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Acer Inc.

2026-06-01T17:00:20Z

LeonorColangelo: new new details

{{short description|Taiwanese multinational electronics corporation}}
{{About|the company|other uses|Acer (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Acer Inc.
| logo = Acer Group 2012.svg
| image = Acer Building in Oriental Science Park 20160305.jpg
| image_caption = Acer Building in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]]
| native_name = 宏碁股份有限公司
| native_name_lang = zh-hant
| former_name = Multitech Electronics Inc. (1976–1987)
| romanized_name = Hóngjí Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{TSE|2353}}
| ISIN = TW0002353000
| industry = [[Electronics industry|Electronics]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1976|08|01|df=yes}} in Taiwan
| founders = {{Unbulleted list
|[[Stan Shih]]
|Carolyn Yeh
|Lemuel Girma
}}
| hq_location_city = [[Xizhi District]], [[New Taipei]]
| hq_location_country = Taiwan
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
|Stan Shih ([[co-founder]] and [[honorary chairman]]) 
|George Huang ([[chairman]]) 
|[[Jason Chen (businessman)|Jason Chen]] ([[Chief executive officer|CEO]] and [[President (corporate title)|president]]) 
}}
| products = {{Hlist|[[Personal computer|PCs]]|[[smartphone]]s|[[Server (computing)|servers]]|[[Computer storage|storage]]|[[Handheld electronics|handhelds]]|[[Computer monitor|monitors]]|[[LED]]s|[[LCD]]s|[[Television set|televisions]]|[[Video projector]]s|[[e-business]]
}}
| brands = {{Hlist|[[Acer Predator]]|[[Altos Computer Systems|Altos]]}}
| revenue = {{Increase}} [[New Taiwan dollar|NT$]]277.1 billion<ref name="FY"/>
| revenue_year = 2020
| operating_income = {{Increase}} NT$8.9 billion<ref name="FY"/>
| income_year = 2020
| net_income = {{Increase}} NT$6.1 billion<ref name="FY"/>
| net_income_year = 2020
| assets = {{Increase}} NT$183.9 billion<ref name="FY"/>
| assets_year = 2020
| equity = {{Increase}} NT$61.9 billion<ref name="FY"/>
| equity_year = 2020
| owner =
| num_employees = 9,026<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.acer.com/sustainability/en/inclusive-workplace-and-society/attracting-and-developing-talent/staff-structure |title=Staff Structure |website=Acer |access-date=August 19, 2025 |archive-date=April 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401002412/https://www.acer-group.com/sustainability/en/staff-structure.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| num_employees_year = 2024 December
| parent =
| subsidiaries = {{Unbulleted list
|[[Gateway Inc.|Gateway]]
|[[Packard Bell]]
|[[eMachines]] (now-defunct)
|[[Escom (computer company)|Escom]] (now-defunct)
}}
| footnotes = <ref name="FY">{{cite web| url=https://static.acer.com/up/Resource/AcerGroup/Investor_Relations/Annual_Reports/20210525/2020_Acer_Annual_Report_EN.PDF|title=2020 Acer Annual Report|access-date=2022-02-02}}</ref><ref name="FG2000">{{cite news |url = https://www.forbes.com/companies/acer/ |title = Forbes Global 2000 #1131: Acer |date = April 2016 |publisher = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |access-date = 14 July 2016}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|www.acer-group.com}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| title = Acer Inc.
| t = {{linktext|宏|碁|股份|有限|公司}}
| p = Hóngjí Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
| poj = Hông-kî Kó͘-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si
| tl = Hông-kî Kóo-hūn Iú-hān Kong-si
| w = Hungchi Kufên Yuhsien Kungssǔ
| l = Hongji Corporation Ltd
}}

'''Acer Inc.''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|s|ər}}; {{respell|AY|sər}}) is a Taiwanese [[multinational company]] that produces [[computer hardware]] and [[electronics]], [[Headquarters|headquartered]] in [[Xizhi District]], [[New Taipei City]], Taiwan. Its products include [[Desktop computer|desktop PCs]], [[Laptop computer|laptop PCs]] ([[Clamshell laptop|clamshells]], [[2-in-1 laptop|2-in-1s]], [[Convertible laptop|convertibles]] and [[Chromebook]]s), [[tablet computer|tablets]], [[server (computing)|servers]], [[Storage device (computing)|storage devices]], [[virtual reality]] devices, [[Display device|displays]], [[smartphone]]s, [[Television set|televisions]] and [[peripheral]]s, as well as [[Gaming computer|gaming PCs]] and accessories under its [[Acer Predator|Predator]] [[brand]]. {{as of|2024|post=,}} Acer is the [[Market share of personal computer vendors|world's sixth-largest personal computer vendor]] by unit sales.<ref>{{cite web |date=January 11, 2024 |title=Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Increased 0.3% in Fourth Quarter of 2023 but Declined 14.8% for the Year |url=https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/01-10-2024-gartner-says-worldwide-pc-shipments-increased-zero-point-three-percent-in-fourth-quarter-of-2023-but-declined-fourteen-point-eight-percent-for-the-year |access-date=January 11, 2024 |publisher=[[Gartner]]}}</ref>

Founded in 1976 as '''Multitech Electronics Inc.''', in the early 2000s, Acer implemented a new business model, shifting from a manufacturer to a designer, marketer, and distributor of products, while performing production processes via contract manufacturers.<ref name="CentRes">[[Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations]], Bart Sleb, 2005</ref> Currently, in addition to its core IT products business, Acer also has a new business entity that focuses on the integration of cloud services and platforms, and the development of smartphones and wearable devices with value-added [[Internet of things|IoT]] applications.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160324005675/en/Acer-Separates-Core-Businesses-Accelerate-Corporate-Transformation|title=Acer Separates New and Core Businesses to Accelerate Corporate Transformation {{!}} Business Wire|website=businesswire.com|access-date=2016-12-19|date=24 March 2016}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Mpf-IPo.png|thumb|Micro-Professor MPF-I (1981)]]

Acer was founded as Multitech in 1976 by [[Stan Shih]] ({{lang-zh |t = 施振榮 |first = t}}), his wife Carolyn Yeh, and five others in [[Hsinchu City]], Taiwan. The company began with eleven employees and US$25,000 in capital. Initially, it was primarily a distributor of electronic parts and a consultant in the use of microprocessor technologies. It produced the [[Micro-Professor MPF-I]] training kit, then two Apple II clones–the [[Microprofessor II]] and [[Microprofessor III|III]]–before joining the emerging IBM PC compatible market and becoming a significant PC manufacturer. The company was renamed Acer in 1987.

In 1998, Acer reorganized into five groups: Acer International Service Group, Acer Sertek Service Group, Acer Semiconductor Group, Acer Information Products Group, and Acer Peripherals Group. To dispel complaints from clients that Acer competed with its own products and to alleviate the competitive nature of the branded sales versus contract manufacturing businesses, the company spun off the contract business in 2000, renaming it Wistron Corporation. The restructuring resulted in two primary units: brand name sales and contract manufacturing. In 2001, the company sold its manufacturing units [[BenQ]] and [[Wistron]] in order to focus resources on design and sales.

Acer increased worldwide sales while simultaneously reducing its labor force by identifying and using marketing strategies that best utilized its existing distribution channels. In January 2005 {{ill|Gianfranco Lanci|zh|蔣凡可·蘭奇}} became the president.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acer President and CEO Gianfranco Lanci resigns |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2279241/acer-president-and-ceo-gianfranco-lanci-resigns.html |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=InfoWorld |language=en-US}}</ref> By 2005, Acer employed 7,800 people worldwide<ref name="Gianfranco Tutti" />. Revenues rose from US$4.9 billion in 2003<ref name="Gianfranco Tutti">{{cite web |url= http://www.acer.co.in/press/New_President.pdf |title= Gianfranco Lanci is appointed President of Acer Inc., effective January 2005 |publisher=Acer |date= 1 September 2004 |access-date=27 April 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070403125915/http://www.acer.co.in/press/New_President.pdf |archive-date = 3 April 2007}}</ref> to US$11.31 billion in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sutori|url=https://www.sutori.com/story/company-aser-ict-2019--vrn9zSZSGp8HebHqMimmmvz1|access-date=2021-02-16|website=sutori.com|language=en}}</ref>

In the mid-2000s, consumer notebooks were almost the sole growth drivers for the PC industry, and Acer's exceptionally low overheads and dedication to the channel made it one of the main beneficiaries of this trend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hexus.net/business/news/corporate/29829-acer-boss-throws-towel/|title=Acer boss throws in the towel – Corporate – News – HEXUS.net|date=31 March 2011 |access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref> Acer grew quickly in Europe in part by embracing the use of more traditional distribution channels targeting retail consumers when some rivals were pursuing online sales and business customers. In 2007, Acer bought [[Gateway, Inc.|Gateway]] in the United States and [[Packard Bell]] in Europe, and became the third-largest provider of computers and the second largest for notebooks, achieving significant improvement in profitability. Acer has strived to become the world's largest PC vendor in the belief that the goal can help it achieve economy of scale and garner higher margin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_35793.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509093115/http://www.cens.com/cens/html/en/news/news_inner_35793.html|url-status=dead|title=Acer Should Overhaul Its Operation: Stan Shih | Taiwan Industry Updates|archive-date=9 May 2013|website=CENS.com}}</ref> However, such a reliance on the high-volume, low-value PC market made Acer exposed when buying habits changed.

In November 2013, chairman and CEO J.T. Wang and president Jim Wong both resigned due to the company's poor financial performance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Summers |first=Nick |date=2013-11-05 |title=Acer CEO and Chairman JT Wang Resigns |url=https://thenextweb.com/news/acer-ceo-jt-wang-resigns-will-replaced-company-president-jim-wong-january-1-2014 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=TNW {{!}} Insider |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Acer's financial woes force exit of CEO, president |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/acers-financial-woes-force-exit-of-ceo-president/ |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref> Wang had been reportedly due to leave Acer at the end of the year and was supposed to have been succeeded by Wong.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mishkin |first=Sarah |date=5 November 2013 |title=Acer chairman and CEO steps down |url=https://www.ft.com/content/866065f6-462d-11e3-b495-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> Acer co-founder [[Stan Shih]] took over as board chairman and interim president while the company searched for a new president.<ref name=":0" /> On 23 December 2013, Acer named [[Jason Chen (businessman)|Jason Chen]], then the vice president of worldwide sales and marketing at [[Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Acer names semiconductor veteran as new CEO |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/443121/acer-names-semiconductor-veteran-as-new-ceo.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=PCWorld |language=en}}</ref> as its new president and CEO, effective 1 January 2014.<ref>{{cite web |date=23 December 2013 |title=Acer names semiconductor veteran as new CEO |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2082860/acer-names-semiconductor-veteran-as-new-ceo.html |access-date=24 December 2013 |work=[[PC World]]}}</ref><ref name=":1" />

In September 2018, Acer spun-off its smart gadget unit GadgeTek Inc., which produces Leap Beads, smart [[prayer beads]] that track mantras and footsteps.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Sherri L. |date=11 June 2018 |title=Acer Leap Beads Bridges Gap Between Spirituality and Tech |url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/acer-leap-beads,news-27377.html |website=tomsguide.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=About GadgeTek Inc.|url=https://www.gti.tech/en/brand/gadgetek-inc/|access-date=23 October 2020|archive-date=2 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210202032614/https://www.gti.tech/en/brand/gadgetek-inc/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2019, Acer announced the [[esports]] social platform PLANET9,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acer Expands Closed Beta for Planet9, a Next-Gen Esports Platform - CTIMES News |url=https://en.ctimes.com.tw/DispNews.asp?O=HK3BM8X8GHISAA00N1#google_vignette |access-date=2024-08-16 |website=en.ctimes.com.tw |language=en}}</ref> which aims to provide game analytics, community-organized competitions, and social experiences.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Acer Expands Closed Beta for Planet9, a Next-Gen Esports Platform|url=https://news.acer.com/acer-expands-closed-beta-for-planet9-a-next-gen-esports-platform|access-date=2021-01-04|website=news.acer.com|date=22 November 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In October 2020, Acer held the next@acer global online launch event, during which it announced a new real-time translation feature for PLANET9 called SigridWave. This feature uses [[Automatic Speech Recognition]] (ASR) technology to transcribe spoken gamer input into text, and applies [[Neural machine translation|Neural Machine Translation]] (NMT) technology to translate the text in real time.

In May 2021, Acer joined the RE100 initiative organized by [[Climate Group]] and the [[Carbon Disclosure Project|Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP)]], committing to use 100 percent [[renewable energy]] across its global operations by 2035.

== Corporate affairs ==

=== Business trends ===
The key trends for Acer are (as of the financial year ending December 31):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acer Income Statement |url=https://www.wsj.com/market-data/quotes/TW/XTAI/2353/financials/annual/income-statement |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=WSJ}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!
!Revenue (TWD bn)
!Net profit (TWD bn)
!Employees<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acer's Employee Headcount |url=https://www.globaldata.com/data-insights/technology-media-and-telecom/acers-employee-headcount/ |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=globaldata.com}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|234
|2.6
|7,240
|-
|2020
|277
|6.0
|7,467
|-
|2021
|319
|10.8
|7,713
|-
|2022
|275
|5.0
|
|-
|2023
|241
|4.9
|7,813<ref>{{Cite web |title=Staff Employment |url=https://www.acer.com/sustainability/en/inclusive-workplace-and-society/attracting-and-developing-talent/staff-structure#:~:text=Staff%20Employment,spread%20across%2040%20countries%2Fterritories. |access-date=23 July 2024 |website=Acer}}</ref>
|}

==Acquisitions and joint ventures==
* In 1988, Acer acquired [[Counterpoint Computers]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lazzareschi |first=Carla |date=1989-12-12 |title=Taiwan Gains Foothold in U.S. Computer Field With Purchase of Wyse : Technology: The $262-million deal is Taiwan's largest in a growing string of U.S. acquisitions. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-12-fi-180-story.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In 1990, Acer acquired [[Altos Computer Systems|Altos Computer Corporation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1990-07-06 |title=Taiwan Firm to Acquire Altos Computer: Acer... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-07-06-fi-196-story.html |access-date=2024-07-27 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>
* In 1993, Acer acquired the PC division of [[Commodore International]].<ref>PC Dealer and Computer Reseller, Issue 795, 24 Nov. 1993</ref>
* In 1997, Acer acquired [[Texas Instruments]] notebook computer business.
* On 27 August 2007, Acer announced plans to acquire its US-based rival [[Gateway Inc.]] for US$710 million. Acer's former chairman, J.T. Wang, stated that the acquisition completed Acer's "global footprint, by strengthening [its] United States presence".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20458321|title=Taiwan's Acer to buy PC maker Gateway – World business |work=NBC News|date=27 August 2007|access-date=7 April 2009}}</ref> Included in this acquisition was the [[eMachines]] brand.
* In January 2008, Acer announced that it had acquired a controlling interest of 75% of [[Packard Bell]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/31/AR2008013101390.html |title=Acer Buys 75 Percent of Packard Bell making it the 2nd largest computer maker in the world |newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=7 April 2009 |date=31 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628212928/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/31/AR2008013101390.html |archive-date=28 June 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* In March 2008, Acer acquired Taiwanese electronics manufacturing company [[E-TEN]].
* In 2009, Acer acquired 29.9% of Italian computer system manufacturer [[Olidata]].
* In August 2010, Acer and [[Founder Technology]] signed a memorandum of mutual understanding to strengthen their long-term PC business cooperation.
* In July 2011, Acer bought iGware (formally BroadOn)<ref>{{Cite web|title=A lot of Nintendo source code design information leaked! Contains Wii host source code – ElectroDealPro|url=https://electrodealpro.com/a-lot-of-nintendo-source-code-design-information-leaked-contains-wii-host-source-code/|access-date=2020-07-30|language=en-US|archive-date=3 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003072021/https://electrodealpro.com/a-lot-of-nintendo-source-code-design-information-leaked-contains-wii-host-source-code/|url-status=dead}}</ref> for US$320 million. The aim is to create Acer Cloud to enter cloud computing market.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/international-news/acer-to-buy-cloud-computing-firm-igware/article2104667/|title=Acer to buy cloud computing firm iGware|access-date=29 June 2016}}</ref> iGware had developed cloud software and infrastructure tools for devices. It had also notably partnered with [[Nintendo]] on several projects.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Reisinger|first=Don|title=Acer to acquire cloud-service provider iGware|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/acer-to-acquire-cloud-service-provider-igware/|access-date=2020-07-30|website=CNET|language=en}}</ref>
* In September 2015, Acer acquired GPS cycling computer brand [[Xplova]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aeco/201509020041.aspx|title=Acer acquires GPS firm Xplova {{!}} Economics {{!}} FOCUS TAIWAN - CNA ENGLISH NEWS|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref>
* In September 2015, Acer invested in robotics start-up company [[Cynthia Breazeal|Jibo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2015/09/05/2003626946|title=Acer invests in robotics start-up company Jibo – Taipei Times|website=www.taipeitimes.com|date=5 September 2015 |access-date=2016-12-29}}</ref>
* In March 2016, Acer made an equity investment in [[GrandPad]], a provider of technology solutions specifically designed for senior citizens.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/grandpad_and_acer_announce_strategic_partnership/prweb13266046.htm|title=grandPad® and Acer Announce Strategic Partnership|newspaper=PRWeb|access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref>
* In June 2016, Acer's board of directors approved the establishment of a joint venture with [[Starbreeze Studios|Starbreeze]] to design, manufacture, promote, market and sell StarVR Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.starbreeze.com/2016/06/acer-starbreeze-boards-approve-definitive-agreement-form-joint-venture-starvr/|title=Acer and Starbreeze Boards Approve Definitive Agreement to form Joint Venture for StarVR – Starbreeze|date=2016-06-25|newspaper=Starbreeze|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-12-28|archive-date=24 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724225743/https://www.starbreeze.com/2016/06/acer-starbreeze-boards-approve-definitive-agreement-form-joint-venture-starvr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In 2016, Acer acquired wireless pet camera maker Pawbo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2016/08/31/acer-reveals-pawbo-pet-accessories/|title=Acer reveals 'Pawbo' pet accessories|website=Engadget|date=31 August 2016 |access-date=2016-12-28}}</ref>
* In 2017, Acer became the largest corporate shareholder of [[AOPEN]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aopen.com/us/aopen%C2%AE-acer%C2%AE-gear-up-to-expand-global-footprint|title=AOPEN® & ACER® Gear Up to Expand Global Footprint|website=www.aopen.com|access-date=2018-01-04|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726143401/https://www.aopen.com/us/aopen%C2%AE-acer%C2%AE-gear-up-to-expand-global-footprint|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* In October 2017, Acer purchased a 66.7% majority stake in StarVR from Starbreeze.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-10-24-starbreeze-cedes-majority-control-of-starvr-to-acer |title=Starbreeze cedes majority control of StarVR to Acer |work=GamesIndustry.biz |access-date=June 1, 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106171938/https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-10-24-starbreeze-cedes-majority-control-of-starvr-to-acer |archive-date=November 6, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2019, Acer and [[Ubisoft]] teamed up for the [[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege|Rainbow Six]] Pro League and other major [[esports]] events with the [[Acer Predator|Predator]] brand as the PC and monitor sponsor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Acer annual report 2021 |url=https://static.acer.com/up/Resource/AcerGroup/Investor_Relations/Annual_Reports/20220523/2021_Acer_Annual_Report_en.pdf}}</ref>
* In 2025, Acer acquired all Posiflex Technology's preferred shares, which translates to approximately 29% of Posiflex's total common and preferred shares issued. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chung |first=Steven |date=2025-02-21 |title=Acer to Acquire All of Posiflex Technology, Inc.’s Preferred Shares |url=https://news.acer.com/acer-to-acquire-all-of-posiflex-technology-incs-preferred-shares |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=Acer |language=en}}</ref> Acer's Chief Strategy Officer, Kuo Jian-Cheng, assumed the role of Chairman for [[Posiflex]] following the company's acquisition of a major stake. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Taipei |first=Ninelu Tu |date=2025-06-16 |title=Acer chief strategy officer becomes chair of IPC maker Posiflex |url=https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20250616PD208/acer-posiflex-ipc-chairman-business.html |access-date=2026-05-27 |website=DIGITIMES |language=en}}</ref>

==Operations==
As of September 2022, Acer has over 7,713 employees worldwide, operating in 40 countries/territories.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACER CSR |url=https://www.acer-group.com/sustainability/en/staff-structure.html#staff-structure |access-date=25 September 2022 |website=acer-group.com |archive-date=1 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401002412/https://www.acer-group.com/sustainability/en/staff-structure.html#staff-structure |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Australia===
Acer Computer Australia (ACA) was established in 1990, and is currently Australia's third-largest personal computer vendor, behind Hewlett-Packard Australia and [[Dell]] Australia and [[New Zealand]]. ACA has Australia's highest overall market share in notebook PC and tablet PC sales. The company is also Australia's leading PC vendor in the government and education markets. {{As of|2006|post=,}} it has over 480 employees.

The company repairs, assembles and manufacturers laptops and desktops in Sydney.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/wellschooled-acer-focuses-on-local-cred/news-story/e0c0c62dd0ef61a2e1bbf7d3bd0bce07?nk=1a859b584bc0141d5f336567f08339ab-1528800655 |title=Nocookies |date=12 June 2018 |publisher=The Australian |access-date=2018-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crn.com.au/gallery/inside-acers-australian-computer-facility-301338/page3|title=Inside Acer's Australian computer facility|website=CRN Australia|access-date=13 June 2018|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115011827/https://www.crn.com.au/gallery/inside-acers-australian-computer-facility-301338/page3|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Europe===
Acer's EMEA headquarters are located in [[Lugano]], [[Switzerland]]. From the late 1990s to mid-2000s, Acer had computer factories in Europe. The business area was the whole [[Europe, the Middle East and Africa|EMEA]]. In the [[Netherlands]] under the name of Acer IMS bv, there were two factories: Acer laptop factory in [[Den Bosch]] and Acer and [[IBM]] desktop factory in [[Tilburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duitse PC-productie Acer naar Tilburg |url=https://www.computable.nl/artikel/nieuws/ict-branche/133960/250449/duitse-pc-productie-acer-naar-tilburg.html |access-date=2023-12-08 |website=www.computable.nl |date=26 January 2000 |language=NL}}</ref><ref>Article in Dutch about the factory in Tilburg {{cite web|url=http://www.computable.nl/artikel/achtergrond/kanaal/1302793/1277452/acer-centraliseert-productie-in-tilburg.html |title=Acer centraliseert productie in Tilburg | Kanaal | Computable |access-date=2013-11-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110213022/http://www.computable.nl/artikel/achtergrond/kanaal/1302793/1277452/acer-centraliseert-productie-in-tilburg.html |archive-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Acer also had facilities in [[Germany]] under the name of IMS in [[Ahrensburg]] and [[Hamburg]]. Acer computers are also assembled in [[Mingachevir]], [[Azerbaijan]].

===India===
Acer's subsidiary in India was incorporated in 1999. It is a notable vendor in key segments such as education, desktop computers, and low profile notebooks for education. The head office is in [[Bengaluru]], Karnataka. India rose to become Acer's second-largest worldwide market in 2023. In an effort to diversify from the computer hardware market, a new firm called AcerPure was established to sell home appliances in India.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mallick |first=Subhrojit |date=2024-02-26 |title=Acer to make home appliances in India, export too: MD Harish Kohli |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/electronics/acer-to-make-home-appliances-in-india-export-too-md-harish-kohli/articleshow/107991107.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

===Indonesia===
Acer Indonesia is a wholly owned subsidiary of Acer and distributes its products through its main distributor [[Dragon Computer & Communication]]. Acer is currently the second-largest computer vendor in Indonesia. In the first quarter of 2016, Acer recorded >81% market share in Windows tablet in Indonesia.

===North America===
[[File:Acer-America-Offices.jpg|thumb|Acer America Headquarters in [[San Jose, California|San Jose]]]]

Acer America Corporation, headquartered in [[San Jose, California]], is a member of the Acer Group. Acer's R&D, engineering, manufacturing, and marketing operations in the United States and Canada are handled by Acer America. The U.S. headquarters was opened with a staff of three in 1985, as Multitech Electronics USA, in [[Mountain View, California]]. In 1986, the U.S. headquarters were moved to San Jose, California.

==Notable product lines==
[[File:Acer Aspire Switch 12 S.png|thumb|An Acer Aspire laptop]]
* [[Acer Extensa]] series – Business-oriented laptops
* [[Acer Iconia]] – A series of [[tablet computer]]s
* [[Acer Aspire]] – Budget to entry level personal-use computer and laptops aimed for casual household use
* [[Acer TravelMate]] – Lightweight business-oriented laptops
*Acer Nitro – Acer's entry to mid-end gaming-oriented laptops and [[handheld PC]]
* [[Acer Predator]] – Acer's mid to high-end gaming laptops and desktops
* [[Acer Aspire One]] – Acer's mid to high-end personal-use laptop
* [[Acer Swift]] – A series of mid to high-end ultra-portable notebooks
* Acer Spin – A series of budget to mid-end two-in-one laptops
* Acer ConceptD – Desktop and laptops designed for [[studio]]s and [[Rendering (computer graphics)|rendering]]
*[[Acer Veriton]] – A high-end business-oriented desktop
*Acer Enduro – Acer's series of rugged laptops
*Acer Enduro Urban – Lightweight semi-rugged laptops.
*Acer Vero – Eco-friendly laptops.

==Brands==
* Aazar
* [[eMachines]]
*ProPack
* [[Gateway, Inc.|Gateway]]
* [[Packard Bell]]
*Pawbo
* [[Acer Predator|Predator]]
*Xplova
*[[Acer Nitro|Nitro]]
*AcerPure

== Logos ==
<gallery>
File:Acer Inc. logo from 1987-2001.svg|1987-2001
File:Acer Logo.svg|2001-2011
File:Acer 2011.svg|2011-present
File:Acer Group 2012.svg|2012-present (corporate)
</gallery>

== Corporate social responsibility ==
{{see also|Corporate social responsibility}}
In 2005, Acer published its first environmental report, for which the company used the [[Global Reporting Initiative]] (GRI) guidelines. All of Acer's tier-one suppliers have acquired [[ISO 14001]] certification.<ref>ISO 14001 was released in 1996 with the intent that companies manage all of the activities, products, and services that can significantly impact the environment</ref>

In November 2012, Acer was ranked 4th place out of 15 in [[Greenpeace]]'s re-launched Guide to Greener Electronics, with a score of 5.1 points out of 10. The Guide ranks electronics makers according to their policies and practices to reduce their impact on the climate, produce greener products, and make their operations more sustainable.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics">{{cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/ |title=Guide to Greener Electronics – Greenpeace International|access-date=16 November 2011}}</ref>

Greenpeace criticized the company for not setting out targets to reduce [[greenhouse gas]] (GHG) emissions as intended in 2010 and for not providing external verification for the GHG emissions it reports for its operations and business travel. It also scored badly on the products criteria receiving no points on product lifecycle while Greenpeace noted that a higher percentage of its products need to meet or exceed [[Energy Star]] standards in order for it to score more points.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics"/>

It received some praise for launching new products which are free from [[Polyvinyl chloride]] plastic (PVC) and [[brominated flame retardant]]s (BFRs) and the company informed Greenpeace that the majority of its products will be PVC/BFR free in the near future. Acer also scored well on chemical management for lobbying for restrictions on organo-halogens and was commended for reporting on GHG emissions from its first-tier suppliers and investigating its second tier.<ref name="Guide to Greener Electronics"/>

In its 2012 report on progress relating to [[conflict minerals]], the [[Enough Project]] rated Acer the seventh highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.<ref name='EnoughProject2012'>{{cite web |url= http://www.enoughproject.org/files/CorporateRankings2012.pdf |title= Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012 |access-date= 2012-08-17 |last= Lezhnev |first= Sasha |author2= Alex Hellmuth |date= Aug 2012 |publisher= [[Enough Project]]}}</ref>

Acer has been listed on the [[Dow Jones Sustainability Indices|DJSI]]'s Emerging Markets Index since 2014 and on [[MSCI]]'s Global Sustainability Indexes in 2015–2016.<ref name= 'Acer Listed on Global Sustainability Indices: 2016 DJSI and MSCI'>{{cite web |url= https://news.acer.com/acer-listed-on-global-sustainability-indices-2016-djsi-and-msci |title= Acer Listed on Global Sustainability Indices: 2016 DJSI and MSCI |access-date= 22 February 2021 |date= Nov 2016}}</ref>

==Sponsorships==
* Acer sponsored the [[British American Racing|BAR]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] [[Formula One]] racing team in the year {{F1|2000}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sport and technology: the true spirit of excellence|url=http://www.acer-group.com/public/News/2007/20071206-01.htm|website=www.acer-group.com|publisher=Acer Inc.|access-date=3 June 2014|date=6 December 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110004153/http://www.acer-group.com/public/News/2007/20071206-01.htm|archive-date=10 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> In {{F1|2001}}, Acer provided sponsorship to the [[Prost Grand Prix]] Formula One team, and the team's [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] engines were badged as Acers.
* Acer sponsored the Ferrari Formula 1 team from 2003 up to 2012 (Official Supplier since 2006) and its Top Sponsor of FC Internazionale – Milano (Inter Milan) Football Club. From 2007 to 2009 Acer has been Official Supplier of [[FC Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://global.acer.com/about/news.asp?id=6745|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219200301/http://global.acer.com/about/news.asp?id=6745|url-status=dead|title=About Acer – News Release|archive-date=19 February 2007}}</ref> On 19 March 2007, Acer announced it would sponsor the Factory Fiat Yamaha Team for the 2007 [[MotoGP]] World Championship season. Since 2009, Packard Bell (part of Acer Group) has been the sponsor of the Yamaha Factory Racing Team.<ref>{{cite web|title=Packard Bell sponsor of Yamaha Factory Racing Team Changeover of sponsorship from Acer|url=http://www.acer-group.com/public/News/2009/20090202.htm|website=www.acer-group.com|publisher=Acer Inc.|access-date=3 June 2014|date=2 February 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109182958/http://www.acer-group.com/public/News/2009/20090202.htm|archive-date=9 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Acer was the worldwide TOP Partners for both the Vancouver 2010 Olympic Winter Games and Singapore Youth Olympic Games. Acer was TOP Partner of the London [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lee|first=Sheena|date=2007-12-06|title=Taiwan's Acer to become Olympic sponsor|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/acer-olympics-idUKTP16724220071206|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012235048/https://uk.reuters.com/article/acer-olympics-idUKTP16724220071206|url-status=dead|archive-date=12 October 2020|access-date=2020-10-05}}</ref>
*On 18 June 2019, Acer Predator sponsored [[Ubisoft]] ''[[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege]] Pro League Season X'', becoming the official PC Monitor of Rainbow Six Pro League and Majors.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.acer.com/ubisoft-kicks-off-a-revamped-tom-clancys-rainbow-six-pro-league-season-x-with-all-new-acer-predator-sponsorship|title=Ubisoft Kicks off a Revamped Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Pro League Season X With All-New Acer Predator Sponsorship|access-date=2 February 2021|date=18 June 2019}}</ref>
==Awards==
In October 2024, Acer Poland received the [[Kotler Awards Poland]] in the ''Small Company'' category (up to 50 employees) and in the ''Consumer Brand'' category; the awards were announced during the European Forum for New Ideas (EFNI) in Sopot.<ref name="EFNI2024">{{Cite web |url=https://efni.pl/2024/10/17/jak-budowac-polskie-marki-ktore-podbija-swiat/ |title=Jak budować polskie marki, które podbiją świat? |website=EFNI |date=2024-10-17 |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="TVN242024">{{Cite web |url=https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/nagroda-kotlera-dla-fundacji-tvn-za-kampanie-podaruj-misia-st8142690 |title=Nagroda Kotlera dla Fundacji TVN za kampanię "Podaruj Misia" |website=TVN24 Biznes |date=2024-10-19 |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="BI2024">{{Cite web |url=https://businessinsider.com.pl/wiadomosci/pierwszy-raz-w-europie-przyznano-nagrody-prof-philipa-kotlera/zm1f9cw |title=Pierwszy raz w Europie przyznano nagrody prof. Philipa Kotlera |website=Business Insider Polska |date=2024-10-17 |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}</ref><ref name="MagPomorskiKotler">{{Cite web |url=https://www.magazynpomorski.eu/pl/kotler-awards-po-raz-pierwszy-w-europie-honorowa-nagroda-kotler-presidential-dla-prezydenta-lecha-walesy |title=Kotler Awards po raz pierwszy w Europie. Honorowa nagroda Kotler Presidential dla prezydenta Lecha Wałęsy |website=Magazyn Pomorski |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}</ref>

==Controversy==
During the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], Acer refused to join the international community and withdraw from the Russian market. Research from [[Yale University]] from 28 March 2022, identifying how companies were reacting to Russia's aggression, identified Acer in the worst category "Digging in", meaning Defying Demands for Exit: companies defying demands for exit/reduction of activities.<ref>{{cite web|author= |title= Over 450 Companies Have Withdrawn from Russia—But Some Remain |website= [[Yale School of Management]] |url=https://som.yale.edu/story/2022/over-450-companies-have-withdrawn-russia-some-remain |access-date= 28 March 2022}}</ref> Acer subsequently reversed its decision and suspended business in Russia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Snider |first=Shane |date=2022-04-08 |title=Taiwan PC Maker Acer Suspends Russia Business |url=https://www.crn.com/news/mobility/taiwan-pc-maker-acer-suspends-russia-business |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=CRN |language=en}}</ref> Despite stating that it would suspend business in Russia, a [[Reuters]] investigation of customs data found that Acer supplied at least $70.4 million worth of computer hardware to Russia between 8 April 2022 and 31 March 2023 through Acer's wholly owned [[Switzerland|Swiss]]-registered subsidiary. Since the shipments occurred outside Taiwan, they did not violate Taiwanese sanctions against Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/taiwans-acer-ships-computer-hardware-russia-after-saying-it-would-suspend-2023-06-08/|title=Exclusive: Taiwan's Acer ships computer hardware to Russia after saying it would suspend business|first1=Filipp|last1=Lebedev|first2=Gleb|last2=Stolyarov|work=Reuters|date=2023-06-29|access-date=July 28, 2023}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Taiwan|Companies|California|Technology}}
{{Commons category}}
* [[Acer Chromebook Tab 10]]
* [[Acer Value Line]]
* [[ASUS]], a rival [[Taiwan]]-based company started in 1989 by former Acer engineers
* [[E-TEN]]
* [[eMachines]], Acer subsidiary, 2007–2013
* [[Packard Bell]], Acer subsidiary, 2007–2015
* [[Gateway Inc.]], Acer subsidiary since 2007
* [[BenQ]], formerly Acer CM
* [[AOpen]]
* [[List of companies of Taiwan]]
* [[Microprofessor I]], Acer's first product
* [[List of computer system manufacturers]]
* [[ALi]], formerly Acer Laboratories Incorporated
* [[Wistron]], formerly the manufacturing arm of Acer

==References==
{{reflist}}

===Sources===
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.wirtualnemedia.pl/miedzynarodowa-nagroda-dla-najlepszych-firm-po-raz-pierwszy-w-polsce%2C7169334412195457a |title=Międzynarodowa nagroda dla najlepszych firm po raz pierwszy w Polsce |website=Wirtualne Media |date=2024-06-24 |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://pap-mediaroom.pl/biznes-i-finanse/nagroda-prof-philipa-kotlera-kotler-awards-2024-po-raz-pierwszy-w-europie |title=Nagroda prof. Philipa Kotlera. Kotler Awards 2024 - po raz pierwszy w Europie. Międzynarodowa nagroda dla najlepszych firm |website=PAP MediaRoom |date=2024-07-10 |access-date=2025-12-28 |language=pl}}

==External links==


* {{Official website}}

{{Acer Inc.}}
{{Electronics industry in Taiwan}}
{{Open Handset Alliance Members}}
{{Major computer hardware companies}}
{{Major mobile device companies}}
{{Authority control|state=expanded}}

[[Category:Acer Inc.| ]]
[[Category:1976 establishments in Taiwan]]
[[Category:1996 initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Taipei]]
[[Category:Computer companies of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Computer companies established in 1976]]
[[Category:Computer hardware companies]]
[[Category:Computer systems companies]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies in the Taiwan Capitalization Weighted Stock Index]]
[[Category:Consumer electronics brands]]
[[Category:Display technology companies]]
[[Category:Electronics companies of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Formula One engine manufacturers]]
[[Category:Mobile phone manufacturers]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Netbook manufacturers]]
[[Category:Portable audio player manufacturers]]
[[Category:Taiwanese brands]]
[[Category:Graphics hardware companies]]

Geethaanjali

2026-05-05T12:43:22Z

LeonorColangelo: creating a bio w/ refs - done

{{short description|2013 film directed by Priyadarshan}}
{{About|the Malayalam film||Geetanjali (disambiguation)}}

{{EngvarB|date=January 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Geethaanjali
| image = Geethaanjali.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Priyadarshan]]
| producer = [[G.P. Vijayakumar]]
| screenplay = Abhilash Nair
{{Infobox | decat = yes | child = yes
| label1= Dialogues by
| data1 = [[Dennis Joseph]]
}}
| starring = {{plainlist|
*[[Mohanlal]]
*[[Keerthy Suresh]]
*[[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]]
}}
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cinematography = [[Tirru]]
| editing = [[T. S. Suresh]]
| studio = Seven Arts International
| distributor = Seven Arts Release
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2013|11|14}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Geethaanjali''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[horror film]] directed by [[Priyadarshan]] and written by Abhilash Nair, with dialogue by [[Dennis Joseph]]. It is a [[Spin-off (media)|spin-off]] of the 1993 film ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' and an official remake of the 2007 [[Cinema of Thailand|Thai]] film ''[[Alone (2007 film)|Alone]]''. [[Mohanlal]] reprises his role from the original. The film also features [[Keerthy Suresh]] as the dual title characters, [[Nishan (actor)|Nishan]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], Swapna Menon, [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], and [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]]. In the film, psychologist Dr. Sunny Joseph arrives at a mansion to treat Anjali, who is haunted by her deceased twin sister Geetha, and investigates the paranormal activities.

The film was originally planned to be shot in [[3D film|3D]] and [[Auro-3D]] formats but this was abandoned because the technology was time-consuming and only a few theatres in [[Kerala]] were equipped with [[Auro 11.1|Auro]] sound equipment at that time. [[Principal photography]] commenced on 6 July 2013 at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] and was completed in September. Most of the filming took place at the [[Chitranjali Studio]] and in and around Thiruvananthapuram. The [[cinematographer]] was [[Tirru]] and editing was done by [[T. S. Suresh]]. The film marks debut adult role of Keerthy.

''Geethaanjali'' was released worldwide on 14 November 2013. The film being an official remake of ''Alone'' was undisclosed before release, and as a result, it was criticised as an imitation of ''Alone'' and its source material, the novel ''[[Elephants Can Remember]]'' and other Indian films adapted from the film or novel. Mohanlal's performance, the cinematography and the graphics received praise. The film's storyline inspired an unofficial adaptation in ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa 2]]'' (2022), a standalone sequel to ''[[Bhool Bhulaiyaa]]'' (2007), which in turn was a remake of ''Manichitrathazhu''.

==Plot==
It is believed that Anjali's twin sister Geetha has committed suicide. Anjali is betrothed to Anoop, a member of a prominent family who works in Mumbai. When her mother falls from a terrace and is bedridden [[paralysis|paralysed]], Anjali and Anoop go to her house in [[Arackal]], Kerala. Once there, Geetha's spirit begins to haunt Anjali, which disturbs her a lot. Within days, a series of horrifying incidents occur. Anoop contacts Nakulan; in order to reach Dr. Sunny Joseph. Sunny eventually arrives from [[Machu Picchu]] to treat Anjali and to help her out of her crisis.

Since everyone believes the house to be haunted, the family buys a new house. The future owner of the house Vasu claims that he had seen Geetha in a car and wrote down the number on a file. He says that he could give it to them the next day, but he gets a phone call from Geetha's spirit asking him to meet her in the church next morning. He goes there and calls Sunny for help, but gets killed before Sunny could help him. Sunny then spots a car driving out of the church and follows it, but the killer already got out of the car before Sunny could spot him. Anjali tells Sunny that Geetha had committed suicide after she learned that Anjali and Anoop loved each other. Sunny then seeks help from Kadalikkattu Thirumeni who too discovered that Anjali was possessed by Geetha's ghost.

Gruesome events follow, including the death of Thambichayan, a caretaker at Arakal. Sunny tells everyone that the ghost haunting Anjali is just a psychological effect and not real. For some reason, he tries to postpone the marriage, but in vain. Anoop assumes that Sunny is trying to separate Anjali from him, and thus Anoop drives Sunny out of the house. It is then that he sees the death of Thambichayan who was caught in a fire from a cottage. On their engagement day, Sunny grabs Anoop and shoves him into his car. He drives to a small graveyard and tells Anoop that Anjali is actually Geetha, who has criminal intentions.

In a flashback, it is revealed that Anjali and Anoop fall in love with each other, but Geetha misunderstands that Anoop loved her and she loves him back. Geetha became angry that Anoop is going to marry Anjali and not her, and decided to take revenge on Anjali. Sunny then shows Anjali's grave to Anoop and tells him the whole truth about her. The feeling of guilt in her mind led her to see Anjali wherever she goes, and all the horrible incidents that happened were just illusions seen by Geetha. Vasu was actually killed by Thambi, the only person who knew the truth, apart from Geetha and her mother. It is also shown that it was Geetha who accidentally shoved her mother off the terrace, when she was told that Anjali's spirit was in the house. Thambi is later killed by Geetha so that there is no way anyone could unravel the truth. Sunny, still unsure, tried to postpone their marriage until he had collected enough evidence to reveal the truth.

Hearing this, Anoop storms into the house and accused Geetha of taking Anjali's name. Geetha tries to kill Anoop when he says that he does not want her anymore. She finally revealed that it was she who killed Anjali during the argument in the beach (while she conveniently concocted a different version when Sunny had earlier asked about the beach incident). Anoop almost gets paralyzed by Geetha and is about to be killed. Sunny breaks into the house and rescues Anoop, but she takes a gun and tries to aim at them but as the gun was not loaded, it didn't fire. An image of Anjali's spirit appears in Geetha's mind (on a mirror) and prevents her from shooting Anoop. Geetha is killed by a fire in the house, and Anjali's "spirit" watches over Geetha while she is dying. Later, Geetha's grave is built alongside Anjali's, and Anoop, his family, and Thankappan thank Sunny for helping them.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mohanlal]] as Dr. Sunny Joseph, a psychiatrist
* [[Keerthy Suresh]] in a dual role as
** Geetha Jacob
*** Safa Haneefa as young Geetha
** Anjali Jacob
*** Marwa Haneefa as young Anjali
* [[Nishan K. P. Nanaiah|Nishan]] as Anoop, Geetha's and Anjali's love interest
* [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Babychayan
* [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as Thankappan
* [[Seema (actress)|Seema]] as Anamma
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Kathalikaattu Thirumeni (voiceover by [[Shobi Thilakan]])
* [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]] as Thampichayan
* [[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]] as Vasu
* [[Harisree Ashokan]] as Exorcist Kochu Kuttadan
* Swapna Menon as Mary
* [[Mahesh (Malayalam actor)|Mahesh Padmanabhan]] as Koshy
* Sunil Kumar as Roy
* Ajayan as Johny
* Maya Vishwanath as Moly
* [[Ambika Mohan]] as Gracie
* [[Pradeep (Malayalam actor)|Pradeep Chandran]] as Doctor
* Arun Benny as Keshavan, a servant
* Soniya Malhaar as Bindu, a servant
* Daniel Moorehead as Englishman
* [[Suresh Gopi]] as Nakulan ([[cameo appearance]])
{{colend}}

==Production==
=== Development ===
{{quote box
| align = right
| width = 30%
| quote = "This is not a story-based movie, 'Geethanjali' is more of a suspense-packed psychological thriller. Basically, it's about a girl who is supposed to be dead years back, but her body is yet to be found. Suddenly she starts appearing in the house and what follows is an endless string of dreadful incidents. The situation worsens when the [[Mumbai]]-returned Anjali, Keerthi's character in the film, lands there".
| source = — Priyadarshan, about the subject.<ref name=story/>
}}

[[Priyadarshan]] had earlier worked as a second-unit director, along with [[Siddique (director)|Siddique]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], and [[Sibi Malayil]], on ''[[Manichitrathazhu]]'' (1993), which was directed by his friend [[Fazil (director)|Fazil]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Naman Ramachandran|title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography|date=15 January 2014|publisher=Penguin UK|isbn=978-8184757965|edition=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mzyPGSfwKMC&q=manichitrathazhu+siddique+lal+sibi+malayil&pg=PT237}}</ref> Priyadarsan said [[Mohanlal]] wanted to revive Sunny and was looking for a suitable subject and storyline.<ref>{{cite news|author=Saraswathy Nagarajan|title=Reel adventures|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/reel-adventures/article4981792.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130906130430/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/reel-adventures/article4981792.ece|archive-date=6 September 2013|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=2 August 2013|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> He said, "I had been telling [Priyadarshan] that he should revive Sunny as I felt that he was a character with immense potential for a new film; someone who can fit into any background or period. In this movie, Sunny reappears, a little older, but no less wacky than in his previous outing."<ref>{{cite news|author1=Saraswathy Nagarajan|title=Language, no barrier|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/language-no-barrier/article5000627.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130926091732/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/language-no-barrier/article5000627.ece|archive-date=26 September 2013|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 August 2013}}</ref> The film is not an official sequel to ''Manichitrathazhu'', but Mohanlal portrays the psychiatrist Dr. Sunny Joseph, the character he acted in ''Manichitrathazhu''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Geethanjali-is-not-a-sequel-Priyadarshan/articleshow/20460696.cms | title=Geethanjali is not a sequel: Priyadarshan | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151115134330/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Geethanjali-is-not-a-sequel-Priyadarshan/articleshow/20460696.cms | archive-date= 15 November 2015 | author= TNN | agency=[[The Times of India]] | date=6 June 2013 | access-date=29 June 2013}}</ref>

About the genre, Priyadarshan described: "It is more of a [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]] and a [[whodunit]]. To maintain the feel of the theme, there is no [[Slapstick film|slapstick comedy]] or forced attempts at humor. At the same time, I have infused humour into some of the scenes to ease the tension".<ref name=genre>{{cite news|author=Saraswathy Nagarajan|title=Ghostbuster returns|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ghostbuster-returns/article5352038.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140830163420/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/ghostbuster-returns/article5352038.ece|archive-date=30 August 2014|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 November 2013}}</ref> According to the director, ''Geethanjali'' is a psychological thriller set in a supposedly-haunted bungalow. Since the story has a Christian backdrop, he engaged screenwriter [[Dennis Joseph]] to help with the dialogue. [[Shobana]], who played Ganga in ''Manichitrathazhu'' was to make a guest appearance to introduce Dr. Sunny as the psychiatrist who cured her.<ref name=hindu>{{cite news |author=Saraswathy Nagarajan |title=Return of Dr. Sunny |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/return-of-dr-sunny/article4977410.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130803190726/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/return-of-dr-sunny/article4977410.ece |archive-date=3 August 2013 |access-date=14 November 2015 |agency=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 August 2013 |location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> However, that plan did not work out.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Gayathry |title=Shobana out from Geetanjali? |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/shobana-out-from-geetanjali-113647.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161005120336/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/shobana-out-from-geetanjali-113647.html |archive-date=5 October 2016 |publisher=Filmibeat.com |date=5 July 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=5 October 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref> ''Geethaanjali'' was an official remake of the 2007 [[Cinema of Thailand|Thai]] film ''[[Alone (2007 film)|Alone]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=കുര്യാക്കോസ്|first=റെഞ്ചി|title=എന്നും പ്രിയം, എപ്പോഴും ഒപ്പം|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/exclusives/priyadarshan-exclusive-chat-new-projects.html|access-date=17 August 2019|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=29 November 2016|language=ml}}</ref>

=== Casting ===
[[Mohanlal]] reprised the role of Dr. Sunny Joseph, the protagonist in ''Manichithrathazhu''.<ref>{{cite news|author1=IBN LIVE|title=Mohanlal's 'Geethanjali' to be released in November|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/mohanlals-geethanjali-to-be-released-in-november-644816.html|access-date=16 November 2013|agency=[[IBN Live]]|date=13 October 2013}}</ref> The production team were looking for a heroine; they shortlisted a few people from the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]], [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]], Malayalam, and [[Bollywood|Hindi]] film industries during pre-production in June 2012.<ref name=preproduction>{{cite news|author1=Sanjith Sidhardhan|title=Mohanlal, Priyadarshan team up for Gitanjali|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mohanlal-Priyadarshan-team-up-for-Gitanjali/articleshow/20381459.cms|access-date=14 November 2013|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 June 2013}}</ref> [[Keerthy Suresh]], daughter of veteran actress [[Menaka (actress)|Menaka]] and producer Suresh Kumar was selected for her debut lead role; she has earlier appeared as a child artiste in films ''[[Pilots (film)|Pilots]]'' (2000), ''[[Achaneyanenikkishtam]]'' (2001), and ''[[Kuberan (2002 film)|Kuberan]]'' (2002), and in a tele-film by Suresh Krishna.<ref>{{cite news|author=Nita Sathyendran|title=One for the family|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/one-for-the-family/article4948743.ece|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=24 July 2013}}</ref> Her father Kumar is a family friend of Mohanlal and Priyadarshan.<ref>{{cite news|author=Asha Prakash|title=I'm growing more comfortable as an actor by the day: Keerthi|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Im-growing-more-comfortable-as-an-actor-by-the-day-Keerthi/articleshow/21019575.cms|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 July 2013}}</ref> [[Nishan K. P. Nanaiah]] was cast as Anoop, the fiancée of the character acted by Keerthy Suresh.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Nita Sathyendran|title=Stuff of dreams|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/stuff-of-dreams/article4952512.ece|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 July 2013|location=Thiruvananthapuram}}</ref> Actor [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] made a comeback to films with ''Geethanjali'' after his cancer treatment, he agreed to act on the insistence of Priyadarshan and Mohanlal and allotted ten days for the shoot.<ref>{{cite web|author=IndiaGlitz|title=Innocent back to camera|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/innocent-back-to-camera-malayalam-news-95797.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202014347/http://www.indiaglitz.com/innocent-back-to-camera-malayalam-news-95797.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2015|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=24 July 2013}}</ref>

[[K. B. Ganesh Kumar]] was also signed in a role.<ref>{{cite web|author=Gayathry|title=Actor Ganesh Kumar Turns Producer!|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/ganesh-kumar-turns-producer-122107.html|publisher=Filmibeat.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=11 October 2013}}</ref> Although Innocent and Ganesh appeared in Manichitrathazhu, they portrayed two new characters in ''Geethaanjali''.<ref name=genre/> Swapna Menon was cast as the daughter of Thankappan (Innocent); her characterisation was similar to that of the female version of Chanthu ([[Sudheesh]]) in ''Manichithrathazhu''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Shiba Kurian|title=Swapna Menon is on a roll|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Swapna-Menon-is-on-a-roll/articleshow/21506334.cms|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=1 August 2013}}</ref> Late actor-director [[Cochin Haneefa]]'s twin daughters Safa and Marwa played the childhood of Geetha and Anjali.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Cochin-Haneefas-twins-pose-with-Mohanlal/articleshow/25635127.cms "Cochin Haneefa's twins pose with Mohanlal"]. ''[[The Times of India]]''. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2014.</ref> They have no dialogue and are only seen in a song sequence.<ref>{{cite news|author=Express Features|title=Taking baby steps to stardom|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Taking-baby-steps-to-stardom/2013/11/14/article1889384.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119001619/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/Taking-baby-steps-to-stardom/2013/11/14/article1889384.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 November 2013|location=[[Kochi]]}}</ref> [[Suresh Gopi]] reprised his role as Nakulan in a cameo appearance.<ref>{{cite news|author=Deepa Soman|title=Suresh Gopi to reprise Nakulan in Geethanjali|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Suresh-Gopi-to-reprise-Nakulan-in-Geethanjali/articleshow/23527141.cms|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 October 2013}}</ref> It was the first time Priyadarshan worked with veteran actors [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], and [[Harisree Ashokan]].<ref name=genre/>

=== Filming ===
[[File:Chitranjali thumb.JPG|thumbnail|[[Chitranjali Studio]] in [[Trivandrum]] was a significant location]]

[[Principal photography]] commenced on 6 July 2013 at [[Thiruvananthapuram]].<ref>{{cite web|author=IndiaGlitz|title=Menakas daughter to become lals heroine|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/menakas-daughter-to-become-lals-heroine-malayalam-news-95231.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115141644/http://www.indiaglitz.com/menakas-daughter-to-become-lals-heroine-malayalam-news-95231.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=5 July 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Mohanlal's Geethanjali to start in July|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mohanlals-Geethanjali-to-start-in-July/articleshow/20828628.cms?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115141351/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Mohanlals-Geethanjali-to-start-in-July/articleshow/20828628.cms|archive-date=15 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|author=Parvathy S Nayar|date=29 June 2013|access-date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Priyadarshan began initial filming with two units—one at [[Kovalam]] and another on a set at the [[Pothencode]] palace. He tried to finish the shoot by 20 August, which left three weeks to complete [[post-production]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=IndiaGlitz|title=Geethanjali may grace this Onam|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-may-grace-this-onam-tamil-news-95633.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115142004/http://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-may-grace-this-onam-tamil-news-95633.html|archive-date=15 November 2015|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=18 July 2013}}</ref> The film was shot on locations in and around Thiruvananthapuram and [[Chitranjali Studio]].<ref name=hindu/> Ninety percent of it was shot in Thiruvananthapuram and the remaining ten percent was shot in [[Dubai]] and [[New Delhi]].<ref name=preproduction/> In early September, Mohanlal announced he had completed shooting and had moved on to another film.<ref>{{cite web|author=SV|title=Mohanlal completes Geethanjali|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/mohanlal-completes-geethanjali/79006/story.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711181728/http://www.nowrunning.com/mohanlal-completes-geethanjali/79006/story.htm|archive-date=11 July 2014|publisher=Nowrunning.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=4 September 2013}}</ref>

The film's makers had initially planned to make the film in [[3D film|3D format]], but this was abandoned because of the cost of production and the technology was time-consuming and filming would take much longer than planned.<ref name=preproduction/> Priyadarshan also intended to use the [[Auro 11.1|Auro sound]] format, but no theatre in [[Kerala]] was equipped with that technology at that time, so he abandoned that idea too.<ref name=story>{{cite news|author=Navamy Sudhish|title=High-octane Horror|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/High-octane-Horror/2013/11/14/article1885374.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140823040002/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/High-octane-Horror/2013/11/14/article1885374.ece|archive-date=23 August 2014|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=14 November 2013|location=[[Kochi]]}}</ref><ref name=budget>{{cite web|title=Mohanlal's 'Geethanjali' to roll on from November|url=http://www.malayalamcinema.com/newsDetails.php?url=mohanlal-s-geethanjali-to-roll-on-from-november&pageID=31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115142525/http://www.malayalamcinema.com/newsDetails.php?url=mohanlal-s-geethanjali-to-roll-on-from-november&pageID=31|archive-date=15 November 2015|publisher=Malayalamcinema.com|date=16 October 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> [[Tirru]] was the [[Cinematographer|director of photography]].<ref>{{cite news|author=IANS|title=Hrithik highly committed artist: Cinematographer Tirru|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Hrithik-highly-committed-artist-Cinematographer-Tirru/2013/10/30/article1864271.ece?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103065416/http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Hrithik-highly-committed-artist-Cinematographer-Tirru/2013/10/30/article1864271.ece|archive-date=3 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=30 October 2013}}</ref> The music for the film was provided by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] and the film was edited by [[T. S. Suresh]]. Lalgudi N. Ilaiyaraja was in charge of the art department.<ref name=censor>{{cite web|author1=Gayathry |title=Mohanlal's Geethanjali Gets U/A Certificate |url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/mohanlal-movie-geethanjali-gets-u-a-certificate-124579.html |archive-date=5 October 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161005120642/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/news/2013/mohanlal-movie-geethanjali-gets-u-a-certificate-124579.html |publisher=Filmibeat.com |date=11 November 2013 |url-status=live |access-date=5 October 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>

==Release==
''Geethaanjali'' was awarded a U/A certificate by the [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref name=censor/> The film's theatrical release, which was earlier planned for October 2013, was postponed until 14 November because of a delay in graphics works.<ref>{{cite web|author=IndiaGlitz|title=Geethanjali postponed|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-postponed-malayalam-news-98129.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202094535/http://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-postponed-malayalam-news-98129.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 December 2015|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=14 November 2015|date=30 September 2013}}</ref> ''Geethanjali'' was released in over 300 theatres worldwide on 14 November 2013, including 90 theatres in Kerala, distribution was done by Seven Arts Release in India.<ref name=theatrelist>{{cite web|author=Geethanjaly |title=Geethanjali Theater List |url=https://scontent-sin1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc3/v/t1.0-9/1459136_178977445642112_275685052_n.jpg?oh=2b21a6aca5236802368b776df5ded47c&oe=56BCCCAD |website=[[Facebook]] |publisher=Geethanjaly Official Facebook page |access-date=14 November 2015 |date=13 November 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Vijay G|title=It's Mohanlal versus Shobhana this weekend|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/slide-show-1-its-mohanlal-versus-shobhana-this-weekend-south/20131114.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2013}}</ref> PJ Entertainments bought the distribution rights for Europe; they released in the United Kingdom in 61 theatres, Austria, Finland, Germany, Sweden, and Italy.<ref>{{cite web|author=PJ Entertainments|title=MOHANLAL-PRIYADARSHAN's "GEETHANJALI" – SHOWTIMES|url=http://pjentertainments.com/mohanlal-priyadarshans-geethanjali-showtimes/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220025246/http://pjentertainments.com/mohanlal-priyadarshans-geethanjali-showtimes/|archive-date=20 February 2015|website=pjentertainments.com|publisher=PJ Entertainments|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Geethanjali |title=UK Theatre list |url=https://scontent-sin1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xap1/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/1450093_178652882341235_1293377768_n.jpg?oh=59313b9fae4ad7c452009b30abaae979&oe=56BF1BCC |website=[[Facebook]] |publisher=Geethanjali Official Facebook page |access-date=14 November 2015 |date=11 November 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The release in Singapore was delayed until 16 November; there it was distributed by Singapore Coliseum.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Geethanjali |title=SINGAPORE LIST |url=https://scontent-sin1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn2/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/560096_178938442312679_995849845_n.jpg?oh=5a40923c7d91275d14899adf674b0cd4&oe=56B4D918 |website=[[Facebook]] |publisher=Geethanjali Official Facebook page |access-date=14 November 2015 |date=12 November 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The film also had a release in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|author=Geethanjaly |title=Geetanjali in japan..!! |url=https://scontent-sin1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash2/v/t1.0-0/p180x540/1453251_180384382168085_2043303274_n.jpg?oh=9eb7d3cfa5285dfd854577437c36420c&oe=56F1500D |website=[[Facebook]] |publisher=Geethanjali Official Facebook page |access-date=14 November 2015 |date=18 November 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The television satellite rights were purchased by [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] before release.<ref>{{cite web|author1=KERALA TV|title=Geetanjali Malayalam Movie Satellite Rights Goes To Asianet|url=http://www.keralatv.in/2013/11/geetanjali-satellite-rights/|publisher=KeralaTV.in|access-date=14 November 2015|date=14 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=The Hindu|title=TV programme listings (04/10/2015)|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/article7720464.ece|access-date=14 November 2015|agency=[[The Hindu]]|date=4 October 2015}}</ref>

== Reception ==

===Critical reaction===
Veeyen of ''Nowrunning.com'' rated the film two stars out of five, and said, "Very rarely does the film rise above the conventions of a horror film that seem to be stuck on its back like a duct tape. No amount of incredible performances or stunning cinematography by Thiru can save 'Geethanjali' from collapsing into another cluttered film that bites the dust". He also said the story is similar to that of ''[[Chaarulatha]]'' (2012).<ref name=review1>{{cite web|title=Geethanjali Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204015455/http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/13439/malayalam/geethanjali/4467/review.htm|archive-date=4 February 2015|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/13439/malayalam/geethanjali/4467/review.htm|publisher=Nowrunning.com|author=Veeyen|date=15 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> ''[[Sify.com]]'' criticised the film's similarity to the 2007 [[Thai film]] ''[[Alone (2007 film)|Alone]]'' and its [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]]-[[Cinema of Tamil Nadu|Tamil]] bilingual remake film ''[[Chaarulatha]]'' (2012). Sify.com also said, "Even if you haven't watched the original, this film is badly written and is barely engaging".<ref name=review2>{{cite web|title=Geethanjali|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116113808/http://www.sify.com/movies/geethanjali-review-malayalam-pcmbewegceiee.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/geethanjali-review-malayalam-pcmbewegceiee.html|website=[[Sify]]|author=MovieBuzz|date=15 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Paresh C. Palicha of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' awarded it two stars out of five stars; he said the story is borrowed from many sources including the Thai film ''Alone'' and its Indian adaptation ''Chaarulatha'', and also noted a "striking" similarity to the 2007 Malayalam film ''[[Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri]]''.<ref name=review3>{{cite web|title=Review: Geethanjali disappoints|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045722/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-geethanjali-disappoints/20131115.htm|archive-date=29 November 2014|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/review-geethanjali-disappoints/20131115.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|author=Paresh C. Palicha|date=15 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Ajin Krishna of ''[[One India|Filmibeat.com]]'' awarded two stars out of five, he appreciated Mohanlal's performance and the cinematography, he said, "Geethanjali fails to entertain and horrify, even by following the same path of the usual horror movies. Priyadarshan could have worked better on this movie, at least to do justice to the tagline of a horror movie."<ref>{{cite web|title=Geethanjali Movie Review: Mohanlal Disappoints!|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611070558/http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2013/geethanjali-movie-review-124840.html|archive-date=11 June 2015|url=http://www.filmibeat.com/malayalam/reviews/2013/geethanjali-movie-review-124840.html|publisher=[[One India|Filmibeat.com]]|author=Ajin Krishna|date=14 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref>

Aswin J. Kumar of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of five, and stated, "Geethanjali plays around a script that is constantly unsteady, giving away hints far too quickly or getting immersed in trifles just for the purpose of stretching the narrative. Even without comparisons, the movie never attains the arresting enigma of a psychological narrative."<ref>{{cite news|title=Geethanjali Movie Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116112612/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Geethanjali/movie-review/25929688.cms|archive-date=16 November 2015|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/Geethanjali/movie-review/25929688.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|author=Aswin J Kumar|date=17 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> ''IndiaGlitz.com'' rated it four-and-a-half stars out of ten, and said it is a "rip-off" of ''Alone'', ''Chaarulatha'', and ''Nadiya Kollapetta Rathri''; he said, "'Geethanjali' stands on a weak script, which scares and shocks in bits and spurts. The film rides on Mohanlal's brand value, but its writing plays the spoilsport." however, the reviewer gave a special mention to the makeup and prosthetics.<ref name=review4>{{cite web|title=Geethanjali Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116111830/http://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-malayalam-movie-review-18096.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/geethanjali-malayalam-movie-review-18096.html|website=IndiaGlitz.com|author=IndiaGlitz|date=15 November 2013|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Raj Vikram of ''MetroMatinee.com'' gave a mixed review, saying, "The script of Abhilash Nair has loopholes dime a dozen but the directorial experience of Priyadarshan supported by some excellent camera work by Tirru and well crafted graphics do make the movie a watchable one", and, "As a standalone horror thriller 'Geethanjali' has its moments and Dr. Sunny's presence indeed may prove to be its backbone!".<ref>{{cite web|author=Raj Vikram|title=Geethanjali Movie Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131117053049/http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/geethanjali-movie-review-384|archive-date=17 November 2013|url=http://www.metromatinee.com/movie-review/geethanjali-movie-review-384|access-date=15 November 2015|date=14 November 2013}}</ref>

=== Theatrical run ===
''Geethanjaly'' was released in around 300 theatres worldwide on 14 November. Seven Arts Release distributed the film in India.<ref name=theatrelist/><ref>{{cite news|author=Nicy V. P|title=Priyadarshan Turns Lyricist for 'Aamayum Muyalum'|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/priyadarshan-turns-lyricist-aamayum-muyalum-609005|access-date=16 November 2015|date=13 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216144702/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/priyadarshan-turns-lyricist-aamayum-muyalum-609005|archive-date=16 December 2014}}</ref> The film collected {{INR Convert|10.5|m}} on the opening day in Kerala; it grossed {{INR Convert|30.8|m}} from Kerala and {{INR Convert|12|m}} from other Indian states within four days of its release, totalling {{INR Convert|42.8|m}} gross from four days in India.<ref>{{cite web|author=Geethanjaly |title=Mohanlal -The King of Box office |url=https://scontent-sin1-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xpa1/v/t1.0-9/s720x720/946997_180539952152528_418610792_n.jpg?oh=9180f65856aed38774e9d34bc77475ec&oe=56BB5FE7 |website=[[Facebook]] |publisher=Geethanjaly Official Facebook page |access-date=14 November 2015 |date=18 November 2013 }}{{dead link|date=January 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the UK, ''Geethanjaly'' grossed £14,403;<ref>{{cite web|author=25thframe|title=Geethanjali|url=http://www.25thframe.co.uk/detail_page.php?rimage=geethanjali|publisher=25thframe.co.uk|access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> considering the theatrical revenue, it was unsuccessful at the box office in its final run.<ref>{{cite news|author=Deepa Gauri|title=Vineeth Sreenivasan gets serious in third film|url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20131205/ARTICLE/312059976/1057|access-date=15 November 2015|agency=[[Khaleej Times]]|date=5 December 2013|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034926/http://www.khaleejtimes.com/article/20131205/ARTICLE/312059976/1057|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Asha Prakash|title=Jayasurya to play the lead in Priyadarshan's next film!|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/Jayasurya-to-play-the-lead-in-Priyadarshans-next-film/articleshow/37841143.cms|access-date=15 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=6 July 2014}}</ref> In 2016, the film was dubbed into Tamil as ''Vennila Minnala'', with the makers hoping to gain revenue from [[Keerthy Suresh]]'s new-found popularity in the Tamil film industry.

=== Alleged influences ===
Although it was an official remake of ''Alone'' it was kept under wrap. The screenplay of ''Geethaanjali'' was criticised for its similarity to the films ''[[Alone (2007 film)|Alone]]'' (2007), ''[[Chaarulatha]]'' (2012), and ''[[Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri]]'' (2007).<ref name=review1/><ref name=review2/><ref name=review3/><ref name=review4/> ''Geethanjali'' was mentioned in an online article published by ''[[International Business Times]]'' in 2014 which described that the film was partially inspired by the detective novel ''[[Elephants Can Remember]]'' written by [[Agatha Christie]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Upcoming Priyadarshan-Jayasurya Film Titled as 'Aamayum Muyalum'|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.in/upcoming-priyadarshan-jayasurya-film-titled-aamayum-muyalum-605080|agency=[[International Business Times]]|date=22 July 2014|access-date=15 November 2015}}</ref> The [[Cinema of Karnataka|Kannada]]-[[Cinema of Tamil Nadu|Tamil]] bilingual film ''Chaarulatha'' was released in 2012 as an official remake of the 2007 [[Cinema of Thailand|Thai film]] ''Alone''.<ref>{{cite news|author=Sashidhar AS|title=Charulatha is the official remake of Thai film|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Charulatha-is-the-official-remake-of-Thai-film/articleshow/15188175.cms|access-date=16 November 2015|agency=[[The Times of India]]|date=27 July 2012}}</ref> Both ''Alone'' and ''Nadiya Kollappetta Rathri'', were loosely based on ''Elephants Can Remember'', which was published in 1972.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Laetitia Wong|title=Thai horror directors dish out something Spooktacular|url=http://www.todayonline.com/lifestyle/travel/thai-horror-directors-dish-out-something-spooktacular|access-date=16 November 2015|agency=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]]|date=11 October 2014}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Geethaanjali
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| cover =
| border = yes
| alt =
| released = 16 June 2014
| recorded = [[Varsha Vallaki Studios]]
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature Film Soundtrack]]
| length = 23:27
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| label = East Coast Audios
| producer = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| prev_title = [[Nadodimannan]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[Jannal Oram]]
| next_year = 2013
}}

The film's soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], with lyrics written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]]. The tracks "Koodilla Kuyilamme" and "Pavizha Munthiri" were revisions of "Jaana Hai Tujhko" and "Maine Hawa Ke Paron" from Priyadarshan's 2008 Hindi film ''[[Mere Baap Pehle Aap]]''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geethanjali|url=http://www.moviebuff.com/geethanjali|publisher=Moviebuff.com|access-date=15 November 2015|date=14 November 2013}}</ref> The original soundtrack album of the film was officially released at a function held at Dreams Hotel, [[Kochi]], in November 2013.<ref>{{cite news|title=Geethanjali Malayalam movie Audio Launch|url=http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/3041/malayalam-movie-geethanjali/E|access-date=15 November 2015|agency=[[Mathrubhumi News]]|author=Mathrubhumi News|date=24 October 2013|archive-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034241/http://mathrubhuminews.in/ee/ReadMore/3041/malayalam-movie-geethanjali/E|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:58
| all_music =
| title1 = Koodilla Kuyilamme
| extra1 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Shweta Mohan]]
| length1 = 05:05
| title2 = Doore Doore (Female Vocals)
| extra2 = [[Rajalakshmy]]
| length2 = 04:25
| title3 = Pavizhamunthiri Then
| extra3 = M. G. Sreekumar, [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]
| length3 = 04:57
| title4 = Doore Doore (Male Vocals)
| extra4 = M. G. Sreekumar
| length4 = 04:25
| title5 = Madhumathi Poovirinjuvo
| extra5 = Abhirami Ajai, Ajmal, Srivardhini
| length5 = 04:35
}}

==See also==
* [[Manichitrathazhu]], original film of the spin-off
* [[Elephants Can Remember]], a detective novel by Agatha Christie
* [[List of Malayalam horror films]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3322506}}
* {{facebook|Movie.Geethaanjali}}

{{Priyadarshan}}
{{Dennis Joseph}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian horror films]]
[[Category:2013 horror films]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Malayalam films in series|GNagavalli2]]
[[Category:Indian remakes of Thai films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Priyadarshan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Indian ghost films]]
[[Category:Indian haunted house films]]
[[Category:Indian horror film remakes]]
[[Category:Indian romantic horror films]]
[[Category:Films about exorcism]]
[[Category:Indian crime horror films]]
[[Category:Films about twin sisters]]
[[Category:Films shot in Dubai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Delhi]]
[[Category:Films set in Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]

Mankachar Assembly constituency

2026-05-05T12:11:52Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{short description|Assembly constituency of Assam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{For|the constituency known as Mankachar from 1978 to 2023|Birsing Jarua Assembly constituency}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Mankachar
| mla = [[Mohibur Rohman]]
| party = INC
| alliance = [[Asom Sonmilito Morcha]]
| latest_election_year = [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| preceded_by = [[Abdur Rehman Ajmal]]
| state = [[Assam]]
| district = [[South Salmara-Mankachar district|South Salmara Mankachar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency|Dhubri]]
| established = 1978
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image = 
| electors = 
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 11
| map_image = Mankachar Assembly constituency map 2023.svg
| abolished =
}}
'''Mankachar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]], a north-east state of [[India]]. It is also part of the [[Dhubri Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=Election Commission of India|access-date=28 November 2025}}</ref> This constituency was renamed from '''Salmara South''' in 2023.

== Members of Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Dewan Joynal Abedin
| {{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Mohammad Bazlul Basit
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" | Dewan Joynal Abedin
| {{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Wazed Ali Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Assam United Democratic Front}}
|-
| 2009{{efn|by-election}}
| [[Wazed Ali Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
| [[Abdur Rehman Ajmal]]
| {{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Wazed Ali Choudhury]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
| [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
| [[Mohibur Rohman]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2026 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[2026 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Mankachar}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Mohibur Rohman]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=126,787|percentage=59.23|change=-24.75}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Zabed Islam]]|party=Asom Gana Parishad|votes=75,617|percentage=35.32|change=''N/A''}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Abdul Salam Shah|party=All India United Democratic Front|votes=8,959|percentage=4.19|change=''N/A''}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Shahidur Alam|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|votes=979|percentage=0.46|change=''N/A''}}

{{Election box majority|votes=51,170|percentage=23.91|change=-83,404}}

{{Election box turnout|votes=212,342|percentage=|change=+38,197}}

{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Salmara South<ref name=election2021>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/13620-assam-general-legislative-election-2021/ |title=Assam General Legislative Election 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate=13 November 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Wazed Ali Choudhury]]
|votes = 146,248
|percentage = 83.98
|change = +29.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Nurul Islam Mollah
|votes = 10,674
|percentage = 6.13
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Asadul Islam
|votes = 8,919
|percentage = 5.12
|change = +3.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent politician
|candidate = Fozlul Hoque Choudhury
|votes = 1,807
|percentage = 1.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 937
|percentage = 0.54
|change = +0.15
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 135,574
|percentage = 77.85
|change = +66.48
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 174,145
|percentage = 92.01
|change = -1.66
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Salmara South}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Wazed Ali Choudhury]]
|votes = 80,066
|percentage = 54.43
|change = +6.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = [[Badruddin Ajmal]]
|votes = 63,343
|percentage = 43.06
|change = -7.49
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Shiraj Hussain]]
|votes = 1,954
|percentage = 1.32
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Dewan Joynal Abedin
|votes = 1,153
|percentage = 0.78
|change = -0.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 581
|percentage = 0.39
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,723
|percentage = 11.37
|change = +8.32
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,47,097
|percentage = 93.67
|change = +6.11
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,57,525
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = All India United Democratic Front
|swing = +7.21
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Salmara South}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India United Democratic Front
|candidate = Abdur Rahman Ajmal
|votes = 62,254
|percentage = 50.55
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Wazed Ali Choudhury
|votes = 58,498
|percentage = 47.50
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Dewan Joynal Abedin
|votes = 1,600
|percentage = 1.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Masidul Haque
|votes = 794
|percentage = 0.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,756
|percentage = 3.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,23,146
|percentage = 87.56
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,40,642
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = All India United Democratic Front
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[South Salmara]]
* [[Dhubri district]]
* [[South Salmara-Mankachar District]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}
{{coord|25.86|89.99|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:South Salmara-Mankachar district]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1978]]
[[Category:1978 establishments in Assam]]

Salt Lake Sector-V and IT Centre metro stations

2026-05-04T08:46:49Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{short description|Metro stations in Bidhannagar, WB, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
[[File:Salt Lake Sector V It Centre metro station 12.jpg|thumb|Salt Lake Sector V and IT Centre metro stations]]
'''Salt Lake Sector V''' (also known as '''Bandhan Bank, Salt Lake Sector V''' for sponsorship reasons<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/bandhan-bank-gets-branding-rights-of-salt-lake-sector-v-metro-station/articleshow/83776782.cms|title=Bandhan Bank gets branding rights of Salt Lake Sector V Metro station|author=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|website=[[The Economic Times]]|date=23 June 2021|access-date=3 May 2026}}</ref>) and '''IT Centre''' are the [[Kolkata Metro]] stations serving [[Salt Lake Sector-V]]. The Salt Lake Sector-V station of [[Green Line (Kolkata Metro)|Green Line]] and the IT Centre station of the upcoming [[Orange Line (Kolkata Metro)|Orange Line]] are located beside each other,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Metro Railway Kolkata / Indian Railways Portal |url=https://mtp.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&dcd=3694&id=0,4,268 |access-date=2024-03-08 |website=mtp.indianrailways.gov.in}}</ref> and connected by means of an over-bridge<ref>{{cite news|title=Tech hub to mass-transit interface|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/tech-hub-to-mass-transit-interfaceoverbridge-to-link-sec-v-stations-201668|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124000320/https://www.telegraphindia.com/calcutta/tech-hub-to-mass-transit-interfaceoverbridge-to-link-sec-v-stations-201668|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 January 2018|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> forming an elevated interchange between the Green and Orange Lines.

Salt Lake Sector-V is the terminal metro station on the Green Line. It was completed and inaugurated in February 2020.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trial runs for new East-West Metro rakes to start in May|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/trial-runs-for-new-east-west-metro-rakes-to-start-in-may/articleshow/63572717.cms|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> IT Centre on the Orange Line is still under construction as of November 2024.

[[File:Salt Lake Sector V It Centre metro station 01.jpg|thumb|Station Interchange|right]]
The metro stations are located diagonally opposite [[Wipro|Wipro Infotech Ltd]], Salt Lake and right opposite Salt Lake RTO office. Prominent buildings in proximity to Sector- V Metro Station is [[Tata Consultancy Services|TCS Gitobitan]], RS Software, PS Srijan Techpark, Merlin Infinite, Merlin Matrix, Rang De Basanti Dhaba, Bandhan Bank, RS Software. Prominent educational institutes near Sector-V metro station are [[International Institute of Hotel Management|IIHM]], EIILM, IEM UEM, Red Apple Learning, Techno India University.

== Salt Lake Sector V ==
{{Infobox station
| name = Salt Lake Sector V
| system = [[Kolkata Metro]]
| style = Kolkata Metro
| symbol = ewm
| symbol_location = kolkata
| image = Salt Lake Sector-V (left) and IT Centre (right; under construction) metro stations (25 February 2024).jpg
| image_caption = Salt Lake Sector V metro station of Green Line on left.
| address = CM Block, Sector–V [[Bidhannagar]], West Bengal 700091
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.58131|88.42982|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rint|Kolkata|Green}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = 2 (2 [[side platforms]])
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| opened = {{start date and age|df=yes|13 February 2020}}<ref>{{cite news |title=অবশেষে চলার পথে, ১৩ ফেব্রুয়ারি থেকে শুরু ইস্ট-ওয়েস্ট মেট্রো |url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/kolkata-east-west-metro-may-be-start-journey-in-13th-february/articleshow/73901943.cms |accessdate=3 February 2020 |publisher=eisamay.indiatimes.com |date=3 February 2020 |location=Kolkata |language=Bengali |archive-date=3 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203162854/https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/kolkata-east-west-metro-may-be-start-journey-in-13th-february/articleshow/73901943.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = SVSA
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Metro Railway, Kolkata]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjstn|system=Kolkata Metro|line=Green|left=Karunamoyee}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Kolkata Metro|Green}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| map_state = collapsed
| route_map = {{Kolkata Metro Green Line}}
}}

=== Station layout ===
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|→}} Alight only →
|-
| height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← Train towards {{ltl|Kolkata Metro|green|left}} ({{stl|Kolkata Metro|Karunamoyee}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
!style="vertical-align:top"|'''L1'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Concourse
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro QR ticket vending machines, crossover
|-
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

=== Entry/exits ===
* '''A''' – [[Wipro]]
* '''B''' – CL Block

{{Clear}}

== IT Centre ==
{{Infobox station
| name = IT Centre
| system = [[Kolkata Metro]]
| style = Kolkata Metro
| symbol = m
| symbol_location = kolkata
| image = Salt Lake Sector V It Centre metro station 04.jpg
| image_caption =
| address = CM Block, Sector–V [[Bidhannagar]], West Bengal 700091
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.58131|88.42982|type:railwaystation_region:IN}}
| line = {{rint|Kolkata|Orange}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = 2 (2 [[side platforms]])
| depth =
| levels =
| tracks =
| parking =
| opening = 2026 (expected)
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified =
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = KITC
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Metro Railway, Kolkata]]
| zone =
| smartcardname =
| smartcardstatus =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{adjstn|system=Kolkata Metro|line=Orange|type=(Future)|left=Nalban|right=Nabadiganta|to-right=Jai Hind}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Kolkata Metro|Orange}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| route_map = {{Kolkata Metro Orange Line}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}

=== Station layout ===
{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;vertical-align:top;border-top:solid 1px gray;" rowspan=4;|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=50 height=45|'''Platform 1'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width=390| {{0|←}} Train towards {{stl|Kolkata Metro|Jai Hind}} ({{stl|Kolkata Metro|Nabadiganta}}) →
|-
| height=45|'''Platform 2'''
| ← Train towards {{ltl|Kolkata Metro|orange|left}} ({{stl|Kolkata Metro|Nalban}})
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;text-align:center;" colspan=2|{{small|[[Side platform]], Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}}}
|-
!style="vertical-align:top"|'''L1'''
|style="vertical-align:top"|Concourse
|style="vertical-align:top"|Fare control, station agent, Metro QR ticket vending machines, crossover
|-
!style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=50 |'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=100 |Street level
|style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray; vertical-align:top" width=420 |Exit/Entrance
|}

== See also ==
*[[List of Kolkata Metro stations]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kolkata Metro|green line=yes|orange line=yes}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2020]]
[[Category:Kolkata Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Kolkata]]

{{WestBengal-railstation-stub}}
{{Asia-metro-stub}}

Coffee Houser Sei Addata

2026-04-30T08:56:20Z

LeonorColangelo: creating some entry basic info

{{Short description|1983 song by Manna Dey}}
{{Redirect|Coffee House song|the song by [[Frank Sinatra]]|The Coffee Song}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Coffee Houser Sei Addata
| cover = Coffee Houser Sei Addata song.jpg
| cover_upright = 1.1
| caption = Manna Dey (right) and Suparna Kanti Ghosh (left), during the recording of the song.
| type = song
| artist = [[Manna Dey]]
| album = Hits of Manna Dey, Vol. 2
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| released = {{Start date|1983}}{{Efn|The release date is cited by some sources as January 11, 1982.<ref name="Apple">{{Cite web |title=Coffee Houser Sei Addata Aaj Aar Nei |url=https://music.apple.com/in/song/coffee-houser-sei-addata-aaj-aar-nei/1700205068 |website=Apple Music}}</ref>}}
| studio = [[Mumbai]] (Bombay)
| length = 6:27
| label = [[Saregama India Ltd.]]
| composer = [[Suparna Kanti Ghosh]]
| lyricist = [[Gauriprasanna Mazumdar]]
| misc = {{External music video
| type = song
| 1 = {{YouTube|kvadzdVaTtg|"{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}"}}
}}
}}
"'''{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}'''"{{Efn|Also known as "{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata Aaj Aar Nei}}"<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Tea Party S(l)ips: In the run-up to the forthcoming general elections, the humble tea has become the quintessentially quotidian symbol of national political discourse |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |last=Gupta |first=Monobina |date=2014-03-08 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24479235 |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=76–77 |via=JSTOR |jstor=24479235 |jstor-access=free}}</ref> or simply "Coffee House"<ref>{{Cite news |title=But Coffee House can’t forget Mannada |last=Banerjee |first=Kathakali |date=2013-10-25 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/but-coffee-house-cant-forget-mannada/articleshow/24692666.cms |access-date=2026-04-24 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>}}{{Efn|English translation: ''Those get-togethers at the coffee-house are no longer there today''<ref>{{Cite web |title="Coffee House is Missing You" – Happy Birthday Manna Dey a Legend for Ever |url=https://ibgnews.com/2016/05/01/coffee-house-is-missing-you-happy-birthday-manna-dey-a-legend-for-ever/ |date=2016-05-01 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=IGW News |agency=Editor Desk}}</ref>}}{{Efn|Bengali: "{{Lang|bn|কফি হাউসের সেই আড্ডাটা আজ আর নেই}}"<ref>{{Cite web |title=কলকাতার কলেজ স্ট্রিট আর কফি হাউস |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/opinion/column/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8 |last=সাহা |first=অমর |date=2017-01-03 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Prothom Alo}}</ref>}} is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] song<ref>{{Cite book |last=Janeja |first=Manpreet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smsJEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en&redir_esc=y |title=Transactions in Taste: The Collaborative Lives of Everyday Bengali Food |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-415-55374-2 |page=126 |language=en}}</ref> by Indian playback singer [[Manna Dey]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chatterjee |first=Dr Arpita |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Kolkata_Kaleidoscope_Tales_Tunes_and/q_SsEQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |title=The Kolkata Kaleidoscope: Tales, Tunes and Tea from the City of Joy |date=January 9, 2026 |publisher=BFC Publications |isbn=978-93-7120-952-6 |page=18 |language=en}}</ref> The song's lyrics were written by [[Gauriprasanna Mazumdar]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=পলাশ |first=আবদুল মান্নান |date=December 6, 2014 |title=গানের কবি গৌরীপ্রসন্ন মজুমদার |url=https://www.risingbd.com/art-literature/news/80846 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal |language=en}}</ref> and its music was composed by [[Suparna Kanti Ghosh]]. After releasing, it was added as part of the album "''Hits of Manna Dey, Volume 2''".<ref>[https://audiomack.com/manna-dey/song/coffee-houser-sei-addata-aaj-aar-nei-manna-dey Coffee Houser Sei Addata Aaj Aar Nei - Audiomack]</ref> "Coffee House" is considered as one of the most popular and timeless songs of the Bengali language.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 5, 2025 |title=গানের কবি গৌরীপ্রসন্ন মজুমদার |url=https://www.newsg24.com/feature-news/18897/ |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=www.newsg24.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2022 |title='কফি হাউজের আড্ডা' গানের সুরকার ঢাকায় |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/594670/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=The Daily Ittefaq |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=প্রতিবেদক |first=নিজস্ব |date=2014-01-02 |title=কফি হাউসের সেই আড্ডাটা... |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE |access-date=2026-04-24 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 4, 2018 |title=কলকাতার কফি হাউসে এক বিকেল |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/travel/article/443724 |access-date=April 24, 2026 |website=[[Jagonews24.com]]}}</ref>{{Sfn|Sen|2009|p=11}}

"Coffee House" is regarded as a [[cult classic]] song of the Bengali language and in the [[culture of West Bengal]]. It reflects the "[[Adda (South Asian)|adda]]" tradition, gaining popularity in the 1960s and 1970s.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=543}} It remarks on the activities and visions of seven friends in the coffee house. The song is widely celebrated in the region of [[Bengal]] including Bangladesh symbolizing culture and heritage, receiving literary appreciation.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=544}} Manna Dey, the singer, deemed it to be an all-time favorite in the [[Bengalis|Bengali community]] in his book.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dey |first=Manna |title=Memories Come Alive: An Autobiography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2007 |isbn=9780143101932 |page=212 |language=en|orig-year=First published in Bengali in 2005|translator-last=Putatunda|translator-first=Sarbani}}</ref>

The song describes the lives of seven friends who used to spend time in the [[College Street Coffee House]] in Kolkata, all being fictional characters. Mazumdar wrote most of the lyrics within two or three days and completed it nine days later inside a train at [[Howrah station]]. Suparna Kanti Ghosh composed the song onboard a train within a day and took the complete written and composed song to Manna Dey, accompanied by Mazumdar and his arranger, two days later. Dey recorded the song in a studio in Mumbai in 1983. The song was endorsed as the anthem of the College Street Cafe House, which hung Dey's picture upon his death. It appeared two times in films, ''Coffee House'' released in 2025, and the upcoming ''{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}''.

== Composition ==
{{CSS image crop
|Image = The President, Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil presenting the Dada Saheb Phalke Award for the year 2007 to the Playback Singer, Shri Manna Dey, at the 55th National Film Awards function, in New Delhi on October 21, 2009 (cropped).jpg
|bSize = 840
|cWidth = 200
|cHeight = 280
|oTop = 15
|oLeft = 482
|Location = right
|Description = [[Manna Dey]] in 2009
}}
Before composing "{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}" for [[Manna Dey]], [[Suparna Kanti Ghosh]], the son of [[Nachiketa Ghosh]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2022 |title=‘কফি হাউজের আড্ডা’ গানের সুরকার ঢাকায় |url=https://www.ittefaq.com.bd/594670/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=The Daily Ittefaq |language=bn}}</ref> had written "{{langr|bn-Latn|[[Shey Amar Choto Bon]]}}" in 1978, which Dey sung.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 21, 2022 |title=‘কফি হাউজের সেই আড্ডাটা আজ আর নেই ’ এর সুরকার সুপর্ণকান্তি ঘোষ ঢাকায় |url=https://www.bssnews.net/bangla/entertainment/39295 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=BSS |agency=BSS}}</ref> [[Gauriprasanna Mazumdar]] was a friend of Nachiketa Ghosh.<ref name="fictional" /><ref name="heretodobusiness">{{Cite web |title=Today's composers are here to do business: Suparna Kanti Ghosh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/music/todays-composers-are-here-to-do-business-suparna-kanti-ghosh/articleshow/67091471.cms |last=Chakraborty |first=Shamayita |date=2018-12-14 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Before "Coffee House" was considered, Ghosh went to a short trip in [[Paris]], visiting [[Montmartre]], where there were many [[coffeehouses]] with people sitting and talking. As the tour guide showed him the areas, Ghosh acquired the idea of a coffeehouse hangout (adda).<ref name="heretodobusiness" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=কর্মকার |first=রজত |date=2018-05-21 |title=কফি হাউজের সেই মইদুল-সুজাতারা আছেন ঢাকায়? ডাহা মিথ্যে! |url=https://eisamay.com/viral-news-truth/there-is-false-claim-by-bangladesh-media-about-the-song-coffee-house-sung-by-manna-de/64260573.cms |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn}}</ref>

In 1983, Ghosh was living in [[New Alipore]], Kolkata. He was then studying for his exams and practicing a song with [[Shakti Thakur]] and some of his friends. Mazumdar came into his house and asked for a cup of tea, and then called Ghosh.<ref name="bdnews" /> He stayed till midnight in Ghosh's house writing the lyrics of songs.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=গোস্বামী |first=সৌমেন্দ্র |date=July 31, 2024 |title=‘কফি হাউসের সেই আড্ডাটা আজ আর নেই’ কেন লিখেছিলেন গৌরীপ্রসন্ন মজুমদার |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/onnoalo/prose/6xzgk85pg7 |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=[[Prothom Alo]]}}</ref> After chatting for some time, Ghosh entrusted Mazumdar with writing a song based on an {{lang|bn-Latn|[[Adda (South Asian)|adda]]}} (hangout) theme,<ref name="bdnews" /> with reference to the [[College Street Coffee House]].<ref name="house">{{Cite news |title=How the song 'Coffee House' was born |last=Siddique |first=Habibullah |date=2022-05-26 |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/how-song-coffee-house-was-born-427162 |access-date=2026-01-22 |work=[[The Business Standard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=100 yrs of lyricist Gauriprasanna Mazumder who wrote 'Coffee House er addata...' |last=Sarthak.G |date=2024-12-05 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/celebrating-100-years-of-gauriprasanna-mazumder-the-iconic-bengali-lyricist-behind-coffee-house-er-addata/articleshow/116017682.cms |access-date=2026-01-22 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Mazumdar spoke the first two lines of the song in front of Ghosh;<ref name="bdnews" /> these two lines of the song, "Coffee houser sei addata aaj aar nei/ Kothai hariye gelo sonali bikel gulo sei" won the title of the best Bengali song in BBC's listener survey.<ref name=":4" /> After going home, Mazumdar began writing the song through the nighttime until the next morning.<ref name="fictional" /> His wife called Ghosh the next morning to inform him that Mazumdar had been awake the whole night.<ref>{{Cite web |title=কফি হাউজের সেই আড্ডাটা...: 'মান্না কাকা বলেছিলেন, এ কিরকম গান?' |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/entertainment/2019/05/02/764912 |date=2019-05-02 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=[[Kaler Kantho]] |agency=Kaler Kantho Online}}</ref> Mazumdar wrote most of the song lyrics within two or three days, except the last stanza.<ref name="house" /> When Mazumdar showed the song to Ghosh, he said that the song lacked a climax and wanted him to write and add a final stanza.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2022 |title=মান্না দের গাওয়া ‘কফি হাউস’ গানটির গীতিকার কে |url=https://dhakamail.com/entertainment/87 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=[[Dhaka Mail]] |language=en |agency=বিনোদন ডেস্ক}}</ref>

Nine days later, Mazumdar was inside a Mumbai or Chennai-bound train, stalled in [[Howrah railway station]], and thought of the last stanza, writing the last lines on a white paper inside a cigarette packet.<ref name="bdnews" /> Then he gave it to a man at Howrah station and asked him to send it to the house of Suparna Kanti Ghosh.<ref name="fictional" /> Mazumdar stated Ghosh's house to be near East Alipore petrol pump, but he could not say the full address.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সিদ্দিক |first=হাবিবুল্লাহ |date=2022-05-26 |title=চিকিৎসক হলে কফি হাউসের মতো কালজয়ী গান হতো না: সুপর্ণকান্তি ঘোষ |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangla/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%A8/news-details-94918 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> The man delivered it to his house the next day.<ref name="house" /> Ghosh felt the song was complete. After composing, he went to Mumbai four days later and took the paper with him.<ref name="house" /><ref name="ie" /><ref name="Howitwasborn" />

On the same day, Ghosh started composing the music while he was travelling to [[Mumbai]] (Bombay) on a [[Sleeping car|sleeper train]] for a live recording. He turned on his bedside lamp on the upper train [[Sleeping berth|berth]], and started humming and memorizing the tune, composing the song for the whole day.<ref name="Composer">{{Cite web |title=শুধু সেই সে দিনের মালি নেই! (শেষ পর্ব) |url=https://banglalive.com/music-composer-suparna-kanti-ghosh-pays-homage-to-manna-dey-2/ |last=মজুমদার |first=পল্লবী |date=2020-05-02 |access-date=2026-01-26 |website=Banglalive}}</ref> The next day after he composed the music, Ghosh brought the song to Gauriprasanna Mazumdar in Mumbai. Ghosh talked to his arranger Y. S. Mulkey, who asked him what music arrangement he wanted for his song and agreed to the song. Ghosh suggested the use of the melody of the Irish folk song [[Auld Lang Syne]] as the interlude in the song, which Mulkey agreed to. The next day, they went to the recording studio where Dey would sing it. Mulkey handed him a harmonium to practice the song. He was approached by guitarist Tony Vaz asking in English if he could play it on his guitar.<ref name="Composer" /> Later, Dey asked Ghosh, "How can this be a song? How will you set these words to music?".<ref name="ie">{{Cite web |title='মান্নাকাকা বলেছিলেন, এ কিরকম গান?' কফি হাউস নিয়ে আড্ডায় সুপর্ণকান্তি |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/general-news/manna-dey-100-years-coffee-houser-adda-making-suparnakanti-ghosh-97692/ |date=2019-05-01 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=IE Bangla Web Desk}}</ref> "{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}" was recorded by Dey in [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Howitwasborn">{{Cite web |title=How Manna Dey's immortal Coffee Houser Sei Addata was born |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/how-manna-deys-immortal-coffee-houser-sei-addata-was-born |last=Chakraborty |first=Yajnaseni |date=2023-05-01 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=Get Bengal}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=কফিহাউজ গানের জন্মকাহিনী |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/233268.details |date=2013-10-24 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=Banglanews24 |language=bn |agency=বিনোদন ডেস্ক}}</ref>

The song was released in 1983 under the label of [[Saregama]], and included in the album ''Hits of Manna Dey, Vol. 2''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coffee Houser Sei Addata - Shazam |url=https://www.shazam.com/en-gb/song/1424305771/coffee-houser-sei-addata-aaj-aar-nei?tab=lyrics}}</ref><ref name="bdnews" />

Manna Dey later released a second part of the song titled "Swapner Coffee House" in 2003. It was published under a different [[Record label|label company]]. Dey sung the sequel in the scale of the first song. The original spool of the first song was lost, which Suparna Kanti Ghosh arranged a new spool for the sequel. Shamindra Ray Chowdhury wrote the song lyrics and it was composed by Ghosh.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-06-01 |title=যেভাবে কফি হাউসের সেই আড্ডাটা... |url=https://www.bd-pratidin.com/entertainment-news/2024/06/01/997767 |access-date=2026-03-30 |website=[[Bangladesh Pratidin]] |language=bn |agency=শোবিজ ডেস্ক}}</ref>

== Synopsis ==
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The first stanza of the song introduces the main characters; the whereabouts and disappearance of the narrator's close friends: Nikhilesh is in Paris, Moidul is in Dhaka, D'Souza has died, Roma Roy is in a lunatic asylum, and Amol is suffering from cancer. The stanza talking about the past is based on personal experiences and individual memories.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=546}}

The second stanza introduces the other main character Sujata, said to be happy and prosperous in her marriage to a wealthy person. Depicted in her lifestyle as being covered with diamonds and jewels on her whole body.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=545}} It also talks about Nikhilesh's occupation as an illustrator of advertisements and D'Souza traits of being observant, quiet and introverted, specifying their careers.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=546}}

The third stanza describes the activities of the friends and their gathering while at the coffee house. Which portrays the smoking of Charminar cigarettes, altercations between the characters Bishnu Dey, a poet, and Jamini Roy, a painter, and the meetings which happen at specific times.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=545}} It says the routines and habits of the friends and their daily interactions.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=546}}

The fourth stanza renders the unpublished poems of Amol, the theater roles in office dramas of Roma Roy, and the manner of Moidul to read aloud to them the newspaper reports he had written everyday.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=545}} It defines the potential, failure and achievements of the characters and their insignificant memories.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=547}}

The fifth and last stanza delineates about the coffee house itself and suggests the impermanency of the meetings between them.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=547}} Remarking the original group of friends to have been gone, and the tables, cups and garden to still be present. The stanza states the coffee house to have remained the same, with people coming and going out of the house.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=545}} It states the original group to have been replaced by future generations, with the house still being a place of sharing memories and exchanging stories.{{Sfn|Khan|2025|p=546}}

== Theme and characters ==
"{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}" was written by Gauriprasanna Mazumdar as a song capturing the times of seven friends in the [[College Street Coffee House]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maity |first=Rakesh |date=April 5, 2024 |title=Coffee House: কলেজ স্ট্রিটের হাতছানি মেটাচ্ছে ছোট্ট গ্রামের এই কফি হাউস |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/south-bengal/coffee-house-start-howrah-village-as-like-college-street-heritage-l18-1593406.html |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=[[News18 Bangla]]}}</ref> (also known as "Indian Coffee House"),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahmed |first=Milton |date=2019-12-04 |title=মান্না দে’র কফি হাউজে |url=https://www.risingbd.com/travel/news/322450 |access-date=2026-03-30 |website=Risingbd Online Bangla News Portal |language=en}}</ref> termed as "golden late afternoons" spent together by them.<ref>{{Cite web |title=When Indian Coffee House was the country's living room: Writers, thinkers, actors, doers met, talked, fought and thought, turning a chain of coffee shops into a national institution |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/when-indian-coffee-house-was-the-countrys-living-room/ |last=Krishan |first=Shubhra |date=2016-09-22 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[Condé Nast Traveler]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=দত্ত |first=ধৃমল |date=March 19, 2024 |title=কফি হাউসের ‘সেই আড্ডা’ কি সত্যিই নেই? |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/international/news/930411 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241203080126/https://www.jagonews24.com/international/news/930411 |archive-date=2024-12-03 |access-date=2026-04-04 |work=jagonews24.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In Bengali, the hangouts are also known as "adda."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malakar |first=Sandipa |date=July 22, 2020 |title=College Street Coffee House Then & Now |url=https://www.getbengal.com/home/story_detail/college-street-coffee-house-then-and-now |access-date=2026-04-06 |website=Get Bengal |language=en}}</ref> He describes the activities of the seven members and their conditions and impressions at the time of the song's release.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fan pays unique tribute to Manna Dey |url=https://www.5dariyanews.com/news/54354-Fan-pays-unique-tribute-to-Manna-Dey |date=2014-10-24 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=5 Dariya News |place=Kolkata |agency=Web Admin}}</ref> The narrator introduces the members in the song, giving a brief description about each of his friends.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stage ode to Manna Dey's Coffee House |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/stage-ode-to-manna-dey-rsquo-s-coffee-house-nbsp/cid/1416104 |date=2018-05-04 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |agency=The Telegraph Bureau}}</ref><ref name="doing">{{Cite web |title=How is Manna Dey's Coffee House doing? |url=https://www.getbengal.com/details/how-is-manna-deys-coffee-house-doing |date=2020-11-09 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=Get Bengal |agency=Information Desk}}</ref> The song specifies the chats or addas made in the coffee house to be lost,{{Efn|"In music, late Manna Dey's once-chart-buster song - 'Coffee house-er sei āddā-ta āj ar nei [That Coffee House āddā is there no more], a eulogy to an addā that the singer sorely misses - is still quite popular and comes immediately to mind."<ref>{{Cite book |title=Contemporary Gender Formations in India: In-between Conformity, Dissent and Affect |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Contemporary_Gender_Formations_in_India/-4XwEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |others=Chapter by Ritam Dutta |year=2024 |isbn=978-1-003-37772-6 |editor-last=Dhar |editor-first=Nandini |page=210 |language=en}}</ref>}} the friends to have settled in distant places, the remembrance of their old times and memories.<ref>{{Cite web |last=গোস্বামী |first=সৌমেন্দ্র |date=2024-12-02 |title=‘চাকরিটা আমি পেয়ে গেছি, বেলা শুনছ’ লিখেছিলেন অঞ্জন, কারণ... |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/entertainment/song/1mtehdzezv |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=Prothom Alo |language=bn}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Ghosh |first=Bishwanath |title=Longing, Belonging: An Outsider at Home in Calcutta |publisher=[[Westland Books|Westland Non-fiction]] |year=2026 |isbn=9789371974592 |pages=40–41 |language=en}}</ref>

In an interview with [[Bdnews24.com]] in 2020, Suparna Kanti Ghosh remarked that all the seven protagonists were fictional, as made up by Mazumdar. He stated that the none of the performers of the song (Ghosh, Mazumdar, Dey) had visited the described coffee house before the song's recording. He said that many people before had falsely claimed to be the characters from the song.<ref name="fictional">{{Cite web |title=Protagonists in iconic Bengali song 'Coffee House' are all fictional, says composer |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/lifestyle/entertainment/protagonists-in-iconic-bengali-song-coffee-house-are-all-fictional-says-composer-1596342981 |date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=[[The Financial Express (Bangladesh)|The Financial Express]] |agency=Financial Express Online Desk}}</ref><ref name="bdnews">{{Cite web |title=Protagonists in iconic Bengali song 'Coffee House' are all fictional, says composer Ghosh |url=https://bdnews24.com/entertainment/protagonists-in-iconic-bengali-song-coffee-house-are-all-fictional-says-composer-ghosh |last=Saad |first=Saimum |date=2020-08-02 |access-date=2026-01-22 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]]}}</ref> There are seven major characters described in the song: Nikhilesh Sanyal,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-27 |title=মান্না দে’র বিখ্যাত কফি হাউজে ক্ষণিকের আড্ডা |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/sports/news/89383 |access-date=March 30, 2026 |website=[[Jagonews24.com]]}}</ref> Moidul, Sujata, Goanese D'Souza,<ref name=":3" /> Roma Roy, Amol and the unnamed narrator,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-01-01 |title=কফি হাউসের আড্ডা এবার রহস্যের মোড়কে |url=https://sarabangla.net/entertainment/post-1104247/ |access-date=2026-04-24}}</ref> who discuss about several other friends including Bishnu Dey and Jamini Roy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coffee and Cigarettes |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/coffee-and-cigarettes/cid/1667800 |last=Rith |first=Basu |date=2009-04-18 |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=The Telegraph}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 31, 2024 |title=কল্পনা থেকে লেখা ‘কফি হাউজের সেই আড্ডাটা’, বাস্তবে ছিল না সুজাতা, মঈদুলরা |url=https://thedailycampus.com/entertainment-news/151539/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE |access-date=April 4, 2026 |website=The Daily Campus |agency=টিডিসি রিপোর্ট}}</ref>

* Nikhilesh Sanyal: Said to be living in [[Paris]].<ref name="fictional" /><ref name="bdnews" /> A talented person with many tricks, he was the life of the party. He lost contact with the other six friends after being around for a short time, and is remembered due to his lasting impression.<ref name="which">{{Cite web |title=Which "Coffee House Er Shei Addata..." friend are you? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/shout/news/which-coffee-house-er-shei-addata-friend-are-you-1947645 |last=Ahmed |first=Adhora |date=2020-08-19 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref> The narrator has no news about him.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Halder |first=Nilratan |date=April 25, 2026 |title=Coffee Houser sei addata! |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/features-analysis/coffee-houser-sei-addata-1777046816 |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>
* Moidul: Said to be a reporter in [[Dhaka]].<ref name=":7" /> The narrator has no news about him.<ref name=":8" />
* Sujata: An opportunist who worked to her advantages. She avoided worsening friendships with arguments.<ref name="which" /> Said to be the only character to have a happy life. Married to a lakhpati (a person who has {{INR}}100,000). She is the only happy person and doing well in her life out of all the seven characters, connecting to a rich family through her marriage.<ref name=":8" />
* Goanese D'Souza: A guitarist,<ref name="fictional" /><ref name="bdnews" /> who is dead at the time of the narration.<ref name=":7" /> He was said to be a guitarist at the Grand Hotel, but is dead and buried.<ref name=":8" /> He was a quiet and wise person, and respected within the seven friends. A good listener, he helped the other friends whenever they were anxious or needed support.<ref name="which" />
* Roma Roy: A romantic person who fell in love and celebrated monthly anniversaries many times but was unable to make any relationships last for more than a year. She broke up several times and hung out with the friends to feel better.<ref name="which" /> She is specified to be in a mental hospital after breaking up with someone.<ref name=":8" />
* Amol: Described to have a poet-like appearance,<ref name="fictional" /><ref name="bdnews" /> struggling with cancer.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> He struggled to become popular and fit it with his other friends, making only a minor presence during the hangouts. He was best friends with D'Souza.<ref name="which" />
* Unnamed narrator<ref name="bdnews" />
A sports journalist named Nur Ahmed Moidul was born in 1936 in [[North 24 Parganas]] and later moved to [[Bangladesh]] in 1968 following a [[riot]]. On his death in 2014 (aged 78), newspapers mentioned him to be the character in the song. He claimed during his lifetime to be the character, and said to have met with Sujata and Roma Roy. He also claimed to have met with Manna Dey during his teenage years. Ghosh stated the claims to be false.<ref name="fictional" /><ref name="bdnews" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=সবুজ |first=মো. রাসেল |date=2017-06-22 |title=কালজয়ী "কফি হাউজের সেই আড্ডাটা" গানের দুটি চরিত্রই (সুজাতা ও মইদুল) বাংলাদেশের! |url=https://ajkermathbaria.com/other/different-news/article13239.ajkermathbaria.2017.06.22 |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=আজকের মঠবাড়িয়া |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sujata, the wife of [[Awami League]] politician [[Waliur Rahman Reza]] was born in [[Gaibandha]] and educated in [[Government College of Art & Craft|Calcutta Art College]]. She married Reza in 1972. Reza became a [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament in Bangladesh]] in the 1970s and was an organizer of [[Bangladesh Liberation War|the Liberation War]].<ref name=":6" /> Newspapers stated her to be from the song, which was stated as being false by Ghosh.<ref name=":5" />

== Cultural impact ==
Sudeb Dey, the [[nephew]] of Manna Dey sang a [[cover version|cover]] of the song. He described about Manna Dey and the song, "In light of my profession, I sing various songs of uncle [Manna Dey] across the country. Today if I don't sing 'Coffee House', then the audience won't let me get up from my seat."{{Efn|name=Bengali}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Manna Dey: নেতিবাচক বক্তব্য দ্রুত প্রচার পায়, সোহিনী তাই কাকা আর ‘কফি হাউস’কে বেছেছেন: সুদেব |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/sudeb-dey-reacts-against-the-comments-of-sohini-dasgupta-on-manna-dey-coffee-house-song-dgtl/cid/1329751 |date=2022-02-19 |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=Anandabazar |agency=Anandabazar.com Correspondent}}</ref> Singer Sagarika Bhattacharjee sang a remake of the song with the same lyrics and music.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2023 |title=Check Out Popular Bengali Song 'Coffee House Er Shei Adda' Sung By Sagarika Bhattacherjee. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/bengali/check-out-popular-bengali-song-coffee-house-er-shei-adda-sung-by-sagarika-bhattacherjee-/videoshow/98088180.cms |access-date=2026-04-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> An altered version "Coffee House," named "Coffee house er shei adda ta fire pete chai, fire pete chai" was sung by celebrities on the occassion of the Coffee House's reopening on July 12, 2009.{{Sfn|Sen|2009|p=46}}

=== Reception ===
Md Morshedul Alam Mohabat of ''[[The Business Standard]]'' said that the song is an "all-time favorite" because people are attracted to songs which are relatable to them. He remarks that most people can relate to the song through the life stories it provides, which may be true for the persons that someone knows. He describes the song as nostalgic, which attracts many people. He states that it may be something which may happen to everyone, and will have to leave the memories behind.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why 'Coffee House' is an all-time favourite |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/why-coffee-house-all-time-favourite-534106 |last=Mohabat |first=Md Morshedul Alam |date=2022-11-18 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=The Business Standard}}</ref> [[BBC Bangla]] {{Interlanguage link|conducted an online ranking|bn|সর্বকালের সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ বাংলা গান}} where people could vote for their five favorite Bengali songs, for the entirety of March 2006. On the list, "{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}" scored as the highest-ranking Bengali song from West Bengal and the fourth-highest overall.{{Efn|The other three songs were "[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]", the national anthem of Bangladesh; "Manush Manusher Janya", sung by [[Assam]] singer [[Bhupen Hazarika]]; and [[Ekusher Gaan|Amar Bhaiyer Rokte Rangano]], a patriotic song of Bangladesh.}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=সর্বকালের সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ বাংলা গান |date=2006-05-03 |url=https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news/story/2006/05/060502_mbsheragaan |access-date=2026-01-27 |work=[[BBC Bangla]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2022 |title=বিবিসির সর্বকালের সর্বশ্রেষ্ঠ ২০ গানের তিনটিই তার |url=https://www.deshrupantor.com/379188/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0-%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0 |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=দেশ রূপান্তর |language=bn}}</ref>

Sohini Dasgupta, the wife of filmmaker [[Buddhadeb Dasgupta]], issued a statement on social media expressing the song as lacking the real standards of nostalgia and being a "looser"{{sic}} song.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manna Dey's 'Coffee House' sounds like seven soreheads whining: Sohini Dasgupta |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/splash/manna-deys-coffee-house-sounds-seven-soreheads-whining-sohini-dasgupta-372772 |date=2022-02-19 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Business Standard |agency=TBS Report}}</ref> Dasgupta heard the song on radio before and commented the same. Dasgupta stated afterwards that she liked the lyrics, tunes and melodies of the song when she first heard it in the 1980s, but it seemed to her at the time that the song was for those who had failed and lost.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sohini Dasgupta stirs controversy with her controversial comments on the song 'Coffee House' |url=https://bangla.asianetnews.com/bengali-cinema/sohini-dasgupta-comments-on-manna-dey-song-coffee-house-goes-viral-bjc-r7jdn9/articleshow-dbahgg |last=Chandra |first=Jayita |date=2022-02-19 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[Asianet News Network]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='ন্যাকার ঘ্যানঘ্যান' মান্না দে-র কফি হাউস গান! পরিচালক সোহিনী দাশগুপ্তর মন্তব্যে বিতর্ক |url=https://www.sangbadpratidin.in/entertainment/cinema/director-sohini-dasgupta-sparks-row-over-coffee-house-song-comment/pid/662783/ |date=2022-02-18 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=[[Sangbad Pratidin]] |agency=সংবাদ প্রতিদিন ডিজিটাল ডেস্ক}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 18, 2022 |title=Manna Dey: মান্না দে-র ‘কফি হাউস’ গান যেন সাত ন্যাকার ঘ্যানঘ্যান, ফেসবুকে দাবি সোহিনী দাশগুপ্তের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/sohini-dasgupta-critisized-the-cult-song-of-manna-dey-coffee-house-dgtl/cid/1329635 |access-date=March 30, 2026 |website=Anandabazar}}</ref> In response to Dasgupta, Sudeb Dey stated that, "[Kaka] Manna Dey is my [[guru]] (mentor). I don't know who posted the message on [[Facebook]]. [...] Some people do it to get into the light of discussion by saying negative things. [...] At the same time she rejected the creation (song) of an artist."{{Efn|name=Bengali|Originally quoted in Bengali; translated into English.}}<ref name=":1" /> Indian film director [[Anik Dutta]] and Bangladesh's TM Ahmed Kaiser commented on Dasgupta's post. They said that "the freedom of speech and commentary is available to everyone." In an inquiry by [[Anandabazar Patrika|Anandabazar Online]] to singer-songwriter [[Anupam Roy]], he stated that he would not make any comments on the Facebook post or on the popularity of the song. He remarked, "I grew up listening to this song. Of the songs Suparna Kanti Ghosh has composed, this is the best one. The song seems to have represented the coffee house of that time. I considered this to be the best song of respectable Manna Dey before. And I say the same in the future."<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 21, 2022 |title=Manna Dey: ফেসবুকে মন্তব্য নতুন নয়, তবে ‘কফি হাউস’ গান চিরন্তন, দাবি অনুপম, রণজয়, শোভনের |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/manna-dey-controversy-what-is-anupam-roy-ranajoy-bhattacharya-shovon-ganguly-saying-dgtl/cid/1330095 |access-date=April 3, 2026 |website=Anandabazar |agency=নিজস্ব সংবাদদাতা}}</ref>

==== College Street Coffee House ====
[[File:Interior view of the iconic Indian Coffee House in Kolkata, West Bengal, photo taken on March 14, 2014.jpg|thumb|right|The Coffee House in 2014]][[College Street Coffee House]],{{Efn|Often referred to as "Manna Dey's coffee house."<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘কফি হাউসে’র সেই আড্ডাটা আর নেই |url=https://bangla.thedailystar.net/news/asia/india/news-567691 |date=2024-03-16 |access-date=2026-04-03 |website=The Daily Star |agency=স্টার অনলাইন ডেস্ক}}</ref>}} the establishment which the song is based on, had regarded "{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}" as its anthem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Indian Coffee House: Heady brew in chipped china: The iconic institution is not so much about coffee as about memory and desire |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/indian-coffee-house-heady-brew-in-chipped-china/article22644068.ece |last=Roy |first=Vaishna |date=2018-02-03 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[The Hindu]] |url-access=limited}}</ref> Foreign media channels visited the place on the song's release.<ref name="doing" /> After Dey died on 24 October 2023, Ghosh said, "Coffee house will remain... so will remain the chat sessions, but the man who made them immortal is now no more."<ref name="doing" /> The coffee house personnel, and the administrative officer Dipankar Dasgupta, put a portrait of Dey in the house in remembrance of Dey.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kolkata's coffee house weeps for its balladeer |date=2013-10-24 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2013/Oct/24/kolkatas-coffee-house-weeps-for-its-balladeer-529931.html |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |agency=[[Indo-Asian News Service]]}}</ref> A placard was put up on the house's entrance with the words, "Legendary singer Manna Dey is no more. He will never take part in the Coffee house chat sessions. On behalf of he Coffee house family, we pray for his soul to rest in peace."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manna Dey: Kolkata's Coffee House weeps for its balladeer |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/manna-dey-kolkatas-coffee-house-weeps-for-its-balladeer-614532 |date=2013-10-24 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[NDTV]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2013 |title=Manna Dey: Kolkata's Coffee House weeps for its balladeer |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/manna-dey-kolkatas-coffee-house-weeps-for-its-balladeer-647004.html |access-date=April 6, 2026 |website=[[Network18 Group|News18]] |agency=Indo-Asian News Service}}</ref> As of March 17, 2024, the song was played for four decades in the house.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=March 17, 2024 |title=কফি হাউজ এখন আর আড্ডাবাজদের নয় |url=https://bangla.bdnews24.com/world/j4uqommlsg |access-date=2026-04-04 |website=bdnews24.com |language=en |agency=নিউজ ডেস্ক}}</ref>

Manna Dey visited the coffee house on February 19, 2002. He wore his usual cap and signed the papers of all the people who wanted his signature. Snehasish Chakraborty, present in the house, stated that the College Street Coffee House was never so crowded before the song was released.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coffee house-er addata aaj aar nei |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/calcutta-times/coffee-house-er-addata-aaj-aar-nei/articleshow/1495482.cms |last=Mukherjee |first=Susmita |date=2002-02-19 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> Zaheed Hussain, an employee of the Coffee House said that Manna Dey is the singer who immortalized the Coffee House by singing the song. He also said to have seen Dey visit the House two times, as of July 23, 2018, at when he accepted a cup of coffee and a sandwich.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bandyopadhyay |first=Sumitro |date=July 23, 2018 |title=Coffee and cacophony: Kolkata's College Street secret brewing for ages |url=https://www.dailyo.in/arts/whats-unique-about-college-street-coffee-house-employees-salary-tips-25525 |access-date=2026-04-06 |website=dailyO |language=en}}</ref>

== In popular culture ==
On August 29, 2025, the Bengali feature film ''Coffee House'' was released publicly in West Bengal. It starred Sangita Konar acting as Sujata, and its title song was sung by [[Bollywood]] singer [[Vinod Rathod]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bengali Feature Film Coffee House Screens in Kolkata |url=https://www.newsnation360.com/post/bengali-feature-film-coffee-house-screens-in-kolkata |last=Kundu |first=Krishnendu |date=2025-09-21 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=News nation 360}}</ref> who traveled to Kolkata to record the song.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Star Sangita Konar Wins Hearts in Bengali Hit 'Coffee House' |url=https://www.hindustanmetro.com/global-star-sangita-konar-wins-hearts-in-bengali-hit-coffee-house/ |date=2025-10-23 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=HindustanMetro.com |agency=Maxx Advisor}}</ref>

In November 2025, directors Jenny Sarkar and Dipayan Mondal, and production house Suan Silver Screen announced the release of a suspense/thriller film named ''{{langr|bn-Latn|Coffee Houser Sei Addata}}''.<ref name="Upcoming" />{{Efn|Alternatively spelled as ''Coffee Houser Sei Adda Ta''.}} Starring actors Anusha Viswanathan, Soumya Mukherjee, Priyanka Bhattacharya and [[Roopa Ganguly]]. Roopa Ganguly previously acted in the film [[Raghu Dakat]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roopa Ganguly: 'কফি হাউজের সেই আড্ডা'-র ৬ বন্ধুর গল্প এবার সিনেমার পর্দায়! মুখ্যভূমিকায় রূপা গঙ্গোপাধ্যায় |url=https://bengali.abplive.com/entertainment/roopa-ganguly-in-a-new-film-recreating-manna-dey-song-nostalgia-coffee-house-ar-sei-adda-ta-entertainment-news-tollywood-1159952 |last=Bhattacharyya |first=Torsha |date=2025-11-24 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[ABP Ananda]]}}</ref><ref name="correspondent">{{Cite news |title=স্মৃতি উস্কে বড়পর্দায় মান্না দে-র 'কফি হাউস'! থাকছেন রূপা গঙ্গোপাধ্যায়-দোলন রায়! আর কে? |date=2025-10-04 |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/entertainment/rupa-ganguly-and-dolan-roy-will-be-in-new-movie-dgtl/cid/1637590 |access-date=2026-01-23 |work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]] |agency=Anandabazar.com Correspondent}}</ref> A brief plot of the film was released: Sujata, who previously left for abroad, comes back into her ancestral home in [[North Bengal]], feeling sentimental. She suddenly and mysteriously disappears from her home's tea garden. Aheri, her granddaughter specializing in music returns to India from England and searches for her.<ref name="Upcoming">{{Cite web |title=Bengali Movie: আর গানের আঙিনা নয় সিনে পর্দায় কফি হাউজের আড্ডা! নস্ট্যালজিয়ায় শহর কলকাতা |url=https://bengali.indianexpress.com/photos/bengali-upcoming-movie-coffee-houser-sei-adda-first-look-reveals-10648083 |last=Kundu |first=Kasturi |date=2025-11-11 |access-date=2026-01-25 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> She finds some old letters and an old diary bearing the song "Coffee House" along with the stories of six friends from the 1980s who used to hang out in a coffee house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=মান্না দের বিখ্যাত গান 'কফি হাউজের' স্মৃতি ফেরাবেন রূপা, গল্পটা কী? |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/bn/entertainment/coffee-houser-sei-addata-famous-song-of-manna-dey-return-as-bengali-cinema-name-starrer-roopa-ganguly-west-bengal-news-wbs25112103218 |date=2025-11-21 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=[[ETV Network|ETV Bharat]] |agency=ETV Bharat Entertainment Team}}</ref><ref name="correspondent" /> The shooting was scheduled to start from October 7, 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Film of Manna Dey's 'Coffee House' set to roll in October |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/entertainment/tv-film/news/film-manna-deys-coffee-house-set-roll-october-4002201 |date=2025-10-05 |access-date=2026-01-27 |website=The Daily Star |agency=Arts & Entertainment Desk}}</ref> Sarkar and Mondal commented, "Since childhood, I – like countless others – have grown up listening to Manna Dey's timeless classic song. The nostalgia of that song, its celebration of friendship, its reflections on relationships – these things have always moved us deeply. [...] That thought became the starting point."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Music meets memory in a new film |url=https://t2online.in/screen/bengali/music-meets-memory-in-a-new-film/2002495 |last=Chatterjee |first=Arindam |date=2025-12-02 |access-date=2026-01-23 |website=t2ONLINE}}</ref> Arijit Singh is said to be singing a new cover of the song.<ref name="correspondent" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Cited work(s) ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite journal |title=Sustaining Reminiscence: Cultural Memory, Reflective Nostalgia and Ethical Memory in the Bengali “Coffee House” Song |journal=International Journal of Research in English |last=Khan |first=Anika |date=2025-08-18 |volume=7 |issue=2 |via=[[English Journal]] |doi=10.33545/26648717.2025.v7.i2h.517 |issn=2664-8725}}
*{{Cite journal |last=Sen |first=Payal |date=July 20, 2009 |title=COFFEE HOUSE TO BARISTA - A Study of Cultural Change |url=https://www.academia.edu/28047403/COFFEE_HOUSE_TO_BARISTA_A_Study_of_Cultural_Change |journal=[[Academia.edu]] |location=[[Jadavpur University]] |url-access=registration}}{{Refend}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1983 songs]]
[[Category:1983 singles]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Manna Dey songs]]
[[Category:Songs written by Gauriprasanna Mazumdar]]
[[Category:Songs about cities]]
[[Category:Songs about hotels and motels]]
[[Category:Pop ballads]]
[[Category:1980s ballads]]
[[Category:Songs about friendship]]
[[Category:Songs about food and drink]]
[[Category:Songs about old age]]
[[Category:Songs about human migration]]
[[Category:Songs about nostalgia]]
[[Category:Songs about restaurants]]
[[Category:Commemoration songs]]

Neha Rajpal

2026-04-23T23:46:11Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting a data - done

{{short description|Indian singer, anchor and producer}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nehha Rajpal
| image = Neha3.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| spouse = Akash Rajpal
| 
| module =
{{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| birth_name = Neha Chandna
| origin = [[Dombivli|Dombivli, Maharashtra]], Maharashtra, India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1978|6|23}}<ref>{{Cite web | title=Marathi Singer Dr Neha Rajpal Birthday Special See Her Dream Home B'day: गायिकेसोबतच एक डॉक्टरसुद्धा आहे नेहा राजपाल, मुंबईत आहे 'ड्रीमहोम' {{!}} B'day: गायिकेसोबतच एक डॉक्टरसुद्धा आहे नेहा राजपाल, मुंबईत आहे 'ड्रीमहोम' | url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/BOL-MB-IFTM-marathi-singer-dr-neha-rajpal-birthday-special-see-her-dream-home-5900864-PHO.html | access-date=2025-02-16 | website=divyamarathi.bhaskar.com | date=23 June 2018 }}</ref>
| genre = [[Ghazal]], [[Filmi]], [[Hindustani classical music]]
| occupation = Singer, Producer, Composer
| years_active = 1995–present
| instrument = Vocals
| label =
| website = {{url|http://www.neharajpal.com}}
}}
}}
'''Neha Rajpal''' (née '''Chandna''') (born 23 June 1978) is a producer, singer and anchor in the Indian [[music industry]], [[Bollywood|Hindi]] films, and especially the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] regional music industry. Winner of the prestigious Hindi [[Zee TV]] reality Music show – [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Saregamapa]] in 2004<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100106183202/http://planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/music_newupdatearticle.php?conid=1926</ref><ref>https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/playback-singer/neha-rajpal</ref><ref>https://unelmamusic.com/artist/52243/neha-rajpal</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtfXMIx7uDtcR1NbE-qQbng/about</ref><ref>https://celebrityborns.com/biography/neha-rajpal/16961</ref><ref>https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCY4Id1XL3suPnThq5DHEwPw</ref><ref>https://filmyfocus.com/celebs/neha-rajpal</ref> Neha has also performed in various other Indian languages including [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]]. Neha spells her name as 'Nehha'. Neha has produced her maiden Marathi film ''PhotoCopy'' under the banner "Neha Rajpal Productions" in association with Viacom18. The film written by national award winner [[Vijay Maurya]] and Yogesh Vinayak Joshi released in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=xg6tvO_31Hs|title = IBN Lokmat Show Time : Nehacha Pudhcha Paul|website = [[YouTube]] | date=5 January 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai/neha-rajpal/articleshow/45692982.cms|title=व्हॉट्सअॅप टॅलेंट हंट मोहीम|access-date=5 January 2015|archive-date=28 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928233218/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/mumbai/neha-rajpal/articleshow/45692982.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/cinemagic/gossip/singer-to-producer/moviearticleshow/45362327.cms|title=गायनाकडून निर्मितीकडे|access-date=5 January 2015|archive-date=5 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105144513/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/cinemagic/gossip/singer-to-producer/moviearticleshow/45362327.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epapermt.timesofindia.com/NasDataMT//PUBLICATIONS/MAHARASHTRATIMES/MUMBAI/2014/12/04/PagePrint/04_12_2014_101_f0b97dc3e262a3900184597d3afa9c00.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=5 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150105142025/http://epapermt.timesofindia.com/NasDataMT//PUBLICATIONS/MAHARASHTRATIMES/MUMBAI/2014/12/04/PagePrint/04_12_2014_101_f0b97dc3e262a3900184597d3afa9c00.pdf |archive-date=5 January 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Its music was highly appreciated and it went on to win the best music album of the year (Listeners Choice)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://businesswebnews.blogspot.com/2017/03/the-marathi-music-industry-celebrates.html?m=1|title=The MARATHI music industry celebrates 5TH JIO Mirchi Music Awards}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web | url-access=limited |archive-url = https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/134797139902640/1224808850901458 |archive-date = 2022-04-30| url = https://m.facebook.com/RadioMirchi/photos/a.1224807934234883/1224808850901458/?type=3 |title = Mirchi on Facebook |website=[[Facebook]]}}{{cbignore}}{{User-generated source|certain=yes|date=March 2022}}</ref> against blockbuster like Sairat. She sang the 'Sridevi<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcnniBxRw74 | title=Waltair Veerayya (Hindi) | Sridevi | Megastar Chiranjeevi, Shruti Haasan, DSP, Bobby Kolli | website=[[YouTube]] | date=12 January 2023 }}</ref>' Hindi dubbed song of Telegu movie [[Waltair_Veerayya]] composed by Pushpa movie director [[Devi_Sri_Prasad]] and picturised on Superstar Cheeranjivi and Shruti Hassan

== Education ==
She was born on 23 June 1978 in [[Dombivli]], Maharashtra, [[India]], and did her schooling in Model English School,
Pandurangwadi and went on to become a medical professional. She is an [[MBBS]] doctor by qualification.

She did her medical schooling from MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/gossip/my-film-has-a-different-subject-neha-rajpal.html|title=My Film Has a Different Subject - Neha Rajpal|access-date=25 June 2020|archive-date=4 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230304135014/http://www.zeetalkies.com/gossip/my-film-has-a-different-subject-neha-rajpal.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/neha-rajpal/IEIN009421|title = Neha Rajpal - Movies, Biography, News, Age & Photos}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/playback-singer/neha-rajpal|title = Bollywood Playback Singer Neha Rajpal Biography, News, Photos, Videos}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://maharashtratimes.com/maharashtra/thane-kokan-news/navi-mumbai/dr-neha-rajpal/amp_articleshow/48244421.cms|title = नवी मुंबई लाभदायी}}</ref>

She was trained in [[Hindustani classical music|classical vocals]] by Guru Vibhavari Bandhavkar of [[Kirana gharana]].

She was trained in light music by music director Anil Mohile.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/Remembering-A-Master/907215/ Unknown]{{Dead link|date=February 2022 | fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>

== Career ==
* Her first playback song was 'Din Din [[Diwali]]' from Marathi Film 'Manus' under the music direction of Mr. Anil Mohile.
* Her major Hindi film song was 'Ek Baicheni' from [[Nayee Padosan]] of [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]].
* Her single 'Bekarar'<ref name="Bekarar Single">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zKV0Qmsr2WU|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref> in Hindi was penned by her husband Akash Rajpal who is a writer in the Indian film industry and a healthcare professional. The song had been released digitally by Strawberry Records India.<ref name="Bekarar Single"/>
* Her famous songs include:
** Mann He Bavare a single made by her own production house "Neha Rajpal Productions"<ref name="Mann he Bavare">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T5lTC7UHVpo|title = - YouTube|website = [[YouTube]]}}</ref><ref name="Mann he Bavare (TOI)">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Mangesh-Borgaonkar-and-Neha-Rajpal-to-gift-fans-a-new-tune/articleshow/29858114.cms|title = Mangesh Borgaonkar and Neha Rajpal to gift fans a new tune - Times of India|website = [[The Times of India]]| last1=Deshmukh | first1=Gayatri }}</ref><ref name="Mann he Bavare (MaTa)">{{Cite web|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/college-club/Mangesh-Borgaonkar/articleshow/30349437.cms|title='मन हे बावरे...'|access-date=31 July 2014|archive-date=9 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209154420/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/college-club/mangesh-borgaonkar/articleshow/30349437.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>
**'Fulnara Mausam from Mukkam Post London'<ref name="zeemarathi1">{{Cite web| url=http://www.zeemarathi.com/ZeeGaurav_Nominations_PDF/ZGauravWinners.pdf | title=Parachute Jasmine presented Zee Gaurav Award 2008 | access-date=6 November 2011 | archive-date=7 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107070755/http://zeemarathi.com/ZeeGaurav_Nominations_PDF/ZGauravWinners.pdf | url-status=dead}}</ref>
** Tu Manat from Fakt Ladha Manha
** Oth Olavle from Shubh Mangal Savadhan
** De-Dhakka from De-Dhakka
** Maharashtra Geet from Mee Shivaji Raaje Boltoe'
** Madaalasa me tujhi menaka from Satya Savitree Satyawan<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126093440/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15019248.cms मुंबई टाइम्स टीम]</ref>
** Khamoshiyan TV Serial Title Track on Star Plus
** Anubhuti concert<ref>{{Cite web | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716094512/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7408734,prtpage-1.cms | url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7408734,prtpage-1.cms | archive-date=2012-07-16 | title=संगीताच्या जादूने मोहरणार ठाणेकर | language=mr | trans-title=Thanekar will be captivated by the magic of music}}</ref>
** Ganesh Dudu Dudu dhavat ye (Mangal Murti Ashtavinayak Album on T-series)<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6521202,prtpage-1.cms | title=गणेशभक्तीची सुरेल भेट | trans-title=A beautiful gift of Ganesh devotion | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826123120/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6521202,prtpage-1.cms | archive-date=26 August 2014 }}</ref>
** Madalasa (Satya Savitri Satyavan film)<ref>[https://archive.today/20130126093440/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15019248.cms मुंबई टाइम्स टीम संगतकार ते संगीतकार… - A companist and musician…]</ref>
** Film Nati<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091405/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/29866967.cms?prtpage=1 संगतकार ते संगीतकार… - Accompanist and musician…]</ref>
** Mann he bavare Featured in Gaane Manatale section of Maharashtra Times <ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091343/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/33787940.cms?prtpage=1 मन बावरं करणारं गाणं - A heart-wrenching song]</ref>
** Film [[Campus Katta]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091350/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/32793190.cms?prtpage=1 कँपस कट्टाच्या संगीताची धूम - The music of the campus band]</ref>
** Dhinchyack Bollywood songs in Marathi on Tseries<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091417/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/cine-news/Bollywood-songs-translated-in-marathi/articleshow/26536231.cms ढिंच्यॅक गाणी मायबोलीत! - Dhinchyak songs in my language!]</ref>
** Navara Majha Bhavara film song<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091400/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/msid-18035445,prtpage-1.cms एक गाणं, ४४ सिनेमे - One song, 44 movies]</ref>
** Khamoshiyaan title track<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091429/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/msid-17593552,prtpage-1.cms निलेश मोहरीरच्या पदरी 'खामोशी'च - 'Silence' is the name of Nilesh Mohir's path]</ref>
** Collegechya kattyawar<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091355/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5328369.cms आठवणींच्या कट्ट्यावर... - On the edge of memories...]</ref>
** Pune via Bihar<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091420/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/moviearticleshow/29912817.cms 'पुणे व्हाया बिहार'ची यशस्वी घौडदौड - 'Pune Via Bihar' successful run]</ref>
** Arre Awaz konacha film<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091401/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/movie-masti/moviearticleshow/23006995.cms वास्तवदर्शी ‘अरे आवाज कोणाचा...’ - Reality-telling ‘Oh, whose voice is that...’]</ref>
** Me Shivaji Raje bhosale bolatoy<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091419/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/rssarticleshow/4357306.cms मी शिवाजीराजे भोसले बोलतोय.. - I am speaking Shivajiraje Bhosale..]</ref>
** Balak Palak<ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091408/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/17481144.cms पालक आणि मुलांमध्ये हवे मैत्रीचे नाते - A friendly relationship is needed between parents and children.]</ref>
** Diwali pahat prog with Anil Mohile n Pandit Hridaynath Mangeshkar <ref>[https://archive.today/20141010091355/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/6868125.cms दिवाळी पहाटे सूर बरसे... - Diwali morning sounds...]</ref>
** Ek hazarachi note<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Ek-Hazarachi-Note/articleshow/34830477.cms | title=Ek Hazarachi Note | website=indiatimes.com | date=May 18, 2014}}</ref>
** Tujhi majhi lovestory<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Shruti-attends-a-song-recording/articleshow/34205344.cms | title=Shruti attends a song recording | website=indiatimes.com | date=May 10, 2014}}</ref>
** Bhatukali<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Bhatukali/articleshow/36441096.cms | title=Bhatukali | website=indiatimes.com | date=Jun 12, 2014}}</ref>
** Vatsalya<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/marathi/music/Vatsalya/articleshow/34688411.cms | title=Vatsalya | website=indiatimes.com | date=May 7, 2014}}</ref>
** Time please<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://photogallery.indiatimes.com/events/mumbai/time-please-first-look/articleshow/20518955.cms | title=Time Please: First Look | website=indiatimes.com}}</ref>
* She has sung a song 'Ek Bechainee'in Shankar Ehsaan Loy's Hindi Film ''[[Nayee Padosan]]''.
* Nehha performed live at the Ashwamedh Marathi Fusion Concert where she sang yesteryear Marathi melodies on modern fusion arrangements created by noted Indian classical instrumentalist [[Abhijit Pohankar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7408734,prtpage-1.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120716094512/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7408734,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2012 |title=संगीताच्या जादूने मोहरणार ठाणेकर-ठाणे + कोकण-महाराष्ट्र- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=2 February 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2012 }}</ref>
* Nehha performed during the Diwali Pahat along with other sinor industry colleagues like Padmaja Fenade and other. The event was performed live in front of eminent personalities like the Mayor of Mumbai and political leaders. The event was conducted by Music Director Anil Mohile.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10435802.cms |title=दादर स्विमिंग पूलवर दिवाळी पहाट-मुंबई -महाराष्ट्र- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=21 October 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826130126/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/10435802.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Neha has sung various songs in the [[Marathi language|Marathi]] [[Ganpati]] Albums 'Ganesha dudu dudu dhavat ye (गणेशा दुडू दुडू धावत ये) and Mangalmurtir Ashtavinayak (मंगलमूतीर् अष्टविनायक)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6521202,prtpage-1.cms |title=गणेशभक्तीची सुरेल भेट-चित्र-संगीत-मैफल- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=9 September 2010 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826123120/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-6521202,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Various songs of Nehha can be heard on a music aggregation site<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reverbnation.com/play_now/12033067 |title=ek shubhankar geet,nehha,nilesh,madhri,mangesh,Dr Vijaya Wad by Nehha Rajpal |publisher=Reverbnation.com |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref>
* Various live musical performances of Nehha can be viewed on video aggregation sites<ref>{{cite web |author=musicandsoul |url=https://www.youtube.com/indialive |title=Kanaal van musicandsoul |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref>
* She launched her maiden production venture "Neha Rajpal Productions" through a song titled "Mann He Bavare", a Marathi Single with its video on 14 February 2014. The song launched on [[9x Jhakaas]] and [[Radio City (Indian radio station)]] on the same day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/college-club/Mangesh-Borgaonkar/articleshow/30349437.cms |title=मन हे बावरे... |work=Maharashtra Times |date=14 February 2014 |access-date=31 July 2014 |archive-date=9 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209154420/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/college-club/mangesh-borgaonkar/articleshow/30349437.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Her "Neha Rajpal Productions" has produced the popular poetry section called "Jhakaas Kavita" on [[9x Jhakaas]]<ref>{{cite web |author=Neha RajpalProductions |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FWpcwbXNFY |title=Jhakaas Kavita |publisher=YouTube}}</ref>

=== Awards and Trophies ===
* Neha's route to fame was winning the prestigious Hindi [[Zee TV]] reality Music show – [[Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Hindi|Saregamapa]] in 2004.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://mypage.rediff.com/comments/rediff.com:6578363?n=5 |title=Kushal Choudhary: Profile - Rediff MyPage : 6578363 |work=Rediff.com |accessdate=10 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/music_newupdatearticle.php?conid=1926 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106183202/http://planetradiocity.com/musicopedia/music_newupdatearticle.php?conid=1926 |url-status=usurped |archive-date=6 January 2010 |title=Neha Rajpal | Singers Biography |publisher=Planetradiocity.com |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref>
* Neha has won several awards including the prestigious [[Zee Gaurav Puraskar]] for best Female Playback Singing in year 2008 for her song "Fulnara Mausam" from film "Mukkam post London".<ref name="zeemarathi1"/>

=== Judge / Anchor / Host ===
* Nehha is a longest-serving anchor of a popular Marathi TV show on the [[DD Sahyadri|Doordarshan Sahyadri]] channel, hosting the popular musical game show '[[Antakshari]]'.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nettv4u.com/celebrity/hindi/playback-singer/neha-rajpal|title=Hindi Playback Singer Neha Rajpal Biography, News, Photos, Videos|website=nettv4u}}</ref> She has had different co- anchors over a period of time including the veteran [[Prashant Damle]], and comedian [[Atul Parchure]].
* She judged the first season of "Gaurav Maharashtracha" of saibaba telefilms for ETV Marathi along with Swapnil Bandodkar and Abhijit Pohankar.

==Marathi songs==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%"
! Year !! Film !! Song name !! Composer !! Co-singer(s)
|-
|2010
|''Huppa Huiyya''
| "Vakda Tikda"|| rowspan="2" |[[Ajit Parab]] || [[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
|-
|2011
|''[[Fakta Ladh Mhana]]''
|"Tu Manat Tu"
|[[Swapnil Bandodkar]], [[Ajit Parab]]
|-
|2013
|''[[Nati (film)|Nati]]''
|"Hur Hur Hi" "Chatak Matak"
|Nikhil Mahamuni
|[[Javed Ali]] Anand Shinde
|-
|2014
|''[[Ishq Wala Love]]''
|"Beating Beating"
|[[S. J. Suryah|S.J Suryah]]
|[[Abhijeet Sawant]] Kirti Killedar
|-
|2015
|''[[Kaakan]]''
|"Kaakan"
| Ajay Singha
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]]
|-
|2016
|''[[Photocopy (film)|Photocopy]]''
|"Tu Jithe Mi Tithe"
|[[Nilesh Moharir]]
|[[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
|-
|2017
|''[[Tula Kalnnaar Nahi]]''
|"Tula Kalnnaar Nahi"
|[[Amitraj]]
|[[Swapnil Bandodkar]]
|}

== Honours ==
* She was given the opportunity to inaugurate the Maharashtra Times Carnival along with a well known celebrity Mr [[Abhishek Bachchan]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11083355.cms |title=कल्लावेरी बी-कॉलेज क्लब -यंग झोन- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=13 December 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826133132/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11083355.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* She has inaugurated the release of a music compilation 'Nile Akash' of poet Shankar Pandit<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5581653,prtpage-1.cms |title='निळे आकाश'चे प्रकाशन-ठाणे + कोकण-महाराष्ट्र- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=17 February 2010 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826153200/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-5581653,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Marathi Abhimaangeet]]
** Nehha was part of the historic Marathi song (created by Eminent Music director [[Kaushal Inamdar]]) where more than 450 accomplished singers come together to single song to make this song a collage of melodious voices.
* Nehha was given the opportunity to inaugurate the prestigious [[Marathi Vishwakosh]] (Third Edition) (Marathi language encyclopaedia)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11414622.cms |title=विश्वकोशाचा तिसरा खंड प्रकाशित-मुंबई -महाराष्ट्र- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=9 January 2012 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826193329/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/11414622.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marathivishwakosh.in/ |title=Home |website=marathivishwakosh.in}}</ref> along with prominent dignitaries like Former [[Mumbai University]] [[Dnyaneshwar Vidyapeeth|Vice-Chancellor]] Dr. Snehalata Deshmukh and others
* Nehha was featured in a leading newspaper among prominent playback singers of Marathi Music Industry. The article speaks about the changing trends in [[Marathi people|Marathi]] music and how the singers like Nehha have shaped it with experimentation<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7915434,prtpage-1.cms |title=आवाज दे कहां है-सिनेमॅजिक -मैफल- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=9 April 2011 |accessdate=10 February 2012 |archive-date=26 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826171732/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-7915434,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Nehha got the honour of composing a song "माझी मराठी मराठी... तिचे कौतुक कौतुक" written for the Marathi Encyclopedia Project of Government of India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/12189625.cms |title=विश्वकोशाच्या प्रमोशनसाठी आता स्वरसाज- |work=Maharashtra Times |date=9 March 2012 |accessdate=24 March 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* Nehha got the honour of being a guest editor of Lokmat news papers on occasion of women's day on 8 March 2013 .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epaper.lokmat.com/newsview.aspx?eddate=03/08/2013&pageno=1&edition=39&prntid=13620&bxid=26135062&pgno=1cms |title=Lokmat Women's Day Special |publisher=Lokmat.com |date=8 March 2013}}</ref>
* Release of Third khand of Vishwakosh
* MaharashtraTimes celebrity female cricket<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/tv/cricket/articleshow/27433661.cms | title=आधी हल्ला... मग कल्ला | trans-title=First attack... then kill | website=indiatimes.com | language=mr | access-date=10 October 2014 | archive-date=26 October 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026064628/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/tv/cricket/articleshow/27433661.cms | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Movie production==
Neha Rajpal has produced the movie ''[[Photocopy (film)|Photocopy]]'' under her banner "Neha Rajpal Productions" which got released in partnership with Viacom18.

== Others ==
* Nehha participated in the [[World AIDS Day]] Rally organised by Dr L H Hiranandani Hospital at [[Powai]], [[Mumbai]] to spread awareness on HIV and AIDS. She performed live at the event along with Indian Idol Winner [[Abhijeet Sawant]] and 2005 [[Sa Re Ga Pa Ma]] finalists<ref>{{cite web |author=Pramodpics |url=http://pracha2004.blogspot.in/2005/12/aids-getting-awareness-aid-from-your.html |title=प्रमोदच्या न्यूज़ जगतात आपले स्वागत आहे: AIDS Getting 'Awareness Aid' From Your Family Hospital |publisher=Pracha2004.blogspot.in |date=5 December 2005 |accessdate=10 February 2012}}</ref>
* Nehha is a Director in a Social Enterprise organisation called "Ekohealth"<ref>{{Cite web | title=CNBC Interview of Dr Nehha Rajpal with Dr Naresh Trehan | url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/video/features/naresh-trehan-how-to-make-affordable-healthcarereality_736904.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062454/http://www.moneycontrol.com/video/features/naresh-trehan-how-to-make-affordable-healthcarereality_736904.html | archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref>
*Nehha Rajpal has also sung famous serial's title song Yeh Aap Beeti hai of Aap Beeti Serial.

== Awards ==
* [[Maharashtra State Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] at the 52nd [[Maharashtra State Film Awards]], for the song "Kakan" from the film ''[[Kaakan]]''.
*[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Playback Singer – Female]] For Song Phulnara Masum tu From the Movie Mukkam Post London.
*[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Playback Singer – Female]] For Song Kaakan From the Movie [[Kaakan]].
*[[Zee Chitra Gaurav Puraskar for Best Playback Singer – Female]] For Song Tu jithe mi tithe From the Movie [[Photocopy]].
* Chitra padarpan Puraskar 2016 - Best Lyricist (Photocopy)
* Chitra padarpan Puraskar 2016 - Best Music Composer(Photocopy)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/chitra-padarpan-purskar/articleshow/57880568.cms|title=रंगला 'चित्र पदार्पण पुरस्कार' सोहळा|access-date=1 April 2017|archive-date=1 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401150023/http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/pune-news/chitra-padarpan-purskar/articleshow/57880568.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.neharajpal.com Official website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajpal, Neha}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Bengali musicians]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Marathi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:People from Dombivali]]
[[Category:Women musicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Singers from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Sa_Re_Ga_Ma_Pa_winners]]

Warisaliganj Assembly constituency

2026-04-22T17:13:35Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Bihar}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Warisaliganj
| state = [[Bihar]]
| constituency_no = 239
| established = 1951
| district = [[Nawada district|Nawada]]
| reservation = None
| loksabha_cons = [[Nawada Lok Sabha constituency|Nawada]]
| mla = [[Anita Mahto]]
| party = {{Party index link|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|Mahagathbandhan (Bihar)}}
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| type= SLA
}}
'''Warisaliganj Assembly constituency''' is one of 243 constituencies of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly of Bihar]]. It is part of [[Nawada (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nawada]] Lok Sabha constituency.<ref name="election2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/bihar/parliamentary-constituencies/nawada.html | title=Nawada Parliamentary Constituencies | publisher=elections.in | access-date=10 March 2014}}</ref>

==Overview==
Warisaliganj comprises CD Blocks Warisaliganj, Kashichak and Pakribarawan.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2013-12-20 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1952 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Chetu Ram
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[1957 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |Ramkishun Singh
|-
| [[1962 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|-
| [[1967 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" |Deo Nandan Prasad
| {{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1969 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|-
| [[1972 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Shyam Sunder Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (O)}}
|-
| [[1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| Ram Ratan Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| rowspan="2" |Bandi Shankar Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1985 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Deo Nandan Prasad
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| [[1995 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Ramashray Prasad Singh
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Aruna Devi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[February 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
|{{Full party name with color|Lok Janshakti Party}}
|-
| [[October 2005 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2005]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pradeep Mahto]]
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Dal (United)|dab=y}}
|-
| [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Aruna Devi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Anita Mahto]]
|{{Full party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|-
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Warsaliganj<ref name="2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Warisaliganj">{{cite news |title=2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly Election Result: Warisaliganj |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04239.htm |access-date=19 November 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119180222/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2025/candidateswise-S04239.htm |archive-date=19 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Anita Mahto]]
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:97833}}
|percentage = 48.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Aruna Devi]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:90290}}|percentage=44.96|change=+8.47}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Umesh Prasad|party=Jan Suraaj Party|votes={{formatnum:1626}}|percentage=1.41|change=New}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|votes={{formatnum:4102}}|percentage=2.04|change=-0.3}}
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:7543}}|percentage=3.76|change=-1.51}}
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:200814}}|percentage=58.11|change=+9.36}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Warisaliganj<ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aruna Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:62451}}
|percentage = 36.49
|change = -14.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Satish Kumar]]
|votes = {{formatnum:53421}}
|percentage = 31.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Arti Sinha
|votes = {{formatnum:39363}}
|percentage = 23.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Rajendra Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:4755}}
|percentage = 2.78
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Jan Jan Party
|candidate = Sumit Raj
|votes = {{formatnum:2382}}
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:4010}}
|percentage = 2.34
|change = -0.55
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:9030}}
|percentage = 5.27
|change = -6.36
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:171126}}
|percentage = 48.75
|change = -3.07
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Warisaliganj<ref name="Warsaliganj Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Warsaliganj Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/warsaliganj |access-date=19 November 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251119180226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/warsaliganj |archive-date=19 November 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Aruna Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:85912}}
|percentage = 51.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Janata Dal (United)|candidate=Pradeep Mahto|votes={{formatnum:66385}}|percentage=39.56|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Communist Party of India|candidate=Ram Kishore Sharma|votes={{formatnum:3548}}|percentage=2.11|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)|candidate=Rajiv Kumar|votes={{formatnum:3118}}|percentage=1.86|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Independent|candidate=Sindhu Sharma|votes={{formatnum:2822}}|percentage=1.68|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|votes={{formatnum:4851}}|percentage=2.89|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes={{formatnum:19527}}|percentage=11.63|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes={{formatnum:167821}}|percentage=51.82|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}

[[Category:Politics of Nawada district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Bihar]]

Parihar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:32:44Z

LeonorColangelo: creating post

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Parihar
|type= SLA
| map_image = 25-Parihar constituency.svg
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Devi]]
|party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|preceded_by = Ram Naresh Prasad Yadav
|region =
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Sitamarhi district|Sitamarhi]]
|division = [[Tirhut division|Tirhut]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|5. Sitamarhi]]
|constituency_no = [[List of constituencies of the Bihar Legislative Assembly|25]]
|established = 2008
| electors = 324,889
|reservation = None
|abolished = 
}}
'''Parihar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Sitamarhi district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].

==Overview==
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 25. Parihar Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Parihar [[Community Development Block in India|community development block]]; [[Sonbarsa, Sitamarhi|Sonbarsa]], Purandaha Rajwara Paschimi, Purandaha Rajwara Purvi, Indarwa, Pipra Parsain, Jainagar, Madhiya, Singhwahini, Bhaluaha, Bishunpur Aadhar and Dostia [[gram panchayat]]s of Sonbarsha CD Block.<ref name=commission>{{cite web|url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |title = Schedule – XIII of Constituencies Order, 2008 of Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008 of the Election Commission of India|work= Schedule VI Bihar, Part A – Assembly constituencies, Part B – Parliamentary constituencies |access-date = 2011-01-10 }}</ref>

Parihar Assembly constituency is part of 5. [[Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=commission/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|colspan="4"|{{center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
|[[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2010]]
|Ram Naresh Prasad Yadav
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
|[[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Devi]]
|-
|[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
|[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|-
|}

==Election results==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Parihar<ref name="election2025"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Devi]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:82644}}
|percentage = 39.36
|change = {{decrease}}3.16
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Ritu Jaiswal]]
|party = Independent
|votes = {{formatnum:65455}}
|percentage = 31.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Smita Gupta
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|votes = {{formatnum:48534}}
|percentage = 23.11
|change = {{decrease}}18.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha
|party = Jan Suraaj Party
|votes = {{formatnum:3217}}
|percentage = 1.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|candidate = Akhilesh Narayan Thakur
|votes = {{formatnum:2013}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Ram Vinod Nayak
|votes = {{formatnum:1964}}
|percentage = 0.94
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2379}}
|percentage = 1.13
|change = {{decrease}}0.95
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:17189}}
|percentage = 8.19
|change = {{increase}}7.28
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:209977}}
|percentage = 64.63
|change = {{increase}}10.25
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly election, 2020]]: Parihar<ref name=election2025>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="election2020">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2020 |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/12787-bihar-legislative-election-2020/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:73420}}
|percentage = 42.52
|change = +1.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Ritu Jaiswal]]
|votes = {{formatnum:71851}}
|percentage = 41.61
|change = +3.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Samta Party
|candidate = Amjad Hussain Anwar
|votes = {{formatnum:9968}}
|percentage = 5.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Sarita Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:4164}}
|percentage = 2.41
|change = -2.5
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jay Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:1993}}
|percentage = 1.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Bhushan Prasad
|votes = {{formatnum:1587}}
|percentage = 0.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3590}}
|percentage = 2.08
|change = -0.14
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:1569}}
|percentage = 0.91
|change = -1.56
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:172663}}
|percentage = 54.38
|change = -2.99
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2015 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]: Parihar<ref name=election2015>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3904-bihar-2015/ |title=Bihar General Legislative Election 2015 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=11 February 2021 |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Parihar Constituency Election Results 2015 - 2025">{{cite news |title=Parihar Constituency Election Results 2025: Parihar Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/parihar |access-date=26 December 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=14 November 2025 |location=https://web.archive.org/web/20251226191431/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/bihar/constituency-show/parihar |language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gayatri Devi (Bihar politician)|Gayatri Devi]]
|votes = {{formatnum:66388}}
|percentage = 40.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Janata Dal
|candidate = Ram Chandra Purve
|votes = {{formatnum:62371}}
|percentage = 38.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)
|candidate = Sarita Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:8005}}
|percentage = 4.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Nilam Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:6794}}
|percentage = 4.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mohd. Shams Shahnawaz
|votes = {{formatnum:2822}}
|percentage = 1.73
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Devendra Thakur
|votes = {{formatnum:2631}}
|percentage = 1.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Md. Nazamuddin Ansari
|votes = {{formatnum:2405}}
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent
|candidate = Jai Narayan Mahto
|votes = {{formatnum:1773}}
|percentage = 1.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:3618}}
|percentage = 2.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:4017}}
|percentage = 2.47
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:163042}}
|percentage = 57.37
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Bihar Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/68-bihar/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Bihar}}
{{Tirhut Division topics}}
{{coord|26|42|26|N|85|39|34|E|region:IN-{{IndAbbr|[[Bihar]]}}|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Bihar]]
[[Category:Politics of Sitamarhi district]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Edakkad Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:34:42Z

LeonorColangelo: creating first data and citations - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Kerala Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Edakkad
| established = 1965
| abolished = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = 1,60,984 (2006)<ref name="e2006"/>
| district = [[Kannur district|Kannur]]
| type = SLA
| state = Kerala
}}
'''Edakkad''' was one of the 140 [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies in [[Kerala]] state in southern [[India]], before the [[Delimitation Commission of India|2008 delimitation of constituencies]]. It was one of the seven [[Kerala Legislative Assembly|state legislative assembly]] constituencies included in [[Kannur Lok Sabha constituency]] until the 2008 delimitation.<ref name="a">{{cite web
|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/
|website = eci.gov.in
|title = Constituencies (1976-2008)
}}</ref> The last election to the constituency was conducted in [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]], and the MLA was [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]] of [[Congress (Secular)]].

After the delimitation in 2008, [[Chelora]], [[Edakkad]], and [[Munderi (Kannur)|Munderi]] [[Gram Panchayat]]s became a part of [[Kannur Assembly constituency]], whereas [[Anjarakkandy]], Chembilode, Kadambur, [[Muzhappilangad]], and [[Peralasseri]] were added to the newly formed [[Dharmadam Assembly constituency]].<ref name="b">{{cite web
|url = http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kannur.html
|website = www.ceo.kerala.gov.in
|title = Local Self Governments in Assembly Constituencies of Kannur District
|access-date = 7 March 2021
|archive-date = 23 April 2021
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210423160037/http://www.ceo.kerala.gov.in/kannur.html
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>

Edakkad Assembly constituency came into existence in 1965. It was created by replacing Cannanore-II Assembly constituency which had existed from 1957 to 1965.

==Local self-governed segments==
Edakkad Assembly constituency was composed of the following local self-governed segments:<ref name="a"/><ref name="b"/>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!width="20px" |Sl no.
!width="100px" |Name
!width="130px" |Status ([[Gram panchayat|Grama panchayat]]/[[Municipality]])
!width="50px" |[[Tehsil|Taluk]]
!width="175px" |Now part of
|-
|1
|[[Chelora]]
|Grama panchayat
|[[Kannur taluk|Kannur]]
|[[Kannur (State Assembly constituency)|Kannur constituency]]
|-
|2
|[[Edakkad]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Kannur (State Assembly constituency)|Kannur constituency]]
|-
|3
|[[Munderi (Kannur)|Munderi]]
|Grama Panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Kannur (State Assembly constituency)|Kannur constituency]]
|-
|4
|[[Anjarakkandy]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadam constituency]]
|-
|5
|Chembilode
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadam constituency]]
|-
|6
|Kadambur
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadam constituency]]
|-
|7
|[[Muzhappilangad]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadam constituency]]
|-
|8
|[[Peralasseri]]
|Grama panchayat
|Kannur
|[[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)|Dharmadam constituency]]
|}

The [[Gram panchayat]]s of [[Chelora]] and [[Edakkad]] has now merged with the [[Kannur Municipal Corporation]] in 2015.

==Election history==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:16px"
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Election
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" |Votes polled
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan=4 |Winner
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan=4 |Runner-up 1
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan=4 |Runner-up 2
! style="background-color:#666666; color:white" colspan="2"|Margin of victory
|-
! Year
!
! Name
! Party
! colspan="2"|Votes
! Name
! Party
! colspan="2"|Votes
! Name
! Party
! colspan="2"|Votes
! Votes
! Percent
|-
| colspan =17|[[Delimitation Commission of India|'''''Constituency defunct as a result of delimitation (2011)''''']]
|-
! [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| 125022 (77.7%)
| [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Congress (Secular)}}|[[Congress (Secular)|Cong(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 72579
| 58.07%
| K. C. Kadambooran
| {{legend2|{{party color|Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)}}|[[Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)|DIC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 41907
| 33.53%
| N. K. E. Chandrasekharan Master
| {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 4334
| 3.47%
| 30672
| 24.54%<ref name="e2006">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3762-kerala-2006/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2006 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| 129807 (81.4%)
| [[M. V. Jayarajan]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 65835
| 50.74%
| [[N Ramakrishnan]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 60506
| 46.63%
| R. V. Sreekanth
| {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 2440
| 1.88%
| 5329
| 4.11%<ref name="e2001">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3760-kerala-2001/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 2001 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1996 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| 116603 (78.0%)
| [[M. V. Jayarajan]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 59239
| 51.52%
| A. D. Musthafa
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 51955
| 45.18%
| U. T. Jayanandan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 3049
| 2.65%
| 7284
| 6.34%<ref name="e1996">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3759-kerala-1996/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1996 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991]]**
| 112591 (83.1%)
| O. Bharathan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 54965
| 49.02%
| [[K. Sudhakaran]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 54746
| 48.83%
| P. Krishnan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 2413
| 2.15%
| 219
| 0.19%<ref name="e1991">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3758-kerala-1991/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1991 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
| 92235 (85.5%)
| O. Bharathan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 45008
| 49.00%
| A. P. Jayaseelan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 41012
| 44.65%
| M. K. Saseendran
| {{legend2|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 3832
| 4.17%
| 3996
| 4.35%<ref name="e1987">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3756-kerala-1987/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1987 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1982 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
| 73217 (80.5%)
| [[A. K. Saseendran]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)|IC(S)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 38837
| 53.38%
| [[K. Sudhakaran]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 31294
| 43.02%
| K. V. Mohanan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent politician|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 1261
| 1.73%
| 7543
| 10.36%<ref name="e1982">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3755-kerala-1982/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1982 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1980 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| 70913 (80.1%)
| P. P. V. Moosa
| {{legend2|{{party color|All-India Muslim League}}|[[Muslim League (Opposition)|AIML]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 39843
| 56.37%
| [[K. Sudhakaran]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Janata Party}}|[[Janata Party|JNP]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 29886
| 42.28%
| K. V. Koran
| {{legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 617
| 0.87%
| 9957
| 14.09%<ref name="e1980">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3754-kerala-1980/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1980 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1977 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| 67594 (83.8%)
| P. P. V. Moosa
| {{legend2|{{party color|All-India Muslim League}}|[[Muslim League (Opposition)|ML(O)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 34266
| 51.91%
| [[N Ramakrishnan]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 30947
| 46.88%
| P. P. Mammu Saheb
| {{legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 394
| 0.60%
| 3319
| 5.03%<ref name="e1977">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3753-kerala-1977/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1977 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
| colspan =17|[[Delimitation Commission of India|'''''Major delimitation of constituency''''']]
|-
! [[1970 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1970]]
| 64164 (81.3%)
| [[N Ramakrishnan]]
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 31199
| 49.06%
| C. Kannan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 27559
| 43.34%
| T. K. Sreenivasan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress (Organisation)}}|[[Indian National Congress (Organisation)|NC(O)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 4835
| 7.60%
| 3640
| 5.72%<ref name="e1970">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3752-kerala-1970/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1970 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1967 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| 56372 (82.4%)
| C. Kannan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 32563
| 58.99%
| P. P. Lakshmanan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 22125
| 40.08%
| A. P. C. Moidu
| {{legend2|{{party color|Independent politician}}|[[Independent (politician)|Ind.]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 512
| 0.93%
| 10348
| 18.91%<ref name="e1967">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3751-kerala-1967/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1967 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|-
! [[1965 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1965]]
| 54771 (81.7%)
| C. Kannan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 30716
| 57.11%
| P. P. Lakshmanan
| {{legend2|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|border=solid 1px #AAAAAA}}
| 23072
| 42.89%
| colspan=4|''Only two candidates contested''
| 7644
| 14.22%<ref name="e1965">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3749-kerala-1965/ |website=eci.gov.in |title= Kerala Niyamasabha election 1965 |access-date=11 January 2021}}</ref>
|}
<nowiki>**</nowiki> The [[1991 Kerala Legislative Assembly election|1991 Legislative Assembly election]] to Edakkad was declared void by [[Kerala High Court]] for [[Electoral malpractice]] and [[K. Sudhakaran]] was declared as the winner on 14 August 1992. This decision was upheld by [[Supreme Court of India]] in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1658472/|title=O. Bharathan vs K. Sudhakaran And Another on 6 February, 1996|website=indiankanoon.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Members - Kerala Legislature |url=http://www.niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m085.htm |access-date=2023-12-21 |website=www.niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

==Election results==
Percentage change (±%) denotes the change in the number of votes from the immediate previous election.

=== 2006===
There were 1,60,984 registered voters in Edakkad Constituency for the 2006 Kerala Niyamasabha Election.<ref name="e2006"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Edakkad]]<ref name="e2006"/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Congress (Secular)
|candidate = [[Kadannappalli Ramachandran]]
|votes = 72,579
|percentage = 58.07%
|change = {{gain}}58.07
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Democratic Indira Congress (Karunakaran)
|candidate = K. C. Kadambooran
|votes = 41,907
|percentage = 33.53%
|change = {{gain}}33.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = N. K. E. Chandrasekharan Master
|votes = 4,334
|percentage = 3.47%
|change = {{gain}}1.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = M. V. Pradeep Kumar
|votes = 3,471
|percentage = 2.78%
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = C. M. Ramachandran
|votes = 2,700
|percentage = 2.16%
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 30,672
|percentage = 24.54%
|change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,25,022
|percentage = 77.66%
|change = {{loss}}3.70
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Congress (Secular)
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2001===
There were 1,59,551 registered voters in Edakkad Constituency for the 2001 Kerala Niyamasabha Election.<ref name="e2001"/>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2001 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Edakkad]]<ref name="e2001"/>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = [[M. V. Jayarajan]]
|votes = 65,835
|percentage = 50.74%
|change = {{loss}}0.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[N Ramakrishnan]]
|votes = 60,506
|percentage = 46.63%
|change = {{gain}}1.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = R. V. Sreekanth
|votes = 2,440
|percentage = 1.88%
|change = {{loss}}0.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = K. P. Sureshan
|votes = 968
|percentage = 0.75%
|change =''N/A''
}}
{{Election box margin of victory|
|votes = 5,329
|percentage = 4.11%
|change = {{loss}}2.23
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,29,807
|percentage = 81.36%
|change = {{gain}}3.40
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = {{loss}}2.23
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Edakkad]]
* [[Kannur (State Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Dharmadam (State Assembly constituency)]]
* [[Kannur district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Kerala Legislative Assembly]]
* [[2006 Kerala Legislative Assembly election]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Kerala Assembly Constituencies}}
{{coords|11.81|75.44|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Kerala]]
[[Category:Politics of Kannur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1965]]
[[Category:1965 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

Kulaihower Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:29:31Z

LeonorColangelo: New.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kulaihower
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1963
| abolished = 1972
| electors = 17,645
| mla = Mongchabai Mog
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Kulaihower''' was an assembly constituency in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || G. Dewan || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Mongchabai Mog
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Kulaihower<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Mongchabai Mog |party=Indian National Congress |votes=6,380 |percentage=55.81% |change={{decrease}}1.24 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dinesh Debbarma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=4,662 |percentage=40.78% |change={{decrease}}2.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashadhan Kalai |party=Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti |votes=390 |percentage=3.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,718 |percentage=15.03% |change= {{increase}}0.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,432 |percentage=67.21% |change= {{increase}}8.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 17,645 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}32.39 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}1.24 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: Kulaihower<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006135955/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Tripura%201967.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=G. Dewan |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,406 |percentage=57.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=D. D. Barma |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=6,329 |percentage=42.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,077 |percentage=14.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=14,735 |percentage=58.90% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,097 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
{{coord|23.95|91.83|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1963]]
[[Category:1963 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}
{{India-constituency-stub}}

Binpur Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T08:40:37Z

LeonorColangelo: creating first entry basic info - done

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Binpur
| type= SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Binpur.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Binpur Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Jhargram district|Jhargram]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhargram]]
| constituency_no = 237
| established = 1951
| reservation = ST
| abolished =
| mla = [[Debnath Hansda]]
| party = [[All India Trinamool Congress]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 179,732
}}
'''Binpur''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Jhargram district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled tribes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 237 Binpur Assembly constituency (ST) is composed of the following: [[Binpur II]] and [[Jamboni (community development block)|Jamboni]] [[CD block|CD Block]].<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 dated 15 February 2006 |access-date=2010-10-15 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Binpur Assembly constituency is part of No. 33 [[Jhargram (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name=delimitation/>
== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Mangal Chandra Saren
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Nripendra Gopal Mitra
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Sudhir Kumar Pandey
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Jamadar Hansda
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|rowspan="2"|Mangal Chandra Saren
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Joyram Soren
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Shyam Charan Murmu
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Joyram Soren
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan="2"|Sambhu Nath Mandi
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=3|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|Durga Tudu
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Naren Hansda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)|rowspan=2|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|Sambhu Nath Mandi
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|[[Chunibala Hansda]]
|{{Full party name with color|Jharkhand Party (Naren)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|Dibakar Hansda
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|Khagendranath Hembram
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Debnath Hansda
|}

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Binpur}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Birbaha Hansda
|party = Trinamool Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Pranab Tudu
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rabindra Sardar
|party = Left Front (West Bengal)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = golapi saren
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|party = None of the above (India)
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = {{formatnum:}}
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Binpur}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Debnath Hansda
|votes = 100,277
|percentage = 53.11
|change = -1.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Palan Soren
|votes = 60,783
|percentage = 32.19
|change = +23.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dibakar Hansda
|votes = 8,343
|percentage = 4.42
|change = -22.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Nityalal Sing
|votes = 6,318
|percentage = 3.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Patal Chandra Murmu
|votes = 3,530
|percentage = 1.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 3,305
|percentage = 1.75
|change = -1.22
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bablu Murmu
|votes = 2,685
|percentage = 1.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Mangal Chandra Sardar
|votes = 1,815
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Rajib Mudi
|votes = 1,732
|percentage = 0.92
|change = -0.06
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 188,798
|percentage = 84.27
|change = -0.16
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Binpur (ST) constituency}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = [[Khagendranath Hembram]]
|votes = 95,804
|percentage = 55.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dibakar Hansda
|votes = 46,481
|percentage = 26.72
|change = -14.45
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Murari Mohan Baske
|votes = 15,467
|percentage = 8.89
|change = +3.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party (Naren)
|candidate = Birbaha Hansda
|votes = 7,094
|percentage = 4.08
|change = -31.93
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 5,158
|percentage = 2.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All Jharkhand Students Union
|candidate = Subodh Saren
|votes = 2,250
|percentage = 1.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
|candidate = Rajib Mudi
|votes = 1,701
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 173,955
|percentage = 84.43
|change = +2.35
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Binpur (ST) constituency<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25237.htm |title = Binpur |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-20 |archive-date = 16 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516054752/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25237.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=237| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120526070059/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=237| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 26 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Binpur| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Binpur |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-06 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030813/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_6th_phase.pdf |archive-date = 2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Dibakar Hansda
|votes = 60,728
|percentage = 41.17
|change = -0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Party (Naren)
|candidate = Chunibala Hansda
|votes = 53,128
|percentage = 36.01
|change = -9.86
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Arjun Hansda
|votes = 14,459
|percentage = 9.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = Independent
|candidate = Sukumar Hembram
|votes = 8,715
|percentage = 5.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Panchanan Hansda
|votes = 7,793
|percentage = 5.28
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Amra Bangalee
|candidate = Rampada Hansda
|votes = 2,705
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 147,518
|percentage = 82.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|loser = Jharkhand Party (Naren)
|swing = 9.35
}}
{{Election box end}}
===1977-2006===
In [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006 state assembly elections]], [[Chunibala Hansda]] of Jharkhand Party (Naren) won the Binpur (ST) assembly seat defeating her nearest rival Sambhu Nath Mandi of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Sambhu Nath Mandi of CPI(M) defeated Chunibala Hansda of Jharkhand Party (Naren)/ Independent in 2001. [[Naren Hansda]] of Jharkhand Party (Naren) defeated Durga Tudu of CPI(M) in 1996 and 1991. Durga Tudu of CPI(M) defeated Panchanan Hansda of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] in 1987. Sambhu Nath Mandi of CPI(M) defeated Naren Hansda, Independent, in 1982 and Dakhin Murmu of [[Janata Party]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp232.htm |title = 232 - Binpur (ST) Assembly Constituency |work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India|access-date = 2010-12-20 }}</ref>

===1951-1972===
Joyram Soren of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in 1972. Shyam Charan Murmu of [[Jharkhand Party]] won in 1971. Joyram Soren of CPI won in 1969. Mangal Chandra Saren of Congress won in 1967 and [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. Sudhir Kumar Pandey and Jamadar Hansda, both of CPI, won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. In [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]], Mangal Chandra Saren and Nripendra Gopal Mitra, both of Congress, won the Binpur dual seat.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp | title = Statistical Reports of Elections | access-date = 2010-12-20 | work = General Election Results and Statistics | publisher = Election Commission of India | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp | archive-date = 2010-10-05 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Jhargram district topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Jhargram district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Kasganj Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:26:54Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Kasganj
| constituency_no = 100
| map_image = 100-Kasganj.svg
| mla = [[Devendra Singh Rajput]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2022
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kasganj district|Kasganj]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 3,59,893 (2022)
| type= SLA
}}

'''Kasganj Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Etah district|Etah]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Etah Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951.<ref name="DPACO (1951)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1951)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 100.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 28 Nov 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/kasganj.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Kasganj Assembly constituency is KCs Nameni, Bilram, Soron, Soron MB, Kasganj MB & Bilram NP of Kasganj Tehsil.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! # !! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! From !! To !! Days !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| 01 || [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || Tirmal Singh || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1952 || Mar-1957 || 1,849 || Constituency was called "Kasganj North" || <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 02 || [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || Kali Charan || Apr-1957 || Mar-1962 || 1,800 || - || <ref name=" 1957 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 03 || [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || Girwar Prasad || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Mar-1962 || Mar-1967 || 1,828 || - ||<ref name=" 1962 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 04 || [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || Kali Charan || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1967 || Apr-1968 || 402 || - || <ref name=" 1967 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 05 || [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]] || Netram Singh || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || Feb-1969 || Mar-1974 || 1,832 || - || <ref name=" 1969 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 06 || [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Manpal Singh]] || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1974 || Apr-1977 || 1,153 || - || <ref name=" 1974 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 07 || [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]] || Netram Singh || [[Janata Party]] || Jun-1977 || Feb-1980 || 969 || - || <ref name=" 1977 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 08 || [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]] || rowspan="2" | [[Manpal Singh]] || [[Indian National Congress (I)]] || Jun-1980 || Mar-1985 || 1,735 || - || <ref name=" 1980 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 09 || [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Indian National Congress]] || Mar-1985 || Nov-1989 || 1,725 || - || <ref name=" 1985 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 10 || [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]] || Goverdhan Singh || [[Janata Dal]] || Dec-1989 || Apr-1991 || 488 || - || <ref name=" 1989 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]] || Netram Singh || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Jun-1991|| Dec-1992 || 533 || - || <ref name=" 1991 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Kalyan Singh]] || Dec-1993|| Oct-1995 || 693 || - || <ref name=" 1993 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]] || Netram Singh || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Oct-1996 || May-2002 || 1,967 || - || <ref name=" 1996 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Manpal Singh]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Feb-2002 || May-2007 || 1,902 || - || <ref name=" 2002 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 15 || [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Hasrat Ullah Sherwani]] || [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] || May-2007 || Mar-2012 || 1,762 || - || <ref name=" 2007 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 16 || [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]] || [[Manpal Singh]] || [[Samajwadi Party]] || Mar-2012 || Mar-2017 || - || - || <ref name=" 2012 Election Results ">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=28 Nov 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| 17 || [[Seventeenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]] || Devendra Singh Lodhi || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Mar-2022 || || ||

|-
| 18 || [[Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|18th Vidhan Sabha]] || Devendra Singh Lodhi || [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] || Mar-2017 || Incumbent || || ||
|-
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Kasganj<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Devendra Singh
|votes = {{formatnum:123410}}
|percentage = 52.67
|change = +6.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Manpal Singh]]
|votes = {{formatnum:77145}}
|percentage = 32.92
|change = +10.26
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohd. Arif
|votes = {{formatnum:23001}}
|percentage = 9.82
|change = -7.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kuldeep Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:5951}}
|percentage = 2.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1264}}
|percentage = 0.54
|change = -0.39
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:46265}}
|percentage = 19.75
|change = -3.89
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:234326}}
|percentage = 64.37
|change = +0.7
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Kasganj<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Devendra Singh Rajput
|votes = {{formatnum:101908}}
|percentage = 46.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Hasrat Ullah Shervani
|votes = {{formatnum:49878}}
|percentage = 22.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Ajay Chaturvedi
|votes = {{formatnum:37818}}
|percentage = 17.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Mahan Dal
|candidate = Sudhir Alias Pappu Yadav
|votes = {{formatnum:22250}}
|percentage = 10.11
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtravadi Pratap Sena
|candidate = Kuldeep Kumar
|votes = {{formatnum:2803}}
|percentage = 1.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2023}}
|percentage = 0.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:52030}}
|percentage = 23.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:220120}}
|percentage = 63.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
16th Vidhan Sabha: 2012 Elections
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections: Kasganj}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = [[Manpal Singh]]
|votes = 48,535
|percentage = 25.41
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Hasrat Ullah Sherwani
|votes = 38,356
|percentage = 20.08
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Independent politician
| Independent
|candidate = Devendra Singh
|votes = 35,047
|percentage = 18.35
|change = -
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party =
|candidate = Remainder 12 candidates
|votes = 69,035
|percentage = 36.17
|change = -
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 10,179
|percentage = 5.33
|change = -
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 190,973
|percentage = 59.56
|change = -
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

==See also==
*[[Etah district]]
*[[Etah Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Etah district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:Kasganj]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttar Pradesh]]

Ritika Nayak

2026-04-13T07:35:08Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ritika Nayak
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|10|26|df=y}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Ritika Nayak Biography, Age|url=https://greatspedia.com/ritika-nayak-biography-news-age-movies-cast/|website=Greatspedia|access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ritika Nayak Age, Biography|url=https://famoustarz.com/ritika-nayak/|website=Famoustarz|access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ritika Nayak |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/web-stories/movies/2025/05/17/actress-ritika-nayak-fascinating-picturess.html|website=Manorama Online|access-date=2025-09-22}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| nationality =
| education = [[Shyama Prasad Mukherji College|Shyama Prasad Mukherji College for Women]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2022{{ndash}}present
}}

'''Ritika Nayak''' is an Indian actress who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-04 |title=Thrilled to receive a positive reception from Hyderabadis for my Tollywood debut: Ritika |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/thrilled-to-receive-a-positive-reception-from-hyderabadis-for-my-tollywood-debut-ritika/articleshow/92644785.cms |access-date=2025-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She debuted with ''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]'' (2022), which was her breakthrough film and had her highest-grossing release with [[Mirai (2025 film)|''Mirai'']] (2025).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-10 |title=Rithika Nayak, a gamble that paid off for team AVAK |url=https://telugucinema.com/news/rithika-nayak-a-gamble-that-paid-off-for-team-avak |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Telugu Cinema |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Ritika Nayak was born on 26 October 2000
in [[Delhi]], India into an [[Odia people|Odia]] family. She completed her schooling from Delhi Police Public School, Safdurjung Enclave and Graduated from [[Shyama Prasad Mukherji College|Shyama Prasad Mukherji College for Women]] in [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]]. She has won the 12th season of [[The Times of India|Delhi Times' Fresh Face]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-02 |title=Delhi gets its freshest faces at the city finale |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/delhi-gets-its-freshest-faces-at-the-city-finale/articleshow/72318532.cms |access-date=2025-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> From being a contestant and winner of the Delhi Times Fresh Face in Season 12, she was invited as a Celebrity Judge in the Delhi Times Fresh Face [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/delhi/delhi-youngsters-shine-at-the-fresh-face-finale/articleshow/110088497.cms Season 15]. After participating in various auditions across cities, she was cast in ''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]'' (2022), her debut film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Ritika Nayak on Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam: Every girl should make herself a priority before loving someone else |url=https://www.ottplay.com/interview/exclusive-ritika-nayak-on-ashoka-vanamlo-arjuna-kalyanam-every-girl-should-make-herself-a-priority-before-loving-someone-else/f42e0bdbbe52 |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> She played the role of Pasupuleti Vasudha, which was her breakthrough and was nominated for [[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-13 |title=Ritika Nayak thanks the team of Ashoka Vanam Lo Arjuna Kalyanam for 'Vasudha' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/ritika-nayak-thanks-the-team-of-ashoka-vanam-lo-arjuna-kalyanam-for-vasudha/articleshow/91532277.cms |access-date=2025-04-17 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Language
!Notes
|-
|2022
|''[[Ashoka Vanamlo Arjuna Kalyanam]]''
|Pasupuleti Vasudha
| rowspan="3" |[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|Nominated{{ndash}}[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu]]
|-
|2023
|''[[Hi Nanna]]''
|Adult Mahi
|Cameo appearance
|-
|2025
|[[Mirai (2025 film)|''Mirai'']]
|Vibha
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teja Sajja's Action-Thriller Mirai Confirms Global Release Date On THIS Date |url=https://zeenews.india.com/regional/teja-sajja-s-action-thriller-mirai-confirms-global-release-date-on-this-date-2862631.html |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Zee News |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |{{TableTBA}}
|{{pending film|Duet}}
|TBA
|Telugu [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|Bilingual film; Filming<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=New Poster Of Duet Featuring Birthday Boy Anand Devarakonda Unveiled |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/telugu/directed-by-mithun-varadharaja-krishnan-duet-stars-anand-deverakonda-article-108508794 |access-date=2025-04-17 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|Korean Kanakaraju}}
|TBA
|Telugu
|Filming<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2026-01-19 |title= Varun Tej's Indo-Korean Film Titled Korean Kanakaraju |url= https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/varun-tejs-indo-korean-film-vt15-titled-korean-kanakaraju-10779291/amp/1|access-date=2026-01-19 |website=NDTV|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|id=13649525}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nayak, Ritika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Delhi]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Odia people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Martur mandal

2026-04-05T02:25:55Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting new details

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Martur mandal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Mandal]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|15.988|N|80.102|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]]
| seat_type = Headquarters
| seat = [[Martur]]
| parts_type = [[Administrative divisions of India|Major villages]]
| parts_style = para
| parts =
| leader_title = [[Tehsildar]]
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 180.71
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 73862
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-point = none
}}

'''Martur mandal''' is a [[mandal]] in the [[Bapatla district]] in the [[Coastal Andhra]] region of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bapatla.ap.gov.in/tehsil/ |title=Bapatla district - Mandals |access-date= 2 June 2023}}</ref> Its headquarters are in [[Martur]].

==Demographics==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Martur mandal (2011)<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|87.33}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|12.18}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.49}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

As of 2011 census, the mandal had a population of 73,862 in 19,317 households. The total population constitutes
37,083 males and 36,779 females — a sex ratio of 992 females per 1000 males. 7,787 children are in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 3,937 are boys and 3,850 are girls — a sex ratio of 978 per 1000. The average literacy rate stands at 61.08% with 40,358 literates. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 18,278 (24.75%) and 4,123 (5.58%) of the population respectively.<ref name="demographics">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Prakasam |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/126/download/154/DH_2011_2818_PART_A_DCHB_PRAKASAM.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Martur mandal (2011)<ref name="language"/>
|thumb = left
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 85.94 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 11.59 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 1.26 |color3 = khaki
|label4 = Others |value4 = 1.21 |color4 = grey
}}

At the time of the 2011 census, 85.94% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 11.59% [[Urdu]] and 1.26% [[Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Bapatla district}}
[[Category:Mandals in Bapatla district]]

Moschiola

2026-04-03T13:05:32Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Short description|Genus of mammals}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Moschiola meminna.jpg
| image_caption = ''"Tragulus meminna"'' from the ''[[Fauna of British India]]''
| taxon = Moschiola
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1852
| type_species = ''[[Moschiola meminna|Moschus meminna]]''
| type_species_authority = Erxleben, 1777
| range_map = File:Tragulidae distribution.png
| range_map_caption = Tragulidae distribution ''Moschiola'' in red
}}

'''''Moschiola''''', the '''spotted chevrotains''', are a genus of small [[even-toed ungulate]]s in the family [[Tragulidae]]. They are found in forests in [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]] and perhaps [[Nepal]], and have pale-spotted or -striped upperparts unlike the other Asian members of the family, the mouse-deer of the genus ''[[Tragulus]]''.<ref name=walker>Nowak, R. M. (eds) (1999). ''Walker's Mammals of the World.'' 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press.</ref>

In former times, the genus was usually treated as [[monotypic]]. Described as ''Moschus meminna'', for most of the time the name ''Tragulus meminna'' was used, but changed to ''Moschiola meminna'' eventually. In the 21st century, this is increasingly divided into up to three [[parapatric]] [[species]]:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Groves |first1=C. |last2=Meijaard |first2=E. |year=2005 |title=Intraspecific variation in ''Moschiola'', the Indian Chevrotain |journal=The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement |volume=12 |pages=413–421 |url=https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/app/uploads/2017/04/s12rbz413-421.pdf}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:MouseDeer0.jpg|120px]] || ''M. meminna [[sensu stricto]]'' || [[Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain]] || drier parts of Sri Lanka
|-
|[[File:Indian spotted chevrotain Moschiola indica Mouse deer from the Anaimalai hills DSC9927 03.jpg|120px]] || ''M. indica'' || [[Indian spotted chevrotain]] || South Asian mainland north to Nepal
|-
|[[File:Moschiola_kathygre.jpg|120px]] || ''M. kathygre'' || [[Yellow-striped chevrotain]] || humid parts of Sri Lanka
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Artiodactyla|R.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q996737}}

[[Category:Moschiola| ]]
[[Category:Chevrotains]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]
[[Category:Mammal genera]]
[[Category:Mammals of India]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]

{{eventoedungulate-stub}}
[[eo:Tragoledoj]]

Paasam

2026-03-28T07:57:53Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Short description|1962 film by T. R. Ramanna}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Paasam
| image = Paasam poster.jpg

| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. R. Ramanna]]
| story = 'Thuraiyoor' K. Murthy
| producer = T. R. Ramanna
| starring = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] [[Kalyan Kumar]] [[B. Saroja Devi]]
| cinematography = M. A. Rahman
| editing = R. Rajagopal
| music = [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = R. R. Pictures
| distributor = Emgeeyaar Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1962|08|31|df=y}}
| runtime = 158 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}
'''''Paasam''''' ({{translation|Affection}}) is a 1962 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[T. R. Ramanna]]. The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[Kalyan Kumar]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]]. It was released on 31 August 1962 and failed commercially. It was remade in Telugu as [[Manchi Chedu]] (1963).

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=July 2022}}
The story depicts the extraordinary love of a son towards his mother. Gopi is brought up in a juvenile home, as he accidentally commits a murder. After his release he searches for his mother and brother, but is unable to trace them. He lands in the same village, where his brother Raghu lives and works as a government officer. He falls in love with his friend Kali's sister, Chandra, but Kali refuses the alliance, accusing him of being an orphan. Raghu and Chandra are to be engaged. Angry at being thwarted and not knowing that Raghu is his brother, he joins Swaminathan in trying to trap Raghu in a burglary case. Ironically, both Raghu and Gopi do not know the true identity of Swaminathan. It is he who had thrown away his wife Shanta, their mother, several years ago. Several truths are revealed when Gopi meets his mother face to face. Is he able to set things right?

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[M. G. Ramachandran]] as Gopi
* [[Kalyan Kumar]] as Raghu
* [[B. Saroja Devi]] as Manju
* [[Sheela]]devi as Chandra
* [[T. R. Rajakumari]] as Shantha
* [[M. R. Radha]] as Swaminathan
* [[S. A. Ashokan|Ashokan]] as Kali
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Swaminathan's servant
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Meenakshi
* [[C. K. Saraswathi]] as Swaminathan's sister
* [[C. Lakshmi Rajyam|Lakshmi Rajyam]] as Bakkiyam
* 'Kottapuli' Jayaraman as Iyer
* [[Ennathe Kannaiah|Kannaiah]] as Swaminathan's sidekick
* [[K. K. Soundar|Soundar]] as Mayandi
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] and lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paasam |url=http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Paasam-T0000124 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141205071609/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/Paasam-T0000124 |archive-date=5 December 2014 |access-date=5 December 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Jal Jal Jal Enum Salangai" || [[S. Janaki]] || 03:41
|-
| "Pal Vannam Paruvam" || [[P. B. Sreenivas]], [[P. Susheela]] || 03:48
|-
| "Maalaiyum Iravum" || P. B. Sreenivas, [[S. Janaki]] || 03:26
|-
| "Therathu Silaiyethu" || P. Susheela || 03:16
|-
| "Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 03:41
|-
| "Uravu Solla Oruvarindri" || P. Susheela || 04:29
|-
| "Vengaikku Kurivaithu" || [[Sirkazhi Govindarajan]] || 04:04
|}

== Release and reception ==

''Paasam'' was released on 31 August 1962,<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 August 1962 |title=Paasam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620831&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=18 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=8 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1962 – பாசம் – ஆர்.ஆர்.பிக்சர் பிலிம்ஸ் (த-தெ) |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails19.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525062007/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1962-cinedetails19.asp |archive-date=25 May 2017 |access-date=28 March 2024 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref> and distributed by Emgeeyaar Pictures in Madras,<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 1962 |title=Paasam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620826&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=7 July 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> delayed from a 24 August release.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 1962 |title=Paasam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19620815&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=3 April 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> The film failed commercially because fans of Ramachandran could not digest seeing his character dying and considered it anticlimactic.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=16 January 2018 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 48 {{!}} 100 Movies and Beyond |url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-48/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107235439/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-48/ |archive-date=7 January 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=[[Ilankai Tamil Sangam]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Vaasanthi|2008|p=63}} Ramanna received hundreds of letters from fans condemning him. He said the film's ending not only made him understand the actor's dominance, "but also that one could not say things that are in contradiction with people's sentiments".{{sfn|Kannan|2017|p=122}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Kannan |first=R. |title=MGR: A Life |date=28 June 2017 |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |isbn=978-93-86495-88-4 |location=India}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vaasanthi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ldacEfF58EC&q=pallandu+vazhga&pg=PA63 |title=Cut-outs, Caste and Cines Stars |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-14-306312-4 |author-link=Vaasanthi}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|1473094}}
{{T. R. Ramanna}}

[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1962 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1962 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. R. Ramanna]]
[[Category:Films scored by Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=March 2024}}

Kadamba (2004 film)

2026-03-26T17:07:07Z

LeonorColangelo: improve section as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Kadamba
| image = Kannada film Kadamba poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Suresh Krissna]]
| writer = Universal Films
| based_on = ''[[Thanga Pathakkam]]'' (Tamil)
| producer = D. Kamalakar M. B. Babu
| starring = [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] [[Bhanupriya]] [[Naveen Krishna]]
| music = [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]
| cinematography = Ramesh Babu
| editing = Shyam Yadav
| studio = Universal Films
| released = {{film date|df=y|2004|1|16}}
| runtime = 156 minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
}}

'''''Kadamba''''' is a 2004 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[action drama film]] starring [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]], [[Bhanupriya]] and [[Naveen Krishna]]. The film is directed and written by director [[Suresh Krissna]], making his debut in Kannada cinema and features soundtrack by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]]. The film is inspired by the 1974 Tamil movie ''[[Thanga Pathakkam]]''.

Released on 16 January 2004, the film met with mixed response. It was an average at the box office, however later gained appreciation from the audience after making its [[Premiere|television premiere]] in [[Udaya TV]], especially from Vishnuvardhan fans.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] as Madhukeshawara Kadamba
* [[Bhanupriya]] as Yaamini
* [[Naveen Krishna]] as Rajashekar alias Raju
* Rekha Kumar as Uma, Raju’s wife
* Tharun as Sharat Chandra
* [[Ramesh Bhat]] as Ramesh
* [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as Jaya Chandra
* [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] as Deputy Chief Minister
* [[Rockline Venkatesh]] as Rockline
* [[Srinivasa Murthy]] as Srinivasaiah (Special Appearance)
* [[Sathyapriya]] as Kadamba's teacher (Special Appearance)
* Anantha Velu
* [[Shivaram]]
}}

==Production==
The film was launched on 31 August 2003 at Hotel Ashok in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/kadamba_muhuratha.html|title=KADAMBA BEGINS|website=Chitraloka|access-date=7 September 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031221003126/http://www.chitraloka.com/sections/action_cut/kadamba_muhuratha.html|archive-date=21 December 2003}}</ref> During his interaction with the media, [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]] who was cast as a cop, stated, "I have a special love for police uniform. I am playing a cop after four years and I always remember my grandfather who was a CID in the erstwhile [[Kingdom of Mysore|Wodeyar kingdom]], whenever I wear the uniform. Perhaps, that explains my love towards wearing the police colours." He added that the film was about a father-son relationship that runs into rough weather following small misunderstandings. It was announced that he would play the father and [[Naveen Krishna]], his son. It was revealed that [[Bhanupriya]] was cast opposite to him, and that [[Avinash Yelandur|Avinash]] would play the role of a Home Minister, [[Ramesh Bhat]], a trusted friend and [[Chi. Guru Dutt]], a trouble shooter to Vishnuvardhan's character.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Srinivasa |first1=Srikanth |title=Vishnu as Kadamba |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep07/ent5.asp |access-date=26 March 2026 |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=7 September 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030911111354/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep07/ent5.asp |archive-date=11 September 2003}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
All the songs are composed and scored by [[Deva (composer)|Deva]].<ref>[http://www.raaga.com/channels/kannada/moviedetail.asp?mid=k0000220 Kadamba songs]</ref> One of the songs "Sangathiye" is based on "Oru Pen Pura", composed by Deva for ''[[Annaamalai]]'' (1992).<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title="அஜித்தைப் பாட வைக்க முயற்சி செய்தேன்!" |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/exclusive-interview-with-music-director-deva |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210807073910/https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/exclusive-interview-with-music-director-deva |archive-date=7 August 2021 |access-date=7 August 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> The song "Chukki Chukki" was partly based on Deva's own Tamil song "Oh Nandini" from the Tamil film ''Oruvan'' (1999) while "Baala Gopalana" is partly based on Deva's own Malayalam song "Shyamame" from Malayalam film ''The Prince'' (1996), both these films were directed by Krissna.

Deva later reused "Banda Nodamma" as "Gaja Varanda" for Tamil film ''Gajendra'' (2004) also directed by Suresh Krissna.

{|class="wikitable"
! Sl No !! Song title !! Singer(s) || Lyrics
|-
| 1 || "Yamini Yaramma Neenu" || [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra]] || [[K. Kalyan]]
|-
| 2 || "Sangathiye Kannalli" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || K. Kalyan
|-
| 3 || "Chukki Chukki" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra || K. Kalyan
|-
| 4 || "Baala Gopalana" || [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] || K. Kalyan
|-
| 5 || "Banda Nodamma" || [[B. Jayashree]] || K. Kalyan
|-
| 6 || "Pancha Koti Kannadigare" || S. P. Balasubrahmanyam || K. Kalyan
|-
|}

== Critical reception ==
A critic from ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote that "Producers M B Babu and Kamalakar who made successful films like Soorappa and Kotigobba have tried to do a mishmash of Vishnu’s earlier films to relieve him of his feudal lord image but at the same time give him a macho image through the film".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr2.asp |title=Kadamba |last=Srikanth|work=[[Deccan Herald]] |access-date=25 March 2014 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140325065406/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/jan182004/mr2.asp |archive-date=25 March 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A critic from ''[[Chitraloka.com]]'' wrote that "Here in this neat package for family and fans this director gives a trouble free film. From the fountain of thought of a director there is a very much needed respite for Kannada audience. In the days of bizarre of ‘Chaku Churi Guns and Bombs’ culture on screen ‘Kadamba’ stands out for its brilliance in screenplay, acting, cinematography and music department".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2797-kadamba-review.html|title=Kadamba Movie Review|date=17 January 2004|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231125616/https://www.chitraloka.com/movie-reviews/2797-kadamba-review.html|archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref> A critic from ''Viggy'' wrote that "In a nutshell, ''Kadamba'' is truly a 'Habba' ({{Translation|festival}}) to watch on the screen".<ref>[http://www.viggy.com/english/review_kadamba.asp 'Kadamba' - film of Vishnuvardhan directed by Suresh Krishna ''Viggy'']</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|10196336}}

{{Suresh Krissna}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kadamba}}
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Suresh Krissna]]
[[Category:Films scored by Deva (composer)]]
[[Category:2004 drama films]]

{{2000s-Kannada-film-stub}}

Aadhira

2026-03-26T12:08:54Z

LeonorColangelo: new

{{Short description|2025 Malaysian TV series}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = [[Melodrama]]
| based_on = {{Based on| ''Syurga Itu Bukan Mudah''}}
| writer =
| director = R. Azizan
| screenplay =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Rubini Sambanthan]]|Theebaan G|Saarra Selva| Kavitha Sinhya|Kaarthick Jay|Angayar Kanni|Priscilla Nair}}
| open_theme = Unna Vida
| theme_music_composer =
| editor =
| country = Malaysia
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 28
| list_episodes =
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = approx.20-22 minutes per episode
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2025|7|14}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2025|8|28}}
| network = [[Astro Vinmeen HD]]
| related = Syurga Itu Bukan Mudah
| company = Keris Media Networks
| producer = Elena Thomas
}}

'''''Aadhira''''' is a 2025 [[Malaysia]]n [[Tamil television drama|Tamil-language]] television series directed R. Azizan, starring [[Rubini Sambanthan]], Theebaan G, Saarra Selva, Kavitha Sinhya, Kaarthick Jay, Angayar Kanni and Priscilla Nair in the lead roles. The show is an official remake of [[Astro Ria]]'s [[Malay language|Malay]] series ''Syurga Itu Bukan Mudah''.<ref name="astro1">{{Cite web |title=Astro premieres Aadhira on 14 July – A new drama about strength and courage |url=https://corporate.astro.com.my/mediaroom-releases/astro-premieres-aadhira-on-14-july----a-new-drama-about-strength-and-courage |website=Astro Corporate |date=10 July 2025 |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref> The series highlights issues of domestic abuse, women's empowerment and the struggle to escape toxic situations.<ref name="thesun">{{Cite web |title=Victim of domestic strife refuses to lie down |url=https://thesun.my/style-life/victim-of-domestic-strife-refuses-to-lie-down-EH14466983 |website=The Sun Daily |date=12 July 2025 |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref>

It premiered on [[Astro Vinmeen HD]] on 14 July 2025 on Monday to Thursday at 21:00 ([[Time in Malaysia|MST]]) and ended with 28 episodes on 28 August 2025, and is also available on the digital platform Astro GO and Sooka.<ref name="varnam">{{Cite web |title=Astro's Aadhira Is Set To Hit The Screens This 14th July! |url=https://varnam.my/108762/astro-premieres-aadhira-on-14-july-a-new-drama-about-strength-and-courage/ |website=Varnam.my |date=9 July 2025 |access-date=29 July 2025}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story follows Aadhira, a bold and resilient girl, who on the surface appears to be obedient and loving. However, her marriage to Dharmentra, a charismatic man, brings suffering in the form of physical, emotional, and financial hardship. Dharma's evil behavior turns their married life into “hell” and brings more obstacles and challenges to her after unraveling her husband's dark side, who is involved with a group called the "toxic masculine men".<ref name="astro1" />

== Cast ==
=== Main ===
* [[Rubini Sambanthan]]<ref name="varnam" /> as Aadhira
* Theebaan G<ref name="varnam" /> as Dharmentra

=== Recurring ===
* Saarra Selva as Sumitra
* Kavitha Sinhya as Pavitra
* Kaarthick Jay as Sidharth
* Angayar Kanni as Nirosha
* Priscilla Nair as Nimmi
* Kanimozhi as Janu Ma
* Rubini Sambanthan as Aadhira
* Vicky Rao as Manohar
* Sathishwararao Anantharao as Aiyar
* Vemanna Appannah as Varadhan
* Aahmuu Thirunyanam as Poornima
* Alvin Anthons as Chezhiyan
* Danushaasri Subramaniam as Gayatri
* Shanthi Anand as Mozhi
* Yeshwenddran Kunendran as Baby Rayyan

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The show was produced by Elena Thomas under Keris Media Networks. The series was director by ''Pooranachandhiran Kudumbathar'' fame R. Azizan, and the story-line is inspired by the [[Malay language|Malay]] series ''Syurga Itu Bukan Mudah''.<ref name="astro1" />

=== Casting ===
[[Miss Malaysia|Miss International Malaysia 2014]] winner [[Rubini Sambanthan]] plays the lead role in the series alongside Theebaan G, marking her major appearance in a local Tamil drama.<ref name="varnam" />

== Title Song ==
The show's title song was composed by Neroshen Thanaseharan, with lyrics by Oviya Oommapathy and singers by Yasmin JK, Deena Dakshini and Shan.<ref name="astro1" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://sooka.my/show/Aadhira/b1b6ea13-190f-4d79-9d1a-2537d07169a1 Aadhira] at Sooka
* {{IMDb title|tt36217071}}

[[Category:Astro Vinmeen original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance television series]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Kellogg's

2026-03-24T07:39:45Z

LeonorColangelo: rework section and fixed typos

{{short description|American multinational food company}}
{{about|the global snack and cereal company that split in 2023|the post-split companies|Kellanova|and|WK Kellogg Co}}
{{other uses|Kellogg (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-sock|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Kellogg Company
| logo = Kellogg's-Logo.svg
| logo_caption = Logo used from 2011 to 2023, and used for the [[WK Kellogg Co]] logo, still used as today as a brand.
| image = Kellogg World Headquarters (battlecreekcvb) 001.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in Battle Creek, Michigan
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| fate = Rebranded into Kellanova
| trade_name = Kellogg's<ref name=justia/>
| traded_as = {{ublist |{{NYSE was|K}} |[[S&P 500]] component}}
| industry = [[Food processing]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1906|02|19}} (as Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company) in [[Battle Creek, Michigan]], U.S.
| founder = [[Will Keith Kellogg]]
| successor = {{ubl|[[Kellanova]]|[[WK Kellogg Co]]}}
| hq_location_city = Battle Creek, Michigan
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Steve Cahillane]] (chairman & CEO)
| products = {{ublist |[[Breakfast cereal|Cereals]] |[[Cracker (food)|Crackers]] |[[Toaster pastries]] |Cereal bars |Fruit-flavored snacks |[[Waffles|Frozen waffles]] |[[Vegetarian cuisine|Vegetarian foods]]}}
| brands = {{ublist |[[Eggo]] |[[Gardenburger]] |[[Pringles]] |[[Sunshine Biscuits]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}} US$13.547 billion<ref name=10K>{{cite report|url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/55067/000162828019001864/k-2018q410xk.htm|title=Kellogg Company Form 10-K for 2018 Annual Report|website=SEC.gov|publisher=[[U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission]]|access-date=September 26, 2019|archive-date=May 16, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516193111/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/55067/000162828019001864/k-2018q410xk.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| revenue_year = 2018
| operating_income = {{increase}} US$1.706 billion<ref name=10K/>
| income_year = 2018
| net_income = {{increase}} US$1.344 billion<ref name=10K/>
| net_income_year = 2018
| assets = {{increase}} US$17.780 billion<ref name=10K/>
| assets_year = 2018
| equity = {{increase}} US$3.159 billion<ref name=10K/>
| equity_year = 2018
| num_employees = 34,000 <ref name=10K/>
| num_employees_year = 2018
| owner = [[W. K. Kellogg Foundation]] (18.3%) [[Gordon Gund]] (6.4%)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/55067/000162828022004921/a2022definitiveproxy.htm#ieea90b33f58f4be38281342dbf5a8d7d_220 |title=Proxy Statement |access-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-date=July 15, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715033309/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/55067/000162828022004921/a2022definitiveproxy.htm#ieea90b33f58f4be38281342dbf5a8d7d_220 |url-status=live }}</ref>
| subsid = {{ubl|[[Kashi (company)|Kashi]]|[[Rxbar]]}}
| website = {{URL|www.kelloggs.com}}
}}[[File:Kellogg's Cafe 17th St jeh.jpg|thumb|Former Kellogg's Café, [[Union Square (Manhattan)]]]]

The '''Kellogg Company''', [[trade name|doing business as]] '''Kellogg's''',<ref name=justia>{{Cite web|url=https://trademarks.justia.com/733/95/kellogg-73395401.html|title=KELLOGG'S Trademark Details|website=[[Justia]] Trademarks|access-date=March 2, 2026}}</ref> was an American [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] food manufacturing company headquartered in [[Battle Creek, Michigan]], United States. Kellogg's produced [[breakfast cereal]] and convenience foods, including [[cracker (food)|crackers]] and [[toaster pastry|toaster pastries]], and marketed their products under the brands [[Corn flakes|Corn Flakes]], [[Rice Krispies]], [[Frosted Flakes]], [[Pringles]], [[Eggo]], and [[Cheez-It]]. In 2018, Kellogg's mission statement was "Nourishing families so they can flourish and thrive."<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/our-vision-purpose.html |title = Our Vision & Purpose |website = Kelloggcompany.com |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-date = January 16, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180116040506/http://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/our-vision-purpose.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

Kellogg's products were manufactured and marketed in over 180 countries.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://newsroom.kelloggcompany.com/download/K+fact+sheet_FINAL+2+11+14+%282%29.pdf |title = Kellogg Company Fact Sheet (PDF) |publisher = kelloggcompany.com |access-date = April 24, 2014 }}</ref> Kellogg's largest factory was at [[Trafford Park]] in [[Greater Manchester|Trafford]], Greater Manchester, United Kingdom, which was also the location of its UK headquarters.<ref name="trafford">{{Cite news |title = Global brand, local values |url = http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/1051202_global_brand_local_values |newspaper = [[Manchester Evening News]] |date = May 27, 2008 |access-date = August 3, 2011 |archive-date = July 19, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120719122135/http://menmedia.co.uk/manchestereveningnews/news/business/s/1051202_global_brand_local_values |url-status = dead }}</ref> Other corporate office locations outside of Battle Creek included [[Chicago]], [[Dublin]] (European Headquarters), [[Shanghai]], and [[Querétaro City]].<ref>{{cite web |title = Our Locations |url = http://www.kelloggcareers.com/global/locations.html |website = kelloggcareers.com |access-date = May 27, 2018 |archive-date = May 28, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180528133615/http://www.kelloggcareers.com/global/locations.html |url-status = live }}</ref> Kellogg's held a [[Royal warrant of appointment (United Kingdom)|Royal Warrant]] from [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] until her death in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/kellogg-marketing-sales-co-uk-ltd|title=Kellogg Marketing & Sales Co (UK) Ltd|publisher=Royal Warrant Holders Association|website=royalwarrant.org|language=en|access-date=January 28, 2018|archive-date=January 28, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128132844/https://www.royalwarrant.org/company/kellogg-marketing-sales-co-uk-ltd|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2023, the company changed its name to [[Kellanova]], and spun off some assets into [[WK Kellogg Co]]. In 2025, Kellanova was acquired by [[Mars Inc.|Mars]] and WK Kellogg by [[Ferrero SpA|Ferrero]].

== History ==
{{See also|Will Keith Kellogg}}
[[File:CornFlakesPackage1906.jpg|thumb|right|First Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co. [[corn flakes]] package (1906), later to become the Kellogg Food Company in 1908]]
In 1876, [[John Harvey Kellogg]] became the superintendent of the [[Battle Creek Sanitarium]] (originally the Western Health Reform Institute founded by [[Ellen G. White|Ellen White]]) and his brother, [[W. K. Kellogg]], worked as the bookkeeper. This is where corn flakes were created and led to the eventual formation of the Kellogg Company.

For years, W. K. Kellogg assisted his brother in research to improve the vegetarian diet of the Battle Creek Sanitarium's patients, especially in the search for wheat-based granola. The Kelloggs are best known for the invention of the famous breakfast cereal [[corn flakes]]. The development of the flaked cereal in 1894 has been variously described by those involved: Ella Eaton Kellogg, John Harvey Kellogg, his younger brother Will Keith Kellogg, and other family members. There is considerable disagreement over who was involved in the discovery, and the role that they played.<ref name="Markel">{{cite book |first=Howard |last=Markel |title=The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek |year=2017 |isbn=978-0307907271 |publisher=Pantheon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3siXDQAAQBAJ |pages=110–112, 129–133 |access-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327164549/https://books.google.com/books?id=3siXDQAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is generally agreed that upon being called out one night, John Kellogg left a batch of wheat-berry dough behind. Rather than throwing it out the following day, he sent it through the rollers and was surprised to obtain delicate flakes, which could then be baked.<ref name="Markel"/>

W. K. Kellogg persuaded his brother to serve the food in a flake form. Soon the flaked wheat was being packaged to meet hundreds of guest mail-order requests after they left the Sanitarium. However, Dr. John Harvey forbade his brother Will from distributing cereal beyond his consumers. As a result, the brothers fell out, and W. K. launched the '''Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company''' on February 19, 1906.<ref name="ShurtleffAoyagi2014">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enWfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA995|title=History of Seventh-day Adventist Work with Soyfoods, Vegetarianism, Meat Alternatives, Wheat Gluten, Dietary Fiber and Peanut Butter (1863-2013): Extensively Annotated Bibliography and Sourcebook|first1=William|last1=Shurtleff|first2=Akiko|last2=Aoyagi|date=January 6, 2014|publisher=Soyinfo Center|isbn=978-1-928914-64-8|pages=994–95|access-date=August 20, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327174524/https://books.google.com/books?id=enWfAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA995|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Benjamin2013">{{cite book|first=André|last=Benjamin|title=Conquer The Recession|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iLQ5ljuaLjAC&pg=PA27|date=June 30, 2013|publisher=Andre J Benjamin|page=27|id=GGKEY:6SA764GJCF1|access-date=August 20, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327164800/https://books.google.com/books?id=iLQ5ljuaLjAC&pg=PA27|url-status=live}}</ref> On July 4, 1907, a fire destroyed the main factory building. W.K. Kellogg had the new plant in full operation six months after the fire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://atoday.org/the-kelloggs-the-battling-brothers-of-battle-creek/ |title=The Kelloggs: The Battling Brothers of Battle Creek, book review on Adventist Today website |access-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314073230/https://atoday.org/the-kelloggs-the-battling-brothers-of-battle-creek/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Convincing his brother to relinquish rights to the product, Will's company produced and marketed the hugely successful Kellogg's Toasted Corn Flakes and was renamed the '''Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Company''' in 1909, taking on the current name of the '''Kellogg Company''' in 1922.<ref name="ShurtleffAoyagi2014" />

By 1909, Will's company produced 120,000 cases of Corn Flakes daily. John, who resented his brother's success, filed suit against Will's company in 1906 for the right to use the family name. The resulting legal battle, which included a trial that lasted an entire month, ended in December 1920 when the [[Michigan Supreme Court]] ruled in Will's favor.<ref>{{cite news |author= |date=1920-12-22 |page=1 |title=Dr. Kellogg Loses Long Fought Case |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-moon-journal-dr-kellogg-lo/192291360/ |work=Battle Creek Moon-Journal |location=[[Battle Creek, Michigan]] |access-date=2026-02-27 |quote=The Supreme Court of Michigan last night affirmed the decree of Judge Walter H. North in the case of Dr. J. H. Kellogg, the Kellogg Food Co., and the Sanitarium Equipment Co., versus the Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Co., et al., which means a victory for the latter concern in litigation that began in August, 1916, and has continued in the courts ever since.}}</ref><ref>{{cite court |litigants=Kellogg v. Kellogg Toasted Corn Flake Co. |vol=180 |reporter=N.W. |opinion=397 |court=[[Michigan Supreme Court|Mich.]] |date=1920-12-21 |url=https://app.midpage.ai/document/kellogg-v-kellogg-toasted-corn-7951033}}</ref>

In 1931, the Kellogg Company announced that most of its factories would shift towards 30-hour work weeks from the usual 40. W.K. Kellogg stated that he did this so that an additional shift of workers would be employed to support people through the depression era. This practice remained until [[World War II]] and continued briefly after the war, although some departments and factories remained locked into 30-hour work weeks until 1980.<ref>{{cite web |first = Jeffrey |last = Kaplan |date = May–June 2008 |url = http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/2962 |title = The Gospel of Consumption |access-date = June 25, 2010 |archive-date = November 14, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141114060858/http://www.orionmagazine.org/index.php/articles/article/2962/ |url-status = dead }}</ref>

From 1969 to 1970, the slogan “Kellogg's puts more into your day” was used on Sunday morning TV shows. From 1969 to 1977, Kellogg's acquired various small businesses, including [[Salada tea|Salada Tea]], Fearn International,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ennis |first1=Thomas W. |title=Bravo Acquires Marks Tractor |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/09/02/archives/dravo-acquires-marks-tractor-equipment-distributor-gets-some-stock.html |access-date=7 September 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=2 September 1970}}</ref> [[Mrs. Smith's Pies]], [[Eggo]], and Pure Packed Foods;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/kellogg-company-history/ |title=Kellogg Company History |work=FundingUniverse.com |access-date=November 28, 2019 |archive-date=February 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217003750/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/kellogg-company-history/ |url-status=live }}</ref> however, it was later criticized for not diversifying further like [[General Mills]] and [[Quaker Oats]] were. After underspending its competition in marketing and product development, Kellogg's US market share hit a low of 36.7% in 1983. A prominent [[Wall Street]] analyst called it "a fine company that's past its prime" and the cereal market was being regarded as "mature". Such comments stimulated Kellogg chairman William E. LaMothe to improve, which primarily involved approaching the demographic of 80 million [[baby boomer]]s rather than marketing children-oriented cereals. In emphasizing cereal's convenience and nutritional value, Kellogg's helped persuade U.S. consumers aged 25 to 49 to eat 26% more cereal than people of that age ate five years prior. The U.S. ready-to-eat cereal market, worth $3.7 billion at retail in 1983, totaled $5.4 billion by 1988 and had expanded three times as fast as the average grocery category. Kellogg's also introduced new products, including [[Crispix]], Raisin Squares, and [[Nutri-Grain]] Biscuits, and reached out internationally with [[Just Right]] aimed at [[Australians]] and Genmai Flakes for Japan. During this time, the company maintained success over its top competitors: [[General Mills]], which largely marketed children's cereals, and [[Post Foods|Post]], which had difficulty in the adult cereal market.<ref>{{cite web |last1 = Sellers |first1 = Patricia |title = How King Kellogg Beat the Blahs |url = http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1988/08/29/70950/index.htm |work = [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |date = August 29, 1988 |access-date = June 10, 2015 }}</ref>

In 2001, Kellogg's acquired the [[Keebler Company]] for $3.87 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Winter |first1=Greg |title=Kellogg Agrees to Buy Keebler Foods for $3.86 Billion |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/business/kellogg-agrees-to-buy-keebler-foods-for-3.86-billion.html |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=The New York Times |date=27 October 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB985932422438251466 |date=March 30, 2001 |title=Kellogg Plans to Cut 470 Jobs As Part of Keebler Acquisition |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=September 11, 2019 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231212828/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB985932422438251466 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=USA: Kellogg completes acquisition of Keebler |url=https://www.just-food.com/news/usa-kellogg-completes-acquisition-of-keebler/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |work=Just Food |date=27 March 2001}}</ref> Over the years, it has also gone on to acquire [[Morningstar Farms]] and [[Kashi Company|Kashi]] divisions or subsidiaries. Kellogg's also owns the [[Bear Naked]], Natural Touch, [[Cheez-It]], Murray, Austin cookies and crackers, [[Famous Amos]], [[Gardenburger]] (acquired 2007), and Plantation brands. Presently, Kellogg's is a member of the [[World Cocoa Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web |title=What are you doing about sustainable cocoa? |url=https://www.kelloggs.com/en_US/sustainability/what-are-you-doing-about-sustainable-cocoa.html |website=Kelloggs |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003203912/https://www.kelloggs.com/en_US/sustainability/what-are-you-doing-about-sustainable-cocoa.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, Kellogg's became the world's second-largest snack food company (after [[PepsiCo]]) by acquiring the [[potato crisps]] brand [[Pringles]] from [[Procter & Gamble]] for $2.7 billion in a cash deal.<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kellogg-pringles-idUSTRE81E0S620120215 |title = Kellogg to buy Pringles for $2.7 billion |date = February 15, 2012 |work = Reuters.com |access-date = March 27, 2023 |archive-date = August 26, 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220826004829/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kellogg-pringles-idUSTRE81E0S620120215 |url-status = live }}</ref>

In 2015, Kellogg's announced that it would source 100% cage-free eggs and eliminate gestation stalls from its pork supply chain by 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-01 |title=Kellogg switching to cage-free eggs, crate-free pork {{!}} WATTAgNet |url=https://www.wattagnet.com/blogs/hens-and-trends/article/15515648/kellogg-switching-to-cage-free-eggs-crate-free-pork-wattagnet |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=WATTPoultry.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2017, Kellogg's acquired [[Chicago]]-based food company [[Rxbar]] for $654 million.<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterandrewwilkins/2017/10/13/what-the-600m-rxbar-acquisition-by-kelloggs-says-about-chicagos-simple-food-beverage-industry/#eaa714416757 |title = What $600M RXBar Acquisition By Kellogg's Says About Chicago's Simple Food And Beverage Industry |last = Wilkins |first = Peter |work = Forbes |access-date = January 28, 2018 |language = en |archive-date = August 15, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200815205505/https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterandrewwilkins/2017/10/13/what-the-600m-rxbar-acquisition-by-kelloggs-says-about-chicagos-simple-food-beverage-industry/#eaa714416757 |url-status = live }}</ref> Earlier that year, Kellogg's also opened new corporate office space in Chicago's [[Merchandise Mart]] for its global growth and IT departments.<ref>{{cite web |last2 = Trotter |first1 = Ryan |last1 = Ori |first2 = Greg |title = Kellogg opens 50-employee Merchandise Mart office |url = https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-kellogg-merchandise-mart-0404-biz-20170403-story.html |website = chicagotribune.com |date = April 3, 2017 |access-date = March 1, 2021 |archive-date = January 28, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210128121056/https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-kellogg-merchandise-mart-0404-biz-20170403-story.html |url-status = live }}</ref> In the UK, Kellogg's also released the W. K. Kellogg brand of organic, vegan and plant-based cereals (such as granolas, organic wholegrain wheat, and "super grains") with no added sugars.<ref>{{cite web |title= Kellogg targets health-conscious consumers with W.K.Kellogg line |url= https://www.foodbev.com/news/kellogg-targets-health-conscious-consumers-w-k-kellogg-line/ |access-date= August 23, 2018 |work= Foodbev.com |publisher= Foodbev Media |date= November 14, 2017 |archive-date= August 24, 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180824040049/https://www.foodbev.com/news/kellogg-targets-health-conscious-consumers-w-k-kellogg-line/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

In 2018, Kellogg's decided to cease their operations in Venezuela due to the [[Crisis in Venezuela|economic crisis]] the country is facing.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kellogg Says It's Discontinuing Venezuela Operations|work=Bloomberg|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-15/kellogg-leaves-venezuela-as-breakfast-falls-victim-to-disaster|access-date=May 17, 2018}}{{dead link|date=August 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Their factories were taken by the Venezuelan state under the [[Nicolás Maduro]] administration. In mid-2019, Venezuelan Kellogg's cereal boxes began portraying the Venezuelan flag and a motto from Maduro: "Together, everything is possible" ({{Langx|es|Juntos todo es posible}}) alongside Kellogg's logo and mascots were sold all over the country. Kellogg's considers it as an illicit use, and the company stated they would take legal action.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Olmo|first=Guillermo D.|date=November 15, 2019|title=Kellogg's: cómo los cereales más famosos del mundo se volvieron chavistas en Venezuela|language=es|trans-title=Kellogg's in Venezuela: how the world's most famous cereals became Chavez-ian|work=BBC.com|url=https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-50147163|access-date=December 9, 2019|archive-date=January 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101133819/https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-50147163|url-status=live}}</ref>

On April 1, 2019, it was announced that Kellogg's was selling [[Famous Amos]], Murray's, [[Keebler Company|Keebler]], [[Mother's Cookies|Mother's]], and Little Brownie Bakers (one of the producers of the [[Girl Scout Cookies|cookies for the Girl Scouts of the USA]]) to [[Ferrero SpA]] for $1.4 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hirsch |first1=Lauren |title=Kellogg to sell Keebler, Famous Amos to Nutella-owner Ferrero |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/kellogg-to-sell-keebler-and-famous-amos-business-to-nutella-owner-ferrero.html |access-date=April 6, 2019 |work=CNBC.com |date=April 1, 2019 |archive-date=January 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128185045/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/01/kellogg-to-sell-keebler-and-famous-amos-business-to-nutella-owner-ferrero.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Reddy |first1=Arjun |title=Kellogg has agreed to sell its Keebler and Famous Amos businesses to Ferrero for $1.3 billion |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/kellogg-reportedly-agreed-to-sell-keebler-famous-amos-to-ferrero-2019-4-1028075005 |website=Business Insider |access-date=April 2, 2019 |archive-date=August 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812100229/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/kellogg-reportedly-agreed-to-sell-keebler-famous-amos-to-ferrero-2019-4-1028075005 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1= Yu |first1= Douglas |title= Ferrero Enters U.S. Snack Aisle With $1.3 Billion Acquisition Of Kellogg's Brands |url= https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglasyu/2019/04/01/ferrero-enters-u-s-snacks-aisle-with-1-3-billion-acquisition-of-kelloggs-brands/#2d100861bbe8 |work= Forbes |access-date= April 2, 2019 |archive-date= November 7, 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201107234027/https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglasyu/2019/04/01/ferrero-enters-u-s-snacks-aisle-with-1-3-billion-acquisition-of-kelloggs-brands/#2d100861bbe8 |url-status= live }}</ref> On July 29, 2019, that sale was completed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://seekingalpha.com/news/3482663-kellogg-closes-keebler-sale |last=Schultz |first=Clark |date=July 29, 2019 |title=Kellogg closes on Keebler sale |work=Seeking Alpha |access-date=September 8, 2019 |archive-date=December 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201222000159/https://seekingalpha.com/news/3482663-kellogg-closes-on-keebler-sale |url-status=live }}</ref> Kellogg's kept the Keebler cracker line and replaced the Keebler name on their crackers with the Kellogg's name.

In June 2019, Kellogg's announced their next-generation ''Kellogg's® Better Days'' global commitment, focusing on hunger, children, and farmers, with specific targets to reach by 2030.<ref>{{Cite press release|publisher=Kellogg Company|title=Kellogg Company unveils ambitious next-generation Kellogg's® Better Days global commitment to address food security; driving positive change for people, communities and the planet by the end of 2030|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-unveils-ambitious-next-generation-kelloggs-better-days-global-commitment-to-address-food-security-driving-positive-change-for-people-communities-and-the-planet-by-the-end-of-2030-300860780.html|access-date=July 11, 2020|website=prnewswire.com|language=en|archive-date=July 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712234808/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-unveils-ambitious-next-generation-kelloggs-better-days-global-commitment-to-address-food-security-driving-positive-change-for-people-communities-and-the-planet-by-the-end-of-2030-300860780.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In October 2019, Kellogg's partnered with [[GLAAD]] by "launching a new limited edition "All Together Cereal" and donating $50,000 to support GLAAD's anti-bullying and LGBTQ advocacy efforts". The All Together cereal combined six mini cereal boxes into one package to bring attention to anti-bullying.<ref>{{Cite press release|publisher=Kellogg Company|title=Kellogg Company Partners With GLAAD For Spirit Day, Launching New 2019 Edition of "All Together" Cereal|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-partners-with-glaad-for-spirit-day-launching-new-2019-edition-of-all-together-cereal-300940179.html|access-date=July 11, 2020|website=prnewswire.com|language=en|archive-date=July 11, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200711065049/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-partners-with-glaad-for-spirit-day-launching-new-2019-edition-of-all-together-cereal-300940179.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In January 2020, Kellogg's decided to work with suppliers to phase out the use of [[glyphosate]] by 2025, which some farmers have used as a drying agent for wheat and oats supplied to Kellogg's.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Kellogg's pledges to reduce glyphosate, active ingredient in Roundup, in its supply chain|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/01/27/kelloggs-quietly-commits-reducing-widely-used-herbicide-supply-chain-only-farmers-didnt-know-about-it/|access-date=July 11, 2020|via=webcache.googleusercontent.com|archive-date=July 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714053346/https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AaVp3dt448O4J%3Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2020%2F01%2F27%2Fkelloggs-quietly-commits-reducing-widely-used-herbicide-supply-chain-only-farmers-didnt-know-about-it%2F+&cd=8&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In October 2021, workers at all of Kellogg's cereal-producing plants in the United States [[2021 Kellogg's strike|went on a strike]] conducted by the [[Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers' International Union]] over disagreements over the terms of a new labor contract.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Funk|first=Josh|date=October 5, 2021|others=With contributions from Dee-Ann Durbin|title=Workers at all of Kellogg's U.S. cereal plants go on strike|url=https://apnews.com/article/kelloggs-cereal-plants-strike-d9185eb8fa9054d34a078063c3db6c33|url-status=live|access-date=October 6, 2021|website=[[AP News]]|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|language=en|archive-date=October 6, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006125833/https://apnews.com/article/kelloggs-cereal-plants-strike-d9185eb8fa9054d34a078063c3db6c33}}</ref> On December 3, 2021, a tentative deal was struck to end the worker strike,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hernandez|first=Joe|date=December 2, 2021|title=Kellogg and its cereal workers union reach a tentative deal to end 2-month strike|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2021/12/02/1060954313/kellogg-and-its-cereal-workers-union-reach-a-tentative-deal-to-end-2-month-strik|access-date=December 4, 2021|archive-date=December 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204000608/https://www.npr.org/2021/12/02/1060954313/kellogg-and-its-cereal-workers-union-reach-a-tentative-deal-to-end-2-month-strik|url-status=live}}</ref> but the union members overwhelmingly rejected the tentative agreement<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bandur|first=Michelle|date=December 7, 2021|title=No Deal: Union says it has rejected latest offer from Kellogg's|url=https://www.ketv.com/article/no-deal-union-says-it-has-rejected-latest-offer-from-kelloggs/38450539|url-status=live|access-date=December 8, 2021|work=[[KETV]]|language=en-US|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140319/https://www.ketv.com/article/no-deal-union-says-it-has-rejected-latest-offer-from-kelloggs/38450539}}</ref> and Kellogg's management announced they would seek to replace all 1,400 striking workers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=December 7, 2021|title=Kellogg to replace 1,400 strikers as deal is rejected|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/07/kellogg-strike-workers-pay|url-status=live|access-date=December 8, 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|language=en-US|archive-date=December 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212140528/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/dec/07/kellogg-strike-workers-pay}}</ref> On December 21, 2021, about 1,400 Kellogg workers approved a collective bargaining agreement, ending the strike, which had lasted 77 days.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Scheiber|first=Noam|date=December 21, 2021|title=Kellogg workers ratify a revised contract after being on strike since October.|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/21/business/economy/kellogg-union-strike-contract.html|access-date=December 21, 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224123725/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/21/business/economy/kellogg-union-strike-contract.html|archive-date=December 24, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=December 21, 2021|title=Kellogg's Strike Ends: BCTGM Members Ratify New Contract|url=https://bctgm.org/2021/12/21/kelloggs-strike-ends-bctgm-members-ratify-new-contract/|access-date=December 21, 2021|website=BCTGM {{!}} The Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211224124037/https://bctgm.org/2021/12/21/kelloggs-strike-ends-bctgm-members-ratify-new-contract/|archive-date=December 24, 2021}}</ref><ref name="kelloggnews">{{Cite web|url=https://newsroom.kelloggcompany.com/2021-12-16-Kellogg-Company-Reaches-New-Tentative-Agreement-with-Union|title=Kellogg Company Reaches New Tentative Agreement with Union|publisher=Kellogg|date=December 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221222216/https://newsroom.kelloggcompany.com/2021-12-16-Kellogg-Company-Reaches-New-Tentative-Agreement-with-Union|archive-date=December 21, 2021}}</ref>

On June 21, 2022, Kellogg's announced that the company would spin off three cereal, snacks, and plant-based food divisions.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ott|first=Matt|title=Kellogg to split into 3; snacks, cereals, plant-based food|url=https://apnews.com/article/chicago-michigan-battle-creek-kellogg-co-cc6e8bb271de40337a0b8fec4a0aa011|work=Associated Press|date=June 21, 2022|access-date=June 21, 2022|archive-date=June 21, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621114614/https://apnews.com/article/chicago-michigan-battle-creek-kellogg-co-cc6e8bb271de40337a0b8fec4a0aa011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=KELLOGG COMPANY ANNOUNCES SEPARATION OF TWO BUSINESSES AS BOLD NEXT STEPS IN PORTFOLIO TRANSFORMATION|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-announces-separation-of-two-businesses-as-bold-next-steps-in-portfolio-transformation-301571883.html|publisher=Kellogg Company|date=June 21, 2022|via=PR Newswire|access-date=March 27, 2023|archive-date=July 12, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712053524/https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-announces-separation-of-two-businesses-as-bold-next-steps-in-portfolio-transformation-301571883.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The North American cereal and plant-based food spin-off companies will keep Battle Creek as their headquarters and the new snack and international cereal company will be based in Chicago.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Miller |first1=Kevin |title=Kellogg Will Split Into Three Companies to Promote Growth |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=June 21, 2022 |work=Bloomberg.com |date=June 21, 2022 |language=en |archive-date=March 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312211557/https://www.bloomberg.com/?sref=CIpmV6x8 |url-status=live }}</ref> The successor company, known as Global Snacking Co. temporarily, represents 80 percent or $11.4 billion of Kellogg's sales. 60 percent of Global Snacking's business was snacks, and nearly half of the company's business was in the United States. The cereal business, temporarily called North America Cereal Co., would be the second-largest American cereal company and the largest in Canada and the Caribbean, with 5 of the top 11 brands and $2.4 billion in annual sales. Plant-based foods, representing $340 million in annual sales, would be called "Plant Co." and could even be sold.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Springer |first1=Jon |title=Kellogg bets on snacking—what the breakup means for brands: The food giant will spin off breakfast cereal and plant-based units |work =[[Ad Age]] |date=June 27, 2022 |volume=93 |issue=10 |page=1 }}</ref> In January 2023, Kellogg's shelved its plans to spin off its plant food business and would retain it as part of Global Snacking Co.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kellogg-beats-quarterly-sales-estimates-2023-02-09/|first=Mehr|last=Bedi|title=Kellogg's sales and profit beat estimates, to retain plant-based meat business|work=Reuters|date=February 9, 2023|access-date=February 18, 2023|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218225401/https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kellogg-beats-quarterly-sales-estimates-2023-02-09/|url-status=live}}</ref> On March 15, 2023, Kellogg's announced that the North America Cereal Co. will be formally named '''WK Kellogg Co.''' while the Global Snacking Co. will be called '''Kellanova'''. The [[ticker symbol]] "K" will be used by Kellanova on the NYSE.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/15/business/kellogg-kellanova-spin-off-brands|first=Jordan|last=Valinsky|title=Cheez-It and Pringles company gets a new name|work=CNN|date=March 15, 2023|access-date=March 15, 2023|archive-date=March 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315171410/https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/15/business/kellogg-kellanova-spin-off-brands/|url-status=live}}</ref> The split was completed on October 2, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Company |first=Kellogg |title=KELLOGG COMPANY BOARD OF DIRECTORS APPROVES SEPARATION INTO TWO COMPANIES, KELLANOVA AND WK KELLOGG CO |url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kellogg-company-board-of-directors-approves-separation-into-two-companies-kellanova-and-wk-kellogg-co-301922760.html |access-date=2023-09-19 |website=www.prnewswire.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Finances ==
For the fiscal year 2017, Kellogg's reported earnings of US$1.269 billion, with an annual revenue of US$12.932 billion, a decline of 0.7% over the previous fiscal cycle. Kellogg's market capitalization was valued at over US$22.1 billion in November 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.annualreports.com/Company/kellogg-company|title= Kellogg Company|website= annualreports.com|access-date= December 3, 2018|archive-date= October 22, 2020|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201022225209/https://www.annualreports.com/Company/kellogg-company|url-status= live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
!Revenue in mil. US$
!Net income in mil. US$
!Total Assets in mil. US$
!Citation
|-
|2005
|10,177
|980
|10,575
|
|-
|2006
|10,907
|1,004
|10,714
|
|-
|2007
|11,776
|1,103
|11,397
|
|-
|2008
|12,822
|1,148
|10,946
|
|-
|2009
|12,575
| 1,212
|11,200
|
|-
|2010
|12,397
| 1,287
|11,847
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2011
|13,198
|866
|11,943
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2012
|14,197
|961
|15,169
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2013
|14,792
|1,807
|15,474
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2014
|14,580
|632
|15,153
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2015
|13,525
| 614
|15,251
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2016
|13,014
|694
|15,111
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2017
|12,923
|1,269
|16,351
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2018
|13,547
|1,336
|17,780
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2019
|13,578
|960
|17,564
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2020
|13,770
|1,251
|17,996
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2021
|14,181
|1,488
|18,178
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kellogg Revenue 2010-2022 {{!}} K |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |access-date=June 14, 2022 |website=www.macrotrends.net |archive-date=April 4, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404175008/https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/K/kellogg/revenue |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== Brands ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Bear Naked, Inc.]]
* [[Cheez-It]] Crackers
* [[Eggo]]
* [[Fruit Winders]]
* Fruity Snacks
* [[Kashi (company)]]
* [[Krave (cereal)|Krave]]
* [[Morningstar Farms]]
* [[Club Crackers]]
* Nutri-Grain
* [[Pop-Tarts]]
* [[Pringles]]
* [[Rxbar]]
* [[Sunshine Biscuits]]
* Town House
* Zesta Crackers
* [[Carr's]]
* [[Rice Krispies Treats]]
* Incogmeato
* [[Froot Loops]]
* Joybol
* [[All-Bran]]
* [[Apple Jacks]]
* Austin Sandwich Cookies
* [[Corn Pops]]
* [[Cracklin' Oat Bran]]
* [[Crispix]]
* [[Frosted Mini-Wheats]]
* [[Gardenburger]]
* [[Honey Smacks]]
* Jumbo Snax Cereal
* [[Frosted Flakes]]
* [[Corn flakes]]
* Frozen Breakfast
* [[Raisin bran]]
* Mueslix Cereal
* Pure Organic Fruit Bars
* Smart Start Cereal
* [[Smorz]]
* Toasteds Crackers
* [[Special K]]
{{div col end}}

=== Cereal ===

[[File:BlotterKelloggsCornFlakesAdvertizement1910s.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Advertisement, 1910s]]
A list of cereal products produced by Kellogg's, with available varieties:
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[All-Bran]]: All-Bran Original, All-Bran Bran Buds, All-Bran Bran Flakes (UK), All-Bran Extra Fiber, All-Bran Guardian (Canada)
* [[Apple Jacks]]
* Apple Jacks Apple vs Cinnamon Limited Edition
* Apple Jacks 72 Flavor Blast (Germany)
* [[Bran Buds]] (New Zealand)
* [[Bran Flakes]]
* [[Chocos]] (India, Europe)
* Chocolate Corn Flakes: a chocolate version of Corn Flakes. First sold in the UK in 1998 (as Choco Corn Flakes or Choco Flakes), but discontinued a few years later. Re-released in 2011.
* [[Mini Swirlz|Cinnabon]]
* [[Mini Swirlz|Cinnamon Mini Buns]]
* Coco Pops Coco Rocks
* Coco Pops Special Edition Challenger Spaceship
* Coco Pops Crunchers
* Coco Pops Mega Munchers
* Coco Pops Moons and Stars
* [[Cocoa Krispies]] or Coco Pops (also called Choco Pops in France, Choco Krispies in Portugal, Spain, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, Choco Krispis in Latin America)
* Cocoa Flakes
* [[Corn flakes|Corn Flakes]]
* [[Complete Wheat Bran Flakes]]/Bran Flakes
* [[Corn Pops]]
* [[Country Store (cereal)|Country Store]]
* [[Cracklin' Oat Bran]]
* Crayola Jazzberry Cereal: In 2021, Kellogg and Crayola teamed up to create a fruit flavored cereal with a coloring book on the box.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fitzpatrick |first=Caitlyn |url=https://www.bestproducts.com/lifestyle/a35047515/kelloggs-crayola-jazzberry-cereal/ |title=Kellogg's is Releasing a Crayola Cereal with a Box That Doubles as a Coloring Book |work=BestProducts.com |publisher=Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. |date=December 20, 2020 |access-date=February 1, 2021 |archive-date=January 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118010023/https://www.bestproducts.com/lifestyle/a35047515/kelloggs-crayola-jazzberry-cereal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Crispix]]
* Crunch: Caramel Nut Crunch, Cran-Vanilla Crunch, Toasted Honey Crunch
* [[Crunchy Nut]] (formerly Crunchy Nut Cornflakes)
* Crunch Nut Bran
* [[Cruncheroos]]
* [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] cereals: [[Disney Hunny B's Honey-Graham]], [[Disney Mickey's Magix]], Disney Mud & Bugs, [[Pirates of the Caribbean]], [[Disney Princess]]
* Donut Shop
* [[Eggo (breakfast cereal)|Eggo]]
* Extra (Muesli): Fruit and Nut, Fruit Magic, Nut Delight
* [[Froot Loops]]: Froot Loops, Froot Loops {{frac|1|3}} Less Sugar, Marshmallow Froot Loops, Froot Bloopers
* [[Frosted Flakes]] (Frosties outside of the US/Canada): Kellogg's Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Frosted Flakes {{frac|1|3}}Kellogg's Banana Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Birthday Confetti Frosted Flakes, Kellogg's Cocoa Frosted Flakes, Less Sugar, Tony's Cinnamon Krunchers, Honey Nut
* [[Frosted Mini-Wheats]] (known in the UK as Toppas until the early 1990s, when the name was changed to Frosted Wheats. The name Toppas is still applied to this product in other parts of Europe, as in Germany and Austria)
* Fruit Harvest: Fruit Harvest Apple Cinnamon, Fruit Harvest Peach Strawberry, Fruit Harvest Strawberry Blueberry
* [[Fruit 'n Fibre]] (not related to the [[Post Cereals|Post cereal]] of the same name sold in the US)
* [[Fruit snack|Fruit Winders]] (UK)
* Genmai Flakes (Japan)
* Guardian (Australia, NZ, Canada)
* Happy Inside: Bold Blueberry, Simply Strawberry, Coconut Crunch
* [[Honey Loops]] (formerly Honey Nut Loops)
* Honey Nut Corn Flakes
* [[Honey Smacks]] (US)/Smacks (other markets)
* [[Jif (peanut butter)|Jif Peanut Butter Cereal]] (US only)
* [[Just Right]]: Just Right Original, Just Right Fruit & Nut, Just Right Just Grains, Just Right Tropical, Just Right Berry & Apple, Just Right Crunchy Blends – Cranberry, Almond & Sultana (Australia/NZ), Just Right Crunchy Blends – Apple, Date & Sultana (Australia/NZ)
* Khampa Tsampa- Roasted Barley ([[Tibet (1912–1951)|Tibet]])<ref>{{cite book |last1=Knaus |first1=John Kenneth |title=Orphans of the Cold War: America and the Tibetan Struggle for Survival |date=1999 |publisher=PublicAffairs |location=New York |isbn=9781891620850 |page=280 |quote=They were supplied with a special version of their staple diet of barley (''tsampa'') enriched with vitamins and nutrient supplements. This cereal had been developed with the help of the Kellogg Company by the CIA Tibetan Task Force's team doctor, Edward 'Manny' Gunn, who had taken on the problem of finding a ration that would provide the energy the guerrillas needed to operate in these extremes of altitude and temperature. By 1963, loads of 'Khampa ''tsampa'' ' were being shipped to the Roof of the World. |edition=1st |url= https://archive.org/details/orphansofcoldwar00john/page/280/mode/2up |access-date=September 16, 2020}}</ref>
* Kombos
* [[Krave (cereal)|Krave]] – chocolate cereal introduced in the UK in 2010, then rolled out in Europe as ''Tresor'' or ''Trésor'' in 2011, and in North America in 2012
* Komplete (Australia)
* Low-Fat Granola: Low-Fat Granola, Low-Fat Granola with Raisins
* Mini Max
* [[Mini Swirlz]]
* Mini-Wheats: Mini-Wheats Frosted Original, Mini-Wheats Frosted Bite Size, Mini-Wheats Frosted Maple & Brown Sugar, Mini-Wheats Raisin, Mini-Wheats Strawberry, Mini-Wheats Vanilla Creme, Mini-Wheats Strawberry Delight, Mini-Wheats Blackcurrant
* Mueslix: Mueslix with Raisins, Dates & Almonds
* [[Nutri-Grain]]
* Nut Feast
* Oat Bran: [[Cracklin' Oat Bran]]

* Optivita
* [[Pop-Tarts]] Bites: Frosted Strawberry, Frosted Brown Sugar Cinnamon
* [[Raisin Bran]]/Sultana Bran: Raisin Bran, Raisin Bran Crunch, Sultana Bran (Australia/NZ), Sultana Bran Crunch (Australia/NZ)
* [[Raisin Wheats]]
* [[Rice Krispies]]/Rice Bubbles: Rice Krispies, Frosted Rice Krispies ([[Ricicles]] in the UK), Gluten Free Rice Krispies, Rice Bubbles, LCMs, Rice Krispies Cocoa (Canada only), Rice Crispies Multi-Grain Shapes, Rice Krispies Treats Cereal<ref name="urlesque.com" />
* [[Rocky Mountain Chocolate Factory]] Chocolatey Almond cereal
* [[Scooby-Doo]] cereal: Cinnamon Marshmallow Scooby-Doo! Cereal
* Smart Start: Smart Start, Smart Start Soy Protein Cereal
* [[Smorz]]
* [[Special K]]: Special K, Special K low carb lifestyle, Special K Red Berries, Special K Vanilla Almond, Special K Honey & Almond (Australia), Special K Forest Berries (Australia), Special K Purple Berries (UK), Special K Light Muesli Mixed Berries & Apple (Australia/NZ), Special K Light Muesli Peach & Mango flavour (Australia/NZ), Special K Dark Chocolate (Belgium), Special K Milk Chocolate (Belgium), Special K Sustain (UK)
* [[Spider-Man]] cereal: Spider-Man Spidey-Berry
* [[SpongeBob SquarePants]] cereal: Kelpo
* Strawberry Pops (South Africa)
* Super Mario Cereal
* Sustain: Sustain, Sustain Selection
* Tresor (Europe)
* Variety
* Vector (Canada only)
* Yeast bites with honey
* Kringelz (formerly known as ZimZ!): mini cinnamon-flavored spirals. Only sold in Germany and Austria<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.kelloggs.at/produkte/language-DE/detail-38074.html| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110706092944/http://www.kelloggs.at/produkte/language-DE/detail-38074.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 6, 2011| title=Kringelz - Produkte |website= Kelloggs.de |date=July 6, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kelloggs.de/produkte/language-FR/detail-38074.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719052343/http://www.kelloggs.de/produkte/language-FR/detail-38074.html|url-status= dead| archive-date=July 19, 2011|title=Kringelz - Produkte |website= Kelloggs.at |date=July 19, 2011}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Discontinued cereals and foods ===
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}}
[[file:1917 ad for Kellogg's Krumbles.jpg|right|thumb|1917 advertisement for Krumbles]]

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Banana Bubbles<ref>{{cite web |last1=Week |first1=Marketing |title=Kellogg to axe weakest brands |url=https://www.marketingweek.com/kellogg-to-axe-weakest-brands/ |website=Marketing Week |access-date=October 3, 2021 |language=en |date=November 22, 1996 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003202927/https://www.marketingweek.com/kellogg-to-axe-weakest-brands/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
: Banana-flavoured variation of Rice Krispies. First appeared in the UK in 1995, but discontinued shortly thereafter.
* Banana Frosted Flakes<ref>{{cite web |title=Discontinued Cereals List - Kellogg's, Post, General Mills, Nabisco, Ralston, Quaker Cereal |url=https://www.discontinuedfavorites.com/discontinued-cereals/ |website=Discontinued Favorites |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003202928/https://www.discontinuedfavorites.com/discontinued-cereals/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Bart Simpson]]'s No Problem-O's and [[Bart Simpson]]'s Eat My Shorts<ref>{{cite web |title=Kellogg's Bart Simpson's No Problemo's Cereal UK 2002 Advert |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDSbkOeudF4 | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/RDSbkOeudF4| archive-date=October 30, 2021|website=Youtube |access-date=October 3, 2021 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What's In The Box? - 2003 Kelloggs Bart Simpsons Eat My Shorts Cereal |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwvX2ZyAZxA | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/JwvX2ZyAZxA| archive-date=October 30, 2021|website=Youtube |access-date=October 3, 2021 |language=en}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
: Sold in the UK for a limited period
* [[Bart Simpson]] Peanut Butter Chocolate Crunch Cereal<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com">{{cite web |url = http://grub.gunaxin.com/a-tribute-to-discontinued-cereals/11570 |title = A Tribute to Discontinued Cereals |work = Gunaxin Grub |date = March 5, 2009 |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = August 23, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180823114334/https://grub.gunaxin.com/a-tribute-to-discontinued-cereals/11570 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Bigg Mixx cereal<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* Buckwheat & Maple<ref>{{cite web| work= The Ottawa Journal| title= [Kellogg advertisement]| date= March 8, 1975| via= Newspapers.com| url= https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/48500058/| access-date= March 1, 2021| archive-date= January 16, 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210116214130/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/48500058/| url-status= live}}</ref>
* Buzz Blasts (based on [[Buzz Lightyear]] from the ''[[Toy Story]]'' movies)<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* [[C-3PO]]'s cereal: Introduced in 1984 and inspired by the multi-lingual droid from ''[[Star Wars]]'', the cereal called itself "a New (crunchy) Force at Breakfast" and was composed of "twin rings phased together for two crunches in every double-O". In other words, they were shaped like the digit 8. After severing the cereal's ties to ''[[Star Wars]]'', the company renamed it Pro-Grain and promoted it with sports-oriented commercials.<ref>{{cite web |title=1984 - Kellogg's - Canada - C-3PO Cereal Cards |url=http://starwarscards.net/checklists/1984-kelloggs-canada-c-3po-cereal-cards/ |website=StarWarsCards.net |access-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003204432/http://starwarscards.net/checklists/1984-kelloggs-canada-c-3po-cereal-cards/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Cinnamon Crunch Crispix]]
* [[Cinnamon Mini-Buns]]
* Cocoa Hoots: Manufactured briefly in the early 1970s, this cereal resembled [[Cheerios]] but was chocolate-flavored. The mascot was a cartoon character named Newton the Owl, and one of its commercials featured a young [[Jodie Foster]].
* Coco Pops Strawss
* Complete Oat Bran Flakes
* Concentrate<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=1143 |title = Concentrate Cereal |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = December 3, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201203043219/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=1143 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Corn Flakes with Instant Bananas
* Corn Soya cereal
* Crunchy Loggs<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* Double Dip Crunch<ref name="urlesque.com">{{cite web |url = http://www.urlesque.com/2011/03/02/54-vintage-cereals/ |title = Comedy News, Viral Videos, Late Night TV, Political Humor, Funny Slideshows|work = The Huffington Post |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120302124917/http://www.urlesque.com/2011/03/02/54-vintage-cereals/ |archive-date = March 2, 2012 }}</ref>
* Eggo Waf-Fulls
* Frosted Krispies
* Frosted Rice: This was a combination of Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies, using Rice Krispies with frosting on them. Tony Jr. was the brand's mascot.
* Fruit Twistables
* Fruity Marshmallow Krispies
* Golden Crackles
* Golden Oatmeal Crunch (later revised to Golden Crunch)
* Gro-Pup Dog Food and Dog Biscuits
* Heartwise (which contained [[psyllium]], an Indian-grown grain used as a laxative and cholesterol-reducer)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_ucp_slideshow.asp?id=721&picid=2642 |title = Heartwise (Kellogg's): Heartwise Cereal Box |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = May 5, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210505225726/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_ucp_slideshow.asp?id=721&picid=2642 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Homer's Cinnamon Donut Cereal (based on ''[[The Simpsons]]'' TV cartoon)<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* Kenmei Rice Bran cereal<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.buzzfeed.com/briangalindo/26-cereals-from-the-90s-you-will-never-eat-again |title = 26 Cereals From The '90s You'll Never Be Able To Eat Again |work = BuzzFeed.com |access-date = September 2, 2017 |archive-date = April 23, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170423121512/https://www.buzzfeed.com/briangalindo/26-cereals-from-the-90s-you-will-never-eat-again/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
* KOMBOs (orange, strawberry and chocolate flavors)<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" /><ref name="cbsnews.com">{{cite web |url = https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/breakfast-cereal-mascots-beloved-and-bizarre/17/ |title = Breakfast cereal mascots: Beloved and bizarre |work = cbsnews.com |access-date = March 27, 2023 |archive-date = October 31, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201031234139/https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/breakfast-cereal-mascots-beloved-and-bizarre/17/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
* [[Kream Krunch]]
* Krumbles cereal:<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=216 |title = Krumbles Cereal |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = December 4, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201204081050/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=216 |url-status = live }}</ref> Manufactured from approximately the 1920s to the mid-1960s; based on shreds of wheat but different from shredded wheat in texture. Unlike the latter, it tended to remain crisp in milk. In the Chicago area, Krumbles was available into the late 1960s. It was also high in fiber, although that attribute was not in vogue at the time.
* Marshmallow Krispies (later revised to Fruity Marshmallow Krispies)<ref name="urlesque.com" />
* Most
* Mr. T's Muscle Crunch (1983–1985)
* Nut & Honey Crunch<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* OJ's ("All the Vitamin C of a 4-oz. Glass of Orange Juice")<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.fearnet.com/news/list/ten-weirdest-creepiest-breakfast-cereals-ever-made |title = Chiller – Scary Good |work = fearnet.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = July 25, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140725100642/http://www.fearnet.com/news/list/ten-weirdest-creepiest-breakfast-cereals-ever-made |url-status = live }}</ref>
* OKs cereal (early 1960s): Oat-based cereal physically resembling the competing brand Cheerios, with half the OKs shaped like letter O's and the other half shaped like K's, but did not taste like Cheerios. OKs originally featured Big Otis, a giant, burly Scotsman, on the box; this was replaced by the more familiar Yogi Bear.
* [[Pep Cereal|Pep]]: Best remembered as the sponsor of the [[The Adventures of Superman (radio)|Superman]] [[radio serial]].
* [[Pokémon]] Cereal: A limited edition cereal that contained marshmallow shapes in the forms of Gen I Pokémon Pikachu, Oddish, Poliwhirl and Ditto. They later returned with marshmallows formed like Cleffa, Wobbuffet and Pichu for a short time.
* Pop-Tarts Crunch<ref name="urlesque.com" />
* [[The Powerpuff Girls|Powerpuff Girls]] Cereal
* [[Product 19]]: Discontinued in 2016
* Pro Grain<ref>{{cite web |title=PRO GRAIN |url=https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=1154 |website=MrBreakfast.com |access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Puffa Puffa Rice]] (late 1960s–early 1970s)
* Raisin Squares<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=306 |title = Raisin Squares Cereal |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = December 12, 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201212013218/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=306 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Raisins Rice and Rye<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=686 |title = Raisins Rice & Rye Cereal |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = April 12, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210412054820/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=686 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Razzle Dazzle Rice Krispies
* [[Ricicles]]
* Sugar Stars/Stars/All-Stars cereal
* Strawberry Rice Krispies
* Strawberry Splitz
* 3 Point Pops<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=900 |title = 3 Point Pops Cereal |work = MrBreakfast.com |access-date = March 30, 2014 |archive-date = April 14, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210414234004/https://www.mrbreakfast.com/cereal_detail.asp?id=900 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Tony's Cinnamon Krunchers<ref name="grub.gunaxin.com" />
* [[Tony's Turboz]]
* Triple Snack<ref name="cbsnews.com" />
* Yogos: Discontinued in 2011
* Yogos (Berry, Mango, Strawberry, 72 Flavor Blast (Germany), Cookies and Cream, Tacos (Mexico))
* [[Yogos Rollers]]: Discontinued in 2009
* Zimz: Cinnamon Cereal Discontinued
* [[Start (cereal)|Start]] (UK)
{{div col end}}

== Marketing ==
[[File:Sample Kellogg's Sans typeface.png|thumbnail|right|Kellogg's Sans (typeface used by Kellogg's)]]
Various methods have been used in the company's history to promote the company and its brands. Among these is the design of the Kellogg's logo by [[Ferris Crane]] under the art direction of the typeface designer [[Y. Ames]].{{citation needed |date=September 2025}} Another was the well-remembered jingle "K E double-L, O double-good, Kellogg's best to you!".{{citation needed |date=September 2025}}

With the rising popularity of [[patent medicine]] in early 20th century advertising, [[The Kellogg Company]] of Canada published a book named ''A New Way of Living'' that showed readers "how to achieve a new way of living; how to preserve vitality; how to maintain enthusiasm and energy; how to get the most out of life because of a physical ability to enjoy it". It touted the All-Bran cereal as the secret to leading "normal" lives free of constipation.<ref>{{cite book| year= 1932| url= https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/patent%3APatMed_a_0214| title= A New Way of Living| publisher= Kellogg Company of Canada| page= 2| access-date= October 19, 2018| archive-date= October 20, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181020011700/https://fishercollections.library.utoronto.ca/islandora/object/patent%3APatMed_a_0214| url-status= live}}</ref>

Kellogg's was a major sponsor throughout the run of the hit [[CBS]] panel show ''[[What's My Line?]]''<ref name="whatsmyline">{{cite web |url = https://thefadeout.wordpress.com/2014/04/29/whats-my-line-a-treasure-trove/ |title = ''What's My Line?'': A Treasure Trove |first = David |last = Robbins |date = April 29, 2014 |access-date = December 25, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141222210307/https://thefadeout.wordpress.com/2014/04/29/whats-my-line-a-treasure-trove/ |archive-date = December 22, 2014 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref> It and its associated products Frosted Flakes and Rice Krispies were also major sponsors for the [[PBS Kids]] children's animated series ''[[Dragon Tales]]''.<ref name="dragontales">{{cite web |url = http://www2.ctw.org/preschool/dragontales/fun/0,4265,,00.html |website= CTW.org| publisher= [[Children's Television Workshop]]| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000620085012/http://www2.ctw.org/preschool/dragontales/fun/0%2C4265%2C%2C00.html |title = CTW – ''Dragon Tales'' – Fun & Games!|archive-date = June 20, 2000 |access-date = December 5, 2014 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Kellogg's is a sponsor of USA Gymnastics and produced the Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics, a 36-city tour held in 2016 after the Olympic games and featured performances by recent medal-winning gymnasts from the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggstour.com |title = Kellogg's Tour of Gymnastics Champions |website = Kelloggstour.com |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160930205501/http://www.kelloggstour.com/ |archive-date = September 30, 2016 |url-status = dead }}</ref>

Kellogg's is currently the title sponsor of three college football [[bowl game]]s. First, it was announced in 2019 that Kellogg's would become the new title sponsor of the [[Sun Bowl]] game, with the game being branded as the "[[Tony the Tiger]] Sun Bowl".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2019/08/20/sun-bowl-tony-the-tiger-sponsor-university-of-texas-at-el-paso/2063685001/|title=It's official: The Sun Bowl grabs 'Tony the Tiger' as a sponsor|last1=Bedoya|first1=Aaron A.|last2=Bloomquist|first2=Bret|work=El Paso Times|language=en|access-date=September 4, 2019|archive-date=March 27, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327164755/https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2019/08/20/sun-bowl-tony-the-tiger-sponsor-university-of-texas-at-el-paso/2063685001/|url-status=live}}</ref> This was followed in 2020 by the company using its Cheez-It brand to sponsor of the game now known as the [[Pop-Tarts Bowl]].<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://cheezitbowl.com/2020/05/26/cheez-it-bowl-heads-to-orlando-to-join-florida-citrus-sports-beginning-with-2020-season/ |title=Cheez-It® Heads To Orlando To Join Florida Citrus Sports Beginning With 2020 Season |publisher=Cheez-It Bowl |date=May 27, 2020 |access-date=May 27, 2020 |archive-date=September 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928110452/https://cheezitbowl.com/2020/05/26/cheez-it-bowl-heads-to-orlando-to-join-florida-citrus-sports-beginning-with-2020-season/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 2022, Kellogg's added the [[Citrus Bowl]] to its bowl sponsorships, with the game branded as the "Cheez-It Citrus Bowl".<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://dmedmedia.disney.com/cheez-it_joins_citrus_bowl_as_title_partner_for_the_newly_named_cheez-it_citrus_bowl|title=Cheez-It® Joins Citrus Bowl As Title Partner for the Newly Named Cheez-It® Citrus Bowl|publisher=Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution|date=November 15, 2022|url-status=dead|access-date=February 26, 2023|archive-date=December 8, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208120912/https://dmedmedia.disney.com/cheez-it_joins_citrus_bowl_as_title_partner_for_the_newly_named_cheez-it_citrus_bowl}}</ref>

=== Premiums and prizes ===
W.K. Kellogg was the first to introduce [[Prize (marketing)|prizes]] in boxes of cereal. The marketing strategy that he established has produced thousands of different [[cereal box prize]]s that have been distributed by the tens of billions.<ref name="promomagazine.com">{{cite web |first= Rod |last= Taylor |url = http://promomagazine.com/campaigns/marketing_good_old_days/ |title = Kelloggs history, William Keith (W. K.) Kellogg legacy | Promotional Marketing content from Chief Marketer |publisher = Promomagazine.com |date = September 1, 2003 |access-date = November 18, 2012 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120208221814/http://promomagazine.com/campaigns/marketing_good_old_days/ |archive-date = February 8, 2012 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

==== Children's premiums ====
Beginning in 1909, [[Corn flakes|Kellogg's Corn Flakes]] had the first cereal [[Premium (marketing)|premium]] with ''The Funny Jungleland Moving Pictures Book.'' The book was originally available as a [[Prize (marketing)|prize]] that was given to the customer in the store with the purchase of two packages of the cereal.<ref>{{cite web |first= Phil |last= Ament |url = http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/kelloggcf.htm |title = Corn Flakes History – Invention of Kellogg's Corn Flakes |publisher = Ideafinder.com |access-date = December 27, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101217111843/http://ideafinder.com/history/inventions/kelloggcf.htm |archive-date = December 17, 2010 |url-status = dead }}</ref> But in 1909, Kellogg's changed the book giveaway to a premium mail-in offer for the cost of a [[Dime (United States coin)|dime]]. Over 2.5 million copies of the book were distributed in different editions over a period of 23 years.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://timelines.com/1910/kelloggs-offers-first-cereal-premium-prize |title = Kellogg's Offers First Cereal Premium Prize |work = Timelines.com |access-date = December 27, 2010 |archive-date = April 7, 2013 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130407203454/http://timelines.com/1910/kelloggs-offers-first-cereal-premium-prize |url-status = live }}</ref>

==== Cereal box prizes ====
In 1945, Kellogg's inserted a [[Cereal box prize|prize]] in the form of [[pin-back button]]s into each box of Pep cereal. Pep pins have included [[U.S. Army]] squadrons as well as characters from newspaper comics and were available through 1947. There were five series of comic characters and 18 different buttons in each set, with a total of 90 in the collection.<ref name="promomagazine.com" /> Other manufacturers of major brands of cereal, including [[General Mills]], [[Malt-O-Meal Company|Malt-O-Meal]], [[Nestlé]], [[Post Foods]], and [[Quaker Oats Company|Quaker Oats]], followed suit and inserted prizes into boxes of cereal to promote sales and brand loyalty.

=== Mascots ===
Licensed brands have been omitted since the corresponding mascots would be obvious (for example, [[Spider-Man]] is the mascot for Spider-Man Spidey-Berry).

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Cocoa Hoots cereal: Newton the Owl
* [[Cocoa Krispies]] cereal (Known as Choco Krispis in Latin America, Choco Krispies in Germany, Austria, Spain, and Switzerland, Chocos in India, and Coco Pops in Australia, the UK, and Europe): Jose (monkey), Coco (monkey), Melvin (elephant), [[Snagglepuss]] ([[Hanna-Barbera]] character), Ogg (caveman), Tusk (elephant), and [[Snap, Crackle and Pop]] (who were also, and remain as of February 2014, the Rice Krispies mascots; see below)
* [[Corn flakes|Corn Flakes]] cereal: Cornelius (rooster)
* [[Frosted Flakes]] (known as Frosties outside the US/Canada, Zucaritas in Latin America and Sucrilhos in Brazil) cereal: [[Tony the Tiger]]
* [[Froot Loops]] cereal: [[Toucan Sam]]
* [[Honey Smacks]] (US)/Smacks (other markets) cereal: Dig 'Em Frog
* [[Raisin Bran]] cereal: Sunny the Sun
* [[Rice Krispies]] (known as [[Rice Bubbles]] in Australia and New Zealand) cereal: [[Snap, Crackle and Pop]]
* [[Ricicles]] (UK Only) cereal: Captain Rik
* [[Apple Jacks]] cereal: CinnaMon and Bad Apple
* [[Honey Loops]] cereal: Loopy (bumblebee), Pops (honey bee)
* Keebler cookies and crackers: Ernie and the Elves
{{div col end}}

=== Motorsports ===
Kellogg's made its first foray into auto racing between 1991 and 1992 when the company sponsored the #41 Chevrolets fielded by [[Larry Hedrick Motorsports]] in the [[NASCAR]] [[Sprint Cup Series|Winston Cup Series]] and driven by [[Phil Parsons]], [[Dave Marcis]], [[Greg Sacks]], [[Hut Stricklin]], and [[Richard Petty]], but they gained greater prominence for their sponsorship of two-time [[Winston Cup]] Champion [[Terry Labonte]] from 1993 to 2006, the last 12 years of that as the sponsor for [[Hendrick Motorsports]]' No.5 car. Kellogg's sponsored the No.5 car for Labonte, [[Kyle Busch]], [[Casey Mears]], and [[Mark Martin]] until 2010, and it then served as an associate sponsor for [[Carl Edwards]]' #99 car for [[Roush Fenway Racing]].

Kellogg's placed [[Dale Earnhardt]] on Kellogg's Corn Flakes boxes for 1993 six-time [[Winston Cup]] champion and 1994 seven-time Winston Cup champion, as well as [[Jeff Gordon]] on the Mini Wheats box for the 1993 Rookie of the Year, 1995 [[Brickyard 400]] inaugural race, 1997 Champion, and 1998 three-time champion, and a special three-pack racing box set with [[Dale Earnhardt]], [[Jeff Gordon]], Terry Labonte, and [[Dale Jarrett]] in 1996.

=== Merchandising ===
Kellogg's has used some merchandising for their products. Kellogg's once released ''Mission Nutrition'', a [[video game|PC game]] that came free with special packs of cereal. It played in a similar fashion as ''[[Donkey Kong Country]]''; users could play as Tony the Tiger, Coco the Monkey, or Snap, Crackle, and Pop. Kellogg's has also released "Talking" games. The two current versions are Talking Tony and Talking Sam. In these games, a microphone is used to play games and create voice commands for their computers. In Talking Tony, Tony the Tiger, one of Kellogg's most famous mascots, would be the main and only character in the game. In Talking Sam, Toucan Sam, another famous mascot, would be in the game, instead. Some [toy cars] have the Kellogg's logo on them, and occasionally their mascots.

There was also a Talking Snap Crackle and Pop software.

=== Olympic Games ===
Kellogg's frequently partners with the [[Olympic Games]] to feature American athletes from the Olympic Games on the packages of their cereal brands.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url = http://time.com/4450219/rio-2016-olympics-simone-biles-final-five-kelloggs-box/ |title = Simone Biles and the Final Five Land a Cereal Box—And It's Not Wheaties |magazine = Time |language = en |access-date = January 28, 2018 |archive-date = February 27, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170227032723/http://time.com/4450219/rio-2016-olympics-simone-biles-final-five-kelloggs-box/ |url-status = live }}</ref> In 2017, the company announced its marketing campaign for the [[2018 Winter Olympics|2018 Winter Olympic Games]] featuring American [[athlete]]s [[Nathan Chen]], [[Kelly Clark]], [[Meghan Duggan]] and Mike Schultz.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/kellogg-s-olympic-push-begins-winter-games/311072/ |title = Kellogg's Olympic Push Begins Well Before the Winter Games |work = Ad Age |access-date = January 28, 2018 |language = en |archive-date = December 28, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171228135209/http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/kellogg-s-olympic-push-begins-winter-games/311072/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

== Misleading claims ==

=== Advertising ===
{{quote box
| width = 170px|We expect more from a great American company than making dubious claims—not once, but twice—that its cereals improve children's health...|—Jon Leibowitz, Chairman of the F.T.C.<ref name="FTC1">{{cite web |url = http://www.ftc.gov./opa/2010/06/kellogg.shtm |title = FTC Investigation of Ad Claims that Rice Krispies Benefits Children's Immunity Leads to Stronger Order Against Kellogg |date = June 3, 2010 |publisher = FTC |access-date = June 4, 2010 |archive-date = June 5, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100605074858/http://ftc.gov/opa/2010/06/kellogg.shtm |url-status = live }}</ref>
}}

On June 3, 2010, Kellogg's was found to be making unsubstantiated and [[False advertising|misleading claims]] in advertising their cereal products by the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC).<ref name="FTC1" /><ref name="FTC commission finding">{{cite web|date=June 3, 2010|title=In the Matter of Kellogg Company, FTC Docket No. C-4262|url=http://www.ftc.gov/os/caselist/0823145/100602kelloggstatement.pdf|access-date=June 4, 2010|work=Concurring Statement of Commissioner Julie Brill and Chairman Jon Leibowitz|publisher=[[Federal Trade Commission]]|archive-date=August 6, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806022334/http://www.ftc.gov/os/caselist/0823145/100602kelloggstatement.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nyt1">{{Cite news|last=Chan|first=Sewell|date=June 4, 2010|title=Kellogg to Restrict Ads to Settle U.S. Inquiry Into Health Claims for Cereal|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/business/04ftc.html|access-date=June 4, 2010|archive-date=June 5, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605083122/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/04/business/04ftc.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kellogg's responded by stating "We stand behind the validity of our product claims and research, so we agreed to an order that covers those claims. We believe that the revisions to the existing consent agreement satisfied any remaining concerns."<ref name="nyt1" />

The FTC had previously found fault with Kellogg's claims that [[Frosted Mini-Wheats]] cereal improved kids' attentiveness by nearly 20%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Carey|first=Susan|date=June 4, 2010|title=Snap, Crackle, Slap: FTC Objects to Kellogg's Rice Krispies Health Claim|work=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703340904575284701223216466|access-date=|archive-date=September 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912144607/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703340904575284701223216466|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Children's Advertising Review Unit]] of the Council of [[Better Business Bureau]]s has also suggested that the language on Kellogg [[Pop-Tarts]] packages saying the pastries are "Made with Real Fruit" should be taken off the products.<ref name="MSN1">{{cite web|date=June 4, 2010|title=Feds say Kellogg ads mislead parents|url=http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=00000065-0000-0000-a6f1-1a0000000000&_blg=341|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324084430/http://money.msn.com/top-stocks/post.aspx?post=00000065-0000-0000-a6f1-1a0000000000&_blg=341|archive-date=March 24, 2012|access-date=June 4, 2010|work=Top Stocks|publisher=[[MSN Money]]}}</ref> In July 2012, the UK banned a "Special K" advertisement due to its citing caloric values that did not take into account the caloric value of milk consumed with the cereal.<ref>{{cite news|date=July 5, 2012|title=Britain bans Kellogg's for 'misleading' advertisement|work=The Times Of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Britain-bans-Kelloggs-for-misleading-advertisement/articleshow/14683911.cms|access-date=July 5, 2012|archive-date=July 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705105859/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/uk/Britain-bans-Kelloggs-for-misleading-advertisement/articleshow/14683911.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016 an ad telling UK consumers that Special K is “full of goodness” and “nutritious” was banned.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|date=July 20, 2016|title=Kellogg's Special K ads banned over 'full of goodness' and 'nutritious' claims|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/20/kelloggs-special-k-ads-banned-health-claims/|access-date=May 30, 2017|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518051208/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/20/kelloggs-special-k-ads-banned-health-claims|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Questionable nutritional value ===
Some of Kellogg's marketing has been questioned in the press, prompted by an increase in consumer awareness of the mismatch between the marketing messages and the products themselves.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/parents-fed-up-with-junk-food-ads-20111108-1n5h4.html| title= Parents fed up with junk food ads| work= [[The Age]]| date= November 9, 2011| access-date= | archive-date= November 11, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111111001454/http://www.theage.com.au/lifestyle/diet-and-fitness/parents-fed-up-with-junk-food-ads-20111108-1n5h4.html| url-status= live}}</ref>

Food bloggers are also questioning the marketing methods used by cereal manufacturing companies such as Kellogg's, due to their high sugar content and use of ingredients such as [[high-fructose corn syrup]].<ref>{{cite web| first= Richard |last= Enion| url= http://richeats.tv/?p=158 |title= Do Kellogg's Really Care About You? |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20191227021618/http://richeats.tv/?p=158 |archive-date= December 27, 2019 | website= richeats.tv| date= November 16, 2011| access-date= }}</ref>

=== 2021 Pop-Tarts lawsuit ===
A class-action lawsuit was filed against Kellogg's in October 2021 claiming they are not putting enough strawberries in their strawberry flavored [[Pop-Tarts]], and seeking $5 million in damages.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Geske|first1=Dawn|date=October 25, 2021|title=Kellogg's Sued Over Amount Of Strawberries In Pop-Tarts|work=[[International Business Times]]|url=https://www.ibtimes.com.au/kelloggs-sued-over-amount-strawberries-pop-tarts-1762581|access-date=October 25, 2021|archive-date=October 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025184147/https://www.ibtimes.com.au/kelloggs-sued-over-amount-strawberries-pop-tarts-1762581|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2022, the lawsuit was dismissed by a federal judge.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shivaram |first=Deepa |date=April 1, 2022 |title=A federal judge dismisses a lawsuit that claimed Pop-Tarts aren't strawberry enough |language=en |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090301198/pop-tarts-lawsuit-strawberry |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613230547/https://www.npr.org/2022/04/01/1090301198/pop-tarts-lawsuit-strawberry |url-status=live }}</ref>

Another lawsuit was filed against Kellog's in 2021, with the plaintiff claiming that Kellogg's defrauded customers regarding the contents of its Frosted Chocolate Fudge Pop-Tarts. The plaintiff stated she would not have purchased the Pop-Tarts had she known they did not contain milk, milkfat, or butter. In June 2022, a US district judge dismissed the lawsuit, stating that a reasonable consumer would not expect those ingredients.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stempel |first=Jonathan |date=June 3, 2022 |title=Kellogg's defeats lawsuit over Chocolate Fudge Pop-Tarts |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kelloggs-defeats-lawsuit-over-chocolate-fudge-pop-tarts-2022-06-03/ |access-date=June 14, 2022 |archive-date=June 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614192623/https://www.reuters.com/business/retail-consumer/kelloggs-defeats-lawsuit-over-chocolate-fudge-pop-tarts-2022-06-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Recalls ==

=== 2010 cereal recall ===
On June 25, the company voluntarily began to recall about 28 million boxes of [[Apple Jacks]], [[Corn Pops]], [[Froot Loops]] and [[Honey Smacks]] because of an unusual smell and flavor from the packages' liners that could make people ill. Kellogg's said about 20 people complained about the cereals, including five who reported nausea and vomiting. Consumers reported the cereal smelled or tasted waxy or like metal or soap. Company spokeswoman J. Adaire Putnam said some described it as tasting stale. However, no serious health problems had been reported.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121010011718/http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/6169998-kelloggs-recalls-28-million-boxes-of-cereal |archive-date = October 10, 2012 |url = http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/6169998-kelloggs-recalls-28-million-boxes-of-cereal |title = Kellogg's recalls 28 million boxes of cereal |website= Allvoices.com |access-date = November 18, 2012 }}</ref>

The suspected chemical that caused the illnesses was [[2-methylnaphthalene]], used in the cereal packaging process. Little is known about 2-methylnaphthalene's impact on human health as the [[Food and Drug Administration]] has no scientific data on its impact on humans, and the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (EPA) also does not have health and safety data. This is despite the EPA having sought information on it from the chemical industry for 16 years. 2-Methylnaphthalene is a component of crude oil and is "structurally related to [[naphthalene]], an ingredient in mothballs and toilet-deodorant blocks" that the EPA considers a possible human carcinogen.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper = Washington Post |title = US regulators lack data on health risks of most chemicals |date = August 2, 2010 |first = Lyndsey |last = Layton |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/01/AR2010080103469.html |access-date = September 2, 2017 |archive-date = February 24, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180224052005/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/01/AR2010080103469.html |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/1006.htm |title = 2-Methylnaphthalene (CASRN 91-57-6) |date = May 3, 2007 |publisher = [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] |website = EPA.gov |access-date = October 27, 2010 |archive-date = September 6, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100906021407/http://www.epa.gov/IRIS/subst/1006.htm |url-status = live }}</ref>

''Kellogg's'' offered consumers refunds in the meantime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hunter |first1=Aina |title=Kellogg's Cereal Recall: Full List (Apple Jacks, Corn Pops, Froot Loops, Honey Smacks) |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kelloggs-cereal-recall-full-list-apple-jacks-corn-pops-froot-loops-honey-smacks/ |access-date=October 3, 2021 |work=www.cbsnews.com |publisher=ViacomCBS |date=June 29, 2010 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003203421/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kelloggs-cereal-recall-full-list-apple-jacks-corn-pops-froot-loops-honey-smacks/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Only products with the letters "KN" following the use-by date were included in the recall.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Flynn |first1=Dan |title=Kellogg's Recalls 28 Million Boxes of Cereal |url=https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2010/06/kelloggs-recalls-some-popular-cereals/ |website=Food Safety News |access-date=October 3, 2021 |date=June 26, 2010 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003203422/https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2010/06/kelloggs-recalls-some-popular-cereals/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The products were distributed throughout the US and began arriving in stores in late March 2010. Products in Canada were not affected.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kelloggs Recall - Cereal - 2010 |url=https://www.themarysue.com/kelloggs-recall-cereal/ |website=The Mary Sue |access-date=October 3, 2021 |language=en |date=June 25, 2010 |archive-date=October 3, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003203431/https://www.themarysue.com/kelloggs-recall-cereal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 2012 cereal recall ===
Kellogg's issued a voluntary recall of some of its "Frosted Mini-Wheats Bite Size Original" and "Mini-Wheats Unfrosted Bite Size" products due to the possibility of flexible metal mesh fragments in the food. The affected products varied in size from single-serving bowls to large 70-ounce cartons. Use-by dates printed on the recalled packages ranged from April 1, 2013, to September 21, 2013, and were accompanied by the letters KB, AP or FK.<ref>{{cite news |last1= Tomson |last2= Ziobro |first1= Bill |first2= Paul |title= Kellogg Recalls Mini-Wheats |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444799904578048752257118008 |work= The Wall Street Journal |access-date= October 11, 2012 |archive-date= June 23, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150623013845/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444799904578048752257118008 |url-status= live }}</ref>

== Human rights violations and strikes ==

=== Human right violations of palm oil in 2016 ===
According to [[Amnesty International]] in 2016, Kellogg's [[palm oil]] provider [[Wilmar International]] profited from 8 to 14-year-old [[child labor]] and [[forced labor]]. Some workers were extorted, threatened or not paid for work. Some workers suffered severe injuries from chemicals such as Paraquat.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/5184/2016/en/| website= amnesty.org| title= The Great Palm Oil Scandal: Labour Abuses Behind Big Brand Names| publisher= [[Amnesty International]]| date= November 30, 2016| access-date= | archive-date= April 23, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180423210624/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/asa21/5184/2016/en/| url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/amnesty-report-slams-popular-brands-profiting-labour-abuses-wilmar-1594102 |title = Amnesty report slams popular brands for profiting from labour abuses at Wilmar |first = Divya |last = Kishore |date = November 30, 2016 |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161203061058/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/amnesty-report-slams-popular-brands-profiting-labour-abuses-wilmar-1594102 |url-status = live }}</ref> Kellogg's alleged not being aware of the child abuses due to traceability; Amnesty's human rights director replied that "Using mealy-mouthed excuses about 'traceability' is a total cop-out."<ref>{{cite news |first1 = Rob |last1 = Davies |title = Firms such as Kellogg's, Unilever and Nestlé 'use child-labour palm oil' |url = https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/nov/30/kelloggs-unilever-nestle-child-labour-palm-oil-wilmar-amnesty |date = November 30, 2016 |access-date = December 2, 2016 |work = The Guardian |archive-date = December 2, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161202053632/https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/nov/30/kelloggs-unilever-nestle-child-labour-palm-oil-wilmar-amnesty |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== 2021 strike ===
{{Main|2021 Kellogg's strike}}

In October 2021, over a thousand employees at four Kelloggs manufacturing plants in the United States went on strike for better working conditions and higher wages. Two months into the strikes, Kelloggs fired all the striking workers and posted their jobs in December after negotiations with the BCTGM union failed. During the talks, Kelloggs had threatened to move jobs to Mexico if the union did not agree to Kelloggs' proposal.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 7, 2021|title='Death of 1,000 cuts': Kellogg's workers on why they're striking|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/07/kelloggs-workers-strike-offshore-jobs|access-date=December 9, 2021|website=the Guardian|language=en|archive-date=October 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007100413/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/oct/07/kelloggs-workers-strike-offshore-jobs|url-status=live}}</ref> Kelloggs also filed a lawsuit against the union.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffy|first=Kate|title=Kellogg said it's permanently replacing around 1,400 striking factory workers|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/kellogg-replacing-1400-striking-workers-reject-deal-wage-increase-2021-12|access-date=December 9, 2021|website=Business Insider|language=en-US|archive-date=December 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209051128/https://www.businessinsider.com/kellogg-replacing-1400-striking-workers-reject-deal-wage-increase-2021-12|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, several calls for a boycott went viral.<ref>{{Cite web|last=dakp15|date=December 8, 2021|title=A guide to boycotting Kellogg's|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/coolguides/comments/rbnpqt/a_guide_to_boycotting_kelloggs/|access-date=December 9, 2021|website=r/coolguides|archive-date=December 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209032613/https://www.reddit.com/r/coolguides/comments/rbnpqt/a_guide_to_boycotting_kelloggs/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=BloominFunions|date=December 9, 2021|title=Apply now! Kellogg is hiring scabs online. Let's drown their union busting. Mods please sticky!|url=http://www.reddit.com/r/antiwork/comments/rcacru/apply_now_kellogg_is_hiring_scabs_online_lets/|access-date=December 9, 2021|website=[[r/antiwork]]|archive-date=December 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209051030/https://www.reddit.com/r/antiwork/comments/rcacru/apply_now_kellogg_is_hiring_scabs_online_lets/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Political involvement ==

=== Genetically modified foods labelling ===
Kellogg's donated around [[United States dollar|US]]$2 million opposing [[California Proposition 37 (2012)|California Proposition 37]], a 2012 ballot initiative that, if enacted, would have required compulsory labeling of [[Genetic engineering|genetically engineered]] food products.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://votersedge.org/california/ballot-measures/2012/november/prop-37/funding |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121108081304/http://votersedge.org/california/ballot-measures/2012/november/prop-37/funding |url-status = dead |archive-date = November 8, 2012 |title = Prop. 37: Requires labeling of food products made from genetically modified organisms. | Voter's Edge |publisher = Votersedge.org |date = November 6, 2012 |access-date = August 25, 2013 }}</ref> In March 2016, though, they vowed to label all of their products with genetically modified organisms as such by 2020.<ref>{{Cite news| url= https://www.thedailymeal.com/eat/kellogg-label-all-gmos-nationwide/032216| title= Kellogg to Label All GMOs Nationwide| work= The Daily Meal| access-date= June 14, 2018| language= en| archive-date= June 14, 2018| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180614171520/https://www.thedailymeal.com/eat/kellogg-label-all-gmos-nationwide/032216| url-status= live}}</ref>

=== Climate change ===
In August 2014, Kellogg's called on the President to support the [[Paris Agreement]] on climate change.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.oxfam.ca/blogs/kellogg-steps-up-to-tackle-climate-change/ |title = Kellogg Steps Up to Tackle Climate Change |website = Oxfam.ca |date = August 13, 2014 |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-date = November 30, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161130192218/https://www.oxfam.ca/blogs/kellogg-steps-up-to-tackle-climate-change |url-status = live }}</ref> In 2016, Kellogg Company urged [[President-elect of the United States|President-elect]] [[Donald Trump]] to "continue the [[Paris Climate Agreement]]".<ref>{{cite news |last = Davis |first = Dillion |title = Kellogg Co. urges Trump to uphold Paris Agreement |url = http://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2016/11/17/kellogg-donald-trump-climate-change/94053558/ |date = November 17, 2016 |access-date = December 2, 2016 |work = [[The Detroit Free Press]] |archive-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161203123356/http://www.freep.com/story/money/business/2016/11/17/kellogg-donald-trump-climate-change/94053558/ |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Voter ID laws ===
Kellogg's has donated to notable groups opposing [[Voter ID laws in the United States|voter-ID laws]], such as the Applied Research Center (now [[Race Forward|RaceForward]]).<ref>{{cite news |title = Race Forward WK Kellogg Foundation Grant Page |url = https://www.wkkf.org/grants/grant/2016/06/race-and-work-p3034670 |date = November 30, 2016 |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-date = December 20, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161220141406/https://www.wkkf.org/grants/grant/2016/06/race-and-work-p3034670 |url-status = live }}</ref> The company also decided to [[Sleeping Giants (organization)|remove their advertisements]] from the [[Breitbart News]] website.<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kellogg-breitbart_us_583db639e4b04b66c01bde6a |title = Kellogg Is Latest Company To Pull Advertising From Breitbart |first1 = Lydia |last1 = O'Connor |date = November 29, 2016 |work = The Huffington Post |access-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-date = December 3, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161203083835/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/kellogg-breitbart_us_583db639e4b04b66c01bde6a |url-status = live }}</ref> Breitbart News in turn called for a boycott of Kellogg's products.<ref>{{cite news |title = Kellogg's dumps Breitbart ads, citing 'values'; Breitbart encourages boycott |url = http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2016/12/01/breitbart-encourages-kelloggs-boycott_.html |access-date = December 1, 2016 |work = [[Columbus Dispatch]] |agency = AP |date = December 1, 2016 |archive-date = December 2, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161202035957/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/business/2016/12/01/breitbart-encourages-kelloggs-boycott_.html |url-status = live }}</ref>

=== Education grant ===
In January 2012, Kellogg's gave the Calhoun School a $250,000 grant for a "three-part youth-based project on issues of [[white privilege]] and [[institutionalized racism]]".<ref>{{cite web|author=CRC Staff|date=May 1, 2013|title=The W.K. Kellogg Foundation: Subverting democracy and balkanizing America|url=https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-w-k-kellogg-foundation-subverting-democracy-and-balkanizing-america/|publisher=[[Capital Research Center]]|access-date=December 3, 2016|archive-date=December 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201173013/https://capitalresearch.org/article/the-w-k-kellogg-foundation-subverting-democracy-and-balkanizing-america/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Operations ==
[[File:Trafford park kelloggs bridge.jpg|thumb|240px|right|The [[Trafford Park]] factory in [[Greater Manchester]], England—Kellogg's European base since 1938.<ref name="trafford" /> The factory produces more [[Kellogg's Corn Flakes|Corn Flakes]] than any other Kellogg's factory in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |title = Factory |url = http://www.kelloggs.ie/company/recruitment/vacancies/factory.aspx |work = Kellogg's |access-date = August 3, 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110831044506/http://www.kelloggs.ie/company/recruitment/vacancies/factory.aspx |archive-date = August 31, 2011 }}</ref>]]
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Australia:
** [[Pagewood, New South Wales|Pagewood]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggs.com.au/Home/Company/Careers/tabid/246/Default.aspx |title = Welcome to Careers at Kellogg Australia |publisher = Kellogg (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. |access-date = August 25, 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111001110607/http://www.kelloggs.com.au/Home/Company/Careers/tabid/246/Default.aspx |archive-date = October 1, 2011 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref>
** [[Charmhaven]] (snack and cereal plant closed in 2014.)<ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/business/kellogg-to-close-london-cereal-factory-next-year-1.2458080 |title = Kellogg to close London cereal factory next year |work = CBC News |date = December 11, 2013 |access-date = March 1, 2021 |archive-date = May 9, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210509090843/https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/kellogg-to-close-london-cereal-factory-next-year-1.2458080 |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Belgium: [[Zaventem]] & [[Mechelen]] plant
* Brazil: [[São Paulo]]
* Colombia: [[Bogotá]]
* Canada:
** [[Mississauga]], Ontario – Canadian head office
** [[Anjou, Quebec]] – Eastern Canada sales office
** [[Calgary]], Alberta – Western Canada sales office
** [[London, Ontario]] – manufacturers and distributes cereals (including Corn Flakes) in Canada. Closed at end of 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url = http://london.ctvnews.ca/kellogg-s-to-close-their-london-plant-by-the-end-of-2014-1.1582862 |title = Kellogg's to close London plant by the end of 2014 |work = CTVNews.ca |date = December 10, 2013 |access-date = March 1, 2021 |archive-date = March 27, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230327164557/https://london.ctvnews.ca/kellogg-s-to-close-london-plant-by-the-end-of-2014-1.1582862 |url-status = live }}</ref>
** [[Belleville, Ontario]] – cereal production plant opened 2009 and upgraded 2011; took over some operations from London after 2014
* China: Shanghai – Joint venture with agribusiness and food company Yihai Kerry
* Ecuador: [[Guayaquil]]
* France: [[Noisy-le-Grand]], Paris<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggs.fr/fr_FR/contact_us_fr.html |title = Nous contacter |work = kelloggs.fr |access-date = May 6, 2014 |archive-date = May 6, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140506235719/http://www.kelloggs.fr/fr_FR/contact_us_fr.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Germany: [[Hamburg]] (sales and marketing for Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Scandinavia; production in Germany shut down in 2018)<ref>{{cite news |last=Beneke |first=Maren |url=https://www.weser-kurier.de/bremen/politik/bremer-kellogg-werk-wird-geschlossen-doc7e3ronidvkpgw2p86el |title=Bremer Kellogg-Werk wird geschlossen |work=Weser-Kurier, Bremen |date=October 10, 2016 |access-date=December 21, 2021 |archive-date=December 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221161422/https://www.weser-kurier.de/bremen/politik/bremer-kellogg-werk-wird-geschlossen-doc7e3ronidvkpgw2p86el |url-status=live }}</ref>
* India: [[Mumbai]]
* Republic of Ireland: European Head Office - Kellogg Europe Trading, [[Swords, Dublin]]<ref name=ketl>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggs.ie/company/recruitment/vacancies/kellogg-european-headquarters.aspx |title = Kellogg Europe Trading Ltd (KETL) |publisher = Kellogg Company |access-date = August 25, 2011 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110831022542/http://www.kelloggs.ie/company/recruitment/vacancies/kellogg-european-headquarters.aspx |archive-date = August 31, 2011 }}</ref>
* Italy: [[Milan]]
* Japan: [[Shinjuku, Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kellogg.co.jp/company/about/index.html |title = いい朝食がいい日をつくる - 日本ケロッグ |work = kellogg.co.jp |language = ja |trans-title = Make a good day with a good breakfast - Kellogg Japan |access-date = June 26, 2008 |archive-date = July 4, 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080704103446/http://www.kellogg.co.jp/company/about/index.html |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Malaysia: [[Bandar Enstek]], [[Negeri Sembilan]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.vcpost.com/articles/20688/20140110/kellogg-invest-130m-malaysia-plant-eyes-asia-pacific-expansion.htm |title = Kellogg to invest $130M in Malaysia plant, eyes Asia-Pacific expansion |work = Venture Capital Post |date = January 10, 2014 |access-date = January 20, 2014 |archive-date = February 2, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140202114409/http://www.vcpost.com/articles/20688/20140110/kellogg-invest-130m-malaysia-plant-eyes-asia-pacific-expansion.htm |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/kellogg-to-invest-us130m-in-malaysia |title = Kellogg Company to invest US$130m in Malaysia |work = The Malay Mail Online |date = January 10, 2014 |access-date = January 20, 2014 |archive-date = January 22, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140122205356/http://www.themalaymailonline.com/money/article/kellogg-to-invest-us130m-in-malaysia |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Mexico: [[Querétaro, Querétaro|Querétaro]]
* '''Middle East'''<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.kelloggsalarabi.com/ |title = Home :: Kellogg's |publisher = Kelloggsalarabi.com |access-date = November 18, 2012 |archive-date = November 11, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121111025518/http://www.kelloggsalarabi.com/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
** Bahrain: [[Manama]]
** Egypt: [[Giza]]
** Iran: [[Tehran]]
** Israel: [[Lod]]
** Jordan: [[Amman]]
** Kuwait: [[Kuwait City]]
** Lebanon: [[Beirut]]
** Libya: [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]
** Oman: [[Muscat, Oman|Azaiba, Muscat]]
** Qatar: [[Doha]]
** Saudi Arabia: [[Jeddah]]
** Syria: [[Damascus]]
** UAE: [[Dubai]]
* Netherlands: [['s-Hertogenbosch|Den Bosch]]<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080826021018/http://annualreport2007.kelloggcompany.com/24.aspx |archive-date=August 26, 2008 |url=http://annualreport2007.kelloggcompany.com/24.aspx |title=Kellogg Annual Report 2007 – Kellogg North America Brands |website= kelloggcompany.com| date=August 26, 2008 |access-date=June 14, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.secinfo.com/dsvR3.z1E7.4.htm |title = SEC Info – Kellogg Co – '10-K' for 1/1/05 – EX-21.01 |website = Secinfo.com |access-date = June 26, 2008 |archive-date = February 1, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090201014517/http://www.secinfo.com/dsvR3.z1E7.4.htm |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Philippines: Alaska Milk Corporation<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.alaskamilk.com.ph |title = Alaska Milk Corporation |website = Alaskamilk.com.ph |access-date = December 24, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120728010725/http://www.alaskamilk.com.ph/ |archive-date = July 28, 2012 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Poland: [[Kutno]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://gosiahill.com/2012/12/06/kelloggs-to-build-a-new-factory-in-poland/ |title = Kellogg's to build a new factory in Poland |website = Gosiahill.com |access-date = August 13, 2013 |archive-date = October 22, 2014 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141022191857/http://gosiahill.com/2012/12/06/kelloggs-to-build-a-new-factory-in-poland/ |url-status = live }}</ref>
* Portugal: [[Lisbon]]
* Russia: Kellogg Rus LLC<ref name=ketl /> (Sold to the Russian company Chernogolovka in July 2023)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbc.ru/business/14/07/2023/64b138c09a79475e560cb768|title=«Черноголовка» закрыла сделку по покупке производителя чипсов Pringles|language=ru|date=2023-07-14|website=Rbc.ru}}</ref>
* South Africa: [[Springs, Gauteng|Springs]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kelloggs.co.za/about_sa.aspx|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091213041344/http://www.kelloggs.co.za/about_sa.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 13, 2009| title= Kellogg in South Africa |date=December 13, 2009}}</ref>
* South Korea: [[Seoul]]
* Spain: [[Valls]] (cereal production plant) and [[Alcobendas]] (Spanish head office)<ref name=ketl />
* Sri Lanka: [[Colombo]]; [[Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte]]
* Thailand: [[Bangkok]], [[Rayong]] (snacks and cereals)
* United Kingdom:
** England: [[Manchester]]<ref name=ketl />
** Scotland: Portable Foods Manufacturing [[Livingston, Scotland|Livingston]]<ref name=ketl />
** Wales: [[Wrexham]] including Portable Foods Manufacturing<ref name=ketl />
* United States:
** [[Battle Creek, Michigan]]
** [[Cary, North Carolina]]
** [[Jackson, Tennessee]]
** [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania]]
** [[Memphis, Tennessee]]
** [[Omaha, Nebraska]]
** [[Pikeville, Kentucky]]
** South [[Augusta, Georgia]]
** [[Virginia Beach, Virginia]]

* Morocco
{{div col end}}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies|Food}}
* [[W. K. Kellogg Foundation]]
* [[Kellogg's Cereal City USA]] – a former tourist attraction in [[Battle Creek, Michigan]] focused on the company's history
* [[List of breakfast cereals]]
* [[Toucan Sam#Maya Archaeology Initiative]] for a 2011 trademark dispute over another organization's toucan logo
* [[A. D. David Mackay]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{official website|www.kelloggs.com}} (brand)
* {{official website|www.kelloggcompany.com}} (corporate)
{{Finance links
| name = Kellogg's
| symbol = K
| sec_cik = K
| yahoo = K
| google = K
}}

* [http://www.headington.org.uk/adverts/breakfast_cereals.htm Old Kellogg's adverts] (UK only)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164151/http://gogd.tjs-labs.com/gallery-view?advertiser=kellogg Collection of mid-twentieth century advertising featuring Kellogg products] from The TJS Labs Gallery of Graphic Design (archived 13 February 2017)

{{Kellogg's}}
{{British Royal Warrant holders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Kellogg's| ]]
[[Category:1906 establishments in Michigan]]
[[Category:American companies established in 1906]]
[[Category:1950s initial public offerings]]
[[Category:Breakfast cereal companies]]
[[Category:Companies based in Battle Creek, Michigan]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Food and drink companies established in 1906]]
[[Category:Food product brands]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in the United States]]
[[Category:Multinational food companies]]
[[Category:Snack food manufacturers of the United States]]
[[Category:Former Seventh-day Adventist institutions]]
[[Category:British royal warrant holders]]

Visakhapatnam Central Prison

2026-03-23T06:29:45Z

LeonorColangelo: starting new stub

{{Short description|Prison in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{infobox prison
| prison_name = Visakhapatnam Central Prison
| image = File:Visakhapatnam Central Jail aerial view.jpg
| caption =
| location = [[Adavivaram]], Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
|coordinates = {{coord|17.767159|83.280042|display=inline,title}}
| status = Operational
| classification =
| capacity =
| population =
| populationdate =
| opened = 2001
| closed =
| managed_by = Director General & Inspector General of Prisons and Correctional Services, [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| director =
| governor =
| prisoners =
}}

The '''Visakhapatnam Central Prison''' is a [[Prison|correctional facility]] in [[Adavivaram]], Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. The facility is located {{convert|14|km|mi}} away from city center.<ref>{{cite news|last=Govt|first=RTI|title=Detail of Prison|url=http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/Prisons-RTI-2014-41B-17CHAPTERS-2014%20-05-09-2014.pdf|accessdate=30 September 2010|newspaper=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]|date=15 September 2014|archive-date=21 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421162132/http://www.ap.gov.in//Other%20Docs/Prisons-RTI-2014-41B-17CHAPTERS-2014%20-05-09-2014.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The old Central Prison constructed in the year 1908 in the heart of the city, next to the current Bus Station, is converted to a Central Park, and the Prison was shifted to the current location in the year 2001.[http://prisons.ap.gov.in/cpvsp.html]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Background ==
Visakhapatnam Central Prison, is a facility that provides custody, care, and correction of inmates and is serving the North Coastal Andhra Pradesh districts of Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, and Vizianagaram. As per Andhra Pradesh Prison Manual 1979, Central Prison, Visakhapatnam can confine inmates who are sentenced to simple or rigorous imprisonment, under trial prisoners, civil prisoners, prisoners sentenced to death and detenues.[http://prisons.ap.gov.in/cpvsp.html]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Capacity ==
The capacity of the prison is 914 but as on 19 August 2023, it has 1900 inmates. Around 1500 are prisoners are booked under NDPS Act. While most of the inmates are tribals of the ASR district who were allegedly carrying ganja, some prisoners are from Odisha, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Bihar. About hundred of them are female prisoners. But most of them are in on remand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-11 |title=Vizag central prison overflowing with drug offenders |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/visakhapatnam/vizag-central-prison-overflowing-with-drug-offenders/articleshow/102629095.cms |access-date=2023-12-14 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
[[File:Visakhapatnam Central Jail Complex.JPG|alt=Visakhapatnam Central Jail Complex|thumb|Visakhapatnam Central Jail Complex]]
The current superintendent of Vizag central prison is S Kishore Kumar.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Prisons in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Uttarandhra]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Prisons completed in the 2000s]]

{{India-struct-stub}}
{{prison-stub}}

Lok Bhavan, Gangtok

2026-03-22T02:24:36Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting details - done

{{Short description|Residence of the Governor of Sikkim}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox building
|name = Lok Bhavan, Gangtok
|image =
|caption = Location in [[Gangtok]]
|coordinates = {{coord|27.3411|88.6155|display=inline,title}}
|construction_start_date =
|completion_date =
|number_of_rooms =
|elevator_count =
|cost =
|floor_area =
|architect =
|engineer =
|main_contractor =
|developer =
|owner = [[Government of Sikkim]]
|current_tenants = Om Parkash Mathur
|references = [http://www.rajbhavansikkim.gov.in/ Website]
}}

''' Lok Bhavan''' formerly '''Raj Bhavan''' ([[translation]]: ''Government House'') is the [[official residence]] of the [[Governors of Sikkim|governor of Sikkim]]. It is located in the capital city of [[Gangtok]], [[Sikkim]].

==Background==
After the [[Sikkim Expedition]] drove Tibetan forces out of Sikkim in 1888, the British sent [[John Claude White]] as Assistant [[Political officer (British Empire)|Political Officer]] with the expeditionary force. In 1889, he was offered the post of Political Officer of Sikkim. Although White was a Civil Engineer employed by the Public Works Department, he was so enamoured with Sikkim that he accepted the post of Political Officer unhesitatingly.

White built what is today the Raj Bhavan at [[Gangtok]]. He gives a vivid account of how he personally selected the site, why it appealed to him and his travails in building it in his memoirs first published in 1909.

'':"One of the first things to be done on my appointment to Sikkim was to build a house, not an easy task in a wild country where masons and carpenters were conspicuous by their absence, where stone for building had to be quarried from the hillsides and trees cut down for timber. In my jungle wanderings around Gangtok, I came across a charming site in the midst of primeval forest which seemed suitable in every way, so I determined to build on it, felling only the trees which might possible endanger the safety of the house, a necessary precaution, as many of them were quite 140 feet high, and in the spring the thunderstorms, accompanied by violent winds, were something terrible and wrought havoc everywhere. By leveling the uneven ground and throwing it out in front, I managed to get sufficient space for the house, with lawn and flower beds around it. Behind rose a high mountain, thickly wooded, which protected us from the storms sweeping down from the snows to the north-east, and in front the ground fell away with a magnificent view across the valley, where, from behind the opposite hills, Kanchenjunga and its surroundings snows towered up against the clear sky, making one of the most beautiful and magnificent sights to be imagined, and one certainly not to be surpassed, if equaled, anywhere in the world."''

White retired in October 1908. The Residency he built was a lasting legacy he left behind. After White, all the incumbents of the post of Political Officer Sikkim, Bhutan and Tibet based in Gangtok enjoyed the comforts of the English villa-like Residency he had built. They were: [[Charles Alfred Bell|Sir Charles Bell]], Major W.L. Campbell, Lt. Colonel W.F. O’Conner, [[Frederick Marshman Bailey|Major F.M. Bailey]], Major J.L.R. Weir, [[Frederick Williamson]], [[Basil Gould|Sir Basil Gould]] and Anthony J. Hopkinson.(three officers – David McDonald, Capt. R.K.M. Battye and [[Hugh Edward Richardson|H. Richardson]] – also temporarily held the post).

Sir A.J. Hopkinson was the last British Political Officer of Sikkim. When India gained [[Partition of India|independence]] from British rule in 1947, the Residency became the residence of the Indian Political Officer, locally referred to as the ''Burra Kothi''. A span of 86 years between 1889 and 1975 (Claude White to Gurbachan Singh) lay between the first Political Officer's appointment and the withdrawal of the last.

==Residency and local people==
White's completed Residency was a revelation, an object of much curiosity for the Sikkimese hitherto not exposed to such a house. They would often call on the Whites and request permission to wander around the house; to see how the Whites lived and what European furniture was like. The Residency had bay windows and a round dining table. This really fired the imagination of the local Sikkimese Kazis who also incorporated bay windows and copied the round table for their own residences.

==From residency to Raj Bhavan==
In 1975, the institution of the [[Chogyal]], the hereditary leader of Sikkim, was abolished and the state was formally inducted into the Indian Union as her 22nd State. For having made this culmination possible, Shri B.B. Lal was made Governor of Sikkim on 18{{nbsp}}May 1975 the same day that the amendment Bill received the President's assent. This marked the conversion of the Residency into a Raj Bhavan.
In its previous designation as India House or ''Baara Khoti'', it had been rated as one India's best Ambassadorial residences-it would now qualify as India's most attractive Raj Bhavan. Sited well above the town and insulated from the noise and fumes of the bazaar, the classic gabled structure lends into the greenery and trees of the landscape and looks on the entire Kanchendzonga range.
The area of the compound is approximately {{convert|75|acre}} consisting of lawn and garden as well as kitchen garden and fruit orchards.
Several incumbents since then (Sarva Shri H.J.H. Taleyar Khan, K. Prabhakar Rao, B.N. Singh, T.V. Rajeshwar, S.K. Bhatnagar, R.H. Thailiani, P. Shiv Shankar, K.V. Ragunath Reddy, Chaudhary Randhir Singh, Kidar Nath Sahani, R.S. Gavai, V. Rama Rao, Sudarshan Agarwal) have held the post of Governor of Sikkim and resided at the Raj Bhavan. White's Residency has stood a silent spectator for over a hundred years as the winds of change blew over Sikkim's political landscape.

==See also==
* [[Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth#British Indian Empire|Government Houses of the British Indian Empire]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rajbhavansikkim.gov.in/ Website]
{{Raj Bhavan}}

[[Category:Buildings and structures in Gangtok]]
[[Category:Governors of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth]]

Maranao people

2026-03-22T00:23:20Z

LeonorColangelo: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Austronesian ethnic group of the southern Philippines}}
{{Distinguish|Maranhão}}
{{about|Maranao people|the language itself|Maranao language|the ethnic group of Borneo|Melanau people|the Bornean language|Melanau language}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Maranao people
| image = Maranao performing Singkil.jpg
| image_caption = A group of the Maranao people performing the Singkil dance
| native_name = {{lang|mrw|Bangsa Mëranaw}} 
{{Script/Arabic|ماراناو}}
| native_name_lang = mrw
| total = '''1,800,130'''
| total_year = 2020 census
| total_source = Census
| total_ref = <ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing|title=Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref>
| regions = {{flagcountry|PHI}} 
{{smaller|([[Bangsamoro]], [[Soccsksargen]], [[Zamboanga Peninsula]], [[Northern Mindanao]], [[Metro Manila|Manila]], [[Metro Cebu|Cebu]])}}
| region1 = [[Lanao del Sur]]
| pop1 = 1,114,765
| ref1 = <ref name="census" />
| region2 = [[Lanao del Norte]]
| pop2 = 325,804
| ref2 = <ref name="census" />
| region3 = [[Metro Manila]]
| pop3 = 81,523
| ref3 = <ref name="census" />
| region4 = [[Iligan City]]
| pop4 = 39,980
| ref4 = <ref name="census" />
| region5 = [[Davao City]]
| pop5 = 18,545
| ref5 = <ref name="census" />
| region6 = [[General Santos City]]
| pop6 = 10,065
| ref6 = <ref name="census" />
| languages = '''Native''' [[Maranao language|Maranao]] '''Also''' [[Filipino language|Filipino]]{{•}}[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]{{•}}[[Philippine English|English]]
| rels = [[Sunni Islam]]
| related = [[Iranun people|Iranun]], [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanaon]], [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]] [[Lumad]], [[Tausūg people|Tausūg]], [[Visayans|Visayan]], other Moros, other [[Filipinos]], other [[Austronesian people]]s
}}

The '''Maranao people''' ({{Langx|mrw|Bangsa Mëranaw}}, [[Jawi script|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ماراناو}}; {{Langx|fil|mga Maranaw}}<ref>[http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055004/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf|date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>), also spelled '''Meranaw''', '''Maranaw''', and '''Mëranaw''', is a predominantly [[Muslim Filipino]] and [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] ethnic group native to the region around [[Lanao Lake]] in the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the [[Darangen]]. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the [[Iranun people]] and [[Maguindanao people]], all three groups being denoted speaking [[Danao languages]] and giving name to the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are grouped with other [[Moro people]] due to their shared religion.

==Etymology==
{{See also|Iranun people|Maguindanao people}}

The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" (''lanaw'' or ''ranaw'', [[Archaism|archaic]] ''danaw'', means "lake" in the [[Maranao language]]). This is in reference to [[Lake Lanao]], the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people.<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Roy W. |title=From the rainbow's varied hue: textiles of the southern Philippines |date=1998 |publisher=UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History |isbn=9780930741648 |page=135}}</ref>

The original [[endonym]] of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan".<ref name="Lobel" /><ref name="Baradas" /> This group later diverged, resulting in the modern [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanaon]] and the [[Iranun people]] (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"),<ref name="Campbell">{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Gwyn |title=Bondage and the Environment in the Indian Ocean World |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319700281 |page=84}}</ref> while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as the Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to the [[Danao languages|Danao language family]].<ref name="Lobel">{{cite journal |last1=Lobel |first1=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |title=Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |date=2009 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=403–438 |jstor=40783537 |doi=10.1353/ol.0.0040 |s2cid=145549504 }}</ref><ref name="Baradas">{{cite journal |last1=Baradas |first1=David B. |title=Some Implications of the Okir Motif in Lanao and Sulu Art |journal=Asian Studies |date=1968 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=129–168 |s2cid=27892222 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181535/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 29, 2019 }}</ref>


==Confederate States of Lanao==
{{Main|Confederate States of Lanao|Sultanate of Maguindanao|Iranun people}}
[[File:ConfederateStatesOfLanao1616.png|thumb|220x220px|Map of the Confederate States of Lanao (1616-1904), with the State of Unayan colored in yellow, the State of Masiu in red, the State of Bayabao in pink, and the State of Baloi in blue.]]

The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoing [[Islamization]], primarily under the influence of the Arab-Malay missionaries like [[Sharif Kabungsuwan]] and other from [[Borneo]].

Like neighboring [[Moro people|Moros]] and the [[Lumad]]s, during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders called ''datu''. In the 16th century, upon the arrival of [[Islam]], they developed into kingdoms with [[sultan]]s due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.

==Culture==
[[File:Lake Lanao zoom.jpg|thumb|The shores of Lake Lanao is the center of Maranao society.]]

Maranao culture can be characterized by:
* [[Lake Lanao]]
* [[Sarimanok]] (''Papanoka a Məra'' or ''[[Dove (bird)|Marapatik]]'')
* [[Torogan]], Maranao royal houses, where the architecture used is the most aesthetic in the Philippines
* Darangən, an epic [[UNESCO]] [[Intangible cultural heritage]]
* Kirim, pre-Hispanic handwriting based from [[Arabic]] letters with 19 consonants and 7 vowels
* [[Singkil]], a Philippine dance based on a scene from the ''Darangən''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzhoWsVElXo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6JVSMSIYn4</ref>
* [[Okir]] wood and metal carvings
* Kapmorod and Kakhalilang with [[Flag|Sambolayang and Pasandalan a Morog]] and Marigay for Kazipa sa Manggis
* Kaplagod (racing horses)
* Tabo, a drum used in mosques to call worshippers to prayer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628163314/https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largest [[lake]] in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the [[Lake Lanao|hydroelectric plant]] installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.

===Visual arts===
{{Main|Okir|Tugaya}}

<gallery>
File:Mindanao Bangsamoro Islamic Art - 24556180573.jpg|alt=|Woodcarving of the [[Sarimanok]] with ''okir'' motifs
File:Food jar (gadur), Mindanao, Maranao, brass with silver inlay, Honolulu Academy of Arts.JPG|alt=|''Gadur'' jar with silver inlay
</gallery>[[Sarimanok]], [[Peacock|Papanok a '''"'''Məra'''"''']] or ''[[Dove (bird)|"Marapatik"]]'' is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a [[Green peafowl|Hoodhud]] (Arabic) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a [[Hoopoe]] (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs (''[[okir]]''). It is a symbol of good fortune.<ref name="art">{{cite web| url=http://www.ph.net/htdocs/education/sarimanok.htm| title=Sari-Manok| publisher=Philippines Art and Culture| access-date=October 21, 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="art1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 7, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 2| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 22, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183618/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>

The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' epic, the ''[[Maharadia Lawana]]''. They also have a traditional dance, the [[Singkil]], which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, the ''Darangən''.

====Architecture====
Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in the [[Philippines]] and at large [[maritime Southeast Asia]], follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class: ''[[torogan]]'' of royalty, ''mala a walay'' of lesser nobility, and the common ''lawig'' analogous to the ''bahay kubo''.

===Music and performing arts===
{{Main|Kulintang}}
[[File:National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka - Kolintang - Maranao people in Philippines - Collected in 2002.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Kulintang]] ensemble at the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)|National Museum of Ethnology]] in [[Suita, Osaka|Osaka]].]]

Maranao [[kulintang]] music is a type of a [[gong]] music. [[Kulintang a putao|Sarunaay]] is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. [[Kubing|Kobbing]] is a Maranao instrument and [[Flute|Biyula]] is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by [[UNESCO]] as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]].

===Cuisine===
Maranao cuisine is spicier compared to most regions elsewhere in the Philippines, a trait largely shared with much of Mindanao. Traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as ''[[palapa (condiment)|palapa]]'' (Bontang, native product of Gandamatu) are a common [[condiment]].<ref>{{cite web| author=Umagang Kay Ganda| date=July 9, 2013| url=http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/video/lifestyle/07/09/13/recipe-maranao-dish-chicken-piaparan| title=Recipe: Maranao dish Chicken Piaparan| publisher=[[ABS-CBN Corporation]] Website |access-date=July 9, 2013}}</ref> It is made of stewed ''[[sakurab]]'' scallion bulbs, [[ginger]], and [[Chili pepper|chillies]] in [[coconut oil]].<ref name="cuisine">{{cite web| author=Rosauro, Ryan| date=October 17, 2010| url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20101017-298140/Munai-spice-may-be-way-out-of-war-for-conflict-areas| title=Munai spice may be way out of war for conflict areas| publisher=Inquirer Website| access-date=October 22, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023065111/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/regions/view/20101017-298140/Munai-spice-may-be-way-out-of-war-for-conflict-areas| archive-date=October 23, 2010}}</ref>

Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.<ref name="cuisine1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 6, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 1| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 21, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183706/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>

===Social structure===
Traditionally, Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely, ''mapiyatao'' (pure) and ''kasilidan'' (mixed blood). ''kasilidan'' is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; ''sarowang'' (non-Maranao), ''balbal'' (beast), ''dagamot'' (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and ''bisaya'' (Slave). The ''mapiyatao'' are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the ''kasilidan'' are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the improving economic conditions of most Maranao families.

===Economy===
The Maranao historically engaged in fishing and farming, cultivating crops such as [[Paddy field|wet rice]], corn, and sweet potatoes. Local crafts such as textiles and woodcarvings are popular and sold throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gowing |first=Peter G. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Muslim_Filipinos.html?id=It9DAbGBYZUC&hl=en |title=Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and Horizon |date=1979 |publisher=New Day Publishers |isbn=978-971-10-0239-8 |page=8}}</ref>

==Demographics==
[[File:Peoples of the Philippines en.svg|thumb|200px|The Maranao people are shown in chocolate brown in this map.]]

Maranaos number 1,800,000 in 2020, representing 1.65% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf|title=2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) - Philippines|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=May 19, 2020}}</ref> Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]] or [[Subanon people|Subanon]]. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry

==Language==
{{Main|Maranao language}}

[[Maranao language|Maranao]] is an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language]] spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.<ref name="language1">{{cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006200720/http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |archive-date=October 6, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2010 |publisher=Learn Maranao Language Website }}</ref> Because of the mass influx of [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano. Tagalog is also spoken by the Maranaos, which ranks second among its native language, along with English, and Arabic due to its importance to [[Islam]] and Maranao culture.

==Notable Maranaos==
* [[Abdullah Maute]], a jihadist and co-founder of the [[Maute group]] and a brother of [[Omar Maute]].
* [[Omar Maute]], a jihadist and co-founder of the Maute group and a brother of [[Abdullah Maute]].
* [[Saidamen Pangarungan]], a lawyer, businessman, and former chairman of [[COMELEC]] and [[National Commission on Muslim Filipinos]].
* [[Japar Dimaampao]] is a present Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* [[Mamintal A.J. Tamano]] was a Filipino statesman and a former Senator of the Philippines.
* [[Adel Tamano]] is a Filipino educator, lawyer and former politician.
* [[Domocao Alonto]] is a former Filipino politician and senator of the Philippines. In 1988, he was awarded the prestigious King Faisal Prize for Service to Islam.
* [[Mamintal M. Adiong Sr.]] was a long-time Filipino politician, serving as [[Governor of Lanao del Sur]] from 2001 until his death in 2004.
* [[Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr.]] is the present governor of the Province of Lanao del Sur.
* [[Abul Khayr Alonto]] is a Filipino businessman and lawyer and a former Moro freedom fighter. He once became the chairman of the [[Moro National Liberation Front]].
* [[Dimasangcay Pundato]] is a former Moro revolutionary leader and current undersecretary of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process. He served as the Secretary of the now defunct Office on Muslim affairs (NCMF) for 2 straight administrations.
* [[Samira Gutoc-Tomawis]] is a Filipino civic leader, journalist, environment and women's rights advocate, and legislator[1] who has served as member of the Regional Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and a member of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission which was tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law.

==See also==
* [[Maranao language]]
* [[Iranun people]]
* [[Lanao del Sur]]
* [[Lake Lanao]]
* [[Confederate States of Lanao]]
* [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]]
* [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines]]
* [[Moro people]]s
** [[Iranun people]]
** [[Maguindanao people]]
* [[Lumad]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070519130534/http://litera1no4.tripod.com/maranaw_frame.html Maranao]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110129071314/http://ranaw.com/content/view/1/36/ Ranao], Ranao (Lake) terms for Lanao del Sur

{{MoroPeoplesmall}}
{{Ethnic groups in the Philippines}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Ethnic groups in Mindanao]]
[[Category:Islam in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Muslim ethnic groups of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Moro ethnic groups]]

Anil Kumar Gupta

2026-03-21T16:13:51Z

LeonorColangelo: updated details

{{Short description|Indian academic}}
{{about|the scholar of grassroots innovation|the geologist|Anil Kumar Gupta (scientist)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
[[File:Anil K gupta Erudite Conclave Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram.JPG|thumb|Gupta addressing at [[Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram]]]]'''Anil Kumar Gupta''' is an Indian scholar in the area of grassroots [[innovations]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.global-innovation.net/projects/grassroot/mediareports.html | title=Global Innovation: A Research Project of TIM @ TUHH }}</ref> He is the founder of the Honey Bee Network. He retired as a full-time professor at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]] in 2017, where he served for about 36 years.<ref>{{cite news |title=IIM-A gives Professor Anil Gupta pyaau farewell gift |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/iim-a-gives-prof-anil-gupta-pyaau-farewell-gift/articleshow/58438685.cms |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=30 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Anil Gupta: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad |url=https://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/ |access-date=2020-01-19 |archive-date=2020-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729083318/https://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was a member of the governing board at the National Innovation Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=Governing Board - National Innovation Foundation-India |url=https://www.nif.org.in/governing_board |url-status=deviated |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304030202/https://www.nif.org.in/governing_board |archive-date=2024-03-04 |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=National Innovation Foundation - India}}</ref> He is also a fellow of the [[World Academy of Art and Science]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldacademy.org/view/general_listing?field_name_value=gupta&field_country_value=&field_city_value= |title=General Listing |publisher=[[World Academy of Art and Science]] |access-date=5 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728190815/http://www.worldacademy.org/view/general_listing?field_name_value=gupta&field_country_value=&field_city_value= |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 2004 for his contributions to management education.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sristi.org/cms/padmashri_award_congerred_prof |title=Padma Shri award conferred on Prof Anil K Gupta | SRISTI |access-date=2015-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105156/http://www.sristi.org/cms/padmashri_award_congerred_prof |archive-date=2015-09-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Most innovations are scouted by volunteers: Anil K Gupta |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/innovation-nation/most-innovations-are-scouted-by-volunteers-anil-k-gupta/50095/1}}</ref>

Gupta has developed courses for students at the [[Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad|Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad]]. One of his most popular courses included S''hodh Yatra,'' (meaning 'research walk'), under which he took management students to different parts of the country to learn from local communities and study their knowledge systems.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prof. Anil K. Gupta: Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad |url=http://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/facultypage.php?facultyid=anilg&menuno=2&pageid=8&menuname=My |access-date=2020-03-23 |archive-date=2020-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729083318/http://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/facultypage.php?facultyid=anilg&menuno=2&pageid=8&menuname=My |url-status=dead }}</ref> This course was derived from his larger concept of walking through the length and breadth of the country, interacting with farmers, [[traditional knowledge]] holders, grassroots innovators, innovative students, etc. It started in May 1998 in the western Indian province of [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{cite news |title=How One Man Traveled 19 States, Studied 6 Crore Plants and Planted 5200 Varieties |url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/119922/gaffarbhai-qureshi-nursery-gir-gujarat/ |access-date=23 March 2020 |work=The Better India}}</ref>

== Education ==
Upon finishing his bachelor's degree (Hons) in [[Agriculture]], he went on to complete his master's degree in Sciences (Biochemical Genetics) from [[Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University|Haryana Agricultural University]] in 1974. In 1986, he earned a Ph.D. in management from the [[Kurukshetra University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences |url=https://naas.org.in/detail.php?id=160 |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=naas.org.in}}</ref>

==Research==
He authored the book, " Garssroots Innovations"- minds on the margins are not marginal minds published by Penguin India, which details his work with the Honey Bee Network.[https://www.penguin.co.in/book/grassroots-innovation-2/#:~:text=A%20moral%20dilemma%20gripped%20Anil,ISBN:%209780143497387] The book won the Best Business Book Award at the '''Tata Literature Live! Festival''' in 2018.[https://vitatales.com/anil-kumar-gupta/] He is Honorary Secretary of GIAN (Gujarat Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network) and Co-Ordinator of SRISTI (Society for Research and Initiative for Sustainable Technologies and Institutions).<ref>{{cite web|title=Profile of Anil K Gupta |url=http://www.sristi.org/anilg/profile.php |access-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111209171020/http://www.sristi.org/anilg/profile.php |archive-date=9 December 2011 }}</ref> He was a speaker at [[TED (conference)|TED]] India in November 2009.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anil Gupta: India's hidden hotbeds of invention|url=https://www.ted.com/talks/anil_gupta_india_s_hidden_hotbeds_of_invention|access-date=14 December 2011}}</ref> Since 2011, he is an advisor on issues pertaining to innovation, environment, and sustainability to Fair Observer, an online magazine covering [[global issues]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A.Gutpa{{!}}Fair Observer |url=http://fairobserver.com/profile/agupta |access-date=13 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111212164159/http://fairobserver.com/profile/agupta |archive-date=12 December 2011 }}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Year of award or honour !! Name of award or honour !! Awarding organisation
|-

| 2004
| [[Padma Shri]] National Award (management education)
| [[Government of India]]
|-
| 2004
| Science-in-Society Award
| [[Indian Science Congress Association]]
|-
| 2000
| Asian Innovation Award Gold
| [[Far Eastern Economic Review]]
|-
| 1993 - 96
| Pew Conservation Scholar Award
| [[University of Michigan]], USA.
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.iimahmedabad.org/ IIM Ahmedabad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822024134/http://www.iimahmedabad.org/ |date=2015-08-22 }}
*[https://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/ Prof. Anil K. Gupta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729083318/https://faculty.iima.ac.in/~anilg/ |date=2020-07-29 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110614150533/http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/~anilg/ Presentation page on Indian Institute of Management]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130730003215/http://www.sgiquarterly.org/feature2012Jan-5.html Interview with Anil Gupta on Grassroots Innovation in India]
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Literature & Education}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Anil Kumar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:TWAS laureates]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Business educators]]

Park Hyatt Hyderabad

2026-03-21T15:47:10Z

LeonorColangelo: creating new data

{{Short description|Hotel in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{more footnotes|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox hotel
| name = Park Hyatt Hyderabad
| logo = Park_Hyatt_Hyderabad_Logo.jpg
| image = Park_Hyatt_Hyderabad.jpg
| caption = Park Hyatt Hyderabad
| location = [[India]]
| address = Road no 2 , [[Banjara Hills]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|17.4248|78.4274|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map = India
| hotel_chain = [[Hyatt]]
| opening_date = {{start date and age|29 April 2012}}
| owner = Gayatri-Hi-tech Hotels
| operator = [[Global Hyatt Corporation]]
| architect = [[John Portman & Associates]]
| floor_count = 8
| number_of_rooms = 185
| number_of_suites = 24
| website = [http://hyderabad.park.hyatt.com/en/hotel/home.html hyderabad.park.hyatt.com]
}}
'''Park Hyatt Hyderabad''' is a luxury hotel located in the [[Banjara Hills]] neighbourhood of [[Hyderabad]], [[India]] that opened on 29 April 2012.
Built on an area of {{convert|32256|m2}} the Hotel is the first urban Park Hyatt in [[India]] and 29th hotel in the Park Hyatt portfolio.

== History ==
Built across on an area of {{convert|32256|m2}} the construction of the hotel started in 2006. Owned by Gayatri Hi-tech Hotels and managed by [[Hyatt]], the hotel was inaugurated on 29 April 2012 costing Rs 7 billion approximately.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

== The Hotel ==
The Hotel has 185 rooms, 24 suites on the first six floors and 42 furnished service [[apartments]] called The Residence on the top two floors. The residences are pet friendly and guests can stay with their pets. Each of the hotel’s guestrooms are among the largest in [[Hyderabad]], measuring at least 463 square feet. The lobby is designed with sparkling water feature and plants that surround a 35-foot tall white abstract sculpture. Park Hyatt Hyderabad is the first hotel in [[India]] to feature Hyatt’s residential-style [[meeting]] concept named The Manor. The total meetings and events facilities measure more than {{convert|1600|m2}}. Accommodating a range of [[dining]] the hotel has a Lobby Lounge - The [[Living Room]], The [[Dining Room]] – All Day Dining Restaurant, Tre-Forni Bar & Restaurant - Northern [[Italian Cuisine]], Rika – [[Asian cuisine|Asian]] [[Cuisine]]. The Hotel is also equipped with Spa & Fitness Facilities.{{citation needed|date=February 2014}}

== Art collection ==
The Park Hyatt Hyderabad owns a contemporary art collection composed of various international artists’ paintings: B2Fays (29 paintings, including 5 series of 20 meters long), [[Anuradha Thakur]], N Ramachandran, Y Shivaramacharry, David Sequiera, Udaya Chiluveru, Anamika V, Ramana Reddy, Y Shivaramacharry, Ritu Purana Das, Hetal Chudasama, Ashoke Mullick, Jaya Javeri, Kiran Kumar, Ravi, [[Laxman Aelay]], Atul Bhalla, Matthieu Faury, Mohammed Osman, Ramesh V, Chippa Sudhakar, Manohar C, G Anjaneyulu, Devyani Parikh, [[Laxma Goud]].<ref>[https://vimeo.com/b2fays/parkhyatthyderabad Park Hyatt Hyderabad - Art Collection - Béatrice de Fays] ''vimeo.com''.</ref>

== Events ==
The Hotel was a venue for events and conferences such as [[UNWTO]], [[Tata Group|TATA]] We- connect, Malaysian Trade High commission, HAL parliamentary and interactive art installation "Via presence" by B2Fays.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/art/your-presence-is-solicited/article4558065.ece The Hindu - Your presence is solicited]</ref>
The Hotel is also the official hospitality partner of IPL team Sunrisers Hyderabad.

It is also hosting the [[Pakistan national cricket team]] for its initial leg of the [[2023 Cricket World Cup]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-kTR1T2T5w Pakistan team arrived at park hyatt hotel Hyderabad]</ref>

==Incidents==
In 14 April 2025, a [[Fire (accident)|fire accident]] at the Park Hyatt hotel, Hyderabad led to the evacuation of guests, including members of the [[Sunrisers Hyderabad|Sunrisers]] [[IPL]] team. The incident was brought under control without any injuries.<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fire-scare-at-park-hyatt-in-hyderabads-banjara-hills-no-injuries-reported/article69448650.ece</ref><ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/hyderabad/story/fire-at-park-hyatt-hyderabad-sunrisers-hyderabad-team-no-one-injured-2708783-2025-04-14</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*24 April 2012 [http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/park-hyatt-restaurants-opened/article3346647.ece Park Hyatt restaurants opened], The Hindu
*HYDERABAD, 8 April 2012 [http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/luxury-has-a-new-address/article3290796.ece Luxury has a new address], The Hindu
*Amit Dixit [https://archive.today/20131224085027/http://travel.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?281655 The understated façade of the Park Hyatt Hyderabad], Travel Outlook India
*Mark Caswell on 3 April 2012<ref>[http://www.businesstraveller.com/news/park-hyatt-debuts-in-hyderabad Business Traveller]</ref>
*Stephanie Johnnidis on 6 April 2012 [http://www.fodors.com/news/story_5383.html Park Hyatt Hyderabad Opens in Southern India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509055941/http://www.fodors.com/news/story_5383.html |date=9 May 2014 }}, Fodors Travel
*Sunday, 6 October 2013 by HBI Staff [http://www.hospitalitybizindia.com/detailNews.aspx?aid=17744&sid=1 AP govt awards], Hospitality Biz India

==External links==
*[http://www.parkhyatthyderabad.com Official Website of Park Hyatt Hyderabad]

[[Category:Hotels in Hyderabad]]
[[Category:Hyatt Hotels and Resorts]]
[[Category:Hotel buildings completed in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Gujarat cricket team

2026-03-20T18:42:56Z

LeonorColangelo: cleanup citations also and added references

{{short description|Indian cricket team}}
{{Infobox cricket team
| name = Gujarat cricket team
| image =GujaratCricketAssociationLogo.jpg
| captain = [[Manan Hingrajia]]
| coach = [[Ramesh Powar]]
| owner = [[Gujarat Cricket Association]]
| founded = 1935
| ground = [[Narendra Modi Stadium]]
| capacity = 132,000
| first_fc = [[Bombay cricket team|Bombay]]
| first_fc_year = 1935
| first_fc_venue = [[Gujarat College Ground|Gujarat College Ground, Ahmedabad]]
| title1 = [[Ranji Trophy]]
| title1wins = 1
| title2 = [[Irani Cup]]
| title2wins = 0
| title3 = [[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]
| title3wins = 1
| title4 = [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]
| title4wins = 2
| website = [https://gujaratcricketassociation.com/ GCA]
}}

The '''Gujarat cricket team''' is one of the three [[first-class cricket]] teams based in the Indian state of [[Gujarat]] (the other two being the [[Baroda cricket team]] and the [[Saurashtra cricket team]]).

Led by [[Parthiv Patel]], Gujarat won their maiden Ranji Trophy title in the [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy|2016–17 season]], beating [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] in the final at Indore.<ref name="Gujarat1st">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1077518.html |title=Parthiv 143 leads Gujarat to maiden title |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=14 January 2017 |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref> In that match they made the highest successful run-chase in the final of the Ranji Trophy.<ref name="highest">{{cite news |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ranji-trophy-2016-17/content/story/1077540.html |title=Gujarat pull off record chase for maiden Ranji title |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |date=14 January 2017 |access-date=14 January 2017}}</ref>

It is in the Elite Group of the Ranji Trophy although it has had very little success. There have, however, been many cricketers that have passed through its ranks and gone on to play for the [[Indian cricket team]]. It falls under the West Zone in the [[Duleep Trophy]].

== History ==
Gujarat's first appearance in a [[Ranji Trophy]] final came in the season of 1950–51, where it was facing [[Holkar cricket team|Holkar]] in the Ranji Trophy Final. Holkar won the high-scoring match by 189 runs, the match featured a double century by Holkar's [[Chandu Sarwate]] and a fighting 152 by Gujarati off-spinner [[Jasu Patel]] (who averaged 21.70 in 87 innings).<ref>[http://www.cricinfo.com/link_to_database/ARCHIVE/1950S/1950-51/IND_LOCAL/RANJI/HOLKAR_GUJ_RJI-FINAL_17-21MAR1951.html Scoreboard of 1950/51 final match of Ranji Trophy, Holkar vs Gujarat]</ref>

In 2007–08, Gujarat won their maiden [[Ranji Trophy#Plate League|Ranji Trophy Plate League]] title by defeating [[Railways cricket team|Railways]].<ref>[http://content-www.cricinfo.com/ranjiplateleague/content/story/330018.html Gujarat clinch Plate League title with a thrilling win]</ref> Gujarat were in a lose-win situation and six and four and out they lost.

In the year 2010/11, Gujarat made a wonderful start to the Ranji Season. They went for a draw against Bengal and later on made an outright win against a strong Delhi Team but lost two consecutive matches against Madhya Pradesh and Baroda which ended their hope of entering Quarter Final Stage.

They drew a high scoring match against Tamil Nadu, which featured the comeback of [[Parthiv Patel]] (as he was busy in national duty) but lost the match against Haryana which forced them to go back at the Plate League.

Gujarat won the Syed Mushtaq Ali trophy in 2012–13 defeating Punjab in the final by four wickets with 13 deliveries to spare.

Gujarat's best appearance in a [[Ranji Trophy]] final came in the season of 2016–17, where it was facing Mumbai in the Ranji Trophy final in [[Indore]]. [[Parthiv Patel]] scored a precious century (143, 196b, 24 x 4s) and scripted a most memorable maiden [[Ranji Trophy]] victory at the [[Holkar Stadium]]. No team had chased a target over 310 in the Ranji Trophy and when Gujarat began the fifth and final day. [[Priyank Panchal]] from Gujarat made 1310 runs in the 2016-17 Ranji Trophy season at an average of 87.33 from 17 innings, which is the most by any batsman this season and the third most by any batsman in a single Ranji Trophy season. Gujarat's [[Samit Gohel]] made 359* runs against Orissa in Jaipur in this Ranji Trophy season, which became the joint fourth most by a player in a Ranji Trophy match. His score of 359* in that match is now the highest by an opener carrying the bat in a First Class match. He faced 723 balls in that innings and it is now the sixth-longest innings in terms of balls faced in a First Class match.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/ranji-trophy-201617-stats-review-from-gujarats-highest-successful-chase-in-final-to-rishab-pants-triple-ton-3205850.html|title=Ranji Trophy 2016/17, stats review: From Gujarat's highest successful chase in final to Rishab Pant's triple ton|date=2017-01-16|newspaper=Firstpost|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-17}}</ref>

==Honours==
* '''[[Ranji Trophy]]'''
** '''Winners:''' [[2016–17 Ranji Trophy|2016–17]]
** '''Runners-up:''' [[1950–51 Ranji Trophy|1950–51]]

* '''[[Vijay Hazare Trophy]]'''
** '''Winners:''' [[2015–16 Vijay Hazare Trophy|2015–16]]
** '''Runners-up:''' [[2010–11 Vijay Hazare Trophy|2010–11]]

* '''[[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]]'''
** '''Winners (2):''' [[2012–13 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy|2012–13]], [[2014–15 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy|2014–15]]

== Home grounds ==

* [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]]
* [[Lalabhai Contractor Stadium]], [[Surat]]
* [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium, Valsad|Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Stadium]], [[Valsad]]

== Notable players ==
{{main|List of Gujarat cricketers}}
* [[Vinoo Mankad]]
* [[Nari Contractor]]
* [[Axar Patel]]
* [[Parthiv Patel]]
* [[Manpreet Juneja]]
* [[Jasu Patel]]
* [[Deepak Shodhan]]
* [[Jasprit Bumrah]]
* [[Piyush Chawla]]

== Current squad ==
Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
|+
|-
! align="center" | Name
! align="center" | Birth date
! align="center" | Batting style
! align="center" | Bowling style
! align="center" | Notes
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Batsmen
|-
| Aarya Desai || {{birth date and age|2003|4|3|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| Jaymeet Patel || {{birth date and age|2002|5|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| Abhishek Desai || {{birth date and age|1998|12|10|df=y}} || Left-handed || ||
|-
| Saurav Chauhan || {{birth date and age|2000|5|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| [[Manan Hingrajia]] || {{birth date and age|1998|2|17|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || '''Captain'''
|-
| [[Kshitij Patel]] || {{birth date and age|1997|10|15|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| Umang Kumar || {{birth date and age|2000|12|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| Ahaan Poddar || {{birth date and age|2002|10|05|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] ||
|-
| [[Ripal Patel]] || {{birth date and age|1995|9|28|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Dhrushant Soni]] || {{birth date and age|1995|10|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| [[Hiten Mehra]] || {{birth date and age|1997|12|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] ||
|-
| Rishi Patel || {{birth date and age|2001|9|24|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | All-rounders
|-
| [[Hemang Patel]] || {{birth date and age|1998|11|20|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| '''[[Axar Patel]]''' || {{birth date and age|1994|1|20|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || Plays for '''[[Delhi Capitals]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Wicket-keeper
|-
| [[Urvil Patel]] || {{birth date and age|1998|10|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || || Plays for '''[[Chennai Super Kings]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Spinners
|-
| Vishal Jayswal || {{birth date and age|1998|4|2|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
| '''[[Ravi Bishnoi]]''' || {{birth date and age|2000|9|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || Plays for '''[[Rajasthan Royals]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| [[Siddharth Desai]] || {{birth date and age|2000|8|16|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] ||
|-
! colspan="5" style="background: #DCDCDC" align="center" | Pacers
|-
| [[Arzan Nagwaswalla]] || {{birth date and age|1997|10|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||`
|-
| [[Chintan Gaja]] || {{birth date and age|1994|11|13|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || '''Vice-Captain'''
|-
| Japagnya Bhatt || {{birth date and age|2001|9|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] ||
|-
| '''[[Harshal Patel]]''' || {{birth date and age|1990|11|23|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || Plays for '''[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|-
| '''[[Jasprit Bumrah]]''' || {{birth date and age|1993|12|6|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || Plays for '''[[Mumbai Indians]]''' in [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]
|}

''Updated as on 1 February 2026''

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://gujaratcricketassociation.com/ Gujarat cricket team official website]
* [http://content-www.cricinfo.com/india/content/team/1729.html Gujarat Cricket Team page] at ESPNcricinfo

{{Gujarat cricket squad}}
{{Ranji Trophy}}
{{Cricket in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gujarat Cricket Team}}
[[Category:First-class cricket teams in India]]
[[Category:Cricket in Gujarat]]
[[Category:1935 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 1935]]

Mrunal Thakur

2026-03-15T10:56:07Z

LeonorColangelo: updated details

{{Short description|Indian actress (born 1992)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Mrunal Thakur
| image = Mrunal Thakur in Andheri 1 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Thakur in 2024
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|08|01}}
| birth_place = [[Dhule]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| occupation = Actress
| years_active = 2012{{ndash}}present
|
}}

'''Mrunal Thakur''' (born 1 August 1992)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Vinod |first1=Nibandh |title=Mrunal Thakur Birthday: Net Worth, Car Collection And Bold Fashion Looks |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/mrunal-thakur-birthday-net-worth-car-collection-and-bold-fashion-looks-9470957.html |website=News18 |access-date=24 January 2026}}</ref> is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Hindi cinema|Hindi]] and [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] films. Thakur is a recipient of several accolades including a [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award South]], a [[Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Award]], three [[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]] and an [[Indian Television Academy Awards|ITA Award]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 August 2024 |title=When Mrunal Thakur was replaced from lead to second lead in a TV show, interesting facts about the actress |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/celebrities/when-mrunal-thakur-was-replaced-from-lead-to-second-lead-in-a-tv-show-interesting-facts-about-birthday-girl-2024-08-01-944666 |access-date=16 August 2024 |publisher=India TV}}</ref>

Thakur began her acting career in television, starring in the soap operas ''[[Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan]]'' (2012) and ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' (2014–2016), which earned her the [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]. Thakur made her [[Hindi cinema|Hindi film]] debut with ''[[Love Sonia]]'' (2018) and subsequently played the female lead in ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]'' (2019) and ''[[Batla House]]'' (2019), both of which were box-office successes. After a series of commercial failures, Thakur gained popularity with the successful [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] romantic dramas ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' (2022) and ''[[Hi Nanna]]'' (2023).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rao |first=Justin |date=11 January 2024 |title=Why internet can't stop talking about Mrunal Thakur from Hi Nanna: Decoding Telugu success of the actor who isn't settling for flowerpot roles in South films |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/why-internet-cant-stop-talking-about-mrunal-thakur-from-hi-nana-decoding-telugu-success-of-the-actor-who-isnt-settling-for-flowerpot-roles-in-south-films-9102903/ |access-date=11 January 2024 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>

==Early life==
Mrunal Thakur was born on 1 August 1992 to a [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-speaking family<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1 May 2018 |title=Happy Birthday, Mrunal Thakur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/happy-birthday-mrunal-thakur-5-pictures-of-kumkum-bhagya-actress-that-prove-she-is-a-style-diva-1302322-2018-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721130521/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/photo/happy-birthday-mrunal-thakur-5-pictures-of-kumkum-bhagya-actress-that-prove-she-is-a-style-diva-1302322-2018-08-01 |archive-date=21 July 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Happy Birthday Mrunal Thakur: Here's how B-Town wished Mrunal Thakur on her birthday |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/entertainment/bollywood/heres-how-b-town-wished-mrunal-thakur-on-her-birthday20210801184640/ |access-date=1 August 2022 |work=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/buzz/birthday-girl-mrunal-thakur-turns-30-time-to-know-more-about-jersey-actors-fashion-sense/articleshow/93275170.cms Mrunal Thakur]</ref> in [[Dhule]], [[Maharashtra]]. She attended St. Joseph's Convent School, [[Jalgaon]], and [[Vasant Vihar High School]], near Mumbai.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Personal Agenda with Mrunal Thakur: "The best thing about Bollywood is that you can make a difference by being a part of a film, which inspires millions!" |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/personal-agenda-with-mrunal-thakur-the-best-thing-about-bollywood-is-that-you-can-make-a-difference-by-being-a-part-of-a-film-which-inspires-millions/story-ROP4KqkzDFJHaYr2op2c2J.html |access-date=7 June 2020 |work=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> Thakur left [[Kishinchand Chellaram College|KC College]] without graduating as she was pursuing a television career at the time of studying.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Mrunal Thakur rubbishes rumours of having two degrees; reveals she was kicked out of college |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mrunal-thakur-rubbishes-rumours-of-having-two-degrees-reveals-she-was-kicked-out-of-college/articleshow/92096773.cms? |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref name="Kishinchand Chellaram College - About US">{{Cite web |title=About KC College |url=http://www.kccollege.edu.in/about-kc.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804035315/http://www.kccollege.edu.in/about-kc.php |archive-date=4 August 2016 |access-date=26 July 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
===Early career and television (2012–2016)===
While attending college, Thakur landed a lead role as Gauri Bhosle opposite [[Mohit Sehgal]] in the [[StarPlus|Star Plus]] series ''[[Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan]]''. The show aired from 2012 to 2013. Later in 2013, Thakur appeared in an episodic appearance on the mystery thriller ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Har Yug Mein Aayega Ek – Arjun]]'', in which she played a journalist named Sakshi Anand.<ref name="Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan & Arjun" />

In February 2014, She was cast for [[Zee TV]]'s soap opera ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'', for which she began shooting the following month.<ref name="Kumkum Bhagyan" /> The show, co-starring [[Sriti Jha]], [[Shabir Ahluwalia]], [[Arjit Taneja]], and [[Supriya Shukla]], started airing on 15 April, and saw Thakur portray Bulbul Arora Khanna, a woman who along with her elder sister (played by Jha) helps their mother (played by Shukla) run a marriage hall. The show received mostly positive to mixed reviews from critics. Thakur quit the show in January 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 December 2014 |title=Kumkum Bhagya – The Biggest Fiction Launch of 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/hindi/Kumkum-Bhagya-The-Biggest-Fiction-Launch-of-2014/articleshow/39626099.cms |access-date=12 April 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

She appeared as a Contestant on ''Box Cricket League 1'' in 2014 and ''[[Nach Baliye 7]]'' in 2015. In 2016, she danced in a special episode of [[&TV]]'s ''[[Saubhagyalakshmi]]'',<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2016 |title=Kumkum Bhagya fame Mrunal Thakur to enter Saubhagyalakshmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/kumkum-bhagya-famed-mrunal-thakur-to-enter-saubhagyalakshmi/videoshow/50533100.cms |access-date=12 February 2017 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and had a guest appearance in ''[[Tuyul & Mbak Yul Reborn]]''. Her final appearance before she retired from television was on the Indonesian serial ''Nadin'', where she played Tara.

=== Expansion to Hindi films (2014–2021) ===
Thakur made her film debut with the [[Marathi cinema|Marathi film]] ''[[Hello Nandan]]'' (2014), in which she played the role of Rubi, followed by another Marathi film ''[[Vitti Dandu]]'' (2014), where she portrayed Sandhya. Her next Marathi film was ''[[Surajya]]'', where she played the role of Dr. Swapna.
In 2016, Thakur began work on her first Hindi project, the international film ''[[Love Sonia]]'', for which she stayed at [[Kolkata]]. The film was released in September 2018 after various delays and featured her in the titular role of a village girl who brings to light the issue of global human trafficking. For preparation, Thakur stayed at a brothel to study the body language of prostitutes. Although the film was generally well reviewed, it was a failure at the domestic box office.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2019 |title=Stars defend Love Sonia, a sex slavery film, after box office flop |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/smart-living/stars-defend-love-sonia-a-sex-slavery-film-after-box-office-flop-2087091.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012061911/https://www.cnbctv18.com/smart-living/stars-defend-love-sonia-a-sex-slavery-film-after-box-office-flop-2087091.htm |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=CNBC TV18}}</ref>

Thakur's [[Hindi cinema|Bollywood]] debut came in 2019 with [[Vikas Bahl]]'s biographical drama ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]'', narrating the story of mathematician [[Anand Kumar]] (played by [[Hrithik Roshan]] in the film) and his [[Super 30|educational program of the same name]], in which she portrayed Supriya, a classical dancer and Kumar's love interest. It emerged as a commercial success and one of the [[List of Hindi films of 2019#Box office collection|top-grossing Hindi films of 2019]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2019 |title=Flawed but powerful sex-trafficking drama |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jan/25/love-sonia-review-sex-trafficking-drama-tabrez-noorani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731204750/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/jan/25/love-sonia-review-sex-trafficking-drama-tabrez-noorani |archive-date=31 July 2019 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> In the same year, she played [[John Abraham]]'s wife Nandita Kumar in [[Nikkhil Advani]]'s ''[[Batla House]]'', based on the 2008 [[Batla House encounter case]]. It grossed over {{INRConvert|1.11|b}} worldwide, becoming a commercially successful venture.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 September 2018 |title='Love Sonia': A familiar tale brutally told |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/love-sonia-a-familiar-tale-brutally-told-ians-review-rating-118091300107_1.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913113110/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/love-sonia-a-familiar-tale-brutally-told-ians-review-rating-118091300107_1.html |archive-date=13 September 2018 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=Business Standard}}</ref>

In 2020, Thakur appeared in a [[Netflix]] venture, the four-part anthology horror film ''[[Ghost Stories (2020 film)|Ghost Stories]]'' as Ira in [[Karan Johar]]'s segment.<ref name="Ghost Stories" /> The same year she appeared in a music video "Gallan Goriya", alongside [[John Abraham]].<ref name="Gallan" /> In 2021, Thakur starred in the sports drama, ''[[Toofaan]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2021 |title=Mrunal Thakur dons dominant green colour for Toofan promotions, opts for pleated midi dress worth Rs. 35,020 : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mrunal-thakur-dons-dominant-green-colour-toofan-promotions-opts-pleated-midi-dress-worth-rs-35020/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716113525/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mrunal-thakur-dons-dominant-green-colour-toofan-promotions-opts-pleated-midi-dress-worth-rs-35020/ |archive-date=16 July 2021 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref> directed by [[Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra]] and co-starring [[Farhan Akhtar]], which premiered on 16 July 2021 on [[Amazon Prime Video]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2021 |title=Farhan Akhtar's pugilist drama Tofaan to release on OTT on May 21, confirms director Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/farhan-akhtars-pugilist-drama-tofaan-release-ott-may-21-confirms-director-rakeysh-omprakash-mehra/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310060009/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/farhan-akhtars-pugilist-drama-tofaan-release-ott-may-21-confirms-director-rakeysh-omprakash-mehra/ |archive-date=10 March 2021 |access-date=10 March 2021 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref> In addition, she co-starred in the action thriller ''[[Dhamaka (2021 film)|Dhamaka]]'', directed by [[Ram Madhvani]] and co-starring [[Kartik Aaryan]] and [[Amruta Subhash]], which released on [[Netflix]] on 19 November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2020 |title=Mrunal Thakur to star opposite Kartik Aaryan in Dhamaka! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-to-star-opposite-kartik-aaryan-in-dhamaka-45308.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924070651/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-to-star-opposite-kartik-aaryan-in-dhamaka-45308.html |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=[[Filmfare]]}}</ref> She also appeared in two music videos in the year 2021, "Bad Boy x Bad Girl" with [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]] and "Aise Na Chhoro" with [[Guru Randhawa]].<ref name="Bad Boy" /><ref name="Aise" />

=== Expansion to Telugu films and fluctuations (2022–present) ===
The sports drama ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]'', a remake of the [[Jersey (2019 film)|2019 Telugu film]] of the same name, co-starring [[Shahid Kapoor]], finally released in 2022 after getting delayed multiple times due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2021 |title='Jersey': Shahid Kapoor announces the trailer release date; says 'waited to share this emotion with you for 2 years' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jersey-shahid-kapoor-announces-the-trailer-release-date-says-waited-to-share-this-emotion-with-you-for-2-years/articleshow/87843985.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122071334/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jersey-shahid-kapoor-announces-the-trailer-release-date-says-waited-to-share-this-emotion-with-you-for-2-years/articleshow/87843985.cms |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> Thakur co-starred with [[Shahid Kapoor]] in the film, which received mixed to positive reviews but was a commercial failure at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jersey Movie Review : A well-pitched father-son drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/jersey/movie-review/90966070.cms |access-date=21 April 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 April 2022 |title=Explained: Why Jersey failed at the box office despite Shahid Kapoor's powerful performance |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/bollywood/explained-why-jersey-failed-at-the-box-office-despite-shahid-kapoors-powerful-performance-10604271.html |access-date=25 May 2022 |website=Firstpost |language=en}}</ref> Thakur made her [[Telugu cinema|Telugu]] film debut opposite [[Dulquer Salmaan]] in [[Hanu Raghavapudi]]'s [[Period film|period]] [[Romance film|romantic drama]] ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2021 |title=Mrunal Thakur set to play Sita in Dulquer Salmaan's upcoming film: 'Here to conquer your hearts' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/mrunal-thakur-to-play-sita-in-dulquer-salmaan-upcoming-film-7433095/ |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The film received positive reviews and emerged as blockbuster at the box office,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sita Ramam Lifetime Box Office Collection: A Timeline |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sita-ramam-lifetime-box-office-collection-a-timeline-6205993.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> with her character Sita Mahalakshmi gaining praise from the viewers and critics.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sashidhar Adivi |date=27 December 2022 |title=Tollywood: Driven by success |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/271222/tollywood-driven-by-success.html |access-date=12 January 2023 |work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Sita Ramam Movie Review : A predictable but poetic tale of love |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/sita-ramam/movie-review/93368064.cms |access-date=5 August 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2022 |title=Sita Ramam box office day 6 collection: Dulquer Salmaan, Mrunal Thakur film crosses ₹40 crore mark |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/sita-ramam-box-office-day-6-collection-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-film-crosses-40-crore-mark-101660194975725-amp.html |access-date=11 August 2022 |website=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref> Her performance in ''[[Sita Ramam]]'' received several awards and nominations, including winning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=28 July 2022 |title=Hanu Raghavapudi: The war in Dulquer Salmaan, Mrunal Thakur's 'Sita Ramam' is an internal battle |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/hanu-raghavapudi-the-war-in-sita-ramam-is-an-internal-battle/article65689381.ece |access-date=5 August 2022 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Thakur had five releases in 2023, the first four being Hindi films. ''[[Gumraah (2023 film)|Gumraah]]'' and ''[[Aankh Micholi]]'' were both commercial failures at the box office,<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 April 2023 |title=Aditya Roy Kapur's Gumraah Flops Miserably at Box Office; Ajay Devgn-starrer Bholaa Has Decent Run |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/aditya-roy-kapur-gumraah-flops-miserably-at-box-office-ajay-devgn-starrer-bholaa-has-decent-run-7516393.html |access-date=11 April 2023 |website=[[News18]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2021 |title='Aankh Micholi' starring Abhimanyu Dassani, Mrunal Thakur, Paresh Rawal, and others to release on May 13, 2022 |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/aankh-micholi-starring-abhimanyu-dassani-mrunal-thakur-paresh-rawal-and-others-to-release-on-may-13-2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122070839/https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/bollywood/aankh-micholi-starring-abhimanyu-dassani-mrunal-thakur-paresh-rawal-and-others-to-release-on-may-13-2022 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |access-date=8 December 2021 |website=[[The Free Press Journal]]}}</ref> while ''[[Lust Stories 2]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=VERMA |first=SUKANYA |title=Lust Stories 2 Review: Konkona Saves The Day! |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/lust-stories-2-review/20230629.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705032103/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/lust-stories-2-review/20230629.htm |archive-date=5 July 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=Rediff |language=en}}</ref> and the [[Ishaan Khatter]] starrer war action film ''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2019 |title=Baahubali web series on Netflix may release before its planned date |url=https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/baahubali-web-series-on-netflix-may-release-before-its-planned-date-322063.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805085503/https://www.in.com/entertainment/regional/baahubali-web-series-on-netflix-may-release-before-its-planned-date-322063.htm |archive-date=5 August 2019 |access-date=5 August 2019 |website=[[In.com]] |publisher=[[Web18]]}}</ref> were released digitally. [[Pippa (film)|Pippa]] received praise from both audience and critics,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishaan Khatter pens a thankful note as he salutes the Pippa crew and extends love to the audience {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/ishaan-khatter-pens-a-thankful-note-as-he-salutes-the-pippa-crew-and-extends-love-to-the-audience-62547.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref> with Thakur's performance receiving praise from the audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Pippa Twitter reviews: Ishaan Khatter, Mrunal Thakur win praise for war film; AR Rahman's music called 'outstanding' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/pippa-twitter-reviews-ishaan-khatter-mrunal-thakur-ar-rahmans-music-outstanding-101699599480223.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In her last 2023 release, Thakur starred in the Telugu romance ''[[Hi Nanna]]'' opposite [[Nani (actor)|Nani]], which received positive reviews, with her characters Yashna/Varsha getting praise from the critics and viewers .<ref name="hn">{{Cite news |date=13 July 2023 |title=Nani and Mrunal Thakur's film titled 'Hi Nanna' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nani-mrunal-thakur-telugu-film-directed-by-shouryuv-titled-hi-nanna/article67074931.ece/ |access-date=29 July 2023 |work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hi Nanna Movie Review: Heartwarming Tale of Love and Resilience; Nani, Mrunal, & Kiara Melt Hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/hi-nanna/movie-review/105793018.cms |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hi Nanna: Fans Give Glorious Reviews to Nani Film, Call It 'Blockbuster'; Mrunal Thakur Reacts |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/hi-nanna-fans-give-glorious-reviews-to-nani-film-call-it-blockbuster-mrunal-thakur-reacts-8694462.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> It was a superhit at the box office <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-17 |title=Hi Nanna Total WW Collections!! - T2BLive |url=https://t2blive.com/hi-nanna-total-ww-collections/ |access-date=2025-08-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hi Nanna OTT release date– Here's when and where to watch the Nani, Mrunal Thakur starrer |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/hi-nanna-on-ott-the-expected-release-date-of-the-nani-starrer-is-here/24ceb8cd76948 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref> Her performance in [[Hi Nanna]] received several awards and nominations, including winning the [[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress Critics – Telugu]].<ref name=":1" /> at [[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]].

In 2024, Thakur appeared in her third Telugu film, ''[[The Family Star]]'', opposite [[Vijay Deverakonda]]. She played Indu, an anthropology student working on her thesis who is also an entrepreneur.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 June 2023 |title=VD 13: Vijay Deverakonda and Mrunal Thakur's much-awaited project takes off; see pics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vd-13-vijay-deverakonda-and-mrunal-thakurs-much-awaited-project-takes-off-see-pics/articleshow/100989368.cms |access-date=14 June 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> The film received mixed to negative reviews from critics and was a commercial failure at the box office .<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=5 April 2024 |title='Family Star' movie review: What exactly does Vijay Deverakonda's drama intend to convey? |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/family-star-movie-review-director-parasurams-telugu-film-with-vijay-deverakonda-and-mrunal-thakur-is-an-incoherent-muddle/article68031794.ece |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405095109/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/family-star-movie-review-director-parasurams-telugu-film-with-vijay-deverakonda-and-mrunal-thakur-is-an-incoherent-muddle/article68031794.ece |archive-date=5 April 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> Thakur made a cameo appearance as Divya in the sci-fi epic ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kalki 2898 AD: Mrunal Thakur Praises Amitabh Bachchan, Calls Him 'Truly Shahenshah' |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/kalki-2898-ad-mrunal-thakur-praises-amitabh-bachchan-calls-him-truly-shahenshah-8957709.html |access-date=2025-09-06 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> In 2025, Thakur played a Pakistani dancer Rabia in the comedy film ''[[Son of Sardaar 2]]'' co-starring with [[Ajay Devgn]]. The film received mixed reviews from critics and viewers and was a commercial failure at the box office, with her performance receiving praise from critics.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-01 |title=Son of Sardaar 2 movie review: We didn't ask for this Ajay Devgn sequel, but it's here- and it's silly, harmless fun |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/son-of-sardaar-2-movie-review-we-didnt-ask-for-this-ajay-devgn-sequel-but-its-here-and-its-silly-harmless-fun-101754027866147.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India Today Entertainment |date=2025-08-02 |title=Son of Sardaar 2 vs Dhadak 2 box office Day 1: Ajay Devgn's film earns twice |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/son-of-sardaar-2-vs-dhadak-2-box-office-collection-day-1-detailed-report-ajay-devgn-film-earns-twice-2765105-2025-08-02 |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

In her first release of 2026, she starred in a romantic drama film ''[[Do Deewane Seher Mein]]'' with [[Siddhant Chaturvedi]]. Writing from Deepa Gahlot of ''[[Rediff]]'' and [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' both panned the film and opined, "Thakur's character struggles with insecurity and unflattering glasses "in a dull", slow-paced film with lacking humor and "genuine romantic tension".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/do-deewane-seher-mein-review/20260220.htm|title=Do Deewane Seher Mein: Zero Deewangi|website=Rediff|access-date= 20 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Shubhra|last=Gupta|title=Do Deewane Seher Mein movie review: Siddhant Chaturvedi, Mrunal Thakur film just doesn’t have enought deewanapan|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/do-deewane-seher-mein-movie-review-siddhant-chaturvedi-mrunal-thakur-film-just-doesnt-have-enought-deewanapan-10542623/|date=20 February 2026|website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The film also was a [[box office flop]].<ref name="bo">{{Cite web| title = Do Deewane Seher Mein box office collection | date = 20 February 2026 | url = https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/deewane-seher-mein/box-office/| access-date = 21 February 2026 | website = [[Bollywood Hungama]] | language = en |quote=The performance of Do Deewane Seher Mein was Flop.}}</ref>

Thakur will next appear in ''Dacoit'' film co-starring with [[Adivi Sesh]]. The film which is being shot in both Telugu and Hindi is scheduled to release on 10 April 2026.<ref>https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/dacoit-avoids-clash-with-ranveer-singhs-dhurandhar-2-and-yashs-toxic-adivi-seshs-film-to-now-release-on-this-date-101770180255281.html</ref> She finished shooting for [[Maddock Films]]' ''Pooja Meri Jaan'' alongside [[Huma Qureshi]] in 2022, but the film is yet to be released.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 July 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Huma Qureshi, Mrunal Thakur to star in Dinesh Vijan's next production Pooja Meri Jaan |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/exclusive-huma-qureshi-to-star-in-dinesh-vijans-next-production-pooja-meri-jaan/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2025-05-12 |title=Maddock Films-backed Pooja Meri Jaan, Rumi Ki Sharafat, and Sarvagunn Sampanna face delays due to OTT valuation issues: Report : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/maddock-films-backed-pooja-meri-jaan-rumi-ki-sharafat-sarvagunn-sampanna-face-delays-due-ott-valuation-issues-report/ |access-date=2025-08-31 |language=en}}</ref>

== Media image ==

''[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]'' finds Thakur to be "honest and heartwarming".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Actress Mrunal Thakur gets candid about Jersey and more... |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/mrunal-thakur-gets-candid-about-jersey-and-more/cid/1860209 |access-date=20 November 2022 |website=The Telegraph (India)}}</ref> On her choice of films, she said, "I just want to be associated with good scripts, to play woman of substance, and see what she's contributing to."<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 April 2022 |title=Mrunal Thakur: 'Want to make sure I'm relatable when it comes to the audience' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-jersey-characters-television-7876718/lite/ |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Thakur ranked 8th in ''[[Eastern Eye]]''{{'}}s Top 30 under 30 Global Asian Stars List of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 January 2021 |title=The New Generation: Top 30 under 30 Global Asian Stars; check complete list |url=https://www.easterneye.biz/the-new-generation-top-30-under-30-global-asian-stars/ |access-date=20 January 2021 |website=Eastern Eye |language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2022, Thakur curated a food donation drive in collaboration with "All About Them", a foundation that helps stray and community animals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2022 |title=Mrunal Thakur leads an example, to host food donation drive for stray animals |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/mrunal-thakur-leads-an-example-to-host-food-donation-drive-for-stray-animals-11478111.html/amp |access-date=19 October 2022 |website=Firstpost}}</ref> Thakur is a celebrity endorser for several brands and products, including [[Lakmé Cosmetics|Lakme]] and [[Dulux]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2022 |title=EXCLUSIVE: Mrunal Thakur to Open for Lakmé Absolute Grand Finale Designer Rajesh Pratap Singh |url=https://www.news18.com/news/lifestyle/exclusive-mrunal-thakur-to-open-for-lakme-absolute-grand-finale-designer-rajesh-pratap-singh-6139993.html |access-date=11 October 2022 |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunal Thakur and Ronit Roy feel like home in Dulux campaign; watch |url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/advertising/mrunal-thakur-and-ronit-roy-feel-like-home-in-dulux-campaign/90937366 |access-date=22 April 2022 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
===Films===
{{pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col"| Year
! scope="col"| Title
! scope="col"| Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Language
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{Refh}}
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2014
| ''[[Hello Nandan]]''
| Rubi
| rowspan="3"|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]
|
|
|-
| ''[[Vitti Dandu]]''
| Sandhya
|
|<ref name="Vitti Dandu">{{Cite web |date=November 2014 |title=I'm Excited About My 'Lavani' Performance in 'Viti-Dandu': Mrunal Thakur |url=http://www.zeetalkies.com/celebs-speak/im-excited-about-my-lavani-performance-in-viti-dandu-mrunal-thakur.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621155732/http://www.zeetalkies.com/celebs-speak/im-excited-about-my-lavani-performance-in-viti-dandu-mrunal-thakur.html |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |publisher=[[Zee TV]]}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Surajya]]''
| Dr. Swapna
|
|<ref name="Surajya">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2014 |title=Surajya (Marathi) / Socially Relevant |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/surajya-marathi-socially-relevant/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621051738/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/surajya-marathi-socially-relevant/ |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Love Sonia]]''
| Sonia Singhania
| rowspan="7"|[[Hindi]]
|
|<ref name="Love Sonia">{{Cite web |date=1 September 2018 |title=Mrunal Thakur : I had nervous breakdowns while filming 'Love Sonia' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mrunal-thakur-i-had-nervous-breakdowns-while-filming-love-sonia/articleshow/65636615.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902083817/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mrunal-thakur-i-had-nervous-breakdowns-while-filming-love-sonia/articleshow/65636615.cms |archive-date=2 September 2018 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2019
| ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]''
| Supriya
|
|<ref name="Super30">{{Cite web |date=2 July 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur on working with Hrithik Roshan in Super 30 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mrunal-thakur-on-working-with-hrithik-roshan-in-super-30-nothing-better-than-romancing-the-greek-god-1560217-2019-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621053357/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/mrunal-thakur-on-working-with-hrithik-roshan-in-super-30-nothing-better-than-romancing-the-greek-god-1560217-2019-07-02 |archive-date=21 June 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Batla House]]''
| Nandita
|
|<ref name="Batla House">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur on working with John Abraham for Batla House |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-on-working-with-john-abraham-for-batla-house-i-was-excited-to-shoot-in-those-cable-cars-john-is-great-fun-to-be-with/story-jpblOBMSgwxfF0YCz8F6zN.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622034011/https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-on-working-with-john-abraham-for-batla-house-i-was-excited-to-shoot-in-those-cable-cars-john-is-great-fun-to-be-with/story-jpblOBMSgwxfF0YCz8F6zN.html |archive-date=22 June 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Ghost Stories (2020 film)|Ghost Stories]]''
| Ira Kapoor
| [[Karan Johar]]'s segment
|<ref name="Ghost Stories">{{Cite web |date=27 December 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur Talks About Dead Grandmas And Ghost Stories |url=https://www.mansworldindia.com/entertainment/exclusive-mrunal-thakur-talks-about-dead-grandmas-and-ghost-stories/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809234148/https://www.mansworldindia.com/entertainment/exclusive-mrunal-thakur-talks-about-dead-grandmas-and-ghost-stories/ |archive-date=9 August 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=[[MW (Indian magazine)|Man's World]]}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2021
| ''[[Toofaan]]''
| Dr. Ananya Prabhu
|
|<ref name="Toofan">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur starts shooting for Farhan Akhtar starrer 'Toofan' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mrunal-thakur-starts-shooting-for-farhan-akhtar-starrer-toofan/articleshow/71534939.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200106140619/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mrunal-thakur-starts-shooting-for-farhan-akhtar-starrer-toofan/articleshow/71534939.cms |archive-date=6 January 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dhamaka (2021 film)|Dhamaka]]''
| Saumya Mehra
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrunal Thakur to star opposite Kartik Aaryan in Dhamaka! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-to-star-opposite-kartik-aaryan-in-dhamaka-45308.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924070651/https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/mrunal-thakur-to-star-opposite-kartik-aaryan-in-dhamaka-45308.html |archive-date=24 September 2021 |access-date=24 September 2021 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
| ''[[Jersey (2022 film)|Jersey]]''
| Vidya Rao
|
|<ref name="Jersey">{{Cite web |date=19 November 2019 |title=Mrunal Thakur Joins Shahid Kapoor in Jersey |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mrunal-thakur-joins-shahid-kapoor-in-jersey-says-was-bowled-over-by-films-passionate-emotional-journey-2391865.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620183429/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/mrunal-thakur-joins-shahid-kapoor-in-jersey-says-was-bowled-over-by-films-passionate-emotional-journey-2391865.html |archive-date=20 June 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=CNN-News18}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Sita Ramam]]''
| Sita Mahalakshmi / Noor Jahan{{efn|Thakur played a single character with two names.|name=character}}
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2022 |title=Sita Ramam glimpse: Rashmika Mandanna's Afreen is on a mission to make Dulquer Salmaan, Mrunal Thakur win |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/sita-ramam-glimpse-rashmika-mandannas-afreen-is-on-a-mission-to-make-dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-win-7862476/lite/ |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|''Jahaan''
| Ghazal
| rowspan="6" | Hindi
| Short film
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jahaan: Mrunal Thakur & Avinash Tiwary share delightful chemistry in this predictable drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/jahaan/ottmoviereview/90303533.cms |access-date=28 September 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2023
| ''[[Selfiee]]''
| Unnamed
| Cameo appearance in the song "Kudiyee Ni Teri"
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title=Selfiee trailer: Akshay Kumar goes meta in superstar vs superfan film with Emraan Hashmi as he says 'mujhe saal mein 4 movies karni hoti' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/selfiee-trailer-akshay-kumar-emraan-hashmi-main-khiladi-tu-anari-meta-film-video-8397501/ |access-date=22 January 2023 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Gumraah (2023 film)|Gumraah]]''
| Shivani Mathur
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2021 |title=Aditya Roy Kapur begins shoot of Bhushan Kumar and Murad Khetani's Thadam remake on Dussehra |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aditya-roy-kapur-begins-shoot-bhushan-kumar-murad-khetanis-thadam-remake-dussehra/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015113110/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/aditya-roy-kapur-begins-shoot-bhushan-kumar-murad-khetanis-thadam-remake-dussehra/ |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lust Stories 2]]''
| Veda Kaushal
| [[R. Balki]]'s segment
| <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2023 |title=Lust Stories 2 teaser: Neena Gupta, Kajol, Tamannaah Bhatia, Vijay Verma, Mrunal Thakur to star in anthology |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/web-series/lust-stories-2-teaser-neena-gupta-kajol-tamannaah-bhatia-vijay-verma-mrunal-thakur-8647966/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aankh Micholi (2023 film)|Aankh Micholi]]''
| Paro Singh
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mittal |first=Ishaan |date=6 March 2020 |title='My hard work is paying off', says Mrunal Thakur |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/-my-hard-work-is-paying-off-says-mrunal-thakur-1653003-2020-03-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104205659/https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/-my-hard-work-is-paying-off-says-mrunal-thakur-1653003-2020-03-06 |archive-date=4 November 2020 |access-date=8 May 2021 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''
| Radha Mehta
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 October 2021 |title=Mrunal Thakur wraps up the shoot of Pippa |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mrunal-thakur-wraps-shoot-pippa-see-photos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006072909/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mrunal-thakur-wraps-shoot-pippa-see-photos/ |archive-date=6 October 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021 |work=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Hi Nanna]]''
| Yashna / Varsha{{efn|Thakur played a single character with two names.|name=character}}
| rowspan="3"|Telugu
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Hi Nanna Movie Review : Heartwarming Tale of Love and Resilience; Nani, Mrunal, & Kiara Melt Hearts |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/hi-nanna/movie-review/105793018.cms |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2024
|{{no wrap|''[[The Family Star]]''}}
| Indu Dhanraj
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Pic: Vijay Deverakonda joins 'VD13' team to surprise Mrunal Thakur on her birthday |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/pic-vijay-deverakonda-joins-vd13-team-to-surprise-mrunal-thakur-on-her-birthday/articleshow/102337673.cms |access-date=4 August 2023 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
| Divya
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Vanshika |date=25 June 2024 |title=Are Dulquer Salmaan & Mrunal Thakur playing Prabhas' parents in Kalki 2898 AD? |url=https://www.news9live.com/entertainment/telugu/dulquer-salmaan-mrunal-thakur-playing-prabhas-parents-in-kalki-2898-ad-2590842 |access-date=27 June 2024 |work=News9live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |2025
| ''[[Son of Sardaar 2]]''
| Rabia Akhtar
| rowspan="2" | Hindi
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2025 |title=Duja trailer of Son of Sardaar 2 to drop on July 22; Ajay Devgn to return as Jassi promising more chaos and laughter in another trailer |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/duja-trailer-son-sardaar-2-drop-july-22-ajay-devgn-return-jassi-promising-chaos-laughter-another-trailer/ |access-date=22 July 2025 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2026
|''[[Do Deewane Seher Mein]]''
|Roshni
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-14 |title=Siddhant Chaturvedi and Mrunal Thakur's film with Sanjay Leela Bhansali has special connection to THIS Shraddha Kapoor, Aditya Roy Kapur movie |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/siddhant-chaturvedi-and-mrunal-thakurs-film-with-sanjay-leela-bhansali-has-a-special-connection-to-this-shraddha-kapoor-aditya-roy-kapur-movie-1347792 |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{Pending film|[[Dacoit: A Love Story]]}}
|Juliet
|Telugu Hindi
|Bilingual film
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-12-17 |title=Mrunal Thakur Joins Adivi Sesh in Indian Action Drama 'Dacoit' (EXCLUSIVE) |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/mrunal-thakur-adivi-sesh-dacoit-1236250521/ |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|Hai Jawani Toh Ishq Hona Hai}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| Filming
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 July 2024 |title=Varun Dhawan and David Dhawan's next titled Hai Jawani Toh Ishq Hona Hai |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/exclusive-varun-dhawan-and-david-dhawans-next-titled-hai-jawani-toh-ishq-hona-hai-1326340 |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Pinkvilla}}</ref>
|-
| {{pending film|Pooja Meri Jaan}}
| Pooja
| Post-production
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Huma Qureshi, Mrunal Thakur to star in Pooja Meri Jaan, call it an 'important film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/huma-qureshi-mrunal-thakur-to-star-in-pooja-meri-jaan-call-it-an-important-film-8052064/lite/ |access-date=26 July 2022 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" | 2027
| {{pending film|[[AA22xA6]]}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| rowspan="1" |Telugu
| Filming
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='AA22xA6': Allu Arjun begins filming for Atlee's directorial, Mrunal Thakur joins ahead of Deepika Padukone |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/aa22xa6-allu-arjun-begins-filming-for-atlees-directorial-mrunal-thakur-joins-ahead-of-deepika-padukone/articleshow/121846940.cms |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|}


===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Notes
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2012–2013
| ''[[Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan]]''
| Gauri Bhonsle
|
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Mujhse Kuchh Kehti...Yeh Khamoshiyaan & Arjun">{{Cite web |date=23 March 2014 |title=Mrunal Thakur: new lead of Arjun |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mrunal-Thakur-new-lead-of-Arjun/articleshow/19145629.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906041327/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Mrunal-Thakur-new-lead-of-Arjun/articleshow/19145629.cms |archive-date=6 September 2019 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2013
| ''[[Arjun (TV series)|Arjun]]''
| Sakshi Anand
|
|-
| 2014–2016
| ''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| Bulbul Arora Khanna
|
|<ref name="Kumkum Bhagyan">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2014 |title=Mrunal Thakur to be a part of Kumkum Bhagya |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/mrunal-thakur-to-be-a-part-of-kumkum-bhagya/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811093923/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/screen/mrunal-thakur-to-be-a-part-of-kumkum-bhagya/ |archive-date=11 August 2019 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
| 2014
| ''Box Cricket League 1''
|Contestant
| Team: Mumbai Warriors
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2016 |title=Box Cricket League Recipe: Bigg Boss brand controversies, soap masala and a pinch of cricket |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bcl-recipe-bigg-boss-brand-controversies-soap-masala-and-a-pinch-of-cricket-312909-2016-03-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220002723/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bcl-recipe-bigg-boss-brand-controversies-soap-masala-and-a-pinch-of-cricket-312909-2016-03-11 |archive-date=20 February 2019 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| 2015
| [[Nach Baliye|''Nach Baliye 7'']]
|Contestant
| 8th place
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2015 |title=Meet the contestants of Nach Baliye 7 |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-contestants-of-nach-baliye-7/20150421.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007192457/http://www.rediff.com/movies/report/meet-the-contestants-of-nach-baliye-7/20150421.htm |archive-date=7 October 2018 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=Rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016
| ''[[Saubhagyalakshmi|Saubhagyalaxmi]]''
| Herself
| Guest appearance
|<ref name="MTSBLX">{{Cite news |date=6 January 2016 |title=On the sets of & TV's Saubhagyalaxmi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/new-hindi-tv-shows-to-look-forward-to-in-2016/Saubhagyalaxmi/articleshow/50468207.cms |access-date=14 September 2019 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tuyul & Mbak Yul Reborn]]''
| Herself
| [[Television in Indonesia|Indonesian]] TV show; Guest appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pemeran Mbak Yul Terungkap, 'Tuyul dan Mbak Yul' Reborn Diprotes Gara-Gara Ini |url=https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00126763.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918082622/https://www.wowkeren.com/berita/tampil/00126763.html |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=WowKeren.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''Nadin''
| Tara
| [[Television in Indonesia|Indonesian]] TV show; Special appearance
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=Now Indonesia to get its own version of Naagin |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/international-shows/story/now-indonesia-to-get-its-own-version-of-naagin-arjit-taneja-mrunal-thakur-lifetv-968527-2017-03-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201012061919/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/international-shows/story/now-indonesia-to-get-its-own-version-of-naagin-arjit-taneja-mrunal-thakur-lifetv-968527-2017-03-30 |archive-date=12 October 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=India Today}}</ref>
|-
| 2023
| ''[[Made in Heaven (TV series)|Made in Heaven 2]]''
| Adhira Arya
| Episode: "Beauty and the Beast"
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2023 |title=Mrunal Thakur, Radhika Apte, Shibani Dandekar among 9 Made in Heaven Season 2 brides |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/amp/entertainment/mrunal-thakur-radhika-apte-shibani-dandekar-among-9-made-in-heaven-season-2-brides/cid/1955673 |access-date=2 August 2023 |work=The Telegraph |language=en}}</ref>
|}

===Music videos===
{| class="wikitable sortable
|+ Mrunal Thakur music video credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Singer(s)
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2020
| "Gallan Goriya"
| [[Dhvani Bhanushali]], Taz
|<ref name="Gallan">{{Cite web |title=Gallan Goriyan Sung By Dhvani Bhanushali And Taz Featuring John Abraham And Mrunal Thakur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-music-video-song-gallan-goriyan-sung-by-dhvani-bhanushali-and-taz-featuring-john-abraham-and-mrunal-thakur/videoshow/76321086.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918044046/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/watch-latest-hindi-music-video-song-gallan-goriyan-sung-by-dhvani-bhanushali-and-taz-featuring-john-abraham-and-mrunal-thakur/videoshow/76321086.cms |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
| "Bad Boy x Bad Girl"
| [[Nikhita Gandhi]], [[Badshah (rapper)|Badshah]]
|<ref name="Bad Boy">{{Cite web |title=Bad Boy x Bad Girl: बादशाह का नया Party सॉन्ग रिलीज, 4 घण्टे में 11 लाख व्यूज... |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/music/badshah-nikhita-gandhi-new-song-bad-boy-x-bad-girl-featuring-mrunal-thakur-released-on-youtube/videoshow/86289613.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042753/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/music/badshah-nikhita-gandhi-new-song-bad-boy-x-bad-girl-featuring-mrunal-thakur-released-on-youtube/videoshow/86289613.cms |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref>
|-
| "Aise Na Chhoro"
| [[Guru Randhawa]]
|<ref name="Aise">{{Cite web |title=New Hindi Hit Music Video - 'Aise Na Chhoro' Sung By Guru Randhawa Featuring Mrunal Thakur {{!}} Hindi Video Songs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-aise-na-chhoro-sung-by-guru-randhawa-featuring-mrunal-thakur/videoshow/87154599.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020081439/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/hindi/check-out-new-hindi-hit-song-music-video-aise-na-chhoro-sung-by-guru-randhawa-featuring-mrunal-thakur/videoshow/87154599.cms |archive-date=20 October 2021 |access-date=20 October 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Awards and nominations received by Mrunal Thakur
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015
| [[Indian Television Academy Awards]]
| [[ITA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| rowspan="3"|''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
| {{won}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Indian Television Academy Awards 2015 Winners: Complete list of winners |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/tv-awards/indian-television-academy-awards/2015/113 |access-date=11 December 2016 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Gold Awards]]
| rowspan="2"|[[Gold Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role|Best Actress in a Supporting Role]]
| {{nom}}
|-
| 2016
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 June 2016 |title=Gold Awards 2016: Arjun Bijlani, Devoleena Bhattacharjee, Mouni Roy win top honours; full list of winners |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/top-stories/story/gold-awards-2016-arjun-bijlani-devoleena-bhattacharjee-mouni-roy-full-list-of-winners-lifetv-13451-2016-06-10 |access-date=25 February 2022 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| ''Bollywood awards''
| ''Emosi Meluap-luap''
| ''Nadin''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Junianto |first=Beno |last2=Nuvola |first2=Gloria |date=4 June 2017 |title=Daftar Pemenang Bollystar Vaganza Awards ANTV |url=https://www.viva.co.id/arsip/922203-daftar-pemenang-bollystar-vaganza-awards-antv |access-date=17 February 2024 |website=viva.co.id |language=id}}</ref>
|-
| 2018
| [[London Indian Film Festival]]
| Best Newcomer Award
| ''[[Love Sonia]]''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=London Indian Film Festival Awards 2018 |url=https://londonindianfilmfestival.co.uk/about-liff/awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603104545/https://londonindianfilmfestival.co.uk/about-liff/awards/ |archive-date=3 June 2020 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=London Indian Film Festival}}</ref>
|-
|2019
| [[Gold Awards]]
| Rising Star From Indian Television to Films
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 October 2019 |title=Gold Awards 2019: Winners list |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/gold-awards-2019-winners-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712220354/https://www.bizasialive.com/gold-awards-2019-winners-list/ |archive-date=12 July 2020 |access-date=23 May 2020 |website=BizAsia}}</ref>
|-
| 2020
| [[Screen Awards]]
| [[Screen Award for Best Female Debut|Most Promising Newcomer – Female]]
| ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2019 |title=Screen Awards 2019 full winners list: Ranveer Singh, Alia Bhatt and Ayushmann Khurrana win big |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/screen-awards-2019-full-winners-list-ranveer-alia-ayushmann-bag-big-trophies-1626610-2019-12-09 |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2021
| rowspan="2"|[[Lokmat Stylish Awards]]
| Most Stylish Rising Star (Female)
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2021 |title=Complete List of Winners : Lokmat Most Stylish Awards 2021 |url=http://lifestyleonthego.com/2021/12/complete-list-of-winners-lokmat-most-stylish-awards-2021/ |access-date=3 December 2021 |website=Lifestyleonthego}}</ref>
|-
| 2022
| Most Stylish Game Changer
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=October 2022 |title=Lokmat Most Stylish Awards Winners: From Abhishek Bachchan, Shraddha Kapoor, Ananya Panday to Genelia and Riteish Deshmukh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/lokmat-most-stylish-awards-winners-from-abhishek-bachchan-shraddha-kapoor-ananya-panday-to-genelia-and-riteish-deshmukh/articleshow/94575882.cms |access-date=4 October 2022 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="6" |2023
| |[[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]
| Diversity in Cinema Award
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 August 2023 |title=IFFM 2023 full winners list: Shah Rukh Khan's Pathaan, Rani Mukerji, Sita Ramam win top honours |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/iffm-2023-full-winners-list-shah-rukh-khan-pathaan-rani-mukerji-sita-ramam-101691758168992.html |access-date=11 August 2023 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[11th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| rowspan="4" |''[[Sita Ramam]]''
|{{nom}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2023: RRR, 777 Charlie win big; Jr NTR, Yash named Best Actors; Sreeleela and Srinidhi Shetty are Best Actresses |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/siima-awards-2023-telugu-kannada-winners-list-jr-ntr-yash-rrr-kantara-8942103/lite/ |access-date=15 September 2023 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|-
|[[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress Critics – Telugu]]
|{{won}}
|-
|[[SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu|Best Female Debut – Telugu]]
|{{won}}
|-
| [[68th Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| {{won}}
|<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 68th Filmfare Awards South (Telugu) 2023 {{!}} Filmfare.com |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-68th-filmfare-awards-south-telugu-2023_-67194.html |access-date=12 July 2024 |website=www.filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| [[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Actress in a Short Film
| ''Jahaan''
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners Of The Filmfare OTT Awards 2023: Full List Out |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/winners-of-the-filmfare-ott-awards-2023-full-list-out-62777.html |access-date=27 November 2023 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |2024
| [[Pinkvilla Screen and Style Icons Awards]]
| Most Stylish Trendsetter of The Year
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pinkvilla Screen & Style Icons Awards: Complete list of winners ft. Mrunal Thakur, Akshay Kumar, Karan Johar and more |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/pinkvilla-screen-and-style-icons-awards-complete-list-of-winners-ft-kiara-advani-akshay-kumar-karan-johar-and-more-1287517%3famp |access-date=19 March 2024 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| rowspan="4" |''[[Hi Nanna]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=69th SOBHA Filmfare Awards South 2024: Here's the complete list of nominees |url=https://www.business-standard.com/amp/entertainment/69th-sobha-filmfare-awards-south-2024-here-s-the-complete-nomination-list-124071700279_1.html |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Business Standard}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[12th South Indian International Movie Awards|South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[SIIMA Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| {{nom}}
|rowspan="2"|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=17 July 2024 |title=SIIMA 2024: 'Dasara', 'Jailer', 'Kantara', '2018' lead the nominations - Check out the details inside |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/south-cinema/siima-2024-dasara-jailer-2018-lead-the-nominations-check-out-the-details-inside |access-date=17 July 2024 |website=Outlook India}}</ref>
|-
| [[SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress Critics – Telugu]]
| {{won}}
|-
|[[IIFA Utsavam]]
|[[IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actress – Telugu|Best Actress – Telugu]]
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=Mrunal Thakur on winning Best Actor for Hi Nanna at IIFA Utsavam: Deeply grateful |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/mrunal-thakur-on-winning-best-actor-for-hi-nanna-at-iifa-utsavam-deeply-grateful-for-this-recognition-2608731-2024-09-30 |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
| [[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| Best Actor in a Web Original Film (Female)
|''[[Pippa (film)|Pippa]]''
| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2024 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2024/vote#165 |access-date=17 October 2024 |website=Filmfare}}</ref>
|}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{IMDb name}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama person|mrunal-thakur}}
* {{Twitter|mrunal0801}}

{{Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}
{{SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}
{{IIFA Utsavam Award for Best Actress – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Debut – Telugu}}
{{Nach Baliye 7}}
{{Indian Television Academy Award Best Supporting Actress}}
{{Indian Television Academy Awards}}
{{SIIMA Award for Best Female Débutante}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search = Category:Mrunal Thakur
|d = yes
|d-search = Q16234243
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 = Bollywood
|portal3 = Films
|portal4 = Television
|portal5 = Music
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakur, Mrunal}}
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Marathi actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Marathi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:People from Dhule]]
[[Category:Actresses from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:IIFA Utsavam winners]]

Panna, Madhya Pradesh

2026-03-13T22:57:55Z

LeonorColangelo: creating pg

{{About|the municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India|its namesake district|Panna District}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Panna
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = City
| image_skyline = SHRI 5 PADMAVATI PURI DHAM, PANNA, MP, INDIA.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Padmavati puri dham, Panna
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.27|N|80.17|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Panna district|Panna]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 411
| population_total = 59,091
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MP- 35
| website = {{URL|https://panna.nic.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-MP]]
| footnotes =
}}

'''Panna''' is a city and a [[municipality]] in [[Panna district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. It is known for its [[diamond]] mines and temples. It is the administrative centre of Panna District.

==History==
Panna was a Bundela Rajput State. It was a [[Gond people|Gond]] settlement until the 13th or 17th century (cite reference), when the Gondi were defeated by the [[Chandela]]s they migrated to other parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Until that date, there were many rulers of the area. The famous mandir of Padmavatipuri Dham, adorned with divine lustre, is located in Panna town at the centre of Vindhyachal in Madhya Pradesh. The itinerant sage [[Pranami Sampraday|Mahamati Prannath]] and his disciples reached Panna with a divine message of awakening one's soul. Seeing a desert island, he decided to unfurl the flag of Jagani there. He helped the king [[Chhatrasal]] and adorned him with the title of Maharaja. He remained there for eleven years, and took samadhi inside the dome. The place, therefore, is known as the seat of salvation [Muktipitha] or Padmavatipuri Dham.

Panna was the capital of [[Maharaja Chhatrasal|Chhatar Sal]], the [[Bundela]] [[Rajput]] leader who led a revolt against the Mughal Empire. Upon his death in 1732, his kingdom was divided among his sons, with one-third of the kingdom going to his ally, the [[Maratha]] [[Peshwa]] [[Baji Rao I]].

The [[Panna State|Kingdom of Panna]] went to Harde Sah, the eldest son of Chhatar Sal Of Bundela Rajput Clan. In the early 19th century, Panna became a [[princely state]] of [[British India]], and gained control states of the states of [[Nagod State|Nagod]] and [[Sohawal State|Sohawal]]. Raja Nirpat Singh assisted the British in the [[Revolt of 1857]], and the British rewarded him with the title [[maharaja]]. Maharaja Mahendra Yadvendra Singh acceded to the [[Government of India]] on 1 January 1950, and the kingdom became [[Panna District]] of the new Indian state of [[Vindhya Pradesh]]. Vindhya Pradesh was merged into [[Madhya Pradesh]] on 1 November 1956.

==Tourism==
Panna has a [[tiger]] reserve which is called [[Panna National Park]]. The sightings of tigers in Panna have fallen over recent years, and official tiger population figures were disputed by naturalists. There were plans to relocate two tigresses to Panna in 2009,<ref name=Times>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=897fa85e-5f56-41ec-a202-23ac52825cce |title=Welcome to nginx |website=www.hindustantimes.com |access-date=3 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103043428/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=897fa85e-5f56-41ec-a202-23ac52825cce |archive-date=3 January 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Chronicle>http://www.centralchronicle.com/20081103/0311303.htm{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> which happened, but the last male tiger meanwhile disappeared.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Govt-orders-probe-into-missing-Panna-tiger/articleshow/4324877.cms |title=Govt orders probe into missing Panna tiger - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023155708/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-03-28/india/28031044_1_panna-tiger-reserve-male-tiger-kanha-national-park |archive-date=23 October 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> A male tiger was relocated there. One of the relocated tigresses gave birth to three cubs in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-09/flora-fauna/28275615_1_translocated-panna-reserve-madhya-pradesh-s-panna |title=Translocated tigress gives birth to three cubs for first time - Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811062846/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-09/flora-fauna/28275615_1_translocated-panna-reserve-madhya-pradesh-s-panna |archive-date=11 August 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The reserve is home to a wide variety of other animals,<ref name=krl>{{cite web |url=http://www.kenriverlodge.com/ib.html |title=Inhabitants |access-date=2009-01-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131233351/http://kenriverlodge.com/ib.html |archive-date=31 January 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> many of which can be seen at closer quarters than in other reserves, because Panna has fewer visitors. There are jungle lodges and hotels near the reserve, it can also be reached from [[Khajuraho]]. Raneh fall, Pandav fall, brahspati kund and lakhanpur rain fall are also sites tourists visit during monsoon. Panna is also famous for its temples. Temples include Shree jugal Kishore ji, pran nath ji, Jagannath swami ji, ram Mandir and Govind dev ji temple.
 {{wide image|A waterfall near Panna Bypass.jpg|300px|Panoramic view of waterfall on Panna Bypass.}}

==Diamond mining==
[[File:Majhgawan Diamond Mines in Panna, MP, India, Asia’s only Diamond mine. Is is a centre of a Volcano that erupted millions of years ago.jpg|thumb|Majhgawan Diamond Mine's Panna]]
A large group of [[diamond]] deposits extends North-East on a branch of the [[Vindhya Range]] for {{convert|240|km|mi|abbr=}} or so, and is known as the Panna group.<ref name = "Geological description layers">See for a more extensive geological explanation: [http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/goodchild-precious-stones/page_118 Goodchild: Precious Stones (1908) Page 113]
{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819063259/http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/goodchild-precious-stones/page_118 |date=19 August 2014 }}</ref> They do not cover an area of more than {{convert|20|acre|m2}}. Great pits, {{convert|25|ft|m}} in diameter and, perhaps, {{convert|30|ft|m}} in depth, are dug for the sake of reaching the diamond conglomerate, which, in many cases, was only a very thin layer.<ref name ="Streeter about India">{{Cite web |url=http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/streeter-precious-stones/page_146 |title=Streeter: Precious Stones and Gems, (1899) on Indian Diamonds |access-date=16 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522080609/http://www.farlang.com/gemstones/streeter-precious-stones/page_146 |archive-date=22 May 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to Valentine Ball, who edited the 1676 'Travels in India' of [[Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]], Tieffenthaler was the first European to visit the mines in 1765 and claimed that the Panna diamonds could not compare in hardness and fire with other locations in India. No really large diamonds have come from this area. The most productive mines were in the 1860s and were found in Sakaria, around {{convert|32|km|mi|abbr=}} from Panna. Four classifications were given to the Panna diamonds: first, Motichul, clear and brilliant; 2nd, Manik, with a faint orange tint; 3rd, Panna, verging in tint towards green; 4th, Bunsput, sepia coloured.<ref name ="Streeter about India"/> Mines is situated in the interior of [[Panna district]]. Diamond mines in Panna are managed under the Diamond Mining Project of [[National Mineral Development Corporation]] (NMDC Ltd), a [[Public sector undertakings in India|Public Sector Undertaking]] (PSU) owned by the Government of India. In other mines the land is leased to prospective miners every year by the government agency. The diamonds unearthed are all collected by the district magistrate of Panna and are auctioned in the month of January. Auctions are open to the public and require a Rs. 5000 deposit. Upwards of 100 diamonds of different carat and shade are offered for auction.

==Panna State==
*[[Maharaja Chhatrasal|Bundela Rajput Raja Chhatrasal]] (4 May 1649 – 20 December 1731)
*Raja Harde Sah (1731–1739)
*Raja Sabha Singh (1739–1752)
*Raja Aman Singh (1752–1758)
*Raja Hindupat Singh (1758–1778)
*Raja Anirudh Singh (1778–1779)
*interregnum (1779–1785)
*Raja Dhokal Singh (1785–1798)
*Raja Kishor Singh (1798–1834)
*Raja Harbans Rai (1834–1849)
*Maharaja Mahendra Nirpat Singh (1849–1870)
*Maharaja Rudra Pratap Singh (1870–1893) born 1848.
*Maharaja Mahendra Lokpal Singh (1893–1898)
*Maharaja Mahendra Madho Singh (1898–1902)
*Maharaja Mahendra Yadvendra Singh (1902-1 January 1950)

==Geography==
Panna is located at {{Coord|24.72|N|80.2|E|}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Panna.html |title=Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Panna |access-date=27 March 2007 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310235937/http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Panna.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 406 metres (1332 ft).

==Climate==
Panna has [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Cwa'') with hot summers, a somewhat cooler monsoon season and cool winters. Heavy rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to September.

{{Weather box|width=auto
| location = Panna (1981–2010, extremes 1970–2007)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 35.0
| Feb record high C = 37.1
| Mar record high C = 40.2
| Apr record high C = 46.8
| May record high C = 46.2
| Jun record high C = 47.0
| Jul record high C = 42.8
| Aug record high C = 38.8
| Sep record high C = 37.6
| Oct record high C = 36.9
| Nov record high C = 34.5
| Dec record high C = 32.0
|year record high C = 47.0
| Jan high C = 23.0
| Feb high C = 25.8
| Mar high C = 31.5
| Apr high C = 37.3
| May high C = 40.8
| Jun high C = 38.5
| Jul high C = 32.3
| Aug high C = 30.4
| Sep high C = 30.6
| Oct high C = 31.0
| Nov high C = 27.8
| Dec high C = 24.1
|year high C = 31.1
| Jan low C = 8.2
| Feb low C = 9.9
| Mar low C = 15.5
| Apr low C = 20.6
| May low C = 25.0
| Jun low C = 24.6
| Jul low C = 21.8
| Aug low C = 20.9
| Sep low C = 20.4
| Oct low C = 17.2
| Nov low C = 12.5
| Dec low C = 9.4
|year low C = 17.1
| Jan record low C = -0.4
| Feb record low C = 2.2
| Mar record low C = 2.2
| Apr record low C = 11.6
| May record low C = 14.3
| Jun record low C = 13.0
| Jul record low C = 13.5
| Aug record low C = 10.0
| Sep record low C = 14.5
| Oct record low C = 9.6
| Nov record low C = 3.3
| Dec record low C = 2.6
|year record low C = -0.4
| rain colour = green
| Jan rain mm = 17.3
| Feb rain mm = 18.2
| Mar rain mm = 13.7
| Apr rain mm = 7.0
| May rain mm = 7.9
| Jun rain mm = 126.5
| Jul rain mm = 358.1
| Aug rain mm = 382.9
| Sep rain mm = 264.8
| Oct rain mm = 33.6
| Nov rain mm = 4.3
| Dec rain mm = 3.7
| year rain mm = 1238.1
| Jan rain days = 1.3
| Feb rain days = 1.4
| Mar rain days = 1.4
| Apr rain days = 1.0
| May rain days = 0.6
| Jun rain days = 6.2
| Jul rain days = 13.4
| Aug rain days = 15.0
| Sep rain days = 9.5
| Oct rain days = 1.7
| Nov rain days = 0.5
| Dec rain days = 0.7
|year rain days = 52.8
| time day = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| Jan humidity = 55
| Feb humidity = 46
| Mar humidity = 36
| Apr humidity = 25
| May humidity = 27
| Jun humidity = 46
| Jul humidity = 73
| Aug humidity = 81
| Sep humidity = 76
| Oct humidity = 59
| Nov humidity = 53
| Dec humidity = 55
|year humidity = 52
|source 1 = [[India Meteorological Department]]<ref name=IMDnormals>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205040301/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/1981-2010%20CLIM%20NORMALS%20%28STATWISE%29.pdf
| title = Station: Panna Climatological Table 1981–2010
| work = Climatological Normals 1981–2010
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = January 2015
| pages = 587–588
| access-date = 6 January 2021}}</ref><ref name=IMDextremes>
{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200205042509/http://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| archive-date = 5 February 2020
| url = https://imdpune.gov.in/library/public/EXTREMES%20OF%20TEMPERATURE%20and%20RAINFALL%20upto%202012.pdf
| title = Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)
| publisher = India Meteorological Department
| date = December 2016
| page = M126
| access-date = 6 January 2021}}</ref>
| date = December 2012}}

==Transport==
[[Panna Airport]] is currently non-operational, the nearest functional airport is [[Khajuraho Airport]]. Nearest rail head is [[Satna]] 75 km away, [[Khajuraho]] 45 km away. Bus service is available to all parts of [[Madhya Pradesh]] and some cities of other states like [[New Delhi]], [[Faridabad]], [[Agra]], [[Kanpur]], [[Jhansi]], [[Gwalior]], [[Nagpur]], [[Allahabad]]. For [[Indore]], [[Gwalior]], [[Jabalpur]] and [[Bhopal]] sleeper/luxury/AC buses are available.

==Demographics==
{{update after|2022}}
As of the [[2011 Census of India]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> In 2011, Panna had population of 59,091. Panna has an average adult literacy rate of 64.79%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 74.14%, and female literacy is 54..44%. In Panna, 16.10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Education==

===Institutes===

===Colleges===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sr. No
!College Name
!Address
!Specialization
!Category
|-
|1
|Chhatrasal Govt P G College,
|Near Bus Stand Panna
|All
|Public
|-
|2
|Govt. Polytechnic College,
|Hospital Road, Panna (M.P.)
|
|Public
|-
|3
|Govt. Girls College Panna
|Bada Bazar Panna
|
|Public
|-
|4
|Maharaja Agrasen Mahavidyalaya
|Janakpur Road Panna, Dist. Panna (M.P.)
|
|Private
|-
|5
|Maharishi Mahvidyalaya
|Janakpur Road Panna, Dist. Panna (M.P.)
|B. Ed
|Private
|-
|6
|S.V.N. College Manour Panna
|Manour NMDC Road, Panna (M.P.)
|B. Ed
|Private
|-
|7
|Swami Vivekanand Mahvidyalaya
|Janakpur, Panna Dist. Panna (MP)
|
|Private
|-
|8
|Madhav Paramedical College
|Jankapur, Panna, Dist. Panna (MP)
|
|Private
|}

=== Schools ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sr. No
!School name
!Medium
!Level
!Category
!Recognised Board
|-
|1
|Kendriya Vidyalaya Panna (Govt.)
|English
|Intermediate
|Public
| rowspan="6" |[[Central Board of Secondary Education|CBSE]]
|-
|2
|Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya (Govt.)
|English
|Intermediate
|Public
|-
|3
|
|-
|4
|D.A.V. Public School, Majhgawan Panna
|English
|Intermediate
|Private
|-
|5
|Maharashi Vidya Mandir, Janakpur

|-
|7
|Maharani Durga Rajya Lakshmi High School, Gandhi Chauk
|Hindi/English
|Intermediate
|Private
| rowspan="7" |[[MPBSE]]
|-
|8
|Govt Excellence School, Indrapuri colony (Govt.)
|Hindi
|Intermediate
|Public
|-
|9
|Saraswati Sishu Mandir, Ajay Garh Chauraha
|Hindi
|
|Private
|-
|10
|Lisieux Anand School, Mohan Nivas
|English
|Intermediate
|Private
|-

|11
|Royal Public Higher Secondary School
|English
|Intermediate
|Private
|-
|12
|Shri Aurobindo Higher Secondary School
|Hindi/English
|Intermediate
|Private
|-
|13
|Mykinderland Public School, Ajaygarh Chauraha
|English
|Middle
|Private
| rowspan="7" |N/A
|-
|14
|Dimond Public School, Near Chitragupta Mandir
|Hindi / English
|Middle
|Private
|-
|15
|Eurokids Pre-International School, Bada Bazar
|English
|Primary
|Private
|-
|16
|Bachpan se Pachpan, Ganesh Market
|English
|Primary
|Private
|-
|17
|Kidzee
|English
|Primary
|Private
|-
|18
|Royal Kids, Near Hospital
|English
|Primary
|Private
|-
|19
|SJS Public School, Purushottampur
|English
|Primary
|Private
|}

==People from Panna==

*[[Rishikesh Pandey]] - music director, rapper and filmmaker in Bollywood.
*[[Faizanuddin]] - former judge of the [[Supreme Court of India]].
*[[Ishtiyak Khan]] - Actor

== See also ==
*[[Panna National Park]]
*[https://www.pannalive.com/ www.pannalive.com/]
*[https://panna.nic.in/en/ District Panna]

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Sagar Division}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Panna, Madhya Pradesh|•]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Panna district]]
[[Category:Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Cities in Bundelkhand]]
[[Category:Diamond mines in India]]
[[Category:Hindu pilgrimage sites in India]]

Ali Sufiyan Afaqi

2026-03-10T09:19:37Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Use Pakistani English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Short description|Pakistani film producer-director, writer (1933–2015)}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Ali Sufiyan Afaqi
| image = Ali Sufiyan Afaqi.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Ali Sufiyan Afaqi
| birth_name = Ali Sufiyan
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1933|08|22}}
| birth_place = [[Sehore district]], [[Bhopal]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2015|01|27|1933|08|22}}
| death_place = [[Lahore]], Pakistan
| other_names =
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|Film producer|Director|Writer}}
| era =
[[1958 Pakistani coup d'état|1958]]
| years_active = 1953 {{endash}} 2015
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| awards = Won 8 [[Nigar Award]]s during his career
}}

'''Ali Sufiyan Afaqi''' (22 August 1933 {{endash}} 27 January 2015; sometimes spelled '''Sufyan Afaqi''') was a Pakistani film producer, director, writer, and journalist. He made his debut in [[Lollywood]] films with his first ever [[Urdu]] film ''Thandi Sarak'' in 1957, and later contributed to other films as a writer and director, however he earned recognition as a film producer.<ref name="BBC News اردو 2015">{{cite web | title=صحافی اور فلم ساز علی سفیان آفاقی انتقال کر گئے | website=BBC News اردو | date=2015-01-28|url=https://www.bbc.com/urdu/entertainment/2015/01/150127_ali_sufian_afaqi_dead_rh | language=ur | access-date=2023-07-22}}</ref> He wrote about twenty-eight books on [[travel documentary]] and biographies, including ''Filmi Alif Laila'', a book on the history of [[Cinema of Pakistan|Pakistani cinema]].<ref name=TNI>{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/831867-revisiting-the-golden-era |title=Revisiting the Golden Era (scroll down to read about Ali Sufiyan Afaqi)|author=Omair Alvi|date=9 May 2021|newspaper=The News International (newspaper)|access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ali Sufiyan Afaqi was born on 22 August 1933 as Ali Sufiyan in [[British Raj|British India]] (in modern-day [[Sehore district]] of [[Bhopal]], India).<ref name="dawn.com"/><ref name="nation.com.pk">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nation.com.pk/28-Jan-2015/ali-sufiyan-afaqi-passes-away|title=Ali Sufiyan Afaqi passes away|date=28 January 2015|newspaper=The Nation (newspaper)|access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref> Following the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, he along with his family migrated to Pakistan and settled in [[Lahore]]. At the time of migration, he was fourteen. In 1951, he obtained a [[Bachelor of Arts|BA]] degree.<ref name="dawn.com" />

In 1951, he worked for an [[insurance]] company, and later joined newspapers where he used to write columns on various subjects. He first joined ''Daily Tasneem'' and [[Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan|Jamaat-e-Islami]]. He also worked at ''Chattan'', a weekly newspaper established by [[Agha Shorish Kashmiri]], and later worked at the [[Nawa-i-waqt]] Group. In later years, he joined ''Daily Afaq'' newspaper where he choose his last name "Afaq" and became known as Ali Sufiyan Afaqi. He wrote first-ever film review in Afaq newspaper and then chose it as a regular job. As an editor, he worked at ''Aqwam'' weekly and as joint editor at ''Daily Aasar''. Following the [[1958 Pakistani coup d'état]], he left journalism and moved to film industry.<ref name="dawn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1159923|title=A.S. Afaqi passes away|date=28 January 2015|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>

== Career ==
He first joined the Urdu cinema as a storywriter and later wrote dialogues for ''Aadmi'' and ''Ayyaz'' films. In 1965, he worked as a producer of ''[[Kaneez (1965 film)|Kaneez]]'' film. Prior to his association as a producer, he first worked in ''Thandi Sarak'' film as a storywriter. As a storywriter, producer and director, he produced Urdu language films such as ''Joker'', ''Aaj Kal'', ''Aasra'' ''Aik Hi Rasta'' and ''Shikwa'' among others.<ref name="dawn.com"/> During a film festival held in Russia by the Tashkent International Film Festival selected his films such as ''[[Aas (film)| Aas]]'', ''Saiqa'' and ''Ajnabi'' and translated them into [[Russian language]].<ref name="dawn.com"/><ref name="nation.com.pk"/>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFFFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that have not yet been released}}
| Remarks denote a short description of the work where available.
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" width=100%
!scope="col" width=2%|#
!scope="col" width=25%| Title
!Year
!scope="col" | Director
!scope="col" | Producer
!scope="col" | Screenwriter
!scope="col" | Notes
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |1||''Thandi Sarak''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1957
||
||
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |2||''[[Kaneez (1965 film)|Kaneez]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1965
||
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|co-producer
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |3||''Aaj Kal''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1959
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |4||''Joker''
!1966
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |5||''Aik Hi Rasta''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1968
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |6||''[[Mera Ghar Meri Jannat]]''
!1968
|
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|co-producer
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |7||''Aasra''
!1969
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |8||''Shikwa''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1963
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |9||''Diwangi''
!1983
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |10||''Aar Par''
!1973
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |11||''Kabhi Alwida Nah Kehna''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1983
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |12||''[[Andaleeb (film)|Andleeb]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1969
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |13||''Merey Hamsafar''
!1972
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |14||''Gumnam''
!1983
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |15||''Bandagi''
!1972
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |16||''[[Kamyabi]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1984
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |17||''[[Saiqa (film)|Saiqa]]''
!1968
|
|
|{{ya}}
|screenplay only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |18||''Play Boy''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1978
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |18||''Miss Colombo''
!1984
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |19||''[[Daman Aur Chingari]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1973
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |20||''[[Devar Bhabi]]''
!1967
|
|
|{{ya}}
|dialogues only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |21||''Dil Aik Aaina''
!1972
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |22||''[[Mohabbat (1972 film)|Mohabbat]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1972
|
|
|{{ya}}
|screenplay only
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |23||''Intizar''
!1974
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |24||''Insaniat''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1976
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |25||''[[Dosti (Pakistani film)|Dosti]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1971
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |26||''Namak Haram''
!1974
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |27||''Beta''
!1994
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |28||''Moamla Garh Barh Hai''
!1996
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |29||''Very Good Duynia Very Bad Log''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1998
|
|
|{{ya}}
|
|-
! scope="row" align="left" |30||''[[Aas (film)| Aas]]''<ref name="dawn.com"/>
!1973
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|{{ya}}
|co-producer
|}

==Awards==
He was the recipient of eight [[Nigar Award]]s, six Graduate Awards and one Musawar Award and one Kartak Award.<ref name="dawn.com"/><ref name="nation.com.pk"/><ref name=ARY/>

== Death ==
He was suffering from [[Complication (medicine)|health complication]]s over the past few years and died in [[Lahore]], Pakistan on 27 January 2015 of [[cancer]].<ref name="dawn.com"/><ref name=ARY>{{Cite web|url=https://arynews.tv/en/renowned-name-film-industry-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-dies-81/|title=Renowned name of Pakistani industry, Ali Sufiyan Afaqi dies at 81|date=28 January 2015|access-date=22 July 2023|website=ARY TV News website}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1160331|title=The missing story|first=Asha’ar|last=Rehman|date=30 January 2015|newspaper=Dawn (newspaper)|access-date=22 July 2023}}</ref>

==Books==

===Autobiographical Works / Travelogues===
* '''''Safarnāmah e Āmarīkā''''' (''سفرنامۂ امریکہ''; ''Travelogue of America'') – A detailed Urdu travelogue chronicling his observations and experiences during travels in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Ali Sufiyan Afaqi: Safarnama America |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/safarnama-america-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Zarā England Tak''''' (''ذرا انگلستان تک''; ''Towards England'') – A reflective travel narrative capturing cultural and social contrasts observed in the UK.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zara England Tak by Ali Sufiyan Afaqi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/zara-england-tak-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Yūrop ka Koh-i-Qāf''''' (''یورپ کا کوہِ قاف''; ''The Mountain of Qaf of Europe'') – A metaphorical and travel-inspired account of his experiences in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |title=Europe ka Koh-i-Qaf |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/europe-ka-koh-e-qaf-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>

===Film-Related Works===
* '''''Filmi Alf Laylā''''' (''فلمی الف لیلیٰ''; ''The Filmic One Thousand and One Nights'') – A three-volume memoir and oral history of the Pakistani film industry.<ref>{{cite news |title=Filmi Alf Laila: The forgotten memoirs of Pakistani cinema |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/821660/filmi-alf-laila-the-forgotten-memoirs-of-pakistani-cinema |work=The Express Tribune |date=13 January 2015 |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Neel Kināre''''' (''نیل کنارے''; ''Banks of the Nile'') – A memoir based on his travel to [[Egypt]] and reflections on cross-cultural film experiences.<ref>{{cite web |title=Neel Kinare by Ali Sufiyan Afaqi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/neel-kinare-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Tilismāt-e Farang''''' (''طلسماتِ فرنگ''; ''Magic of Foreign Lands'') – Observational essays and satirical notes on Western societies and their contrasts with South Asia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tilismat-e-Farang by Ali Sufiyan Afaqi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/tilismat-e-farang-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>

===Biographical and Cultural Sketches===
* '''''Chānd Chehre''''' (''چاند چہرے''; ''Moon-Faced Stars'') – Biographical sketches of legendary South Asian actresses like [[Meena Kumari]] and [[Rekha]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chand Chehray by Ali Sufiyan Afaqi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/chand-chehray-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Millat ka Pāsban: Muhammad Ali Jinnah''''' (''ملت کا پاسبان: محمد علی جناح''; ''The Nation’s Guardian: Muhammad Ali Jinnah'') – A respectful biographical account of Quaid-e-Azam [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Millat Ka Pasban by Ali Sufiyan Afaqi |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/millat-ka-pasban-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
* '''''Khawābon ki Sarzamīn''''' (''خوابوں کی سرزمین''; ''Land of Dreams'') – Essays reflecting on the cultural and artistic fabric of Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Khawabon Ki Sar Zameen |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/khwabon-ki-sar-zameen-ali-sufiyan-afaqi-ebooks |website=Rekhta |language=ur |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{IMDb name|3753561}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Afaqi, Ali Sufiyan}}

[[Category:1933 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Pakistani film producers]]
[[Category:Film directors from Lahore]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Pakistani writers]]
[[Category:Pakistani male journalists]]
[[Category:Muhajir people]]
[[Category:Nigar Award winners]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistani nationalists]]

Do Shikaari

2026-03-03T23:23:48Z

LeonorColangelo: fixes

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Do Shikaari
| image =

| caption =
| director = Kuljit Pal
| producer =
| writer =
| narrator =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Biswajeet]]|[[Vinod Khanna]]|[[Rekha]]|[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]]}}
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1979}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Do Shikaari''''' (Two Hunters) is a 1979 [[Bollywood]] [[film]] directed by Kuljit Pal. The film stars [[Biswajeet]], [[Vinod Khanna]] and [[Rekha]]. Production for the film, originally named '''''Anjana Safar''''', started in 1969, but ran into censorship problems.

==Cast==
*[[Biswajeet]] as Ranjeet
*[[Rekha]] as Sunita
*[[Vinod Khanna]] as Satish
*[[Amjad Khan (actor)|Amjad Khan]] as Zorro
*[[Joginder]] as Joginder
*[[Alka (actress)|Alka]] as Sherry
*[[Padma Khanna]] as Dancer

==Plot==

Seeking the treasure located in Solomon's Mines in the heart of Africa, Zorro (Amjad Khan) abducts and holds Sunita's (Rekha) father as ransom, and forces her to journey to Africa, to find the treasure. She does travel to Africa, and meets with Ranjeet (Biswajeet) and asks him for help to locate her missing brother. Ranjeet agrees to do so, and they commence their travel, little knowing what awaits them in the deep jungle full of wild beasts; hostile tribesmen; a seemingly endless and barren desert; not to speak of treachery and greed of people from their own group.

==Soundtrack==
All songs were composed by Chitragupt.

*"Chand Kyo Jard Hai" – [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
*"Zindagi Ae Zindagi, Humse Mat Kar Dillagi" – [[Deedar Singh Pardesi]]
*"Aa Ja Gori Dil Mein Rakh Len Tujhe" – [[Kishore Kumar]]
*"Ae Dil Meri Jaan Teri Manzil Hai Kahan" – Deedar Singh Pardesi
*"Bahar Bitne Wali Hai" – Deedar Singh Pardesi
*"Honth Ye Mere Aag Se Nahi Kam" – [[Asha Bhosle]]
*"Pagal Hawa Raate Diwani" – Asha Bhosle

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|id=0367661|title=Do Shikaari}}

[[Category:1979 films]]
[[Category:1979 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1979 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chitragupta]]

{{1970s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Karinagam

2026-03-03T21:02:18Z

LeonorColangelo: quick update

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Karinagam
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]
| producer =
| writer = [[Jagathy N. K. Achari]]
| screenplay = Jagathy N. K. Achari
| starring = [[Ratheesh]] [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] [[Balan K. Nair]] [[Bheeman Raghu]]
| music = [[A. T. Ummer]]
| cinematography =
| editing = A. Sukumaran
| studio = Vinod Arts
| distributor = Vinod Arts
| released = {{Film date|1986|6|25|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]
}}

'''''Karinagam''''' is a 1986 [[Cinema of India|Indian]] [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] film, directed by [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]. The film stars [[Ratheesh]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]], [[Balan K. Nair]] and [[Bheeman Raghu]] in the lead roles. The film has a musical score by [[A. T. Ummer]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1896|title=Karinaagam|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=malayalachalachithram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?2811|title=Karinaagam|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/karinagam-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022182942/http://spicyonion.com/title/karinagam-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 October 2014|title=Karinagam|accessdate=2014-10-22|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref>

The [[Malayalam softcore porn film]] features several sex scenes and nudity that were not shown to the [[Central Board of Film Certification|censor board]] which later banned the film.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last=Mini |first=Darshana Sreedhar |date=2016 |title=The Spectral Duration of Malayalam Soft-porn: Disappearance, Desire, and Haunting |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974927616667971 |url-status=live |journal=BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=127–150 |doi=10.1177/0974927616667971 |issn=0974-9276 |s2cid=193768554 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227041329/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0974927616667971 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |access-date=22 September 2023|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==Cast==
*[[Ratheesh]]
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]]
*[[Balan K. Nair]]
*[[Bheeman Raghu]]
*[[Ranipadmini]]
*[[T. G. Ravi]]
*[[Rajkumar Sethupathi|Raj Kumar]]
*[[Jagathy sreekumar]]
*[[Kuthiravattam Pappu]]

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[A. T. Ummer]] and the lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! No. !! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics !! Length (m:ss)
|-
| 1 || "Kulirunnen Meyyaake" || [[K. S. Chithra]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Lajjaalolayayi" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|-
| 3 || "Mohamaakum Naagangal" || K. S. Chithra, [[Krishnachandran]] || Poovachal Khader ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0352487|Karinagam}}

[[Category:1986 films]]
[[Category:1986 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic films]]
[[Category:Pornography in India]]
[[Category:Obscenity controversies in film]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Works subject to expurgation]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Bicchugatti

2026-03-03T12:14:20Z

LeonorColangelo: stub

{{short description|2020 film by Hari Santosh}}
{{No plot|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Bicchugatti
| image = Bicchugatti poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Hari Santhosh]]
| producer = S.P Gnanesh Tejasvi
| screenplay = Om Sai Krishna Productions
| based_on = {{Based on|''Bichhugathi Baramanna Nayaka''|Dr. B. L. Venu}}
| starring = [[Rajavardan]] [[Hariprriya]] [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Hamsalekha]] [[Nakul Abhyankar]]
| cinematography = Guru Prasanth Rai
| editing = Bharath Raj
| studio = Om Sai Krishna Productions
| distributor = Mars Distributors
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2020|02|28}}
| runtime = 141 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Bicchugatti: Chapter 1 − Dalvayi Dange''''' ({{Translation|Sword: Chapter 1 − [[Dalavayi]] Rebellion}}) is a 2020 Indian [[Kannada language]] [[Historical drama|historical-period film]] directed by [[Hari Santhosh]], produced by Om Sai Krishna under his own banner Om Sai Krishna Productions. The film, starring [[Rajavardan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prajavani.net/bicchugatti-bharamanna-nayaka-593412.html|title=ಬಿಚ್ಚುಗತ್ತಿ ಭರಮಣ್ಣ ನಾಯಕನಾಗಿ ರಾಜವರ್ಧನ್|date=2018-12-12|website=Prajavani|language=kn|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> and [[Hariprriya]] is an adaptation of novel ''Bichhugathi Baramanna Nayaka'' by Dr. B.L Venu's, based on the [[Nayakas of Chitradurga|Palegaras of Chitradurga]]. The film also features Kalyanee Raju [[Sparsha Rekha]] and [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] of Bahubali fame in the supporting cast.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/kalakeya-bags-a-biggie-529806|title=Kalakeya bags a biggie|last=Vyas|date=2019-05-16|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/baahubali-fame-prabhakar-in-kannada-epic-film/articleshow/69327391.cms|title=Baahubali fame Prabhakar in Kannada epic film - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> The music for the film is scored by [[Hamsalekha]] and [[Nakul Abhyankar]]. The cinematography is done by Guru Prasanth Raj.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gossip/bicchu-gatti-historical-movie-release-in-telugu-tamil-and-hindi/articleshow/68546500.cms|title=ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ 'ಬಿಚ್ಚುಗತ್ತಿ' ಸಿನಿಮಾ ತೆಲುಗು, ತಮಿಳು ಮತ್ತು ಹಿಂದಿಯಲ್ಲೂ ತೆರೆಗೆ|date=2019-03-25|website=Vijaya Karnataka|language=kn|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref>

The film was released on 28 February 2020. It won [[Karnataka State Film Award for Best Art Direction]] for the year 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/karnataka-state-awards-2020-sanchari-vijay-presented-posthumous-jury-award-3443270|title=Karnataka State Awards 2020: Sanchari Vijay presented posthumous Jury Award|website=DeccanHerald.com|date=12 March 2025}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Rajavardan]] as Brahamanna Nayaka
* [[Hariprriya]] as Siddhambe
* [[Prabhakar (Telugu actor)|Prabhakar]] as Dalawayi Muddanna
* [[Sharath Lohitashwa]] as Obanna Nayaka
* Kalyanee Raju as Mallava
* [[Sparsha Rekha]] as Kanakava Nagathi

== Production ==
The film is produced by Om Sai Krishna. The film had a muhurtha on 10 December 2018 at Rockline Studios. [[Darshan (Kannada actor)|Darshan]] was invited as the guest to launch the film. The movie first had Rajvardhan, who is debuting as a lead actor through this movie, on board. Later, [[Hariprriya]] was on board as the lead actress for the film. [[Hamsalekha]] was on board for scoring the music for the film after a long time. After the launch of the first look, the team got more appreciation seeking this they are planning to release the film in other [[South India]]n languages like [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/rajvardhans-historical-tale-to-see-multilingual-release/articleshow/68760288.cms|title=Rajvardhan's historical tale to see multilingual release - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-06-22}}</ref> The film was wrapped up by 30 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prajavani.net/entertainment/cinema/bicchugatti-cinema-633050.html|title='ಬಿಚ್ಚುಗತ್ತಿ' ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮುಕ್ತಾಯ|date=2019-04-30|website=Prajavani|language=kn|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref> The lead actors had completed their portions of dubbing by 9 September 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/raja-vardan-completes-dubbing-for-bicchugatti-chapter-1/articleshow/71046557.cms|title=Raj Vardhan completes dubbing for Bicchugathii Chapter-1 - Times of India|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-02-01}}</ref>

==Music==
The film's soundtracks were composed by [[Nakul Abhyankar]] and lyrics by [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]. The music rights were acquired by OSK Productions.

{{Track listing
| headline = Tack list
|total_length = 17:11
|extra_column = Singer(s)
|all_lyrics = [[V. Nagendra Prasad]]
|title1 = Dheera Sammohagaara
|extra1 = [[Anuradha Bhat]]
|length1 = 4:06
|title2= Durgada Hebbuli
|length2=3:56
|title3=Thayi Hakki
|length3=4:11
|extra2=[[Nakul Abhyankar]]
|extra3=[[Nakul Abhyankar]]
}}

== Release ==
The film was released on 28 February 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/bicchugatthi-movie-review-only-for-lovers-of-period-films-period/articleshow/74407680.cms|title=Bicchugatthi movie review: Only for lovers of period films.|website=Bangalore Mirror Times|language=en|access-date=2020-03-16}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11681170}}

[[Category:Indian historical action films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:2020 films]]
[[Category:2020 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2020 Indian films]]
[[Category:2020s historical action films]]
[[Category:2020 action films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hari Santhosh]]
[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
[[Category:Films about rebellions]]
[[Category:Films about military personnel]]

Valli (film)

2026-03-03T04:56:58Z

LeonorColangelo: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Valli film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[K. Natraj]]
| writer = [[Rajinikanth]]
| producer = [[Rajinikanth]]
| starring = Rajinikanth [[Priya Raman]] [[Hariraj]] Sanjay
| cinematography = [[Ajayan Vincent]]
| editing = Ganesh Kumar
| music = [[Ilayaraja]]
| studio = Rajini Arts
| released = {{film date|1993|8|20|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Valli''''' is a 1993 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by [[K. Natraj]], written and produced by [[Rajinikanth]], who also stars in extended guest role. It stars [[Priya Raman]], [[Hariraj]] and newcomer Sanjay. The film's music was scored by [[Ilayaraja]]. Rajinikanth scripted the film, wrote the dialogues and appeared in an extended guest role.

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=October 2023}}
Valli returns to her village after studying for 15 years in [[Chennai|Madras]]. Her cousin Velu celebrates her arrival back to the village. He was in love with Valli since childhood days, but she changed after she went to study in the city. She is no more in love with him. She falls in love with a city man called Shekar, who comes to the village with his friends for hunting. Shekar has slept with Valli promising to marry her, but cheats her and he escapes to the city. It is then found out that he is the only son of the [[Chief minister (India)|chief minister]] of the state. Later, after widespread protests, Shekar is brought back by Velu. Instead of marrying Shekar, she kills him for cheating her. She is put in jail for 10 years. Finally when she returns home, she finds her wedding hall ready with pomp and fun for her marriage with Velu. Her marriage is arranged by Veeraiyan and Shiva, who know her terrible past. She thanks them for wholeheartedly helping her.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Rajinikanth]] as Veeraiyan (Extended guest appearance)
* [[Priya Raman]] as Valli
* [[Hariraj]] as Velu
* Sanjay Bhargav as Shekar
* [[Vadivelu]] as Shiva
* [[R. Dilip (Tamil actor)|R. Dilip]]
* [[Alex (actor)|Alex]] as a wrestler<ref name="Valli" />
* [[Pradeep Shakthi]] as the wrestling champion<ref name="Valli" />
*[[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]] as Shekar's father
* Raj Bahadur (cameo appearance)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. J. |date=13 June 2007 |title=Meet the bus driver Rajni worked with |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/13ssraj.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106150541/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/jun/13ssraj.htm |archive-date=6 November 2014 |access-date=6 November 2014 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==

=== Development ===
[[K. Natraj]], [[Rajinikanth]]'s friend from university, who earlier directed ''[[Anbulla Rajinikanth]]'', was approached by Rajinikanth to take part as an assistant director in ''[[Annaamalai]]'', to which Natraj gladly accepted. Then Rajinikanth approached his friends and announced that he would like to make a film for them. The script of ''Valli'' was written by Rajinikanth himself. Rajinikanth revealed that the first thing came to his mind while scripting the film was the climax. He imagined that the girl should kill the boy who destroyed her life, as opposed to the typical cliche of Tamil films where the rape victim is made to marry the rapist, he also revealed that he had completed writing the screenplay within seven days.<ref name="vikatan1993">{{Cite magazine |date=12 September 1993 |title=புரட்சிதான் ஒரே வழி! |url=http://rajinifans.com/interview/vikatan1993.php |url-status=live |magazine=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141229150725/http://rajinifans.com/interview/vikatan1993.php |archive-date=29 December 2014 |access-date=29 December 2014 |via=Rajinifans.com}}</ref>

=== Casting and filming ===
[[Priya Raman]] made her debut as heroine, while [[Hariraj]] and Sanjay were introduced in this film. Rajinikanth was not interested in making a cameo appearance, but with insistence of his friends, he accepted and finished his portions within five days.<ref name="Valli" /> [[Principal photography]] began in April 1993 and ended around June-July that year.<ref>{{Cite news |date=31 December 2015 |title=சூப்பர்ஸ்டார் ரஜினிகாந்த் வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு |language=ta |pages=50 |work=Canada Uthayan |url=http://canadauthayan.ca/oldsite/epaper/Dec31_2015/files/assets/downloads/page0050.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626164048/http://canadauthayan.ca/oldsite/epaper/Dec31_2015/files/assets/downloads/page0050.pdf |archive-date=26 June 2019}}</ref> The film marked the acting debut of magician [[Alex (actor)|Alex]] as actor. [[K. R. Vatsala]] was offered the role of Raman's mother in the film, but she decided to give the role to her friend after she too was interested in the role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/television/thirumathi-selvam-serial-fame-actress-k-r-vatsala-talks-about-her-personal-life|title=`இந்தம்மா நினைச்சா வருவாங்க... நினைச்சா போவாங்கன்னு பேசினாங்க!' - கே ஆர் வத்சலா நேர்காணல்|language=ta|work=[[Ananda Vikatan]]|first=வெ.வித்யா|last=காயத்ரி|date=25 June 2023|access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> The filming was held at Chalakudy, Pollachi and Red Hills. [[Hari (director)|Hari]] was one of the assistant directors in the film.<ref name="Valli">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2013 |title=நண்பர்களுக்கு உதவ ரஜினி எடுத்த படம் வள்ளி: பிரியாராமன் அறிமுகம் |url=http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/07231703/valli-movie-rajini-get-to-help.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141028112843/http://cinema.maalaimalar.com/2013/01/07231703/valli-movie-rajini-get-to-help.html |archive-date=28 October 2014 |access-date=4 January 2014 |website=[[Maalai Malar]] |language=ta}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Ilayaraja]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2017 |title=Valli |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/valli/IIbX,F20i00_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027053000/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/valli/IIbX,F20i00_ |archive-date=27 October 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref> The song "Ennulle Ennulle" remains one of the popular songs from this film.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prasad |first=Arun |date=29 November 2022 |title="வள்ளி" படத்துக்கு மியூசிக் போட்டது கார்த்திக் ராஜாவா? இளையராஜாவா? குழப்பத்தை தீர்த்து வைத்த பிரபல தயாரிப்பாளர்… |url=https://cinereporters.com/valli-music-director-karthik-raja-or-ilaiyaraaja/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320134928/https://cinereporters.com/valli-music-director-karthik-raja-or-ilaiyaraaja/ |archive-date=20 March 2023 |access-date=27 October 2023 |website=CineReporters |language=ta}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:14
| title1 = Ding Dong
| lyrics1 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| extra1 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]], [[Latha Rajinikanth]]
| length1 = 5:03
| title2 = Enna Enna Kanavu
| lyrics2 = Vaali
| extra2 = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| length2 = 5:05
| title3 = Ennulle Ennulle
| lyrics3 = Vaali
| extra3 = [[Swarnalatha]]
| length3 = 6:54
| title4 = Ku Ku Koo
| lyrics4 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| extra4 = Latha Rajinikanth
| length4 = 5:09
| title5 = Santhanam Javathu...Valli Vara
| lyrics5 = Vaali
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. N. Surendar]]
| length5 = 5:03
}}

== Reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "The story has shades of ''[[16 Vayathinile]]'' but has a freshness in its neatly etched screenplay".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=27 August 1993 |title=Rajni arrives with a bang |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A4JlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=840%2C608126 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517064735/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A4JlAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oZ4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=840%2C608126 |archive-date=17 May 2024 |access-date=27 October 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=6 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref> The profits of ''Valli'' were shared by Rajinikanth's friends including director Ravindranath and Kannada film actor [[Ashok (Kannada actor)|Ashok]], who received 10 lakh rupees each.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 1998 |title=Rajnikanth does more than flex his muscles |url=http://cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/17629A30B23F926165256940004C8A8B?OpenDocument |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014050854/http://cscsarchive.org/MediaArchive/art.nsf/(docid)/17629A30B23F926165256940004C8A8B?OpenDocument |archive-date=14 October 2007 |access-date=30 September 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1993 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1993 drama films]]
[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:1993 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. Natraj]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chalakudy]]
[[Category:Films shot in Thrissur]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Perarasu (film)

2026-03-03T04:36:10Z

LeonorColangelo: Updated formatting and improved readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Perarasu
| image = Perarasu film poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Udhayan]]
| writer = Udhayan
| starring = [[Vijayakanth]] [[Debina Bonnerjee]]
| producer = Kaja Mohideen
| music = [[Pravin Mani]]
| cinematography = [[M. V. Panneerselvam]]
| editing = [[Anil Malnad]]
| studio = Roja Combines
| released = {{Film date|2006|09|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 150 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Perarasu''''' ({{translation|Kingdom}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[vigilante film|vigilante]] [[action film]] directed by [[Udhayan]] in his debut. The film stars [[Vijayakanth]] in dual roles, alongside [[Debina Bonnerjee]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Sarath Babu]], [[Anandaraj]] and [[Pandiarajan]]. The music is composed by [[Pravin Mani]]. The film was released on 14 September 2006.

== Plot ==
CBI officer Kasi Viswanathan is entrusted to investigate the mysterious disappearance of Judge Sadhasivam. The Kasi Viswanathan team comprises junior officer DCP Kesavan Nair IPS and a head constable Kandhasamy.

Soon Kasi finds out that a state minister Ilakkiyan is behind all crimes in the city, and he is assisted by three senior cops. Suddenly, one by one, the bad cops are killed, with needle of suspicion resting on Kasi, as a lookalike is behind the murders. It is revealed that it is a revenge killing by Perarasu Pandiyan, Kasi's twin brother, and that Kasi's birth name is Ilavarasu Pandiyan.

We are told in a flashback by the family retainer Maarimuthu that Kasi was the long-lost twin brother of Perarasu Ilavarasu Pandiyan, and their father, the local chieftain Chakkaravarthi Pandiyan, was at one time the kingmaker of [[Panchalankurichi]]. After making Sivapprakasam and Ilakkiyan MLAs, he falls out with them and they murder him. Perarasu, who has seen this murder, now wants to take revenge.

In the end, Perarasu fits a bomb on a chair in a meeting on which Ilakkiyan sits. Kasi, desperate to save Ilakkiyan, goes into the room and prefers to die with Ilakkiyan. Perarasu feeling proud for his brother preferring to give up his life for his duty, saves both of them, but is shot by Ilakkiyan. Kasi then shoots Ilakkiyan, and Perarasu takes the blame before dying. The film ends with Kasi returning to become the next chieftain of his native village.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Vijayakanth]] in a dual role as Ilavarasu Pandiyan (Kasi Viswanathan IPS in CBI) and Perarasu Pandiyan
* [[Debina Bonnerjee]] as Aishwarya
* [[Prakash Raj]] as Ilakkiyan
* [[Sarath Babu]] as Chakkaravarthi Pandiyan
* [[Anandaraj]] as DCP Kesavan Nair IPS
* [[Pandiarajan]] as Kandhasamy
* [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] as Sadhasivam
* [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] as Sivaprakasam
* [[Vagai Chandrasekhar|Chandrasekhar]] as Marimuthu
* [[Riyaz Khan]] as "Vannarapettai" Kabali/ CBI officer Vetriselvan (Fake)
* [[Ajay Rathnam]] as Inspector Azhagappan
* [[O. A. K. Sundar]] as Inspector Shenbagamoorthy
* [[Sampath Raj]] as ACP Chidambaranathan
* [[Chitti Babu (Tamil actor)|Chitti Babu]] as Ilakkiyan's assistant
* [[LIC Narasimhan]] as Shop manager
* [[Ponnambalam (actor)|Ponnambalam]] as Bullet Mani
* [[Mahanadi Shankar]] as Otteri Shankar
* [[Ragasya]] as Jasmine
* [[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Aishwarya's grandmother
* [[T. P. Gajendran]] as Sathyanathan
* Anjali Devi as Sadhasivam's wife
* Srividya as Sadhasivam's daughter
* Sundari as Chidambaranathan's wife
* [[Bava Lakshmanan]] as Constable Ravindran
* [[Muthukaalai]] as Ayyam Perumal
* Vijay Ganesh as Man at the bus station
* [[Kovai Senthil]] as Party member
* Velmurugan as Party member
* Selvakumar as Party member
* Boys Rajan as Bomb disposal technician
* Kandasamy as Elephant owner
* [[Nitish Veera]] as Sudesi's helper
* Sregajesh as Sub-inspector
* [[Ambani Shankar|Shankar]] as Aishwarya's friend
* Venba as Aishwarya's friend
* Kabir as Aishwarya's friend
* Chandrahassan Jayaprakash as young Perarasu Pandiyan<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2006 |title=Chandrahasan acts in 'Vanjagan' with Suman – Sujibala |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/15052006-4.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060826131455/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/15052006-4.shtml |archive-date=26 August 2006 |access-date=25 October 2023 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in December 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-12-16 |title=Vijaykanth- Desperate for a hit? |url=http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13630559 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050122015653/http://sify.com/movies/tamil/fullstory.php?id=13630559 |archive-date=22 January 2005 |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> The filming was held at Chennai, Pollachi and Benaras while a fight scene was shot at AVM Studios.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/06perarasu.asp|date=13 June 2005|access-date=10 August 2024|title=Perarasu|website=Chennai Online|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204101540/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Onlocation/2005/06perarasu.asp|archive-date=4 February 2007}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[Pravin Mani]].{{Cn|date=February 2024}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Cool Baby Cool" || [[Shweta Mohan]], [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]], [[Pravin Mani]], Timmy || 04:32
|-
| "Pondatiya Nee" || [[Manikka Vinayagam]], [[Malathy Lakshman]] || 04:10
|-
| "Unnai Nambi" || Srinivas || 04:16
|-
| "Vaada Vaada" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]]|| 03:45
|-
| "Vaango Naa" || Shweta Mohan || 04:07
|}

== Critical reception ==
Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote, "It' a fast-paced entertainer that at times trips and stumbles with loose ends, flaws, and quite a few unanswered questions. But what keeps it going, with not a moment to dwell on the flaws and get distracted, is its racy narrative. The debutant director (with years of experience apprenticing under directors like Maharajan) keeps the action moving rapidly with not a lagging moment".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=September 26, 2006 |title=Perarasu |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/09perarasu.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224031642/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/09perarasu.asp |archive-date=24 February 2007 |access-date=5 November 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> Shyam Balasubramaniam of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote, "''Perarasu'' is probably worth a watch".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balasubramanian |first=Shyam |date=September 18, 2006 |title=Perarasu is worth a watch |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/18pera.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105054013/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/18pera.htm |archive-date=5 November 2022 |access-date=5 November 2022 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Lajjavathi of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' praised the Vijayakanth film for giving space for other actors too while praising the sharp dialogues but panned the film for having revenge plot as flashback.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=லஜ்ஜாவதி |date=15 October 2006 |title=பேரரசு |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-10-15/page/48/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240405163438/https://archive.org/details/kalki2006-10-15/page/48/mode/2up |archive-date=5 April 2024 |access-date=5 April 2024 |magazine=Kalki |page=48 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2000s vigilante films]]
[[Category:2006 action films]]
[[Category:2006 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Films about twin brothers]]
[[Category:Indian action films]]
[[Category:Indian vigilante films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Twins in Indian films]]

{{Improve categories|date=February 2024}}

Shapur, Vikarabad district

2026-02-27T11:19:03Z

LeonorColangelo: starting new place.

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Shapur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Village]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Telangana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Telangana, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17.486937|N|77.720777|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Telangana]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Vikarabad]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of mandals in Telangana|Mandal]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Marpalle]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 617
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 501202
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08416
| registration_plate = TS-34
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Sangareddy]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank2_info_sec1 = 1:1.005 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Chevella Lok Sabha constituency|Chevella]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Vikarabad Assembly constituency|Vikarabad]]
| blank1_name_sec2 = [[Climate of India|Climate]]
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Climatic regions of India|Normal]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]])
| website = {{URL|telangana.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Shapur''' is a [[Hamlet (place)|hamlet]] village under [[Kalkoda]] [[Gram panchayat]] in [[Marpalle]] [[Mandal (disambiguation)|mandal]], [[Vikarabad district|Vikarabad ]] [[district]], [[Telangana]] [[States and union territories of India|state]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=District Level Mandal wise list of villages in Vikarabad district|url=https://mines.telangana.gov.in/MinesAndGeology/Documents/GO%27s/New%20District%20Gos/Vikarabad.pdf|website=Special Chief Secretary of Revenue Department|publisher=mines.telangana.gov.in|accessdate=12 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220626072308/https://mines.telangana.gov.in/MinesAndGeology/Documents/GO%27s/New%20District%20Gos/Vikarabad.pdf|archivedate=26 June 2022|format=PDF|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==Geography==
Shapur is located at {{Coord|17.486937|N|77.720777|E|}}.<ref>[https://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/02/Marpalli.html Marpalli at Fallingrain.com]</ref> It has an average elevation of 617 metres (2027 ft).

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Vikarabad district}}
[[Category:Villages in Vikarabad district]]
[[Category:Mandal headquarters in Vikarabad district]]

{{Vikarabad-geo-stub}}

Pulagam Chinnarayana

2026-02-22T15:07:42Z

LeonorColangelo: creating data

{{Short description|Indian writer, reporter, critic}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Pulagam Chinnarayana
| image = [[File:Pulagam chinnarayana.jpg|240x240px]]
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Bhimavaram]], [[West Godavari District]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| yearsactive = 2000–present
| spouse =
| website = {{URL|pulagam.in}}
| occupation = {{hlist|Journalist|author|film critic|lyricist|dialogue writer|public relations officer}}
}}

'''Pulagam Chinnarayana''' is an Indian Telugu cinema journalist, film critic, lyricist, screenwriter, and [[public relations officer]].<ref name="Pulagam's interview for ibtimes">{{cite interview |date=19 February 2019 |title=Pulagam Chinnarayana's interview on national-level recognition for Maya Bazar Madhura Smruthulu |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/pulagam-chinnarayanas-interview-national-level-recognition-maya-bazar-madhura-smruthulu-792254 |accessdate=1 September 2019 |publisher=IB Times}}</ref>

He has received multiple accolades, including two [[Nandi Awards]] for [[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema|Best Book on Telugu Cinema]] for his works ''Aanaati Aanavaallu'' (2009) and ''Pasidi Thera'' (2015). He also won the [[Nandi Award for Best Film Critic]] in 2014.<ref name="Pulagam's interview for hansindia">{{cite web |date=13 February 2019 |title=So happy for getting such a rare honor : Pulagam Chinnarayana |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-02-13/So-happy-for-getting-such-a-rare-honor-Pulagam-Chinnarayana/494180 |accessdate=1 September 2019 |publisher=thehansindia.com}}</ref>

== Career ==
===Films===
Chinnarayana has been working as [[public relations officer]], dialogue writer, and lyricist for Telugu cinema. As he was acquainted with [[Puri Jagannadh]] during the film [[Badri (2000 film)|''Badri'']], he worked on the film ''[[Itlu Sravani Subramanyam]]'' as a PRO for the first time. He then worked on ''[[Nuvvu Nenu]]'', directed by [[Teja (director)|Teja]]. He has been the permanent PRO for actors [[Ram Pothineni]] and [[Kartikeya Gummakonda]]. He turned lyricist with [[Yaaruda Mahesh|Mahesh]], starring [[Sundeep Kishan]]. He turned dialogue writer with ''[[Prema Oka Maikam]]'' starring [[Charmy Kaur]]<ref name="Pulagam's interview for ibtimes" /> and has been penning dialogues for ''Yashoda'' starring [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-06|title=Samantha New Movie Titled as Yashoda, Shoot Started|url=http://www.zeecinemalu.com/en/news-gossip/samantha-new-movie-titled-as-yashoda-shoot-started-198028/|access-date=2021-12-15|website=www.zeecinemalu.com|language=en}}</ref>

===Books===
Chinnarayana authored his first book ''Jandhya Marutham'' compiling 39 films directed by [[Jandhyala]]. It has a foreword written by actor [[Chiranjeevi]],<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for ibtimes" /> the first time he wrote foreword for a book.<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for hansindia" /> It was launched at State Art Gallery in [[Hyderabad]] organized by Hasam magazine. Actors Chiranjeevi and [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] attended the function, where the former launched the book.<ref name = "Jandhya Marutham Book Launch">{{cite web|url = http://www.idlebrain.com/news/functions/book-jandhyamarutam.html | title = Book Release: Jandhya Marutam | publisher = idlebrain.com | date = 2 May 2005 | accessdate = 8 September 2019}}</ref>

Chinnarayana then authored ''Aanaati Aanavaallu'' which had a foreword written by director [[Trivikram Srinivas]]. Within a month of release, all the copies of first print were sold out, and the publisher issued it for the second print. He won [[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema]] from [[Andhra Pradesh]] state government for this book, in 2009 and 2016 respectively. His next work ''Cine Poornodayam'' which was based on life of [[Edida Nageswara Rao]], owner of [[Poornodaya Movie Creations|Poornodaya Creations]].<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for hansindia" /> Chinnarayana wrote ''Svarnayuga Sangeetha Darshakulu'', which detailed the work of music directors between 1932 and 1982. It was proofread by singer [[S.P. Balasubrahmanyam]], and music director [[M.M. Keeravani]] wrote the foreword for this book. Later, Chinnarayana came up with ''Pasidi Thera'' which was a compilation of details about 100 films and a sequel to Aanaati Aanavaallu and ''Cinema Venuka Storeelu'' which had background details of films made after 2000. Among them, he won Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema from Andhra Pradesh State Government for Pasidi Thera, in 2016.<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for ibtimes" /> Later, Chinnarayana authored ''Maya Bazar Madhura Smruthulu'', a book on film [[Mayabazar]] by associating with Viswanatha Reddy, son of film's producer [[Nagi Reddy]]. Chinnarayana made a documentary to accompany the book and he got commendation from [[Vice President of India]] [[Venkaiah Naidu]].<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for hansindia" />

Chinnarayana authored ''Vendi Chandamamalu'' along with another writer Vaddi Om Prakash Narayana, focusing on "Venditera Navalalu", the term for novels about Telugu cinema shot between 50s and 70s. This book was released on 2 October 2019 by director [[Vamsy]], and the first copy was received by Ravi Prasad Paadi, a higher level official of [[South Central Railway]].{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

In the year 2021, the first look of his upcoming book ''Jai Vittalacharya'' was launched by [[Krishna (Telugu actor)]] which is based on the cinematic journey of legendary director [[B. Vittalacharya]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-19|title=Superstar Krishna unveils first look of 'Jai Vittalacharya'|url=https://telanganatoday.com/superstar-krishna-unveils-first-look-of-jai-vittalacharya|access-date=2021-12-12|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref> The book was launched officially on 1 October 2023 by director [[Trivikram Srinivas]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/trivikram-jaivittalacharyabook.html | title = Trivikram congratulates Pulagam Chinnarayana for penning 'Janapada Brahma' B. Vittalacharya's authentic history | website = idlebrain.com | language = en-US | url-status = live | access-date = 17 March 2024 | archive-date = 17 March 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240317165444/https://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/trivikram-jaivittalacharyabook.html}}</ref> M. L. Narasimham of ''[[The Hindu]]'' described it as "a comprehensive book on Vittalacharya, his style of making a movie, his journey with his works, and his personality, Jai Vittalacharya comes with rare personal photographs of the veteran director, besides stills from his films."<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-biography-of-director-vittalacharya-gives-comprehensive-insight-into-the-life-and-works-of-the-auteur/article67343812.ece | title = A biography of director Vittalacharya gives comprehensive insight into the life and works of the auteur | newspaper = The Hindu | date = 28 September 2023 | language = en-US | url-status = live | access-date = 17 March 2024 | archive-date = 17 March 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240317171305/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/a-biography-of-director-vittalacharya-gives-comprehensive-insight-into-the-life-and-works-of-the-auteur/article67343812.ece | last1 = Narasimham | first1 = M. L. }}</ref>

In December 2024, Chinnarayana compiled and edited the book ''Master of Suspense: Hitchcock'', along with Ravi Padi.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://tfpc.in/master-of-suspense-hitchcock-book-launched-grandly/ | title = 'Master of Suspense Hitchcock' Book Launched Grandly | date = 20 December 2024 | url-status = live | access-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250308122745/https://tfpc.in/master-of-suspense-hitchcock-book-launched-grandly/}}</ref> This book is a compilation of 60 essays about [[Alfred Hitchcock]], written by several filmmakers, journalists and writers from Telugu film industry.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/telugu-book-master-of-suspense-hitchcock-explores-hitchcocks-films-through-the-eyes-of-telugu-filmmakers/article69049278.ece | website = www.thehindu.com | url-status = live | title = Telugu book 'Master of Suspense: Hitchcock' explores the master's films through the eyes of 45 Telugu filmmakers | date = January 2025 | access-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250308122711/https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/telugu-book-master-of-suspense-hitchcock-explores-hitchcocks-films-through-the-eyes-of-telugu-filmmakers/article69049278.ece | last1 = Murthy | first1 = Neeraja }}</ref> This book was launched in the presence of film personalities like [[Vamsy]], [[Mohana Krishna Indraganti]], [[Harish Shankar]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]] etc.<ref name = "Hitchcock Hans India">{{cite web | url = https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/master-of-suspense-hitchcock-book-launch-celebrates-hitchcocks-legacy-in-indian-cinema-931463 | title = 'Master of Suspense Hitchcock' Book Launch Celebrates Hitchcock's Legacy in Indian Cinema | date = 21 December 2024 | url-status = live | access-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-date = 8 March 2025 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250308123306/https://www.thehansindia.com/news/cities/hyderabad/master-of-suspense-hitchcock-book-launch-celebrates-hitchcocks-legacy-in-indian-cinema-931463}}</ref>

In 2025, Chinnarayana published the book ''Padamati Cinema Parimalam'', a compilation of articles written by twenty-three writers who are affiliated to [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film industry]] through various crafts. The writers include filmmakers like [[Singeetam Srinivasa Rao]], [[Dasari Narayana Rao]], [[Krishna Vamsi]] etc. where they wrote about their emotional connections with various films produced across the world.<ref name = "Padamati Cinema Parimalam">{{cite web | url = https://www.thehansindia.com/life-style/a-telugu-marvels-ode-to-hollywoods-magic-padamati-cinema-parimalam-966170 | title = A Telugu marvels' ode to Hollywood's magic: Padamati Cinema Parimalam | access-date = 19 August 2025}}</ref>

In December 2025, Chinnarayana published the book ''Prapancha Cinema Parimalam'', a compilation of articles written about World Cinema. In its review, [[The Hans India]] wrote "At its core, Prapancha Cinema Parimalam is an ambitious and thoughtful attempt to bring together global cinematic classics and the minds they have inspired. Chinnarayana handpicks 26 landmark films from world cinema". <ref name = "Prapancha Cinema Parimalam">{{cite web | url = https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/pulagam-chinnarayanas-fragrant-journey-through-world-cinema-1036214# | title = Pulagam Chinnarayana’s fragrant journey through world cinema | access-date = 22 February 2026 | archive-date = 22 February 2026 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20260222150107/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/pulagam-chinnarayanas-fragrant-journey-through-world-cinema-1036214}}</ref>

== Publications ==
Chinnarayana authored the following books.<ref name = "Pulagam's interview for ibtimes" />

* ''Jandhya Marutham''
* ''Aanaati Aanavaallu''
* ''Cine Poornodayam''
* ''Swarnayuga Sangeetha Darshakulu''
* ''Pasidi Thera''
* ''Cinema Venuka Storeelu''
* ''Maya Bazar Madhura Smruthulu''
* ''Vendi Chandamamalu<ref name = "Vendi Chandamamalu">{{cite web|url=https://www.cinejosh.com/news-in-telugu/4/47707/director-vamsi-vendi-chadamamalu-book-pulagam-chinnarayana-om-prakash-vaddi-novel.html | title = వెండితెర నవలలపై ఇది ఓ పరిశోధన!: వంశీ |publisher= cinejosh.com | date = 3 October 2019 | accessdate = 12 October 2019}}</ref>''
*''Jai Vittalacharya<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-19|title=Super Star Krishna Releases First Look of 'Jai Vittalacharya' Book Written by Pulagam Chinnarayana|url=https://menglish.sakshi.com/news/editors-picks/super-star-krishna-releases-first-look-jai-vittalacharya-book-written-pulagam|access-date=2021-12-12|website=Sakshi Post|language=en}}</ref>''
* ''Master of Suspense: Hitchcock''<ref name = "Hitchcock Hans India" />
* ''Padamati Cinema Parimalam''<ref name = "Padamati Cinema Parimalam" />
* ''Prapancha Cinema Parimalam''<ref name = "Prapancha Cinema Parimalam" />

=== As lyricist ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! class="unsortable" | Film
! class="unsortable" | Director
! class="unsortable" | Composer
! class="unsortable" | Song name
! class="unsortable" | Ref(s)
|-
| 2013 || [[Yaaruda Mahesh|''Mahesh'']] || R. Madan Kumar || [[Gopi Sundar]] || "Madi Moose" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/madi-moose/Hj9ZWUFCdQI | title = Madi Moose | publisher= jiosaavn.com | date = 13 August 2013 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/mahesh-telugu/ET00015094 | title = Mahesh (Telugu) | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 20 September 2013 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || ''Preminchali''|| [[Susindran]] || [[Yuvan shankar raja]] || Kotha ala ee premaraa... Konte kaala ee premaraa! || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/preminchali-telugu/ET00020517 | title = Preminchali | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 27 February 2014 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2016 || [[Garam (film)|''Garam'']] || [[Madan (film director)|R. R. Madan]] || Agastya || "Rabbaa Rabbaa" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/garam/ET00025481 | title = Garam | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 12 February 2016 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://gaana.com/album/garam | title = Garam | publisher= gaana.com | date = 29 March 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''Manalo Okadu''|| [[R. P. Patnaik]] || [[R. P. Patnaik]] || "Dum Maro Dum" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/dum-maro-dum/JxgTUE1xVWo | title = Dum Maro Dum | publisher = jiosaavn.com | date = 27 August 2016 | accessdate = 12 September 2019 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/manalo-okkadu/ET00048624 | title = Manalo Okadu | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 4 November 2016 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || [[Paisa Vasool (2017 film)|''Paisa Vasool'']] || [[Puri Jagannadh]] || [[Anup Rubens]] || "Padhamari" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/padhamari/RTslRT9qfHs | title = Padhamari | publisher= jiosaavn.com | date = 17 August 2017 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/paisa-vasool-telugu/ET00058405 | title = Paisa Vasool | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 1 September 2017 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3"|2018 || ''Aatagadharaa Siva''|| [[Chandra Siddhartha]] || Vasuki Vaibhav || "Rama Rama Re" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://gaana.com/album/aata-gadha-ra-shiva | title = Aata Gadha Ra Shiva | publisher= gaana.com | date = 15 June 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/aatagadharaa-siva/ET00077277 | title = Aatagadharaa Siva | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 20 July 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ustad Hotel|''Janatha hotel'']] || [[Anwar Rasheed]] || [[Gopi Sundar]] || Chal Chal Kalame, Agena Keratame || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/janatha-hotel/ET00083531 | title = Janatha Hotel | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 14 September 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''Shubhalekha+Lu''|| Sarrath Narwade || [[K. M. Radha Krishnan]] || "Cheppaka Tappadu Antey" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://gaana.com/album/shubhalekhalu-telugu | title = Shubhalekha+lu | publisher= gaana.com | date = 9 August 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/subhalekhalu/ET00089104 | title = Subhalekha+lu | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 7 December 2018 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2019 || ''7''|| [[Nizar Shafi]] || Chaithan Bharadwaj || "Idhivarakepudu" || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://gaana.com/album/7-telugu | title = 7 | publisher= gaana.com | date = 24 April 2019 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/seven/ET00102299 | title = Seven | publisher= in.bookmyshow.com | date = 5 June 2019 | accessdate = 12 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== As dialogue writer ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! class="unsortable" | Film
! class="unsortable" | Cast
! class="unsortable" | Director
! class="unsortable" | Producer
! class="unsortable" | Ref(s)
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Prema Oka Maikam]]'' || [[Charmy Kaur]], Rahul haridas || [[Chandu (film director)|Chandu]] || Venkata Suresh, Srikanth Surya || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/munnar/movies/prema-oka-maikam-telugu/ET00014749I | title = Prema Oka Maikam | publisher= BookMyShow | date = 30 August 2013 | accessdate = 8 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Gulf (film)|Gulf]]''|| Chethan Madineni, [[Dimple Hayathi]] || [[Sunil Kumar Reddy]] || Yakkali Ravindra Babu || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/hyderabad/movies/gulf/ET00063319 | title = Gulf | publisher= BookMyShow | date = 13 October 2016 | accessdate = 8 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || [[Bluff Master (2019 film)|''Bluff Master'']] ||[[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]], [[Nandita Swetha]] || Gopi Ganesh Pattabhi || Ramesh P Pillai || <ref>{{cite web | url = https://in.bookmyshow.com/movies/bluff-master-telugu/ET00081272/ | title = Bluff Master | publisher= BookMyShow | date = 28 December 2018 | accessdate = 8 September 2019}}</ref>
|-
|TBA
|''[[Yashoda (film)|Yashoda]]''
|[[Samantha Ruth Prabhu]]
|Hari and Harish
|[[Sivalenka Krishna Prasad]]
|<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-12-06|title=Samantha's new film 'Yashoda' gets underway|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/samantha-begins-filming-for-yashoda/article37864384.ece|access-date=2021-12-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-06|title=Pulagam Chinnarayana and Dr. C Bhagya Lakshmi are penning the dialogue, while Ramajogayya Sastry is penning the lyrics. The film will complete the shoot by March next year.|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/samantha-thriller-is-titled-yashoda-telugu-news-302537|access-date=2021-12-15|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>
|}

==Awards and recognition==
*2006 [[Santosham Film Awards]] as a Best Journalist and PRO Award (for ''[[Pokiri]]'')
*2007 A.P Cinegoers 36th Annual Film Awards for Best Film Journalist Award.
*2009 [[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema]] (for ''Aanati Aanavaallu'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/nandiawards2009.html|title=Nandi awards 2009 announced|work=idlebrain.com}}</ref>
*2014 [[Nandi Award for Best Film Critic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/nandiawards2014.html|title=Andhra Pradesh state Nandi film awards for the year 2014|work=idlebrain.com}}</ref>
*2016 [[Nandi Award for Best Book on Telugu Cinema]] ( for ''Pasidi Tera'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.moviemanthra.com/english/journalist-pulagam-chinnaryana-grabs-a-nandi-award/ |title=Journalist "Pulagam Chinnarayana" Grabs A Nandi Award |work=Moviemanthra.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/nandiawards2016.html|title=Andhra Pradesh state Nandi film awards for the year 2016|work=idlebrain.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=9477497}}
* {{Facebook|PulagamOfficial |Pulagam Chinnarayana}}
* {{Twitter|PulagamOfficial |Pulagam Chinnarayana}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chinnarayana, Pulagam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu-language lyricists]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian male screenwriters]]
[[Category:1982 births]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Writers from West Godavari district]]
[[Category:Telugu-language journalists]]
[[Category:Journalists from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]

Angus Maddison

2026-02-22T00:05:18Z

LeonorColangelo: small edit

{{Short description|British economist (1926–2010)}}
{{Too few opinions|date=July 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Angus Maddison
| image = 
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1926|12|06}}
| birth_place = [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], England
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2010|04|24|1926|12|06}}
| death_place = [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], France
| fields = [[Economic History]]
| workplaces = [[University of Groningen]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Cambridge]] [[University of Aix-Marseille]]
| academic_advisors =
| notable_students =
| awards =
}}

'''Angus Maddison''' (6 December 1926 – 24 April 2010) was a British [[economist]] specialising in quantitative macro [[economic history]], including the measurement and analysis of economic growth and development.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theworldeconomy.org/reviews/reviews.htm|title = The World Economy by Angus Maddison - book reviews | date=17 September 2006 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/development/angus-maddison-development-lecture-france-2017.htm|title = Development Centre Angus Maddison Lecture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oecd.org/newsroom/oecdsgurriamournsdeathofeconomistangusmaddison.htm|title = OECD's Gurría mourns death of economist Angus Maddison - OECD}}</ref>

Maddison lectured at several universities over the course of his career, including the University of St. Andrews in Scotland and Harvard University. In 1978, Maddison was appointed Historical Professor in the Faculty of Economics at the [[University of Groningen]] (RUG). He retired in 1996 and became Emeritus Professor.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/01/business/01maddison.html |title=Angus Maddison, Economic Historian, Dies at 83 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |first=Catherine |last=Rampell |date=30 April 2010}}</ref>

Maddison is particularly known for documenting economic performance over long periods of time and across major countries in every continent of the world.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/love-affairs-chinese-and-japanese-numbers |title=Love affairs with Chinese & Japanese numbers |work=Centre for Economic Policy Research |first=Harry X. |last=Wu |date=28 July 2010 |access-date=11 July 2025}}</ref>

==Early life and OEEC/OECD==
Born in [[Newcastle-on-Tyne]], England, Maddison was educated at [[Darlington Grammar School]] and subsequently attended [[Selwyn College, Cambridge]], as an undergraduate. After attending [[McGill University]] and [[Johns Hopkins University]] as a graduate student, he decided not to pursue a PhD and returned to the United Kingdom to teach for a year at the [[University of St. Andrews]]. He subsequently got his doctorate in 1978 at the [[Aix-Marseille University|University of Aix-Marseille]] in France.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iariw.org/IN%20Memory%20of%20Angus%20Maddison.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=11 December 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210036/http://www.iariw.org/IN%20Memory%20of%20Angus%20Maddison.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In 1953, Maddison joined the [[Organisation for European Economic Cooperation]] (OEEC), and afterwards became Head of the OEEC Economics Division. In 1963, after the OEEC became the [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD), Maddison became Assistant Director of the Economic Development Department. In 1966–71 he took leave of absence and spent the next 15 years in a series of consulting appointments during which he returned to the OECD for four years.

==Policy adviser and professorship==
[[File:1700 AD through 2008 AD per capita GDP of China Germany India Japan UK USA per Angus Maddison.png|thumb|250px|right|A graph compiled from Angus Maddison's data comparing the GDP per capita of a few major economies since 1700 AD. Since 1700 and after, Western countries were the richest on per capita basis.<ref>All numbers are in inflation adjusted International Geary-Khamis 1990 dollars.</ref>]]
[[File:1 AD to 2003 AD Historical Trends in global distribution of GDP China India Western Europe USA Middle East.png|thumb|250px|The global contribution to world's GDP by major economies from year 1 to 2003 according to Angus Maddison's estimates.<ref>Data table in Maddison A (2007), Contours of the World Economy I-2030AD, Oxford University Press, {{ISBN|978-0199227204}}</ref> Before the 18th century, India and China were the two largest economies by GDP output.]]

In 1969–1971, Maddison worked at the [[Harvard Institute for International Development|Development Advisory Service]] of the Centre for International Affairs. Maddison also held the position of policy advisor for various institutions, including the governments of [[Ghana]] and [[Pakistan]]. In addition, he visited many other countries and often directly advised the government leaders of countries such as Brazil, Guinea, Mongolia, the USSR and Japan. This enabled him to gain insight into factors that determine economic growth and prosperity.

In 1978, Maddison was appointed historical Professor at the [[University of Groningen]]. Maddison was a pioneer in the field of the construction of national accounts, where a country's accounts are calculated back in periods of several decades all the way to the year 1. To this end he combined modern research techniques with his own extensive knowledge of [[economic history]] and in particular countries' performances in the field of [[GDP per capita]]. His work resulted in a deep new understanding of the reasons why some countries have become rich whereas others have remained poor (or have succumbed to poverty). In this field, Maddison was regarded as the world's most prominent scholar.{{citation needed|date=August 2010}} Maddison's GDP reconstructions have been criticized.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nofuturepast.wordpress.com/2019/05/27/on-the-discrepancies-between-the-original-maddison-dataset-and-more-recent-gdp-reconstructions/|title=On the discrepancies between the original Maddison dataset and more recent GDP reconstructions|last=npalma|date=2019-05-27|website=Economic Growth in History|language=en|access-date=2019-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bassino|first1=Jean-Pascal|last2=Eng|first2=Pierre van der|title=Asia's 'little divergence' in the twentieth century: evidence from PPP-based direct estimates of GDP per capita, 1913–69|journal=The Economic History Review|language=en|doi=10.1111/ehr.12880|issn=1468-0289|year=2019|volume=73|pages=185–208|doi-access=}}</ref>

In the past two decades, Maddison mainly focussed on the construction of data and analysis further back in time. For example, he published an authoritative study on economic growth in China over the past twenty centuries. This study has strongly boosted the historical debate about the strengths and weaknesses of Europe and China as two of the world's leading economic forces. His estimates regarding the per capita income in the [[Roman Empire]] followed up the pioneering work of [[Keith Hopkins]] and [[Raymond W. Goldsmith]].<ref>{{cite journal |author-link=Walter Scheidel |last1=Scheidel |first1=Walter |last2=Friesen |first2=Steven J. |title=The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire |journal=[[The Journal of Roman Studies]] |volume=99 |year=2009 |pages=61–91 [p. 64–72] |jstor=40599740 |doi=10.3815/007543509789745223|s2cid=202968244 |doi-access=free }}</ref> He was also author of many works of historical economic analysis, including ''[[The World Economy: Historical Statistics]]'' and several other reference books on the same topic.

==Awards, death, and legacy==
Until the end of his life, Maddison lived in [[Chevincourt]], near [[Thourotte]] (France), but maintained strong connections with the University of Groningen. He was the joint founder and intellectual leader of the Groningen Growth and Development Centre,<ref>link:[http://www.ggdc.net/ ggdc.net]</ref> a research group within the Faculty of Economics in Groningen that focuses on long-term economic growth. The databases maintained by Maddison and his former colleagues, which now include virtually every country in the world, form one of the most important sources for the analysis of long-term economic growth and are used throughout the world by academics and policy analysts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rug.nl/Corporate/nieuws/maddison|title = University of Groningen - Top 100 University|date = 16 June 2017}}</ref>

Maddison received a royal decoration as Commander in the Netherlands [[Order of Orange Nassau]] as he turned 80,<ref>[http://www.rug.nl/Corporate/nieuws/maddison 113a – Royal Decoration for Angus Maddison]</ref> and in October 2007 Maddison received an [[honorary doctorate]] at [[Hitotsubashi University]], Japan.

Maddison died on Saturday, 24 April 2010, at the [[American Hospital of Paris]] in [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], France.<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3343,fr_2649_34487_45069206_1_1_1_1,00.html Le Secrétaire général de l'OCDE déplore la mort de l'économiste Angus Maddison], OECD, 26 April 2010 (French)</ref> After his death Maddison's exhaustive work quantifying global economic history has been praised as pioneering and important.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voxeu.org/article/memory-angus-maddison-1926-2010|title=Love affairs with Chinese and Japanese numbers|last=Wu|first=Harry|date=2010-07-28|website=VoxEU.org|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2010/04/29/maddison-counting|title=Maddison counting|newspaper=The Economist|date=29 April 2010|language=en|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/01/business/01maddison.html|title=Angus Maddison, Economic Historian, Dies at 83|last=Rampell|first=Catherine|date=2010-05-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-03-23|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Paul Bairoch]]
*[[List of regions by past GDP (PPP) per capita]]
*[[List of regions by past GDP (PPP)]]
*[[Maddison Project]], a project started in March 2010 to continue the work of Maddison on historical economic statistics after his death

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ggdc.net/Maddison/ Maddison Project]
*[http://www.ggdc.net/Maddison/content.shtml List of works] with some links.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130127004335/http://www.chinability.com/Chinese%20Economic%20Performance%20in%20the%20Long%20Run.pdf Chinese Economic Performance in the Long Run (2007) ] Second edition, revised and updated, 960–2030 AD.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070821055717/http://kosal.us/eminentscientists/Economics/index.htm Short biography]
*[http://www.ggdc.net/Maddison/Personal/Autobiog1994.pdf Autobiography (1994)]
*[http://www.theworldeconomy.org The World Economy dedicated website]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Maddison, Angus}}
[[Category:1926 births]]
[[Category:2010 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of Selwyn College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
[[Category:Fellows of Selwyn College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Groningen]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Orange-Nassau]]
[[Category:21st-century British economists]]
[[Category:People from Newcastle upon Tyne]]
[[Category:20th-century British economists]]

Architecture of Delhi

2026-02-18T09:29:38Z

LeonorColangelo: details

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2024}}
The '''architecture of Delhi''' dates back more than a thousand years. As the capital of several empires of India, including the [[Rajput kingdoms|Rajput kingdom]], [[Delhi Sultanate]], [[Mughal Empire]], and [[British Raj]], the city of Delhi has been a centre for art and architecture.

== Rajput Kingdom ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Agrasen ki Baoli 3.jpg|[[Agrasen ki Baoli]]
File:Outer Wall of Lal kot and Rai Pithora.jpg|[[Qila Rai Pithora]]
</gallery>The few surviving structures from before the [[Delhi Sultanate]] period include [[Agrasen ki Baoli]], [[Surajkund]] reservoir, [[Lal Kot]] and [[Qila Rai Pithora]]. There were several temples built during this period, remnants of which are still present in [[Qutb Minar complex|Qutb complex]]. These were built by the Tomaras and Chahamans (Chauhans) Rajput dynasties.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=Tomars of Delhi: Rajput Clans of India |url=https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/tomars-of-delhi/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=GeeksforGeeks |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomara dynasty {{!}} Tomara Dynasty, Delhi, Rajputs {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tomara-dynasty |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chauhans Of Delhi And Ajmer |url=https://unacademy.com/content/railway-exam/study-material/history/chauhans-of-delhi-and-ajmer/ |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=Unacademy |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-29 |title=Prithviraja III {{!}} Rajput Chauhan King & Indian History {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Prithviraja-III |access-date=2024-12-06 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Delhi Sultanate ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Qminar.jpg|The [[Qutub Minar]] is the world's tallest brick [[minaret]] at 72.5 metres, built by [[Qutb-ud-din Aibak]] of the [[Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)|Slave dynasty]] in 1192 CE.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233/|title=Qutb Minar and its Monuments, Delhi|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427184323/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/233/|archive-date=2019-04-27|url-status=live|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>
File:Alauddin's Madrasa, Qutb complex.jpg|[[Alauddin Khilji]]'s ''madrasa'' and Tomb in the [[Qutb complex]].
File:Tomb of Ghayasuddin Tughluq - Delhi.jpg|Tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughluq within the [[Tughlaqabad Fort]].
File:Jahaz Mahal on the bank of Hauz-i-Shamsi.jpg|[[Jahaz Mahal]] is built during the Lodi dynasty period (1452–1526) as a pleasure resort.
File:Shish Gumbad in Lodhi garden 12.jpg|[[Shish Gumbad]] in Lodhi garden, New Delhi
</gallery>The [[Delhi Sultanate]] ruled the city between 1206 and 1526. Their rule saw the development of early [[Indo-Islamic architecture]], the most prominent being the [[Qutb Minar complex]], a group of monuments surrounding the [[Qutb Minar]]. This period also saw building of many forts and cities like [[Siri Fort]], [[Tughlaqabad Fort|Tughlaqabad]] and [[Feroz Shah Kotla]]. Many tombs were built around this period which are still present in many locations like Qutb Minar complex, [[Hauz Khas Complex]] and [[Lodi Gardens]].

== Mughal Empire ==
{{Further|Mughal Architecture}}<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Red Fort in Delhi 03-2016 img3.jpg|The [[Red Fort]] was commissioned by Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] in the 17th century, it was the main residence of the [[List of Mughal emperors|Mughal emperors]] for nearly 200 years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/231/|title=Red Fort Complex|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402215128/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/231/|archive-date=2019-04-02|url-status=live|access-date=2019-04-27}}</ref>
File:RedFort DiwanIAm Inside.JPG|[[Diwan-i-Am (Red Fort)]]
File:Humayuntomb.JPG|[[Humayun's Tomb]] is considered a predecessor to the [[Taj Mahal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232/|title=Humayun's Tomb, Delhi|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063329/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/232|archive-date=2018-07-04|url-status=live|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>
File:Jama Masjid - In the Noon.jpg|The [[Jama Masjid]] is one of the largest mosques in India.
File:Tomb of Safdarjung.jpg|[[Safdarjung's Tomb]] was built in 1754 in the [[Mughal architecture|late Mughal architectural style]] for Nawab [[Safdarjung]].
</gallery>[[Mughal architecture|Mughal Architecture]] emerged as a form of [[Indo-Islamic architecture|Indo-Islamic]] architecture during the rule of the [[Mughal Empire]]. Mughal architecture is characterized by large bulbous [[onion dome]]s, the use of white marble and red sandstone, delicate ornamentation work, and large buildings surrounded by [[Charbagh|gardens on all four sides]].

The [[Humayun's Tomb]] is the first notable example of Mughal architecture in Delhi. Except for a few architectures like Humayun's Tomb and [[Purana Qila]], most of the architectural work of this period was done in [[Shah Jahan]]'s time or later. This period also saw building of 18th century Astronomical Observatory called [[Jantar Mantar, New Delhi|Jantar Mantar]].

Another important achievement of this period was building of [[Mughal gardens]]. Its design was inspired by Persian Char Bagh Gardens. Some gardens built during Mughal period are garden built in front of Humayun's Tomb, [[Roshanara Bagh]], [[Qudsia Bagh]] and Garden built in [[Tomb of Safdar Jang|Safdarjang's tomb]] complex.

== British Colonial period ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:St. James Church 9.jpg|[[St. James' Church, Delhi|St. James' Church]] was designed in the [[Renaissance Revival architecture|Renaissance Revival]] style and completed in 1836. It is situated on a [[Cruciform#Cruciform Plan|cruciform plan]] and consists of [[Neoclassical architecture|neoclassical]] style [[portico]]es, with a [[Baroque architecture|baroque]] dome in the center.
File:India Gate in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|The [[India Gate]] is a [[triumphal arch]] and war memorial in the middle of New Delhi. It was designed by [[Edwin Lutyens]] and completed in 1921.
File:New Delhi government block 03-2016 img6.jpg|alt=The Secreatariat Building was designed by Herbert Baker and completed in 1927.|The [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Secretariat Building]] was designed by [[Herbert Baker]] and completed in 1927.
File:Rashtrapati Bhavan flank perspective1.jpg|The [[Rashtrapati Bhavan|Rashtrapati Bhawan]] was the residence of the [[Governor-General of India|British Viceroy]], and now serves as the residence of the [[President of India]]. It was designed by [[Edwin Lutyens]] and completed in 1929.
File:Connaught Place New Delhi.jpg|[[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]] was designed in the [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] style by [[Robert Tor Russell]], and completed in 1933.
</gallery>After Delhi was declared the site for a new capital of India, [[George V]] laid the foundation of [[New Delhi]], which would serve as the capital. The British invited [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]] to design the government buildings. This area would also be called [[Lutyens' Delhi]] in honor of the architect. Members of Lutyens' team of architects included [[Walter Sykes George]], [[Arthur Shoosmith|Arthur Gordon Shoosmith]] and [[Henry Medd]]. It is reported that Lutyens was reluctant to incorporate Indian features in his style, but later conceded.

== Post-Independence ==
<gallery widths="150" heights="150" class="center">
File:Supreme Court of India, inside buildings 01 (cropped).jpg|The [[Supreme Court of India]] was designed by [[Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar|Ganesh Bhikaji Deoalikar]] and completed in 1958. Its style was inspired by the [[Edwin Lutyens|Lutyens]]-[[Herbert Baker|Baker]] buildings.

File:Pragati Maidan, Hall 6.JPG|The [[Hall of Nations]], designed by [[Raj Rewal]] and completed in 1972 was regarded as one of the best examples of [[Modern architecture|modernist architecture]] in India. It was demolished in 2017, despite several protests.

File:New Delhi Municipal council building, Connaught Place.jpg|The [[New Delhi Municipal Council]] Building was designed in the [[Brutalist architecture|brutalist]] style by Kuldip Singh, and completed in 1984.

File:IMG 20170901 134047 - Copy - Copy.jpg|The [[Lotus Temple]] was designed by [[Fariborz Sahba|Faribohrz Sahba]] and completed in 1986. Its design was inspired by the shape of a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]].<ref name="lotustempleunesco">{{cite web|author=Permanent Delegation of the Government of India to UNESCO|title=Bahá'í House of Worship at New Delhi|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5921/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826220742/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5921/|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|archive-date=26 August 2016|access-date=2019-05-02}}</ref>
</gallery>The [[Supreme Court of India]] was designed by [[Ganesh Bhikaji Deolalikar]] in the same style as that of the other major buildings in [[Lutyens' Delhi]]. However, modernist architecture became prevalent in Delhi as well as all over India, especially after the influence of [[Le Corbusier]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mukerji|first1=Arjun|last2=Sanghamitra|first2=Basu|title=A Search for Post-Modernism in Indian Architecture|url=https://www.academia.edu/8859069|journal=Abacus|language=en|access-date=2019-02-27}}</ref>

After Independence, the best examples of modern architecture in Delhi include [[Indian Institute of Technology Delhi|IIT Delhi]] (1961) by [[Jugal Kishore Choudhury|Jugal Kishore Chodhury]], [[Pragati Maidan|Hall of Nations]] (1972) and [[Asian Games Village (New Delhi)|Asian Games Village]] (1982) by [[Raj Rewal]], [[Palika Kendra]] building (1984) by [[Kuldip Singh (architect)|Kuldip Singh]], and [[Lotus Temple]] (1986) by [[Fariborz Sahba|Fariborhz Sahba]].

In 2017, the demolition of the [[Pragati Maidan|Hall of Nations]] received worldwide condemnation from architectural enthusiasts. It was considered to be one of the best examples of [[Modern architecture|modernist]] architecture in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.archdaily.com/874154/the-demolition-of-delhis-hall-of-nations-reveals-indias-broken-attitude-to-architectural-heritage|title=The Demolition of Delhi's Hall of Nations Reveals India's Broken Attitude to Architectural Heritage|last=Langar|first=Suneet Zishan|date=2017-06-23|website=ArchDaily|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-23}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{Architecture of India}}

[[Category:Delhi]]
[[Category:Architecture in India by city|Delhi]]

Phulrenu Guha

2026-02-12T01:23:59Z

LeonorColangelo: quick correct structure to improve readability also and improved wording

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Bhushan|PB]]
| name = Phulrenu Guha
| native_name = ফুলরেণু গুহ
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Phulrenu_Guha_in_Paris,_1937.jpg
|caption = Phulrenu Guha in Paris, 1937
| office = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
|term_start = 1984
|term_end = 1989
|predecessor = [[Sudhir Kumar Giri]]
|successor = [[Sudhir Kumar Giri]]
| constituency = [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Contai]], [[West Bengal]]
| office1 = Union Minister of State for Ministry of Social Welfare
| term_start1 = 1967
| term_end1 = 1969
| office2 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Rajya Sabha]]
|term_start2 = 1964
|term_end2 = 1970
| constituency2 = [[West Bengal]]
|birth_name = Phulrenu Dutta
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|8|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Calcutta]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|2006|7|28|1912|8|13|df=y}}
|death_place = [[ Calcutta]], [[India]]
| nationality = [[India]]n
| spouse = Dr. [[Biresh Chandra Guha]]
| relatives = Sreyash Sarkar, [[Sumitra Guha]], [[Uma Bose]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
|otherparty= Jugantar Revolutionary Party
| residence = [[Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]]
|constituency3=
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]([[Master of Arts|M.A.]]), [[University of Paris]]([[Ph.D]])
| website =
| footnotes =
| module = {{infobox writer
| embed = yes
| notable_works = Women and Society (collection of essays)
}}
|source =https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3031.htm

| module2 = {{Listen|pos=center| embed=yes |filename =LL-Q9610 (ben)-Titodutta-ফুলরেণু গুহ.wav|title = Pronunciation |type = speech}}
}}
''' Dr Phulrenu [[Guha (surname)|Guha]]''' (née [[Dutta]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]]:ফুলরেণু গুহ; born 13 August 1911) was an Indian activist, educationist and politician, belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. She was a member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] the Upper house of Indian Parliament from April 1964 to April 1970 from [[West Bengal]]. She was the Minister for Social Welfare in the [[Indira Gandhi]] Ministry from 1967 to 1969. She was elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] the Lower house of Indian Parliament from [[Contai (Lok Sabha constituency)|Contai constituency]], [[West Bengal]] in 1984. She was awarded the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1977.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/pre_member/1952_2003/g.pdf | title=Rajya Sabha Bio Profile | publisher=Rajya Sabha | access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/India.htm | title=Republic of India/ Bharat Women | publisher=www.guide2womenleaders.com | access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.streeshakti.com/bookP.aspx?author=12 | title=PHULRENU GUHA (1911–2006) | publisher=www.streeshakti.com | access-date=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=650 | title=Padma Bhushan Awardees | publisher=archive.india.gov.in | access-date=4 August 2014 | archive-date=8 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808062153/http://archive.india.gov.in/myindia/padmabhushan_awards_list1.php?start=650 | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="ForbesForbes1999">{{cite book|author1=Geraldine Forbes|author2=Geraldine Hancock Forbes|title=Women in Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hjilIrVt9hUC&pg=PA227|access-date=19 April 2018|date=28 April 1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-65377-0|pages=227–}}</ref><ref name="Gupta2005">{{cite book|author=Ashoka Gupta|title=Gupta Ashoka: In the Path of Service: A memoir of a Social Worker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz3eKF7NdlAC&pg=PA212|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2005|publisher=Popular Prakashan|isbn=978-81-85604-56-5|pages=212–}}</ref><ref name="Bakshi2007">{{cite book|author=S R Bakshi|title=Encyclopaedia Of Eminent Women Of India (In 3 Volumes)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KrsTAQAAIAAJ|access-date=19 April 2018|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Vista International Publishing House|isbn=978-81-89652-82-1|page=224}}</ref><ref name="Sabha2006">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha|title=Parliamentary Debates: Official Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGFMAQAAIAAJ|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher=Council of States Secretariat|page=1}}</ref>

==Early years in Bengal==
Guha was born on 13 August 1911 in [[Calcutta]] to Deputy Magistrate Surendranath Dutta and social activist Abalabala Dutta. Having been nurtured in a progressive family, she inherited the legacy of social service and standing up for justice, from her parents. Guha writes in her memoirs,'' Elo Melo Mone Elo'', that her father had decided to resign from service protesting against the government's decision to partition Bengal when [[Ashwini Kumar Dutta]], a revered social reformer in [[Barisal]] finally persuaded him not to do so.<ref name="Life">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref> Nevertheless, this defiant nature of his, made him unlikeable amongst various British government officials and the outcome was that he needed to acknowledge troublesome postings for many occasions.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}} Her mother Abalabala too, had a noteworthy impact on Guha, in moulding her by instilling a zeal of patriotism and myriad sensibilities in her.

Guha studied in Gokhale Memorial Girls’ School and Brahmo Girls’ School at Calcutta for a few years, but passed her matriculation exam from a school in [[Assam]].<ref name="Life 1">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref> Following that, she passed her B.A from Brajomohan College in Barisal and subsequently her M.A in Bengali Literature and philosophy from [[Calcutta University]] under the mentorship of [[Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan]].<ref name="Life 2">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref>

Her years in Barishal drew her towards the Yugantar Party, committed to nationalism and after having joined the Party, she twice went underground. This is where she met her future husband, Dr.[[ Biresh Chandra Guha]], who had joined the Jugantar Party even younger, and who had completed his M.Sc. in organic chemistry in 1925 and begun working under the famed chemist-entrepreneur [[Prafulla Chandra Ray]]. Afterwards, deeply worried about her growing tendency towards active engagement in politics, her parents sent her to the [[School of Oriental Studies]], London for graduate studies in political science.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}<ref name="Life 3">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref>

==Life abroad==
While in London, Guha did not lose touch from the socio-political landscape in India and kept herself updated by regularly visiting Gower Street which housed letters and newspapers arriving from India.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}} From London, she attended the Prague Conference of the Federation of Indian and Ceylonese students, having taken a keen interest in [[Communism]] and met [[Benjamin Francis Bradley]], the then Communist leader of Great Britain.<ref name="Life 4">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref> In 1928, while Biresh left for England, Guha joined the Sorbonne in Paris. Biresh was working with Sir [[Jack Drummond]] and Sir [[Frederick Gowland Hopkins]] in London and Cambridge and helping to discover vitamins.

After a year in London, Guha left for Paris, as according to her, the climate of London did not suit her. In Paris, she became a member of the executive committee of the Indian Students Association and completed her PhD from the [[University of Paris|Sorbonne]]. Her thesis titled, 'La société bengalie au XVIe siècle', completed at [[Université de Paris]], Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines, is preserved at the rare books section within the research library wing of the [[François Mitterrand]] site of [[Bibliothèque Nationale de France]]. {{Sfn|Datta|1938|pp=1-116}}<ref name="Life 28">{{cite book|first= Phulrenu |last=Datta|title=La société bengalie au XVIe siècle|url=https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb31996202m|access-date=19 April 2025|year=1938|publisher= Editions littéraires de France|page=116}}</ref>

She arrived in Calcutta in June 1938 and was reported to have brought Rs.3000 from the Communist Party of Great Britain for the Communists working in India.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}<ref name="Life 5">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref>

==Social welfare, activism and foray into politics==
Having arrived in Calcutta, India, Guha took to teaching in a women's college and took up a variety of projects including working for illiteracy eradication classes in the Khidderpore dock area, where close contact and a view into the lives of prostitutes, proved to be fruitful for her for setting up her organisation for destitute women, later on.<ref name="Life 6">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref> Initially a non-believer in Gandhian philosophy, she was drawn to Gandhi's ideas of non-violence, while working for the anti-war movement during the Second World War and this belief prompted her to join the [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name="Life 7">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref>

Speaking of her political ideologies, the scholar S. Gooptu argued:
{{blockquote|She [Phulrenu] was never constricted by indoctrination to a particular strand of politics in her initial years. She could follow an ideology because she believed in it, could pursue it sincerely and also reject it and change to another when it failed to satisfy her.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}}}
By early 1940s, the Guhas were gotten up to speed in the [[Non-Cooperation Movement]], and Biresh was imprisoned, leaving Guha, resolute, to battle alone. She was a piece of the push to assuage the upset during the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal Famine]] in 1941–43 and she additionally endeavoured to reestablish shared congruity at Noakhali.<ref name="Life 7"/>

From 1943 to 1944, she was Secretary of the Women's Section of the Azad Hind Relief Committee. Like fellow activist [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]], she comprehended that the primary need after Partition must be the recovery and aid of the dislodged, particularly women and kids. After Independence, Guha devoted herself completely to nation-building.

She served different State and Central Government associations in various limits. She was Chairperson of the Task Force on Child Welfare Committee of [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]], Government of India, from 1971 to 1972 and of the Committee on Status of Women in India from 1972 to 1975. She was likewise leader of the Indian Council of Child Welfare from 1970 to 1973.She was a Member of the Lok Sabha from 1964 to 1970.<ref name="Life 8">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref> She filled in as Minister of State for Social Welfare from March 1967 to February 1969 and Law from February 1969 to June 1970.

In 1977, she was awarded India's third-highest civilian award, the [[Padma Bhushan]].

== Contribution to women empowerment ==
Guha's undertaking to make women financially independent through learning handiwork aptitudes proved to be fruitful when she established ''Karma Kutir'', an art and crafts organisation in [[Kolkata]]. About its beginning, Guha reviewed:
{{blockquote|Probably in 1960, [[Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay]] became the Chairperson of the All India Handicraft Board. One day, I told her that just like the handicraft training centres in Bombay and Hyderabad, why can’t we have a centre in Eastern India with the help of Handicraft Board. Almost as if to throw a challenge to me she said, “Yes, it can certainly come up in Calcutta, if you take responsibility.” As a result, a big responsibility came upon me.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}}}
Apart from Phulrenu other founder members were Pratibha Bose, Sudha Sen, Swarnarenu Ghosh, Panna Ray, Hena Sarkar and Amita Das.
Phulrenu recalled that when the Government of India started providing grants then, women from Sri Lanka, Nigeria and Mauritius also started participating in the training courses provided by Karma Kutir, alongside local women.

Restoring and reestablishing exploited women to a standard of living, and engaging them with establishments that would provide with the opportunities, were the essential objectives of Guha's life. During the 1960s, she set up [[Association for Social Health and Moral Hygiene]] in Naktala, Calcutta. The foundation had a humble start in a room at the workplace of the Social government assistance board at Free School Street, Calcutta. Guha recognized the commitment of her two collaborators Amita Das Gupta and Dr Maitreyi Basu behind the development of the foundation. From 1965 onwards, this association began working as the West Bengal section of the Association for Social Health in India (ASHI).

An adherent of equal rights for women, Guha was charmed when the [[Hindu Marriage Act]] was passed in 1955 giving equivalent rights to women for separation to end a marriage. In any case, Phulrenu called attention to the fact that specific proviso in the law should have been dealt with. She called attention to the fact that the Hindu Marriage Code had given a privilege to either gathering to request the disintegration of a marriage. She spoke at the Rajya Sabha:
{{blockquote|...there are cases where the husband obtained a decree but never filed a petition for divorce even after two years. In such a case the wife has no right, according to law, to file a petition for divorce. It is a very peculiar and uneasy position, particularly for a woman.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}}}

She additionally noticed that the Act, in its current structure permitted to request for legal partition on some particular grounds as brutality, infidelity or incurable illnesses, for example, experiencing leprosy and venereal infections or if the life partner was of the unsound psyche. However, such charges must be validated, and meanwhile, counter-arguments could likewise come at the court. In the process, it was the ladies who endured most.
Speaking of this, she notes:
{{blockquote|When something is said against her, whether it is right or wrong, people usually believe it and she suffers throughout her life because of that stigma.{{Sfn|Gooptu|1995|pp=19–20}}}}

== Personal life ==
She was married to the noted Indian biochemist Dr [[Biresh Chandra Guha]] on 17 July 1945, numerous years after they had initially met. Guha died 95 years old in 2006, in a maturity home she had established herself, and furthermore openly gave her assets to Calcutta University to set up the [[B.C. Guha Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology]].<ref name="Life 9">{{cite book|author= Shodhganga|title=Phulrenu Guha (1911–2006)|url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf|access-date=19 April 2018|year=2006|publisher= S.D|page=1}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/248810/9/09_chapter%203.pdf Official biography in ''Book of Early Feminists of India'']
*{{cite book |first=Sarvani |last=Gooptu |chapter=Phulrenu Datta (Guha): her growing years and sources of inspiration |title=Dr. Phulrenu Guha: Profile in Perspective |year=1995 |pages=19–20}}
*[https://loksabha.nic.in/writereaddata/biodata_1_12/3031.htm Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website]
* Phulrenu Guha,''Elomelo Mone Elo'', (Thoughts at Random, Phulrenu Guha's autobiography in Bengali),(Kolkata: All India Council for Mass Education and Development, 1997)
* ''Rajya Sabha Debates'', vol.50, nos.16–28, 1964, p. 3425.
{{First to Tenth Lok Sabha, West Bengal}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guha, Phulrenu}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2006 deaths]]
[[Category:India MPs 1984–1989]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in social work]]
[[Category:Women in West Bengal politics]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Educators from West Bengal]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:Social workers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Women educators from West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]
[[Category:Paris-Sorbonne University alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Women members of the Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress (U) politicians]]
[[Category:Brojomohun College alumni]]

Aitareya Brahmana

2026-02-09T02:27:45Z

LeonorColangelo: fix structure further

{{Short description|Brahmana text}}
[[File:Aitareya Brahmana, pages 1r 1v 2r 2v, folio 3a, Schoenberg Center manuscript, Penn Library.jpg|thumb|The first four pages of the Aitareya Brahmana]]
The '''Aitareya Brahmana''' ({{langx|sa|ऐतरेय ब्राह्मण}}) is the [[Brahmana]] of the [[Shakala Shakha]] of the [[Rigveda]], an ancient Indian collection of sacred hymns. This work, according to the tradition, is ascribed to Mahidasa Aitareya.<ref>{{cite book|last=Keith|first=Arthur Berriedale |title=Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇas of the Rigveda |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|location=Delhi|orig-year=1920|year=1998|page=28|isbn=81-208-1359-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDawvHc4AxgC&q=Mahidasa+Aitareya&pg=PA28}}</ref><ref>[http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/rv/ab/ab.htm Roman alphabet transliteration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215235230/http://titus.uni-frankfurt.de/texte/etcs/ind/aind/ved/rv/ab/ab.htm |date=2008-02-15 }}, TITUS</ref>

== Authorship ==

[[Sayana]] of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]], a 14th century commentator, attributes the entire ''Aitareya Brahmana'' to a single man: Mahidasa Aitareya.<ref name="ABK_1998">{{cite book |author=Arthur Berriedale Keith |title=Rigveda Brahmanas: The Aitareya and Kausitaki Brahmanas of the Rigveda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UDawvHc4AxgC&pg=PA28 |year=1920 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |isbn=978-81-208-1359-5 |pages=28–29}}</ref> In his introduction to the text, Sayana suggests that "Aitareya" is a [[matronymic]] name. Mahidasa's mother was "Itarā" (इतरा), whose name is derived from the Sanskrit word "itara". She was one of the wives of a great [[rishi]] (sage). The rishi preferred sons from his other wives over Mahidasa. Once he placed all his other sons on his lap, but ignored Mahidasa. On seeing tears in the eyes of her son, Itara prayed to the earth goddess [[Bhūmi]], her [[kuladevi]] (tutelary deity). Bhūmi then appeared and gifted Mahidasa the knowledge contained in the ''Aitareya Brahmana''.<ref name="FMM_1860"/>

Mahidasa is mentioned in other works before Sayana, such as the ''[[Chandogya Upanishad]]'' (3.16.7) and the ''[[Aitareya Aranyaka]]'' (2.1.7, 3.8). But none of these works mention Sayana's legend.<ref name="FMM_1860">{{cite book |author=Friedrich Max Müller |title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle |year=1860 |publisher=Williams and Norgate |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mlle/page/336 336]–337 }}</ref> The ''Aitareya Aranyaka'' is undoubtedly a composite work, and it is possible that the ''Aitareya Brahmana'' also had multiple authors. According to AB Keith, the present [[Redaction (editorial synthesis)|redaction]] of the work may be ascribed to Mahidasa, but even that cannot be said conclusively.<ref name="ABK_1998"/>

=== Identification with Asvalayana Brahmana ===

The ''Asvalayana Srautasutra'' and ''Asvalayana Grhyasutra'', attributed to the sage Asvalayana, are the [[srautasutra]] and [[grhyasutra]] associated with the ''Aitareya Brahmana''.<ref>{{cite book |author=Matthew R. Sayers |title=Feeding the Dead: Ancestor Worship in Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3AOBwiZBjRMC&pg=PA14 |date=12 September 2013 |publisher=OUP USA |isbn=978-0-19-989643-1 |pages=14 }}</ref> Some Sanskrit texts also mention a text called ''Asvalayana Brahmana''. For example, [[Raghunandana]] (c. 16th century CE), in his ''Malamasatattva'', quotes a verse from what he calls the ''Asvalayana Brahmana''. The verse is a slight variation of an ''Aitareya Brahmana'' verse.<ref>{{cite book |title=Indian Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OWLVAAAAMAAJ |year=1962 |publisher=Ramakrishna Maitra |page=252 }}</ref>

The common view is that the ''Asvalayana Brahmana'' is simply another name for the ''Aitareya Brahmana''. However, according to another theory, it might be a now-lost, similar but distinct Brahmana text.<ref>{{cite book |title=Summaries of Papers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-4vAAAAIAAJ |year=1981 |publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan |page=16 |quote=The existence of an Asvalayana Brahmana is, though less certain, also very probable, because none of the available Rgvedic Brahmanas can satisfactorily serve as the basis of the Asvalayana Srautasutra. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the ... World Sanskrit Conference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6RQhAAAAMAAJ|year=1985|publisher=Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan |pages=117–119 |quote=That the Asvalayana School had its own Samhita, makes it more probable that it had also its own Brahmana. [...] The Asvalayana Brahmana was therefore very similar to the AB on one hand and to the Taittiriya texts on the other. }}</ref>

== Date of composition ==

The ''Aitareya Brahmana'' with some certainty dates to the 1st millennium BCE, likely to its first half.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Andhra Pradesh Journal of Archaeology |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBJuAAAAMAAJ |editor=N.R.V. Prasad |year=1995 |publisher=Director of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Andhra Pradesh |page=3 }}</ref>
Published estimates include the following:
*The translator of the Brāhmaṇa, [[Arthur Berriedale Keith|A. B. Keith]] (1920), presented detailed arguments for a date in the 6th century BCE.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rigveda Brahmanas: the Aitareya and Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇas of the Rigveda|last=Keith|first=Arthur Berriedale|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=1920|location=Cambridge, Mass.|pages=44|language=en|oclc = 611413511|url=https://archive.org/stream/rigvedabrahanasa00keit#page/44/mode/2up}}</ref>
* [[Horace Hayman Wilson|H. H. Wilson]] (1866): "about 6 centuries B.C.".<ref name="Monier-Williams1875">cited after {{cite book |author= Monier Monier-Williams |title=Indian Wisdom |url=https://archive.org/details/indianwisdomore00willgoog|year=1875|publisher=W.H. Allen |page=[https://archive.org/details/indianwisdomore00willgoog/page/n82 28] }}</ref>
* [[John G. R. Forlong]] (1906): "not later than 700 B.C."<ref>{{cite book |author=John G. R. Forlong |title=Encyclopedia of Religions |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FpXGJQeaatkC&pg=PA76 |year=1906 |isbn=978-1-60520-489-5 |pages=76–|publisher=Cosimo }}</ref>
* [[E. J. Rapson]] (1914): "possibly ''c.'' 500 B.C." for the "later books of the Aitareya Brahmana"<ref>{{cite book |author=E.J. Rapson |title=Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to the First Century A.D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI4q7838nVcC&pg=PA159 |year=1995 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1107-8 |pages=159 }}</ref>
* [[Franklin Southworth]] (2004), referencing Krishnamurti (2003): "''c.'' 7th century BCE"<ref>{{cite book|author=Franklin Southworth |title=Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9i2WeeTjmKwC&pg=PT97 |date=2 August 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-31776-9 |page=97 }}</ref>
* [[Jan N. Bremmer]] (2007): "c. 800 BC"<ref>{{cite book |author=Jan N. Bremmer |title=The Strange World of Human Sacrifice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tPjVJF8roYC&pg=PA158 |year=2007 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=978-90-429-1843-6 |page=158 }}, referencing [[Michael Witzel]] (1989).</ref>

==Contents==
Forty ''adhyaya''s (chapters) of this work are grouped under eight ''pañcikā''s (group of five). The following is an overview of its contents:
* Pañcikā I
** Adhyāya I: The consecration rites
** Adhyāya II: The introductory sacrifice
** Adhyāya III: The buying and bringing of the [[Soma (drink)|Soma]]
** Adhyāya IV: The [[Pravargya]]
** Adhyāya V: The carrying forward of fire, Soma, and the offerings to the High Altar
* Pañcikā II
** Adhyāya I: The animal sacrifice
** Adhyāya II: The animal sacrifice and morning litany
** Adhyāya III: The Aponaptriya and other ceremonies
** Adhyāya IV: The cups of [[Indra]] and [[Vayu]], [[Mitra]] and [[Varuna]] and the [[Ashvins]]
** Adhyāya V: The Ajya Shastra
* Pañcikā III
** Adhyāya I: The Prauga Shastra, the Vashat call and the Nivids
** Adhyāya II: The Marutvatiya and the Nishkevalya Shastra
** Adhyāya III: The Vaishvadeva and the Agnimaruta
** Adhyāya IV: General considerations regarding the Agnishtoma
** Adhyāya V: Certain details regarding the sacrifice
* Pañcikā IV
** Adhyāya I: The Shodashin and the Atiratra sacrifices
** Adhyāya II: The Ashvina Shastra and Gavam Ayana
** Adhyāya III: The Shadahas and the Vishuvant
** Adhyāya IV: The Dvadashaha rite
** Adhyāya V: The first two days of the Dvadashaha
* Pañcikā V
** Adhyāya I: The third and fourth days of the Dvadashaha
** Adhyāya II: The fifth and sixth days of the Dvadashaha
** Adhyāya III: The seventh and eighth days of the Dvadashaha
** Adhyāya IV: The ninth and tenth days of the Dvadashaha
** Adhyāya V: The Agnihotra and the Brahmana priest
* Pañcikā VI
** Adhyāya I: The office of the Gravastut and Subrahmanya
** Adhyāya II: The Shastras of the Hotrakas at Satras and Ahinas
** Adhyāya III: Miscellaneous points as to the Hotrakas
** Adhyāya IV: The Sampata hymns, the Valakhilyas and the Durohana
** Adhyāya V: The Shilpa Shastras of the third pressing
* Pañcikā VII
** Adhyāya I: The distribution of the portions of the victim of the sacrifice
** Adhyāya II: Expiations of the errors in the sacrifice
** Adhyāya III: The narrative of [[Shunahshepa]]
** Adhyāya IV: The preparations for the royal consecretation
** Adhyāya V: The sacrificial drink of the king
* Pañcikā VIII
** Adhyāya I: The Stotras and Shastras of the Soma day
** Adhyāya II: The anointing of the king
** Adhyāya III: The great anointing of [[Indra]]
** Adhyāya IV: The great anointing of the king
** Adhyāya V: The office of [[Purohita]]

== Cosmography ==

;Section 2.7
Astronomy played a significant role in Vedic rituals, which were conducted at different periods of a year. The ''Aitareya Brahmana'' (4.18) states the sun stays still for a period of 21 days, and reaches its highest point on ''vishuvant'', the middle day of this period.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Edwin Francis Bryant |author2=Laurie L. Patton |title=The Indo-Aryan Controversy: Evidence and Inference in Indian History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fHYnGde4BS4C&pg=PA321 |year=2005 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0-7007-1463-6 |page=321 }}</ref> The gods feared that at this point, the sun would lose its balance, so they tied it with five ropes (the five "ropes" being five prayer verses). The ''vishuvant'' is mentioned as an important day for rituals.<ref name="CM_1869">{{cite book |author=Charlotte Manning |title=Ancient and Mediaeval India |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientmediaeval01mann |year=1869 |publisher=Wm. H. Allen |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ancientmediaeval01mann/page/360 360]–|author-link=Charlotte Manning }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Martin Haug |title=The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda: Translation, with notes |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24205 |year=1863 |publisher=Government Central Book Depot |pages=[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24205/page/n300 290]–291 |author-link=Martin Haug }}</ref> The text also mentions that the sun burns with the greatest force after passing the [[meridian (geography)|meridian]].<ref name="CM_1869"/>

The ''Aitareya Brahmana'' (2.7) states:<ref name="HS_2012">{{cite book |author=Subhash Kak |editor=Helaine Selin |editor-link=Helaine Selin |title=Astronomy Across Cultures: The History of Non-Western Astronomy |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRHvCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA328 |year=2012 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-94-011-4179-6 |chapter=Birth and Early Development of Indian Astronomy |pages=324–328 |author-link=Subhash Kak }}</ref>

{{Quotation|The [sun] never really sets or rises. In that they think of him 'He is setting,' having reached the end of the day, he inverts himself; thus he makes evening below, day above. Again in that they think of him 'He is rising in the morning,' having reached the end of the night he inverts himself; thus he makes day below, night above. He never sets; indeed he never sets."}}

{{Quote box
| quote = '''The Sun and the Earth'''
<poem>
The Sun causes day and night on the earth,
because of revolution,
when there is night here, it is day on the other side,
the sun does not really rise or sink.
</poem>
| source = —''Aitareya [[Brahmana]] III.44'' (Rigveda)<ref>{{cite book|author=Lionel D. Barnett|title=Antiquities of India: An Account of the History and Culture of Ancient Hindustan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x40mwFwgK44C|year=1994|publisher=Phillip Warner: London|isbn=978-81-206-0530-5|pages=203 footnote 1|access-date=26 September 2016|archive-date=8 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208092840/https://books.google.com/books?id=x40mwFwgK44C|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Martin Haug (1922), [https://archive.org/stream/aitareyabrahmana04hauguoft#page/162/mode/2up The Aitareya Brahmana of the Rigveda], Chapter 3, Verse 44, Editor: BD Basu, The Sacred Books of the Hindus Series, pages 163-164</ref>
| bgcolor = #FFE0BB
| align = right
}}

According to [[Subhash Kak]], this implies that according to the author of the verse, the sun does not move and it is the earth that moves, suggesting [[heliocentrism]] and [[Earth's rotation|rotation]] of a [[spherical Earth]].<ref name="HS_2012"/> According to Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta, this verse implies that the author "clearly understood that days and nights were local rather than a global phenomenon". Das Gupta adds that the text's interest in the sun's position appears to be "purely ritualistic", and the verse cannot be conclusively taken as an evidence of the author's recognition of the earth as a sphere.<ref>{{cite book |author=Jyoti Bhusan Das Gupta |title=Science, Technology, Imperialism, and War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EJuM4FylchwC&pg=PA32 |year=2007 |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-81-317-0851-4 |page=32 }}</ref> According to K. C. Chattopadhyaya, the verse simply implies that the sun has two sides: one bright and the other dark.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kshetresh Chandra Chattopadhyay |title=Studies in Vedic and Indo-Iranian Religion and Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6HkoAAAAYAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |page=90 }}</ref>

;Section 3.44
In section 3.44, among other things, the Aitareya Brahmana states (translation by Haug):<ref name=speyer723>{{cite journal | last=Speyer | first=J. S. | title=A remarkable Vedic Theory about Sunrise and Sunset | journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland | publisher=Cambridge University Press (CUP) | volume=38 | issue=3 | year=1906 | pages=723–727 | doi=10.1017/s0035869x00035000| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1428644 | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Martin Haug|title=Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jpi9jwEACAAJ|year=2016|publisher=Hanse |isbn=978-3-7411-4401-1}}; [https://archive.org/stream/aitareyabrahmana04hauguoft#page/162/mode/2up The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda: Archive], pages 163-164</ref>
{{quotation|The sun does never rise or set. When people think the sun is setting (it is not so). For after having arrived at the end of the day it makes itself produce two opposite effects, making night to what is below and day to what is on the other side. When they believe it rises in the morning (this supposed rising is thus to be explained for). Having reached the end of the night, it makes itself produce two opposite effects, making night to what is below and day to what is on the other side."}}
Aitareya Brahmana being a Vedic corpus text and scripture in Hinduism, and the lack of any [[Mount Meru]] theories in that text, the medieval era commentators such as Sayana had significant difficulty in reconciling the Vedic era and medieval era cosmographic theories.<ref name=speyer723/> The medieval era Indian scholars kept the spherical and disc shape cosmography in the Puranas, while the astronomy (Siddhanta) texts for time keeping assumed the spherical assumptions.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Kurt A. Raaflaub|author2=Richard J. A. Talbert|title=Geography and Ethnography: Perceptions of the World in Pre-Modern Societies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FH3WolaD9asC&pg=PA36|year=2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-4443-1566-0|pages=36–37}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jonathan Edelmann|editor=Ravi M. Gupta and Kenneth R. Valpey|title=The Bhagavata Purana: Sacred Text and Living Tradition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEPfrzAwO0sC&pg=PA58 |year=2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-53147-4|page=58}}, Quote: "[...] the Siddhantas (a group of astronomical texts from the fifth century that argued for a spherical earth)..."</ref>

==In linguistics==
''[[The king and the god]]'' is a text based on the "king Harishcandra" episode (7.14 … 33.2) of Aitareya Brahmana. It has been used to compare different reconstructions of [[Proto-Indo-European language]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Brahmanas]]

Balkunwa

2026-02-06T13:17:17Z

LeonorColangelo: new

{{Short description|Village in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Balkunwa
| other_name =
| settlement_type =
| image_skyline =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India 
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = 
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = Barwani
| subdivision_type3 = 
| subdivision_name3 =
| established_title = Established
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = 
| governing_body =
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| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
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| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 
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| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| demographics2_title1 = Other
| demographics2_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = 
| area_code =
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| footnotes =
}}

'''Balkunwa ''' is a village in [[Barwani District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]] state of [[India]].<ref name=census2011>{{cite web |title=Balkunwa(478032) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=535975 |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |accessdate = 26 February 2022}}</ref> As of the [[2011 Census of India]], it had a population of {{formatnum:4119}}.<ref name=census2011/>{{update after|2023}}

==References==
<references/>

{{coord|21.9632|74.96868|region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Villages in Barwani district]]

{{Indore-geo-stub}}

13th MFK Awards

2026-02-03T06:43:57Z

LeonorColangelo:

{{Short description|Maharashtra film awards}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox film awards
| number = 13
| award = [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]] Awards
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| presented_date = 20 January 2023
| site =
| host = [[Amey Wagh]], [[Priyadarshan Jadhav]]
| organizer = [[Zee Talkies]]
| website =
| best_film = ''[[Dharmaveer]]''
| most_wins = ''Dharmaveer'' (5)
| most_nominations = ''[[Pandu (film) | Pandu]]'' (12)
| best_direction = [[Pravin Tarde]] for ''Dharmaveer''
| best_actor = [[Prasad Oak]] for ''Dharmaveer''
| best_actress = [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] for ''[[Chandramukhi (2022 film) | Chandramukhi]]''
| network = [[Zee Talkies]]
| last = 12th
| next = [[14th MFK Awards |14th]]
}}
The '''13th Maharashtracha Favourite Kon? Awards''' ceremony, presented by the Marathi television channel [[Zee Talkies]], honored the best [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language Indian films of [[List of Marathi films of 2022|2022]]. The ceremony was held on 20 January 2023, and was hosted by [[Amey Wagh]] and [[Priyadarshan Jadhav]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZEE5 - Watch TV Shows, Originals, Movies & Live TV Online |url=https://www.zee5.com/global |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=ZEE5 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]'' led the ceremony with 12 nominations, followed by ''[[De Dhakka 2]]'' and [[Timepass 3]] with 10 nominations each.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhirvandekar |first=Harshada |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon: यंदा कोण ठरणार 'महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट'? नामांकनं जाहीर! |url=https://marathi.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nominations-declare-know-how-to-vote-141671676182720.html |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Hindustan Times Marathi |language=mr}}</ref>

[[Dharmaveer]] earned 5 awards, including Favourite Film, Favourite Director, and Favourite Actor, making it the most-awarded film of the ceremony, whereas [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|Chandramukhi]] earned 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=डेस्क |first=एबीपी माझा एंटरटेनमेंट |date=2023-01-21 |title='धर्मवीर मुक्काम पोस्ट ठाणे' ठरला महाराष्ट्राचा फेव्हरेट सिनेमा; खास पोस्ट शेअर करत मुख्यमंत्री एकनाथ शिंदेंकडून सिनेमाच्या टीमचं अभिनंदन |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/news/dharmaveer-mukkam-post-thane-became-maharashtra-favorite-movie-chief-minister-eknath-shinde-shared-a-special-post-and-congratulated-the-team-of-the-film-1143734 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=marathi.abplive.com |language=mr}}</ref>

[[Avadhoot Gupte]] got 3 nominations in Favourite Singer – Male category but lost to [[Adarsh Shinde]]. [[Prasad Oak]], [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], and [[Vaibhav Mangle]] each received 2 nominations in different categories, with the former two winning Favourite Actor and Favourite Actress, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-26 |title=Maharashtracha Favourite Kon : महाराष्ट्राचा फेवरेट अभिनेता ठरला प्रसाद ओक |url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/maharashtra-favorite-kon-prasad-oak-became-maharashtra-favorite-actor/694261 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Zee 24 taas |language=mr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=अडसूळ |first=नीलेश |date=2023-01-20 |title=Amruta Khanvilkar: व्वा! अमृता खानविलकर ठरली महाराष्ट्राची फेवरेट अभिनेत्री.. |url=https://www.esakal.com/manoranjan/amruta-khanvilkar-won-best-actress-award-in-maharashtracha-favourite-kon-nsa95 |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=Marathi News |language=mr}}</ref>

== Winners and nominees ==
{{Multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 3/4
| caption_align = left
| image1 = Prasad Oak during the 48th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2017), in Panaji, Goa.jpg
| caption1 = [[Prasad Oak]], Favourite Actor
| image2 = Amruta khanvilkar in 2022.jpg
| caption2 = [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], Favourite Actress
| image3 = Siddhartha Jadhav.jpg
| caption3 = [[Siddhartha Jadhav]], Favourite Supporting Actor
| image4 = Adarsh Shinde in Jafrabad.jpg
| caption4 = [[Adarsh Shinde]], Favourite Male Singer
| image5 = Shreya Ghoshal at Filmfare Awards South.jpg
| caption5 = [[Shreya Ghosal]], Favourite Male Singer
| image6 = Riteish Deshmukh at the Promotion of 'Kyaa Super Kool Hain Hum' 06.jpg
| caption6 = [[Riteish Deshmukh]], Favourite Style Icon
| image7 = Hruta.jpg
| caption7 = [[Hruta Durgule]], Favourite Popular Face of the Year
}}

{| class="wikitable" role="presentation"
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Film|Favourite Film]]}}

* '''''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
** [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
** ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** ''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
** ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Director|Favourite Director]]}}

* '''[[Pravin Tarde]] – ''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
** [[Prasad Oak]] – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
** [[Viju Mane]] – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** Abhijit Deshpande – ''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
** [[Mahesh Manjrekar]], Sudesh Manjrekar – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** [[Digpal Lanjekar]] – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** [[Ravi Jadhav]] – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** [[Aditya Sarpotdar]] – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actor|Favourite Actor]]}}

* '''[[Prasad Oak]] – ''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
** [[Adinath Kothare]] – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
** [[Bhalchandra Kadam]] – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** [[Sharad Kelkar]] – ''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
** [[Makarand Anaspure]] – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** [[Lalit Prabhakar]] – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
** [[Amey Wagh]] – ''Zombivli''
** [[Prathamesh Parab]] – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Actress|Favourite Actress]]}}

* '''[[Amruta Khanvilkar]] – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]'''
** [[Sonalee Kulkarni]] – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** [[Ritika Shrotri]] – [[Darling (2021 film)|''Darling'']]
** [[Vaidehi Parashurami|Vaidehi Parshurami]] – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
** [[Hruta Durgule]] – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actor|Favourite Supporting Actor]]}}

* '''[[Siddhartha Jadhav]] – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]'''''
** Kshitish Date – [[Dharmaveer]] ''[[Dharmaveer]]''
** [[Kushal Badrike|Kushal Bhadrike]] – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** [[Vaibhav Mangle]] – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** [[Sanjay Narvekar]] – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Supporting Actress|Favourite Supporting Actress]]}}

* '''Snehal Tarde – ''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
** [[Mrunmayee Deshpande]] – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
** [[Amruta Khanvilkar]] – ''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
** [[Medha Manjrekar]] – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** [[Mrinal Kulkarni]] – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** Trupti Khamkar – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Villain|Favourite Villain]]}}

*'''[[Prajakta Mali]] – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]'''
** [[Milind Shinde]] – ''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
** [[Vaibhav Mangle]] – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** [[Mukesh Rishi]] – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** Vidyadhar Joshi – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Song|Favourite Song]]}}

*'''"[[Chandra (song)|Chandra]]" – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]'''
** "Shivba Raja" – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** "Gurupurnima" – ''[[Dharmaveer]]''
** "Sai Tujha Lekaru" – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** "De Punha Dhakka" – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** "Angaat Aalaya" – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
** "[[Bhurum Bhurum]]" – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** "Kelewali" – ''Pandu''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Male Playback Singer|Favourite Singer – Male]]}}

* '''[[Adarsh Shinde]] – "Ashtami" – ''[[Dharmaveer]]'''''
** Adarsh Shinde – "Sai Tujha Lekaru" – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** [[Avadhoot Gupte]] – "De Punha Dhakka" – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** Avadhoot Gandhi – "Shivba Raja" – ''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
** Avadhoot Gupte – "Kelewali" – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** Rohan Pradhan – "Angaat Aalaya" – [[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
** Avadhoot Gupte – "[[Bhurum Bhurum]]" – ''Pandu''
** Manish Rajgire – "Gurupurnima" – ''Dharmaveer''
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Favourite Female Playback Singer|Favourite Singer – Female]]}}

* '''[[Shreya Ghoshal|Shreya Ghosal]] – "[[Chandra (song)|Chandra]]" – [[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]'''
** [[Vaishali Samant]] – "[[Bhurum Bhurum]]" – [[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
** [[Shamika Bhide]] – "De Punha Dhakka" – ''De Dhakka 2''
** Sampada Mane – "Kelewali" – ''Pandu''
** [[Shalmali Kholgade]] – "Cold Drink" – ''[[Timepass 3]]''
** [[Vaishali Mhade]] – "Gar Gar Bhingri" – ''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
** Vaishali Samant – "Waghachi Darkali" – ''Timepass 3''
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Style Icon of the Year|Favourite Style Icon]]}}

* '''[[Riteish Deshmukh]]'''
** [[Ankush Chaudhari]]
** [[Swapnil Joshi]]
** [[Siddhartha Jadhav|Siddharth Jadhav]]
** [[Lalit Prabhakar]]
** [[Amey Wagh]]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|[[MFK Award for Popular Face of the Year|Favourite Popular Face of the Year]]}}

* '''[[Hruta Durgule]]'''
** [[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
** [[Sonalee Kulkarni]]
** [[Pooja Sawant]]
** [[Sai Tamhankar]]
** [[Vaidehi Parashurami]]
|-
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|Special Award – Trend Setter}}

*[[Riteish Deshmukh|'''Ritesh Deshmukh''']]
| style="vertical-align:top; width:50%;" |{{Award category|#eedd82|Favourite Suvarnavati}}

*'''[[Sai Tamhankar]]'''
|}

== Superlatives ==
{|class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Multiple nominations
! Nominations !! Film
|-
!12
|[[Pandu (film)|''Pandu'']]
|-
! rowspan="2" |10
|''[[De Dhakka 2]]''
|-
|''[[Timepass 3]]''
|-
! rowspan="2" |8
|''[[Dharmaveer]]''
|-
|[[Zombivli (2022 film)|''Zombivli'']]
|-
! rowspan="2" |7
|[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
|-
|''[[Sher Shivraj]]''
|-
!5
|''[[Har Har Mahadev]]''
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="display:inline-table;"
|+Multiple wins
! Awards !! Film
|-
!5
|''[[Dharmaveer]]''
|-
! 3
|[[Chandramukhi (2022 film)|''Chandramukhi'']]
|}

== See also ==
* [[Maharashtracha Favourite Kon?]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2023 Indian film awards]]
[[Category:Maharashtra awards]]
[[Category:January 2023 in India]]
[[Category:MFK awards]]

Bankimanjali Stadium

2026-01-31T17:49:55Z

LeonorColangelo: added

{{Short description|Football stadium in Naihati, West Bengal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox venue
|image = Naihati Stadium during CFL opening ceremony.jpg
|name = Bankimanjali Stadium
|native_name = বঙ্কিমাঞ্জলী স্টেডিয়াম
| nickname = '''Naihati Stadium নৈহাটি স্টেডিয়াম'''
|surface = [[Bermuda grass]]
|location = [[Naihati]], [[West Bengal]]
|coordinates = {{coord|22.89304|88.42594|type:landmark_globe:earth_region:IN|display=ti}}
|opened = {{start date and age|2019}}
|owner = Naihati Municipality
|operator = [[Indian Football Association]]
|architect =
|dimensions =
|services_engineer =
|main_contractors =
|construction_cost =
|former_names =
|capacity = 25,000
|suites =
|tenants = [[Diamond Harbour FC]] [[Bengal Super League]]
}}

'''Bankimanjali Stadium,'''<ref>{{cite web|first=Triyasha|last=Chatterjee|url=https://thebridge.in/football/i-league-2021-2022-neroca-fc-start-campaign-with-a-win-against-sreenidi-deccan-27754|title=I-League 2021-2022: Neroca FC start campaign with a win against Sreenidi Deccan|website=thebridge.in|publisher=The Bridge|date=27 December 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=27 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227110611/https://thebridge.in/football/i-league-2021-2022-neroca-fc-start-campaign-with-a-win-against-sreenidi-deccan-27754|url-status=live}}</ref> commonly known as '''Naihati Stadium,''' is a [[Association football|football]] stadium located in a municipality of [[Naihati]] in [[North 24 Parganas district]] in the [[States and union territories of India|Indian]] state of [[West Bengal]]. Named after [[Bankim Chandra Chatterjee]], the stadium is owned by Naihati Municipality and has a capacity of 25,000 spectators. The stadium has hosted games of the [[Calcutta Football League]], the [[IFA Shield]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=ইস্ট বেঙ্গল আল্ট্রাস – East Bengal Ultras|url=https://www.facebook.com/EBULTRAS1920/photos/a.1169897486532543/1177335712455387/?type=3|access-date=2021-12-11|website=www.facebook.com|language=en}}</ref> the [[I-League]],<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-07|title=I-League to start on Dec 26, to be played in four venues in and around Kolkata|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/football/ileague-to-start-on-dec-26-to-be-played-in-four-venues-in-and-around-kolkata-101638888079212.html|access-date=2021-12-11|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-thrashes-real-kashmir-mohammedan-sporting-beats-sreenidi-deccan-3-1/article38451841.ece|title=I-League: Gokulam Kerala thrashes Real Kashmir 5–1, Mohammedan Sporting beats Sreenidi Deccan 3-1|website=sportstar.thehindu.com|publisher=[[Sportstar]]|date=7 March 2022|access-date=8 March 2022|first=Amitabha|last=Das Sharma|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308050932/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/i-league-gokulam-kerala-thrashes-real-kashmir-mohammedan-sporting-beats-sreenidi-deccan-3-1/article38451841.ece|archive-date=8 March 2022}}</ref> and the [[Durand Cup]]. The stadium is the official ground of the friendly club tournament Naihati Gold Cup.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://kolkata24x7.in/sports-news/united-sports-runners-up-at-naihati-gold-cup/|title=নৈহাটী গোল্ড কাপ: প্লাজার জোড়া গোল, চ্যাম্পিয়ন জায়ান্ট কিলার ভবানীপুর|trans-title=Naihati Gold Cup: Plaza doubles, champions Giant Killer Bhawanipore|website=kolkata24x7.in|publisher=Kolkata 24×7|first=Kolkata 24x7|last=Sports Desk|date=14 August 2022|access-date=29 October 2022|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816173504/https://kolkata24x7.in/sports-news/united-sports-runners-up-at-naihati-gold-cup/|archive-date=16 August 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of football stadiums in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Football stadiums in India}}

[[Category:Sports venues in Kolkata]]
[[Category:Football venues in West Bengal]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 2019]]

{{India-sports-venue-stub}}

Raghuji III

2026-01-28T05:27:41Z

LeonorColangelo: creating new post

{{Short description|Raja of Nagpur from 1818 to 1853}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes|date=July 2014}}{{one source|date=July 2014}}}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Raghuji III
| title =
| image = Raghuji Bhosale III.jpg
| caption = Raghuji Bhonsle III
| succession = 7th [[Raja of Nagpur]]
| reign = 26 June 1818 – 11 December 1853
| coronation = 26 June 1818
| full name =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 1806 or 1808
| birth_place =
| death_date = 11 December 1853
| death_place = [[Nagpur]]
| burial_date =
| burial_place =
| predecessor = [[Mudhoji II ]]
| successor = ''Position abolished'' (annexed by the [[East India Company]] as [[Nagpur Province]])
| spouse = 8 wives
| issue =
| royal house = [[Bhonsles of Nagpur]]
| dynasty =
| father =
| mother =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| signature =
}}

'''Raghuji III''' (1806 or 1808 – 11 December 1853) or '''Raghuji''', was the [[Maratha]] ruler of the [[Kingdom of Nagpur|Principal States of Nagpur]] in Central India from 1818 to 1853.

==Life==

===Succession===
When [[Appa Sahib]] was arrested, the Resident [[Richard Jenkins (MP)|Richard Jenkins]] decided to adopt Bajiba, the son of Banubai, as the successor to the Bhonsle gadi. Banubai was the daughter of Raghuji II. The adoption ceremony was performed on 26 June 1818 and Bajiba was renamed Raghuji III.

He was then only ten years old. It was the Resident who took the entire administration into his own hands during the minority of Raghuji III. [[Baka Bai|Bakabai]], the widow of [[Raghoji II Bhonsle]] was to look after the palace affairs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Chandrapur |date=1974 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EWVDAAAAYAAJ&q=bakabai |language=en}}</ref> Her ambition to rule may be said to have been fulfilled at least partly. Prior to his retirement the Resident held a grand darbar and read out the terms of the treaty with Raghuji III on 1 December 1826. It was ratified by the Governor General on 13 December 1826.

===Culture and pilgrimage===
Jenkins took care to educate Raghuji III. Raghuji was initially taught [[The three Rs|reading, writing and arithmetic]] and had received working knowledge of [[Persian language|Persian]] and [[Marathi language|Marathi]], though he had no inclination for learning. In the early part of his royal career Raghuji took keen interest in administrative matters but later neglected them.

He was interested music and dancing and later indulged in gambling to the neglect of his duties. He was addicted to drinking and during his last illness he drank desperately. Apart from these personal vices Raghuji was on the whole a just and good administrator, being popular among his subjects.<ref>{{cite book |title=Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Bhandara district |date=1979 |publisher=Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1MbAAAAIAAJ&q=bakabai |language=en}}</ref>

In 1838, Raghuji had been to [[Kashi Vishwanath Temple|Kasi]], [[Gaya (India)|Gaya]] and other holy places on a pilgrimage. He was accompanied by Captain Fitzgerald with his [[Madras]] contingent.

===Death===
Raghuji was not blessed by progeny though he had in all eight wives. He had one son who died in infancy after whom he probably did not get any issue. He does not seem to have cared for his successor. He probably considered his being without a son as a blemish and left the question of succession to its own fate.

This, however, proved to be detrimental to the royal family Bhonsle as is corroborated by facts. Raghuji was not on good terms with the last British Resident [[Charles Grenville Mansel]]. This might have adversely affected the succession question.

Raghuji died at the age of 47 after a long illness of 25 days on 11 December 1853. His obsequies were performed by his nephew Nana Ahirarav and it was decided to adopt his son Yasavantrav as the next successor.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Hunter, William Wilson, Sir, et al. (1908). ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', Volume 17. 1908–1931; Clarendon Press, Oxford.
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raghuji 03 Bhonsle}}
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:1800s births]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Nagpur]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian royalty]]

{{India-royal-stub}}

Ekla Chalo Re

2026-01-23T17:07:35Z

LeonorColangelo: clean up

{{short description|1905 Bengali song by Rabindranath Tagore}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ekla Cholo Re
| cover =
| alt =
| type = song
| artist =
| album =
| EP =
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| written =
| published = September 1905
| released =
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre = [[Rabindra Sangeet]]
| length =
| label =
| writer = [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
| composer = Rabindranath Tagore
| lyricist =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| title =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ekla Chôlo Re
| cover = Rabindranath Tagore 1905-1906 Sukumar Ray.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Tagore {{c.|1905}}, the year he wrote "Akla Cholo Re"
| type = single
| artist = Rabindranath Tagore<ref name = Encyclopedia />
| album = Record no 357<ref name = Encyclopedia />
| released = sometime between 1905 and 1908<ref name = Encyclopedia />
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length =
| label = H. Bose Swadeshi Records<ref name = Encyclopedia />
| writer = Rabindranath Tagore
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = This album is now lost.
}}

'''''Jôdi Tor Dak Shune Keu Na Ase Tôbe Ekla Chôlo Re''''' ("If no one responds to your call, then go your own way alone"<ref name = rebasom254>{{cite book |last1= Som|first1= Reba |title= Rabindranath Tagore: The Singer and His Song |edition=1st |year= 2009 |publisher=Penguin Books India |location= New Delhi |isbn= 978-0-670-08248-3 |page=254 }}</ref>), commonly known as '''''Ekla Chôlo Re''''', is a [[Bengali language|Bengali]] patriotic song written by [[Rabindranath Tagore]] in 1905.<ref name = rebasom254/>

Originally titled as "EKLA", the song was first published in the September 1905 issue of ''Bhandar'' magazine.<ref name = Encyclopedia /> It was based and influenced by the [[Vaishnavite]] song ''Harinaam Diye Jagat Matale Amar Ekla Nitai Re'', which was a popular Bengali ''Kirtan'' song of ''Dhapkirtan''<ref name = Encyclopedia /> or Manoharshahi ''gharana''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Basu Mallick |first1= Dr Ashis |title= Rabindranather Bhanga Gaan|trans-title=Transcreated Songs of Rabindranath Tagore |edition= 1st |year=2004 |publisher=Pratibhas |location=Kolkata |language=bn |page=166 }}</ref> praising [[Nityananda]], disciple of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]].<ref name = Encyclopedia /> ''Ekla Chalo Re'' was incorporated in the "Swadesh" (Homeland) section of Tagore's lyrical anthology ''Gitabitan''.<ref name = Encyclopedia >{{cite book |last1=Mukhopadhyay |first1=Suren |title=Rabindra-Sangeet-Kosh |trans-title=Encyclopedia of Rabindranath Tagore’s Songs |edition=2nd |year=2009 |orig-year= 2001 |publisher= Sahitya Prakash |location=Kolkata |language=bn |page= 290 }}</ref>

The song exhorts the listener to continue their journey, despite abandonment or lack of support from others. It is often quoted in the context of sociopolitical change movements and was a favourite of [[Mahatma Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.indianembassy.de/templateg.php?inclpage=culture.htm&mnid=5
|title = Rabindranath Tagore
|publisher = Embassy of India Berlin
|location = Germany
|access-date = 29 November 2011
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080420232349/http://www.indianembassy.de/templateg.php?inclpage=culture.htm&mnid=5
|archive-date = 20 April 2008
|url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=http://homepages.udayton.edu/~mchatterjee1/sadhaka.html
|title=Rabindranath Tagore
|author=Monish R. Chatterjee:Sadhaka of Universal Man, Baul of Infinite Songs
|publisher=Bengali Association of Greater Rochester
|location=Rochester, NY, USA
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820220824/http://homepages.udayton.edu/~mchatterjee1/sadhaka.html
|archive-date=2011-08-20
}}</ref>

==Lyrics==

===Bengali===
The verses of ''Ekla Chalo Re'' read as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Song jodi tor dak shune {{!}} Lyric and History |url=https://www.geetabitan.com/lyrics/J/jodi-tor-daak-shune-lyric.html |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.geetabitan.com}}</ref>


<poem>{{lang|bn|italics=no|যদি তোর ডাক শুনে কেউ না আসে তবে একলা চলো রে।
একলা চলো একলা চলো একলা চলো একলা চলো রে॥

যদি কেউ কথা না কয়, ওরে ওরে ও অভাগা,
যদি সবাই থাকে মুখ ফিরায়ে সবাই করে ভয়—
তবে পরান খুলে
ও তুই মুখ ফুটে তোর মনের কথা একলা বলো রে॥

যদি সবাই ফিরে যায়, ওরে ওরে ও অভাগা,
যদি গহন পথে যাবার কালে কেউ ফিরে না চায়—
তবে পথের কাঁটা
ও তুই রক্তমাখা চরণতলে একলা দলো রে॥

যদি আলো না ধরে, ওরে ওরে ও অভাগা,
যদি ঝড়-বাদলে আঁধার রাতে দুয়ার দেয় ঘরে—
তবে বজ্রানলে
আপন বুকের পাঁজর জ্বালিয়ে নিয়ে একলা জ্বলো রে॥}}</poem>

===Roman transliteration===
<poem>Jodi tor dak shune keu na eshe tobe ekla cholo re.
Tobe ekla cholo, ekla cholo, ekla cholo, ekla cholo re.

Jodi keu kotha na koe, ore ore o obhaga,
Jodi shobai thake mukh phirae shobai kore bhoe, jodi shobai thake mukh phirae shobai kore bhoi—
Tobe poran khule
O tui mukh phute tor moner kotha ekla bolo re.

Jodi shobai phire jae, ore ore o obhaga,
Jodi gohon pothe jabar kale keu phire na chae, jodi gohon pothe jabar kale keu phire naa chai—
Tobe pother kata
O tui roktomakha chorontole ekla dolo re.

Jodi alo na dhore, ore ore o obhaga,
Jodi jhor-badole adhar rate duar dae ghore—
Tobe bojranole
Apon buker pajor jalie nie ekla jolo re.</poem>

===English===
<ref>{{cite book |last1= Choudhury|first1= Subhas |title=Gitabitaner Jagat |trans-title= The World of Gitabitan |edition= 3rd |year=2006 |orig-year= 2004 |publisher=Papyrus |location= Kolkata |language=bn |isbn= 81-8175-087-X |page= 740}}</ref>

<poem>If they answer not to thy call;
Walk alone.

If they are afraid and cower mutely facing the wall;
O thou unlucky one! ,
If they are afraid and cower mutely facing the wall;
Open thy mind,
And speak out alone.

If they turn away, and desert you when crossing the wilderness;
O thou unlucky one! ,
If they turn away, and desert you when crossing the wilderness;
Trample the thorns under thy tread,
And along the blood-lined track travel alone.

If they do not hold up the light when the night is troubled with storm;
O thou unlucky one! ,
If they do not hold up the light when the night is troubled with storm;
With the thunder flame of pain ignite thy own heart,
And let it burn alone.</poem>

==History==

=== Writing ===
"Ekla Chalo Re" was written at [[Giridih]] town in modern-day [[Jharkhand]], [[India]].<ref name = gj33>Choudhury, Subhas (2006). ''Gitabitaner Jagat''. p. 33.</ref> It was one of the 22 [[protest songs]]<ref name = rabindrasangeet/> written during the [[Swadeshi|Swadeshi period]] of [[Indian freedom movement]] and along with "[[Amar Sonar Bangla]]", it became one of the key songs for the Anti-[[Partition of Bengal (1905)|Partition]] Movement in [[Bengal Presidency]] in 1905.<ref name = rabindrasangeet>{{cite book |last1=Ghosh |first1= Santidev |author-link1=Santidev Ghosh |title=Rabindra Sangeet |trans-title= Songs of Tagore |edition= 6th |year=1987 |orig-year= 1942 |publisher= [[Visva-Bharati]] |location=Kolkata |language=bn |isbn=978-81-7522-302-8 |page= 108 }}</ref>

Titled as "Eka" ("Alone") the song was first published in the September 1905 issue of ''Bhandar'' magazine.<ref name = Encyclopedia /> "Eka" was first included in Tagore's song anthology ''Baul'' in 1905.<ref name = gj33/> In 1941, it was incorporated into the "Swadesh" ("Homeland") section of ''Gitabitan'', the complete anthology of Tagore's music.<ref>Choudhury, Subhas (2006). ''Gitabitaner Jagat''. p. 122.</ref>

The musical notation of "Ekla Chalo Re" was prepared by Indira Devi, a niece of Tagore.<ref name = Encyclopedia /> The notation was first published in the April–May 1906 issue of ''Sangeet-Vignan Prakashika'' magazine and later incorporated into the 46th volume of ''Swarabitan'', the complete collection of Tagore's musical notations.<ref name = Encyclopedia />

===Recording===
"Ekla Chalo Re" was first recorded by Rabindranath Tagore sometime between 1905 and 1908.<ref name = Encyclopedia /> The [[cylinder record]] labelled H. Bose Swadeshi Records is now lost.<ref name = Encyclopedia /> Two other records of the song made by Harendranath Dutta (record no P5270) and Hindustan Party (comprising Amala Dutta, Nandita Devi, Sudhin Dutta and [[Santidev Ghosh]]) (record no H 191) are released by Gramophone Company of India and Hindustan Records respectively.<ref name = Encyclopedia />

Eminent Rabindra Sangeet singer [[Suchitra Mitra]] recorded this song twice, first in 1948 (record no N27823), for the film Sandipan Pathshala, then in 1984 (record no PSPL 1501). There is also a third recording of this song by Suchitra Mitra from the album Rupantori (1988). She also recorded the song for the fourth time, with the sarod being played as background music, by Ustad Amjad Ali Khan, from the album Tribute to Tagore.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mitra |first1=Suchitra |title=Mone Rekho |trans-title=Autobiography of Suchitra Mitra |edition=2nd |year=2008 |orig-year=1995 |publisher= Ajkaal Publishers Pvt Ltd|location=Kolkata |language=bn |isbn= 978-81-7990-084-0 |pages= 65 & 72 |trans-chapter= Discography of Suchitra Mitra (appendix)|chapter= Suchitra Mitrer Record }}</ref>

==In popular culture==
{{Listen|filename=Ekla Cholo Re.ogg|title="Ekla Cholo Re"|description="Ekla Cholo Re" excerpt from Kahaani movie depicts Bachchan’s infrequent vocal style}}
In 2004, "Ekla Chalo Re"'s tune was used with Hindi lyrics composed by [[A.R Rahman]] and sung by [[Sonu Nigam]] in the movie ''[[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero]]''. In the 2012 Bollywood film ''[[Kahaani]]'', it is sung by actor [[Amitabh Bachchan]] under music direction of [[Vishal–Shekhar]]. Earlier, it was sung by [[Kishore Kumar]], under the direction of [[Hemanta Mukhopadhyay]]. It was recorded by [[Hemanta Mukherjee]] in 1989.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902010338/http://www.calcuttaweb.com/gaan/rabindra/index.shtml যদি তোর ডাক শুনে কেউ না আসে] Audio from calcuttaweb.com
{{Rabindranath Tagore}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Bengali-language literature]]
[[Category:Indian poems]]
[[Category:Indian literature]]
[[Category:Songs written by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Songs in Bengali]]
[[Category:Indian patriotic songs]]
[[Category:Indian protest songs]]
[[Category:Kishore Kumar songs]]
[[Category:Shreya Ghoshal songs]]
[[Category:Amitabh Bachchan songs]]
[[Category:1905 songs]]
[[Category:Poems by Rabindranath Tagore]]
[[Category:Rabindra Sangeet]]

List of Yuva Puraskar winners for Nepali

2025-12-04T03:11:06Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting new bio - done

{{Short description|List of winners of a literary honor in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox award|name=Yuva Puraskar|awardname=Yuva Puraskar for Nepali literature|reward=[[Indian rupee|₹]] 50,000|sponsor=[[Sahitya Akademi]] ([[Government of India]])|firstawarded=2011|lastawarded=2020|total_awarded=12|awarded_for=Contribution to [[Indian literature]] in [[Nepali language]]|award1_type=First winner|award1_winner=Kamal Regmi (2011)|award2_type=Latest winner|award2_winner=Roshan Rai 'Chot' (2022)|website={{URL|http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp|Official website}}|image=साहित्य अकादमी.svg}}
{{Sahitya Akademi Awards}}
[[Yuva Puraskar]] ({{Langx|ne|युवा पुरस्कार|lit=Youth Award}}) relates to books published by an author of the age of 35 and below as on January 1 of the year of the award. This is a list of [[Nepali language|Nepali]] writers who received the award given by [[Sahitya Akademi]].

== Recipients ==
Following are the recipients:<ref>{{Cite web|title=..:: Yuva Puraskar ::..|url=http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/awards/yuva_samman_suchi.jsp|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Sahitya Akademi }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Author
!Work
!Type of work
!Notes
|-
| 2025 || Subash Thakuri || ''Junko Aansu'' || Poetry ||<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-06-18 |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya, Yuva Puraskar for 2025 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025/articleshow/121930724.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-06-18 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sahitya Akademi 2025: Yuva, Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners Announced |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-yuva-puraskar-for-2025-3591773 |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || Suraj Chapagain || ''Canvas Ko Xitiz'' || Novel ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/article68293703.ece |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=www.thehindu.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/articleshow/111018778.cms |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=economictimes.indiatimes.com |date=15 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sahitya Akademi announces Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar winners for 2024 |url=https://theprint.in/india/sahitya-akademi-announces-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-winners-for-2024/2132795/ |access-date=15 June 2024 |publisher=theprint.in |date=15 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|Naina Adhikari
|''Ghat-Pratighatka Udgarharu''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{cite web |date=23 June 2023 |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2023|url=https://www.sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Pressrelease_YP-2023.pdf|access-date=27 June 2023|website=[[Sahitya Akademi]]}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|Roshan Rai 'Chot'
|''Deshko Anuhar''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web |author=News9 Staff |date=2022-08-25 |title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar 2022: Mihir Vatsa's 'Tales of Hazaribagh', Bhagwant Anmol's 'Pramey' among winners |url=https://www.news9live.com/art-culture/books/sahitya-akademi-awards-yuva-puraskar-announces-awardees-for-2022-191716 |access-date=2022-08-27 |website=NEWS9LIVE |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|Mahesh Dahal
|''Achal Kuhiro''
|Short Stories
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi Announces Winners Of Yuva Puraskar, Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2021|url=https://www.ndtv.com/education/sahitya-akademi-announces-winners-of-yuva-puraskar-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2021|access-date=2022-01-01|website=NDTV.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|Anjan Baskota
|''Dristi- Nibandha Sangrah''
|Essays
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal Sahitya Puraskar, Yuva Puraskar 2020|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-sahitya-puraskar-yuva-puraskar-2020/2045678|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Outlook India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2019
|Karna Biraha
|''Charkiyeko Bhui''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=जनसंवाद|date=2019-06-15|title=भविलाल लामिछानेलाई बाल तथा कर्ण विरहलाई युवा साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार|url=https://www.jansambaad.com/2019/06/15/भविलाल-लामिछानेलाई-बाल-त/|access-date=2021-12-28|website=जनसंवाद|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|[[Chuden Kabimo]]
|''1986''
|Short Stories
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-23|title=Sahitya Akademi announces Bal, Yuva Puraskar for 2018|url=https://indianewengland.com/2018/06/sahitya-akademi-announces-bal-yuva-puraskar-for-2018/|access-date=2021-12-09|website=INDIA New England News|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2017
|Sharan Muskan 'Garud'
|''Mooldharatira''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-29|title=Sahitya Akademi Yuva Puraskar-2017|url=https://www.edristi.in/sahitya-akademi-yuva-puraskar-2017/|access-date=2021-12-09|website=Latest Current Affairs for Competitive Exams|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Sanjeev Chhetri
|''Sancho Jastai Kathaharu''
|Short Stories
|<ref>{{Cite web|agency=PTI|date=Jul 19, 2016|title=Sahitya Akademi calls for Yuva Puraskar entries {{!}} Delhi News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/sahitya-akademi-calls-for-yuva-puraskar-entries/articleshow/53282980.cms|access-date=2021-12-09|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2015
|Sapan Pradhan
|''Kriti-Kirti''
|Literary Criticism
|-
|2014
|Tika 'Bhai'
|''Paitalataltira''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2014-08-23|title=Poetry dominates Sahitya Akademi Yuva awards|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/poetry-dominates-sahitya-akademi-yuva-awards/article6342960.ece|access-date=2021-12-09|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|2013
|Suraj Dhadkan
|''Ghar''
|Short Stories
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-09-02|title=City-based writer bags prestigious Sahitya Akademi Yuva award|url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2013/09/03/city-based-writer-bags-prestigious-sahitya-akademi-yuva-award/|access-date=2021-12-09|website=The Shillong Times|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2012
|Manoj Bogati
|''Ghauka Rang Haru''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Symposium Marks A Poetic Sojourn|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2015/jan/16/symposium-marks-a-poetic-sojourn-705766.html|access-date=2021-12-09|website=The New Indian Express|date=16 January 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|2011
|Kamal Regmi
|''Srijana Ra Abhista''
|Poetry
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=प्रतिनिधि|first=खबरम्यागजिन|title=नेपालको नेपाली सङ्गीतले पाएको स्वर्ण युग दार्जीलिङको देन हो-कमल रेग्मी – खबरम्यागजिन|url=https://khabarmagazine.com/archives/27334|access-date=2021-12-28|language=en-US}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of Sahitya Akademi Award winners for Nepali]]
* [[Yuva Puraskar]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nepali language}}
{{Nepali literature}}

[[Category:Indian literary awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2011]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Lists of Nepalese people|Yuva Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Nepali literary institutions]]
[[Category:Nepali language-related lists]]

Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen

2025-11-22T20:38:11Z

LeonorColangelo: Starting bio - done

{{Short description|Indian historical drama film based on the life of Warrior Queen Nayika Devi}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{No plot|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen
| image = Nayika Devi.jpg
| caption =
| starring = {{plainlist|
* Khushi Shah
* [[Chunky Panday]]
* [[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]]
* [[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]]
}}
| country = India
| language = [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| music = Parth B. Thakkar
| cinematography = Jaipal Reddy Nimmala
| editing = Parth Y. Bhatt
| director = Nitin Gawde
| based_on = [[Naiki Devi]]
| producer = Umesh Sharma
| writer = Umesh Sharma
| studio = Atree Entertainment
| distributor = Rupam Entertainment Pvt Ltd
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2022|05|06}}
| runtime = 146 minutes
}}
'''''Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen''''' is a 2022 [[Gujarati cinema|Gujarati]] historical drama film directed by Nitin Gawde and produced by Umesh Sharma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/chunky-pandey-to-play-the-role-of-muhammad-ghori-in-nitin-g-nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen-know-full-details-1120676.html|title=नितिन जी की 'नायिका देवी: द वारियर क्वीन' में मुहम्मद गौरी की भूमिका निभाएंगे चंकी पांडे, जानिए पूरी डिटेल्स|first=TV9|last=Bharatvarsh|date=March 16, 2022|website=TV9 Bharatvarsh|language=hi|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref> It is based on the life of [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandel]]-born [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki Rajput]] Queen [[Naiki Devi]], played by Khushi Shah, a warrior queen known for defeating [[Muhammad of Ghor]], played by [[Chunky Panday]], the film is based on [[Battle of Kasahrada]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/news/nayika-devi-warrior-queen-starring-khushi-shah-poster-released-1041349|title=Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen starring Khushi Shah poster released|date=March 8, 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen-depicts-chunky-panday-as-evil-antagonist-1520021|title='Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen' Depicts Chunky Panday As Evil Antagonist|date=March 16, 2022|website=news.abplive.com|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/chunky-panday-introduced-as-muhammad-ghori-in-gujarati-period-drama-nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen/876557/|title=Chunky Panday introduced as Muhammad Ghori in Gujarati period drama 'Nayika Devi: The Warrior Queen'|date=March 16, 2022|website=ThePrint|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/bollywood/nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen-teaser-out-fans-give-amazing-response-2849903|title=बहुप्रतीक्षित फिल्म 'नायिका देवी- द वॉरियर क्वीन' का टीजर आउट, लोगों से मिल रहा भरपूर प्यार|website=NDTVIndia|language=hi|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enavabharat.com/video/the-teaser-of-the-film-naika-devi-the-warrior-queen-released-chunky-pandey-seen-in-the-battlefield-525479/|title=Naika Devi Teaser Out | फिल्म 'नायिका देवी - द वारियर क्वीन' का टीजर हुआ रिलीज, युद्ध मैदान में दिखे चंकी पांडे | Navabharat (नवभारत)|website=www.enavabharat.com|language=hi|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref> It was released on 6 May 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movie-details/nayika-devi-the-warrior-queen/movieshow/90081046.cms|title=Nayika Devi : The Warrior Queen Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes|via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|access-date=2022-03-30}}</ref>

==Plot==
''Nayika Devi, the Warrior Queen'' is a historical drama set in the 12th century. The film is about India's first female warrior. Tale of Chaulukya, queen of Gujarat, who not only ruled [[Patan, Gujarat|Patan]] for years but also overthrew Muhammad Ghori on the battlefield in 1178.

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
*Khushi Shah as [[Naiki Devi|Nayika Devi]]
*[[Chunky Panday]] as [[Muhammad of Ghor]]
*[[Manoj Joshi (actor)|Manoj Joshi]] as [[Kumarapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Kumarapala]]
*[[Chirag Jani (actor)|Chirag Jani]] as [[Ajayapala (Chaulukya dynasty)|Ajayapala]]
*Jayesh More
*Ojas Rawal
*[[Kaushambi Bhatt]]
*Mamta Soni
*Chetan Daiya
*Binda Rawal
*Brinda Trivedi
*Ragi Jani
*Mustafa Askari
*Morli Patel
*Aakash Zala
*Hari Rathod
*Anuresh Ninad
*Vinayak Ketkar
*Aayush Jadeja
*Jignesh Trivedi as Acharya Hemachandra
*Bhavya Sirohi as Patan Girl
*Vijay Chauhan
}}

==Soundtrack==
The music of the film is composed by Parth Bharat Thakkar and lyrics are written by Chirag Tripathi.
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 9:00
| title1 = Shambhu Shankara
| lyrics1 = Chirag Tripathi
| extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| length1 = 3:04
| title2 = Patan Na Patrani
| lyrics2 = Chirag Tripathi
| extra2 = [[Shruti Pathak]], Vandana Gadhvi
| length2 = 3:21
| title3 = Aaj Karo Kesariya
| lyrics3 = Chirag Tripathi
| extra3 = [[Parthiv Gohil]], [[Aditya Gadhvi]]
| length3 = 2:35
}}

== Release ==
The film was released theatrically on 6 May 2022.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title}}

[[Category:2022 films]]
[[Category:2022 drama films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:2020s Gujarati-language films]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Jamal Mohamed College

2025-11-16T13:10:14Z

LeonorColangelo: content update

{{Short description|Autonomous college in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Jamal Mohamed College
| image = Jamal Mohamed College Logo.png
| founder = Janab. M. Jamal Mohamed Sahib and Janab [[Kajamian Rowther|N.M. Khajamian Rowther]]
| established = {{start date and age|1951|07|11}}
| address = 7, Race Course Road, Khaja Nagar
| caption = '''JMC logo'''
| motto = اهدِنَــــا الصِّرَاطَ المُستَقِيمَ
| mottoeng = Show us the right path
| academic_staff = 494
| academic_affiliations = {{hlist|[[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]|[[All India Council for Technical Education|AICTE]]|[[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]}}
| president = M. J. Jamal Mohamed Bilal
| chairperson = A. K. Khaja Nazeemudeen
| principal = D.I. George
Amalarethinam
| dean = S. Kareemullah (Arts) A. R. Mohamed Shanavas (Science)
| students = {{circa|12,000}}
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| campus =
| campus_size = {{convert|87|acre}}
| city = [[Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu|Tiruchirappalli]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| postalcode = 620020
| coordinates = {{coord|10.7863|78.6957|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| colors = {{scarf|{{cells|1|#000000}}{{cells|1|#ffffff}}{{cells|3|#002f01}}{{cells|3|#feff00}}{{cells|2|#fea3e9}}{{cells|1|#d0f8ff}}{{cells|1|#ffffff}}{{cells|1|#000000}}}}
| affiliation = [[Bharathidasan University]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.jmc.edu/}}
| logo = JMC MAIN BUILDING.jpg
| logo_alt = ej
}}

'''Jamal Mohamed College''' is an aided and autonomous college located in [[Tiruchirappalli]], Tamil Nadu, India. Established in 1951, the institution is affiliated to the [[Bharathidasan University]] and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, and research programmes in arts, science, and commerce.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of all Affiliated Colleges |url=https://www.bdu.ac.in/affiliation/affiliated-colleges.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250825161559/https://www.bdu.ac.in/affiliation/affiliated-colleges.php |archive-date=2025-08-25 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Bharathidasan University}}</ref><ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.jmc.edu/about.php?mn=about |access-date=2017-04-01 |publisher=Jamal Mohamed College}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:JAMAL MOHAMED COLLEGE.jpg|right|thumb|College Building Opening]]
Jamal Mohamed College was established on 11 July 1951 by M. Jamal Mohamed and [[Kajamian Rowther|N. M. Khajamian Rowther]]. The college was originally affiliated with the [[University of Madras]] and later became affiliated with Bharathidasan University in 1982.<ref name="About Us" />

The college was established as a minority institution, with the aim of providing higher education for socially under-privileged sections and specifically the Muslim minority.

The college has been recognised by the University Grants Commission (UGC) under sections 2(f) and 12(B) of the UGC Act. It received autonomous status in 2004. It is administered by the Society of Jamal Mohamed College.<ref name="About Us" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jamal Mohamed College Admission, Courses Offered, Fees, Ranking, Campus Placement: AajTak Campus |url=https://www.aajtakcampus.in/college/jamal-mohamed-college |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116123047/https://www.aajtakcampus.in/college/jamal-mohamed-college |archive-date=2025-11-16 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=www.aajtakcampus.in |language=en}}</ref>

==Academics==

The college was able to become a multi-faculty institution with 11 undergraduate programmes, 11 postgraduate programmes and 2 M.Phil. programmes under Government Aided stream and 11 U.G. programmes, 13 P.G. programmes, 17 M.Phil. and 16 Ph.D. programmes under self financing stream. The college also offers 13 U.G., 14 P.G. programmes, 16 M.Phil. and 15 Ph.D. programmes exclusively for women as part of women empowerment during the second shift of the college. During 2021–22, the college offers 23 Under Graduate, 20 Post Graduate, 7 UGC Sponsored Career-Oriented programmes, 17 M.Phil. and 16 Ph.D., programmes.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

The present student strength is around 12,000, of which 4,605 are women students. There are about 494 teaching and 297 non-teaching staff.{{cn|date=November 2025}}

<gallery>
AbdullahBasha1.jpg
AbdullahBasha2.jpg
AbdullahBasha3.jpg
AbdullahBasha4.jpg
</gallery>

== Accreditation and recognitions ==

* The college has been accredited by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)]]; in its 4th cycle it reported a CGPA of 3.69 and grade A++.<ref name="About Us" />
* The UGC designated the college as a College with Potential for Excellence (CPE).<ref name=":0" />

== Rankings ==
Jamal Mohamed College was ranked 84th among colleges in India by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2025, slipping from 59th in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India Rankings 2025: College |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/CollegeRanking.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011021314/https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2025/CollegeRanking.html |archive-date=2025-10-11 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=India Rankings 2024: College |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2024/CollegeRanking.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250819200507/https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2024/CollegeRanking.html |archive-date=2025-08-19 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=National Institutional Ranking Framework}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Islamic universities and colleges in India]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Tiruchirappalli]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Bharathidasan University]]
[[Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras]]

Nina Lath Gupta

2025-11-03T15:22:30Z

LeonorColangelo: creating entry

{{Short description|Indian film producer}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nina Lath Gupta
| image =
| caption =
| other_names = Nina Lath
| birth_date =
| birth_place = India
| occupation = Film producer, entrepreneur
| known_for = Film Bazaar
| years_active = 1989–present
| notable_works =
| website =
}}

'''Nina Lath Gupta''' also known as Nina Lath is an Indian film producer and former civil servant known for her contributions to the Indian film industry, particularly through the [[National Film Development Corporation of India|National Film Development Corporation (NFDC)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nina Lath Gupta: Scripting Success |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/wpower-trailblazers/nina-lath-gupta-scripting-success/46205/1 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref> Her contributions in cinema have been acknowledged through various media streams in India and abroad.<ref>{{Cite web |author=T. H. R. Staff |date=2012-12-06 |title=International Power Women: The 12 Execs Making Waves Worldwide |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/international-power-women-12-execs-398898/ |access-date=2024-10-27 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gupta began her career as a civil servant in the [[Indian Revenue Service]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-29 |title=Nina Lath Gupta gave a new lease of life to National Film Development Corporation |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/special/story/most-powerful-businesswomen-in-india-nina-lath-gupta-131002-2013-08-29 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Business Today |language=en}}</ref> She was the managing director of [[National Film Development Corporation of India|NDFC]] from 2006 to 2018. Her contract with NDFC was terminated in 2018 by the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting of India on account of alleged mismanagement and non-compliance with government protocols.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2018-03-02 |title=Nina Lath Gupta Sacked as India’s NFDC Chief (Report) |url=https://variety.com/2018/film/asia/nina-lath-gupta-sacked-as-india-nfdc-chief-1202715375/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta |first=Amrita Nayak |date=2018-03-14 |title=NFDC chief's sacking shocks film industry, officials say internal audit sealed her fate |url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/nfdc-chiefs-sacking-shocks-film-industry-officials-say-internal-audit-sealed-fate/41377/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-01 |title=I&B fires NFDC managing director Nina Lath Gupta |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/ib-fires-nfdc-managing-director-nina-lath-gupta-5082201/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The dismissal was later overturned by Dehli Hight Court in 2023. The decision of the [[Delhi High Court]] was upheld by the [[Supreme Court of India]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arunima |date=2023-05-06 |title=[Tenure Employment] Actions of the Union speak volumes about illegality of the NFDC Chief termination order; Delhi High Court quashes the order |url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2023/05/06/delhi-hc-quashes-termination-order-of-nina-lath-gupta-ndfc-chief-legal-news/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=SCC Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Petition(s) for Special Leave to Appeal (C) No(s). 16902/2024 |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2024/29752/29752_2024_9_18_54689_Order_12-Aug-2024.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=REVIEW PETITION (C) NO. 1822/2024 IN SPECIAL LEAVE PETITION (C) NO. 16902/2024 |url=https://api.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2024/41812/41812_2024_15_1001_56556_Order_17-Oct-2024.pdf}}</ref>

=== Film Bazaar ===
She launched ''Film Bazaar'' in 2007 during her time at NDFC'','' an initiative to connect filmmakers with buyers and sellers of movie rights and create international collaborations for [[Cinema of India|Indian cinema]].<ref name=":0" /> This initiative has launched a number of films under its banner such as ''Lunch Box'', ''Margarita With A Straw'', ''Chauthi Koot'', ''Qissa'', ''Ship of Theseus'', ''Titli'', ''Court'', ''Anhe Ghode Da Daan'', ''Miss Lovely'', ''Dum Lagake Haisha'', ''Liar's Dice.'' and ''Thithi.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jhunjhunwala |first=Udita |date=2015-11-20 |title=Why NFDC’s Film Bazaar is the one market you need to keep your eyes on |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1561/the-one-market-you-need-to-keep-your-eyes-on-nfdcs-film-bazaar |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cinemas of India ===
''Cinemas of India'' was launched in 2012 by Gupta, a distribution brand to release the restored versions of classic NFDC films for the contemporary audience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohli-Khandekar |first=Vanita |date=14 May 2014 |title=NFDC writes a new script for Indian cinema |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/nfdc-writes-a-new-script-for-indian-cinema-114051400030_1.html |website=Business Standard}}</ref>

=== Cinevesture ===
After her tenure at NFDC, Gupta founded Cinevesture, a platform designed to connect creators and investors in the film industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CIFF and the business of cinema |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/features/ciff-and-the-business-of-cinema-608284 |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=2024-02-05 |title=Jerome Paillard, Rana Daggubati, Nicole Guillemet Set as Advisors for Pilot Edition of India’s Producer Focused Cinevesture Festival |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/news/rana-daggubati-jerome-paillard-nicole-guillemet-cinevesture-festival-india-1235897962/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
Nina Lath Gupta has produced and co-produced a number of acclaimed films which include:
* ''[[Manjhi – The Mountain Man|Manjhi: The Mountain Man]]'' [[Manjhi – The Mountain Man|(2015)]]
* [[Island City (2015 film)|''Island City'' (2015)]]
* [[Chauranga|''Chauranga'' (2014)]]
* [[Qissa (film)|''Qissa: The Tale of a Lonely Ghost'' (2013)]]
* [[The Lunchbox|''The Lunchbox'' (2013)]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|4980663}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Nina Lath}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

National Highway 100 (India, old numbering)

2025-10-24T06:39:04Z

LeonorColangelo: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[National Highway 522 (India)]]

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Bikaner–Puri Express

2025-10-22T01:52:50Z

LeonorColangelo: creating new post needs work - done

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{no footnotes|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Shri Ganganagar-Puri Express
| image = Ministry of Railways India.svg
| image_width =
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast trains in India|Superfast]]
| locale =
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2013|04|28}}
| last =
| operator = [[North Western Railway Zone|North Western Railway]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|Shri Ganganagar Junction}} (SGNR)
| stops = 37
| end = {{rws|Puri}} (PURI)
| distance = {{convert|2407|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 43 hrs 20 mins
| frequency = Weekly
| class = AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class, General Unreserved
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = E-catering, On-board Catering
| observation = Large windows
| entertainment =
| baggage = No
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 20471 / 20472
| speed = {{convert|56|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map =
| map_state =
}}
The 20471 / 20472 '''Shri Ganganagar-Puri Express''' is a superfast express train of the Indian Railways connecting [[Shri Ganganagar Junction railway station|Shri Ganganagar]] in [[Rajasthan]] and [[Puri railway station|Puri]] in [[Odisha]]. It is currently being operated with 20471/20472 train numbers on a weekly basis.

== Service==

* 20471 Shri Ganganagar - Puri Express has an average speed of 56 km/h and covers 2407 km in 43 hrs 20 mins.
* 20472 Puri - Shri Ganganagar Express has an average speed of 55 km/h and covers 2407 km in 43 hrs 50 mins.

== Route and halts ==

The important halts of the train are :

* '''{{rws|Shri Ganganagar Junction}}'''
* {{rws|Suratgarh Junction}}
* {{rws|Bikaner Junction}}
* {{rws|Nagaur}}
* {{rws|Jaipur Junction}}
* {{rws|Durgapura}}
* {{rws|Sawai Madhopur Junction}}
* {{rws|Kota Junction}}
* {{rws|Guna Junction}}
* {{rws|Katni Murwara}}
* {{rws|Anuppur Junction}}
* {{rws|Bilaspur Junction}}
* {{rws|Jharsuguda Junction}}
* {{rws|Sambalpur Junction}}
* {{rws|Bhubaneswar}}
* {{rws|Khurda Road Junction}}
* '''{{rws|Puri}}'''

==Traction==

As the route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Visakhapatnam|Visakhapatnam Loco Shed]]-based [[WAP-7]] electric locomotive From Shri Ganganagar to Puri and vice versa.

==Coach composite==

The train consists of 20 LHB coaches:

* 1 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 2 AC III Tier Economy
* 5 Sleeper Coaches
* 4 General
* 2 SLR cum EoG/parcel van

== Direction reversal==

Train Reverses its direction twice at:

* {{rws|Sawai Madhopur Junction}}
* {{rws|Sambalpur Junction}}

== See also ==

* [[Bilaspur - Bikaner Express]]

== References ==
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/bikaner-puri-express-14709/18898/117/217 20471/Shri Ganganagar - Puri Express]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/puri-bikaner-express-14710/18709/217/117 20472/Puri - Shri Ganganagar Express]

{{Railways in Western India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bikaner - Puri Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Bikaner]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Puri]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2013]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:2013 establishments in India]]

{{India-express-train-stub}}