/301952/south-united-stay-hunt.html Report]
|team2 = Postal Department
|goals1 =
* V. R. Murugappan {{goal|6}}
* Do {{goal|45+1}}
* Stephen {{goal|71}}
|goals2 = Chetan Kumar {{goal|27|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}
{{football box collapsible
|date = 31 December 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = KSP
|score = 0–2
|report = [https://www.deccanherald.com/content/302138/asc-down-ksp-climb-top.html Report]
|team2 = ASC
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
* Prakash {{goal|36}}
* A. Saikh {{goal|51}}
|stadium = [[Bangalore Football Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
|attendance =
|referee = }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{2012–13 in Indian football}}
{{Football in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2012-13 BDFA Super Division}}
[[Category:BDFA Super Division seasons]]
[[Category:2012–13 in Indian football leagues|3]]

Dholpur Combined Cycle Power Station

2025-09-15T07:16:59Z

Leonpcs: Starting new data and citations

{{unsourced|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
'''Dholpur Combined Cycle Power Station''' is a gas-based thermal power plant located near [[Dholpur]], [[Rajasthan]]. The power plant is operated by the [[Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam|Rajasthan Rajya Vidyut Utpadan Nigam Ltd.]]

The EPC contractor for the project is BGR Energy Systems Ltd.

==Capacity==
It has an installed capacity of '''330 MW'''

{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Stage !! Unit Number !! Installed Capacity ([[Watt#Megawatt|MW]]) !! Turbine type !! Date of Commissioning !! Status
|-
| 1 || 1 || 110 || Gas Turbine || 2007 March || Running
|-
| 1 || 2 || 110 || Gas Turbine || 2007 June || Running
|-
| 1 || 3 || 110 || Steam Turbine || 2007 December || Running
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Power Plants of Rajasthan}}

{{coord missing|Rajasthan}}

[[Category:Natural gas-fired power stations in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Dholpur district]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2007]]

Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi

2025-09-10T01:08:10Z

Leonpcs: cleaned up section additionally and corrected details to improve readability

{{Short description|Marathi language singing reality show}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi.webp
| image_size =
| caption =
| runtime = 45–60 minutes
| creator = Zee Marathi Creative Team
| executive_producer = Nilesh Mayekar
| director = Rajan Dange
| presenter = [[Pallavi Joshi]]
| judges = [[Avdhoot Gupte]] [[Vaishali Samant]]
| theme_music_composer = [[Ajay–Atul]]
| opentheme = Written by: [[Shrirang Godbole]] Performed by: [[Swapnil Bandodkar]] and [[Bela Shende]]
| country = India
| language = Marathi
| location = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| network = [[Zee Marathi]]
| camera = [[Multiple-camera setup|Multi-camera]]
| num_episodes =
| num_seasons = 11
| first_aired = {{start date|2006|9|18|df=y}}
| last_aired = {{end date|2018|1|7|df=y}}
| related = ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]''
}}

'''''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi''''' is an Indian [[Marathi language]] singing reality show which is Marathi version of Hindi ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]'' which aired on [[Zee Marathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi salute's the heroes of 26/11|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-salutes-the-heroes-of-2611.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621134107/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-salutes-the-heroes-of-2611.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 June 2022|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Essel News Letter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee takes 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa' to regional markets; Marathi version set to launch|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/sep/sep104.htm?amp|access-date=2022-06-21|website=Indian Television}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Prasad Oak Gets Nostalgic As He Shares His Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Memories With Fans; Take A Look|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/prasad-oak-gets-nostalgic-as-he-shares-his-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-memories-with-fans-take-a-look/articleshow/76533257.cms|access-date=2024-06-04|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=23 June 2020 }}</ref> The show aired 11 seasons with 4 ''[[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi Li'l Champs]]'' seasons.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lata Mangeshkar visits Zee Marathi sets|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/lata-mangeshkar-visits-zee-marathi-sets.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621134105/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/lata-mangeshkar-visits-zee-marathi-sets.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 June 2022|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Essel News Letter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Miscreants run riot at TV shoot|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/miscreants-run-riot-at-tv-shoot.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621134105/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/miscreants-run-riot-at-tv-shoot.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 June 2022|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Essel News Letter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi announces winner of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-announces-winner-of-sa-re-ga-ma-pa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122082237/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-announces-winner-of-sa-re-ga-ma-pa.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 November 2017|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Essel Mews Letter}}</ref>

== Seasons ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! style="padding: 0 8px" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Season
! colspan="2" | Originally Broadcast
! style="padding: 0 8px" rowspan="2" | Name
|-
! style="padding: 1 8px" | First aired
! style="padding: 1 8px" | Last aired
|-
|style="background:Maroon"|
|align="center"| 1
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2006|9|18}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2007|1|26}}
|align="center"| Season 1<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa' records impressive opening numbers|url=https://indiantelevision.com/headlines/y2k6/oct/oct64.htm|access-date=2022-06-21|website=Indian Television}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Pink"|
|align="center"| 2
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2007|2|5}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2007|6|23}}
|align="center"| Maharashtracha Ajinkyatara
|-
|style="background:Turquoise"|
|align="center"| 3
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2007|7|2}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2008|1|6}}
|align="center"| Season 3<ref>{{Cite web|title=Quality participants, innovative content deliver for Sa Re Ga Ma Pa – Marathi|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/amp/advertising-news/quality-participantsinnovative-content-deliver-for-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-marathi-23137.html|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Exchange4media}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Black"|
|align="center"| 4
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2008|2|25}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2008|6|29}}
|align="center"| Swapna Swaranche, Navtarunyache
|-
|style="background:Purple"|
|align="center"| 5
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2009|3|30}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2009|7|12}}
|align="center"| Maharashtracha Aajcha Aawaj<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi gears up to launch 6th season of Saregamapa|date=21 April 2009 |url=https://tvtoday.wordpress.com/2009/04/21/zee-marathi-gears-up-to-launch-6th-season-of-saregamapa/|access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Red"|
|align="center"| 6
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2009|8|24}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2010|1|31}}
|align="center"| Maharashtracha Aajcha Aawaj 2<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi brings back Sa Re Ga Ma Pa|url=http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-brings-back-sa-re-ga-ma-pa.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621134106/http://www.esselnewsletter.com/news/zee-marathi-brings-back-sa-re-ga-ma-pa.html|url-status=usurped|archive-date=21 June 2022|access-date=2021-06-21|website=Essel News Letter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Urmila Dhangar wins Zee Marathi's Sa Re Ga Ma Pa season seven|url=https://www.radioandmusic.com/content/editorial/news/urmila-dhangar-wins-zee-marathis-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-season-seven|access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Blue"|
|align="center"| 7
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2010|4|26}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2010|8|1}}
|align="center"| Surancha Mahasangram
|-
|style="background:Yellow"|
|align="center"| 8
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2011|6|13}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2011|10|23}}
|align="center"| Parva Navhe Garva
|-
|style="background:Violet"|
|align="center"| 9
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2012|1|18}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2012|5|6}}
|align="center"| Swapna Swaranche, Sur Taryanche<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi's 'Idea Sa Re Ga Ma Pa' from 18th January|url=https://marathimovieworld.com/news/saregamapa-starts-from-18jan2012.php|access-date=2021-04-13|website=Marathi Movie World|date=12 January 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=And the winner of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa on Zee Marathi is...Prashant Damle|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/and-the-winner-of-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-zee-marathi-isprashant-damle-120504|access-date=2024-06-04|website=Telly Chakkar}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Grey"|
|align="center"| 10
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2014|1|13}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2014|4|13}}
|align="center"| Sur Navya Yugacha<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zee Marathi launches 'Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Season 12'|url=https://www.zee.com/in-the-news/zee-marathi-launches-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-season-12/|access-date=2021-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Juilee Joglekar wins Sa Re Ga Ma Pa|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-juilee-joglekar-taufiq-qureshi-hariharan-jayant-pansare-reshma-kulkarni-priyadarshan-adhav-bhau-kadam-supriya-pathare-bela-shende-swapnil-bandodkar/articleshow/33658981.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 April 2014 |access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref>
|-
|style="background:Orange"|
|align="center"| 11
|align="center"| {{start date|df=yes|2017|11|13}}
|align="center"| {{end date|df=yes|2018|1|7}}
|align="center"| Ghe Panga, Kar Danga<ref>{{Cite web|title=कल्याणचा नचिकेत सारेगमपचा महाविजेता|url=https://marathi.indiatimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/television-news/nachiket-lele-from-kalyan-wins-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-grand-finale/articleshow/62406354.cms|access-date=2021-04-13|website=[[Maharashtra Times]]|language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PadMan Akshay Kumar to be a part of Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi grand finale|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/padman-akshay-kumar-to-be-a-part-of-sa-re-ga-ma-pa-marathi-grand-finale-5013972/lite/|access-date=2021-04-13|website=[[The Indian Express]]|date=6 January 2018 }}</ref>
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Zee Marathi Utsav Natyancha Awards]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sa Re Ga Ma Pa To Celebrate 25 Years Of Journey With A Special Episode|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-to-celebrate-25-years-of-journey-with-a-special-episode/articleshow/75848552.cms|access-date=2024-06-04|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=20 May 2020 }}</ref>
!Year
!Category
!Recipient
|-
|rowspan="3"|2007
|Best Anchor Female
|[[Pallavi Joshi]]
|-
|Best Non-fiction show
|[[Essel Vision Productions]]
|-
|Best Judge
|[[Devaki Pandit]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2008
|Best Anchor Female
|[[Pallavi Joshi]]
|-
|Best Non-fiction show
|[[Essel Vision Productions]]
|-
|rowspan="2"|2011
|Best Anchor Female
|[[Priya Bapat]]
|-
|Best Judge
|[[Ajay–Atul]]
|-
|2014
|Best Judge
|[[Avadhoot Gupte]]
|}

== Reception ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" | Week
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | [[TAM Media Research|TAM]] [[Audience measurement|TVR]]
! colspan="2" | Rank
! rowspan="2" | Ref.
|-
! Mah/Goa
! All India
|-
|Week 14
|2009
|1.0
|1
|62
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 05/04/2009 to 11/04/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424202013/http://www.indiantelevision.com:80/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee+Marathi&startperiod=05/04/2009&endperiod=11/04/2009|archive-date=2009-04-24|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com:80/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee+Marathi&startperiod=05/04/2009&endperiod=11/04/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 15
|2009
|0.85
|1
|88
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 12/04/2009 to 18/04/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506112307/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=12/04/2009&endperiod=18/04/2009|archive-date=2009-05-06|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=12/04/2009&endperiod=18/04/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 16
|2009
|0.9
|2
|75
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 19/04/2009 to 25/04/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508161453/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=19/04/2009&endperiod=25/04/2009|archive-date=2009-05-08|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=19/04/2009&endperiod=25/04/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 17
|2009
|0.78
|2
|93
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 26/04/2009 to 02/05/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518061532/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=26/04/2009&endperiod=02/05/2009|archive-date=2009-05-18|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=26/04/2009&endperiod=02/05/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 18
|2009
|0.9
|1
|71
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 03/05/2009 to 09/05/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522003038/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=03/05/2009&endperiod=09/05/2009|archive-date=2009-05-22|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=03/05/2009&endperiod=09/05/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 19
|2009
|0.7
|5
|98
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 10/05/2009 to 16/05/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531171818/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=10/05/2009&endperiod=16/05/2009|archive-date=2009-05-31|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=10/05/2009&endperiod=16/05/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 22
|2009
|0.76
|5
|93
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 31/05/2009 to 06/06/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090616130004/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=31/05/2009&endperiod=06/06/2009|archive-date=2009-06-16|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=31/05/2009&endperiod=06/06/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 26
|2009
|0.68
|5
|100
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 28/06/2009 to 04/07/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720094248/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=28/06/2009&endperiod=04/07/2009|archive-date=2009-07-20|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=28/06/2009&endperiod=04/07/2009}}</ref>
|-
|12 July 2009
|Grand Finale
|0.78
|1
|81
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 12/07/2009 to 18/07/2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090801051704/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=12/07/2009&endperiod=18/07/2009|archive-date=2009-08-01|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=12/07/2009&endperiod=18/07/2009}}</ref>
|-
|Week 1
|2010
|0.9
|2
|80
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 03/01/2010 to 09/01/2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126144914/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=03/01/2010&endperiod=09/01/2010|archive-date=2010-01-26|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=03/01/2010&endperiod=09/01/2010}}</ref>
|-
|31 January 2010
|Grand Finale
|1.1
|1
|46
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 31/01/2010 to 06/02/2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227055037/http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=31/01/2010&endperiod=06/02/2010|archive-date=2010-02-27|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee%20Marathi&startperiod=31/01/2010&endperiod=06/02/2010}}</ref>
|-
|1 August 2010
|Grand Finale
|0.86
|3
|74
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tvr Ratings from 01/08/2010 to 07/08/2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825214347/http://www.indiantelevision.com:80/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee+Marathi&startperiod=01/08/2010&endperiod=07/08/2010|archive-date=2010-08-25|url=http://www.indiantelevision.com:80/tvr/telemeter/telechanneltam.php?ch=Zee+Marathi&startperiod=01/08/2010&endperiod=07/08/2010}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]
* [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Kannada]]
* [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Bangla]]
* [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Telugu]]
* [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Keralam]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt13821108}}
* [https://www.zee5.com/tv-shows/details/sa-re-ga-ma-pa-ghe-panga-kar-danga/0-6-1171 ''Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi''] at [[ZEE5]]
* {{Cite web | url = http://zeemarathi.com/Zee_Serial.aspx?zsid=926 | title = Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Marathi | archive-date = 2014-02-09 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140209231421/http://saregamapa.zeemarathi.com/?zsid=926}}

[[Category:Zee Marathi original programming]]
[[Category:Marathi-language television shows]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2006 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Sa Re Ga Ma Pa]]

Arya Diwaker

2025-09-03T22:23:20Z

Leonpcs: Made Initial Post and Citations...

{{Short description|Hindu temple in Paramaribo, Suriname}}
{{Coord|5.819631|-55.17489|display=title}}
[[File:P1060656a.jpg|thumb|260px|The exterior of the Arya Diwaker temple]]
[[File:Interior Arya Dewaker temple during the fire ceremony.jpg|thumb|260px|right|The interior of the Arya Diwaker temple during the fire ceremony ([[Yajna]])]]
'''Arya Diwaker'''<ref name="OHM" /> ([[Caribbean Hindustani|Hindi]]: आर्य दिवाकर) is a [[Hindu]] association that built the biggest [[Hindu temple|mandir]] (Hindu temple) of [[Suriname]]. The temple attracts many visitors, both [[Hindus]] and non-Hindus, coming from [[Suriname]] and from all over the world. It is located in the city centre fields in [[Paramaribo]].

== Name ==
The temple was originally named Arya Dewaker. In 2022, the spelling of its name was corrected to Arya Diwaker. Arya Diwaker means 'Aryan Sun' in [[Hindi]].<ref name="OHM">OHM Suriname, [http://ohmsuriname.com/naamswijziging-arya-dewaker-niet-van-grote-betekenis-woensdag-27-juli-2022/ Naamswijziging Arya Dewaker niet van grote betekenis], 1 augustus 2022</ref>

== History ==
The temple was officially opened on 11 February 2001.<ref>Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 9, 30.</ref> Since Arya Diwaker is the most important section of the [[Arya Samaj in Suriname]] today, it is reasonable to regard this house of worship as the main temple of the 16,661 Hindus who are said to belong this Hindu reform movement inspired by Swami [[Dayananda Sarasvati]] (1823-1883).<ref>According to the census of 2012 Suriname counts 541,638 inhabitants; 120,623 of them are Hindus; and of these Hindus 16.661 belong to the Ārya Samāj (Algemeen Bureau voor de Statistiek – Suriname, ''Definitieve resultaten achtste algemene volkstelling'' (Vol. 1), p. 37 and 39.</ref>

Arya Diwaker was founded on 29 September 1929 on the initiative of Pandit Mehtā Jaimīnī, an Ārya Samājī who arrived from India at the time. On 5 February 1930 the association received formal recognition from the Dutch colonial government.<ref>Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 102.</ref>

In 1936 the association constructed its first ''mandir'', a temple, in which the members could convene and hold the ceremonies around a Vedic fire, which are characteristic for the [[Arya Samaj]]. However, it lasted until 1947 before the temple was officially inaugurated.<ref>Website ''Geheugen van Nederland'', http://www.geheugenvannederland.nl/?/nl/items/SURI01:H95_569PL23, accessed 30 April 2012.</ref> An Aryan temple, moreover, has no images.<ref>The memorial book published at the 50th anniversary of Arya Diwaker recounts that the first temple was built in 1948, but the memorial book published at the opening of the new ''mandir'' in 2001 reports that this house of worship was constructed already in 1936. See: Bestuur Arya Dewaker, ''50 Jaar Arya Dewaker in kort bestek, 1929-1979'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 1979, p. 20; Freek L. Bakker, ''Hindoes in een creoolse wereld'', Zoetermeer: Meinema 1999, p. 46-47; Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 8. </ref> Earlier they came together in classrooms which provisorily were arranged as temple halls. The house of worship constructed in 1936 was built according to the usual pattern of an Aryan temple.<ref>Bestuur Arya Dewaker, ''50 Jaar Arya Dewaker in kort bestek, 1929-1979'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 1979, p. 20.</ref> It was demolished in 1975 to make place for a new temple, but because of a radical change in the construction plans and financial problems due to the bad economic situation of Suriname in the 1980s and 1990s the erection of this building took around twenty years.<ref>Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 8-10, 30.</ref>

==Symbolism of the temple==
[[File:Paramaribo, Arya Dewaker Hindu Temple1.JPG|thumb|Side view of Arya Diwaker temple]]
The new house of worship completed in 2001 differs entirely from previous Aryan temples, as the Dutch architect Arthur E. de Groot devised in good coöperation with the members of the board and the building committee of Arya Diwaker an octagonal building of two floors. The ground floor includes various meeting rooms and a library and the upper floor is the space where the ceremonies are performed. The place for burning the fire is in the centre of the hall, whereas the benches are placed in circles surrounding the fireplace, which emphasizes that all people attending the fire ceremony are in principle equal.<ref>Hoofdbestuur Arya Dewaker, ''Gedenkboek ter gelegenheid van de opening van het Multi-functioneel Centrum en Hoofdmandir'', Paramaribo: Arya Dewaker 2001, p. 9; ''De Ware Tijd'', 21 October 2010.</ref> The building is octagonal, so it gives the impression that it is round, which reflects the circular form of the sun, the moon and the earth. The three towers refer to the three eternal units in our universal existence: the absolute God, human being and nature. The roofs of the two smaller towers and the tower on the big dome of the temple all have four floors, a number referring to the four [[Vedas]], the oldest scriptures of Hinduism. The building does not contain any image of a divinity, since the worship of images is forbidden in the Ārya Samāj. [[Swastika]]s, Om-syllables and Sanskrit and Hindi sentences in ''[[devanagari]]'' script are painted on the walls and the ceilings. Some of these texts have a ritual character, such as the [[Gayatri Mantra]], a holy formula derived from the Rig Veda (3,62,10), while other sentences are ethical exhortations derived, for example, from the [[Manusmrti]] (Mānava Dharmashāstra). The swastika stands for salvation and the Om-syllable refers to the absolute God, whereas a recitation of Vedic verses is considered to be very powerful.<ref>''De Ware Tijd'', 21 October 2010.</ref>

The architect wished to erect a 'tropical temple', in which the qualities of the buildings in Suriname with their large eaves and verandas and their white painted checkered windows can be recognized. At the same time, the architecture is clearly inspired by the forms and patterns of the era of the Moghuls in India and the time of the Moors in Spain. Some pillars could come directly from the Red Fort in Agra.

During the restoration of 2016-2018 the ceiling is covered with white synthetic plates, which makes the temple room much lighter. Unfortunately the southern fence including its mantras is removed to make space for a parking place for a nearby supermarket.

== Literature ==
Freek L. Bakker, ''The Arya Dewaker Mandir in Paramaribo: A Hindu Temple with a Message'', Electronic Paper Series in Hindu Studies 2, E-paper, World Heritage Press Inc., Québec 2015, https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/320839

== References ==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Arya Diwaker tempel}}
*[http://www.digitalewinkelstraatsuriname.com/english/sights/aryadewaker.html Digital video representation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073536/http://www.digitalewinkelstraatsuriname.com/english/sights/aryadewaker.html |date=2016-03-04 }}

{{Religious buildings in Suriname}}

[[Category:21st-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Suriname]]
[[Category:Arya Samaj]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures completed in 2001]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in Paramaribo]]

Gatha, Bhaderwah

2025-08-27T01:02:26Z

Leonpcs: Starting some stub w/ refs

{{short description|Village in Jammu and Kashmir}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Gatha
| other_name = Fish Pond Bhaderwah
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption=
| pushpin_map = India Jammu and Kashmir#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Jammu and Kashmir, India
| coordinates = {{coord|33.000835|75.702818|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = Union Territory
| subdivision_name1 = Jammu and Kashmir
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2= [[Doda district|Doda]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = Bhaderwah
| subdivision_type4 = Parliamentary Constituency
| subdivision_name4 = [[Udhampur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Udhampur]]
| government_type = Panchayat Raj
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2008
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Spoken
| demographics1_info1 = Kashmiri, Bhaderwahi and Urdu
| postal_code_type = PIN
| postal_code =
| website =
}}

'''Gatha''' (known for '''Fish Pond Bhaderwah''') is a village located in the [[Bhaderwah]] Tehsil in the [[Doda district]] of the Indian-administered union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

== Demographics ==
The Gatha village has a population of 2,008 according to the 2011 census.<ref name="census2011"/> The population of children aged 0-6 is 249, accounting for 12.40% of the total population. The village exhibits an average Sex Ratio of 851, which is slightly lower than the Jammu and Kashmir state average of 889. However, the Child Sex Ratio in Gatha is 872, higher than the Jammu and Kashmir state average of 862.<ref name="census2011">{{cite web | title=District Doda Handbook | website=Census 2011, Government of India |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/520/download/1728/DH_2011_0116_PART_A_DCHB_DODA.pdf | access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>

Gatha village boasts a higher literacy rate compared to the overall Jammu and Kashmir statistics. In 2011, the literacy rate of Gatha village was 70.04%, in contrast to the state average of 67.16%. Male literacy in Gatha stands at 77.84%, while female literacy rate was recorded at 60.84%.<ref name="census2011"/>

== Tourism ==
The Gatha Lake View Resorts, also known as a 'fish pond,' is a popular [[List of tourist attractions in Chenab Valley|tourist destination in Bhaderwah]] which is located in Gatha village.<ref>{{cite news | title=Tourists manhandled by employees of BDA | website=Early Times | date=22 June 2014 | url=https://www.earlytimes.in/newsdet.aspx?q=126920 | access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref> The Bhaderwah Development Authority (BDA) is responsible for the maintenance and development of the resort.<ref>{{cite news | author=Ranjit Thakur | title=Filthy toilets, stray dogs bane of Bhaderwah fishpond | website=[[The Tribune (India)]]| date=22 November 2016 | url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/features/filthy-toilets-stray-dogs-bane-of-bhaderwah-fishpond-326464 | access-date=28 October 2023}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bhaderwah]]
* [[Doda district]]
* [[Chenab Valley]]
* [[List of tourist attractions in Chenab Valley]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in Doda district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Jammu and Kashmir]]