Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

International Conference on Communications

2026-05-26T17:59:00Z

Ledx: made new stub

{{Short description|IEEE annual conference series on telecommunications}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{l2l|date=March 2017}}
{{Primary sources|date=July 2020}}
}}
The '''International Conference on Communications''' ('''ICC''') is an annual international [[academic conference]] organised by the [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]]' [[IEEE Communications Society|Communications Society]]. The conference grew out of the [[Global Communications Conference]] (GLOBECOM) when, in 1965, the seventh GLOBECOM was sponsored by the Communications Society's predecessor as the "IEEE Communications Convention". The following year it adopted its current name and GLOBECOM was disbanded (it has since been revived).<ref name="history">{{cite web|url=http://www.comsoc.org/socstr/documents/chapmanual/cm_1_2.html |title=IEEE Communications Society — History |publisher=IEEE Communications Society |access-date=2006-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312124208/http://www.comsoc.org/socstr/documents/chapmanual/cm_1_2.html |archive-date=March 12, 2005 }}</ref> The conference was held in the [[United States]] until 1984 when it was held in [[Amsterdam]];<ref name="history" /> it has since been held in several other countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.comsoc.org/confs/icc/index.html|title=ICC|publisher=IEEE Communications Society|access-date=2006-03-22}}</ref>

Some major telecommunications discoveries have been announced at ICC, such as the invention of [[turbo code]]s.<ref>{{cite conference|title=Near Shannon limit error-correcting coding: turbo codes|author1=Berrou, C. |author2=Glavieux, A. |author3=Thitimajshima, P. |book-title=Proc. IEEE International Conference on Communications|date=May 1993|pages=1064–1070|volume=2|doi=10.1109/ICC.1993.397441|isbn=0-7803-0950-2}}</ref> In fact, this ground breaking paper had been submitted to ICC the previous year, but was rejected by the referees who thought the results too good to be true.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Turbo-codes: the ultimate error control codes? (In particular, Section 2, pg. 156)|url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/945440|author=Alister Burr|journal= Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal|date=August 2001|volume=13|issue=4|pages=155–165|issn=0954-0695|doi=10.1049/ecej:20010402|doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |url-access=subscription}}{{dead link|date=July 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Recent{{when|date=July 2020}} ICCs have been attended by 2500–3000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapps1.ieee.org/conferenceSearch/details.do?tagNo=8845|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040414145902/http://webapps1.ieee.org/conferenceSearch/details.do?tagNo=8845|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 14, 2004|title=ICC 2004 details|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2006-03-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://webapps1.ieee.org/conferenceSearch/details.do?tagNo=9490|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050309053525/http://webapps1.ieee.org/conferenceSearch/details.do?tagNo=9490|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 9, 2005|title=ICC 2005 details|publisher=IEEE|access-date=2006-03-22}}</ref>

== Conferences ==
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 100%" align="center" width:"100%"
!colspan=8|History of the ICC conference
|-
! width="40"| Year !! width="150"|City !! width="200"|Country !! width="225"|Date
|-
| 2029 || [[Paris]] || France ||
|-
|-
| 2028 || [[Chengdu]] || China ||
|-
|-
| 2027 || [[Washington, D.C.]] || United States || 30 May–3 June
|-
| 2026 || [[Glasgow]] || United Kingdom || 24-28 May
|-
| [https://icc2025.ieee-icc.org/ 2025] || [[Montreal]] || Canada || 7-13 June
|-
| [https://icc2024.ieee-icc.org/ 2024] || [[Denver]] || United States || 9-13 June
|-
| [https://icc2023.ieee-icc.org/ 2023] || [[Rome]] || Italy || 28 May-1 June
|-
| [https://icc2022.ieee-icc.org/ 2022] || [[Seoul]] || South Korea || 16–20 May
|-
| 2021 || [[Montreal]] || Canada || 14–18 June
|-
| [http://icc2020.ieee-icc.org/ 2020] || [[Dublin]] || Ireland || 7–11 June
|-
| [http://icc2019.ieee-icc.org/ 2019] || [[Shanghai]] || China || 20–24 May
|-
| [http://icc2018.ieee-icc.org/ 2018] || [[Kansas City]] || United States || 20–24 May
|-
| [http://icc2017.ieee-icc.org/ 2017] || [[Paris]] || France || 21–25 May
|-
| [http://icc2016.ieee-icc.org/ 2016] || [[Kuala Lumpur]] || Malaysia || 23–27 May
|-
| [http://icc2015.ieee-icc.org/ 2015] || [[London]] || United Kingdom || 8–12 June
|-
| [http://icc2014.ieee-icc.org/ 2014] || [[Sydney]] || Australia || 10–14 June
|-
| [http://icc2013.ieee-icc.org/ 2013] || [[Budapest]] || Hungary || 9–13 June
|-
| [http://www.ieee-icc.org/2012 2012] || [[Ottawa]] || Canada || 10–15 June
|-
| 2011 || [[Kyoto]] || Japan || 5–9 June
|-
| 2010 || [[Cape Town]] || South Africa || 23–27 May
|-
| 2009 || [[Dresden]] || Germany || 14–18 June
|-
| 2008 || [[Beijing]] || China || 19–23 May
|-
| 2007 || [[Glasgow]] || United Kingdom || 24–28 June
|-
| 2006 || [[Istanbul]] || Turkey || 11–15 June
|-
| 2005 || [[Seoul]] || Korea || 16–20 May
|-
| 2004 || [[Paris]] || France || 20–24 June
|-
| 2003 || [[Anchorage, Alaska]] || United States || 11–15 May
|-
| 2002 || [[New York City]] || United States || 28 April - 2 May
|-
| 2001 || [[Helsinki]] || Finland || 11–14 June
|-
| 2000 || [[New Orleans]] || United States || 18–22 June
|-
| 1999 || [[Vancouver]] || Canada || 6–10 June
|-
| 1998 || [[Atlanta]] || United States || 7–11 June
|-
| 1997 || [[Montreal]] || Canada || 8–12 June
|-
| 1996 || [[Dallas]] || United States || 23–27 June
|-
| 1995 || [[Seattle]] || United States || 18–22 June
|-
| 1994 || [[New Orleans]] || United States || 1–5 May
|-
| 1993 || [[Geneva]] || Switzerland || 23–26 May
|-
| 1992 || [[Chicago]] || United States || 14–18 June
|-
| 1991 || [[Denver]] || United States || 23–26 June
|-
| 1990 || [[Atlanta]] || United States || 16-19 April
|-
| 1989 || [[Boston]] || United States || 11-14 June
|-
| 1988 || [[Philadelphia]] || United States || 12-15 June
|-
| 1987 || [[Seattle]] || United States || 7-10 June
|-
| 1986 || [[Toronto]] || Canada || 22-25 June
|-
| 1985 || [[Chicago]] || United States || 23–26 June
|-
| 1984 || [[Amsterdam]] || The Netherlands || 14-17 May
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{IEEE conferences}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:IEEE conferences]]
[[Category:Telecommunication conferences]]
[[Category:Computer networking conferences]]

Daman

2026-05-04T05:46:03Z

Ledx:

{{wikt|daman|Daman|damán|dã man}}
'''Daman''' may refer to:
{{TOC right}}

==Places==
*[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]], a union territory in India
**[[Daman and Diu (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
**[[Daman and Diu]], former union territory of India, now part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
**[[Goa, Daman and Diu]], former union territory of India, divided into Goa and Daman and Diu
**[[Daman district, India]]
***[[Daman, India]], a city in India
***[[Daman taluka]], a taluka (subdistrict) of Daman district
*[[Daman District, Afghanistan]]
*[[Daman, Afghanistan]], a village
*[[Daman, Nepal]], a village
*[[Dammam]], a city in Saudi Arabia
*[[Damaan Valley]] (Daman valley), a valley in Pakistan

==People==
*[[Saint Daman]], Irish Christian saint
*[[Damara people]], also known as the Daman, an ethnic group in Namibia
*[[Heshana Khan]] (died 619), personal name Ashina Daman, a khan of the Western Turkic Khaganate
*[[Daman Hongren]] (601-674), Chinese Buddhist patriarch
*[[Rick Daman]], Dutch sprint canoer
*[[Ustad Daman]] (1911-1984), real name Chiragh Deen, Punjabi poet and mystic
*[[William Daman]] (died 1591), musician in England

==Other uses==
*[[Daman Indo-Portuguese language]], spoken in Daman, India
*''[[Daaman]]'', an Indian TV series
*[[Daman (2001 film)|''Daman'' (2001 film)]], Indian Hindi-language film starring Raveena Tandon
* [[DAMaN (2022 film)|''Daman'' (2022 film)]], Indian Odia-language film starring Babushaan Mohanty and Dipanwit Dashmohapatra
*[[Daman, National Health Insurance Company]], Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
*[[Battle of Dasman Palace]], also called the Battle of Daman, fought on August 2–3, 1990, during the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
*[[Cyclone Daman]], December 2007
* Daman, a term used in some Bible translations for the [[rock hyrax]]

==See also==
*[[Daman District (disambiguation)]]
*[[Damao (disambiguation)]]
*[[Doman (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|geo|surname}}

Kalachuris of Mahishmati

2026-04-29T07:40:05Z

Ledx: created a post

{{Short description|Early Medieval dynasty in central India (550–625)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Kalachuri
| life_span = 550–625
| image_map = Map of the Early Kalachuris.png
| image_map_caption = Map of the Kalachuris of Mahishmati circa 600 CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schwartzberg |first1=Joseph E. |title=A Historical atlas of South Asia |date=1978 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |page=146, map XIV.2 (b)|isbn=0226742210 |url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/reference/schwartzberg/query.py?display_type=image_display&object=183#gsc.tab=0}}</ref>
| map_width = 280px
| government_type = [[Monarchy]]
| leader1 = [[#Krishnaraja|Krishnaraja]]
| year_leader1 = 550–575
| leader2 = [[#Shankaragana|Shankaragana]]
| year_leader2 = 575–600
| leader3 = [[#Buddharaja|Buddharaja]]
| year_leader3 = 600–625
| title_leader = [[#History|King]]
| capital = [[Mahishmati]]
| p1 = Vakataka dynasty
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| common_languages = [[Sanskrit]]
| s1 = Chalukya dynasty
| today = [[India]]
| image_coat = Silver coin of Krishnaraja Kalachuri.jpg
| coa_size = 300px
| symbol_type = Silver coin of king Krishnaraja (r. c. 550–575) of the Kalachuri dynasty, on the model of the [[Western Satraps]].
}}

The '''Kalachuris of Mahismati''', or the '''Early Kalachuris''', were an [[Medieval India|early medieval Indian]] [[dynasty]] that ruled present-day [[Maharashtra]], as well as parts of mainland [[Gujarat]] and southern [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Their capital was located at [[Mahishmati]]. Epigraphic and numismatic evidence suggests that the earliest of the [[Ellora Caves|Ellora]] and [[Elephanta Caves|Elephanta]] cave monuments were built during the Kalachuri rule.

The origin of the dynasty is uncertain. In the 6th century, the Kalachuris gained control of the territories formerly ruled by the [[Gupta Empire|Guptas]], the [[Vakataka]]s and the [[Vishnukundina]]s. Only three Kalachuri kings are known from inscriptional evidence: Shankaragana, Krishnaraja, and Buddharaja. The Kalachuris lost their power to the [[Chalukyas of Vatapi]] in the 7th century. One theory connects the later Kalachuri dynasties of [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Tripuri]] and [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Kalyani]] to the Kalachuris of Mahishmati.

== Origin==
The origin of the Kalachuris is uncertain.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}} In inscriptions, they are variously known as Kalachuri, Kalatsuri, and Katatchuri.<ref>P. 124 ''History and Culture of South India, to 1336 A.D.'' By H. V. Sreenivasa Murthy</ref> Some historical records — such as the 7th-8th century records of their southern neighbours, the [[Chalukyas of Vatapi|Chalukyas]] also call them Haihayas although the Kalachuris of Mahishmati do not call themselves by this name in any of their extant records. It is possible that Kalachuris came to be known as Haihayas simply because their capital was [[Mahishmati]], which — according to [[Puranas|Puranic]] tradition — had been established by Haihaya ruler Mahismanta.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=2-3}} According to [[R. C. Majumdar|RC Majumdar]], Kalachuris used the era of 248-249 CE, which later was called Chedi Era, however they seem to have adopted that era after the conquest of [[Lata (region)|Lata]] and [[Nashik division|Nashik]] region. This is suggested by the use of Gupta era in earlier grants.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Rajiv kumar |title=Feudal social formation in early mediaeval India |date=2002 |publisher=Anamika |isbn=9788179750155 |pages=19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Rajiv kumar |title=Feudal Social Formation in Early Medieval India: A Study of Kalachuris of Tripuri |date=2002 |publisher=Anamika |isbn=9788179750155 |pages=19}}</ref>{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=2-3}} The later Kalachuris of Tripuri called themselves Haihayas, and traced their ancestry to the legendary [[Haihaya]] ruler [[Kartavirya Arjuna]].{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=2}}

Some earlier scholars, such as [[D.R. Bhandarkar]], proposed a foreign origin for the Kalachuris. For example, Bhandarkar argues that according to the Puranic tradition, the Haihayas took help from foreign-origin tribes such as the [[Shakas]], the [[Yavanas]], and the [[Khasas]]. Bhandarkar therefore presumes that the Haihayas (from whom the Kalachuris claimed origin) were also a foreign tribe. Later scholars have rejected this theory.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=2-3}}

== Territory ==
<mapframe text="[[Find spot]]s of the inscriptions issued by the Kalachuris of Mahishmati (map of India){{sfn|Om Prakash Misra|2003|p=13}}{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=6}}" width="300" height="350" zoom="5" longitude="74.91" latitude="22.03" align="right">
{
"type": "FeatureCollection",
"features": [
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Abhona]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.9271644, 20.4796816] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Sankheda]]", "description": "Also known as Sankhera" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.5814967, 22.1715494] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Sarsavani]]", "description": "Also known as Sarsavni" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [73.2352525, 20.7275464] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "monument", "title": "[[Vadner]]" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [74.5170319, 19.4478632] }
},
{
"type": "Feature",
"properties": { "marker-symbol": "star", "title": "[[Mahishmati]]", "description": "No Kalachuri inscriptions have been found at Mahishmati, but literary evidence suggests that it was the dynasty's capital.", "comment": "Mandhata; Maheshwar is fairly close", "marker-color": "000080" },
"geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [76.1522879, 22.2507773] }
}
]
}
</mapframe>
According to the Kalachuri inscriptions, the dynasty controlled [[Abhona]], [[Sankheda]], [[Sarsavani]] and [[Vadner]]. Literary references suggest that their capital was located at [[Mahishmati]] in the [[Malwa]] region.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

The dynasty also controlled [[Vidarbha]], where they succeeded the [[Vakataka]] and the [[Vishnukundina]] dynasties.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

In addition, the Kalachuris conquered northern [[Konkan]] (around [[Elephanta Caves|Elephanta]]) by the mid-6th century. Here, they succeeded the [[Traikutaka dynasty]].{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

The second Kalachuri king [[Shankaragana]] took control over [[Ujjain]] around 597 from [[Mahasenagupta]] of Malwa. Around 608, the third Kalachuri king Buddharaja took control over [[Vidisha]], following the end of [[later Gupta]] rule in Malwa after the defeat of [[Devagupta]] of Malwa by [[Rajyavardhana]] of Kannauj in 605.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

== History ==

=== Krishnaraja ===

Krishnaraja (r. c. 550-575) is the earliest known Kalachuri ruler, and probably established the dynasty with its capital at Mahishmati. The political situation in the region around 550 CE likely favoured him: the death of [[Yashodharman]] left a political vacuum in [[Malwa]], the [[Vakataka]] rule had ended in [[Maharashtra]], and the [[Maitraka]] power was declining in [[Gujarat]].{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=4}}

==== Coins of Krishnaraja ====

Krishnaraja's coins have been found at several places from Rajasthan in north to [[Satara district]] in the south, and from [[Mumbai]] ([[Salsette Island|Salsette]]) in the west to [[Amaravati district]] in the east. These coins seem to have remained in circulation for nearly 150 years after his death, as evident from the 710-711 CE (Kalachuri year 461) [[Anjaneri]] copper plate inscription of Bhogashakti, which calls them "Krishnaraja-rupaka". Therefore, it is not certain if Krishnaraja's rule extended over this entire territory, or if these coins traveled to distant places after his death.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=4}}

Krishnaraja's extant coins are all of silver, round in shape, and 29 [[grain (unit)|grains]] in weight. They imitate the design of the coins issued by the earlier dynasties including the [[Western Kshatrapas]], the [[Traikutakas]], and the [[Gupta dynasty|Guptas]]. The obverse features a bust of the king facing right, and the reverse features a figure of [[Nandi (Hinduism)|Nandi]], the bull ''[[vahana]]'' of the Hindu god [[Shiva]].{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=4}} The Nandi design is based on the coins issued by the Gupta king [[Skandagupta]].{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

A [[Brahmi script]] legend describing the king as a devotee of Shiva (''Parama-maheshvara'') surrounds the Nandi figure on his coins.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=4}} An inscription of his son Shankaragana also describes him as a devotee of Pashupati (an aspect of Shiva) since his birth.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}} Historical evidence suggests that he may have commissioned the Shaivite monuments at the [[Elephanta Caves]] and the earliest of the [[Brahmanism|Brahmanical]] caves at [[Ellora]], where his coins have been discovered.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|pp=9-10}}{{sfn|Geri Hockfield Malandra|1993|p=6}}{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

=== Shankaragana ===
[[File:Kalachuri Feudatories in Malwa and Vidarbha King Kalahasila Circa AD 575-610.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of King Kalahasila, a Kalachuri feudatory. Circa (575-610).]]

Krishnaraja's son Shankaragana ruled during c. 575–600 CE.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=4}} He is the earliest ruler of the dynasty to be attested by inscriptions from his own reign, which were issued from Ujjain and Nirgundipadraka.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} He is thought{{by whom|date=December 2024}} to have warred against the king [[Mahasenagupta]] who ruled Malwa after having been ridden of the rest of his empire in Magadha by the king of Kannauj.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

Shankaragana's 597 CE (Kalachuri Era 347) inscription, found at [[Abhona]] and issued from his camp at Ujjayini (present-day Ujjain),{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=4-5}} is the earliest epigraphic record of the Kalachuri dynasty.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} It records his grant of a land in Bhoga-vardhana (present-day [[Bhokardan]]) to a [[Brahmin]] from Kallivana (in present-day [[Nashik district]]).{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}} This suggests that Shankaragana invaded the Malwa kingdom of the [[Later Gupta]] king Mahasenagupta, who likely moved to [[Vidisha]] during this period.{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}

The Abhona inscription describes Shankaragana as the lord of a vast territory extending from the [[Arabian Sea|western ocean]] to [[Bay of Bengal|eastern ocean]]. Another inscription, found at [[Sankheda|Sankhera]] and issued by Shankaragana's military officer Shantilla from his "victorious camp" at Nirgundipadraka (in present-day central [[Gujarat]]). This confirms that Gujarat on the western coast was part of his territory. He adopted the titles of the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] emperor [[Skandagupta]], which suggests that he conquered western [[Malwa]], which was formerly under the Gupta authority.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} Abhona is in present-day Maharashtra, which suggests that his empire extended from [[Malwa]] in the north to northern [[Maharashtra]] in the south.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}}

Like his father, Shankaragana described himself as a ''Parama-Maheshvara'' (devotee of Shiva).{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} According to [[K. P. Jayaswal]], king Gana-shankara mentioned in the 8th century text ''[[Mañjuśrī-mūla-kalpa|Arya-manju-shri-mula-kalpa]]'', may be identified with the Kalachuri king Shankara-gana.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}}

=== Buddharaja ===

Buddharaja succeeded his father Shankaragana around 600 CE, and is the last known ruler of the early Kalachuri dynasty.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}}{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}}

During Buddharaja's reign, the [[Chalukyas of Vatapi|Chalukya]] king [[Mangalesha]] attacked the Kalachuri kingdom from the south. Mangalesha's [[Mahakuta group of temples|Mahakuta]] and [[Nerur, Maharashtra|Nerur]] inscriptions record his victory over the Kalachuris.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}} The invasion did not result in a complete conquest,{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} as evident by Buddharaja's 609-610 CE (360 [[Kalachuri Era|KE]]) [[Vadner Bhairao|Vadner]] and 610-611 CE (361 KE) [[Sarsavani]] grants, described as having been issued from his "victorious" camps at [[Vidisha]] and [[Vadnagar|Anandapura]] respectively. The Vadner-Vidisha inscription records the grant of a village situated in the Vata-nagara (modern Vadner) subdivision, while the Sarsavani-Anandapura inscription records the grant of a village in the present-day [[Bharuch district|Bharuch]] area. The inscriptions, issued around two and a half month apart, indicate that the Buddharaja controlled the territory between Anandapura in the east to Vidisha in the west, and that the king had to march from Vidisha to Anandapura during this period.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=5-6}} This suggests that Budharaja had taken control over Malwa in 608 that had earlier been under the rule of the [[Later Gupta]] king [[Devagupta]] who was defeated by [[Rajyavardhana]] of Kannauj.<ref name=malwa>{{cite book|quote=Mahasenagupta, therefore, retired to Malava where too his power was questioned by the Kalachuri King, Sankaragana. The Later Gupta ruler was pushed eastwards to Vidisa where he spent the rest of his days until his death in A.D. 601. The Kalachuris occupied Vidisa in A.D. 608-9 and the Maitrakas Ujjain in A.D. 616-17.|author=Sailendra Nath Sen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|date=1999 |page=247|publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1198-0 }}</ref>

According to one theory, Mangalesha could not consolidate his gains against the Kalachuris because of rebellions, first by his subordinate Svamiraja and then by Pulakeshin II.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=5}} Buddharaja probably lost his sovereignty during a second Chalukya invasion, by Mangalesha,{{sfn|Durga Prasad Dikshit|1980|p=57}} or by his nephew [[Pulakeshin II]].{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}} According to one theory, Mangalesha was the Chalukya ruler responsible for ending the Kalachuri power as his inscriptions mention his victory over the Kalachuris, while no inscriptions credit Pulakeshin with this achievement.{{sfn|Durga Prasad Dikshit|1980|p=57}} According to another theory, Pulakeshin's [[Aihole inscription]] alludes to his victory over Buddharaja: the inscription states that Pulakeshin conquered [[Konkan]]a and the "three Maharashtras", which probably refers to the territories of the Kalachuris and their feudatories. The unnamed adversary referred to in this inscription may have been Buddharaja.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=6}}

By 630 CE, the [[Nashik district|Nashik]] area - formerly part of the Kalachuri kingdom - was under Chalukya control, as Pulakeshin's inscription records his village grants in this region. This suggests that the Buddharaja's reign ended sometime before 630 CE.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=6}}

The Chinese traveler [[Xuanzang]], who visited India during c. 639–645 CE, describes a king named [[Shiladitya of Malwa|Shiladitya]] as the ruler of the [[Malwa]] region in central India. Based on this, some scholars have theorized that the [[Maitraka]] king [[Maitraka dynasty#Śīlāditya I|Shiladitya I]] alias Dharmaditya conquered Malwa from Buddharaja. However, a large numbers of scholars dispute this theory in absence of concrete evidence.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=6}}

Like his father and grandfather, Buddharaja described himself as a ''Parama-Maheshvara'' (devotee of Shiva). His queen Ananta-Mahayi belonged to the [[Pashupata Shaivism|Pashupata sect]].{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}}

=== Descendants ===

No concrete information is available about the successors of Buddharaja, but it is possible that the Kalachuris continued to rule at Mahishmati. A 687 CE inscription of the Chalukya king [[Vinayaditya of Vatapi|Vinayaditya]] suggests that the Kalachuris had become Chalukya feudatories by this time. The Chalukya inscriptions suggest that the two dynasties may have established matrimonial relations in the later years.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|pp=6-7}}

An inscription issued by a prince named Taralasvamin was found at Sankheda (where one of Shankaragana's grants was also found). This inscription describes Taralasvamin as a devotee of Shiva, and his father [[Maharaja]] Nanna as a member of the "Katachchuri" family. The inscription is dated to the year 346 of an unspecified era. Assuming the era as Kalachuri era, Taralasvamin would have been a contemporary of Shankaragana. However, Taralasvamin and Nanna are not mentioned in other Kalachuri records. Also, unlike other Kalachuri inscriptions, the date in this inscription is mentioned in decimal numbers. Moreover, some expressions in the inscription appear to have been borrowed from the 7th century Sendraka inscriptions. Because of these evidences, [[V. V. Mirashi]] considered Taralasvamin's inscription as a spurious one.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|pp=10-11}}

V. V. Mirashi connected the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]] to the early Kalachuri dynasty. He theorizes that the early Kalachuris moved their capital from Mahishmati to [[Kalanjara]], and from there to Tripuri.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1974|p=376}}

== Cultural contributions ==

=== Elephanta ===
[[File:Elephanta Caves (27737333312).jpg|thumb|[[Elephanta Caves]]]]
The [[Elephanta Caves]] which contain [[Shaivite]] monuments are located along the [[Konkan]] coast, on the [[Elephanta Island]] near [[Mumbai]]. Historical evidence suggests that these monuments are associated with Krishnaraja, who was also a Shaivite.{{sfn|Geri Hockfield Malandra|1993|p=6}}

The Kalachuris appear to have been the rulers of the Konkan coast, when some of the Elephanta monuments were built.{{sfn|Geri Hockfield Malandra|1993|p=6}} Silver coins of Krishnaraja have been found along the Konkan coast, on the [[Salsette Island]] (now part of Mumbai) and in the [[Nashik district]].{{sfn|Geri Hockfield Malandra|1993|p=6}} Around 31 of his copper coins have been found on the Elephanta Island, which suggests that he was the patron of the main [[Elephanta Caves|cave temple]] on the island.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|pp=9-10}} According to numismatist Shobhana Gokhale, these low-value coins may have been used to pay the wages of the workers involved in the cave excavation.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=10}}

=== Ellora ===

[[File:Ellora, cave 29, Ravana shaking Mount Kailasa (9841650413).jpg|thumb|[[Ellora]] Cave No. 29]]
The earliest of the Hindu caves at [[Ellora]] appear to have been built during the Kalachuri reign, and possibly under Kalachuri patronage. For example, the Ellora Cave No. 29 shows architectural and iconographic similarities with the Elephanta Caves.{{sfn|Geri Hockfield Malandra|1993|p=6}} The earliest coin found at [[Ellora]], in front of Cave No. 21 (Rameshvara), was issued by Krishnaraja.{{sfn|Charles Dillard Collins|1988|p=9}}

== Rulers ==

The following are the known rulers of the Kalachuri dynasty of Malwa with their estimated reigns ([[IAST]] names in brackets):{{sfn|Ronald M. Davidson|2012|p=37}}

* Krishnaraja (Kṛṣṇarāja), r. c. 550–575 CE
* Shankaragana (Śaṃkaragaṇa), r. c. 575–600 CE
* Buddharaja (Buddharāja), r. c. 600–625 CE

== See also ==
* [[Abhira era|Kalachuri Era]] founded by [[Ishwarsena]], used by the Kalachuris and so named after them
* [[Abhira people|Abhira]]
* [[Elephanta Caves|Elephanta Cave]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Charles Dillard Collins |title=The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pQNi6kAGJQ4C |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1988 |isbn=9780887067730 }}
* {{cite book |author=Durga Prasad Dikshit |title=Political History of the Chālukyas of Badami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lEB11tKmCgcC&pg=PA152 |year=1980 |publisher=Abhinav |oclc=8313041 }}
* {{cite book |author=Geri Hockfield Malandra |title=Unfolding A Mandala: The Buddhist Cave Temples at Ellora |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MU44LPu3mbUC |publisher=SUNY Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780791413555 }}
* {{cite book |author=Om Prakash Misra |title=Archaeological Excavations in Central India: Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o0ISjDDWJwQC&pg=PA16 |year=2003 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-874-7}}
* {{cite book |author=R. K. Sharma |title=The Kalachuris and their times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iK0BAAAAMAAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Sundeep |oclc=7816720 }}
* {{cite book |author=Ronald M. Davidson |title=Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nwyeIyWTlEMC |isbn=9780231501026 }}
* {{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |author-link=Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi |title=Bhavabhuti |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1974 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLGgZOzTYzsC&pg=PA376 |isbn=9788120811805 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Kalachuri Empire}}
*[http://coinindia.com/galleries-kalachuri-mahismati.html Coins of the Early Kalachuris]

{{Medieval India}}

[[Category:6th-century establishments in India]]
[[Category:7th-century disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in the 7th century]]
[[Category:History of Gujarat]]

2024 Indian general election

2026-04-27T03:41:46Z

Ledx: minor cleaned up details as per guidelines and improved wording

{{Short description|none}} 
{{Pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 2024 Indian general election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2019 Indian general election
| previous_year = 2019
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 17th Lok Sabha
| election_date = {{start and end dates|2024|04|19|2024|06|01|df=yes}}
| elected_members = List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha
| next_election = Next Indian general election
| next_year = ''Next''
| seats_for_election = All 543 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 272
| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election
| registered = 977,965,560<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2005189 |title=Largest electorate for General Elections – over 96.88 crore electors registered across the country |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=3 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503214953/https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2005189 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| turnout = 66.1% ({{decrease}} 1.3 [[Percentage point|pp]])
| 1blank = Alliance seats
| 2blank = Seat change
| 3blank = Alliance percentage

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Shri Narendra Modi, Prime Minister of India (3x4 cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| alliance1 = National Democratic Alliance
| leaders_seat1 = [[Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency|Varanasi]]
| last_election1 = 37.36%, 303 seats
| seats1 = '''240'''
| seat_change1 = {{decrease}} 63
| popular_vote1 = '''235,974,144'''
| percentage1 = '''36.56%'''
| swing1 = {{decrease}} 0.8 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| 1data1 = '''293'''
| 2data1 = {{decrease}} 60
| 3data1 = '''42.5%'''

| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mallikarjun Kharge briefing the media after presenting the Interim Railway Budget 2014-15 in New Delhi (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| alliance2 = Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance
| leaders_seat2 = ''Did not contest''{{efn|[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Member]] of [[Rajya Sabha]] from [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Karnataka|Karnataka]].}}
| last_election2 = 19.49%, 52 seats
| seats2 = 99
| seats_needed2 = {{increase}} 221
| seat_change2 = {{increase}} 47
| popular_vote2 = 136,758,952
| percentage2 = 21.19%
| swing2 = {{increase}} 1.7 [[Percentage point|pp]]
| 1data2 = 234
| 2data2 = ''New'' 
| 3data2 = 40.6%

| map_image = {{Switcher|[[File:2024 Indian general election results by constituency (party-wise).svg|300px]]|Results by party|[[File:2024 Indian general election results by constituency (alliance-wise).svg|300px]]|Results by alliance|[[File:2024 Indian General Election.svg|300px]]|Results by alliance (vote strength)}}

| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| before_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| before_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| posttitle = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] after election
| after_election = [[Narendra Modi]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}

[[General elections]] were held in [[Elections in India|India]] from [[2024 elections in India|19 April to 1 June 2024]] in seven phases, to elect all [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|543 members]] of the [[Lok Sabha]].{{efn|Repolling at one booth each in the [[Barasat Lok Sabha constituency|Barasat]] and [[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mathurapur]] constituencies of West Bengal were held on 3 June due to violence.}} Votes were counted and the result was declared on 4 June to form the [[18th Lok Sabha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/indias-narendra-modi-declares-victory-despite-election-blow.html|title=India's Narendra Modi declares victory despite election blow|first=Matt|last=Clinch|publisher=CNBC|date=4 June 2024|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604213407/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/04/indias-narendra-modi-declares-victory-despite-election-blow.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/india-general-election-results-06-04-24-intl-hnk/index.html|title=India decides: Modi declares victory in election but his party faces shock losses|first1=Rhea|last1=Mogul|first2=Jessie|last2=Yeung|first3=Diksha|last3=Madhok|first4=Antoinette|last4=Radford|publisher=CNN|date=4 June 2024|access-date=4 June 2024|archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604051935/https://www.cnn.com/asia/live-news/india-general-election-results-06-04-24-intl-hnk/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 June 2024, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] confirmed the support of 293 MPs to [[Droupadi Murmu]], the [[president of India]].<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/president-droupadi-murmu-invites-pm-narendra-modi-form-nda-government-2550435-2024-06-07|title=President invites Narendra Modi to form government, oath ceremony on June 9|date=7 June 2024 |access-date=9 June 2024|archive-date=9 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609071049/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/president-droupadi-murmu-invites-pm-narendra-modi-form-nda-government-2550435-2024-06-07|url-status=live}}</ref> This marked Modi's third term as prime minister and his first time heading a [[coalition government]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/president-appoints-narendra-modi-as-pm-designate-oath-on-sunday-evening/ar-BB1nOO8x|title=President appoints Narendra Modi as PM-designate; oath on Sunday evening|publisher=[[MSN]]|access-date=9 June 2024|archive-date=10 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610075648/https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/India/president-appoints-narendra-modi-as-pm-designate-oath-on-sunday-evening/ar-BB1nOO8x|url-status=live}}</ref> with the [[Telugu Desam Party]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]] of [[Bihar]] emerging as two main allies.<ref name="Ellis-Petersen">{{cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=5 June 2024 |title=Narendra Modi wins backing of allies to form Indian government |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/05/narendra-modi-wins-backing-of-allies-to-form-indian-government |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606000854/https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/05/narendra-modi-wins-backing-of-allies-to-form-indian-government |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sinha |first=Shishir |date=5 June 2024 |title=NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=BusinessLine |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605153429/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 June 2024 |title=From 'CEO CM' to kingmaker: You can't write off N. Chandrababu Naidu |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/from-ceo-cm-to-kingmaker-you-cant-write-off-n-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/110772110.cms?from=mdr |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607154946/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/from-ceo-cm-to-kingmaker-you-cant-write-off-n-chandrababu-naidu/articleshow/110772110.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

More than 968 million people out of a population of 1.4 billion people were eligible to vote, equivalent to 70 percent of the total population.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Lok Sabha elections of 2024 |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Indian-Lok-Sabha-elections-of-2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601151206/https://www.britannica.com/event/Indian-Lok-Sabha-elections-of-2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Mogul |first=Rhea |date=16 March 2024 |title=Date set for largest democratic election in human history |url=https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/india/india-election-date-intl/index.html |access-date=18 March 2024 |work=CNN|archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421143855/https://www.cnn.com/2024/03/16/india/india-election-date-intl/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=India's 2024 General Election: What to Know |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=16 March 2024 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/16/world/asia/india-2024-election.html |first=Mujib |last=Mashal |access-date=22 March 2024 |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421143846/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/16/world/asia/india-2024-election.html |url-status=live}}</ref> 642 million voters participated in the election; 312 million of these were women, the highest ever participation by women voters.<ref name="VT1">{{cite news |title=LS polls: EC reports record 642M voters, vows to combat fake narratives |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/ls-polls-ec-reports-record-642m-voters-vows-to-combat-fake-narratives-124060300625_1.html |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |date=3 June 2024 |access-date=10 June 2024 |archive-date=18 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718020819/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/ls-polls-ec-reports-record-642m-voters-vows-to-combat-fake-narratives-124060300625_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VT2">{{cite news |date=3 June 2024 |title=India created world record with 64.2 crore people voting in Lok Sabha polls: CEC Rajiv Kumar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/india-created-world-record-with-642-crore-people-voting-in-lok-sabha-polls-cec-rajiv-kumar/article68245789.ece |access-date=3 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603142426/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/india-created-world-record-with-642-crore-people-voting-in-lok-sabha-polls-cec-rajiv-kumar/article68245789.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> This was the largest-ever election, surpassing the [[2019 Indian general election|previous election]], and lasted 44 days, second only to the [[1951–52 Indian general election]]. The legislative assembly elections in the states of [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Andhra Pradesh]], [[2024 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|Arunachal Pradesh]], [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|Odisha]], and [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|Sikkim]] were held simultaneously with the general election, along with the [[2024 elections in India#Legislative Assembly by-elections|by-elections]] for 25 constituencies in 12 legislative assemblies.

Incumbent prime minister Narendra Modi, who completed a [[Second Modi ministry|second term]], ran for a third consecutive term. His [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) had enjoyed an [[absolute majority]]—a minimum of 272 seats—in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] and [[2019 Indian general election|2019 elections]]. The primary opposition was the [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA), a coalition formed in 2023 by the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and many regional parties. The election was criticised for lack of action on hate speeches by Modi's BJP,<ref name="u255">{{cite web |title=20,000 citizens write to EC seeking action against Modi for hate speech |website=The News Minute |date=23 April 2024 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/20000-citizens-write-to-ec-seeking-action-against-modi-for-hate-speech |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430123812/https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/20000-citizens-write-to-ec-seeking-action-against-modi-for-hate-speech |url-status=live}}</ref> reported [[electronic voting machine]] (EVM) malfunctioning,<ref name="h953">{{cite web |title=Technical snags in EVMs disrupt polls in a few booths in Chennai |website=The Hindu |date=19 April 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/technical-snags-in-evms-disrupt-polls-in-a-few-booths-in-chennai/article68085334.ece |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423095315/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/technical-snags-in-evms-disrupt-polls-in-a-few-booths-in-chennai/article68085334.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="e533">{{cite web |title=SC asks EC to look into allegation of EVM malfunctioning in Kerala |website=Business Standard |date=18 April 2024 | url=https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/sc-asks-ec-to-look-into-allegation-of-evm-malfunctioning-in-kerala-124041800420_1.html |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425123926/https://www.business-standard.com/india-news/sc-asks-ec-to-look-into-allegation-of-evm-malfunctioning-in-kerala-124041800420_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> and suppression of political opponents of the BJP.<ref name="e827">{{cite web |last=Tiwari |first=Ayush |title=Varanasi poll: As 33 nominations are rejected, eight applicants allege that the process was rigged |website=Scroll.in |date=18 May 2024 |url=https://scroll.in/article/1068014/varanasi-poll-as-33-nominations-are-rejected-eight-applicants-allege-that-the-process-was-rigged |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602152924/https://scroll.in/article/1068014/varanasi-poll-as-33-nominations-are-rejected-eight-applicants-allege-that-the-process-was-rigged |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Opinion poll|Opinion surveys]] of mainstream media outlets projected a decisive victory for the BJP and its coalition, the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA). However, the BJP won 240 seats, down from the 303 it had secured in 2019, and lost its singular majority in the Lok Sabha, although the NDA overall secured 293 of the house's 543 seats.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sinha |first=Shishir |date=5 June 2024 |title=NDA elects Modi as leader, President dissolves Lok Sabha |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=BusinessLine |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605153429/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/elections/nda-elects-modi-as-leader-president-dissolves-lok-sabha/article68255830.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA coalition]] outperformed expectations, securing 234 seats, 99 of which were won by the Congress, garnering the party the official opposition status for the first time in 10 years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Aggarwal |first=Raghav |date=4 June 2024 |title=INDIA bloc's combined strength plays spoilsport for BJP in 2 biggest states |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |access-date=5 June 2024 |work=Business Standard |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151957/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/india-bloc-s-combined-strength-plays-spoilsport-for-bjp-in-2-biggest-states-124060401570_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839 |title=India hands PM Modi a surprise setback, with his majority in doubt in the world's largest election|first1=Mithil |last1=Aggarwai |first2=Janis Mackey |last2=Frayer |publisher=NBC News |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604151033/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/india-election-results-narendra-modi-rcna154839|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad |title=India's Narendra Modi Struggles to Hold On to Majority, Early Election Results Show |first1=Krishna |last1=Poharel |first2=Tripti |last2=Lahiri |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=3 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604115138/https://www.wsj.com/world/india/india-election-2024-nanendra-modi-6179abad |url-status=live}}</ref> Seven independents and ten candidates from non-aligned parties also won seats in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/7-independents-and-10-from-non-aligned-parties-book-ls-seats/articleshow/110748555.cms|title=7 Independents and 10 from non-aligned parties book LS seats|newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=6 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606160440/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/7-independents-and-10-from-non-aligned-parties-book-ls-seats/articleshow/110748555.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-meet-seven-candidates-who-won-as-independents-101717642425035.html|title=Lok Sabha elections: Meet seven candidates who won as independents|date=6 June 2024 |access-date=9 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608035949/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-meet-seven-candidates-who-won-as-independents-101717642425035.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/who-are-the-7-independents-elected-to-the-lok-sabha-9378312/|title=Who are the 7 independents elected to the Lok Sabha?|date=7 June 2024 |access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608054640/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/who-are-the-7-independents-elected-to-the-lok-sabha-9378312/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Background==

=== Contemporary politics and previous elections ===
India has a [[multi-party system]] with two major parties, namely the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) and the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC), that dominate politics at the national level. The BJP has governed the country with [[Narendra Modi]] at the helm since 2014. The tenure of the [[17th Lok Sabha]] was scheduled to end on 16 June 2024.<ref name="Terms of the Houses">{{cite web |title=Terms of the Houses |url=https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328103956/https://eci.gov.in/elections/term-of-houses/ |archive-date=28 March 2022 |access-date=13 February 2022 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref> The [[2019 Indian general election|previous general election]] was held in April–May 2019, after which the [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA), led by the BJP, formed the [[Government of India|union government]], with Modi continuing as [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]].<ref name="Narendra Modi">{{cite news|title=Narendra Modi sworn in as Prime Minister for second time|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/narendra-modi-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-for-second-time-780564|access-date=7 March 2022|work=[[Tribune India]]|date=30 May 2019|archive-date=7 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307123149/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/nation/narendra-modi-sworn-in-as-prime-minister-for-second-time-780564|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]], comprising 26 opposition parties, was formed in 2023 to compete against the NDA in the elections.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 July 2023 |title=Opposition names alliance INDIA in run-up to 2024 elections |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-indian-national-democratic-inclusive-alliance/articleshow/101856873.cms?from=mdr |access-date=5 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720164802/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/opposition-alliance-named-india-indian-national-democratic-inclusive-alliance/articleshow/101856873.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Electoral system ===
{{main|Elections in India}}
[[File:Chief Election Commissioner announced the 2024 General Elections schedule for Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies during a press conference.jpg|thumb|Chief Election Commissioner [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]] announced the schedule for the elections on 16 March 2024.]]
Article 83 of the [[Constitution of India]] requires elections to the Lok Sabha to be held once every five years.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Constitution of India Update |url=https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf |access-date=4 February 2021 |publisher=Government of India |archive-date=22 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422232838/https://www.india.gov.in/sites/upload_files/npi/files/coi_part_full.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> The 543 [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MPs]] are elected from single-member constituencies using [[first-past-the-post voting]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2145_B.htm|title=Electoral system|access-date=1 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506102836/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2145_B.htm|archive-date=6 May 2017|url-status=live|work=IPU}}</ref> The [[One Hundred and Fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India|104th amendment]] to the [[Constitution of India|constitution]] abolished the [[Anglo-Indian reserved seats in the Lok Sabha|two seats that were reserved]] for the [[Anglo-Indian]] community.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 January 2020 |title=House ratifies quota for SC/STs in Assembly, Lok Sabha|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/house-ratifies-quota-for-scsts-in-assembly-lok-sabha/article30529538.ece|access-date=19 January 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=12 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112150526/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/house-ratifies-quota-for-scsts-in-assembly-lok-sabha/article30529538.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indian citizens who are 18 years or older, ordinary residents of the polling area of the constituency and registered to vote (name included in the electoral rolls), possess a valid [[Voter ID (India)|voter identification card]] issued by the [[Election Commission of India]] or equivalent are eligible to vote.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019/news/lok-sabha-election-2019-phase-3-voting-how-to-vote-without-voter-id-card/story/339375.html|title=Lok Sabha Election 2019 Phase 3 voting: How to vote without voter ID card|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524095933/https://www.businesstoday.in/lok-sabha-elections-2019/news/lok-sabha-election-2019-phase-3-voting-how-to-vote-without-voter-id-card/story/339375.html |archive-date=24 May 2019|newspaper=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]]|date=23 April 2019}}</ref> People convicted of electoral or other offenses and prisoners, are barred from voting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ecisveep.nic.in/voters/general-voters/|title=General Voters|website=Systematic Voters' Education and Electoral Participation|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=4 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104180432/http://ecisveep.nic.in/voters/general-voters/|archive-date=4 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Overseas Citizen of India|Indians]] holding foreign citizenship are not eligible to vote in India. There is no postal or online [[absentee voting]] in India; members of the [[Indian diaspora]] are required to travel back to their home constituencies in order to cast a ballot.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/its-the-biggest-election-in-history-but-few-indians-in-canada-will-take-part|title=It's the biggest election in history, but few Indians in Canada will take part|newspaper=Montreal Gazette|date=18 April 2024|first=Chuck|last=Chiang|access-date=18 April 2024|archive-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419065340/https://montrealgazette.com/news/national/its-the-biggest-election-in-history-but-few-indians-in-canada-will-take-part|url-status=live}}</ref>

For the 2024 election, 968 million people were eligible to vote, an increase of about 150 million people from the 2019 election.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68573277 |title=India elections 2024: Vote to be held in seven stages |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=16 March 2024 |access-date=17 March 2024 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419065327/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68573277 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Arunachal Pradesh]], a polling station would be set up for the only registered voter in the village of Malogam, as electoral laws stipulate that voting booths need to be within {{convert|2|km|spell=in}} of any settlement.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/polling-officials-to-trek-39-km-for-lone-voter-in-arunachal-village/articleshow/108820936.cms |title=Polling officials to trek 39 km for lone voter in Arunachal village |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 March 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410054553/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/polling-officials-to-trek-39-km-for-lone-voter-in-arunachal-village/articleshow/108820936.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68678594 |title=India elections 2024: When are they, why do they matter and who can vote? |work=[[BBC]] |date=11 April 2024 |access-date=12 April 2024 |archive-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411191600/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68678594 |url-status=live }}</ref> A polling station was also set up inside the [[Gir Forest]] in [[Gujarat]] to cater for a single voter, a priest at a [[Hindu temple]].<ref>{{cite news |date=8 May 2024 |title=An election booth inside a forest in India – for just one voter |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/5/8/an-election-booth-inside-a-forest-in-india-for-just-one-voter |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508065911/https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2024/5/8/an-election-booth-inside-a-forest-in-india-for-just-one-voter |url-status=live }}</ref> Polling stations were also set up inside a wildlife sanctuary in [[Kerala]], in a shipping container in Gujarat, and 320 relief camps hosting nearly 59,000 people displaced during [[2023–2024 Manipur violence|violence]] in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Pathi |first=Krutika |date=15 April 2024 |title=India's national election will take place in phases over 44 days. Here's why it takes so long |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-election-2024-explainer-41d7aa3131dc0c7e0df1ea4be6b6a4c7 |access-date=15 April 2024 |work=ABP news |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407083655/https://apnews.com/article/india-election-2024-explainer-41d7aa3131dc0c7e0df1ea4be6b6a4c7 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Sharma |first=Ashok |date=19 April 2024 |title=India starts voting in the world's largest election as Modi seeks a third term as prime minister |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-election-voting-begins-7ea0983c9b7bc7506c8457f44afcfd64 |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419065326/https://apnews.com/article/india-election-voting-begins-7ea0983c9b7bc7506c8457f44afcfd64 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2024, the [[Supreme Court of India]] rejected a petition by the Congress party to end the usage of [[Electronic voting in India|electronic voting]] machines (EVMs) and revert to paper ballots and manual counting, which was the system used in elections until the late 1990s, with the party citing risks of electoral fraud.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/29/soul-of-the-king-can-indias-coming-elections-be-rigged |author=Kapoor, Sanjay|title=Can the vote be rigged? Ahead of India election, old debate gets new life |work=[[Al Jazeera]] |date=29 March 2024 |access-date=29 March 2024 |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329052731/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/29/soul-of-the-king-can-indias-coming-elections-be-rigged |url-status=live}}</ref> Nearly 5.5 million EVMs were utilized in more than one million polling stations with 15 million election workers and security personnel tasked with managing the conduct of the election.<ref>{{cite news |last=Jacinto |first=Leela |date=13 April 2024 |title=India's mammoth elections: Nearly a billion voters, 44 polling days |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240413-india-s-mammoth-elections-nearly-a-billion-voters-44-polling-days |access-date=13 April 2024 |work=France 24 |archive-date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413084940/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240413-india-s-mammoth-elections-nearly-a-billion-voters-44-polling-days |url-status=live}}</ref>

For the first time, the Election Commission of India allowed voters with disabilities and those over the age of 85 to cast ballots from their homes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/those-aged-85-years-and-above-can-vote-from-home-via-postal-ballot/article67984705.ece|title=Those aged 85 years and above can vote from home via postal ballot|date=23 March 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=19 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619163419/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/those-aged-85-years-and-above-can-vote-from-home-via-postal-ballot/article67984705.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Telangana]], voting in some areas was extended by an hour more to allow voters to come at a more convenient time.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mollan |first=Cherylann |date=7 May 2024 |title=Lok Sabha elections 2024: Millions brave searing heat to vote in India |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68963549 |access-date=7 May 2024 |work=[[BBC]] |archive-date=6 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506235149/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68963549 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Planning ===
Key processes during a Lok Sabha election involved monitoring campaign expenditure, preventing the circulation of illicit goods, and ensuring adherence to the [[Model Code of Conduct]]. In the final 48 hours before voting, campaigns are ceased, and measures are implemented to maintain order and prevent disruptions. On polling day, strict rules are enforced to prevent undue influence and ensure a secure and free election process. After the elections, EVMs are sealed and stored under tight security with Booth Level Officers assisting throughout the process.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 April 2024 |title=Experts Explain: Last 72 hours most crucial during elections, here's what happens behind the scenes |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/lok-sabha-elections-2024-last-72-hour-drill-9276747/ |access-date=19 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=18 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418181739/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/lok-sabha-elections-2024-last-72-hour-drill-9276747/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Schedule==
{{transcluded section|source=Election schedule of the 2024 Indian general election}}

[[File:2024 Lok Sabha Election Schedule.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|2024 Lok Sabha Election Schedule]]

{{trim|{{#Section-h:Election schedule of the 2024 Indian general election|Schedule}}}}

==Parties and alliances==
{{main|List of political parties in India}}

The politics of India became increasingly bipolar in the run-up to the 2024 Indian general elections with two major alliances emerging; the incumbent [[National Democratic Alliance]] (NDA) and the opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA). Six parties recognized as national parties contested the 2024 Indian general elections: the BJP, the INC, [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] (CPI(M)), [[Bahujan Samaj Party]] (BSP), [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]] (NPP) and [[Aam Aadmi Party]] (AAP) with all except the BSP being a part of one of the two alliances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1649-recognized-national-parties/|title=National parties|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=17 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317221447/https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/1649-recognized-national-parties/|url-status=live}}</ref> Apart from the national parties, regional parties (who are allotted fixed symbols) and other unrecognized parties and [[Independent politician|independents]] contested the election.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://ceodelhi.gov.in/eLearningv2/admin/HindiPDF/Parties_Symbols_Conditions.pdf|title=Parties and symbols|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2024|archive-date=21 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121171949/https://ceodelhi.gov.in/eLearningv2/admin/HindiPDF/Parties_Symbols_Conditions.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== National Democratic Alliance (NDA) ===
{{main|National Democratic Alliance}}
The NDA is a [[big tent]], mostly [[Centre-right politics|centre-right]] to [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] [[Parliamentary group|political alliance]] led by the BJP.
{{Transcluded section|List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election#Seat sharing summary}}
{{#section-h:List of National Democratic Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election|Seat sharing summary}}

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA) ===
{{Main article|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}

INDIA is a [[big tent]] bloc of [[Parliamentary opposition|opposition parties]], which came together to contest against the NDA.<ref>{{cite news|title=INDIA, Indian National Democratic Inclusive Alliance of Opposition parties, to take on Modi-led NDA in 2024|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-likely-to-be-the-new-name-of-united-opposition-front-latest-updates-congress-oppn-meeting-in-bengaluru-2023-07-18-881644|work=India TV|author=Kumar, Raju|date=18 July 2023|access-date=18 July 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718113248/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/india-likely-to-be-the-new-name-of-united-opposition-front-latest-updates-congress-oppn-meeting-in-bengaluru-2023-07-18-881644|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title='I-N-D-I-A' Name Finalised For 26-Party Opposition Coalition|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-n-d-i-a-name-being-considered-for-united-opposition-say-sources-4218025|work=[[NDTV]]|access-date=18 July 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718113558/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-n-d-i-a-name-being-considered-for-united-opposition-say-sources-4218025|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Transcluded section|List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election#Seat sharing summary}}
{{#section-h:List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election|Seat sharing summary}}

=== Other notable parties and alliances ===
BSP leader [[Mayawati]] announced that her party will contest the election on its own in most states and ally with other non-BJP, non-Congress parties in a few states.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nda-or-i-n-d-i-a-bsp-chief-mayawati-on-joining-alliance-for-2024-101689757806372.html|title=NDA or I.N.D.I.A? BSP chief Mayawati on joining alliance for 2024|access-date=23 July 2023|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|date=19 July 2023|archive-date=23 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723175558/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/nda-or-i-n-d-i-a-bsp-chief-mayawati-on-joining-alliance-for-2024-101689757806372.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 11 May 2023, [[Biju Janata Dal]] leader and then [[Chief Minister of Odisha]] [[Naveen Patnaik]] said that his party would go alone for the Lok Sabha polls in Odisha after talks with the BJP fell through.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bjd-to-go-solo-in-2024-lok-sabha-elections-no-possibility-of-third-front-naveen-patnaik/3084162/|title=BJD for going solo in 2024 Lok Sabha elections, no possibility of 'third front': Naveen Patnaik|date=12 May 2023|access-date=15 May 2023|newspaper=Financial Express|archive-date=15 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515033452/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/bjd-to-go-solo-in-2024-lok-sabha-elections-no-possibility-of-third-front-naveen-patnaik/3084162/|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sticky header}}
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable sticky-header defaultcenter" style="font-size: 90%"
! colspan="2" |Party/Alliance
!States/UTs
! colspan="2" |Seats contested
|-
!colspan=5| Recognised Parties
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=20}}
|Uttar Pradesh
|80
| rowspan="20" |424
|-
|West Bengal
|5
|-
|Bihar
|
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|39
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|6
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|25
|-
|Gujarat
|24
|-
|Rajasthan
|24
|-
|Karnataka
|21
|-
|Odisha
|
|-
|Kerala
|18
|-
|Telangana
|
|-
|Punjab
|
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|11
|-
|Delhi
|7
|-
|Uttarakhand
|5
|-
|Goa
|2
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|1
|-
|DNHDD
|1
|-
|Puducherry
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|rowspan=3}}
| Tamil Nadu
|34
|rowspan=3|36
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|1
|-
|Puducherry
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
|Andhra Pradesh
| colspan="2" |25
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal}}
|Odisha
| colspan="2"|21
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|Telangana
| colspan="2" |17
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}
|Punjab
| colspan="2"|
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|Telangana
| colspan="2" |15
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Lok Dal}}
|Haryana
| colspan="2" |
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party}}
|Jammu and Kashmir
| colspan="2" |
|-
|{{Full party name with color| Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam}}
|Tamil Nadu
| colspan="2" |5
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Bodoland People's Front}}
|Assam
| colspan="2" |4
|-
| {{Full party name with color|All India United Democratic Front}}
|[[Assam]]
| colspan="2" |3
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Revolutionary Goans Party}}
|Goa
| colspan="2" |2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Mizo National Front}}
|Mizoram
| colspan="2" |1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|Sikkim
| colspan="2" |1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}
|Meghalaya
| colspan="2|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)}}
|Meghalaya
| colspan="2" |1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Zoram People's Movement}}
|Mizoram
| colspan=2|1
|-
!colspan=5| Unrecognised parties
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|dab=yes|rowspan=14}}
|West Bengal
|
| rowspan="14" |
|-
|Karnataka
|19
|-
|Kerala
|8
|-
|Assam
|6
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|4
|-
|Delhi
|2
|-
|Gujarat
|2
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|2
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|1
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|1
|-
|Puducherry
|1
|-
|Rajasthan
|1
|-
|Tripura
|1
|-
|Uttarakhand
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Naam Tamilar Katchi|rowspan=2}}
|Tamil Nadu
|39
| rowspan="2" |40
|-
|Puduchery
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Gondwana Ganatantra Party|rowspan=3}}
|Madhya Pradesh
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|9
|-
|Maharashtra
|
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|rowspan=5}}
|Uttar Pradesh
|
| rowspan="5" |
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|
|-
|Rajsthan
|5
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|3
|-
|Delhi
|1
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi}}
|Maharashtra
| colspan="2" |
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Indian Secular Front}}
|West Bengal
| colspan="2" |8
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)|dab=yes|rowspan=8}}
|Maharashtra
|
| rowspan="8" |
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|8
|-
|Assam
|4
|-
|Karnataka
|4
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|2
|-
|Manipur
|1
|-
|Rajasthan
|1
|-
|Tripura
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Gana Suraksha Party|rowspan=3}}
|West Bengal
|
| rowspan="3" |
|-
|Assam
|4
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|1
|-
|{{Full party name with color|Social Democratic Party of India|rowspan=2}}
|Andhra Pradesh
|2
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|Gujarat
|2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Uttarakhand Kranti Dal}}
|Uttarakhand
| colspan="2" |3
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference}}
|Jammu and Kashmir
| colspan="2" |2
|-
| {{Full party name with color|Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party}}
|Jammu and Kashmir
| colspan="2" |2
|-
|}

== Candidates ==
Incumbent [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] Narendra Modi was announced as the prime ministerial candidate of the NDA.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 February 2024 |title=PM sets 370 poll target for BJP, 400+ for NDA |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-sets-370-poll-target-for-bjp-400-for-nda-101707158494533.html |access-date=22 February 2024 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |archive-date=22 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222214040/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-sets-370-poll-target-for-bjp-400-for-nda-101707158494533.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Narendra Modi Will Be BJP's PM Candidate For 2024 General Elections, Announces Amit Shah |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/narendra-modi-will-be-bjps-pm-candidate-for-2024-general-elections-announces-amit-shah-5546023/ |date=1 August 2022| access-date=25 April 2024 |work=India.com |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815013705/https://www.india.com/news/india/narendra-modi-will-be-bjps-pm-candidate-for-2024-general-elections-announces-amit-shah-5546023/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The INDIA bloc announced that the alliance will decide the Prime Minister after the polls.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 December 2023 |title=INDIA bloc PM candidate will be decided after 2024 polls: Mamata Banerjee |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-bloc-pm-candidate-will-be-decided-after-2024-polls-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/106096812.cms?from=mdr |access-date=3 February 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240203065101/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-bloc-pm-candidate-will-be-decided-after-2024-polls-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/106096812.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=5 April 2024 |title=INDIA bloc's PM candidate: What Rahul Gandhi said |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-blocs-pm-candidate-what-rahul-gandhi-said/articleshow/109067411.cms |access-date=25 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=9 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240409122119/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-blocs-pm-candidate-what-rahul-gandhi-said/articleshow/109067411.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== National Democratic Alliance ===
{{Main|List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the 2024 Indian general election}}

[[File:2024 NDA Alliance Lok Sabha Seat Sharing.svg|thumb|National Democratic Alliance's seat sharing for the election|upright=1.4]]
The BJP announced its first list of 195 candidates on 2 March 2024<ref>{{cite news|title=BJP Candidates List 2024 for Lok Sabha Elections: PM Modi, Amit Shah, Hema Malini, Shivraj Singh Chouhan and others in first list – Check constituency-wise names|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/politics/news-bjp-candidates-list-2024-lok-sabha-election-counting-voting-result-date-full-list-of-first-candidates-constituency-wise-state-wise-general-election-counting-voting-result-pm-modi-varanasi-hema-malini-meenakshi-lekhhi-smriti-irani|work=Zee News|access-date=2 March 2024|date=2 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302151434/https://www.zeebiz.com/trending/politics/news-bjp-candidates-list-2024-lok-sabha-election-counting-voting-result-date-full-list-of-first-candidates-constituency-wise-state-wise-general-election-counting-voting-result-pm-modi-varanasi-hema-malini-meenakshi-lekhhi-smriti-irani|archive-date=2 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |title=BJP Lok Sabha 2024 candidates: Check full list of 195 names here |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-195-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-check-full-list-here-101709383269380.html |access-date=2 March 2024 |date=2 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240302152450/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/bjp-announces-195-candidates-for-lok-sabha-election-check-full-list-here-101709383269380.html |archive-date=2 March 2024 }}</ref> and the second list of 72 candidates was published in 13 March,<ref>{{cite news |date=13 March 2024 |title=BJP announces second list for Lok Sabha elections |url=https://www.livemint.com/elections/bjp-releases-2nd-candidate-list-manohar-lal-khattar-anurag-thakur-basavaraj-bommai-among-names-11710337353896.html |access-date=10 April 2024| work=Live Mint |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313145329/https://bengali.news18.com/news/national/bjp-announces-second-candidate-list-for-lok-sabha-elections-2024-dmg-1555620.html |url-status=live }}</ref> while the third list of nine candidates was announced on 21 March.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 April 2024 |title=BJP Candidate List 2024: Party Unveils Another List Of 7 Candidates, Drops 3 Sitting MPs |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/bjp-candidate-list-2024-lok-sabha-election-ballia-mainpuri-up-west-bengal-1678925 |access-date=10 April 2024 |work=ABP News |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419065327/https://news.abplive.com/elections/bjp-candidate-list-2024-lok-sabha-election-ballia-mainpuri-up-west-bengal-1678925 |url-status=live }}</ref> The fourth list of 15 candidates was released on 22 March,<ref>{{cite news |title=BJP lok sabha list: BJP releases fourth list for Lok Sabha: 15 names announced for Tamil Nadu, Puducherry; Raadhika Sarathkumar gets a ticket |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjp-lok-sabha-candidate-list-bharatiya-janata-party-releases-4th-list-of-candidates-radhika-sarathkumar-gets-a-ticket/articleshow/108703946.cms?from=mdr |access-date=10 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] | date=22 March 2024 |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423024154/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjp-lok-sabha-candidate-list-bharatiya-janata-party-releases-4th-list-of-candidates-radhika-sarathkumar-gets-a-ticket/articleshow/108703946.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> followed by the declaration of fifth list of 111 candidates on 24 March. Ultimately, the twentieth list of one candidate was released on 10 May.<ref>{{Cite news |title=BJP releases fifth list of candidates |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-elections-live-updates-march-24-2024/article67986700.ece |access-date=12 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]] |date=24 March 2024 |archive-date=12 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512194959/https://www.livehindustan.com/national/story-bjp-candidate-full-list-loksabha-chunav-2024-see-here-9449330.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

For the first time since [[1996 Indian general election|1996]], the BJP did not field candidates in the [[Kashmir division]], with analysts and opposition politicians attributing it to popular backlash over the BJP government's revocation of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]'s autonomy enshrined under [[Article 370]] of the Indian Constitution in 2019. Despite not having a formal candidate, BJP maintains a presence in the region through their support of local parties <ref>{{cite news |date=11 May 2024 |title=Kashmir: Why Modi's BJP is not fighting elections in the Himalayan region |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68968593 |access-date=11 May 2024 |work=[[BBC]] |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511065954/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68968593 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===
{{Main|List of Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance candidates for the 2024 Indian general election}}
{{See also|List of Left Front candidates in the 2024 Indian general election}}

The Congress released its first list of 39 candidates on 8 March 2024.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 March 2024 |title=Congress releases 1st list of 39 candidates for Lok Sabha polls; Rahul Gandhi to contest from Kerala's Wayanad again |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/congress-1st-list-39-candidates-lok-sabha-polls-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-9203478/ |access-date=9 April 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407055948/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/congress-1st-list-39-candidates-lok-sabha-polls-rahul-gandhi-wayanad-9203478/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=4 May 2024 |title=Congress's Puri candidate opts out of polls: 'No funds, told to fend for myself' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-puri-lok-sabha-candidate-returns-ticket-cites-insufficient-funds-2535188-2024-05-04 |access-date=9 May 2024 |work=[[India Today]]|archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510212423/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/congress-puri-lok-sabha-candidate-returns-ticket-cites-insufficient-funds-2535188-2024-05-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> Eventually, the twenty-eighth list of one candidate was announced on 7 May.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 May 2024 |title=Congress names Sher Singh Ghubaya from Ferozepur seat in Punjab |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/congress-names-sher-singh-ghubaya-from-ferozepur-seat-in-punjab/article68148821.ece |access-date=10 May 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510035153/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/congress-names-sher-singh-ghubaya-from-ferozepur-seat-in-punjab/article68148821.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (AITC) announced its list of 42 candidates for the [[West Bengal]] parliamentary seats on 10 March.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 March 2024 |title=Full list of TMC candidates for 42 Lok Sabha seats in West Bengal: Check it out here |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tmc-releases-candidates-for-west-bengals-42-lok-sabha-seats-check-full-list-here-9206057/ |access-date=22 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419070559/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tmc-releases-candidates-for-west-bengals-42-lok-sabha-seats-check-full-list-here-9206057/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]], the [[CPI(M)]] announced its list first list of 44 candidates contesting from 13 different states on 28 March.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 March 2024 |title=CPI(M) releases first list of 44 candidates for Lok Sabha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cpim-releases-first-list-of-44-candidates-for-lok-sabha-polls/articleshow/108853543.cms |access-date=28 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329055938/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cpim-releases-first-list-of-44-candidates-for-lok-sabha-polls/articleshow/108853543.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Major election issues ==

=== Unemployment ===
The issue of unemployment has been a major problem for the Indian economy, especially affecting the youth.<ref name="Modi problem">{{Cite web |title=India's Narendra Modi has a problem: high economic growth but few jobs |url=https://www.ft.com/content/6886014f-e4cd-493c-986b-1da2cfc8cdf2 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=[[Financial Times]] |date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124253/https://www.ft.com/content/6886014f-e4cd-493c-986b-1da2cfc8cdf2 |url-status=live |last1=Reed |first1=John |last2=Lin |first2=Andy }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Ian |date=17 March 2024 |title=Narendra Modi's economy isn't booming for India's unemployed youth. So, why is his party favoured to win another election? |url=http://theconversation.com/narendra-modis-economy-isnt-booming-for-indias-unemployed-youth-so-why-is-his-party-favoured-to-win-another-election-224868 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124252/http://theconversation.com/narendra-modis-economy-isnt-booming-for-indias-unemployed-youth-so-why-is-his-party-favoured-to-win-another-election-224868 |url-status=live }}</ref> Unemployment in India has been at a 45-year old high.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 May 2019 |title=Unemployment rate at 45-year high, confirms Labour Ministry data |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/unemployment-rate-at-45-year-high-joblessness-at-6-1-of-labour-force-5759095/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124254/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/unemployment-rate-at-45-year-high-joblessness-at-6-1-of-labour-force-5759095/ |url-status=live }}</ref> According to a 2022 [[World Bank]] report, India's youth unemployment rate stood at 23.2%,<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 March 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi says India's unemployment rate is double that of Pakistan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-claims-indias-unemployment-rate-is-double-that-of-pakistan/articleshow/108182321.cms |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323124253/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/rahul-gandhi-claims-indias-unemployment-rate-is-double-that-of-pakistan/articleshow/108182321.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> whereas the national unemployment hovered around 7%.<ref name="Modi problem" /> In 2023, 42.3% of graduates were unemployed, showing the lack of job growth needed to accommodate the increasing workforce.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=42.3% of graduates under 25 unemployed, finds latest State of Working India report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/42-3-of-graduates-under-25-unemployed-finds-latest-state-of-working-india-report-8949124/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |author=Walia, Aggam |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054532/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/42-3-of-graduates-under-25-unemployed-finds-latest-state-of-working-india-report-8949124/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Unemployment took a centre stage in the election campaigns, with the opposition [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] criticising the BJP government's handling of the Indian economy for rising inflation, inequality and unemployment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 September 2023 |title=42.3% of graduates under 25 unemployed, finds latest State of Working India report |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/42-3-of-graduates-under-25-unemployed-finds-latest-state-of-working-india-report-8949124/ |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054532/https://indianexpress.com/article/business/42-3-of-graduates-under-25-unemployed-finds-latest-state-of-working-india-report-8949124/ |url-status=live}}</ref> As a part of its separate youth manifesto, the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]]-led INDIA bloc promised to fill in the 3 million vacancies in government jobs and bring in the "Right to Apprenticeship", in which any diploma and degree holder up to the age of 25 can demand employment for one year and they will get a one-year salary of ₹100,000 for the term of the job.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2024 |title=30 lakh govt jobs, Rs 5,000cr fund for startups: Congress unveils youth-centric manifesto |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-polls-congress-vows-30-lakh-govt-jobs-laws-on-paper-leaks-in-youth-manifesto/articleshow/108296814.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307104204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-polls-congress-vows-30-lakh-govt-jobs-laws-on-paper-leaks-in-youth-manifesto/articleshow/108296814.cms |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

=== Ram Mandir consecration ceremony and sectarianism ===
The BJP prepared a pamphlet for the Ram Mandir Inauguration Programmes to connect with families across the nation. After the [[consecration of the Ram Mandir]] in [[Ayodhya]], a new era of [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalistic sentiments]] have dominated the [[Politics of India|political sphere in India]].<ref name="ModiRidesFT">{{Cite web |title=India's Narendra Modi rides Hindu nationalism wave in Ayodhya temple opening |url=https://www.ft.com/content/77258247-4db0-45d8-acae-5c6644f46c78 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240122121801/https://www.ft.com/content/77258247-4db0-45d8-acae-5c6644f46c78 |archive-date=22 January 2024 |access-date=26 February 2024 |website=Financial Times|date=22 January 2024 |last1=Singh |first1=Jyotsna |last2=Reed |first2=John }}</ref><ref name="How temple movement helped BJP">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2019 |title=How temple movement helped BJP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-temple-movement-helped-bjp/story-VXQd0EgOAwvY4RStFndbVN.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054538/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/how-temple-movement-helped-bjp/story-VXQd0EgOAwvY4RStFndbVN.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Modi kept a long-standing political pledge of the reconstruction of the Ram Mandir and was seen to have fulfilled the BJP's manifesto to the nation's Hindu population.<ref name="How temple movement helped BJP" /> The Hindu nationalist ideology of Modi and the BJP has also garnered substantial support from Hindu community members.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Suvolaxmi Dutta Choudhury |author2=Suvolaxmi Dutta |title=Temple Opening Raises Ruling Party's Stock Before Indian Election |url=https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/temple-inauguration-raises-ruling-partys-stock-before-elections |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054703/https://www.asiapacific.ca/publication/temple-inauguration-raises-ruling-partys-stock-before-elections |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Basak |first=Sanjay |date=25 October 2023 |title=Ram Mandir Takes Center Stage for Saffron Victory |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/251023/ram-mandir-election-strategy.html |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054615/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/251023/ram-mandir-election-strategy.html |url-status=live}}</ref> At the same time, [[Bollywood]] productions have been released with themes supporting the Modi government's policies and Hindu nationalist ideologies.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saaliq |first=Sheikh |date=22 March 2024 |title=As India's election nears, some Bollywood films promote Modi politics by embracing Hindu nationalism |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-general-elections-2024-bollywood-modi-nationalism-2aea78fec4324d805d74ddc2bff9f633 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=Associated Press |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054626/https://apnews.com/article/india-general-elections-2024-bollywood-modi-nationalism-2aea78fec4324d805d74ddc2bff9f633 |url-status=live}}</ref> In response to such concerns, BJP spokesperson [[Mmhonlumo Kikon]] acknowledged the existence of a "level of threat perception", but said that the party was trying to change that.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2024 |title=Christians in India fearful as election looms |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240326-christians-in-india-fearful-as-election-looms |access-date=26 March 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328054706/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240326-christians-in-india-fearful-as-election-looms |url-status=live}}</ref>

A major controversy was stirred when the opposition Congress Party and its leaders declined an invitation to the Ram Mandir consecration ceremony, saying that the event was politicised into a 'BJP-RSS event'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2024 |title=Congress will not attend Ram Mandir inauguration, calls it 'BJP-RSS event' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-will-not-attend-ram-mandir-inauguration-calls-it-bjp-rss-event/articleshow/106698316.cms |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055238/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-will-not-attend-ram-mandir-inauguration-calls-it-bjp-rss-event/articleshow/106698316.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> Assam chief minister [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]] said that the invitation was an opportunity for the Congress to 'reduce its sin', and that history would continue to judge it as 'anti-Hindu'.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 January 2024 |title=Ayodhya temple invite: Congress will continue to be judged 'anti-Hindu', says Himanta |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ayodhya-temple-invite-congress-will-continue-to-be-judged-anti-hindu-says-himanta/articleshow/106733074.cms |access-date=23 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055254/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/ayodhya-temple-invite-congress-will-continue-to-be-judged-anti-hindu-says-himanta/articleshow/106733074.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The four [[Shankaracharya]]s also declined attending the event, stating that the ceremony was politicised as a campaign event at the half-built temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NDTV Explains: Shankaracharyas "Won't Attend" Ram Temple Event, What Do They Say? |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ram-temple-ayodhya-shankaracharyas-to-skip-ndtv-explains-two-shankaracharyas-wont-attend-ram-temple-event-what-do-they-say-4865713 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055128/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/ram-temple-ayodhya-shankaracharyas-to-skip-ndtv-explains-two-shankaracharyas-wont-attend-ram-temple-event-what-do-they-say-4865713 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shankaracharya Raises Concerns Over New Ram Lalla Idol Placement and Unfinished Temple Construction |url=https://thewire.in/religion/shankaracharya-raises-concerns-over-new-ram-lalla-idol-placement-and-unfinished-temple-construction |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Wire |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055059/https://thewire.in/religion/shankaracharya-raises-concerns-over-new-ram-lalla-idol-placement-and-unfinished-temple-construction |url-status=live|date=18 January 2024}}</ref>

During a campaign rally in [[Rajasthan]] on 21 April, Narendra Modi accused the Congress party of prioritizing Muslim access to national wealth and planning to distribute resources among "those who have more children" and "infiltrators" once it was in power, which reflected stereotypes about Muslims reproducing in greater numbers and conspiracy theories pushed by the BJP that Muslims were planning to outnumber Hindus. Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge called Modi's remarks a panic-filled "hate speech" and a ploy to divert attention from the opposition outperforming the BJP during the first phase of the election, while officials in Rajasthan received complaints from the [[Azad Adhikar Sena]] and a non-profit organisation demanding Modi's arrest and for his campaign to be suspended.<ref name="bbc.com">{{Cite web |title=India opposition criticises Modi for 'hate speech' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68872003 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=BBC |date=22 April 2024 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422090525/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68872003 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="aljazeera.com">{{Cite web |title='Infiltrators': Modi accused of anti-Muslim hate speech amid India election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/22/infiltrators-modi-accused-of-anti-muslim-hate-speech-amid-india-election |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |date=22 April 2024 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422125147/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/22/infiltrators-modi-accused-of-anti-muslim-hate-speech-amid-india-election |url-status=live }}</ref>

A complaint letter by the ''Samvidhan Bacchao Nagrik Abhiyan'' (Save the Constitution Citizens' Campaign) organisation to the [[Election Commission of India]], signed by over 17,400 people, alleged that Modi had violated the [[Model Code of Conduct]] and the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] by making a speech "aiming at not only appealing to 'communal feelings' but also instigating and aggravating hatred in the Hindus against Muslims".<ref name="India.com">{{Cite web |title=Over 17,400 citizens write to Election Commission Seek Action against PM Modi Infiltrators Remark |url=https://www.india.com/news/over-17400-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seek-action-against-pm-modis-infiltrators-remark-6881114/ |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.india.com |language=en |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425071507/https://www.india.com/news/over-17400-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seek-action-against-pm-modis-infiltrators-remark-6881114/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="scroll.in">{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Over 17,400 citizens write to EC seeking action against PM Narendra Modi for hate speech |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1066924/2200-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seeking-action-against-pm-narendra-modi-for-hate-speech |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423123804/https://scroll.in/latest/1066924/2200-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seeking-action-against-pm-narendra-modi-for-hate-speech |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Electoral Bonds ===

On 15 February 2024, the [[Supreme Court of India]] ruled that the [[Electoral Bond]] system of campaign financing that was introduced by the Modi government in 2017 which allowed individuals and companies to donate money to political parties anonymously and without limits was unconstitutional, saying that the process allowed donors to assert "influence over policymaking".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ban on India's electoral bonds: How will it affect 2024 election? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/16/check-on-quid-pro-quo-will-indias-electoral-bonds-ban-hurt-modi |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055254/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/16/check-on-quid-pro-quo-will-indias-electoral-bonds-ban-hurt-modi |url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 March, the court ordered the [[State Bank of India]] (SBI) to provide all records regarding the electoral bonds to the Election Commission of India by 21 March in order to match electoral donors with their recipients and rejected a plea by the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]], the [[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]], and the [[Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India]] from divulging the identities of donors. Initial reports suggest that among the leading donors to political parties were some of India's largest firms such as [[Vedanta Limited]], [[Bharti Airtel]], [[RPSG Group]] and Essel Mining. It also found that the BJP was the recipient of nearly half of all recorded donations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India bank ordered to share electoral bonds data linking donors, recipients |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/18/india-bank-ordered-to-share-electoral-bonds-data-linking-donors-recipients |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |date=18 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055256/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/18/india-bank-ordered-to-share-electoral-bonds-data-linking-donors-recipients |url-status=live}}</ref>

In total, the top five political parties in terms of electoral bonds received are the BJP, which received Rs 6,060.5 [[crore]], the [[All India Trinamool Congress]] (TMC), which received Rs 1,609.5 crore, the Congress Party, with Rs 1,421.8 crore, the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS), which received Rs 1,214.7 crore, and the [[Biju Janata Dal]] (BJD), which received Rs 775.5 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Parvathi Benu |author2=Sindhu Hariharan |date=21 March 2024 |title=Electoral Bond Donations: MEIL Tops BJP Funding |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/data-stories/data-focus/electoral-bond-donations-megha-engineering-bjps-biggest-donor-future-gaming-paid-big-to-tmc/article67977456.ece |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=BusinessLine |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055241/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/data-stories/data-focus/electoral-bond-donations-megha-engineering-bjps-biggest-donor-future-gaming-paid-big-to-tmc/article67977456.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Five Political Parties Saw Electoral Bonds Fortunes Turning With Election Wins and Losses |url=https://thewire.in/politics/top-five-political-parties-saw-electoral-bonds-fortunes-turning-with-election-wins-and-losses |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=The Wire |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055810/https://thewire.in/politics/top-five-political-parties-saw-electoral-bonds-fortunes-turning-with-election-wins-and-losses |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Who Were the Top Buyers of Electoral Bonds Paying? |url=https://thewire.in/politics/who-were-the-top-buyers-of-electoral-bonds-paying |date=21 March 2024 |author1=Perinchery, Aathira |author2=Mahaprashasta, Ajoy Ashirwad |author3=Kaur, Banjot |author4=Sen, Jahnavi |author5=Chishti, Seema |author6=Shantha, Sukanya |website=thewire.in |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055810/https://thewire.in/politics/who-were-the-top-buyers-of-electoral-bonds-paying |url-status=live}}</ref> The biggest buyer of electoral bonds was found to be Santiago Martin, the [[Tamil Nadu]]-based head of the lottery firm Future Gaming and Hotel Services Private Limited, who bought bonds worth 13.68 billion rupees ($163 million) between 2020 and 2024 and made donations to the TMC, the BJP, and the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (DMK), which rules Tamil Nadu. The biggest single donor to any political party was Megha Engineering and Infrastructure Limited (MEIL), a construction firm based in [[Hyderabad]] that bought electoral bonds worth over 12 billion rupees ($144 million) between 2019 and 2024 and made donations to the [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]] (BRS), the BJP, and the Congress Party, who alternated in ruling [[Telangana]] during that time.<ref name="ajlaundry"/>

Some politicians from the opposition have termed Electoral Bonds a "scam" and an "extortion racket".<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2024 |title=Electoral bonds biggest scam, way to take hafta from firms: Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sbi-electoral-bonds-was-biggest-extortion-racket-in-world-rahul-gandhi-thane-election-commission-supreme-court-11710510134201.html |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401001122/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/sbi-electoral-bonds-was-biggest-extortion-racket-in-world-rahul-gandhi-thane-election-commission-supreme-court-11710510134201.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2024 |title=Congress calls electoral bond scheme biggest scam |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/congress-calls-electoral-bond-scheme-biggest-scam-101711130399412.html |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401001122/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/congress-calls-electoral-bond-scheme-biggest-scam-101711130399412.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2024 |title='Electoral Bonds Will Prove To Be Biggest Scam In Indian History': Congress Salvo At Modi Govt |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/electoral-bonds-congress-modi-govt-rahul-gandhi-kharge-p-chidambaram-supreme-court-order-sbi-pm-narendra-modi-lok-sabha-election-2024-1671122 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401001122/https://news.abplive.com/elections/electoral-bonds-congress-modi-govt-rahul-gandhi-kharge-p-chidambaram-supreme-court-order-sbi-pm-narendra-modi-lok-sabha-election-2024-1671122 |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to allegations regarding the electoral bonds, BJP spokesperson [[Syed Zafar Islam]] denied that the party had done any wrongdoing and said that its electoral bonds were gained "on merit".<ref name="ajlaundry">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Yashraj |date=4 April 2024 |title=India's electoral bonds laundry: 'Corrupt' firms paid parties, got cleansed |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/4/indias-electoral-bonds-laundry-corrupt-firms-paid-parties-got-cleansed |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=4 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240404053509/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/4/indias-electoral-bonds-laundry-corrupt-firms-paid-parties-got-cleansed |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Indian political observers have reached the conclusion that either Indian businessmen have been regularly bribing their way out of trouble, or that the BJP-controlled government has been using government agencies to extort them. From the data released by the SBI, it was found that companies gave donations around the time they received major government contracts. Close to half of the top 30 corporate donors were facing investigations by government agencies around the time they purchased electoral bonds.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Shih |first1=Gerry |last2=Gupta |first2=Anand |date=29 March 2024 |title=Indian politics roiled as huge donations are linked to investigated firms |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/03/29/india-politics-bjp-electoral-bonds/ |access-date=31 March 2024 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |issn=0190-8286 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419070351/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/03/29/india-politics-bjp-electoral-bonds/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Travelli |first1=Alex |last2=Kumar |first2=Hari |date=25 March 2024 |title=Data Dump Exposes the Fuzzy Lines Between Money and Politics in India |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/15/world/asia/india-election-donations.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240315144809/https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/15/world/asia/india-election-donations.html |archive-date=15 March 2024 |work=[[The New York Times]] |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Venu |first=M. K. |date=16 March 2024 |title=Electoral Bonds Blow Giant Holes in Modi's Anti-Corruption Plank |url=https://thewire.in/politics/sc-verdict-renders-pm-modis-anti-corruption-plank-shaky-amid-electoral-bond-revelations |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]] |archive-date=1 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401001122/https://thewire.in/politics/sc-verdict-renders-pm-modis-anti-corruption-plank-shaky-amid-electoral-bond-revelations |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Controversial statements ===
Before and during the election, several political leaders made controversial political comments. In September 2023, [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader [[Udhayanidhi Stalin]] was criticised for stating that ''Sanatana Dharma'' should not merely be opposed but must be eradicated, claiming that it opposes social justice and equality, and compared the ''Sanatana Dharma'' with malaria and dengue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Udhayanidhi Stalin's 'Sanatan Dharma' Remark: SC Lawyer Files Complaint With Delhi Police, Seeks FIR Against DMK Leader |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/udhayanidhi-stalin-sanatan-remark-row-case-filed-against-dmk-leader-for-provocative-defamatory-statement |access-date=2023-09-03 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en |archive-date=30 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130001242/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/udhayanidhi-stalin-sanatan-remark-row-case-filed-against-dmk-leader-for-provocative-defamatory-statement |url-status=live }}</ref> In February 2024, Congress leader BK Hariprasad commented that Pakistan is an enemy for the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], but not them, which were heavily condemned by BJP leaders.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/india/karnataka/story/karnataka-remark-sparks-row-bk-hariprasad-pakistan-enemy-country-bjp-congress-assembly-2508221-2024-02-28|title= Pakistan enemy country for BJP, not for us: Karnataka Congress leader sparks row|date= 28 February 2024}}</ref>

== Party campaigns ==
===Bharatiya Janata Party===
{{Main|Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election}}
The national executive meeting of the BJP held on 16 and 17 January 2023 saw the party reaffirm its faith in Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and extend the tenure of BJP national president [[J. P. Nadda]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mishra |first=Himanshu |title=BJP National President JP Nadda's tenure extended till June 2024 |website=India Today |date=18 February 2024 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/jp-nadda-bjp-national-president-tenure-extended-june-2024-2503743-2024-02-18 |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060202/https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/jp-nadda-bjp-national-president-tenure-extended-june-2024-2503743-2024-02-18 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Charting out the BJP's strategy for the upcoming polls, Modi said in a speech to party workers that they should reach out to every section of society, including the marginalised and minority communities, "without electoral considerations".<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 January 2023 |title=BJP's big meet ahead of 9 state polls, 2024 Lok Sabha elections: Here's what happened |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-national-executive-meeting-highlights-pm-modi-2024-elections-8388809/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230125014040/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/bjp-national-executive-meeting-highlights-pm-modi-2024-elections-8388809/ |archive-date=25 January 2023 |access-date=25 January 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Following the [[2023 elections in India#State legislative assembly elections|2023 Legislative Assembly elections]], Modi debuted the slogan "Modi Ki Guarantee" for the 2024 polls.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 July 2023 |title='Yeh Modi ki guarantee hai...': PM Modi's promise to India for his 3rd term |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/yeh-modi-ki-guarantee-hai-pm-modis-promise-to-india-in-his-3rd-term-11690381342788.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204020952/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/yeh-modi-ki-guarantee-hai-pm-modis-promise-to-india-in-his-3rd-term-11690381342788.html |archive-date=4 December 2023 |access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref> Another slogan used was ''Abki Baar 400 Paar'' (This Time Surpassing 400),<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-virtually-addressed-the-viksit-bharat-viksit-madhya-pradesh-programme/article67900724.ece | title='Abki Baar, 400 Paar' slogan coined by public, not BJP: PM | newspaper=The Hindu | date=29 February 2024 | last1=Malpani | first1=Mehul | access-date=24 May 2024 | archive-date=10 May 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510164516/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/modi-virtually-addressed-the-viksit-bharat-viksit-madhya-pradesh-programme/article67900724.ece | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-polls-2024/video/teesri-baar-modi-sarkar-abki-baar-400-paar-bjps-slogan-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-2483290-2024-01-02|title='Teesri baar Modi sarkar, abki baar 400 paar': BJP's slogan for 2024 Lok Sabha polls|website=India Today|date=2 January 2024|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309132325/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-polls-2024/video/teesri-baar-modi-sarkar-abki-baar-400-paar-bjps-slogan-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-2483290-2024-01-02|url-status=live}}</ref> referring to the party's goal of winning more than 400 out of 543 seats in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/bjp-coins-new-slogan-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-ab-ki-baar-400-paar-11704211730336.html | title=BJP coins new slogan for 2024 Lok Sabha polls—'...Ab ki baar 400 paar' | date=2 January 2024 | access-date=24 May 2024 | archive-date=11 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411225110/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/bjp-coins-new-slogan-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-ab-ki-baar-400-paar-11704211730336.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Having been used by the BJP in previous elections, including the [[2019 Indian general election|2019 general election]] with some changes,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/teesri-baar-modi-sarkar-ab-ki-baar-400-paar-bjps-new-slogan-for-lok-sabha-2024-polls/articleshow/106491662.cms?from=mdr|title="Teesri baar Modi Sarkar, ab ki baar 400 paar": BJP's new slogan for Lok Sabha 2024 polls|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=2 January 2024|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309132327/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/teesri-baar-modi-sarkar-ab-ki-baar-400-paar-bjps-new-slogan-for-lok-sabha-2024-polls/articleshow/106491662.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> election analysts have said that the path for the BJP to achieve this goal will likely be by winning more seats in the south of India than in previous elections.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Will Modi win 400 seats in India's election? The south holds the answer |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/17/will-modi-win-400-seats-in-indias-election-the-south-holds-the-answer |access-date=18 April 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=22 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522161658/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/17/will-modi-win-400-seats-in-indias-election-the-south-holds-the-answer |url-status=live }}</ref>

The party held [[political rallies]] in multiple states with national leadership including Modi, [[List of presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP President]] J. P. Nadda and [[Amit Shah]] campaigning actively.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/modi-ko-chunte-hai-bjp-launches-campaign-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-492917| title="Modi Ko Chunte Hai" : BJP Launches Campaign for 2024 Lok Sabha Polls| access-date=24 May 2024| archive-date=24 May 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524142046/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/modi-ko-chunte-hai-bjp-launches-campaign-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-492917| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-launches-campaign-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-sapne-nahi-haqeeqat-bunte-hai/articleshow/107134892.cms|title='Sapne Nahi, Haqeeqat Bunte Hai'... : BJP launches campaign for 2024 Lok Sabha polls|newspaper=The Times of India|date=25 January 2024|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=9 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309132325/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-launches-campaign-for-2024-lok-sabha-polls-sapne-nahi-haqeeqat-bunte-hai/articleshow/107134892.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/top-events-of-the-day-pm-modi-to-visit-assam-arunachal-west-bengal-uttar-pradesh-neet-registration-last-day-and-more-11709944719925.html|title=Top events of the day: PM Modi to visit 4 states, NEET UG registration last day|date=9 March 2024|website=mint|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=3 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403233628/https://www.livemint.com/news/top-events-of-the-day-pm-modi-to-visit-assam-arunachal-west-bengal-uttar-pradesh-neet-registration-last-day-and-more-11709944719925.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

During a campaign rally, [[Uttar Pradesh]] chief minister [[Yogi Adityanath]] described the election as a contest between "devotees of [[Rama|Ram]]" and "anti-Ram forces" and urged voters to select the former. Modi also accused the opposition of plotting to raze the [[Ram Mandir|Ram Temple]] once they were in power.<ref name="apphase5"/>

During a campaign rally in [[Rajasthan]] on 21 April, Narendra Modi accused the Congress party of prioritizing Muslim access to national wealth and planning to distribute resources among "those who have more children" and "infiltrators" once it was in power, which reflected stereotypes about Muslims reproducing in greater numbers and conspiracy theories pushed by the BJP that Muslims were planning to outnumber Hindus. Congress leader Mallikarjun Kharge called Modi's remarks a panic-filled "hate speech" and a ploy to divert attention from the opposition outperforming the BJP during the first phase of the election, while officials in Rajasthan received complaints from the [[Azad Adhikar Sena]] and a non-profit organisation demanding Modi's arrest and for his campaign to be suspended.<ref name="bbc.com"/><ref name="aljazeera.com"/> Following Modi's speech, the BJP posted an animated video on its official [[Instagram]] account reiterating Modi's claims and showing Rahul Gandhi holding a copy of the Congress Party's election manifesto that morphs into the symbol of the [[All-India Muslim League]]. After being flagged by multiple users, the video was taken down less than 24 hours after its publication.<ref name="animation">{{Cite web |title=India's animated video wars cause stir on the campaign trail |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240505-india-s-animated-video-wars-cause-stir-on-the-campaign-trail |access-date=5 May 2024 |website=France 24 |date=5 May 2024 |archive-date=5 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240505091528/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240505-india-s-animated-video-wars-cause-stir-on-the-campaign-trail |url-status=live }}</ref> A similar video posted on X towards voters in [[Karnataka]] was also ordered taken down by the Electoral Commission and led to police opening cases against senior BJP leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India election: Modi's party accused of demonising Muslims in video |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918331 |access-date=8 May 2024 |website=BBC |date=8 May 2024 |archive-date=8 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508004734/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918331 |url-status=live }}</ref>

A complaint letter by the ''Samvidhan Bacchao Nagrik Abhiyan'' (Save the Constitution Citizens' Campaign) organisation to the [[Election Commission of India]], signed by over 17,400 people, alleged that Modi had violated the [[Model Code of Conduct]] and the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] by making a speech "aiming at not only appealing to 'communal feelings' but also instigating and aggravating hatred in the Hindus against Muslims".<ref name="India.com"/><ref name="scroll.in"/>

On 14 April 2024, the BJP invited [[List of diplomatic missions in India|foreign diplomats]] posted in the country as well as 25 overseas [[Political party|political parties]] including the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] and the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] parties of the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] (CDU) and the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD), as well as the [[Awami League]] of [[Bangladesh]] to observe the party's [[Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election|electoral campaign]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parties From These Nations Accept BJP Invite To Witness Its Poll Campaign |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/parties-from-these-nations-accept-bjp-invite-to-witness-its-poll-campaign-5435416 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414012955/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/parties-from-these-nations-accept-bjp-invite-to-witness-its-poll-campaign-5435416 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2024 |title=In BJP external push, 25 global parties invited to have a ringside view of Lok Sabha polls, its campaign |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjp-lok-sabha-polls-campaign-external-push-9260790/ |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=13 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413204820/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/bjp-lok-sabha-polls-campaign-external-push-9260790/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This initiative was part of the "Know BJP" campaign, aimed at external outreach and familiarisation with the [[Elections in India|election process]]. As part of this program, BJP president [[J. P. Nadda]] met with envoys from 13 countries.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Abhijeet |date=11 April 2024 |title=LS polls: BJP invites 25 global parties to observe elections, its campaign |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/ls-polls-bjp-invites-25-global-parties-to-observe-elections-its-campaign-124041100111_1.html |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=business-standard |archive-date=11 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240411063716/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/lok-sabha-election/ls-polls-bjp-invites-25-global-parties-to-observe-elections-its-campaign-124041100111_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In "Know BJP" Push, JP Nadda To Meet Envoys Of 13 Countries Today |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/foreign-envoys-set-to-interact-with-bjp-chief-jp-nadda-tomorrow-3056150 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=10 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610171126/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/foreign-envoys-set-to-interact-with-bjp-chief-jp-nadda-tomorrow-3056150 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance ===
The [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]] (INDIA) bloc's first joint rally was held in [[Patna]], [[Bihar]] on 3 March 2024. The rally saw, among others, Congress president [[Mallikarjun Kharge]], party leader [[Rahul Gandhi]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD) chief [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], former Bihar deputy chief minister [[Tejashwi Yadav]], [[Samajwadi Party]] leader [[Akhilesh Yadav]], and senior [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Left]] leaders [[Sitaram Yechury]] and [[D. Raja]]. Kharge attacked Kumar for [[Aaya Ram Gaya Ram|frequently changing alliances]] and criticised the BJP for not fulfilling its promise of jobs and neglecting the country's poor and the majority.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2024 |title=INDIA bloc slams BJP's 'lies' at its rally in Bihar |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-bloc-slams-bjp-s-lies-at-its-rally-in-bihar-101709489768344.html |access-date=5 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=4 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240304011157/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-bloc-slams-bjp-s-lies-at-its-rally-in-bihar-101709489768344.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The alliance jointly held a rally at [[Shivaji Park]] in [[Mumbai]] on 17 March, a day after the end of [[Rahul Gandhi]]'s [[Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra]]. The rally was attended by Gandhi, [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]] president [[Uddhav Thackeray]], [[Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)|NCP(SP)]] leader [[Sharad Pawar]], [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]] leader [[Tejashwi Yadav]], and [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] leader and [[Tamil Nadu]] chief minister [[M. K. Stalin]], among many others.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2024 |title=Mumbai rally LIVE Updates: PM Modi is just an actor, says Rahul Gandhi |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-news-live-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi-bjp-congress-india-alliance-march-17-101710638741589.html |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060134/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-election-news-live-rahul-gandhi-narendra-modi-bjp-congress-india-alliance-march-17-101710638741589.html |url-status=live}}</ref> At the rally, Gandhi said that he was compelled to launch his yatra due to rising inflation and unemployment in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2024 |title='Ab ki baar, BJP tadipar': Who said what at INDIA bloc's Mumbai rally |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ab-ki-baar-bjp-tadipar-who-said-what-at-india-blocs-mumbai-rally-101710691185896.html |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060221/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/ab-ki-baar-bjp-tadipar-who-said-what-at-india-blocs-mumbai-rally-101710691185896.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

A few days after arrest of Delhi chief minister [[Arvind Kejriwal]] in connection with the alleged [[Delhi liquor scam]] on 22 March,<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2024 |title="Why don't you appear on receiving ED summons": Delhi HC asks Arvind Kejriwal |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/why-don-t-you-appear-on-receiving-ed-summons-delhi-hc-asks-arvind-kejriwal-101710918644418.html |access-date=1 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323171519/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/why-don-t-you-appear-on-receiving-ed-summons-delhi-hc-asks-arvind-kejriwal-101710918644418.html |url-status=live }}</ref> the opposition alliance held a protest rally against the same in [[Ramlila Maidan]], [[Delhi]] on 31 March, where opposition leaders alleged the corruption case on him and his subsequent arrest to be a "fabrication with political motives" and a "witch hunt".<ref>{{Cite web |title=India opposition protests in capital over Kejriwal's arrest before election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/31/india-opposition-protests-in-capital-over-kejriwals-arrest-before-election |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331234642/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/31/india-opposition-protests-in-capital-over-kejriwals-arrest-before-election |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Ashutosh |date=31 March 2024 |title=Opposition showcases unity at massive rally at Delhi's Ramlila Grounds, slams BJP's 'witch hunt' |url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/democracy-opposition-india-bloc-showcases-unity-rally-at-delhis-ramlila-grounds-slams-bjps-witch-hunt/article68013684.ece |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=Frontline |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331234644/https://frontline.thehindu.com/news/democracy-opposition-india-bloc-showcases-unity-rally-at-delhis-ramlila-grounds-slams-bjps-witch-hunt/article68013684.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=31 March 2024 |title=Thousands rally in India's capital as opposition bloc and Prime Minister Modi launch their campaigns |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-election-opposition-modi-kejriwal-396a85e3fc4e4ed43018436b690b0fe0 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331234643/https://apnews.com/article/india-election-opposition-modi-kejriwal-396a85e3fc4e4ed43018436b690b0fe0 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the rally, named "Loktantra Bachao" (Save Democracy), amid current events, the opposition tried to frame the election as being "democracy vs dictatorship".<ref>{{Cite web |title='Democracy vs dictatorship': Opposition unites over INDIA bloc leaders' arrests |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arvind-kejriwal-arrested-india-bloc-opposition-loktantra-bachao-rally-latest-updates-traffic-diversions-protests-2521291-2024-03-31 |access-date=31 March 2024 |website=India Today |date=31 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331234643/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/arvind-kejriwal-arrested-india-bloc-opposition-loktantra-bachao-rally-latest-updates-traffic-diversions-protests-2521291-2024-03-31 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Indian National Congress ====
{{main|Indian National Congress campaign for the 2024 Indian general election}}
The Congress campaign was launched from [[Nagpur]] at a huge rally in which over 1 million people were expected to have attended on 28 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Archis |date=15 December 2023 |title=Congress to launch 2024 Lok Sabha election campaign from Nagpur on Dec 28 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/politics/congress-to-hold-grand-rally-in-nagpur-on-dec-28-to-mark-foundation-day-123121501139_1.html |access-date=16 December 2023 |archive-date=16 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216045648/https://www.business-standard.com/politics/congress-to-hold-grand-rally-in-nagpur-on-dec-28-to-mark-foundation-day-123121501139_1.html |url-status=live}}</ref> This rally also marked the 138th Congress Foundation Day and was being held to energise party cadres for the 2024 general election.<ref name="Livemint">{{Cite web |work=Livemint |date=15 December 2023 |title=Congress organises massive rally in Nagpur on Dec 28, over 10 lakh to attend |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-organises-massive-rally-in-nagpur-10-lakh-people-expected-to-attend-event-on-december-28-11702634914717.html |access-date=15 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=28 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228071623/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-organises-massive-rally-in-nagpur-10-lakh-people-expected-to-attend-event-on-december-28-11702634914717.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Party workers from all over the state were called to join the rally.<ref name="Livemint" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2023 |title=Rahul to visit Maharashtra by end of Dec as Cong gets serious about state |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/rahul-visit-maharashtra-end-of-dec-cong-serious-state-9067112/ |access-date=15 December 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103182913/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/rahul-visit-maharashtra-end-of-dec-cong-serious-state-9067112/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra logo & slogan.jpg|thumb|[[Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra]] logo & slogan]]

On 14 January, the party launched its [[Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra]],<ref name="Yatra 2.0">{{cite web |date=13 January 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi sets off on Yatra 2.0 before Lok Sabha polls, focus on Hindi heartland states, SC, ST belts |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-congress-lok-sabha-elections-hindi-sc-st-9108294/ |access-date=16 February 2024 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |archive-date=26 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226171706/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rahul-gandhi-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra-congress-lok-sabha-elections-hindi-sc-st-9108294/ |url-status=live}}</ref> a sequel to the [[Bharat Jodo Yatra]] held the previous year.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 December 2023 |title=Eye on Lok Sabha polls, Rahul Gandhi to launch Manipur to Mumbai Bharat Nyay Yatra on January 14 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-bharat-nyay-yatra-January-14-manipur-to-mumbai-9084383/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-bharat-nyay-yatra-January-14-manipur-to-mumbai-9084383/ |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The [[yatra]] started in [[Thoubal]], [[Manipur]] and ended in [[Mumbai]] on 16 March 2024.<ref name="Yatra 2.0" /> It covered 6,713 kilometres (4,171 miles) across 14 states.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Phukan |first1=Sandeep |date=27 December 2023 |title=Rahul Gandhi to lead Bharat Nyay Yatra across 14 States |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-bharat-nyay-yatra-across-14-states/article67679021.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230084650/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-leader-rahul-gandhi-to-lead-bharat-nyay-yatra-across-14-states/article67679021.ece |archive-date=30 December 2023 |access-date=30 December 2023 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN}}</ref>

[[File:भारत जोड़ो न्याय यात्रा.jpg|thumb|Attendees display banners at the gathering]]

Rahul Gandhi warned that the whole of India will be on fire if the BJP wins the 2024 parliamentary elections and changes the Constitution, during an address at Delhi's Ramlila Maidan. The party slogan for the election was "Haath Badlega Halaat".<ref name="Hawk 2024 i967">{{cite web | title="If BJP wins these match fixed elections...country will be on fire": Rahul Gandhi | website=The Hawk | date=31 March 2024 | url=https://www.thehawk.in/posts/%22if-bjp-wins-these-match-fixed-elections...country-will-be-on-fire%22:-rahul-gandhi | access-date=10 April 2024 | archive-date=3 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403011830/https://www.thehawk.in/posts/%22if-bjp-wins-these-match-fixed-elections...country-will-be-on-fire%22:-rahul-gandhi | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Khanduri 2024 d940">{{cite web | last=Khanduri | first=Shailesh | title=India will burn if BJP wins 2024 Lok Sabha polls: Rahul Gandhi at Ramlila ground | website=NewsDrum | date=31 March 2024 | url=https://www.newsdrum.in/national/india-will-burn-if-bjp-wins-2024-lok-sabha-polls-says-rahul-gandhi-at-ramlila-ground-4437655 | access-date=10 April 2024 | archive-date=18 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418192045/https://www.newsdrum.in/national/india-will-burn-if-bjp-wins-2024-lok-sabha-polls-says-rahul-gandhi-at-ramlila-ground-4437655 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bangalore Mirror 2024 j240">{{cite web | title=Race to Lok Sabha: 'If BJP wins these match fixed polls...country will be on fire' | website=Bangalore Mirror | date=1 April 2024 | url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/race-to-lok-sabha-if-bjp-wins-these-match-fixed-polls-country-will-be-on-fire/articleshow/108923732.cms | access-date=10 April 2024 | archive-date=2 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402234608/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/race-to-lok-sabha-if-bjp-wins-these-match-fixed-polls-country-will-be-on-fire/articleshow/108923732.cms | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="The Economic Times 2024 n319">{{cite web | title=INDIA Bloc Rally | website=The Economic Times | date=31 March 2024 | url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-bloc-rally-rahul-gandhi-if-bjp-wins-by-fixing-elections-country-will-be-on-fire/videoshow/108921183.cms?from=mdr | access-date=10 April 2024 | archive-date=18 April 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240418192044/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-bloc-rally-rahul-gandhi-if-bjp-wins-by-fixing-elections-country-will-be-on-fire/videoshow/108921183.cms?from=mdr | url-status=live }}</ref>

===== Crowdfunding =====
The Congress started a [[crowdfunding]] campaign known as ''Donate for Desh'' (Donate for the Country) ahead of the general elections. It formally launched the campaign's digital version on 18 December 2023 at a dedicated website. It claimed to be inspired from [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s Tilak Swaraj Fund (1920–21). The physical version of the campaign, which be done via door-to-door collection drives, was launched on 28 December.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Congress chief Mallikarjun Kharge launches 'Donate for Desh' campaign in New Delhi, gives Rs 1.38L to party |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/congress-launches-donate-for-desh-crowdfunding-campaign-in-new-delhi-2815272 |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en |archive-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218060613/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/delhi/congress-launches-donate-for-desh-crowdfunding-campaign-in-new-delhi-2815272 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 December 2023 |title=Congress announces crowdfunding campaign ahead of Lok Sabha polls |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-announces-crowdfunding-campaign-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls/article67644793.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=18 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231216122900/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-announces-crowdfunding-campaign-ahead-of-lok-sabha-polls/article67644793.ece |archive-date=16 December 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

The campaign received {{INRConvert|1.45|c}} on its first day, with the top five states in amount of donations being [[Maharashtra]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Delhi]], and [[Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 December 2023 |title=Donate for Desh: Congress raises around ₹1.5 crore through crowdfunding |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/donate-for-desh-congress-raises-around-rs-1-5-crore-in-just-one-day-through-crowdfunding-says-ajay-maken-11702964985150.html |access-date=19 December 2023 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216084635/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/donate-for-desh-congress-raises-around-rs-1-5-crore-in-just-one-day-through-crowdfunding-says-ajay-maken-11702964985150.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

By the end of 2023, the campaign received around {{INRConvert|9|c}}, with 30% of the funds being collected from [[Telangana]] and Maharashtra alone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donate for Desh |url=https://donateinc.net/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229053141/https://donateinc.net/ |archive-date=29 December 2023 |access-date=28 December 2023 |website=Donate for Desh}}</ref>

The campaign had collected about {{INRConvert|20|c}} according to the party when on 28 January, it rebranded its crowdfunding campaign to ''Donate for Nyay'' (Donate for Justice), in line with Rahul Gandhi's ongoing [[Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=27 January 2024 |title=Congress launches crowdfunding campaign for Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-launches-crowdfunding-campaign-for-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra/article67784121.ece |url-access=subscription |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=24 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524141713/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/congress-launches-crowdfunding-campaign-for-bharat-jodo-nyay-yatra/article67784121.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The ensuing crowdfunding campaign collected four crores in 4 days.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Yatra |first1=Bharat Jodo Nyay |date=1 February 2024 |title=Donate For Nyay, Raises ₹4 Crores In 4 Days |url=https://bharatjodonyayyatra.com/nyay-news/donate-for-nyay-raises-%E2%82%B94-crores-in-4-days/ |access-date=9 June 2024 |website=Bharat Jodo Nyay Yatra |language=en-US |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609072531/https://bharatjodonyayyatra.com/nyay-news/donate-for-nyay-raises-%E2%82%B94-crores-in-4-days/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=====Funding issues =====
On 16 February 2024, the Congress Party alleged that the [[Income Tax Department]] (IT) ordered the freezing of bank accounts by the Congress Party containing 2.1 billion rupees ($25.3 million) as part of an ongoing legal dispute.<ref name="frozen25m">{{Cite web |title=India's Congress says $25m frozen by tax department ahead of election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/16/indias-congress-says-25m-funds-frozen-by-tax-department-ahead-of-election |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055707/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/2/16/indias-congress-says-25m-funds-frozen-by-tax-department-ahead-of-election |url-status=live}}</ref> The Congress Party's treasurer [[Ajay Maken]] later added that tax authorities imposed a 2.1-billion rupee ($25 million) [[lien]] on 13 February, "virtually sealed" its bank accounts and confiscated 1.1 billion rupees ($14 million). The party's leader [[Rahul Gandhi]] complained that the restrictions had rendered the party unable to campaign properly, adding that "Our entire financial identity has been erased." Gandhi also accused Modi and Home Minister [[Amit Shah]] of conducting a "criminal action" against the party, which the BJP denied. His mother and former Congress leader [[Sonia Gandhi]] also alleged that the tax issues are "part of the systemic efforts to cripple" the party. An appeal is currently pending in the Supreme Court.<ref>{{Cite web |title=India's Congress party accuses government of freezing accounts before polls |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/21/indias-congress-party-accuses-government-of-freezing-accounts-before-polls |access-date=21 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055719/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/21/indias-congress-party-accuses-government-of-freezing-accounts-before-polls |url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the IT Department's official sources, it has recovered {{INR}}135 crore from the Congress for breaking the legislation exempting political parties from paying taxes, rather than freezing the party's bank accounts as the opposition party had claimed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 March 2024 |title=Cong's accounts not frozen, recovery of Rs 135 cr made; more transactions under scrutiny: Officials |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/congs-accounts-not-frozen-recovery-of-rs-135-cr-made-more-transactions-under-scrutiny-officials/articleshow/108685200.cms |access-date=22 March 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055708/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/congs-accounts-not-frozen-recovery-of-rs-135-cr-made-more-transactions-under-scrutiny-officials/articleshow/108685200.cms |url-status=live}}</ref> The party received notices from the IT department again on 29 March asking it to pay {{INRConvert|1823.08|c|0}}. The Congress accused the BJP of engaging in "tax terrorism" and alleged that the BJP is in serious violation of [[Income tax in India|income-tax laws]] and that the IT department should raise a demand of {{INRConvert|4617.58|c|0}} crore from the BJP for such violations.<ref>{{cite news |last1=M. R. |first1=Senjo |title=Cong gets fresh IT notices for Rs 1,800 cr; alleges it's tax terrorism |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/cong-gets-fresh-it-notices-for-rs-1800-cr-alleges-its-tax-terrorism/20240329.htm |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=Rediff |date=29 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329100605/https://www.rediff.com/news/report/cong-gets-fresh-it-notices-for-rs-1800-cr-alleges-its-tax-terrorism/20240329.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Communist Party of India (Marxist)====
{{main|Communist Party of India (Marxist) campaign for the 2024 Indian general election}}
The [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] began their election campaign in Kerala after announcing 15 candidates in the state.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 February 2024 |title=CPI announces candidates in Kerala for Lok Sabha elections |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-announces-candidates-in-kerala-for-lok-sabha-elections/article67888737.ece |access-date=18 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417171435/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cpi-announces-candidates-in-kerala-for-lok-sabha-elections/article67888737.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Rashtriya Janata Dal ====
The [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] began its campaign with its ''Jan Vishwas Yatra'' ("People's Trust Yatra") on 20 February 2024. RJD leader [[Tejashwi Yadav]] launched the yatra from [[Muzaffarpur]] in [[Bihar]]. The yatra lasted until 1 March 2024 and covered 33 districts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2024 |title=Bihar: Tejashwi Yadav to kickstart Jan Vishwas Yatra tomorrow |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-tejashwi-yadav-to-kickstart-jan-vishwas-yatra-tomorrow/articleshow/107830062.cms?from=mdr |access-date=25 February 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225065335/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar-tejashwi-yadav-to-kickstart-jan-vishwas-yatra-tomorrow/articleshow/107830062.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Dev |title=Tejashwi Yadav begins Jan Vishwas Yatra, slams Nitish Kumar in kickoff to Lok Sabha campaign |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tejashwi-yadav-begins-jan-vishwas-yatra-slams-nitish-kumar-in-kickoff-to-lok-sabha-poll-campaign/cid/2001898 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2024 |date=21 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225064951/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tejashwi-yadav-begins-jan-vishwas-yatra-slams-nitish-kumar-in-kickoff-to-lok-sabha-poll-campaign/cid/2001898 |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Siwan, Bihar|Siwan]] on 23 February, Yadav termed the BJP "a dustbin" which takes in other parties that have become "garbage".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bhelari |first=Amit |date=23 February 2024 |title=Impressive turnout at Tejashwi's Jan Vishwas Yatra in Bihar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/impressive-turnout-at-tejashwis-jan-vishwas-yatra-in-bihar/article67874416.ece |access-date=25 February 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225070035/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/impressive-turnout-at-tejashwis-jan-vishwas-yatra-in-bihar/article67874416.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=Dev |date=23 February 2023 |title=Tejashwi Yadav slams BJP for giving swords in hands of people, becoming 'dustbin' |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tejashwi-prasad-yadav-blames-bjp-of-giving-swords-in-hands-of-people-and-for-becoming-dustbin/cid/2002341 |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=[[The Telegraph (India)]] |language=en |archive-date=25 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225070035/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/tejashwi-prasad-yadav-blames-bjp-of-giving-swords-in-hands-of-people-and-for-becoming-dustbin/cid/2002341 |url-status=live}}</ref>

====Aam Aadmi Party====
{{Further information|Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal}}
The election period also coincided with investigations by authorities into state officials belonging to opposition parties, such as [[Delhi]] Chief Minister and [[Aam Aadmi Party]] leader [[Arvind Kejriwal]], who was under investigation for alleged corruption in the [[Delhi liquor scam|allocation of liquor licences]], and [[Jharkhand]] Chief Minister [[Hemant Soren]], who was arrested in February 2024 for allegedly facilitating an illegal land sale. The [[Enforcement Directorate]] is also investigating four chief ministers not allied with the BJP on various charges, while investigations have been closed on former opposition politicians who have since joined the BJP. [[Hartosh Singh Bal]], a journalist for the current affairs magazine ''[[The Caravan]]'' told [[Agence France-Presse]] that the move by government agencies indicated their behavior as "handmaidens of the ruling party to cow down the political opposition".<ref name="frozen25m" />

Following [[Arrest of Arvind Kejriwal|Kejriwal's arrest]] on 21 March over the liquor license scam charges, Delhi's finance minister [[Atishi Singh|Atishi Marlena Singh]] accused the BJP of orchestrating a "political conspiracy" against Kejriwal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian opposition leader Arvind Kejriwal arrested over corruption claims |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/21/india-capitals-chief-minister-arrested-over-graft-probe-ahead-of-elections |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060228/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/21/india-capitals-chief-minister-arrested-over-graft-probe-ahead-of-elections |url-status=live}}</ref> His arrest also led to clashes between party leaders, supporters and the police on 22 March.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Modi rival is arrested. Now, supporters of the opposition leader are protesting in India's capital |url=https://apnews.com/article/arvind-kejriwal-new-delhi-india-election-3227e705b58b3925a78e4517b2a30572 |access-date=22 March 2024 |website=Associated Press |date=22 March 2024 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060229/https://apnews.com/article/arvind-kejriwal-new-delhi-india-election-3227e705b58b3925a78e4517b2a30572 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rahul Gandhi, reacting to Kejriwal's arrest, said that a "scared dictator" wants to create a "dead democracy", without naming anyone.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi's first reaction after Arvind Kejriwal's arrest: 'Scared dictator wants to create a dead democracy' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhis-first-reaction-after-kejriwals-arrest-scared-dictator-wants-to-create-a-dead-democracy-101711039757573.html |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060226/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhis-first-reaction-after-kejriwals-arrest-scared-dictator-wants-to-create-a-dead-democracy-101711039757573.html |url-status=live}}</ref> After he was released on bail and allowed to vote, Kejriwal urged citizens to "vote against dictatorship".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indian Opposition Politician Kejriwal Urges 'Vote Against Dictatorship' |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/indian-opposition-politician-kejriwal-urges-vote-against-dictatorship-cb1a1d52 |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Barron's |language=en |date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525165418/https://www.barrons.com/news/indian-opposition-politician-kejriwal-urges-vote-against-dictatorship-cb1a1d52 |url-status=live }}</ref> He then returned to prison as part of his bail conditions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Indian opposition leader returns to jail, vows to fight 'dictatorship' as Modi eyes victory |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240602-top-indian-opposition-leader-returns-to-jail-vows-to-fight-dictatorship-as-modi-eyes-victory |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=France 24 |language=en |date=2 June 2024 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602142047/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240602-top-indian-opposition-leader-returns-to-jail-vows-to-fight-dictatorship-as-modi-eyes-victory |url-status=live }}</ref>

The BJP-led government has been known to use Enforcement Directorate raids to target opposition politicians critical of it, with 95% of cases registered being against opposition leaders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2022 |title=Enforcement Directorate: The Rise And Rise Of 'ED Sarkar' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901113946/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/enforcement-directorate-the-rise-and-rise-of-ed-sarkar--news-212317 |archive-date=1 September 2023 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=Outlook India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Does the All-Powerful Enforcement Directorate Have a Director? |url=https://thewire.in/government/does-the-all-powerful-enforcement-directorate-have-a-director |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Wire |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055659/https://thewire.in/government/does-the-all-powerful-enforcement-directorate-have-a-director |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Anand |first1=Dibyesh |last2=Kaul |first2=Nitasha |date=14 April 2023 |title=India: Rahul Gandhi's defamation trial highlights drift away from democracy under Narendra Modi |url=http://theconversation.com/india-rahul-gandhis-defamation-trial-highlights-drift-away-from-democracy-under-narendra-modi-203852 |access-date=23 March 2024 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328055814/http://theconversation.com/india-rahul-gandhis-defamation-trial-highlights-drift-away-from-democracy-under-narendra-modi-203852 |url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2014, 25 opposition leaders facing corruption charges have joined the BJP, with 23 of them having their inquiries closed or frozen after joining the ruling party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2024 |title=Since 2014, 25 Opposition leaders facing corruption probe crossed over to BJP, 23 of them got reprieve |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/since-2014-25-opposition-leaders-facing-corruption-probe-crossed-over-to-bjp-23-of-them-got-reprieve-9247737/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=3 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240403130635/https://indianexpress.com/article/express-exclusive/since-2014-25-opposition-leaders-facing-corruption-probe-crossed-over-to-bjp-23-of-them-got-reprieve-9247737/ |url-status=live }}</ref> This has led the Congress Party to compare the trend to a "washing machine" in one of its campaign videos.<ref name="animation"/>

==== Shiv Sena ====
After an intraparty dispute that led to the splitting of the [[Shiv Sena]] party based in [[Maharashtra]], the Supreme Court of India barred the [[Shiv Sena (UBT)]] faction which joined the I.N.D.I.A. alliance from using the party's historic bow-and-arrow symbol as its electoral symbol in balloting and awarded it instead to the [[Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena]] wing which joined the NDA. This led the UBT faction to adopt a torch as its electoral symbol.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The taxman cometh for India's weakened opposition as Modi eyes election victory |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240414-taxman-cometh-india-weakened-opposition-modi-eyes-election-victory-bjp |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=France 24 |date=14 April 2024 |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414095024/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240414-taxman-cometh-india-weakened-opposition-modi-eyes-election-victory-bjp |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Party manifestos ===
==== Bharatiya Janata Party ====
{{Main|Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for the 2024 Indian general election#Manifesto}}
The BJP proposed a 'GYAN' formula consisting of four segments – Garib (poor), Yuva (youth), Annadata (farmers) and Nari (women) in its manifesto.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 January 2024 |title=BJP Lok Sabha election manifesto: PM Modi seeks views from India's youth |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjp-lok-sabha-election-manifesto-pm-modi-seeks-views-from-indias-youth/articleshow/107138211.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060734/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjp-lok-sabha-election-manifesto-pm-modi-seeks-views-from-indias-youth/articleshow/107138211.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=25 March 2024 |website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The Bharatiya Janata Party started a campaign to gather public recommendations and suggestions for the advancement of the State and the country, which will be incorporated into the party's manifesto titled 'Modi ki guarantee' for the 2024 general elections.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 March 2024 |title=BJP starts campaign to collect public suggestions for party's manifesto |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bjp-starts-campaign-to-collect-public-suggestions-for-partys-manifesto/article67955173.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060739/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/bjp-starts-campaign-to-collect-public-suggestions-for-partys-manifesto/article67955173.ece |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=27 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lok Sabha polls 2024: PM Modi asks youth of India to contribute to BJP's manifesto |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-manifesto-pm-modi-lok-sabha-polls-2024-2493482-2024-01-25 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060637/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/bjp-manifesto-pm-modi-lok-sabha-polls-2024-2493482-2024-01-25 |archive-date=28 March 2024 |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=India Today |date=25 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=Ayushman Cover for 70+, UCC to One Nation, One Poll & Man on Moon: BJP's Poll Manifesto Highlights |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/ayushman-cover-for-70-ucc-to-one-nation-one-elections-man-on-moon-bjps-lok-sabha-poll-manifesto-highlights-8851020.html |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414114014/https://www.news18.com/elections/ayushman-cover-for-70-ucc-to-one-nation-one-elections-man-on-moon-bjps-lok-sabha-poll-manifesto-highlights-8851020.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJP Releases 'Modi Ki Guarantee' Manifesto, Congress Calls It Apology |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-2024-election-manifesto-focuses-on-uplifting-women-poor-and-youth-5437817 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414075830/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bjps-2024-election-manifesto-focuses-on-uplifting-women-poor-and-youth-5437817 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Modi Ki Guarantee' For Youth, Women, Farmers: Highlights Of BJP Manifesto |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/modi-ki-guarantee-for-youth-women-farmers-highlights-of-bjp-manifesto-5438279 |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=15 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415021319/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/modi-ki-guarantee-for-youth-women-farmers-highlights-of-bjp-manifesto-5438279 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2024 |title=BJP's Lok Sabha poll manifesto highlights: UCC implementation, maintaining peace in Northeast |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-polls-2024-bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-highlights-pm-modi/article68064276.ece |access-date=14 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414140907/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-polls-2024-bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-highlights-pm-modi/article68064276.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 April 2024 |title=BJP manifesto key takeaways: From CAA, one nation one election, to hosting Olympics in 2036 |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-key-highlights-9268858/ |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414143650/https://indianexpress.com/elections/bjp-manifesto-sankalp-patra-key-highlights-9268858/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam:''' In order to assure women's representation in the legislatures of the states and the national leadership, the BJP pledged to systematically implement the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.
* '''Lakhpati Didi''': 30,000,000 rural women are being empowered to become "Lakhpati Didis".
* '''Free ration:''' Under the PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana, the BJP announced that it would give 800,000,000 citizens free rations for the next five years.
* '''Increasing MSP:''' on crops on a periodic basis was pledged in the manifesto. 6,000 rupees in annual financial support under the PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana.
* '''Free electricity:''' The PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana's free power for low-income homes was another pledge in the manifesto.
* '''3 Crore house:''' In the PM Housing Scheme, the BJP manifesto pledges to build 30,000,000 houses, people with disabilities will now be given priority, and care will be taken to make sure they are housed in accordance with their unique requirements.
* '''For youngsters:''' BJP pledge to enact laws to stop the leak of competitive test question papers. Increase the startup ecosystem's reach to encourage youth entrepreneurship. Expanding job prospects in the manufacturing sector. Creating jobs through the development of infrastructure. Creating jobs through growing the tourism industry.
* '''For truck drivers:''' Construction of modern buildings with facilities which allows truck drivers to rest, park, and have access to clean drinking water and food on all national highways.
* '''One Nation, One Election:''' In its manifesto, or Sankalp Patra, the BJP includes "[[One Nation, One Election]]," for the general elections. This implies that simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and all the state assemblies may take place in 2029.<ref name="onenation">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2024 |title=Exclusive: BJP's Lok Sabha Poll Manifesto Could Promise 'One Nation, One Election' And Uniform Civil Code |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/exclusive-bjps-lok-sabha-poll-manifesto-could-promise-one-nation-one-election-and-uniform-civil-code-8822934.html |access-date=27 March 2024 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=27 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240327144056/https://www.news18.com/elections/exclusive-bjps-lok-sabha-poll-manifesto-could-promise-one-nation-one-election-and-uniform-civil-code-8822934.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Uniform Civil Code''': The manifesto includes the implementation of the [[Uniform Civil Code]] (UCC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Modi's BJP promises common civil code ahead of India polls |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240414-modi-s-bjp-promises-common-civil-code-ahead-of-india-polls |access-date=14 April 2024 |website=France 24 |date=14 April 2024 |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414094955/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20240414-modi-s-bjp-promises-common-civil-code-ahead-of-india-polls |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Free Ayushman for all senior citizens:''' Under the [[Ayushman Bharat Yojana]], all senior citizens would be eligible for free, high-quality healthcare up to Rs 5 Lakhs.
* '''US$5 trillion economy''': The BJP pledges to increase India's GDP to US$5 trillion by 2025 and $10 trillion by 2032. The [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]] has predicted that India's economy will rank third overall in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 January 2024 |title=India to become third largest economy with GDP of $5 trillion in three years: Finance Ministry |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/india-to-become-third-largest-economy-with-gdp-of-5-trillion-in-three-years-finance-ministry/article67788662.ece |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329044207/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/india-to-become-third-largest-economy-with-gdp-of-5-trillion-in-three-years-finance-ministry/article67788662.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How fencing the Indo-Myanmar border is a long overdue idea |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-fencing-the-indo-myanmar-border-is-a-long-overdue-idea-2520325-2024-03-28 |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=India Today |date=28 March 2024 |language=en |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328153617/https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/how-fencing-the-indo-myanmar-border-is-a-long-overdue-idea-2520325-2024-03-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> Earlier in 2018 and then again in 2019, Modi had stated the goal of the country reaching a GDP of US$5 trillion by 2022 and 2024 respectively, which went unrealized.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 2018 |title=Economy will double to $5 trillion by 2022, says Modi |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/indian-economy-to-reach-5-trillion-size-by-2022-says-pm-narendra-modi/article24997549.ece |access-date=7 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407092849/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/indian-economy-to-reach-5-trillion-size-by-2022-says-pm-narendra-modi/article24997549.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2019 |title=Modi says wants to make India a $5 trillion economy by 2024 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1XN2RT/ |access-date=7 April 2024 |website=[[Reuters]] |archive-date=7 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407092850/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN1XN2RT/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''United Nations Security Council:''' committed to securing India's [[UN Security Council]] permanent membership.
* '''Crack down on terrorism''': Initiatives to create partnership to eliminate global terror and crack down on terror funding.
* '''Left wing extremism''': Fighting Left-Wing Extremism by promoting growth and utilizing a variety of approaches.
* '''Third-largest economic power''': India will rank as the country with the third-largest GDP. India's rank rose from the 11th to the 5th largest GDP in the last ten years.
* '''Man on Moon and Bharatiya Antariksha Station:''' to establish a permanent [[Bharatiya Antariksha Station]] and send a man to the moon.

==== Indian National Congress ====
{{main|Indian National Congress campaign for the 2024 Indian general election#Manifesto}}
The Congress released their group-specific [[manifesto]] promises for the general election in the month of March.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi to launch 'youth manifesto' of Congress party for Lok Sabha polls today |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/rahul-gandhi-to-launch-youth-manifesto-of-congress-party-for-lok-sabha-polls-today-1503276448.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240306075331/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/rahul-gandhi-to-launch-youth-manifesto-of-congress-party-for-lok-sabha-polls-today-1503276448.html |archive-date=6 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref> The manifesto focuses on five major segments of the population and promises them:
* '''Youth Manifesto''': formal employment for a year to under 25 graduate students, filling of 3,000,000 government job vacancies, transparency in government job recruitment, ₹5,000 crore (US$605,000) fund for startups, standardisation of the government recruitment exam process, and social security for gig workers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 2024 |title=30 lakh govt jobs, Rs 5,000cr fund for startups: Congress unveils youth-centric manifesto |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-polls-congress-vows-30-lakh-govt-jobs-laws-on-paper-leaks-in-youth-manifesto/articleshow/108296814.cms |access-date=8 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307104204/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/lok-sabha-polls-congress-vows-30-lakh-govt-jobs-laws-on-paper-leaks-in-youth-manifesto/articleshow/108296814.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 March 2024 |title=Assured job, freedom from paper leaks: Rahul Gandhi's 2024 LS poll promises |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/rahul-gandhi-promises-jobs-for-youth-social-security-for-gig-workers-ahead-of-lok-sabha-2024-polls-11709807882343.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307130555/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/rahul-gandhi-promises-jobs-for-youth-social-security-for-gig-workers-ahead-of-lok-sabha-2024-polls-11709807882343.html |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=mint}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=C G, Manoj |date=7 March 2024 |title='Our apprenticeship promise is like MNREGA. We will make it a legal right ... a world first': Congress manifesto panel member |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/congress-lok-sabha-elections-manifesto-rahul-gandhi-9201644/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307145132/https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/congress-lok-sabha-elections-manifesto-rahul-gandhi-9201644/ |archive-date=7 March 2024 |access-date=7 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
* '''Women Manifesto''': ₹100,000 in financial assistance to women from poor families, 50% of new government job recruitments to women, double central government's contribution to the salary of [[anganwadi]], [[Accredited Social Health Activist|ASHA]], and [[Midday Meal Scheme|midday meal workers]], legal assistance in every [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]], and at least one hostel for working women in district headquarters.<ref>{{cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=₹1 lakh cash transfer, 50% quota in jobs: Congress's 5 big poll promises for women voters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1-lakh-cash-transfer-50-quota-in-jobs-congresss-5-big-poll-promises-for-women-voters-101710316559876.html |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328060740/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/1-lakh-cash-transfer-50-quota-in-jobs-congresss-5-big-poll-promises-for-women-voters-101710316559876.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Bose |first=Mrityunjay |title=Congress unveils guarantees for women ahead of 2024 Lok Sabha elections |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/congress-unveils-guarantees-for-women-ahead-of-2024-lok-sabha-elections-2934482 |access-date=13 March 2024 |website=Deccan Herald |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328061220/https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/congress-unveils-guarantees-for-women-ahead-of-2024-lok-sabha-elections-2934482 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Farmers Manifesto''': legal guarantee on [[Minimum support price (India)|MSP]] for farmers, waiving off of farmers' loans, an import-export policy favourable to them, removal of [[Goods and Services Tax (India)|GST]] from agricultural commodities, and payments directly into farmers' bank accounts within 30 days in case of crop loss.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 March 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi announces Congress' 5 big poll promises to farmers: MSP, agriculture loan waiver... |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-announces-congress-5-big-poll-promises-to-farmers-msp-agriculture-loan-waiver-101710413734047.html |access-date=18 March 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=28 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328061221/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rahul-gandhi-announces-congress-5-big-poll-promises-to-farmers-msp-agriculture-loan-waiver-101710413734047.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Labourers Manifesto''': Universal healthcare coverage for workers, increasing national minimum wage to ₹400 (US$4.8) per day from the current ₹172 (US$2.1) per day, an urban employment guarantee law similar to [[Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005|MGNREGA]] in the rural areas, life and accident insurance for informal sector workers.<ref>{{cite news |date=16 March 2024 |title=Lok Sabha polls: Congress unveils 5 guarantees each for 'Shramik Nyay' and 'Hissedari Nyay, promises caste census |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-unveils-5-guarantees-each-for-shramik-nyay-and-hissedari-nyay-promises-caste-census/articleshow/108543704.cms |access-date=31 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331232849/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-unveils-5-guarantees-each-for-shramik-nyay-and-hissedari-nyay-promises-caste-census/articleshow/108543704.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2024 |title=Congress pledges national minimum wage at Rs 400 a day if voted to office |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cong-pledges-national-minimum-wage-at-rs-400-a-day-if-voted-to-office/articleshow/108800238.cms |access-date=31 March 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331232850/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cong-pledges-national-minimum-wage-at-rs-400-a-day-if-voted-to-office/articleshow/108800238.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Caste census''': The Congress party declared that, if it wins the election, it will conduct a comprehensive census called to survey the population, socio-economic conditions, and representation in governance institutions. It also promised to bring in legislation to eliminate the 50% cap on reservations for SC, ST, and backward classes and to protect tribal forest rights.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 October 2023 |title=Congress sets its poll line, bats for caste census |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-says-cwc-unanimously-supports-idea-of-nationwide-caste-census-8974891/ |access-date=29 March 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=29 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240329150424/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-says-cwc-unanimously-supports-idea-of-nationwide-caste-census-8974891/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Rahul Gandhi's call for "jitni abadi, utna haq" (distribution of public resources proportionate to the population) and the combined demands of the opposition parties (SP, RJD, and Congress) for a caste census.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2024 |title=Akhilesh Yadav and Rahul Gandhi's strategy — promise of caste census and more reservation |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/akhilesh-yadav-and-rahul-gandhis-strategy-promise-of-caste-census-and-more-reservation-9356524/ |access-date=29 May 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=29 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529132944/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/akhilesh-yadav-and-rahul-gandhis-strategy-promise-of-caste-census-and-more-reservation-9356524/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The complete manifesto titled ''Nyay Patra'' ({{langx|hi|न्याय पत्र |translation=Justice Paper}}) was released on 5 April 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian National Congress 2024 Manifesto |url=https://inc.in/media/manifesto |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=Indian National Congress |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406191855/https://inc.in/media/manifesto |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=5 April 2024 |title=Congress promises ' ₹1 lakh for poor Indian family' in 'Nyay Patra' |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-releases-manifesto-for-lok-sabha-polls-2024-with-nyay-theme-11712296628943.html |access-date=6 April 2024 |website=mint |archive-date=6 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240406200032/https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/congress-releases-manifesto-for-lok-sabha-polls-2024-with-nyay-theme-11712296628943.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Some noticeable points in the manifesto include (apart from above promises released earlier) the:
* Introduction of a law to recognize civil unions between couples belonging to the [[LGBT|LGBTQIA+ community]].
* Implementation of the [[Third Gehlot ministry|Rajasthan Model]] of cashless insurance up to 2,500,000 for [[Universal health care|universal healthcare]].
* Prohibitions on dumping of effluents into water bodies across India.
* Increasing of forest cover as India has lost the second – highest forest cover after Brazil between 2015 and 2020.
* Establishment of community sports centers at every block and municipality level as well as multi – sport center at every district level.
* Establishment of government medical colleges – cum – hospitals in all districts of India.
* Abolition of the [[Agnipath Scheme]] and a return to the normal recruitment processes followed by the Army, Navy and Air Force.
* Waiving of student education loans as a one – time measure outstanding as of 15 March 2024.
* Provision of one day in a week to discuss the agenda suggested by the opposition benches in each [[Parliament of India|House of Parliament]].
* Non – intervention with personal choices of food and dress, to love and marry, and to travel and reside in any part of India. All laws and rules that interfere unreasonably with personal freedoms will be repealed.
* Decriminalisation of the offence of defamation and provide, by law, a speedy remedy by way of civil damages.
* Rejection of the 'One Nation One Election' idea.
* Establishment of a National Judicial Commission (NJC) responsible for the selection and appointment of judges of the High Courts and the Supreme Court.
* Amending of the Constitution to create two divisions in the Supreme Court: a Constitutional Court and a Court of Appeal. The Constitutional Court consisting of the seven most senior judges will hear and decide cases involving the interpretation of the Constitution and other cases of legal significance or national importance. The Court of Appeal will be the final court of appeal that will, sitting in Benches of three judges each, hear appeals from the High Court and National Tribunals.
* Elimination of the "Angel tax" and all other exploitative tax schemes that inhibit investment in new micro, small companies and innovative start-ups.

==Misinformation==
Narendra Modi, on 21 April during an election campaign rally in Rajasthan, falsely claimed that former Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]] once said "Muslims have the first right on the country's resources". However, Singh's speech also mentioned backward communities, including [[scheduled caste]]s, [[scheduled tribe]]s, [[Other Backward Class]]es, women, children, and minorities.<ref name="g511">{{cite web | last=Kaskar | first=Zeeshan | title=Fact-Check: Did PM Modi Lie About Manmohan Singh s First Claim Statement? | website=The Wire | date=23 April 2024 | url=https://m.thewire.in/article/communalism/modi-muslims-manmohan-sigh-first-claim/amp | access-date=3 June 2024 | archive-date=4 June 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604040013/https://m.thewire.in/article/communalism/modi-muslims-manmohan-sigh-first-claim/amp | url-status=live }}</ref> Modi falsely claimed that Rahul Gandhi had not named [[Gautam Adani]] and [[Mukesh Ambani]] throughout the elections. Gandhi had mentioned Adani and Ambani about 25 times.<ref name="w198">{{cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Ankita |title=Fact Check: PM Modi's Claim About Rahul Gandhi's 'Sudden Silence On Adani And Ambani' Is False |website=ABP Live |date=11 May 2024 |url=https://news.abplive.com/fact-check/pm-modi-false-claim-rahul-gandhi-sudden-silence-on-adani-and-ambani-1686616 |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510223120/https://news.abplive.com/fact-check/pm-modi-false-claim-rahul-gandhi-sudden-silence-on-adani-and-ambani-1686616 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2024, the [[BBC]] reported that [[Generative artificial intelligence]] and deepfake videos were allegedly used by both the BJP and the opposition parties in the 2024 elections.<ref name ="BBC DeepFake">{{cite news |date=16 May 2024 |title=AI and deepfakes blur reality in India elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918330 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516141840/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918330 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

An alleged doctored video of BJP leader [[Amit Shah]]’s speech regarding reservations in Telangana on April 23 was posted by Telangana Congress on the social media platform X (formerly Twitter), where Amit Shah was falsely shown to be announcing the curtailment of reservations granted to the SC, ST, & OBC communities.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2024 |title=Amit Shah: Share information on disseminator of fake video, will take action |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/share-information-on-disseminator-of-fake-video-will-take-action-amit-shah/article68124056.ece |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610235230/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/share-information-on-disseminator-of-fake-video-will-take-action-amit-shah/article68124056.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Shah accused the opposition of tampering with his video, leading to the registration of an [[First information report|FIR]] and a summons being issued to [[Telangana]]'s Chief Minister [[Revanth Reddy]].<ref>{{cite web |date=3 May 2024 |title=Telangana origin of Amit Shah's doctored video: 'X' to police |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/telangana-origin-of-amit-shahs-doctored-video-x-to-police-9304547/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516200623/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/telangana-origin-of-amit-shahs-doctored-video-x-to-police-9304547/ |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> The police arrested two people, one from the Congress party, and another from the opposition Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) in connection with Shah's case.<ref name="BBC DeepFake2">{{cite news |date=16 May 2024 |title=AI and deepfakes blur reality in India elections |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918330 |url-status=live |publisher=BBC News |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516141840/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-68918330 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The arrested Congress worker was associated with its social media unit, and was alleged to have created the video.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 April 2024 |title=Amit Shah doctored video case: Amit Shah fake video case: Delhi Police arrest Congress member Arun Reddy |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/amit-shah-fake-video-case-delhi-police-arrest-arun-reddy-who-handles-the-spirit-of-congress-x-account/articleshow/109820948.cms |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610235229/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/amit-shah-fake-video-case-delhi-police-arrest-arun-reddy-who-handles-the-spirit-of-congress-x-account/articleshow/109820948.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=7 May 2024 |title=Indian politician called to scrap affirmative action for Muslims, not lower castes |url=https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.34QK8QU |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601035812/https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.34QK8QU |archive-date=1 June 2024 |access-date=1 June 2024 |website=AFP Fact Check}}</ref> The Congress Party denied the involvement of its worker in this case.<ref>{{cite web |date=4 May 2024 |title=Top India opposition official held over edited video |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4n125l69w2o |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240504140906/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4n125l69w2o |archive-date=4 May 2024 |access-date=4 May 2024 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>

In June 2024, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' noted throughout the elections, associates and supporters of the BJP circulated [[Fake news in India|fake news]] in order to discredit its opponents and spread hatred against religious minorities.<ref name="g369">{{cite magazine |last=Rajvanshi |first=Astha |title=How Modi's Supporters Spread Disinformation on Social Media |magazine=Time |date=3 June 2024 |url=https://time.com/6984947/india-election-disinformation-modi/ |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603162254/https://time.com/6984947/india-election-disinformation-modi/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

== Surveys and polls ==
=== Opinion polls ===
{{Transcluded section|Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election#Seats and vote share projections}}
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Seats and vote share projections}}

=== Exit polls ===
{{#section-h:Opinion polling for the 2024 Indian general election|Exit polls}}

== Voting ==
[[File:Polling officials are carrying Electronic Voting Machine (EVMs) and other election related materials required for the 5th Phase of General Elections-2024 at Serampore, in West Bengal on May 19, 2024.jpg|thumb|Polling officials carrying electronic voting machine (EVMs) and other election related materials for the 5th Phase of the General Elections at [[Sreerampur]], [[West Bengal]] on 19 May 2024.]][[File:A senior citizen above 80 is casting his vote from home in Bhopal -02.jpg|thumb|A senior citizen is casting his vote from home in [[Bhopal]]]]
* The Phase 1 voting was conducted on 19 April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=2024 LS polls: First phase of voting underway for 102 seats across India |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/2024-ls-polls-first-phase-of-voting-underway-for-102-seats-across-india |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425122228/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/2024-ls-polls-first-phase-of-voting-underway-for-102-seats-across-india |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Arunachal Pradesh phase 1 voting underway. Here are the key candidates |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-arunachal-pradesh-to-vote-in-phase-1-here-are-the-key-candidates-711894 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=WION |language=en-US |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427170553/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-arunachal-pradesh-to-vote-in-phase-1-here-are-the-key-candidates-711894 |url-status=live}}</ref> Re-polling in 11 polling stations of [[Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Inner Manipur]] was held on 22 April due to violence.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Repolling underway at 11 polling stations in Inner Manipur Lok Sabha constituency |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/repolling-underway-at-11-polling-stations-in-inner-manipur-lok-sabha-constituency/3464333/ |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=Financialexpress |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422061026/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/repolling-underway-at-11-polling-stations-in-inner-manipur-lok-sabha-constituency/3464333/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Repolling at 11 polling stations in Inner Manipur Lok Sabha seat begins |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/manipur-repolling-updates-11-polling-stations-vote-again-in-inner-manipur-lok-sabha-elections-2024-2024-04-22-927367 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422061123/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/manipur-repolling-updates-11-polling-stations-vote-again-in-inner-manipur-lok-sabha-elections-2024-2024-04-22-927367 |archive-date=22 April 2024 |access-date=22 April 2024 |website=www.indiatvnews.com}}</ref> Re-polling was conducted for eight polling stations in [[Arunachal Pradesh]] on 24 April due to reports of violence and EVM damage.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Election 2024: Repolling Underway Across Eight Polling Stations In Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024-repolling-underway-across-eight-polling-stations-in-arunachal-pradesh-10156101 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=English Jagran |archive-date=24 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240424021227/https://english.jagran.com/elections/lok-sabha-election-2024-repolling-underway-across-eight-polling-stations-in-arunachal-pradesh-10156101 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=24 April 2024 |title=Repoll underway in 8 polling stations of Arunachal Pradesh |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/arunachal-assembly-election/video/repoll-underway-in-8-polling-stations-of-arunachal-pradesh-989301-2024-04-24 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=India Today NE |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427170501/https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/arunachal-assembly-election/video/repoll-underway-in-8-polling-stations-of-arunachal-pradesh-989301-2024-04-24 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 2 voting was conducted on 26 April 2024.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha elections Phase 2: Voting underway; Rahul Gandhi, Hema Malini in fray |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-voting-underway-in-88-seats-in-phase-2-101714092295906.html |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426045441/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-2024-voting-underway-in-88-seats-in-phase-2-101714092295906.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 April 2024 |title=India election: Second phase of voting begins |url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-election-second-phase-of-voting-begins/a-68924660 |access-date=26 April 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426190710/https://www.dw.com/en/india-election-second-phase-of-voting-begins/a-68924660 |url-status=live}}</ref> Re-polling was conducted on 29 April for a polling station in [[Chamarajanagar Lok Sabha constituency|Chamarajanagar]] due to violence and EVM damage<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=Repolling held peacefully at one polling booth in Chamarajanagar LS segment in Karnataka |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/repolling-held-peacefully-at-one-polling-booth-in-chamarajanagar-ls-segment-in-karnataka-101714451775343.html |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430140234/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/repolling-held-peacefully-at-one-polling-booth-in-chamarajanagar-ls-segment-in-karnataka-101714451775343.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=29 April 2024 |title=Repolling underway at one polling booth in Chamarajanagar LS segment in Karnataka |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/repolling-underway-at-one-polling-booth-in-chamarajanagar-ls-segment-in-karnataka-19403741.htm/ |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=CNBCTV18 |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430140232/https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/repolling-underway-at-one-polling-booth-in-chamarajanagar-ls-segment-in-karnataka-19403741.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> and for six polling stations in [[Outer Manipur Lok Sabha constituency|Outer Manipur]] on 30 April due to violence, EVM damage and forced voting allegedly carried out by unidentified armed individuals.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=LS Polls 2024: Repolling underway in 6 polling stations of Outer Manipur seat |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/ls-polls-2024-repolling-underway-in-6-polling-stations-of-outer-manipur-seat/ |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=Northeast Live |language=en-US |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430142335/https://northeastlivetv.com/topnews/ls-polls-2024-repolling-underway-in-6-polling-stations-of-outer-manipur-seat/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=30 April 2024 |title=Manipur Lok Sabha elections 2024: 81.16 per cent voter turnout recorded in repolling in Outer LS seat |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/story/manipur-lok-sabha-elections-2024-8116-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-repolling-in-outer-ls-seat-995341-2024-04-30 |access-date=30 April 2024 |website=India Today NE |archive-date=30 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430140248/https://www.indiatodayne.in/elections/story/manipur-lok-sabha-elections-2024-8116-per-cent-voter-turnout-recorded-in-repolling-in-outer-ls-seat-995341-2024-04-30 |url-status=live}}</ref> Re-polling was also conducted for a polling station in [[Ajmer Lok Sabha constituency|Ajmer]] on 2 May 2024, due to a misplaced voters' register.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=2 May 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Re-polling underway at Nandsi voting booth in Rajasthan's Ajmer |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/lok-sabha-elections-2024-ajmer-repolling-nandsi-voting-booth-rajasthan-753-voters-election-commission-masuda-vidhan-sabha-bjp-congress-latest-2024-05-02-929131 |access-date=2 May 2024 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502200659/https://www.indiatvnews.com/rajasthan/lok-sabha-elections-2024-ajmer-repolling-nandsi-voting-booth-rajasthan-753-voters-election-commission-masuda-vidhan-sabha-bjp-congress-latest-2024-05-02-929131 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2024 |title=Repolling underway in one polling booth in Ajmer LS seat |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/repolling-underway-in-one-polling-booth-in-ajmer-ls-seat-1503296350.html |access-date=2 May 2024 |website=The Statesman |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502133501/https://www.thestatesman.com/india/repolling-underway-in-one-polling-booth-in-ajmer-ls-seat-1503296350.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 3 voting was conducted on 7 May 2024. The voter turnout for the third phase of Lok Sabha elections reached 65.68%. In this phase, 17.24 crore ({{crore|17.24}}) citizens, comprising 8.85 crore ({{crore|8.85}}) men and 8.39 crore ({{crore|8.39}}) women, were eligible to cast their votes.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 May 2024 |title=Lok Sabha polls: Voter turnout in Phase 3 at 65.68%, says ECI |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-polls-voter-turnout-in-phase-3-at-6568-says-ec/article68165038.ece |access-date=12 May 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=11 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511203712/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-polls-voter-turnout-in-phase-3-at-6568-says-ec/article68165038.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 4 voting was conducted on 13 May 2024, in which 96 constituencies voted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Siddiqui |first1=Usaid |last2=Asrar |first2=Nadim |date=13 May 2024 |title=India election 2024 updates: Modi, rivals fight Phase 4 of Lok Sabha vote |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/13/india-election-2024-live-news-fourth-phase-vote-in-lok-sabha-polls-begins |access-date=20 May 2024 |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520184154/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/13/india-election-2024-live-news-fourth-phase-vote-in-lok-sabha-polls-begins |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 5 voting was conducted on 20 May 2024, in which 49 constituencies voted.<ref name="apphase5">{{cite news |date=20 May 2024 |title=India votes in fifth phase of election including in city where PM opened controversial Hindu temple |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-general-election-modi-bjp-eb3af801bcddc2e2ae05318df8dfe856 |access-date=20 May 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |language=en-US |archive-date=20 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240520065713/https://apnews.com/article/india-general-election-modi-bjp-eb3af801bcddc2e2ae05318df8dfe856 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 6 voting was conducted on 25 May 2024, in which 58 constituencies voted.<ref>{{cite web |title=India Lok Sabha election 2024 Phase 6: Who votes and what's at stake? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/24/india-lok-sabha-election-2024-phase-6-who-votes-and-whats-at-stake |access-date=25 May 2024 |publisher=Al Jazeera |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525050120/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/24/india-lok-sabha-election-2024-phase-6-who-votes-and-whats-at-stake |url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Phase 7 voting was conducted on 1 June 2024, in which 57 constituencies voted.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=India Lok Sabha election 2024 Phase 7: Who votes and what's at stake? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/31/india-lok-sabha-election-2024-phase-7-who-votes-and-whats-at-stake |access-date=1 June 2024 |publisher=Al Jazeera |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601041159/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/31/india-lok-sabha-election-2024-phase-7-who-votes-and-whats-at-stake |url-status=live}}</ref> Repolling at one booth each in the [[Barasat Lok Sabha constituency|Barasat]] and [[Mathurapur Lok Sabha constituency|Mathurapur]] constituencies of West Bengal was held on 3 June, due to violence.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 June 2024 |title=EC orders repolling in two booths in West Bengal |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/ec-orders-repolling-booths-west-bengal-9368034/ |access-date=2 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602165144/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/ec-orders-repolling-booths-west-bengal-9368034/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Incidents ===
During Phase 1 of the election, violence broke out outside a polling station in Thamanpokpi in [[Manipur]].<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=Chaos In Manipur On Election Day: Voters Run For Cover Amid Gunfire, EVMs Set Ablaze |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/chaos-in-manipur-on-election-day-voters-run-for-cover-amid-gunfire-evms-set-ablaze-watch-101713540702420.html |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420083643/https://www.hindustantimes.com/videos/chaos-in-manipur-on-election-day-voters-run-for-cover-amid-gunfire-evms-set-ablaze-watch-101713540702420.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha elections: Incidents of firing, clashes reported at polling booth in Imphal, one injured |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/amid-phase-one-lok-sabha-election-2024-polling-violence-erupts-in-manipur-latest-updates-2024-04-19-927019 |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420151046/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/amid-phase-one-lok-sabha-election-2024-polling-violence-erupts-in-manipur-latest-updates-2024-04-19-927019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Clashes between [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] and [[Trinamool Congress|TMC]] party workers were reported in the [[Cooch Behar Lok Sabha constituency|Cooch Behar]], [[Alipurduars Lok Sabha constituency|Alipurduar]] and [[Jalpaiguri Lok Sabha constituency|Jalpaiguri]] constituencies of [[West Bengal]],<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=Stone Pelting, Kidnapping & Offices Burnt Down: Poll Violence Mars Phase-1 Voting in Bengal as BJP, TMC Workers Clash |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/stone-pelting-kidnapping-offices-burnt-down-poll-violence-mars-phase-1-voting-in-bengal-as-bjp-tmc-workers-clash-8858078.html |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=News18 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420151048/https://www.news18.com/elections/stone-pelting-kidnapping-offices-burnt-down-poll-violence-mars-phase-1-voting-in-bengal-as-bjp-tmc-workers-clash-8858078.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Elections: Cooch Behar reports BJP-Trinamool clash |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/west-bengal/lok-sabha-elections-cooch-behar-reports-bjp-trinamool-clash/articleshow/109443645.cms?from=mdr |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420151048/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/west-bengal/lok-sabha-elections-cooch-behar-reports-bjp-trinamool-clash/articleshow/109443645.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref> and one [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CPRF) personnel was found dead in a polling booth in [[Cooch Behar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=CRPF jawan found dead with head injury inside polling booth in West Bengal |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/crpf-jawan-found-dead-inside-polling-booth-in-west-bengal-mathabhanga-lok-sabha-election-2024-2529016-2024-04-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420221850/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/crpf-jawan-found-dead-inside-polling-booth-in-west-bengal-mathabhanga-lok-sabha-election-2024-2529016-2024-04-19 |archive-date=20 April 2024 |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=West Bengal Lok Sabha Election 2024: CRPF Jawan Dies At Polling Booth In Coochbehar |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/west-bengal-lok-sabha-election-2024-crpf-jawan-dies-at-polling-booth-in-coochbehar |access-date=21 April 2024 |website=Free Press Journal |archive-date=21 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240421161549/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/west-bengal-lok-sabha-election-2024-crpf-jawan-dies-at-polling-booth-in-coochbehar |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Chhattisgarh]], one [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] personnel was killed during polling.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=Clashes in Manipur and West Bengal, CRPF man killed in Chhattisgarh |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/gunfire-evm-damage-polling-agents-threatened-manipur-violence-elections-9279680/ |access-date=20 April 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419150840/https://indianexpress.com/elections/gunfire-evm-damage-polling-agents-threatened-manipur-violence-elections-9279680/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha election: CRPF jawan on poll duty killed in accidental explosion of grenade launcher shell in Chhattisgarh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-election-crpf-jawan-on-poll-duty-killed-in-accidental-explosion-of-grenade-launcher-shell-in-chhattisgarh/article68083748.ece |access-date=20 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240420151045/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/lok-sabha-election-crpf-jawan-on-poll-duty-killed-in-accidental-explosion-of-grenade-launcher-shell-in-chhattisgarh/article68083748.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Clashes between [[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi|VCK]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] cadres were reported in [[Chidambaram Lok Sabha constituency|Chidambaram constituency]] in [[Tamil Nadu]], where two VCK cadres and one BJP cadre were injured.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha elections 2024: VCK, BJP cadres injured in clashes near Ariyalur |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/lok-sabha-election-2024-vck-bjp-cadres-injured-in-clashes-near-ariyalur/articleshow/109438925.cms |access-date=22 April 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419141511/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/lok-sabha-election-2024-vck-bjp-cadres-injured-in-clashes-near-ariyalur/articleshow/109438925.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2024 |title=VCK, BJP cadres clash; three injured |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/vck-bjp-cadres-clash-three-injured/article68083810.ece |access-date=22 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=22 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240422154920/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/vck-bjp-cadres-clash-three-injured/article68083810.ece |url-status=live}}</ref>

During Phase 2 of voting, eight voters in [[Kerala]] died of [[heat stroke]] while voting.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2024 |title=LS polls in Kerala: 8 people collapsed to death in different parts of the state |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/four-people-collapsed-to-death-in-different-parts-of-the-state-1.9513822 |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=English.Mathrubhumi |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427170313/https://english.mathrubhumi.com/amp/news/kerala/four-people-collapsed-to-death-in-different-parts-of-the-state-1.9513822 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Kerala sees delayed polls, low voter turnout amid scorching heat, 8 people die |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Apr/27/kerala-sees-delayed-polls-low-voter-turnout-amid-scorching-heat-8-people-die |access-date=27 April 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=27 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427170309/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2024/Apr/27/kerala-sees-delayed-polls-low-voter-turnout-amid-scorching-heat-8-people-die |url-status=live}}</ref> In Manipur, two CPRF personnel were killed and two more were seriously injured in a militant attack in [[Bishnupur district]],<ref>{{cite web |date=28 April 2024 |title=2 CRPF personnel killed in militant attack in Manipur |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2-crpf-personnel-killed-in-militant-attack-in-manipur-101714243328651.html |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=Hindustan Times |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428071235/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/2-crpf-personnel-killed-in-militant-attack-in-manipur-101714243328651.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 April 2024 |title=Elections 2024 Phase 2 voting: Two CRPF personnel killed in militant attack in Manipur's Bishnupur district |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-crpf-personnel-killed-in-militant-attack-in-manipurs-bishnupur-district/article68113117.ece |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428200546/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/two-crpf-personnel-killed-in-militant-attack-in-manipurs-bishnupur-district/article68113117.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> a man was killed in a gunfight between two unidentified groups in the [[Kangpokpi district|Kangpokpi]] and [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]] districts,<ref>{{cite web |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: Manipur Witnesses Violence During Phase 2 Polling |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-manipur-witnesses-violence-during-phase-2-polling |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=Free Press Journal |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428200553/https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-manipur-witnesses-violence-during-phase-2-polling |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=Violence again in Manipur: Two CRPF personnel killed in militant attack, one dead in gunfight |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Apr/27/2-crpf-personnel-killed-in-manipurs-naransena-in-an-attack-by-militants |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428200548/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Apr/27/2-crpf-personnel-killed-in-manipurs-naransena-in-an-attack-by-militants |url-status=live}}</ref> and incidents of EVM vandalism, voter intimidation and coercion were reported in two polling stations in [[Ukhrul]].<ref>{{cite web |date=27 April 2024 |title=EVMs vandalised at 2 Manipur polling stations, Congress seeks re-poll |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/manipur-lok-sabha-elections-evms-vandalised-polling-stations-congress-re-election-violence-2532273-2024-04-27 |access-date=28 April 2024 |website=India Today |archive-date=28 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240428043745/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha/story/manipur-lok-sabha-elections-evms-vandalised-polling-stations-congress-re-election-violence-2532273-2024-04-27 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024: EVM destroyed in Manipur, voters coerced to vote for NPF |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/manipur/lok-sabha-elections-2024-evm-destroyed-in-manipur-voters-coerced-to-vote-for-npf/articleshow/109633248.cms?from=mdr |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=26 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240426185224/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/manipur/lok-sabha-elections-2024-evm-destroyed-in-manipur-voters-coerced-to-vote-for-npf/articleshow/109633248.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>

A complaint letter by the ''Samvidhan Bacchao Nagrik Abhiyan'' (Save the Constitution Citizens' Campaign) organisation to the [[Election Commission of India]], signed by over 17,400 people, alleged that Modi had violated the [[Model Code of Conduct]] and the [[Representation of the People Act, 1951]] by making a speech "aiming at not only appealing to 'communal feelings' but also instigating and aggravating hatred in the Hindus against Muslims".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 17,400 citizens write to Election Commission Seek Action against PM Modi Infiltrators Remark |url=https://www.india.com/news/over-17400-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seek-action-against-pm-modis-infiltrators-remark-6881114/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425071507/https://www.india.com/news/over-17400-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seek-action-against-pm-modis-infiltrators-remark-6881114/ |archive-date=25 April 2024 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=www.india.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=Over 17,400 citizens write to EC seeking action against PM Narendra Modi for hate speech |url=https://scroll.in/latest/1066924/2200-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seeking-action-against-pm-narendra-modi-for-hate-speech |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423123804/https://scroll.in/latest/1066924/2200-citizens-write-to-election-commission-seeking-action-against-pm-narendra-modi-for-hate-speech |archive-date=23 April 2024 |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

During Phase 6 of voting, [[Mehbooba Mufti]], who is contesting the [[Anantnag–Rajouri Lok Sabha constituency|Anantnag–Rajouri constituency]] in [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|Jammu and Kashmir]] for the [[Jammu and Kashmir People's Democratic Party]], said several of her party workers were detained by police to prevent them from voting. In West Bengal, TMC workers blocked the car of BJP candidate [[Agnimitra Paul]] while she was on her way to vote in the [[Medinipur Lok Sabha constituency|Medinipur constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 May 2024 |title=Millions vote in India's grueling election with Prime Minister Modi's party likely to win a 3rd term |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-national-election-voting-closing-phases-540927f81662ec429a3957235a5635cd |access-date=28 April 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525124312/https://apnews.com/article/india-national-election-voting-closing-phases-540927f81662ec429a3957235a5635cd |url-status=live }}</ref> Prashant Jagdev, the BJP candidate for the [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]] in [[Begunia Assembly constituency|Begunia]], was arrested on suspicion of vandalising an EVM.<ref name="v674">{{cite web |title=LS polls: BJP candidate arrested for allegedly vandalising EVM in Odisha |website=Business Standard |date=26 May 2024 |url=https://www.business-standard.com/elections/assembly-election/ls-polls-bjp-candidate-arrested-for-allegedly-vandalising-evm-in-odisha-124052600200_1.html |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721063520/https://www.business-standard.com/elections/assembly-election/ls-polls-bjp-candidate-arrested-for-allegedly-vandalising-evm-in-odisha-124052600200_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During Phase 7 of voting, a mob looted election material from a polling booth and dumped it into a pond in [[Kultali]], [[Jaynagar Lok Sabha constituency|Jaynagar]] in West Bengal. Clashes erupted between BJP and TMC supporters in [[Sandeshkhali]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Shiv Sahay |date=1 June 2024 |title=Phase 7 polls: Mob loots reserve EVMs, throws VVPAT machine in pond in West Bengal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/phase-7-polls-west-bengal-violence-june-1-2024/article68238692.ece |access-date=1 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=1 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601103718/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/lok-sabha/phase-7-polls-west-bengal-violence-june-1-2024/article68238692.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Uttar Pradesh]], at least 33 election workers, including security and sanitation staff, died of heat stroke, along with a voter waiting in line in [[Ballia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/33-up-poll-workers-die-due-to-heatstroke-during-final-phase-of-elections-5797495 |title=33 UP Poll Workers Die From Heatstroke During Final Phase Of Elections |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=3 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240603154122/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/33-up-poll-workers-die-due-to-heatstroke-during-final-phase-of-elections-5797495 |url-status=live }}</ref> State election officials subsequently stated that compensation of 1.5 million rupees ($18,000) would be given to the families of the deceased workers.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2024 |title=Heatstroke kills 33 polling agents on final voting day as India battles record temperatures |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240602-heatstroke-kills-33-polling-agents-on-final-voting-day-as-india-battles-record-temperatures |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=France 24 |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602083023/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240602-heatstroke-kills-33-polling-agents-on-final-voting-day-as-india-battles-record-temperatures |url-status=live }}</ref> At least ten election related deaths were also reported in [[Bihar]] that day.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 June 2024 |title=Heatstroke kills 33 polling staff in a state on last day of India election |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/2/heatstroke-kills-33-polling-staff-in-a-state-on-last-day-of-india-election |access-date=2 June 2024 |work=Al Jazeera |archive-date=2 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240602073443/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/2/heatstroke-kills-33-polling-staff-in-a-state-on-last-day-of-india-election |url-status=live }}</ref> In response to the ongoing heatwave, ECI chief [[Rajiv Kumar (civil servant)|Rajiv Kumar]] said they had learned a lesson and "should have completed the election at least one month before".<ref>{{cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=India begins vote count in world's biggest election with Modi poised to win third term |url=https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240604-india-begins-vote-count-world-biggest-election-narendra-modi-poised-win-third-term |access-date=4 June 2024 |publisher=France 24 |archive-date=20 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620024518/https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20240604-india-begins-vote-count-world-biggest-election-narendra-modi-poised-win-third-term |url-status=live }}</ref>

Instances of EVM malfunctioning and removal of candidates belonging to the opposition were reported throughout the elections.<ref name="o430">{{cite web |title=Balrampur News: ईवीएम खराब होने व सूची से नाम कटने की खूब आईं शिकायतें |website=Amar Ujala |date=26 May 2024 |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/balrampur/there-were-many-complaints-about-evm-malfunctioning-and-names-being-removed-from-the-list-balrampur-news-c-99-1-brp1003-109985-2024-05-26 |language=hi |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=28 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528053101/https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/balrampur/there-were-many-complaints-about-evm-malfunctioning-and-names-being-removed-from-the-list-balrampur-news-c-99-1-brp1003-109985-2024-05-26 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 April, the Supreme Court asked the ECI to look into reported EVM malfunctioning in Kerala.<ref name="e533"/> 150 EVMs were replaced in [[Assam]] after reported malfunctioning.<ref name="m927">{{cite web |title=150 'complete EVM sets' replaced in Assam: official |website=The New Indian Express |date=19 April 2024 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Apr/19/150-complete-evm-sets-replaced-in-assam-official |access-date=3 June 2024 |archive-date=29 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429163749/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Apr/19/150-complete-evm-sets-replaced-in-assam-official |url-status=live}}</ref> In [[Varanasi]], about 33 nominations challenging Narendra Modi were rejected, of which eight applicants claimed that the process was rigged in favour of the BJP.<ref name="e827"/>

On 4 June, former [[Chhattisgarh]] Chief Minister [[Bhupesh Baghel]] said there was a discrepancy in EVM numbers while former [[Uttar Pradesh]] Chief Minister [[Akhilesh Yadav]] accused the administration of carrying out arrests of his party workers in order to stop them from counting votes.<ref name="49464H">{{cite web |title=Baghel alleges discrepancy in EVM numbers; Akhilesh says Opposition workers being detained |website=The Indian Express |date=4 June 2024 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/baghel-alleges-discrepancy-in-evm-numbers-akhilesh-says-opposition-workers-being-detained-9370308/ |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605030623/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/baghel-alleges-discrepancy-in-evm-numbers-akhilesh-says-opposition-workers-being-detained-9370308/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Voter turnout ===
642 million people voted in the election including 312 million women voters, making it the highest ever participation in a single election.<ref name="VT1"/><ref name="VT2"/>

{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable sortable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 80%"
|+Voter turnout:<ref>{{cite press release |title=Voter turnout of 66.14% in phase 1 and 66.71% in phase 2 recorded in General Elections 2024 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2019225 |access-date=2 May 2024 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date=2 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502200656/https://pib.gov.in/ErrorPage.html?aspxerrorpath=/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Polling now completed for 7 phases, largest electoral exercise in the world |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2022489 |access-date=2 June 2024 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604040047/https://pib.gov.in/ErrorPage.html?aspxerrorpath=/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=M |first=Sambasiva Rao |date=15 May 2024 |title=AP Polling Percentage: Andhra Pradesh registers a polling percentage of 81.86, the highest so far in the country, says Chief Electoral Officer |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-registers-a-polling-percentage-of-8186-the-highest-so-far-in-the-country-says-chief-electoral-officer/article68178365.ece |access-date=2 June 2024 |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604040014/https://www.thehindu.com/elections/andhra-pradesh-assembly/andhra-pradesh-registers-a-polling-percentage-of-8186-the-highest-so-far-in-the-country-says-chief-electoral-officer/article68178365.ece |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Voter Turnout – 65.68% as of 10 PM for phase 3 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2020037 |access-date=10 May 2024 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510212625/https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2020037 |url-status=live}}</ref>
! rowspan="3" class="unsortable" |State/UT
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Total
! colspan="14" |Voter turnout by phase
|-
! colspan="2" |Phase 1
19 April
! colspan="2" |Phase 2
26 April
! colspan="2" |Phase 3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Voter Turnout – 65.68% as of 10 PM for phase 3 |url=https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2020037 |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=pib.gov.in |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510212625/https://pib.gov.in/pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2020037 |url-status=live }}</ref>
7 May
! colspan="2" |Phase 4
13 May
! colspan="2" |Phase 5
20 May
! colspan="2" |Phase 6
25 May
! colspan="2" |Phase 7
1 June
|-
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
!Seats
!Turnout (%)
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|'''25'''
|81.86 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|25
|81.86
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|'''2'''
|77.68 {{decrease}}
|2
|77.68
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Assam
|'''14'''
|81.62 {{increase}}
|5
|78.25
|5
|81.17
|4
|85.45
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Bihar
|'''40'''
|56.19 {{decrease}}
|4
|49.26
|5
|59.45
|5
|59.14
|5
|58.21
|5
|56.76
|8
|57.18
|8
|53.29
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|'''11'''
|72.17 {{increase}}
|1
|68.29
|3
|76.24
|7
|71.98
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Goa
|'''2'''
|76.06 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|2
|76.06
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Gujarat
|'''26'''
|60.13 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|25
|60.13
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Haryana
|'''10'''
|64.80 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|10
|64.80
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|'''4'''
|70.90 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|4
|70.90
|-
|Jharkhand
|'''14'''
|66.19 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|4
|66.01
|3
|63.21
|4
|65.39
|3
|70.88
|-
|Karnataka
|'''28'''
|70.64 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|14
|69.56
|14
|71.84
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Kerala
|'''20'''
|71.27 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|20
|71.27
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|'''29'''
|66.87 {{decrease}}
|6
|67.75
|6
|58.59
|9
|66.74
|8
|72.05
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Maharashtra
|'''48'''
|61.29 {{increase}}
|5
|63.71
|8
|62.71
|11
|63.55
|11
|62.21
|13
|56.89
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Manipur
|'''2'''
|80.47 {{decrease}}
|{{frac|1|1|2}}
|76.10
|{{frac|1|2}}
|84.85
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Meghalaya
|'''2'''
|76.60 {{increase}}
|2
|76.60
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Mizoram
|'''1'''
|56.87 {{decrease}}
|1
|56.87
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Nagaland
|'''1'''
|57.72 {{decrease}}
|1
|57.72
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Odisha
|'''21'''
|74.51 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|4
|75.68
|5
|73.50
|6
|74.45
|6
|74.41
|-
|Punjab
|'''13'''
|62.80 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|13
|62.80
|-
|Rajasthan
|'''25'''
|61.34 {{decrease}}
|12
|57.65
|13
|65.03
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Sikkim
|'''1'''
|79.88 {{decrease}}
|1
|79.88
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|'''39'''
|69.72 {{decrease}}
|39
|69.72
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Telangana
|'''17'''
|65.67 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|17
|65.67
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Tripura
|'''2'''
|80.92 {{decrease}}
|1
|81.48
|1
|80.36
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|'''80'''
|56.92 {{decrease}}
|8
|61.11
|8
|55.19
|10
|57.55
|13
|58.22
|14
|58.02
|14
|54.04
|13
|55.85
|-
|Uttarakhand
|'''5'''
|57.22 {{decrease}}
|5
|57.22
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|West Bengal
|'''42'''
|79.29 {{decrease}}
|3
|81.91
|3
|76.58
|4
|77.53
|8
|80.22
|7
|78.45
|8
|82.71
|9
|76.80
|-
|Andaman and Nicobar Islands
|'''1'''
|64.10 {{decrease}}
|1
|64.10
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Chandigarh
|'''1'''
|67.98 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|1
|67.98
|-
|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
|'''2'''
|71.31 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|2
|71.31
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Delhi
|'''7'''
|58.69 {{decrease}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|7
|58.69
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Jammu and Kashmir
|'''5'''
|58.58 {{increase}}
|1
|68.27
|1
|72.22
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|1
|38.49
|1
|59.10
|1
|55.40
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Ladakh
|'''1'''
|71.82 {{increase}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|1
|71.82
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Lakshadweep
|'''1'''
|84.16 {{decrease}}
|1
|84.16
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
|Puducherry
|'''1'''
|78.90 {{decrease}}
|1
|78.90
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|{{dash}}
|-
!'''Total'''
!'''543'''
!66.33 {{decrease}}
!{{frac|101|1|2}}
!66.14
!{{frac|87|1|2}}
!66.71
!93
!65.68
!96
!69.16
!49
!62.20
!58
!63.37
!57
!63.88
|}

== Turnout ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
!State/UT
!Total electors<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/general-election-to-loksabha-2024-statistical-reports |title=General Election to Loksabha 2024 - Statistical Reports |access-date=10 February 2025}}</ref>
!Total voters
!Total turnout
!Total seats
|-
|Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT)
|315,745
|202,597
|64.16%
|1
|-
|Andhra Pradesh
|41,401,887
|33,858,957
|81.78%
|25
|-
|Arunachal Pradesh
|898,442
|728,393
|81.07%
|2
|-
|Assam
|24,572,114
|20,118,166
|81.87%
|14
|-
|Bihar
|77,259,579
|43,480,859
|56.28%
|40
|-
|Chandigarh (UT)
|660,552
|449,383
|68.03%
|1
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|20,678,667
|15,083,307
|72.94%
|11
|-
|Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu (UT)
|417,236
|298,073
|71.44%
|2
|-
|Goa
|1,179,644
|908,178
|76.99%
|2
|-
|Gujarat
|48,009,945
|29,161,987
|60.74%
|26
|-
|Haryana
|20,187,911
|13,075,630
|64.77%
|10
|-
|Himachal Pradesh
|5,711,969
|4,081,076
|71.45%
|4
|-
|Jammu & Kashmir
|8,802,348
|5,162,866
|58.65%
|5
|-
|Jharkhand
|25,877,892
|17,279,192
|66.77%
|14
|-
|Karnataka
|54,772,332
|38,835,377
|70.90%
|28
|-
|Kerala
|27,807,008
|20,033,258
|72.04%
|20
|-
|Ladakh (UT)
|190,576
|135,662
|71.19%
|1
|-
|Lakshadweep (UT)
|57,953
|49,247
|84.98%
|1
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|56,668,852
|37,972,368
|67.01%
|29
|-
|Maharashtra
|93,061,760
|57,248,402
|61.52%
|48
|-
|Manipur
|2,051,357
|1,605,769
|78.28%
|2
|-
|Meghalaya
|2,230,451
|1,715,027
|76.89%
|2
|-
|Mizoram
|861,327
|491,828
|57.10%
|1
|-
|Nagaland
|1,325,383
|766,573
|57.84%
|1
|-
|NCT of Delhi
|15,214,638
|8,943,585
|58.78%
|7
|-
|Odisha
|33,716,965
|25,214,359
|74.78%
|21
|-
|Puducherry (UT)
|1,024,024
|811,432
|79.24%
|1
|-
|Punjab
|21,567,196
|13,542,849
|62.79%
|13
|-
|Rajasthan
|53,508,010
|33,211,938
|62.07%
|25
|-
|Sikkim
|466,643
|388,507
|83.26%
|1
|-
|Tamil Nadu
|62,404,947
|43,769,106
|70.14%
|39
|-
|Telangana
|33,232,318
|22,031,832
|66.30%
|17
|-
|Tripura
|2,870,896
|2,348,827
|81.82%
|2
|-
|Uttar Pradesh
|154,403,112
|87,997,543
|56.99%
|80
|-
|Uttarakhand
|8,431,101
|4,864,181
|57.69%
|5
|-
|West Bengal
|76,124,780
|60,554,535
|79.55%
|42
|- class="sortbottom"
|'''India'''
|'''977,965,560'''
|'''646,420,869'''
|'''66.10%'''
|'''543'''
|}

==Results==
{{Main|Results of the 2024 Indian general election}}
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:53.77%;" | '''293'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:42.35%;" | '''234'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:3.88%;" | '''16'''
|-
| {{color|{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}|'''NDA'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}|'''INDIA'''}}
| {{color|{{party color|Others}}|'''Others'''}}
|}
{{wide image|2024 Indian General Election.svg|600x600px|Map displaying constituencies won by alliance}}
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''Seat share of parties in the election'''|other=yes
|value1=44.20|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=18.24|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=6.82|label3=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color3={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
|value4=5.35|label4=[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color4={{party color|Trinamool Congress}}
|value5=4.06|label5=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color5={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value6=2.21|label6=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color6={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|value7=2.95|label7=[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]|color7={{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}
|value8=1.66|label8=[[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]]|color8={{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|value9=1.48|label9=[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]|color9={{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}
|value10=1.29|label10=[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]|color10={{party color|Shiv Sena}}
|other-color={{Party color|Other}}
}}

{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
|caption='''Vote share of parties in the election'''|other=yes
|value1=36.56|label1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]|color1={{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|value2=21.96|label2=[[Indian National Congress|INC]]|color2={{party color|Indian National Congress}}
|value3=4.58|label3=[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]|color3={{party color|Samajwadi Party}}
|value4=4.37|label4=[[Trinamool Congress|AITC]]|color4={{party color|Trinamool Congress}}
|value5=2.06|label5=[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]|color5={{party color|YSR Congress Party}}
|value6=2.04|label6=[[Bahujan Samaj Party|BSP]]|color6={{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}
|value7=1.98|label7=[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]|color7={{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|value8=1.82|label8=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]]|color8={{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}
|value9=1.76|label9=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]|color9={{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|value10=1.57|label10=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]|color10={{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|other-color={{Party color|Other}}
}}

Following the first round, the BJP won its first seat after [[Mukesh Dalal]], its candidate for [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat constituency]] in [[Gujarat]], was elected unopposed following rejection and withdrawal of other candidates.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 April 2024 |title=Lok Sabha elections: BJP gets first seat, Surat candidate wins unopposed |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-bjp-gets-first-seat-surat-candidate-wins-unopposed-101713779891163.html |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=The Hindustan Times |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425071735/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lok-sabha-elections-bjp-gets-first-seat-surat-candidate-wins-unopposed-101713779891163.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2024 |title=BJP Candidate In Gujarat's Surat Wins Unopposed After Congress Pick Rejected, Others Withdraw Nomination |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/bjp-surat-candidate-mukesh-dalal-gujarat-win-unopposed-congress-rejected-lok-sabha-election-2024-8861803.html |access-date=25 April 2024 |website=News18 |archive-date=25 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425073722/https://www.news18.com/elections/bjp-surat-candidate-mukesh-dalal-gujarat-win-unopposed-congress-rejected-lok-sabha-election-2024-8861803.html |url-status=live}}</ref> No voting was held in the constituency, as the ECI had certified the results two weeks prior due to the absence of rival candidates.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 May 2024 |title='My vote snatched': How to win India's election without a single vote |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/9/my-vote-snatched-in-india-mystery-candidate-withdrawals-cloud-election |access-date=9 May 2024 |website=Al Jazeera |archive-date=10 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510212427/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/9/my-vote-snatched-in-india-mystery-candidate-withdrawals-cloud-election |url-status=live}}</ref>

The overall election result was described in several media sources as a "shock" to Narendra Modi,<ref>{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Namita |date=4 June 2024 |title=India election results 2024 live: Shock for Modi as ruling BJP set to fall short of outright majority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-election-results-2024-modi-congress-bjp-counting-b2556305.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=The Independent |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604142717/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-election-results-2024-modi-congress-bjp-counting-b2556305.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A shock election result in India humbles Narendra Modi |url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/06/04/a-shock-election-result-in-india-humbles-narendra-modi |access-date=4 June 2024 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604213850/https://www.economist.com/asia/2024/06/04/a-shock-election-result-in-india-humbles-narendra-modi |url-status=live}}</ref> with the BJP falling short of its [[Abki Baar 400 Paar|expectations of winning 400 seats]].<ref>{{cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=BJP's '400 paar' dream lies shattered: What could have gone wrong? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjps-400-paar-dream-lies-shattered-what-could-have-gone-wrong/articleshow/110695170.cms?from=mdr |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604213408/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bjps-400-paar-dream-lies-shattered-what-could-have-gone-wrong/articleshow/110695170.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live}}</ref> Though pre-poll predictions were for an overwhelming majority for the BJP, the INDIA bloc performed much better than exit polls had predicted it to,<ref>{{cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=Did exit polls get it wrong? How INDI Alliance is defying predictions |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-india-alliance-performance-exit-polls-13778443.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Firstpost |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604085814/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-india-alliance-performance-exit-polls-13778443.html |url-status=live}}</ref> with upset victories in major states such as [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Maharashtra]], and [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |date=4 June 2024 |title=INDI Alliance shows big gains in country's biggest states: UP, Maharashtra. How? |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-indi-alliance-defies-exit-polls-to-show-big-gains-in-countrys-biggest-states-uttar-pradesh-and-maharashtra-how-13778473.html |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Firstpost |language=en-US |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604213409/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/lok-sabha-election-results-2024-indi-alliance-defies-exit-polls-to-show-big-gains-in-countrys-biggest-states-uttar-pradesh-and-maharashtra-how-13778473.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP had to rely on the 28 cumulative seats won by the [[Andhra Pradesh]]-based [[Telugu Desam Party]] led by [[Chandrababu Naidu]] and the [[Bihar]]-based [[Janata Dal (United)]] led by [[Nitish Kumar]] in order for the NDA to retain its majority in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/kingmakers-who-are-chandrababu-naidu-and-nitish-kumar-why-do-they-matter-seats-won-by-jdu-and-tdp/why-do-naidu-and-nitish-matter/slideshow/110729246.cms|title=Kingmakers: Who are Chandrababu Naidu and Nitish Kumar? Why do they matter? Seats won by JD(U) and TDP|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608180315/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/defaultinterstitial.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/politics/india-alliance-nda-coalition-partners-must-push-for-restoring-independence-of-institutions|title=INDIA Alliance & NDA Coalition Partners Must Push For Restoring Independence of Institutions|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608180259/https://thewire.in/politics/india-alliance-nda-coalition-partners-must-push-for-restoring-independence-of-institutions|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/hint-at-bid-by-five-bjp-mps-to-join-tmc-ahead-of-swearing-in-ceremony-for-18th-lok-sabha/cid/2025437|title=Hint at bid by five BJP MPs to join TMC ahead of swearing-in ceremony for 18th Lok Sabha|access-date=8 June 2024|archive-date=8 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608065251/https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/hint-at-bid-by-five-bjp-mps-to-join-tmc-ahead-of-swearing-in-ceremony-for-18th-lok-sabha/cid/2025437|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== By alliance and party ===
{{Election results
|image=[[File:India 18th Lok Sabha Election Result 2024.svg|300px]][[File:India General Election Lok Sabha Alliance Wise 2024.svg|300px]] Results by party (left) and alliance (right)
|alliance1=[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]|aspan1=26
|party1=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes1=235974144|seats1=240|sc1=–63
|party2=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes2=12775270|seats2=16|sc2=+13
|party3=[[Janata Dal (United)]]|votes3=8039663|seats3=12|sc3=–4
|party4=[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]|votes4=7401447|seats4=7|sc4=–11
|party5=[[Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)]]|votes5=2810250|seats5=5|sc5=+5
|party6=[[Janata Dal (Secular)]]|votes6=2173701|seats6=2|sc6=+1
|party7=[[Nationalist Congress Party]]|votes7=2059179|seats7=1|sc7=–4
|party8=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes8=1879689|seats8=0|sc8=0
|party9=[[Jana Sena Party]]|votes9=1454138|seats9=2|sc9=+2
|party10=[[Asom Gana Parishad]]|votes10=1298707|seats10=1|sc10=+1
|party11=[[Rashtriya Lok Dal]]|votes11=893460|seats11=2|sc11=+2
|party12=[[Apna Dal (Soneylal)]]|votes12=808245|seats12=1|sc12=–1
|party13=[[Bharath Dharma Jana Sena]]|votes13=505753|seats13=0|sc13=0
|party14=[[Hindustani Awam Morcha]]|votes14=494960|seats14=1|sc14=+1
|party15=[[United People's Party Liberal]]|votes15=488995|seats15=1|sc15=+1
|party16=[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]|votes16=521746|seats16=0|sc16=0
|party17=[[All Jharkhand Students Union]]|votes17=458677|seats17=1|sc17=0
|party18=[[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]]|votes18=417930|seats18=0|sc18=–1
|party19=[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]|votes19=410401|seats19=0|sc19=0
|party20=[[Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam]]|votes20=393415|seats20=0|sc20=0
|party21=[[Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party]]|votes21=350967|seats21=0|sc21=–1
|party22=[[Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party]]|votes22=340188|seats22=0|sc22=0
|party23=[[Naga People's Front]]|votes23=299536|seats23=0|sc23=–1
|party24=[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]|votes24=253876|seats24=0|sc24=0
|party25=[[Sikkim Krantikari Morcha]]|votes25=164396|seats25=1|sc25=+1
|atotal26=282668733|aseats26=293|sc26=–60
|alliance27=[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]|aspan27=26
|party27=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes27=136758952|seats27=99|sc27=+47
|party28=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes28=29549389|seats28=37|sc28=+32
|party29=[[All India Trinamool Congress]]|votes29=28213393|seats29=29|sc29=+7
|party30=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes30=11754710|seats30=22|sc30=–2
|party31=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes31=11342553|seats31=4|sc31=+1
|party32=[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]|votes32=10107402|seats32=4|sc32=+4
|party33=[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]|votes33=9567779|seats33=9|sc33=+9
|party34=[[Aam Aadmi Party]]|votes34=7147800|seats34=3|sc34=+2
|party35=[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar]]|votes35=5921162|seats35=8|sc35=+8
|party36=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes36=3157184|seats36=2|sc36=0
|party37=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes37=2652955|seats37=3|sc37=+2
|party38=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes38=1716186|seats38=3|sc38=0
|party39=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes39=1736761|seats39=2|sc39=+2
|party40=[[Bharat Adivasi Party]]|votes40=1257056|seats40=1|sc40=+1
|party41=[[Vikassheel Insaan Party]]|votes41=1187455|seats41=0|sc41=0
|party42=[[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference]]|votes42=1147041|seats42=2|sc42=–1
|party43=[[Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi]]|votes43=990237|seats43=2|sc43=+1
|party44=[[Rashtriya Loktantrik Party]]|votes44=596955|seats44=1|sc44=0
|party45=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes45=587363|seats45=1|sc45=0
|party46=[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes46=542213|seats46=1|sc46=+1
|party47=[[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]]|votes47=435980|seats47=0|sc47=0
|party48=[[Assam Jatiya Parishad]]|votes48=414441|seats48=0|sc48=0
|party49=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes49=364631|seats49=1|sc49=0
|party50=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes50=284269|seats50=0|sc50=0
|party51=[[Kerala Congress (Mani)]]|votes51=277365|seats51=0|sc51=0
|atotal52=267711232|aseats52=234|sc52=+143
|alliance53=[[Naam Tamilar Katchi]]|votes53=3600088|seats53=0|sc53=0
|alliance54=[[Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi]]|votes54=1582855|seats54=0|sc54=0
|alliance55=[[YSR Congress Party]]|votes55=13316134|seats55=4|sc55=–18
|alliance56=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes56=13153830|seats56=0|sc56=–10
|alliance57=[[Biju Janata Dal]]|votes57=9412674|seats57=0|sc57=–12
|alliance58=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes58=8952587|seats58=0|sc58=–1
|alliance59=[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]|votes59=3657237|seats59=0|sc59=–9
|alliance60=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes60=1814318|seats60=1|sc60=–1
|alliance61=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes61=1400215|seats61=1|sc61=–1
|alliance62=[[Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam]]|votes62=1128616|seats62=0|sc62=0
|alliance63=[[Bodoland People's Front]]|votes63=777570|seats63=0|sc63=0
|alliance64=[[Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)]]|votes64=691820|seats64=1|sc64=+1
|alliance65=[[Indian Secular Front]]|votes65=650229|seats65=0|sc65=0
|alliance66=[[All India United Democratic Front]]|votes66=625954|seats66=0|sc66=–1
|alliance67=[[Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)|Voice of the People Party]]|votes67=571078|seats67=1|sc67=+1
|alliance68=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)]]|votes68=521749|seats68=0|sc68=0
|alliance69=[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]|votes69=480987|seats69=0|sc69=0
|alliance70=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes70=312997|seats70=0|sc70=0
|alliance71=[[Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi]]|votes71=254517|seats71=0|sc71=0
|alliance72=Peoples Party of India (Democratic)|votes72=247985|seats72=0|sc72=0
|alliance73=[[Indian National Lok Dal]]|votes73=226975|seats73=0|sc73=0
|alliance74=[[Zoram People's Movement]]|votes74=208552|seats74=1|sc74=+1
|alliance75=[[Jammu and Kashmir Apni Party]]|votes75=208149|seats75=0|sc75=0
|alliance76=[[Swabhimani Paksha]]|votes76=185371|seats76=0|sc76=0
|alliance77=[[Gana Suraksha Party]]|votes77=180000|seats77=0|sc77=0
|alliance78=[[Jammu and Kashmir People's Conference]]|votes78=174890|seats78=0|sc78=0
|alliance79=Rashtriya Jansambhavna Party|votes79=168740|seats79=0|sc79=0
|alliance80=[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]|votes80=156302|seats80=0|sc80=0
|alliance81=Twenty 20 Party|votes81=145450|seats81=0|sc81=0
|alliance82=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes82=140264|seats82=0|sc82=–1
|alliance83=[[Ambedkarite Party of India]]|votes83=132444|seats83=0|sc83=0
|alliance84=Bhartiya Shakti Chetna Party|votes84=115024|seats84=0|sc84=0
|alliance85=[[Jannayak Janta Party]]|votes85=113827|seats85=0|sc85=0
|alliance86=Akhil Bhartiya Parivar Party|votes86=110212|seats86=0|sc86=0
|alliance87=Alliance of Democratic Reforms Party|votes87=108334|seats87=0|sc87=0
|alliance88=[[Prahar Janshakti Party]]|votes88=90759|seats88=0|sc88=0
|alliance89=[[Citizen Action Party – Sikkim]]|votes89=83566|seats89=0|sc89=0
|alliance90=New Rashtriya Samaj Party|votes90=83046|seats90=0|sc90=0
|alliance91=Bharatheeya Jawan Kisan Party|votes91=78104|seats91=0|sc91=0
|alliance92=[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]|votes92=77171|seats92=0|sc92=0
|alliance93=Bahujan Maha Party|votes93=76254|seats93=0|sc93=0
|alliance94=Viro Ke Vir Indian Party|votes94=75950|seats94=0|sc94=0
|alliance95=[[Bahujan Mukti Party]]|votes95=73935|seats95=0|sc95=0
|alliance96=[[Samata Party]]|votes96=73318|seats96=0|sc96=0
|alliance97=Navarang Congress Party|votes97=67432|seats97=0|sc97=0
|alliance98=Samnak Janta Party|votes98=67374|seats98=0|sc98=0
|alliance99=[[Revolutionary Goans Party]]|votes99=64629|seats99=0|sc99=0
|alliance100=Voters Party International|votes100=63496|seats100=0|sc100=0
|alliance101=Lokhit Adhikar Party|votes101=62136|seats101=0|sc101=0
|alliance102=Moolniwasi Samaj Party|votes102=61033|seats102=0|sc102=0
|alliance103=[[Ikkjutt Jammu|Ekam Sanatan Bharat Dal]]|votes103=61024|seats103=0|sc103=0
|alliance104=[[Right to Recall Party]]|votes104=58024|seats104=0|sc104=0
|alliance105=Rashtriya Shoshit Samaj Party|votes105=53911|seats105=0|sc105=0
|alliance107=Bhagidari Party (P)|votes107=51979|seats107=0|sc107=0
|alliance108=[[Karnataka Rashtra Samithi]]|votes108=51529|seats108=0|sc108=0
|alliance109=Sardar Patel Siddhant Party|votes109=46145|seats109=0|sc109=0
|alliance110=[[Republican Party of India (A)]]|votes110=45567|seats110=0|sc110=0
|alliance111=[[United Democratic Party (Meghalaya)]]|votes111=44563|seats111=0|sc111=0
|alliance112=[[Social Democratic Party of India]]|votes112=42465|seats112=0|sc112=0
|alliance113=Hamar Raj Party|votes113=40746|seats113=0|sc113=0
|alliance114=[[Democratic Progressive Azad Party]]|votes114=40665|seats114=0|sc114=0
|alliance115=[[Uttama Prajaakeeya Party]]|votes115=40491|seats115=0|sc115=0
|alliance116=Indian Peoples Green Party|votes116=39778|seats116=0|sc116=0
|alliance117=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)]]|votes117=39128|seats117=0|sc117=0
|alliance118=Dharma Samaj Party|votes118=38730|seats118=0|sc118=0
|alliance119=[[Peace Party of India]]|votes119=38506|seats119=0|sc119=0
|alliance120=Baliraja Party|votes120=33787|seats120=0|sc120=0
|alliance121=Bahujan Bharat Party|votes121=32870|seats121=0|sc121=0
|alliance122=Rashtra Uday Party|votes122=30073|seats122=0|sc122=0
|alliance123=Bahujan Republican Socialist Party|votes123=29619|seats123=0|sc123=0
|alliance124=Aadarsh Mithila Party|votes124=29550|seats124=0|sc124=0
|alliance125=Samaj Shakti Party|votes125=29235|seats125=0|sc125=0
|alliance126=[[Rashtriya Samanta Dal]]|votes126=28340|seats126=0|sc126=0
|alliance127=Bharatiya Nyay-Adhikar Raksha Party|votes127=28192|seats127=0|sc127=0
|alliance128=Bharatiya Yuva Jan Ekta Party|votes128=27969|seats128=0|sc128=0
|alliance129=Pyramid Party of India|votes129=27966|seats129=0|sc129=0
|alliance130=Bharatiya Gana Parishad|votes130=27554|seats130=0|sc130=0
|alliance131=Abhinav Rajasthan Party|votes131=26294|seats131=0|sc131=0
|alliance132=Bharatiya Praja Aikyata Party|votes132=26271|seats132=0|sc132=0
|alliance133=Moulik Adhikar Party|votes133=25490|seats133=0|sc133=0
|alliance134=[[Bhim Sena]]|votes134=25345|seats134=0|sc134=0
|alliance135=Sanyukt Kisan Vikas Party|votes135=25291|seats135=0|sc135=0
|alliance136=Prabuddha Republican Party|votes136=24361|seats136=0|sc136=0
|alliance137=Bhartiya Sarthak Party|votes137=23640|seats137=0|sc137=0
|alliance138=Jammu and Kashmir National Panthers Party (Bhim)|votes138=23268|seats138=0|sc138=0
|alliance139=[[Results of the 2024 Indian general election#minorparties|608 other parties]]|votes139=2876122|seats139=0|sc139=–2
|alliance140=Independents|votes140=17850062|seats140=7|sc140=–1
|row141=None of the above|votes141=6371839
|total_sc=0
|invalid=1058338
|electorate=977965560
|source=[https://www.eci.gov.in/general-election-to-loksabha-2024-statistical-reports ECI]
}}

=== By region ===
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="sortable wikitable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 100%"
!rowspan="2"|Region
!rowspan="2"|Seats
|bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}"|
|-
![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
![[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
!Others
|-
![[North India]]
!137
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|68
|67
|4
|-
![[West India]]
!76
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|43
|32
|1
|-
![[Central India]]
!40
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|39
|1
|0
|-
![[East India]]
!117
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|71
|45
|1
|-
![[Northeast India]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|16
|7
|2
|-
![[South India]]
!129
|49
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|75
|5
|-
![[Union Territory]]
!19
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|11
|5
|3
|-
!Total
!543
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|293
!234
!16
|}

=== By state or union territory ===
{{Table alignment}}
{|class="wikitable defaultcenter col1left" style="font-size: 100%"
!rowspan="2"|[[States and union territories of India|State/Union Territory]]
!rowspan="2"|Seats
|bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}"|
|bgcolor="{{Party color|Other}}"|
|-
![[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
![[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
!Others
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|21
|0
|4
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Arunachal Pradesh|Arunachal Pradesh]]
!2
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Assam|Assam]]
!14
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|11
|3
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Bihar|Bihar]]
!40
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|30
|9
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Chhattisgarh|Chhattisgarh]]
!11
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|10
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Goa|Goa]]
!2
|1
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Gujarat|Gujarat]]
!26
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|25
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Haryana|Haryana]]
!10
|5
|5
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]]
!4
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|4
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Jharkhand|Jharkhand]]
!14
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|9
|5
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Karnataka|Karnataka]]
!28
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|19
|9
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Kerala|Kerala]]
!20
|1
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|19
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]]
!29
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|29
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
!48
|17
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|30
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Manipur|Manipur]]
!2
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Meghalaya|Meghalaya]]
!2
|0
|1
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Mizoram|Mizoram]]
!1
|0
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Other}}; color:white;"|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Nagaland|Nagaland]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Odisha|Odisha]]
!21
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|20
|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Punjab|Punjab]]
!13
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|10
|3
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Rajasthan|Rajasthan]]
!25
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|14
|11
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Sikkim|Sikkim]]
!1
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu|Tamil Nadu]]
!39
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|39
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Telangana|Telangana]]
!17
|8
|8
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Tripura|Tripura]]
!2
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|2
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]]
!80
|36
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|43
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand]]
!5
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|5
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in West Bengal|West Bengal]]
!42
|12
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|30
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Andaman and Nicobar Islands|Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
!1
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Chandigarh|Chandigarh]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]]
!2
|1
|0
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Delhi|Delhi]]
!7
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|7
|0
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Jammu and Kashmir|Jammu and Kashmir]]
!5
|2
|2
|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Ladakh|Ladakh]]
!1
|0
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Other}}; color:white;"|1
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Lakshadweep|Lakshadweep]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
![[2024 Indian general election in Puducherry|Puducherry]]
!1
|0
|style="background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|1
|0
|-
!Total
!543
|style="background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|293
!234
!16
|-
|}

=== Seat composition ===
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style="font-size:90%; line-height:1.2"
|-
! Response category
! {{party color|National Democratic Alliance}} |NDA
! {{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}} |INDIA
! {{Party color|Other}} |Others
|-
! colspan="4"| Seats by alliance
|-
| Urban
|style="text-align:right;background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|39
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| Semi-Urban and Rural
|style="text-align:right;background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|254
| style="text-align:right;" | 219
| style="text-align:right;" | 15
|-
! colspan="4" | Seats by reservation
|-
| SC
| style="text-align:right;" | 40
|style="text-align:right;background:{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; color:white;"|43
| style="text-align:right;" | 1
|-
| ST
|style="text-align:right;background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|26
| style="text-align:right;" | 17
| style="text-align:right;" | 4
|-
| Unreserved
|style="text-align:right;background:{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; color:white;"|227
| style="text-align:right;" | 174
| style="text-align:right;" | 11
|-
|}

===State Wise Results===
====Andhra Pradesh (25)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}; width:64%;" | '''16'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:12%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:{{party color|Jana Sena Party}}; width:8%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}; width:16%;" | '''4'''
|-
| '''TDP'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''JSP'''
| '''YSRCP'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:84%;" | '''21'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:16%;" | '''4'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Arunachal Pradesh (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Assam (14)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:64.29%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Asom Gana Parishad}}; width:7.14%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|United People's Party Liberal}}; width:7.14%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:21.43%;" | '''3'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''AGP'''
| '''UPPL'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:78.57%;" | '''11'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:21.43%;" | '''3'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''INDIA'''
|}

====Bihar (40)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:30%;" | '''12'''
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}; width:30%;" | '''12'''
| style="background:{{party color|Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)}}; width:12.5%;" | '''5'''
| style="background:{{party color|Hindustani Awam Morcha}}; width:2.5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}; width:10%;" | '''4'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:7.5%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation}}; width:5%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:2.5%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''JD(U)'''
| '''LJP(RV)'''
| '''HAM'''
| '''RJD'''
| '''INC'''
| '''CPI(ML)L'''
| '''IND'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic
Alliance}}; width:70.3%;" | '''30'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:22.5%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:2.5%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''INDIA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Chhattisgarh (11)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:90.91%;" | '''10'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:9.09%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

====Goa (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

====Gujarat (26)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:96.15%;" | '''25'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:3.85%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

====Haryana (10)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:50%;" | '''5'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:50%;" | '''5'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Himachal Pradesh (4)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''4'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Jharkhand (14)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:57.14%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:{{party color|All Jharkhand Students Union}}; width:7.14%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}; width:21.43%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:14.29%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''AJSU'''
| '''JMM'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:64.29%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:35.71%;" | '''5'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''INDIA'''
|}

====Karnataka (28)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:60.71%;" | '''17'''
| style="background:{{party color|Janata Dal (Secular)}}; width:7.14%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:32.14%;" | '''9'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''JD(S)'''
| '''INC'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:67.85%;" | '''19'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:32.14%;" | '''9'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''INDIA'''
|}

====Kerala (20)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:70%;" | '''14'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; width:10%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)}}; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Kerala Congress}}; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:5%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:5%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''IUML'''
| '''RSP'''
| '''KEC'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:95%;" | '''19'''
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:5%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''NDA'''
|}

====Madhya Pradesh (29)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''29'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Maharashtra (48)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:27.08%;" | '''13'''
| style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}; width:18.75%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}; width:16.67%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:18.75%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}; width:14.58%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}; width:2.08%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent politician}}; width:2.08%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''SS(UBT)'''
| '''NCP (SP)'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''SS'''
| '''NCP'''
| '''IND'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:60.4%;" | '''30'''
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:35.41%;" | '''17'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:2.08%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''NDA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Manipur (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}

====Meghalaya (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Voice of the People Party (Meghalaya)}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''VPP'''
|}

====Mizoram (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Zoram People's Movement}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''ZPM'''
|}

====Nagaland (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}

====Odisha (21)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:95.24%;" | '''20'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:4.76%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
|}

====Punjab (13)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:53.85%;" | '''7'''
| style="background:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}; width:23.08%;" | '''3'''
| style="background:{{party color|Shiromani Akali Dal}}; width:7.69%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:15.38%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''AAP'''
| '''SAD'''
| '''IND'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:76.93%;" | '''10'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:23.07%;" | '''3'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Rajasthan (25)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:56%;" | '''14'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:32%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharat Adivasi Party}}; width:4%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:4%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Rashtriya Loktantrik Party}}; width:4%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''INC'''
| '''BAP'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
| '''RLP'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:56%;" | '''14'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:40%;" | '''11'''
|-
| '''NDA'''
| '''INDIA'''
|}

====Sikkim (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''SKM'''
|}

====Tamil Nadu (39)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; width:56.41%;" | '''22'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:23.08%;" | '''9'''
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India}}; width:5.13%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}; width:5.13%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi}}; width:5.13%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}; width:2.56%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam}}; width:2.56%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''DMK'''
| '''INC'''
| '''CPI'''
| '''CPI(M)'''
| '''VCK'''
| '''IUML'''
| '''MDMK'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:100%;" | '''39'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
|}

====Telangana (17)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:47.06%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:47.06%;" | '''8'''
| style="background:{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}; width:5.88%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''AIMIM'''
|}

====Tripura (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''2'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Uttar Pradesh (80)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Samajwadi Party}}" style="color:white; width:46.25%;" |'''37'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Congress}}" style="color:white; width:7.5%;" |'''6'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" style="color:white; width:41.25%;" |'''33'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Rashtriya Lok Dal}}" style="color:white; width:2.50%;" | '''2'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Apna Dal (Sonelal)}}" style="color:white; width:1.25%;" |'''1'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Aazad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)}}" style="color:white; width:1.25%;" |'''1'''
|-
| '''SP'''
| '''INC'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''RLD'''
| '''AD(S)'''
| '''ASP(KR)'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}" style="color:white; width:53.75%;" |'''43'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|National Democratic Alliance}}" style="color:white; width:45%;" |'''36'''
| bgcolor="{{Party color|Others}}" style="color:white; width:1.25%;" |'''1'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''NDA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Uttarakhand (5)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''5'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====West Bengal (42)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}; width:69.05%;" | '''29'''
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:2.38%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:28.57%;" | '''12'''
|-
| '''AITC'''
| '''INC'''
| '''BJP'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:71.43%;" | '''30'''
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:28.57%;" | '''12'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''NDA'''
|}

====Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Chandigarh (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}

====Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (2)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:50%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
| '''IND'''
|}

====Delhi (7)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:100%;" | '''7'''
|-
| '''BJP'''
|}

====Jammu and Kashmir (5)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Jammu & Kashmir National Conference}}; width:40%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}; width:40%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:20%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''JKNC'''
| '''BJP'''
| '''IND'''
|}

{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}; width:40%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|National Democratic Alliance}}; width:40%;" | '''2'''
| style="background:{{party color|Others}}; width:20%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INDIA'''
| '''NDA'''
| '''Oth'''
|}

====Ladakh (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Independent}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''IND'''
|}

====Lakshadweep (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}

====Puducherry (1)====
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}; width:100%;" | '''1'''
|-
| '''INC'''
|}

== Aftermath ==
{{See also|Third Modi ministry}}
Narendra Modi called the NDA's lead "a historical feat in India's history", while Congress party president Mallikarjun Kharge said the election was a "moral and political loss" for Modi and a "win for democracy" and the public.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Modi expected to get 3rd term but partial India count suggests narrower win that represents setback |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-election-results-2024-lok-sabha-modi-bjp-7893efecc83fa8225a611f174e6420ee |access-date=4 June 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604170621/https://apnews.com/article/india-election-results-2024-lok-sabha-modi-bjp-7893efecc83fa8225a611f174e6420ee |url-status=live}}</ref> In a speech to his supporters on 4 June, Modi said that the NDA would form a third consecutive government.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 June 2024 |title=Modi claims victory for his alliance in India's general election |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-election-results-2024-lok-sabha-modi-bjp-7893efecc83fa8225a611f174e6420ee |access-date=4 June 2024 |publisher=Associated Press |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604170621/https://apnews.com/article/india-election-results-2024-lok-sabha-modi-bjp-7893efecc83fa8225a611f174e6420ee |url-status=live}}</ref> Following a meeting with other members of the NDA on 5 June, Modi was formally endorsed to become prime minister again.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2024 |title=Allies back Modi for third term after election setback |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nnj56v02vo |access-date=5 June 2024 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605150554/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4nnj56v02vo |url-status=live}}</ref> On 7 June, he was selected as leader of the NDA<ref>{{cite news |date=7 June 2024 |title=India's Modi elected as leader of coalition and set to form new government |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-bjp-nda-lok-sabha-election-parliament-bf7dfcb6149c127892d5201f147fad3a |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607154357/https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-bjp-nda-lok-sabha-election-parliament-bf7dfcb6149c127892d5201f147fad3a |url-status=live}}</ref> and was inaugurated as prime minister on 9 June.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 June 2024 |title=Narendra Modi sworn in for third term after narrow win |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |access-date=9 June 2024 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609141931/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c3ggnm7r75yo |url-status=live}}</ref> On 10 June, Modi unveiled his 71-member cabinet, of which the BJP took 61 portfolios, including foreign affairs, home affairs, finance and defence, while the [[Telugu Desam Party]] and [[Janata Dal (United)]] took two ministries each, with the rest going to other members of the NDA.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 June 2024 |title=Indian PM Modi names Cabinet for coalition government after his party lost majority |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-cabinet-nda-bjp-election-a607a3ac480c2ccc24c79cbde43fb61f |access-date=11 June 2024 |work=Associated Press |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611105743/https://apnews.com/article/india-modi-cabinet-nda-bjp-election-a607a3ac480c2ccc24c79cbde43fb61f |url-status=live}}</ref> The BJP's [[Om Birla]] was reelected for a second term as [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]] on 26 June.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title=Om Birla elected Lok Sabha speaker for second term |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/om-birla-elected-lok-sabha-speaker-for-second-term/article68335044.ece |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=26 June 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240626205148/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/om-birla-elected-lok-sabha-speaker-for-second-term/article68335044.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Independent politician|Independent]] MPs from [[Sangli Lok Sabha constituency|Sangli]] and [[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]], [[Vishal Patil]] and [[Pappu Yadav]], both of whom are primary members of the Congress party, extended their support to it after the election, effectively increasing the opposition alliance's tally to 236.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 June 2024 |title=After causing upset in Sangli seat, Vishal Patil rushes to Delhi, seeks to become Cong associate MP |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/independent-mp-vishal-patil-meets-rahul-gandhi-extends-support-to-congress-9376555/ |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=The Indian Express |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607034053/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/independent-mp-vishal-patil-meets-rahul-gandhi-extends-support-to-congress-9376555/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Independent Lok Sabha MP from Maharashtra Vishal Patil extends support to Congress |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/independent-lok-sabha-mp-vishal-patil-extends-support-to-congress/articleshow/110773834.cms |access-date=7 June 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607082857/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/independent-lok-sabha-mp-vishal-patil-extends-support-to-congress/amp_articleshow/110773834.cms |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Congress May Hit 100 In Lok Sabha With Maharashtra Rebel's Return |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-may-hit-100-in-lok-sabha-with-maharashtra-rebel-vishal-patils-return-5836936 |access-date=7 June 2024 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607093917/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-may-hit-100-in-lok-sabha-with-maharashtra-rebel-vishal-patils-return-5836936 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 8 June, the leadership of the Congress Party unanimously nominated Rahul Gandhi to become [[Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha|Leader of the Opposition]], a position which had been vacant since 2014.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 June 2024 |title=India's Rahul Gandhi nominated as opposition leader after election gains |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/8/indias-rahul-gandhi-nominated-as-opposition-leader-after-election-gains |access-date=9 June 2024 |work=Al Jazeera |archive-date=9 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240609010627/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/6/8/indias-rahul-gandhi-nominated-as-opposition-leader-after-election-gains |url-status=live}}</ref> He formally assumed the post on 25 June.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 2024 |title=Rahul Gandhi's big test as India's opposition leader |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clmmy1pedepo |access-date=26 June 2024 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=7 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807185407/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clmmy1pedepo |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Reactions ==

=== International ===
Leaders and officials of [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Argentina]], [[Armenia]], [[Australia]], [[Austria]], [[Bahrain]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Barbados]], [[Belgium]], [[Belize]], [[Benin]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Cambodia]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Comoros]], [[Croatia]], [[Cyprus]], [[Czech Republic|Czechia]], [[Denmark]], [[Egypt]], [[Estonia]], [[Eswatini]], [[European Union]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Greece]], [[Guyana]], [[Honduras]], [[Iceland]], [[Indonesia]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Israel]], [[Italy]], [[Jamaica]], [[Japan]], [[Kenya]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], the [[Maldives]], [[Madagascar]], [[Malaysia]], [[Mauritius]], [[Moldova]], [[Nepal]], [[Netherlands]], [[New Zealand]], [[Nigeria]], [[Norway]], [[Pakistan]], the [[Philippines]], [[Russia]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], [[Serbia]], [[Singapore]], [[Slovenia]], [[South Korea]], [[Spain]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Sweden]], [[Taiwan]], [[Tanzania]], [[Thailand]], [[Timor Leste]], [[Uganda]], [[Ukraine]], the [[United Arab Emirates]], the [[United Kingdom]], the [[United States]], [[Vietnam]], [[Yemen]], and [[Zambia]] congratulated Modi on his victory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/modi-election-results-meloni-putin-netanyahu-b2557060.html |title=World leaders slow to congratulate Modi after unexpectedly close India election |first=Shweta |last=Sharma |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=5 June 2024 |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606020110/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/modi-election-results-meloni-putin-netanyahu-b2557060.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Raul |first1=Dancel |title=PM Lawrence Wong, other world leaders congratulate India's Modi for 'historic' win |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pm-lawrence-wong-other-world-leaders-congratulate-india-s-modi-for-historic-win |newspaper=[[The Straits Times]] |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605070723/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/pm-lawrence-wong-other-world-leaders-congratulate-india-s-modi-for-historic-win |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Election Results 2024: Italian PM Meloni, other world leaders congratulate PM Modi on third term |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lok-sabha-results-2024-world-leaders-congratulate-pm-modi-on-third-term/article68253892.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606013314/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lok-sabha-results-2024-world-leaders-congratulate-pm-modi-on-third-term/article68253892.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bajo |first1=Anna Felicia |title=Marcos congratulates Narendra Modi for historic win |date=6 June 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/909210/marcos-congratulates-narendra-modi-for-historic-win/story/ |publisher=GMA News |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606045943/https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/909210/marcos-congratulates-narendra-modi-for-historic-win/story/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{bulleted list|Barbados: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/miaamormottley/status/179808485796657153 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611105859/https://x.com/miaamormottley/status/179808485796657153 |url-status=live }}
|Bhutan: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/tsheringtobgay/status/1798002980790415451 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611105857/https://x.com/tsheringtobgay/status/1798002980790415451 |url-status=live }}
|Italy: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/GiorgiaMeloni/status/1798065061325578370 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611105940/https://x.com/GiorgiaMeloni/status/1798065061325578370 |url-status=live }}
|Maldives: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/MMuizzu/status/1798056084147700110 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605052530/https://x.com/MMuizzu/status/1798056084147700110 |url-status=live }}
|Mauritius: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/KumarJugnauth/status/1798002513964363996 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605043918/https://x.com/KumarJugnauth/status/1798002513964363996 |url-status=live }}
|Nepal: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/cmprachanda/status/1798008853927456833 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604221415/https://x.com/cmprachanda/status/1798008853927456833 |url-status=live }}
|Singapore: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/LawrenceWongST/status/1798204297802608655 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605065532/https://x.com/LawrenceWongST/status/1798204297802608655 |url-status=live }}
|Sri Lanka: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/RW_UNP/status/1798019368674275413 |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=5 June 2024 |archive-date=5 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605010450/https://x.com/RW_UNP/status/1798019368674275413 |url-status=live }}
|PM Modi: {{cite web |title=x.com |url=https://x.com/narendramodi |website=X (formerly Twitter) |access-date=6 June 2024 |archive-date=6 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606203818/https://x.com/narendramodi |url-status=live }}
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202406050020|title=President Lai congratulates Modi on his reelection as India's Prime Minister|newspaper=Focus Taiwan|date=5 June 2024|first1=Wen|last1=Kuei-Hsiang|first2=Frances|last2=Huang|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605144537/https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202406050020|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-congratulates-india-over-success-of-lower-house-election-post288192.vnp|title=Vietnam congratulates India over success of lower house election|newspaper=Vietnam+|date=6 June 2024|access-date=6 June 2024|archive-date=6 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606140639/https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-congratulates-india-over-success-of-lower-house-election-post288192.vnp|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/pakistan-congratulates-people-of-india-shehbaz-sharif-led-party-hopes-for-peace-between-two-nations-2024-06-04-935214 | title='Pakistan congratulates people of India': Shehbaz Sharif-led party hopes for peace between two nations | date=4 June 2024 | access-date=9 June 2024 | archive-date=7 June 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607221518/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/pakistan-congratulates-people-of-india-shehbaz-sharif-led-party-hopes-for-peace-between-two-nations-2024-06-04-935214 | url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Stock markets ===
The benchmark [[BSE Sensex]] and [[Nifty50]] indices hit intraday record highs and the [[Indian rupee]] strengthened after the exit polls were released. However, on the day results were announced, Indian stock markets crashed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/stock-market-live-sensex-nifty-dalal-street-lok-sabha-elections-2024-results-counting-2548706-2024-06-04 |title=Stock Market updates: Worst crash on Dalal Street in 4 years as NDA falls short of '400 paar' |date=4 June 2024 |access-date=4 June 2024 |archive-date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604093801/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/stock-market-live-sensex-nifty-dalal-street-lok-sabha-elections-2024-results-counting-2548706-2024-06-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rahul Gandhi subsequently called for an investigation, saying that Modi, Amit Shah, and finance minister [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] had misled investors into buying stocks before the release of the election results on 4 June in anticipation of a landslide victory by the BJP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cekkddndldeo |title=India opposition accuses Modi of 'stock market scam' |date=7 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024 |publisher=BBC News |archive-date=7 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240607080807/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cekkddndldeo |url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2024 elections in India]]
* [[2024 Rajya Sabha elections]]
* [[2024 Speaker of the Lok Sabha election]]
* [[Elections in India]]
* [[Election Commission of India]]
* [[2025 Indian electoral controversy]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline}}

{{2024 Indian general election}}
{{Indian elections}}{{Portal bar|India|2020s|Politics}}

[[Category:2024 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:2024 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:April 2024 in India|General election]]
[[Category:May 2024 in India|General election]]
[[Category:June 2024 in India|General election]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Jhansi (actress)

2026-04-25T05:48:49Z

Ledx:

{{Short description|Indian television presenter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Jhansi
| birth_name = Jhansi Laxmi
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Vijayawada]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| occupation = [[Television presenter]], [[Actress]]
| years_active = 1994–⁠present
}}

'''Jhansi Laxmi''' is an Indian [[actress]], [[television presenter]], [[theatre practitioner]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2025-01-08 |title=Jhansi gears up for RangaYatra, to stage 'Tit for Tat' and 'Purusha Suktam' plays in Hyderabad this weekend |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/hyderabad-jhansi-gears-up-for-rangayatra/article69067837.ece |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and producer<ref>{{Cite web |author=((123telugu)) |date=2013-03-01 |title=Anchor Jhansi turns producer |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/anchor-jhansi-turns-producer-hm.html |access-date=2025-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> who works in [[Telugu cinema|Telugu films]] and television shows. She made her debut in [[Telugu cinema]] in the year 1994.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/tv-anchor-jhansi-dons-new-mantle/article4015379.ece|title=TV anchor Jhansi dons new mantle|date=20 October 2012|access-date=18 March 2018|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/jhansi-has-a-diverse-platter-on-hand-beginning-with-mallesham-and-brochevarevarura/article27995159.ece|title=Be it 'Mallesham' or 'Brochevarevarura', actor Jhansi has a diverse platter|first=Sangeetha Devi|last=Dundoo|date=17 June 2019|work=The Hindu}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/sep/07/interview--i-only-sign-shows-that-align-with-my-talent-age-and-values-anchor-jhansi-2029980.html|title=INTERVIEW | I only sign shows that align with my talent, age and values: Anchor Jhansi|website=The New Indian Express |date=7 September 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/Anchor-Jhansi-returns-to-films/articleshow/45776815.cms|title=Anchor Jhansi returns to films - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=6 January 2015 }}</ref> She won nine [[Nandi Awards]].

==Career==
Jhansi began her film career in the Telugu film industry in 1994 and has since portrayed a wide range of characters , building a reputation for versatility and depth in her roles. Early in her career, she appeared in memorable movies including ''[[Egire Paavurama]], [[Chandralekha (1998 film)|Chandralekha]], [[Jayam Manadera]]'' and ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]'' with her roles spanning from comedic to dramatic. {{citation needed|date=September 2025}} After a short hiatus from films, Jhansi made a notable comeback in 2015 with character roles in films like ''[[Pataas]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-01-06 |title=Anchor Jhansi returns to films |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/anchor-jhansi-returns-to-films/articleshow/45776815.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Biography, bio, Jhansi, Jhansi Biography, Jhansi Biodata, Jhansi Profile, Jhansi Awards, Jhansi Filmography |url=https://profilebeans.com/93_Jhansi-biodata.html |access-date=2025-08-28 |website=profilebeans.com |language=en}}</ref> Throughout her career, Jhansi has also worked as a dubbing artist, providing voice work for Telugu-dubbed films.<ref name=":1" />

As a television presenter, she has worked on various Telugu programs over several decades. Her hosting roles have included shows such as "Talk of the Town" on [[Gemini TV]], "Sunday Sandadi" on [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV Telugu]], and "Naveena" and "Chetana" on [[TV9 Telugu|TV9]].{{citation needed|date=September 2025}} These programs represent a range of formats including talk shows, entertainment, and game shows. Jhansi has remained active in Telugu television by participating in multiple shows and events as a host.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-12-19 |title=Throwback Thursday: TV host Jhansi gets nostalgic; shares a throwback picture with daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/throwback-thursday-tv-host-jhansi-gets-nostalgic-shares-a-throwback-picture-with-daughter/articleshow/72886925.cms |access-date=2025-08-28 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Filmography==
=== As an actress ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| rowspan="3" |1997 || ''[[Egire Paavurama]]'' || Saraswati's daughter||
|-
|''Bobbili Dora''
|
|
|-
| ''[[Aahwanam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|1998 || ''Navvulata'' || Jhansi ||
|-
|''[[Pelli Peetalu]]'' || Aruna ||
|-
| ''[[Chandralekha (1998 film)|Chandralekha]]'' || Prasad's wife ||
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Ravoyi Chandamama]]'' || Gowri ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2000 || ''[[Manoharam (2000 film)|Manoharam]]'' || Anand's younger sister ||
|-
|''[[Jayam Manadera]]'' || Bhavani ||
|-
| ''[[Uncle (2000 film)|Uncle]]'' || Gayatri ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2001 || ''[[Priyamaina Neeku]]'' || Aishwarya ||
|-
|''[[Family Circus (film)|Family Circus]]'' || Kantham ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2002 || ''[[Vooru Manadiraa]]'' || Bheemudu's sister || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-voorumanadiraa.html|title=Movie review - Vooru Manadiraa|last=Jeevi|date=31 May 2002|work=[[Idlebrain.com]]|access-date=26 December 2023|archive-date=1 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101070353/https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-voorumanadiraa.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Sontham (2002 film)|Sontham]]'' || Venkatalakshmi ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2003 || ''[[Ninne Ishtapaddanu]]'' || Visalakshi ||
|-
| ''Simhachalam'' || Vasundhara||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2004 || ''[[Yagnam (2004 film)|Yagnam]]'' || Suri's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Suryam]]'' || Suryam's mother ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Bhadra (2005 film)|Bhadra]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2006 || ''[[Sri Krishna 2006]]'' || Mandela's wife||
|-
| ''[[Pellaina Kothalo]]'' || Janaki ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2007 ||''[[Evadaithe Nakenti]]'' || Meena B. Gangadhar ||
|-
| ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]'' || Kokapeta Aunty ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2008 || ''[[Ashta Chamma]]'' || Mandira Devi ||
|-
| ''[[Swagatam]]'' || Supraja ||
|-
| rowspan="4"|2009 || ''[[Maska (2009 film)|Maska]]'' || Krish's sister-in-law ||
|-
| ''[[Current (2009 film)|Current]]'' || Sneha's aunt ||
|-
| ''[[Bangaru Babu (2009 film)|Bangaru Babu]]''|| ||
|-
| ''Aa Intlo'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2010 || ''[[Maa Nanna Chiranjeevi]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Maa Annayya Bangaram]]'' || Nandini ||
|-
| ''[[Saradaga Kasepu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Yemaindi Ee Vela]]'' || Avantika's aunt ||
|-
| ''[[Kalyanram Kathi]]'' || Sridevi ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2011 || ''[[Golconda High School]]'' || Vikas's mother||
|-
| ''[[Panjaa]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Bhale Mogudu Bhale Pellam]]'' || Maid Radha Bai||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Racha (film)|Racha]]'' || Slum Member||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2013 || ''Love Cycle'' || || <ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/love-cycle/movie-review/20110145.cms |title=Love Cycle movie review: Wallpaper, Story, Trailer at Times of India |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131060547/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/Love-Cycle/movie-review/20110145.cms |archive-date=2014-01-31}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Action 3D]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Anthaka Mundu Aa Tarvatha]]'' || Latha ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014 || ''[[Maaya (2014 film)|Maaya]]'' || Psychiatrist ||
|-
|''[[Dikkulu Choodaku Ramayya]]'' || Gopala Krishna's boss ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015 || ''[[Pataas]]'' || Mahathi's Sister ||
|-
|''[[Subramanyam For Sale]]'' || Parvathamma ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2016 || ''[[Soggade Chinni Nayana]]'' || Saraswathi ||
|-
| ''[[Speedunnodu]]'' || Vasanti's aunt ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2017 || ''[[DJ: Duvvada Jagannadham]]'' || Vignesh's mother-in- law||
|-
| ''[[Prematho Mee Karthik]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Sapthagiri LLB]]'' || Judge Jhansi||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2018 || ''[[Pantham]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Saakshyam]]'' || Soundarya's sister ||
|-
| ''[[Silly Fellows]]'' || Vasanthi's mother ||
|-
| rowspan="9"|2019 || ''[[F2: Fun and Frustration]]'' || Kanthamma ||
|-
| ''[[Maharshi (2019 film)|Maharshi]]'' || Interviewer ||
|-
| ''[[Mallesham]]'' || Lakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Brochevarevarura]]'' || Physics teacher ||
|-
| ''[[Edaina Jaragocchu]]'' || ||
|-
| ''[[Kousalya Krishnamurthy]]'' || Savitri ||
|-
| ''[[Manmadhudu 2]]'' || Swarnalatha ||
|-
| ''[[Ruler (film)|Ruler]]'' || Village member||
|-
| ''[[Bhagyanagara Veedullo Gamattu]]'' || Batuku Edla Bandi anchor ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020 || ''[[Pressure Cooker (2020 film)|Pressure Cooker]]'' || Anitha's mother ||
|-
|''[[Krishna and His Leela]]'' || Geetha ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Narappa]]''
| Narappa's sister
|
|-
|''[[Thimmarusu: Assignment Vali]]''
| Vasu's mother
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|[[Aadavallu Meeku Johaarlu (2022 film)|''Aadavallu Meeku Johaarlu'']]
| Sarita
|
|-
|[[F3 (film)|''F3'']]
|Kanthamma
|
|-
|''[[Ranga Ranga Vaibhavanga]]''
|Radha's friend's mother
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
| ''[[Waltair Veerayya]]''
|Lawyer
|
|-
| ''[[Dasara (film)|Dasara]]''
|Vennela's Mother
|
|-
| ''[[Anni Manchi Sakunamule]]''
|Geetha
|
|-
|''[[Salaar: Part 1 – Ceasefire]]''
|Obulamma
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2024
|[[Happy Ending (2024 film)|''Happy Ending'']]
|
|
|-
|''[[Average Student Nani]]''
|Nani's mother
|
|-
| ''[[Mr. Bachchan]]''
| Jhansi
|
|-
|''[[Double iSmart]]''
| Poochamma
|
|-
|''[[Saripodhaa Sanivaaram]]''
|Therapist
|
|-
|''[[Mathu Vadalara 2]]''
|Fake Dhamini
|
|-
|''[[Devaki Nandana Vasudeva]]''
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2025 || ''[[Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (2025 film)|Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi]]'' || Raja’s mother||<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=2025-04-05 |title=Radhan brings a unique sound in 'Priyamara,' the new single from Akkada Ammayi Ikkda Abbayi |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Apr/05/radhan-brings-a-unique-sound-in-priyamara-the-new-single-from-akkada-ammayi-ikkda-abbayi |access-date=2025-04-11 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[23 Iravai Moodu]]''
| Dr. Beena
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Dacoit: A Love Story]]''
|Shanti
|Telugu–[[Hindi]] bilingual film
|-
|}

=== As a dubbing artist ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Actress
! Title
! Notes
|-
| [[Kausalya (actress)|Kausalya]] || ''[[Alludugaaru Vachcharu]]'' (1999) ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] || [[Kandukondain Kandukondain|''Priyaralu Pilichindi'']] (2000) || Telugu dubbed version
|-
| ''[[Idi Sangathi]]'' (2008) ||
|-
| [[Jyothika]] ||''[[Thenali|Tenali]]'' (2000) || Telugu dubbed version
|-
| [[Trisha Krishnan|Trisha]] || ''[[Manmadan Ambu|Manmadha Banam]]'' (2010) || Telugu dubbed version<ref>{{cite web | title=Manmadha Banam: A rom-com without heart | work=The Hindu | date=25 December 2010 | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/Manmadha-Banam-A-rom-com-without-heart/article15608207.ece }}</ref>
|-
|[[Devadarshini]] || ''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' (2011) || Telugu dubbed version<ref>{{cite news |last=Chowdhary |first=Y. Sunita |date=14 July 2012 |title=The big journey |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-big-journey/article3639501.ece |issn=0971-751X|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230225635/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/the-big-journey/article3639501.ece|archive-date=30 December 2019|access-date=31 August 2024}}</ref>
|-
| [[Smriti Irani]] || ''[[Jai Bolo Telangana]]'' (2011) ||
|-
|}

=== Television ===
'''As host'''
*Talk of the Town for [[Gemini TV]]
*Sunday Sandadi for [[ETV (India)|ETV Telugu]]
*Manoyagnam serial for [[ETV (India)|ETV Telugu]]
*Sarada serial for [[Gemini TV]]
*Brain of Andhra for [[Star Maa|MAA TV]]
*Pelli Pustakam for [[Star Maa|MAA TV]]
*Black (season 1,2&3) for [[ETV (India)|ETV Telugu]]
*Ko Ante Koti for [[Gemini TV]]
*Lakku Kikku for [[Zee Telugu]]
*Bangaru kutumbam for [[Zee Telugu]]
*Box lo Bangaram for [[Gemini TV]]
*Naveena for [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]]
*Chetana for [[TV9 (Telugu)|TV9]]
*Starmaa Parivar League for [[Star Maa]]
*Start Music for [[Star Maa]]
*Starmaa Parivar League (season 2) for [[Star Maa]]
*Starmaa Parivar League (Season 3) for [[Star Maa]].

'''As actress'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
!Title
! Role
! Network
|-
| 1995{{Ndash}}1996 || ''[[Lady Detective (TV series)|Lady Detective]]'' || Roopa || [[ETV (Telugu)|ETV]]
|-
| 2001{{Ndash}}2007 || [[Amrutham (TV series)|''Amrutham'']] || Sanjeevani “Sanju” || [[Gemini TV]]
|-
| 2021 || [[The Baker and The Beauty (web series)|''The Baker and The Beauty'']] || Padma Dasaripalle || [[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Hostel Days]]'' || Canteen aunty
|[[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2024
|''[[Miss Perfect]]''
|Rajyalakshmi
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|-
|2025
|[[Hometown (Indian TV series)|''Hometown'']]
|
|[[Aha (streaming service)|Aha]]
|}

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] - ''Thodu'' (1997)
*[[Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] - ''[[Jayam Manadera]]'' (2000)
*[[Nandi Award for Best Female Comedian|Best Female Comedian]] - ''[[Tulasi (2007 film)|Tulasi]]'' (2007)
*[[Nandi Award for Best Female Comedian|Best Female Comedian]] - ''[[Simha (film)|Simha]]'' (2010)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1219922}}
{{Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jhansi, Anchor}}
[[Category:Indian television news anchors]]
[[Category:Telugu television anchors]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women television journalists]]
[[Category:Actresses from Vijayawada]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-film-actor-stub}}
{{India-tv-actor-stub}}

Cutch Agency

2026-04-22T08:36:04Z

Ledx: put up basic article w/ refs

{{Short description|Political agency of British India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Cutch Agency
|common_name =Cutch Agency
|nation = [[British India]]
|status_text = [[Agencies of British India|Agency of British India]]
|era =
|year_start = 1819
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1924
|date_end =
|event_end= Formation of the [[Western India States Agency]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = Western India States Agency
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = British Raj Red Ensign.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg
|image_map_caption = Map of the Cutch Agency area
|stat_area1 =19725
|stat_year1 =1901
|stat_pop1 =488,022
|footnotes =
}}
The '''Cutch Agency''' was one of the [[agencies of British India]]. The appointed Political Agent looked after only one territory, that of the [[princely state]] of [[Cutch State|Cutch]], which had a surface of {{convert|19,725| km²||}}, not including the [[Rann of Kutch]].

The agency's headquarters were at [[Bhuj]],<ref name=i/> where the Political Agent used to reside. He reported to the Political Department office at [[Bombay]], [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref>Sessional Papers - Volume 31, Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons published by H.M. Stationery Office, 1900 - Page 464</ref>

==History==
The agency was formed in 1819 when [[Cutch State]] became a [[British protectorate]].<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Cutch |volume=7 |pages=669–670}}</ref>

Captain [[James MacMurdo]] was first appointed Political Agent, as Collector and Resident of Cutch. He worked from his office
at [[Anjar, India|Anjar]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer, Volume 5 By Bombay (India : State)|date=1880|page=268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JH7q-DP30HUC&q=macmurdo+anjar&pg=PA268|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref> while the capital of [[Cutch State]] was located away at [[Bhuj]].

The progressive prosperity of Cutch was devastated by the [[famine]] of 1899-1900,<ref name=EB1911/> which was felt everywhere with extreme severity; between 1891 and 1901 the population of the state of Cutch decreased from 558,415 inhabitants in 1891 to 488,022 in 1901, owing to the famine.<ref>''[[The Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'', British India Office.</ref>

On 10 October 1924 the Cutch Agency was abolished and merged into the [[Western India States Agency]].<ref>The India Office and Burma Office List by Harrison and sons, Limited, 1922- Page 393</ref><ref name=i>The Indian Year Book, Volume 11 by Bennett, Coleman & Company, 1924, pp:151-152</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Indian and Pakistan Year Book, Volume 23|year=1936|page=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pg8IAQAAIAAJ&q=cutch+agency+formed+year}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Tharparkar#History|History of Tharparkar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|23|54|N|70|22|E|region:IN_type:landmark_source:kolossus-svwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Agencies of British India]]
[[Category:1924 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:1819 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Cutch State]]

Nilamani Bisoyi

2026-04-20T06:14:33Z

Ledx: added new post.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nilamani Bisoyi
| birth_name =
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = Member of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Surada Assembly constituency|Surada]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = Purna Chandra Swain
| constituency1 =
| term1 =
| term_end1 =
| successor1 =
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| other_party =
| website =
| alma_mater =
| profession = Politician
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Nilamani Bisoyi''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]], representing [[Surada Assembly constituency|Surada]] as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Nilamani Bisoyi Election Affidavit |url=https://www.myneta.info/Odisha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=298 |website=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Surada Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights:Nilamani Bisoyi of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/surada-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916663.html |website=News18 |publisher=Election Results Hub |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Odisha Assembly Election 2024: Full list of BJP candidates and their constituencies |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/odisha-assembly-election-2024-full-list-of-bjp-candidates-and-their-constituencies/3445155/ |website=Financial Express |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bisoyi, Nilamani}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Odisha]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJP-politician-stub}}

Nilamani Sen Deka

2026-04-19T20:54:02Z

Ledx: added a info.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nilamani Sen Deka
| native_name =
| image = Nilamani Sen Deka in November 2013 (cropped).jpg
| image_size = 175
| caption = Sen Deka in 2013
| birth_date = {{birth date and age text|1 March 1953}}
| party = [[Indian National Congress]] (1996-present)
| parents = Gauri Sen Deka (Father) Tara Sen Deka (Mother)
| spouse = Anulekha Sen Deka
| children = 2
| occupation = Politician
| other_party = Purbanchaliyo Loka Parishad (1982–1996)
| office = [[Government of Assam|Cabinet Minister, Assam]]
| term_start = 30 May 2011
| term_end = 26 January 2015
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| 2blankname = Departments
| 2namedata = {{bulleted list|[[Department of Agriculture and Horticulture (Assam)|Agriculture, Horticulture and Food Processing]]|Parliamentary Affairs|Irrigation, Soil Conservation {{small|(Jul'2014–Jan'2015)}}}}
| predecessor = {{ubl|[[Pramila Rani Brahma]] {{small|(Agriculture)}}|[[Bharat Narah]] {{small|(Parliamentary Affairs)}}|[[Ardhendu Kumar Dey]] {{small|(Irrigation, Soil Conservation)}}}}
| successor = {{ubl|[[Rakibul Hussain]] {{small|(Agriculture, Parliamentary Affairs)}}|[[Chandan Kumar Sarkar]] {{small|(Irrigation, Soil Conservation)}}}}
| office1 = [[Government of Assam|Minister of State, Assam]]
| term_start1 = 7 June 2002
| term_end1 = 6 July 2004
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Tarun Gogoi]]
| 2blankname1 = Departments
| 2namedata1 = {{bulleted list|Finance|Parliamentary Affairs}}
| office2 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]], [[Assam Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency2 = [[Dharmapur Assembly constituency|Dharmapur]]
| term_start2 = 13 May 2011
| term_end2 = 19 May 2016
| predecessor2 = [[Chandra Mohan Patowary]]
| successor2 = Chandra Mohan Patowary
| term_start3 = 27 May 2001
| term_end3 = 19 May 2006
| predecessor3 = Chandra Mohan Patowary
| successor3 = Chandra Mohan Patowary
}}

'''Nilamani Sen Deka''' (born 1 March 1953) is an [[Politics of India|Indian Politician]] from the state of [[Assam]]. He was a member of [[Assam Legislative Assembly]] for [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]] from 2001 to 2006 and again from 2011 to 2016. He also served as agriculture minister from 2011 to 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dharmapur Assembly Constituency Election Result - Legislative Assembly Constituency |url=https://resultuniversity.com/election/dharmapur-assam-assembly-constituency#2001 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=resultuniversity.com |archive-date=2022-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306174530/https://resultuniversity.com/election/dharmapur-assam-assembly-constituency#2001 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-11 |title=Assam Legislative Assembly |url=http://assamassembly.gov.in/nilamanisen-deka-2011.html |access-date=2022-03-16 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911053600/http://assamassembly.gov.in/nilamanisen-deka-2011.html |archive-date=11 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Portfolios allocated to new Assam ministers |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/portfolios-allocated-to-new-assam-ministers/articleshow/46021304.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2022-03-16 |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304204825/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/portfolios-allocated-to-new-assam-ministers/articleshow/46021304.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Talukdar |first=Sushanta |date=2015-01-19 |title=14 Congress Ministers resign ahead of Cabinet reshuffle in Assam |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/14-Congress-ministers-resign-ahead-of-Cabinet-reshuffle-in-Assam/article60350203.ece |access-date=2022-03-16 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2022-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304204826/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/14-Congress-ministers-resign-ahead-of-Cabinet-reshuffle-in-Assam/article60350203.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deka was born in 1953, and did his [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] and [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]] at [[Gauhati University]]. Deka's family were considered "left-loyalists" as his uncle was a leader of the [[Revolutionary Communist Party of India]] (RCIP). While studying law he had leanings towards the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|CPI (ML)]], but during the anti-foreigners movement he joined a regional party. In 1996, when all regional parties supported the [[Asom Gana Parishad|AGP]], he decided to join the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the Congress candidate for the [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur constituency]] in 2001 and defeated the incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] and future [[Leader of the Opposition]] [[Chandra Mohan Patowary]]. He was made a minister of state in the [[First Tarun Gogoi Ministry|First Tarun Gogoi cabinet]]. He unsuccessfully sought reelection in [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]], being defeated by [[Chandra Mohan Patowary|Patowary]]. However, in [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]], he contested from the Dharmapur constituency again and defeated Patowary. He was made Agriculture and Parliamentary affairs minister in the [[Third Tarun Gogoi Ministry|Third Tarun Gogoi cabinet]]. During his ministership, his department was considered the most successful department in the state at the time, and received much praise including from the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Union Finance Minister]] for its fiscal reforms. He resigned as minister in 2015 ahead of a [[cabinet reshuffle]] and in [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]] he lost his seat to [[Chandra Mohan Patowary|Patowary]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |author=Prabin Kalita|date=May 27, 2013 |title='I am happy being a writer and a common man' {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/i-am-happy-being-a-writer-and-a-common-man/articleshow/20287844.cms |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Deka was also General Secretary of [[Assam Pradesh Congress Committee]].<ref name=":1" />

However, Deka has received much criticism for controversial statements including remarks he made about [[Smriti Irani]] and has been involved in several scandals including a cash-for-job scandal in the Assam civil service involving his son.<ref name=":5" /> Deka is also an author and has written numerous books.<ref name=":9" />

== Early life and career ==
Deka was born on 1 March 1953 to the late Gauri Sen Deka and the late Tara Sen Deka. He has a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] and [[LLB]] from [[Gauhati University]] from 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nilamani Sen Deka(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- DHARMAPUR(NALBARI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/assam2011/candidate.php?candidate_id=669 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=myneta.info |archive-date=2018-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180212044943/http://myneta.info/assam2011/candidate.php?candidate_id=669 |url-status=live }}</ref> His uncle Tarun Sen Deka was a leader of the RCPI and was involved in the arms struggle and later was imprisoned from 1947 to 1952. His uncle was a writer as is his older brother Kanak Sen Deka.<ref name=":9" /> His brother served as [[List of Asam Sahitya Sabha presidents|president of the Assam Sahitya Sabha]] from 2005 to 2007.

Before Deka entered politics, he was an advocate at a high court. He received international prominence after fighting a legal battle for Dhaniram Baruah, who claimed he transferred the organs of a pig into a human and was able to keep him alive for 7 days.

== Political career ==

=== Early political career ===
While Deka was studying law he had a soft leaning to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)|Communist Party of India (ML)]], but in 1982 following the anti-foreigners movement he joined the Purbanchaliyo Loka Parishad, a regional party. After all regional parties supported the [[Asom Gana Parishad]], in 1996 he joined [[Indian National Congress]].

Deka was the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for the seat of [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]] in the 1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election. Deka received 17339 votes, 25.56% of the total vote. He was defeated by the incumbent [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]], [[Chandra Mohan Patowary]], by 30555 votes.<ref name=":0" />

Deka was again the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]] in the 2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election. He received 37674 votes, 50.64% of the total vote. He defeated [[Chandra Mohan Patowary|Patowary]] by 1451 votes and became the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|constituency]].<ref name=":0" /> He was made a minister of state in the [[First Tarun Gogoi Ministry|First Tarun Gogoi cabinet]].

Deka sought reelection in the [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006 Assam Legislative Assembly]] election in [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]]. He received 42372 votes, and was defeated by [[Chandra Mohan Patowary|Patowary]] again by 9554 votes.

He was again the [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for Dharmapur in the [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]. He received 50786 votes, 51.34% of the total vote and again became [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency. He defeated [[Chandra Mohan Patowary|Patowary]] by 5331 votes.<ref name=":0" />

=== Ministership ===
Two weeks after Deka's election, he was inducted into the [[Tarun Gogoi]] cabinet. He was made Minister for Agriculture, Horticulture, Food Processing and Parliamentary Affairs.<ref name=":1" />

On 24 July 2012, Deka along with [[Prithibi Majhi]] were directed to visit [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] by Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi, amid growing violence between [[Kokrajhar district|Kokrajhar]] and [[Chirang district|Chirang]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Centre steps in to control riots Violence spreads to Dhubri |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/centre-steps-in-to-control-riots-violence-spreads-to-dhubri/cid/399423 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.telegraphindia.com |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316190838/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/centre-steps-in-to-control-riots-violence-spreads-to-dhubri/cid/399423 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-24 |title=Pray for Assam: Tribals' clash with immigrants leads to violence |url=https://www.christianmessenger.in/pray-for-assam-tribals-clash-with-immigrants-leads-to-violence/ |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Christian Messenger |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727112822/http://www.christianmessenger.in/pray-for-assam-tribals-clash-with-immigrants-leads-to-violence/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:The Minister of Agriculture & Parliamentary Affairs, Assam, Shri Nilamani Sen Deka addressing at the Public Information Campaign on Bharat Nirman, organized by Press Information Bureau, at Barpeta District of Assam.jpg|thumb|Deka addressing a public information campaign on bharat nirman on 22 November 2013]]
On 6 August 2014, following the [[drought]] situation in 14 Assam districts, Deka directed his department officials to take all measures to tackle the situation and sought detailed reports from deputy commissioners and the agriculture officials of the affected districts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=India TV News |date=2014-08-06 |title=Drought-like situation in 14 Assam districts |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-drought-nilamani-sen-deka-tarun-gogoi-40188.html |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316190848/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-drought-nilamani-sen-deka-tarun-gogoi-40188.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 7 August 2014, the Assam government submitted proposals of around Rs 605.16 crore to the Central government for Multi-sectoral Development Programme, the state Assembly was informed today. Deka said the submitted proposals are "under consideration of the Ministry of Minority Affairs".<ref>{{Cite news |title=Assam submits Rs 605-crore proposals to Minority Affairs Ministry |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-submits-rs-605-crore-proposals-to-minority-affairs-ministry/articleshow/39814478.cms |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref>

On 13 August 2014, Deka addressed the state [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] on the 9100 people that had tested positive for [[HIV]]. He also informed the Assembly that Assam State AIDS Control Society is implementing the National AIDS Control Programme as per the Department of AIDS Control's plan to prevent further spread of the disease. He also stated that 6 people had died of [[Malaria]].<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI|date=Aug 13, 2014 |title=More than 9,100 HIV positive patients in Assam: Govt {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/more-than-9100-hiv-positive-patients-in-assam-govt/articleshow/40197286.cms |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925080819/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/More-than-9100-HIV-positive-patients-in-Assam-Govt/articleshow/40197286.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:The Minister of State for Development of North Eastern Region (Independent Charge), External Affairs and Overseas Indian Affairs.jpg|thumb|Deka with the minister of state [[V. K. Singh]] lighting a lamp to inaugurate the “National Cold Chain Summit 2014” on 12 July 2014 in Guwahati]]On 30 August 2014, all opposition members walked out of the assembly in due to not having discussion on the violence in [[Golaghat|Golgahat]]. Deka replied by stating the two issues could not be discussed as per law for they were sub-judice with Opposition AGP's [[Jagadish Bhuyan]] and [[Zoii Nath Sarmah|Zoii Nath Sarma]] filing a PIL in the Gauhati High Court on August 25 on the incident of police firing at Rangajan in Golaghat district on August 19 and 20.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Opposition walks out in Assam Assembly |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/opposition-walks-out-in-assam-assembly/articleshow/41256622.cms |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref>

On 15 December 2014, The Assam government tabled legislation that prevented a court from granting anticipatory bail to any person apprehending arrest in connection with an offence under the Assam protection of interests of depositors. Deka introduced the Assam Protection of Interests of Depositors (in Financial Establishments) (Amendment) Bill, 2014 in the state Assembly.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Assam looks to tighten law against ponzi schemes |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-looks-to-tighten-law-against-ponzi-schemes/articleshow/45529176.cms |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Assam government looks to tighten law against ponzi scheme |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/assam-government-looks-to-tighten-law-against-ponzi-scheme/articleshow/45523537.cms |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref>

The following day on 16 December The state government will brought a resolution in the assembly by requesting the centre for proper implementation of the Assam Accord. This was stated by Deka in the House after a discussion by Opposition AGP on the non-implementation of the accord signed in 1985 by then prime minister Rajiv Gandhi and leaders of the Assam agitation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Government to bring resolution for implementation of Assam Accord |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/government-to-bring-resolution-for-implementation-of-assam-accord/articleshow/45535865.cms |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref>

On 19 January 2015, Deka along with all of the cabinet resigned from their ministries ahead of a cabinet reshuffle. The new ministry was inducted on the 23 January and Deka was not included. He was succeeded by [[Rakibul Hussain]].<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Post-ministership ===
In the [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]], Deka sought reelection in [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]]. He received 36560 votes, 32.95% of the total vote. He lost to [[Chandra Mohan Patowary]] again by 33943 votes. He was not the Congress candidate for [[Dharmapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dharmapur]] in [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]].<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
Deka is married to Anulekha Sen Deka and they have 2 sons.

Deka is also an author and writer. Deka has authored 21 books and written more than 300 articles.<ref name=":1" /> He enjoys reading books and doing research works relating to political, economics and social aspects of 19th and 20th category.<ref name=":1" /> In a 2013 interview with the [[times of india]], he stated "writing is my passion and comes before politics. My interest is writing researched-based books. I have written 18 books so far and 11 of them are research-based." In the same interview he expressed interest in becoming [[List of Asam Sahitya Sabha presidents|president of the Assam Sahitya Sabha]].<ref name=":9" />

== Controversy ==

=== Full-meal remarks ===
On 28 July 2013 Deka stated "a person can have a full meal in the state for Rs 2.50 because of largescale production of rice and vegetables in Assam" while addressing a Planning Commission's report on poverty.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Himanta meal jab at Deka |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/himanta-meal-jab-at-deka/cid/282523 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Fault in my stars: Deka |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/fault-in-my-stars-deka/cid/1528244 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

The comment drew much criticism including from Health Minister [[Himanta Biswa Sarma]], who stated "no comment that hurts the common people should be made by anyone. Such controversial comments should be avoided by those in the Congress since their leaders Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi are making every possible effort to remove poverty from the country. No one should ridicule poverty." Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]] distanced himself from the comments, while [[Prafulla Kumar Mahanta]] and [[Sarbananda Sonowal]] criticised the comments, with Sonowal stating "Congress is promoting syndicate and allowing criminals and racketeers to control the market. That is why it is possible for Congress ministers and MLAs to get food without paying a single penny. That is why Deka is saying this."<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam Minister to prove 8 people can have food for just Rs 20 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/BBV/assam-minister-to-prove-8-people-can-have-food-for-just-rs-20_865328.html/amp |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=zeenews.india.com}}</ref>

=== Missing woman disappearance ===
On 13 January 2015, Assam Public Works, an NGO, today alleged that Deka had a role in the disappearance of a young woman from his constituency in lower Assam's Nalbari district 10 years back.

The APW president Abhijit Sarma said Namita Barman, a woman from Deka's constituency Dharmapur, went missing after she had gone to meet Deka on 1 September 2004, to request a government job. She was then 25.

Sarma said a case was registered at Belsor police station based on a complaint lodged by the woman's parents. "Deka has recently said he knows where the woman is. We give him 10 days time to make the whereabouts of the woman public or else we will move court, the governor and Congress president Sonia Gandhi on this issue," said Sarma. Deka, however, denied the allegations and said according to his information, Namita had eloped with a man from a minority community to marry him.

"The police had investigated the case and filed a final report in the court saying the girl had eloped and married a man and since then they have been living together. Whatever APW is saying against me is false. I don't even know the girl," Deka said.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finger at Deka for missing woman - Minister given 10 days to come clean |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/finger-at-deka-for-missing-woman-minister-given-10-days-to-come-clean/cid/1627594 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref>

=== Remarks about Smriti Irani ===
On 27 December 2015, Deka made remarks at a public meeting that alleged that the [[Ministry of Education (India)|Union Minister of Human Resource Development]] [[Smriti Irani]] was the second wife of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Indiablooms |title=Congress leader's remarks on Modi-Smriti Irani triggers controversy in Assam {{!}} Indiablooms - First Portal on Digital News Management |url=https://www.indiablooms.com/news-details/N/16200/congress-leader-s-remarks-on-modi-smriti-irani-triggers-controversy-in-assam.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Indiablooms.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=After Furore, Congress Leader Expresses Regret Over Remark Against Smriti Irani |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/after-furore-congress-leader-expresses-regret-over-remark-against-smriti-irani-1259959 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |agency=TNN|date=Dec 28, 2015 |title=BJP raps ex-Cong minister for Smriti remarks {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/bjp-raps-ex-cong-minister-for-smriti-remarks/articleshow/50348901.cms |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

Deka's remarks received much criticism, including from Chief Minister [[Tarun Gogoi]] who said it was "not in Assamese culture".<ref name=":6" /> Deka replied by saying "We criticise the opponents in different languages. While doing so, I made the comment. I regret my statement and withdraw it immediately. I do not want any controversy over it anymore."

Irani, who was on a visit to the state soon after, addressed a workers rally in [[Nalbari]], replied at the ruling Congress in Assam alleging that women's dignity is at stake in Assam and people will give a "befitting reply" in the 2016 assembly polls in the state.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Tension Flares In Assam Over Controversial Comment Against Smriti Irani |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/tensions-flare-in-assam-over-controversial-comment-against-smriti-irani-1259920 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

A police complaint was filed against Deka, and BJP supporters held protest in front of the Congress headquarters, calling for his arrest.<ref name=":7" />

=== Agriculture department scandal ===
On 27 January 2017, the CID investigated Deka due to his alleged role in the 700 crore scam in the agriculture department.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nilamani under CID scanner |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/nilamani-under-cid-scanner/cid/1421762 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2017-02-26 |title=Former minister Nilamani Sen Deka's effigy burnt at Golaghat - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/news/former-minister-nilamani-sen-dekas-effigy-burnt-at-golaghat/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=Sentinel Digital |date=2017-02-26 |title=Agriculture cleanup - Sentinelassam |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/editorial/agriculture-cleanup/ |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=www.sentinelassam.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Cash-for-job scandal ===
On 13 November 2017 Deka's son Rajarshi Sen Deka was arrested in an [[Assam Public Service Commission]] scandal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Former Assam Congress Minister's Son Arrested In Cash-For-Job Scam |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-assam-congress-ministers-son-arrested-in-cash-for-job-scam-1775009 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Pranjal Baruah|date=Nov 27, 2017 |title=rajarshi sen deka: APSC scam: Ex-minister's son sent to judicial custody {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/apsc-scam-ex-ministers-son-sent-to-judicial-custody/articleshow/61813640.cms |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Assam jobs-for-cash scam: Congress ex-minister's son surrenders |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/former-assam-congress-ministers-son-arrested-in-cash-for-job-scam-1775009 |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-13 |title=Assam APSC Scam:Ex Congress minister's son surrenders |url=https://thenortheasttoday.com/states/assam/assam-apsc-scamex-congress-ministers-son-surrenders/cid2545681.htm |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=thenortheasttoday.com |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Son of former Congress minister granted bail in connection with APSC Scam |url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/guwahati/son-of-former-congress-minister-granted-bail-in-connection-with-apsc-scam |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.guwahatiplus.com |language=en}}</ref> Assam Director General of Police Mukesh Sahay said that Rajarshi Deka had got his job through "unfair means". A Pratidin time report claimed that Rajarshi Deka never wanted to be in the civil service, but Nilamani Sen Deka had used his power as a minister to get his son into the civil service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pradip Dutta Roy questions BJP, AGP's silence on Deka's statement; says if CAB is opposed Assam will get divided |url=https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/pradip-dutta-roy-questions-bjp-agps-silence-on-dekas-statement-says-if-cab-is-opposed-assam-will-get-divided/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928042613/https://www.barakbulletin.com/en_US/pradip-dutta-roy-questions-bjp-agps-silence-on-dekas-statement-says-if-cab-is-opposed-assam-will-get-divided/ |archive-date=2020-09-28 |access-date=2022-03-16 |website=Barak Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> Rajarshi Deka was later granted bail.<ref name=":8" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=Pratidin |title=APSC scam : 5 more granted bail |url=https://www.pratidintime.com/latest-assam-news-breaking-news-assam/apsc-scam-5-more-granted-bail |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=Pratidin Time |language=en}}</ref>

=== Bengali remarks ===
On 13 November 2019, Deka received more criticism for his [[derogatory]] remarks about the [[Bengalis|Bengali community]] in Assam. A Hojai-based journalist later filed an FIR against Deka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Ne Now |date=2019-11-20 |title=Hojai scribe files FIR against Nilamani Sen Deka |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/assam/hojai-scribe-files-fir-against-nilamani-sen-deka.html |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deka, Nilamani Sen}}
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:Assam MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Assam]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Assam]]

Serlui Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:54Z

Ledx: Creating article

{{Short description|Constituency of the Mizoram legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Serlui
| type = SLA
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Mizoram (Serlui highlighted).png
| constituency_no = 6
| state = [[Mizoram]]
| district = [[Kolasib district|Kolasib]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Mizoram Lok Sabha constituency|Mizoram]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| mla = [[Lalrinsanga Ralte]]
| party = [[Mizo National Front]]
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:16627}}
}}
'''Serlui''' is one of the 40 [[Mizoram Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Mizoram]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |work=ECI |publisher=Election Commission of India |url=http://eciresults.ap.nic.in |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215221429/http://eciresults.ap.nic.in/ |archivedate=2013-12-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=elections.in>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/mizoram/assembly-constituencies|title=Mizoram Assembly Constituency List|publisher=www.elections.in}}</ref>

It is part of [[Kolasib district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| rowspan=2|[[K. Lalrinthanga]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
|[[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
| [[Lalrinsanga Ralte]]
| {{Full party name with colour|Mizo National Front}}
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2023===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2023 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Serlui}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Lalrinsanga Ralte]]|party=Mizo National Front|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Lalhmachhuana|party=Indian National Congress|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=C. Lalthanfela|party=Zoram People's Movement|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Robinson Malsawmtluanga Hmar|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2018===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2018 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Serlui<ref>{{cite web|title=Mizoram Legislative Election 2018- Statistical Report|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9687-mizoram-legislative-election-2018-statistical-report/|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[Lalrinsanga Ralte]]
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = 6128
|percentage = 38.17
|change = {{increase}}7.71
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalhmachhuana
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5201
|percentage = 32.39
|change = {{decrease}}8.13
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalmuanpuia Punte
|party = Zoram People's Movement
|votes = 1995
|percentage = 12.43
|change = {{decrease}}12.96
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vanlalhmuaka
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 1959
|percentage = 12.20
|change = {{increase}}9.67
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Hmingchungnunga
|party = National People's Party (India)
|votes = 638
|percentage = 3.97
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 134
|percentage = 0.83
|change = {{decrease}}0.28
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 927
|percentage = 5.82
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 16,055
|percentage = 83.82
|change = {{increase}}0.89
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Mizo National Front
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2013===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2013 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Serlui<ref name=Miz2013>{{cite web |url= http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |title= Assembly Elections December 2013 Results |publisher= Election Commission of India |access-date= 8 October 2021 |archive-date= 15 December 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131215065208/http://eciresults.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[K. Lalrinthanga]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 5664
|percentage = 40.52
|change = {{increase}}3.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Lalhmingliana
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = 4258
|percentage = 30.46
|change = {{increase}}0.72
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = R. Lalawia
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party
|votes = 3549
|percentage = 25.39
|change = {{increase}}5.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = H. A. Dawngliana
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 354
|percentage = 2.53
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 155
|percentage = 1.11
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1406
|percentage = 10.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13980
|percentage = 82.93
|change = {{increase}}0.03
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2008 Mizoram Legislative Assembly election]]: Serlui<ref name="eci">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3666-mizoram-2008/ |title=Mizoram 2008 - Mizoram - Election Commission of India |date= |author= |accessdate= 8 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[K. Lalrinthanga]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 4536
|percentage = 37.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = D. Thangliana
|party = Mizo National Front
|votes = 3612
|percentage = 29.74
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = H. L. Hluna
|party = Zoram Nationalist Party
|votes = 2381
|percentage = 19.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Vanlalhmuaka
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 1370
|percentage = 11.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|candidate = Laldawmliana
|party = LB
|votes = 169
|percentage = 1.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = David Lalrosanga
|party = Lok Janshakti Party
|votes = 76
|percentage = 0.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 924
|percentage = 7.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 12144
|percentage = 82.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Mizoram}}

{{coord|24.462716|92.759729|display=title}}

[[Category:Kolasib district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Mizoram]]
[[Category:Politics of Mizoram]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Mizoram]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Sangam Vihar Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:34:36Z

Ledx: Creating a stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Sangam Vihar
| mla = [[Chandan Kumar Choudhary]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| established = 2009
| state = [[Delhi]]
| district = [[South Delhi]]
| type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 49
}}
'''Sangam Vihar Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in northern [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangam Vihar|url=https://www.naveenrana.com/p/sangam-vihar.html|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Naveen Rana: Helping You Grow Online|language=id}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Overview==
Present boundaries of Sangam Vihar constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=549}}</ref>
Sangam Vihar is part of [[South Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|South Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Bijwasan (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Bijwasan]], [[Ambedkar Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Ambedkar Nagar]], [[Chhatarpur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Chhatarpur]], [[Deoli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Deoli]], [[Kalkaji (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Kalkaji]], [[Tughlakabad (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tughlakabad]], [[Palam (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Palam]], [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur]] and [[Mehrauli (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Mehrauli]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sangam Vihar|url=https://www.naveenrana.com/p/sangam-vihar.html|access-date=2020-11-19|website=Naveen Rana: Helping You Grow Online|language=id}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/sangam-vihar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
| Shiv Charan Lal Gupta
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Chandan Kumar Choudhary]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: Sangam Vihar<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Sangam Vihar">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Sangam Vihar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0549.htm |access-date=8 February 2025 |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250208115232/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0549.htm |archive-date=8 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Sangam Vihar Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Sangam Vihar Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/sangam-vihar |access-date=20 March 2025 |work=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250320095715/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/sangam-vihar |archive-date=20 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=[[Chandan Kumar Choudhary]]|votes=54,049|percentage=42.99|change={{Increase}}17.26}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]
| votes =53,705
| percentage = 42.72
| change = {{decrease}}21.86
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Harsh Chaudhary|votes=15,863|percentage=12.62|change={{Increase}}10.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=537|percentage=0.43|change={{decrease}}0.32}}
{{Election box majority||votes=344|percentage=0.27|change={{down}}36.17}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=125,714|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| loser = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin |title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: Sangam Vihar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]
| votes = 75,345
| percentage = 64.58
| change = {{decrease}}1.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate =Shiv Charan Gupta
| votes = 32,823
| percentage = 28.13
| change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate =Suresh Chaudhary
| votes = 2,930
| percentage = 2.50
| change = {{decrease}}0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Poonam Azad
| votes = 2,604
| percentage = 2.22
| change = {{decrease}}0.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 872
| percentage = 0.75
| change = +0.33
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 42,522
| percentage = 36.44
| change = -3.77
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,17,577
| percentage =62.20
| change =-4.48
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = -1.37
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: Sangam Vihar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]
| votes = 72,131
| percentage = 65.95
| change = +38.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Dr. Shiv Charan Lal Gupta
| votes = 28,143
| percentage = 25.73
| change = -1.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Vishan Swaroop Agarwal
| votes = 3,423
| percentage = 3.13
| change = -15.30
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Shish Pal Singh
| votes = 3,146
| percentage = 2.87
| change = -8.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 467
| percentage = 0.42
| change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 43,988
| percentage = 40.22
| change = +39.35
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,09,373
| percentage =66.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +37.45
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: Sangam Vihar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Dinesh Mohaniya]]
| votes = 24,851
| percentage = 27.87
| change = New
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Dr. Shiv Charan Lal Gupta
| votes = 24,074
| percentage = 27.00
| change = -0.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Jag Parvesh
| votes = 16,435
| percentage = 18.43
| change = -4.11
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Vir Singh
| votes = 9,850
| percentage = 11.05
| change = -4.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Shish Pal Singh
| votes = 9,010
| percentage = 10.10
| change = +9.96
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
| candidate = Dasharth Chohan
| votes = 1,500
| percentage = 1.68
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = [[None of the above]]
| votes = 298
| percentage = 0.33
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 777
| percentage = 0.87
| change = -3.96
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 89,167
| percentage = 64.95
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Sangam Vihar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = Shiv Charan Lal Gupta
| votes = 20,332
| percentage = 27.37
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Amod Kumar Kanth
| votes = 16,743
| percentage = 22.54
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Ranjit Singh
| votes = 11,687
| percentage = 15.73
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Vir Singh
| votes = 10,577
| percentage = 14.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = A K Gupta
| votes = 9,665
| percentage = 13.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Lok Janshakti Party
| candidate = Suresh Choudhary
| votes = 2,975
| percentage = 4.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,589
| percentage = 4.83
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 74,281
| percentage = 51.40
| change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coord|28.499|77.240|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:South Delhi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Badrinath Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:18:42Z

Ledx: info

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttarakhand legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Badrinath
| state = Uttarakhand
| district = [[Chamoli]]
| mla = [[Lakhpat Singh Butola]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| electors = 102,237
| latest_election_year = [[2024 elections in India|2024]]
| type = SLA
| loksabha_cons = [[Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency|Garhwal]]
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 4
| map_image = Badrinath Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Badrinath Legislative Assembly constituency''' is one of the 70 assembly constituencies of [[Uttarakhand]] a northern state of [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly Constitution Detail |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060144/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_detl.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |title=CEO Uttaranchal - Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies |website=gov.ua.nic.in |access-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203060201/http://gov.ua.nic.in/ceouttranchal/ceo/ac_pc.aspx |archive-date=3 December 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Badrinath]] is part of [[Garhwal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Garhwal Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Name<ref>{{Cite web |title=Badrinath Election and Results 2022, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttarakhand/assembly-constituencies/badrinath.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1957 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Ghyansham
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[1962 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Yogeshwar Prasad Khanduri
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| colspan="4" |{{center|''1967–2002 : Constituency abolished, see [[Badri-Kedar Assembly constituency]]''}}
|-
|[[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|[[Anusuya Prasad Maikhuri]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Kedar Singh Phonia]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Mahendra Bhatt]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 elections in India|2024]]^
|[[Lakhpat Singh Butola]]
|-
|}
^By-election

==Election results==
===2024 by-election===
{{Election box begin | title= [[2024 elections in India#Uttarakhand|Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly by-election 2024]]: Badrinath}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Lakhpat Singh Butola]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 28,167
|percentage = 51.93
|change = {{Increase}}4.05
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 22,937
|percentage = 42.30
|change = {{decrease}}2.55
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Naval Kishore Khali
|party = Independent
|votes = 1,813
|percentage = 3.34
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 823
|percentage = 1.52
|change = {{Increase}}0.24
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Himmat Singh Negi
|party = Sainik Samaj Party
|votes = 494
|percentage = 0.91
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 5,230
|percentage = 9.9
|change = {{increase}}6.87
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 54,228
|percentage = 49.8
|change = {{decrease}}15.29
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2022 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2022 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Badrinath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2022 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615102703/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2022/Form20/form20_2022.htm|archive-date=15 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=32,661 |percentage=47.88% |change={{increase}}10.28 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mahendra Bhatt]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=30,595 |percentage=44.85% |change={{decrease}}1.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Prasad Mandoli |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=871 |percentage=1.28% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nota |party=None of the Above |votes=853 |percentage=1.25% |change={{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Joshi |party=Communist Party of India |votes=798 |percentage=1.17% |change={{decrease}}2.55 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukesh Lal Koshwal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=552 |percentage=0.81% |change={{decrease}}1.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Shailendra Prakash Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=481 |percentage=0.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pushkar Lal Baichhwal |party=Peoples Party of India (Democratic) |votes=397 |percentage=0.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Beeru Sajwan |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=343 |percentage=0.50% |change={{decrease}}0.26 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dheerandra Pal Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=280 |percentage=0.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukund Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=210 |percentage=0.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sunil Che |party=Independent politician |votes=170|percentage=0.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,066 |percentage=3.03% |change= {{decrease}}5.78 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=68,211 |percentage=65.09% |change= {{increase}}2.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,04,795 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2017 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Badrinath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2017 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630093109/https://election.uk.gov.in/CEO-Website/VidhanSabha2017/Form_20/form20_2017.htm|archive-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Mahendra Bhatt]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=29,676 |percentage=46.42% |change={{increase}}25.98 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=24,042 |percentage=37.60% |change={{decrease}}1.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh Kunwar |party=Communist Party of India |votes=2,380 |percentage=3.72% |change={{decrease}}4.75 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Vinod Fonia |party=Independent politician |votes=2,370 |percentage=3.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukesh Lal Koshwal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,652 |percentage=2.58% |change={{decrease}}0.44 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Aruna Danwashi |party=Independent politician |votes=916 |percentage=1.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Keerat Singh Bhandari |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=859 |percentage=1.34% |change={{increase}}0.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the Above |votes=691 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Singh Negi |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=487 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Laxmi Prasad Sati |party=Independent politician |votes=335 |percentage=0.52% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,634 |percentage=8.81% |change= {{decrease}}9.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=63,933 |percentage=62.84% |change= {{decrease}}1.58 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,01,740 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.64 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.51 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2012 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2012 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Badrinath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Uttarakhand|title=Uttarakhand State General Assembly Elections 2012 - AC-Wise Detailed Result (Form-20) |url=https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929115647/https://election.uk.gov.in/Vidhan_sabha2012/form20_2012_PDF/form20_2012.htm|archive-date=29 September 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Rajendra Singh Bhandari]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,492 |percentage=38.90% |change={{increase}}6.78 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Ballabh Bhatt |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,291 |percentage=20.44% |change={{decrease}}21.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Phonia]] |party=Uttarakhand Raksha Morcha |votes=7,511 |percentage=13.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nandan Singh Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=5,803 |percentage=10.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Anand Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=4,681 |percentage=8.47% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,671 |percentage=3.02% |change={{increase}}0.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pankaj Vyas |party=Independent politician |votes=1,267 |percentage=2.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mohan Lal Bharti |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=699 |percentage=1.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Alok Meherwal |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=579 |percentage=1.05% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,201 |percentage=18.46% |change= {{increase}}8.72 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=55,246 |percentage=64.42% |change= {{increase}}1.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 85,758 |ref = |change= {{increase}}35.30 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}2.97 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly election]]: Badrinath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2007 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114082304/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/Stat_rept_2007_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Phonia]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=16,607 |percentage=41.87% |change={{increase}}10.15 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anusuya Prasad Maikhuri|Dr. Anusuya Prasad Maikhuri]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,742 |percentage=32.13% |change={{decrease}}2.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhawan Singh Chuahan |party=Independent politician |votes=2,821 |percentage=7.11% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendar Singh Pharswan |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=2,505 |percentage=6.32% |change={{increase}}4.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indra Prakash Pant |party=Bharatiya Jan Shakti |votes=1,384 |percentage=3.49% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Singh Negi |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,093 |percentage=2.76% |change={{decrease}}1.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachi Ram Uniyal |party=Independent politician |votes=786 |percentage=1.98% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul Sati |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation) |votes=366 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganeshi Devi |party=Independent politician |votes=366 |percentage=0.92% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Surendra Singh Bhilangwal |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=361 |percentage=0.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indra Singh Bisht |party=Independent politician |votes=259 |percentage=0.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Badrish Lal |party=Bhartiya Mahashakti Morcha |votes=204|percentage=0.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kishan Singh |party=Samata Party |votes=169|percentage=0.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,865 |percentage=9.74% |change= {{increase}}6.65 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=39,663 |percentage=62.76% |change= {{increase}}8.91 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 63,384 |ref = |change= {{increase}}6.25 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}7.06 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2002 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2002 Uttaranchal Legislative Assembly election]]: Badrinath<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2002 to the Legislative Assembly of Uttarakhand |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114065248/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_2002_UT.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Anusuya Prasad Maikhuri|Dr. Anusuya Prasad Maikhuri]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,145 |percentage=34.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Kedar Singh Phonia]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=10,154 |percentage=31.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bharat Singh |party=Communist Party of India |votes=3,043 |percentage=9.50% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Devendra Singh Farswan |party=Independent politician |votes=1,572 |percentage=4.91% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachan Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,413 |percentage=4.41% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bachi Ram Uniyal |party=Independent politician |votes=1,104 |percentage=3.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dheerendra Singh Bisht (Dheeru Pradhan) |party=Independent politician |votes=1,027 |percentage=3.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arun Kumar |party=Uttarakhand Kranti Dal |votes=625 |percentage=1.95% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabar Singh Kunwar |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=597 |percentage=1.86% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashok Hatwal |party=Independent politician |votes=580 |percentage=1.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagwati Prasd Namburi |party=Uttarakhand Janwadi Party |votes=437 |percentage=1.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Indra Singh Sanwal|party=Nyaynishth Prajatantra |votes=319 |percentage=1.00% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=991 |percentage=3.10% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=32,016 |percentage=53.77% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,656 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Badri–Kedar (Uttarakhand Assembly constituency)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Record of all Uttarakhand Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/93-uttarakhand/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=17 January 2024}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand}}

{{coord|30.74|79.49|display=title}}

[[Category:Chamoli]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Chamoli district]]
[[Category:Politics of Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2002]]

Jamner Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T13:15:58Z

Ledx: created article

{{Short description|Legislative constituency in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Jamner
| constituency_no = 19
| type = SLA
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| map_image = 19-Jamner.svg
| loksabha_cons = [[Raver Lok Sabha constituency|Raver]]
| district = [[Jalgaon district|Jalgaon]]
| established = 1962
| reservation = None
| mla = [[Girish Mahajan]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| incumbent_image = Girish_Mahajan_Concert.jpg
| alliance = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| electors =335,669
}}
'''Jamner Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western India. This constituency is located in the [[Jalgaon district]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies |publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website |access-date=8 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php |archive-date=18 March 2010 }}</ref>

==Overview==
Jamner is part of the [[Raver (Lok Sabha constituency)|Raver Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Bhusawal Assembly constituency|Bhusawal]], [[Chopda Assembly constituency|Chopda]], [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar]] and [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver]] in Jalgaon district and [[Malkapur Assembly constituency|Malkapur]] in the adjoining [[Buldhana district]].

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==

{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamner Vidhan Sabha Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/jamner.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| rowspan="2" | Abaji Nana Patil
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|-
| [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Narayan Kisan Patil
| {{party name with color|Independent politician|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Gajananrao Garud
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[Ishwarlal Jain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (U)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Babusing Rathod
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Dattatray Mahajan
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| Rowspan=7|[[Girish Mahajan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=7}}
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2024===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref name="Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jamner">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=Maharastra Assembly Election Results 2024 - Jamner |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1319.htm |access-date=28 November 2024 |date=23 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128173817/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenNov2024/candidateswise-S1319.htm |archive-date=28 November 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,28,667 |percentage = 54.32% |change={{decrease}}1.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khodape Dilip Baliram |party=Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar |votes = 1,01,782 |percentage = 42.97% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dilip Motiram Khamankar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,336 |percentage = 0.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,142 |percentage = 0.90% |change={{decrease}}0.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rahulroy Ashok Mule |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,095 |percentage = 0.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 26,885 |percentage = 11.35% |change= {{decrease}}5.59 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,38,994 |percentage = 71.20% |change= {{increase}}3.67 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,36,852}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,35,669|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.65 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}1.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,14,714 |percentage = 55.51% |change={{increase}}1.81 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sanjay Bhaskarrao Garud |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 79,700 |percentage = 38.57% |change={{increase}}3.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhimrao Namdeo Chavan |party=Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 6,471 |percentage = 3.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vijay Jagan Tanvar |party=Rashtriya Jankranti Party |votes = 2,118 |percentage = 1.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 2,105 |percentage = 1.02% |change={{increase}}0.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Vijayanand Arun Kulkarni |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,439 |percentage = 0.70% |change={{decrease}}0.47 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,014 |percentage = 16.94% |change= {{decrease}}1.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 2,08,888 |percentage = 67.61% |change= {{decrease}}2.36 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 2,06,660}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 3,08,952|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.99 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}1.81 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2014===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 1,03,498 |percentage = 53.69% |change={{increase}}3.52 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Digambar Keshav Patil|party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 67,730 |percentage = 35.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Subhash Dagadu Tanwar |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 14,232 |percentage = 7.38% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Vispute Jyotsna Sunil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 2,691 |percentage = 1.40% |change={{decrease}}44.54 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rajput Vilas Dhansing |party=Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 2,241 |percentage = 1.16% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes = 1,796 |percentage = 0.93% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 35,768 |percentage = 18.56% |change= {{increase}}14.32 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,94,738 |percentage = 69.96% |change= {{decrease}}2.33 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,92,752}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,78,356|ref = |change= {{increase}}12.27 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.52 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2009===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 89,040 |percentage = 50.17% |change={{increase}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sanjay Bhaskarrao Garud|party=Indian National Congress |votes = 81,523 |percentage = 45.94% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Vilas Dhansing Rajput|party=Independent politician |votes = 3,412 |percentage = 1.92% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narendrakumar Maganrao Khairnar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 2,132 |percentage = 1.20% |change={{decrease}}0.05 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sunil Fakira Nikam |party=Prabuddha Republican Party |votes = 1,357 |percentage = 0.76% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,517 |percentage = 4.24% |change= {{decrease}}15.97 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,77,517 |percentage = 71.60% |change= {{decrease}}1.09 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,77,464}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,47,939|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 71,813 |percentage = 49.50% |change={{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sanjay Bhaskarrao Garud|party=Independent politician |votes = 42,500 |percentage = 29.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Subhash Champalal Bohra alish Raju Bohra |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 24,189 |percentage = 16.67% |change={{decrease}}17.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Sahebrao Dashrath Rathod|party=Independent politician |votes = 3,080 |percentage = 2.12% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Shantaram Laxman Survade |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,812 |percentage = 1.25% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 29,313 |percentage = 20.20% |change= {{increase}}7.73 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,45,081 |percentage = 72.67% |change= {{increase}}0.82 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,45,081}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,99,652|ref = |change= {{increase}}19.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.38 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 56,416 |percentage = 47.12% |change={{decrease}}5.16 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ishwarlal Jain|Ishwarlal Shankarlal Jain]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 41,479 |percentage = 34.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr. Suresh Mansaram Patil|party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,375 |percentage = 17.85% |change={{decrease}}17.97 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,937 |percentage = 12.48% |change= {{decrease}}3.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,25,564 |percentage = 75.34% |change= {{decrease}}2.47 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,19,735}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,66,655|ref = |change= {{increase}}1.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}5.16 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Girish Mahajan|Girish Dattatraya Mahajan]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 63,661 |percentage = 52.27% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ishwarlal Jain|Ishwarlal Shankarlal Jain]] |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 43,624 |percentage = 35.82% |change={{increase}}1.61 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Dr.Manohar Gajmal Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,298 |percentage = 5.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pandurang Eknath (P. E. Tatya) |party=Janata Dal |votes = 1,874 |percentage = 1.54% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Janardhan Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,173 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malutai Muralidhar Chaudhari |party=Independent politician |votes = 896 |percentage = 0.74% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 20,037 |percentage = 16.45% |change= {{increase}}12.57 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,24,782 |percentage = 76.15% |change= {{increase}}11.58 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,21,782}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,63,866|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.54 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}18.07 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate= Dattatray Ughadu Mahajan|party=Indian National Congress |votes = 31,531 |percentage = 34.21% |change={{decrease}}14.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Pralhadrao Eknathrao Patil|party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 27,956 |percentage = 30.33% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manohar Gajamal Patil |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 26,219 |percentage = 28.44% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Babusing Dagadusing Rathod |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,032 |percentage = 5.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,575 |percentage = 3.88% |change= {{decrease}}18.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 94,072 |percentage = 64.03% |change= {{increase}}11.08 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 92,175}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,46,910|ref = |change= {{increase}}23.22 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}14.43 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Babusing Dagadusing Rathod |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 29,964 |percentage = 48.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Sonaji Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 16,165 |percentage = 26.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Suresh Mansaram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 8,089 |percentage = 13.13% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Tayade Namdeo Sampat |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,619 |percentage = 5.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Koli Hiraman Natthu |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,353 |percentage = 2.20% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chavan Morsing Sakaru |party=Independent politician |votes = 685 |percentage = 1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Abdul Said A. Rajjak |party=Independent politician |votes = 683 |percentage = 1.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 13,799 |percentage = 22.40% |change= {{increase}}16.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 63,150 |percentage = 52.97% |change= {{decrease}}7.04 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 61,601}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,19,226|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.10 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (U) |swing= {{increase}}0.66 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Ishwarlal Jain|Ishwarlal Shankarlal Jain]] |party=Indian National Congress (U) |votes = 31,068 |percentage = 47.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Rathod Babusing Dagadusing |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 27,206 |percentage = 42.02% |change={{increase}}25.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Garud Gajananrao Raghunathrao |party=Independent politician |votes = 6,469 |percentage = 9.99% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,862 |percentage = 5.97% |change= {{increase}}2.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,494 |percentage = 60.29% |change= {{decrease}}5.46 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,743}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,10,289|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.33 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (U) |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{increase}}23.11 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate= Gajananrao Raghunathrao Garud|party=Independent politician |votes = 15,955 |percentage = 24.88% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Narayan Sonaji Patil|party=Indian National Congress |votes = 13,536 |percentage = 21.10% |change={{decrease}}27.58 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Laxman Maharu Naik |party=Independent politician |votes = 11,702 |percentage = 18.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate= Babusingh Dagadusing Rathod|party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 10,914 |percentage = 17.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Laxman Tukaram |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,456 |percentage = 5.39% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Choudhari Prabhakar Dhanaji |party=Independent politician |votes = 3,021 |percentage = 4.71% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Patil Narayan Kisan |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,282 |percentage = 3.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,419 |percentage = 3.77% |change= {{increase}}1.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 66,200 |percentage = 66.22% |change= {{increase}}7.42 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 64,139}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 99,965|ref = |change= {{increase}}10.51 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Independent politician |swing= {{decrease}}26.44 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1972 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519183024/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MT_72.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Narayan Kisan Patil |party=Independent politician |votes = 26,340 |percentage = 51.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kak Tarali K. Tafazulali |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,990 |percentage = 48.68% |change={{increase}}6.14 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 1,350 |percentage = 2.63% |change= {{decrease}}8.10 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,589 |percentage = 59.24% |change= {{decrease}}0.41 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 51,330}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 90,457|ref = |change= {{increase}}8.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Independent politician |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}8.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1967 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926233227/https://www.eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201967.pdf|archive-date=26 September 2018|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abaji Nana Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 20,302 |percentage = 42.54% |change={{decrease}}29.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=G. R. Garud |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 15,184 |percentage = 31.82% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahadeo Ramchandra Lale |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 9,603 |percentage = 20.12% |change={{increase}}15.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=S. H. Rathod |party=Sanghata Socialist Party |votes = 2,631 |percentage = 5.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,118 |percentage = 10.73% |change= {{decrease}}40.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 53,065 |percentage = 63.56% |change= {{increase}}5.51 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,720}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 83,487|ref = |change= {{increase}}11.33 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}29.77 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly Election 1962===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1962 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1962 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117085627/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Maharastra_1962.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Abaji Nana Patil |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 28,009 |percentage = 72.32% |change={{increase}}29.21 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mahadeo Ramchandra Lale |party=Independent politician |votes = 8,165 |percentage = 21.08% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gulabsing Ramchandra Rajput |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes = 1,660 |percentage = 4.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shenfadu Dagadu Nikam |party=Independent politician |votes = 897 |percentage = 2.32% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 19,844 |percentage = 51.24% |change= {{increase}}37.44 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 41,946 |percentage = 55.93% |change= {{decrease}}3.95 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 38,731}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 74,992|ref = |change= {{increase}}25.45 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Praja Socialist Party |swing= {{increase}}15.42 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1957===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1957 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Jamner<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1957 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114093455/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Bombay_1957.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Garud Gajananrao Raghunathrao |party=Praja Socialist Party |votes = 18,908 |percentage = 56.90% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sane Nilkanth Ganesh |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 14,324 |percentage = 43.10% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 4,584 |percentage = 13.79% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 33,232 |percentage = 55.59% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 33,232}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 59,778|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Praja Socialist Party |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Jamner]]
* [[Jamner Municipal Council]]
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Jalgaon district topics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.81|75.78|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Jalgaon district]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1962]]
[[Category:1962 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Dhibu Ninan Thomas

2026-04-17T12:06:37Z

Ledx:

{{short description|Indian film music composer}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Dhibu Ninan Thomas
| image = Dhibu Ninan Thomas.jpg
| caption = Dhibu Ninan Thomas at SIIMA Awards 2025
| instrument = Piano, Vocals, Percussions
| genre = Film Score, Film Music
| occupation = {{Unbulleted list|[[Music director|Film Music Composer]]|Singer|Arranger|Instrumentalist}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| birth_name = Dhibu Ninan Thomas
| alias =
| label = {{Unbulleted list|[[Think Music India]]|[[Sony Music India]]}}
}}

'''Dhibu Ninan Thomas''' is an Indian [[music composer]] who predominantly works in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] and [[Malayalam cinema]].

==Early life==
Thomas was born in a [[Malayalis|Malayali]] family from Kottayam, Kerala. He did his bachelor of engineering in electronics from JJ Engineering College in Trichy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhibu-ninan-thomas-maragadha-naanayam/article19124938.ece|title=Dhibu's desi flavour|first=Kv|last=Vasudevan|date=22 June 2017|accessdate=31 March 2019|website=The Hindu|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025207/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/dhibu-ninan-thomas-maragadha-naanayam/article19124938.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

Thomas was a music enthusiast from childhood. He was actively involved in music and participated in opportunities for it.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/sep/03/its-distasteful-to-drown-out-lyrics-with-music-dhibu-ninan-thomas-1866633.html|title=It's distasteful to drown out lyrics with music: Dhibu Ninan Thomas|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=31 March 2019|archive-date=2 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502120012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2018/sep/03/its-distasteful-to-drown-out-lyrics-with-music-dhibu-ninan-thomas-1866633.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Actor [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and actor-director [[Arunraja Kamaraj]] were his college mates.

==Career==
Thomas made his music director debut in 2017 with ''[[Maragadha Naanayam]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/sivakarthikeyan-launches-maragadha-naanayam-audio-imagegallery-kollywood-rdqlMtffghjci.html |title=Sivakarthikeyan launches Maragatha Naanayam audio |work=Sify |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403020454/http://www.sify.com/movies/sivakarthikeyan-launches-maragadha-naanayam-audio-imagegallery-kollywood-rdqlMtffghjci.html |archive-date=3 April 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sivakarthikeyan-gets-nostalgic-at-maragadha-naanayam-audio-launch/story-PAMz1TdkSjUSzAJeduxyeK.html|title=Sivakarthikeyan gets nostalgic at Maragadha Naanayam audio launch|date=16 March 2017|website=Hindustantimes.com/|accessdate=31 March 2019|archive-date=31 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331142716/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sivakarthikeyan-gets-nostalgic-at-maragadha-naanayam-audio-launch/story-PAMz1TdkSjUSzAJeduxyeK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He then composed music for the 2018 film ''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://silverscreen.in/features/interviews/my-score-is-not-influenced-by-the-protagonists-gender-dhibu-ninan-thomas-on-composing-for-kanaa/|title='My Score Is Not Influenced by the Protagonist's Gender': Dhibu Ninan Thomas On Composing For 'Kanaa'|last1=Manikandan|first1=Rajeshwari|date=12 September 2018|website=Silverscreen.in|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230101839/https://silverscreen.in/features/interviews/my-score-is-not-influenced-by-the-protagonists-gender-dhibu-ninan-thomas-on-composing-for-kanaa/|url-status=dead}}</ref> which was produced by [[Sivakarthikeyan]] and directed by [[Arunraja Kamaraj]] in their maiden films as producer and director, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-kanaa-trailer-out-aishwarya-rajesh-looks-promising-sports-film-92179 |title=Watch: Kanaa trailer out, Aishwarya Rajesh looks promising in this sports film|work=News Minute |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154221/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-kanaa-trailer-out-aishwarya-rajesh-looks-promising-sports-film-92179 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivakarthikeyan-croons-number-daughter-aaradhana-kanaa-87050 |title=Sivakarthikeyan croons number with daughter Aaradhya for Kanaa |work=News Minute |access-date=18 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331154156/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sivakarthikeyan-croons-number-daughter-aaradhana-kanaa-87050 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Following ''Kanaa'', he composed the music for its Telugu remake, ''[[Kousalya Krishnamurthy]]'' (2019).

== Discography ==
===As a composer===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Language
! Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-

| rowspan="2" | 2017
|''[[Maragadha Naanayam]]'' || Tamil|| ''Marakathamani'' (Telugu)||
|-
| ''[[Zacharia Pothen Jeevichirippundu]]'' ||Malayalam ||||
|-

| 2018
|''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]'' || Tamil||||
|-

|2019
| ''[[Kousalya Krishnamurthy]]''|| Telugu||Telugu remake of ''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]''||
|-

|2021
|''[[Bachelor (2021 film)|Bachelor]]''|| rowspan="5"|Tamil ||composed only one song "Adiye"||
|-

| rowspan="3" | 2022
|''[[Kombu Vatcha Singamda]]''
|||
|-
|''[[Nenjuku Needhi]]''
|Tamil remake of ''[[Article 15 (film)|Article 15]]''||
|-
|''[[Nadhi]]''
|||
|-
| 2023
|''[[Chithha]]''
|Composed "Kangal Edho", "Theera Swasame" and "Show me the way"||
|-
|2024
| ''[[Ajayante Randam Moshanam]]''
|Malayalam
| ||
|-
| 2025
|''[[Diesel (2025 film)|Diesel]]''
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
| ||
|-
| 2026
|''[[Mr. X (2026 film)|Mr. X]]''
|
|
|-
| Upcoming
|''Irandu Vaanam''
|
|
|-
|}

===As singer===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! width=150 scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Co singer(s)
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Music Director/Composer
|-

|2018
|"Savaal"
|[[Rabbit Mac]], [[Arunraja Kamaraj]]
|[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]
| Dhibu Ninan Thomas
|-
|2024
|"Kooriruttilu Kaalkulambadi"
|Charu Hariharan
|[[Ajayante Randam Moshanam]]
| Dhibu Ninan Thomas
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|6802055}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thomas, Dhibu Ninan}}
[[Category:Tamil musicians]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Madurai]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Achint Thakkar

2026-04-16T22:06:04Z

Ledx: put up

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Achint Thakkar
| image = Achint Thakkar.jpg
| caption = Thakkar performing at a music festival in 2016
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|2|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = Mumbai, India<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Manali |date=2016-01-21 |title=Achint Thakkar is the one to watch at Nariyal Paani festival |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/achint-thakkar-is-the-one-to-watch-at-nariyal-paani-festival/story-yMUx5A2gMeUlgbe5TzdmBO.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628144621/https://www.hindustantimes.com/art-and-culture/achint-thakkar-is-the-one-to-watch-at-nariyal-paani-festival/story-yMUx5A2gMeUlgbe5TzdmBO.html |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date=2025-04-12 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en-us |url-status=live }}</ref>
| origin = India
| genre =
| occupation = Composer
| years_active = 2015–present
| website = {{URL|https://www.achintthakkar.com/}}
}}
'''Achint Thakkar''' is an Indian composer from [[Mumbai]]. Achint composed music for the show ''[[Scam 1992 – The Harshad Mehta Story]]'' (2020).<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Mankatalia |first=Dhriti |date=2022-11-10 |title=Music composer Achint Thakkar: There's nothing like making music to your own narrative |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/music-composer-achint-thakkar-theres-nothing-like-making-music-to-your-own-narrative/article66112851.ece |access-date=2024-10-22 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> For his work in the 2024 films ''[[Jigra]]'' and ''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]'', he received the [[Filmfare R. D. Burman Award]].<ref name="Filmfare"/>

== Career ==
Achint released his debut album, titled ''Shalimar'', in 2015.<ref name=":5" /> In 2018, he released ''Achint & The Khan Brothers'', an album featuring Rajasthani folk singers The Khan Brothers. This album consists of arrangements fusing electronic tempos and folk singing.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Devarsi |date=2024-04-07 |title=‘Scam 1992' and 'Khalasi' composer Achint knows 'the importance of keeping it minimal' |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1066336/scam-1992-and-khalasi-composer-achint-knows-the-importance-of-keeping-it-minimal |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref>

Achint collaborated with [[Hansal Mehta]] and Jai Mehta to score ''[[Scam 1992: The Harshad Mehta Story]]''. The album's soundtrack was released on [[SonyLIV|Sony Liv]] in 2020.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-10 |title='Had to Match Harshad Mehta's Personality': Meet the Musician Behind Scam 1992's 'Unskippable' Intro |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/had-to-match-harshad-mehtas-personality-scam-1992-musician-who-came-up-with-unskippable-intro-3060548.html |access-date=2024-10-22 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref> His next scoring project was ''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys]]'', directed by Abhay Pannu and produced by [[Siddharth Roy Kapur]] with Monisha Advani, and Madhu Bhojwani under the banners Roy Kapur Films and Emmay Entertainment, respectively.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Arman |date=2022-02-07 |title=A Nuclear Physicist Reviews 'Rocket Boys', a Show About India's Nuclear Physicists |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/a-nuclear-physicist-reviews-rocket-boys-a-show-about-indias-nuclear-physicists/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Achint Thakkar: I want to have fun making music. The impact it makes is secondary |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-achint-thakkar-i-want-to-have-fun-making-music-the-impact-it-makes-is-secondary/c753171432727 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>

In 2021, Achint worked with director [[Vasan Bala]] for the first time to score ''[[Monica, O My Darling]]'', a [[Netflix original]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-11-07 |title=Achint Thakkar: The music is influenced by Pancham da's work |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/achint-thakkar-the-music-is-influenced-by-pancham-das-work-23254180 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Mid-day |language=en}}</ref>

Achint also composed and produced "Khalasi", a song for the first season of ''Coke Studio Bharat''. The lyrics for this song were written by Saumya Joshi, and it was sung by [[Aditya Gadhvi]] and Achint. This song became viral and was praised by the Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]. "Khalasi" won a bronze at the 71st Cannes Lions Festival of Creativity for diversity and inclusion in the music category.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-19 |title=Khalasi wins the Cannes Lions Bronze |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/khalasi-wins-cannes-lions-bronze-9402748/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

Achint, working with Nirmit Shah, composed and produced "Rangaara", which celebrates the spirit of Gujarat. [[Aditya Gadhvi]] and [[Falguni Pathak]] collaborated to provide vocals, with lyrics written by Saumya Joshi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-07-09 |title=Falguni Pathak teams up with Achint Thakkar, Aditya Gadhvi for new venture |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/music/falguni-pathak-teams-up-with-achint-kaur-aditya-gadhvi-for-new-venture/articleshow/111523042.cms |access-date=2024-10-30 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

Achint and Vasan collaborated again on his latest theatrical release, ''[[Jigra]]''. The lyrics for the soundtrack were written by [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]. "Tenu Sang Rakhna", a track from the film, was sung by [[Arijit Singh]] and Anumita Nadesan.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-03 |title=Jigra song Tenu Sang Rakhna: Arijit Singh, Anumita Nadesan and Achint Thakkar deliver a soulful track |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/jigra-song-tenu-sang-rakhna-arijit-singh-anumita-nadesan-and-achint-thakkar-deliver-a-soulful-track-9602133/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Works ==

=== TV series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Note
!{{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
|2020
|''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992 – The Harshad Mehta Story]]''
|Original Soundtrack
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2022
|''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys]]''
|Original Soundtrack
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|2023
|''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys]]'' (season 2)
|Original Soundtrack
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive! Achint Thakkar: I want to have fun making music. The impact it makes is secondary |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/exclusive-achint-thakkar-i-want-to-have-fun-making-music-the-impact-it-makes-is-secondary/c753171432727 |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Scoop (Indian TV series)|Scoop]]''
|Original Soundtrack
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achint Thakkar talks about Monica, O My Darling and the Scam 1992 track that became a milestone in his career - Cosmopolitan India |url=https://www.cosmopolitan.in/life/features/story/achint-thakkar-talks-about-monica-o-my-darling-and-scam-1992-track-became-667701-2022-11-18 |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=www.cosmopolitan.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|''[[Lootere (TV series)|Lootere]]''
|Original Soundtrack
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2026
|''Matka King''
| Music supervisor
|{{cn|date=April 2026}}
|-
|}

=== Film ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Note
!{{abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
|2022
|''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
|All songs
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
|2023
|''[[Kho Gaye Hum Kahan]]''
|One song: "Title track"
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Soji |first=Alwin Benjamin |date=2024-09-15 |title=Composer and producer Achint Thakkar releases his latest solo, 'Anjaane' |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/culture/music/2024/Sep/15/composer-and-producer-achint-thakkar-releases-his-latest-solo-anjaane |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Indulgexpress |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2024
|''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]''
|One song: "Junoon Hai"
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=2024-05-24 |title=Mr & Mrs Mahi director Saran Sharma calls the album of Janhvi Kapoor-Rajkummar Rao starrer “quintessential Bollywood”: “There's a song for every emotion” : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/mr-mrs-mahi-director-saran-sharma-calls-album-janhvi-kapoor-rajkummar-rao-starrer-quintessential-bollywood-theres-song-every-emotion/ |access-date=2025-03-01 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Jigra]]''
|All songs except for "Chal Kudiye"
|<ref name=":4" />
|}

=== Other ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Note
!{{Abbr|Refs.|References}}
|-
|2015
|''Shalimar''
|Album
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
|2015
|"Piya Basanti (Redux)"
|Single
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyJTW3OzNfQ&feature=youtu.be |title=Piya Basanti Redux - Lyric Video {{!}} Achint Thakkar{{!}} Hriday Gattani {{!}}Sanah Moidutty |date=2015-10-15 |last=SonyMusicIndiaVEVO |access-date=2025-03-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2018
|''Achint & The Khan Brothers''
|Album
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|2021
|"Gaye Vo Kahan?"
|Single for stand-up comedy special ''Team Animals'' by Abhishek Upmanyu
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WScElAxOfig&feature=youtu.be |title=Gaye Vo Kahan? (Full Song from Team Animals) - Achint & Abhishek Upmanyu |date=2021-04-09 |last=Achint |access-date=2025-03-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2023
|"Khalasi"
|Single
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
|2023
|"Papa Gaye"
|Single for stand-up comedy special ''Jealous of Sabziwala'' by Abhishek Upmanyu
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='Here From The Aakash Mehta Video': 10 Indie Musicians We Discovered Through Standup Comedy - DeadAnt |url=https://deadant.co/here-from-the-aakash-mehta-video-10-indie-musicians-we-discovered-through-standup-comedy/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241114135511/https://deadant.co/here-from-the-aakash-mehta-video-10-indie-musicians-we-discovered-through-standup-comedy/ |archive-date=14 November 2024 |access-date=2025-03-01 |work=DeadAnt |language=en-US |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2024
|"Anjaane"
|Single
|<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zJS90S_t2o&feature=youtu.be |title=Achint - Anjaane [Official Video] |date=2024-07-19 |last=Achint |access-date=2025-03-01 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|-
|2024
|"Jugni" (Maati S1)
|Single performed with [[Vishal Dadlani]] & [[Varun Grover (writer)|Varun Grover]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Today |first=Telangana |date=2024-11-07 |title=Vishal Dadlani shares his new track 'Jugni' is about living life to the fullest |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vishal-dadlani-shares-his-new-track-jugni-is-about-living-life-to-the-fullest |access-date=2025-03-01 |website=Telangana Today |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Nominated work
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2021 Filmfare OTT Awards|2021]]
| rowspan="7" |[[Filmfare OTT Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Scam 1992|Scam 1992 – The Harshad Mehta Story]]''
|Best Original Soundtrack (Series)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/winners#66 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Background Music (Series)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of Filmfare OTT Awards 2021 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2021/winners#65 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[2022 Filmfare OTT Awards|2022]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys]]''
|Best Original Soundtrack (Series)
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-danube-properties-filmfare-ott-awards-2022_-56102.html |title=Nominations announced for Danube Properties Filmfare OTT Awards 2022 |date=21 December 2022|access-date=21 December 2022|website=FILMFARE|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Background Music (Series)
|{{nom}}
|-
|rowspan="3" |[[2023 Filmfare OTT Awards|2023]]
| rowspan="2" |''[[Rocket Boys (web series)|Rocket Boys (Season 2)]]''
|Best Original Soundtrack (Series)
|{{nom}}
|rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare OTT Awards 2023 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/nominations#134 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Best Background Music (Series)
|{{nom}}
|-
|''[[Monica, O My Darling]]''
|Best Background Music (Web Original Film)
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of Filmfare OTT Awards 2023 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-ott-awards-2023/winners |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[25th IIFA Awards|2025]]
|[[IIFA Awards]]
| ''[[Jigra]]''
|[[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA 2025 Jaipur |url=https://www.iifa.com/iifa-2025 |access-date=2025-03-28 |website=IIFA |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[70th Filmfare Awards|2025]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare Awards]]
| ''[[Jigra]]''
| rowspan="2" |[[Filmfare R. D. Burman Award|R. D. Burman Award]]
| rowspan="2" {{won}}
| rowspan="2" |<ref name="Filmfare">{{Cite web |title=70th Filmfare Awards 2025 Winners - Complete List Out! |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2025/winners |access-date=2025-10-13 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Mr. & Mrs. Mahi]]''
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thakkar, Achint}}
[[Category:Indian composers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Male television composers]]
[[Category:Indian male film score composers]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

Uttar Pradesh Tourism

2026-04-16T04:28:27Z

Ledx: Creating data...

{{Short description|Indian state tourism agency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Uttar Pradesh Tourism
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt = 
| caption = [[UP nahi dekha, toh India nahi dekha]] developed by Tourism department to promote tourism in the state.
| map = Uttar Pradesh locator map.svg
| map_size = 
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Map of [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| map2 = 
| map2_size =
| map2_alt =
| map2_caption =
| abbreviation =
| predecessor =
| merged_into = 
| successor =
| formation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1974}}
| founder = [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Ministry of Tourism]]
| founding_location = [[Lucknow]]
| extinction =  
| merger = 
| type = [[Governmental organization]]
| status = 
| purpose = [[Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]
| professional_title = 
| headquarters = [[Lucknow]]
| location = [[Gomti Nagar]], Lucknow
| coordinates = 
| region_served = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| services =
| membership = 
| num_members_year = 
| language =  
| leader_title = Tourism Minister (Independent Charge)
| leader_name = [[Jaiveer Singh]]
| leader_title2 = Principal Secretary
| leader_name2 = Mukesh Kumar Meshram, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
| leader_title3 = Director
| leader_name3 = [[Prakhar Misra]], [[Indian Forest Service|IFS]]
| main_organ =  
| parent_organization = 
| subsidiaries =
| secessions =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| budget_year =
| num_staff = 
| num_staff_year = 
| num_volunteers = 
| num_volunteers_year = 
| slogan = 
| website = {{URL|uptourism.gov.in/}}
| remarks =
| former_name = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Uttar Pradesh Tourism''' (commonly referred to as '''Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department''' or '''UP Tourism Department''') is a [[Uttar Pradesh Government|state government]] agency which is responsible for promotion of tourism in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The department is also responsible for drafting and implementation of the tourism policy, including heritage, air service, and eco-tourism policies for Uttar Pradesh.<ref name="Draft Tourism Policy 2015">{{cite news|title=Draft Tourism Policy 2015|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Tourism website|access-date=November 21, 2015|url=http://uptourism.gov.in/pdf/draft-tourism-policy-2015.pdf}}</ref>

== History ==
To promote tourism, the [[Ministry of Tourism (India)|Directorate of Tourism]] was established in the 1972 with a Director/Director General who is an [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]] officer. In 1974 the Uttar Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation was established to look after the commercial tourist activities. The organisation is now simply known as "Uttar Pradesh Tourism".<ref name="About">{{cite news|title=About|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Tourism website|access-date=November 21, 2015|url=http://uptourism.gov.in/|archive-date=2 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202090207/http://uptourism.gov.in/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

To boost the tourism in the state from within the country and other parts of the world, the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]] established an ''[[Uttar Pradesh Heritage Arc]]'' covering the cities of [[Ayodhya]], [[Mathura]], [[Vrindavan]], [[Agra]], [[Mirzapur]], [[Lucknow]] and [[Varanasi]] and organised "Uttar Pradesh Travel Mart" in 2015 in Lucknow. The event was attended by 80 delegates from 27 countries.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Travel Mart">{{cite news|title=Uttar Pradesh Travel Mart|publisher=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=November 21, 2015|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/up-s-tourism-bid-uttar-pradesh-travel-mart-from-feb-22-24-115021900747_1.html}}</ref>

== Organisation ==
Uttar Pradesh Tourism is headed by [[Director-general#India|Director-general]] or [[Director (business)|Director]] and is under the [[purview]] of the Department of Tourism, Uttar Pradesh. Reporting to the DG or Director, are the Regional Offices which is represented by the Regional Tourist Officers (R.T.O).<ref name="Organizational structure">{{cite news|title=Organizational structure|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Tourism website|access-date=November 21, 2015|url=http://uptourism.gov.in/pages/top/department/top-tourism-department-organisational-structure}}</ref> Uttar Pradesh Tourism has offices all over India and has overseas representation in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Singapore, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and in the United States.<ref name="Overseas offices">{{cite news|title=Overseas offices|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Tourism website|access-date=November 21, 2015|url=http://uptourism.gov.in/post/overseas}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Senior officials at Secretariat
!Name
!Designation
|-
|Mukesh Kumar Meshram, IAS
|[[Principal Secretary (India)|Principal Secretary]]
|-
|Ravi Ranjan, [[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]]
|Special Secretary
|-
|Isha Priya, [[Indian Forest Service|IAS]]
|Special Secretary
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+Senior officials at Directorate
!Name
!Designation
|-
|Mukesh Kumar Meshram
|[[Director General]]
|-
|Prakhar Mishra
|Director
|-
|
|Joint Director
|-
|
|Deputy Director
|-
|
|Senior Research Officer
|}

== 2015 Tourism policy ==
The Uttar Pradesh Government has drafted a new tourism policy in 2015 with following key objectives.<ref name="Draft Tourism Policy 2015"/>
# To identify and develop new tourism products.
# Development of new tourism circuits and development of old circuits.
# Expansion and improvement of existing tourism infrastructure.
# Creation of infrastructure on tourist places.
# Development of alternative tourism.
# Improvement of quality of tourism products in the state.
# To improve and preserve the art and culture of the state.
# To create awareness and sensitivity about tourism in general public.
# [[Public–private partnership]] in the field of tourism.
# To make UP tourism a memorable experience for the tourists.
# To make inter-state travel easier by modernising transportation.

== See also ==
* [[Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]
* [[Ministry of Tourism (India)]]

{{Portal bar|India}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

{{Tourism in India}}

[[Category:1974 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1974]]
[[Category:Tourism in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:State agencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:State tourism development corporations of India]]

Sujata Chaudhuri

2026-04-06T22:22:38Z

Ledx:

{{Infobox person
| name = Sujata Chaudhuri
| birth_date = 23 March 1901
| birth_place = [[Sylhet]]
| death_date = unknown
| alma_mater = [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]]
| occupation = Medical doctor, professor of medicine
}}

'''Sujata Chaudhuri''' (born 23 March 1901 - ?) was an Indian professor of medicine and first physician at [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]], [[New Delhi]], India. On 1 December 1966, she was appointed emeritus scientist.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Sujata Chaudhuri {{!}} RCP Museum |url=https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/sujata-chaudhuri |access-date=24 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324094330/https://history.rcplondon.ac.uk/inspiring-physicians/sujata-chaudhuri|archive-date=24 March 2023}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=The Lancet |year=1946 |publisher=J. Onwhyn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xCVPN1qLzQAC&pg=PA701|language=en|page=701}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite journal |title=Old or new, India still fascinates |journal=The Lamp of Delta Zeta |date=May 1954 |volume=43 |issue=4 |url=https://www.deltazetaarchive.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/May_1954.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B67WAAAAIAAJ |title=Annual Report of the Director-general |publisher=Indian Council of Medical Research |year=1964 |page=26 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Sujata Chaudhuri was born on 23 March 1901 in [[Sylhet]] in 1901 to Hamanta Kumari Chaudhuri (née Roy) and Raj Chandra Chaudhuri. Her father was a magistrate. She studied at a convent school in Lahore and then undertook her medical studies at [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]] in New Delhi.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
After qualification, Chaudhuri worked as a house physician at the [[Lady Dufferin Hospital]] in [[Karachi]], [[Sindh]]. She then moved to work as assistant to the professor of medicine and as a clinical assistant at the [[Lady Hardinge Medical College]] Hospital between 1929 and 1936. From 1936 to 1950 she worked for the Women’s Medical Service of India, whilst also working as a lecturer in medicine and pharmacology at the Women’s Medical School in [[Agra]] in 1936 and 1937. Chaudhuri became a professor of pharmacology and second physician at the Lady Hardinge Medical College in 1938 and in 1940 she was promoted to professor of medicine and first physician there. She worked in this role until 1951.<ref name=":0" />

In 1946 Chaudhuri was elected to membership of the [[Royal College of Physicians]] in London.<ref name=":1" />

During the Second World War and the [[Bengal famine of 1943|Bengal famine]], Chaudhuri organised medical welfare projects. In 1947, following the [[Partition of India]], she played a role in supporting the rehabilitation of refugees in [[West Punjab]] in the newly formed [[Dominion of Pakistan]].<ref name=":0" />

Between 1951 and 1960, Chaudhuri was responsible for organising rural medical services and family centres in the slums of Delhi and the surrounding villages. She also served as the President of the All India Women’s Reserve Medical Unit.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

In 1963, Chaudhuri was elected a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians]] in London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Searching for the female firsts of the RCP {{!}} RCP Museum |url=https://history.rcp.ac.uk/blog/searching-female-firsts-rcp |access-date=2025-03-24 |website=history.rcp.ac.uk |archive-date=2024-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102141404/https://history.rcp.ac.uk/blog/searching-female-firsts-rcp |url-status=live }}</ref> She was also a Fellow of the [[Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|Royal College of Physicians Edinburgh]].<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
Outside medicine, she enjoyed golf, photography and music, in particular the violin. She was unmarried.

==Selected publications==
*{{cite journal |last1=Chaudhuri |first1=Sujata |title=Anaemia in infants and children |journal=The Indian Journal of Pediatrics |date=1 July 1951 |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=99–105 |doi=10.1007/BF02749200 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02749200 |language=en |issn=0973-7693|url-access=subscription }}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}
[[Category:1901 births]]
[[Category:Date of death unknown]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal College of Physicians]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from British India]]
[[Category:Year of death missing]]
[[Category:People from Sylhet]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Odisha Right to Public Services Act, 2012

2026-03-25T18:23:43Z

Ledx: added details

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox legislation
| short_title = Odisha Right to Public Services Act, 2012
| image =
| imagesize = 100
| imagelink =
| imagealt =
| caption =
| long_title = An Act to Provide for the Delivery of Public Services to the Citizens Within the Given Time Limit and for Matters Connected Therewith and Incidental Thereto.
| citation = Act No. 8 of 2012
| enacted_by = [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| date_enacted =
| date_assented =
| date_signed =
| date_commenced =
| bill =
| bill_citation = [http://ortpsa.in/Act.pdf]
| bill_date =
| introduced_by =
| 1st_reading =
| 2nd_reading =
| 3rd_reading =
| white_paper =
| committee_report =
| amendments =
| repeals =
| related =
| summary =
| keywords =
}}

The '''Odisha Right to Public Services Act, 2012''' (Act No. 8 of 2012) is an Act of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]] to cover various [[guarantee]]s under a single umbrella at the [[States_and_union_territories_of_India|state]] level. The idea is to generate a demand for services, and to provide [[Citizenship|citizens]] with a platform for getting their [[Grievance|grievances]] redressed in a time bound manner.

== History ==
Odisha Right to Public Services Act, 2012 in [[Odisha]] is an initiative by the [[Government of Odisha|State Government]] to check [[corruption]] in [[public service]] delivery. The law enables the citizens to demand [[Public service|public services]] as a right and also includes a provision for penal action against officials failing to provide the services within the stipulated time. It looks towards addressing the growing demand of citizens for improved public services, reducing [[corruption]] through imposing penalties on Public Authorities for default in delivery of services and aims at [[universalization]] of public services. In addition, what was under the [[Citizen's Charter|Citizens’ Charters]], an [[Public administration|administrative]] guarantee has been translated into a legal right, justiciable under the provisions of ORTPS Act.<ref name=ortpsa>{{cite web|title=About the Act|url=http://ortpsa.in/about_act.php|website=ortpsa.in|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>

== Salient features ==
* Different services which a citizen can obtain from different Departments will be notified, along with time limit for delivery of such services.
* For delivery of each service notified, there shall be a [[Glossary of patent law terms|Designated Officer]] to whom the citizen can make an application. The Designated Officer will provide the said service in a time bound manner.
* In case a citizen is unable to get the said services within the prescribed time limit, he/she may file an appeal before an Appellate Authority. The [[Appellate court|Appellate Authority]] will consider the case and pass necessary order.
* Any citizen aggrieved with the order of the Appellate Authority or in case of delay in providing the service within the prescribed time limit, may file a revision petition before the Revisional Authority.
* If the Revisional Authority found that the Designated Officer has failed to provide the service without sufficient and reasonable cause, he may impose a penalty against the Designated [[Officer]] not exceeding Rs.5000/-.
* If the Revisional Authority observed that there is delay in providing the service, beyond the stipulated time, he may also impose a penalty not exceeding Rs.250/- per each day of delay.
* The penalty shall be charged from the Designated Officer, Appellate Authority and the concerned subordinate staff, as the case may be and shall be in the proportion, to be decided by the Revisional Authority.
* However, the Designated Officer, Appellate Authority and subordinate staff, will be given a reasonable opportunity of being heard before any penalty is imposed on him/her.
* Non-compliance of the order of the Revisional Authority shall amount to misconduct and make such Government servant liable for disciplinary action.

=== Important sections ===

==== Section 3(1) ====
3. (1) The [[State_governments_of_India|State Government]] may, by notification, from time to time, declare the services, to which this Act shall apply and specify the time limit within which the services shall be provided.

==== Section 4(1) ====
4. (1) An eligible person shall make an application to the Designated [[Officer]] for obtaining any service under the provisions of this Act.<ref name=serviceonline>{{cite web|title=Odisha Gazette|url=http://serviceonline.gov.in/resources/pdf/Odisha_Act.pdf|website=serviceonline.gov.in|accessdate=31 October 2015}}</ref>

=== Execution ===
In order to implement the provisions of the Act, the [[State governments of India|State Government]] has enacted The Odisha [[Right to Public Services legislation|Right to Public]] Services Rules, 2012. Under the Rules, 34 services has been included in the first phase.<ref name=ortpsa /><ref name=odishapolice>{{cite web|title=Right to Public Services|url=http://odishapolice.gov.in/?q=node/3|website=odishapolice.gov.in|accessdate=1 November 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Odisha}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Odisha Right to Public Services Act, 2012}}
[[Category:Odisha state legislation]]
[[Category:2012 in law]]

Jio-bp

2026-03-19T12:22:52Z

Ledx: created new details

{{Short description|Indian petroleum company}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Jio-bp Ltd
| logo = File:Jio-bp_logo.svg
| logo_size =
| type = [[Public company|Subsidiary]]
| foundation = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Start date and age|2008||}}|Merged with [[BP]] in {{Start date and age|2020||}}}}
| location = [[Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra]], [[India]]
| key_people = [[Mukesh Ambani]]
| industry = [[Oil and Gas]]
| products = {{hlist|[[Petroleum]]|[[Oil]]|[[Natural Gas]]}}
| revenue = {{up}}{{INRConvert|50022|c}} (2025) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ril.com/reports/RIL-Integrated-Annual-Report-2024-25.pdf|title=Reliance AR 2024-25|access-date=19 March 2026|archive-date=8 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808203434/https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/d473280d-1c2b-4037-8ff9-dfbb82aa2c7e.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| net_income = {{up}}
{{INRConvert|1713|c}} (2025)
| assets = {{up}}
{{INRConvert|8153|c}} (2025)
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Reliance Industries]] (51%) [[BP]] (49%)
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|jiobp.com}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Reliance BP Mobility Limited''' ([[d/b/a]] '''Jio-bp'''), is an Indian [[oil and gas]] [[company]], a joint venture between [[Reliance Industries Limited]] (RIL) and [[BP]]. It is based in [[Navi Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is [[vertically integrated]] and is involved in hydrocarbon exploration, production, refining and also has interests in the [[downstream (oil industry)|downstream]] business and operates over 1700 Retail Fuel Outlets in India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/oil-gas/ril-and-nayara-now-sell-a-4th-of-indias-bulk-diesel/articleshow/109293706.cms|title = Private OMCs gain market share in bulk diesel sales}}</ref> It also operates the largest oil refinery in the world, situated in [[Jamnagar Refinery|Jamnagar]].

It owns/have long term chartered two [[oil rigs]] – DD KG-1 and DD KG-2 (DD standing for Dhirubhai Deepwater).<ref>{{cite web |title=Particulars and fact sheet – Dhirubhai Deepwater KG2 |url=https://www.deepwater.com/Documents/RigSpecs/Dhirubhai%20Deepwater%20KG2.pdf |website=deepwater.com |publisher=Deepwater Transocean |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dril lship – Vessel Particulars – DHIRUBHAI DEEPWATER KG1 |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:712601/mmsi:538003303/imo:9393864/vessel:DHIRUBHAI_DEEPWATER_KG1 |website=marinetraffic.com |publisher=Marine traffic |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Photograph – DD KG-1 |url=http://www.oilrig-photos.com/picture/number2081.asp |website=oilrig-photos.com/ |publisher=Oil rig photos |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref> They are both [[Drillship|drilling ships]] registered in [[Marshall Islands]] and owned by Deepwater Pacific Inc., a subsidiary of [[Transocean]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vessel particulars – DD KG-2 |url=https://www.vesselfinder.com/vessels/DDKG2-IMO-9410088-MMSI-538003304 |website=vesselfinder.com |publisher=Vessel finder |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Transocean's Drillship Sets New Deepest Water Depth Drilling Record |url=https://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/transoceans-drillship-sets-new-deepest-water-depth-drilling-record/ |accessdate=31 October 2018 |publisher=Oil & Energy Today |date=18 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Deepwater Pacific – Owners information |url=https://panjiva.com/Deepwater-Pacific-1-Inc/4555759|website=cn.panjiva.com |publisher=Panjiva / S&P Global |accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref>

==Jamnagar Refinery==
{{main|Jamnagar Refinery}}
With an annual crude processing capacity of {{convert|1240000|oilbbl|m3}} per stream day, RPL is the largest refinery in the world. It will have a complexity of 21.0, using the [[Nelson Complexity Index]], ranking it one of the highest in the sector. The [[polypropylene]] plant will have a capacity to produce 0.9 million metric tonnes per annum.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}

The refinery project is being implemented at a capital cost of {{currency|27000|INR}} [[crore]] being funded through a mix of equity and debt. This represents a capital cost of less than {{currency|10000|USD}} per barrel per day and compares very favourably with the average capital cost of new refineries announced in recent years.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} The [[International Energy Agency]] (IEA) estimates the average capital cost of new refinery in the [[OECD]] nations to be in the region of {{USD|15000}} to {{USD|20000}} per barrel per day.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} The low capital cost of RPL becomes even more attractive when adjusted for high complexity of the refinery.

==Controversies==
In 2012, reports surfaced in the media highlighting the fact that ONGC had chartered an oil rig owned by RIL in May 2009 (Dhirubhai Deepwater KG-1, also known as DDKG-1) without taking bids from any other companies.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mehdudia |first1=Sujay |title=CAG pulls up ONGC for hiring rig from RIL without bids |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/cag-pulls-up-ongc-for-hiring-rig-from-ril-without-bids/article5003648.ece#! |accessdate=31 October 2018 |work=The Hindu|date=8 August 2013}}</ref> This was revealed in the report published by the [[Comptroller and Auditor General of India]] (CAG), the overseer of expenditures of the Indian Government. RIL also owed ONGC ₹92,000 crores, which were already overdue by two years at that time. However, as of 2018, this outstanding amount was still not paid to ONGC by RIL.<ref>{{cite web |title=Auditors report |url=https://tenders.ongc.co.in/wps/wcm/reportspdf/common/auditors08.pdf |website=tenders.ongc.co.in |publisher=ONGC |accessdate=31 October 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*{{Official website}}
*[https://bimaloan.in/jio-bp-petrol-pump-dealership/ jio bp petrol pump dealership]
{{Reliance Group}}
{{Petroleum industry}}
{{Energy companies and organisations in India}}

[[Category:Oil and gas companies of India]]
[[Category:Companies based in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 2008]]
[[Category:Reliance Industries subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Reliance Industries]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]

Najeem Koya

2026-03-16T23:21:42Z

Ledx: started new data - done

{{Short description|Indian film director}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Najeem Koya
| image = Najeem Koya.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1980|05|05}}
| birth_place = [[Alappuzha]], Kerala, India
| occupation = {{Flatlist|
* director
* Writer
}}
| yearsactive = 2010–present
}}

'''Najeem Koya''' (born 5 May 1980) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, and actor who works in [[Malayalam cinema]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/030316/storm-in-a-steal-cup.html|title=Storm in a steal' cup|date=March 3, 2016|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> He made his directorial debut in 2018 with the film ''[[Kaly (film)|Kaly]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/south-indian/najeem-koya-turns-director-with-kaly-1.2191281|title=Najeem Koya turns director with 'Kaly'|date=March 20, 2018|website=gulfnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/050717/najeem-koya-turns-director-with-kali.html|title=Najeem Koya turns director with Kali|date=July 5, 2017|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref> He directed a series called ''[[1000 Babies]]'', released on [[Disney+ Hotstar]] in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/interview-1000-babies-director-najeem-koya-reveals-what-led-to-casting-neena-gupta-as-lead-over-a-malayalam-actress-1354100|title=Interview: 1000 Babies director Najeem Koya reveals what led to casting Neena Gupta as lead over a Malayalam actress|date=October 18, 2024|website=Pinkvilla}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://localharyana.com/trending-news/1000-babies-why-director-najeem-koya-chose-neena-gupta/|title=1000 Babies: Why Director Najeem Koya Chose Neena Gupta Over A Malayalam Actress" |date=October 20, 2024|website=localharyana.com}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Director
! scope="col" | Screenwriter
!Actor
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{refh}}
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Apoorvaragam]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|No|| Directed [[Sibi Malayil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Friday (2012 film)|Friday]]'' || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|No|| Directed [[Lijin Jose]] ||
|-
|2013
|Match Box
|No
|No
|Yes
|Short film by Karthik
|
|-
| 2015 || ''[[Two Countries]]''|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|No|| Directed [[Shafi (director)]] ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Sherlock Toms]]''|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|No|| Directed [[Shafi (director)]] ||
|-
| 2018 || [[Kaly (film)|''Kaly'']]|| {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|No|| Debut film ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/kaly-movie-review-two-films-jammed-into-one-uneven-venture-redeemed-by-joju-george-4366255.html|title=Kaly movie review: Two films jammed into one uneven venture redeemed by Joju George|date=February 25, 2018|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/130218/its-raining-films-for-shebin.html|title=It's raining films for Shebin|date=February 13, 2018|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''[[1000 Babies]]'' || {{yes}} || {{yes}}
|No|| ''Web series'' Streaming in [[Disney+ Hotstar]] ||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/Oct/19/1000-babies-series-review-partially-gripping-psychological-thriller-with-a-unique-premise|title='1000 Babies' series review: Partially gripping psychological thriller with a unique premise|first=Vivek|last=Santhosh|date=October 19, 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="auto" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/malayalam/najeem-koyas-web-series-1000-babies-set-for-release/|title=Najeem Koya's web series, '1000 Babies', set for release|date=October 10, 2024|website=The South First}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/videos/entertainment/celebrity-chats/2024/10/18/chat-with-team-1000-babies.html|title=NO പറയാനുള്ള സ്പേസ് ഇപ്പോഴും ഇല്ല | 1000 Babies | Rahman | Sanju Sivaram | Najeem Koya|website=NO പറയാനുള്ള സ്പേസ് ഇപ്പോഴും ഇല്ല | 1000 Babies | Rahman | Sanju Sivaram | Najeem Koya}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|3980941}}

{{India-film-director-stub}}
{{improve categories|date=November 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Koya, Najeem}}
[[Category:1980 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]

Ajai Kumar

2026-03-14T07:56:22Z

Ledx: new

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{short description|Indian oncologist and entrepreneur|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Infobox medical person|honorific_prefix=|name=B S Ajai Kumar|honorific_suffix=|image=File:Dr. BS AjaiKumar.jpg|image_size=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1951|08|22}}|birth_place=[[Bangalore, India]]|death_date=|death_place=|death_cause=|citizenship=|education=[[St. John's Medical College|St. John’s College, Bangalore]], [[University of Virginia School of Medicine|University of Virginia Hospital]], [[University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston]]|occupation=[[Oncologist]] and entrepreneur|years_active=|known_for=Innovation in Cancer care. Value based healthcare model|relations=|website=|profession= Non-Executive Chairman and founder Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd.|field=|work_institutions=|specialism=|research_field=|notable_works=|prizes=|child=|module2=|signature=}}

'''B S Ajai Kumar''' (22 August 1951) is an Indian [[Oncology|oncologist]] and entrepreneur. He is the founder and [[executive chairman]] of HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd, a South Asian provider of [[Oncology|cancer care]].

In Feb 2024, HCG sold 54% stakes to [[Kohlberg Kravis Roberts|KKR]], for $400 million while Dr. BS Ajai Kumar will take on a new role as Non-Executive Chairman.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-23 |title=KKR to buy cancer care hospital chain HCG from CVC for $400 million |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/kkr-to-buy-cancer-care-hospital-chain-hcg-from-cvc-for-400-million/articleshow/118508549.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-02-25 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Career ==
Kumar got his [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]] from [[St. John's Medical College|St. John's Medical College, Bangalore]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-leader-speak/dr-bs-ajaikumar-chairman-ceo-healthcare-global-enterprises-ltd-116031100437_1.html|title=Dr. BS Ajaikumar, Chairman & CEO, Healthcare Global Enterprises Ltd|website=www.indiainfoline.com|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17}}</ref> He completed his residency at [[University of Virginia School of Medicine|University of Virginia Hospital]]. Then, he obtained a MD at [[University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center|MD Anderson Hospital]] in [[Houston|Houston, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://events.vccircle.com/content/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar|title=Dr. B. S. Ajai Kumar {{!}} VCCircle Events|website=events.vccircle.com|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181445/http://events.vccircle.com/content/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hcgel.com/board-of-directors/|title=Board of Directors « HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd.|access-date=2019-02-20|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181641/https://hcgel.com/board-of-directors/|url-status=live}}</ref>

During the course of his career he visited India frequently. In 1989 he founded Bharath Hospital and Institute of Oncology in [[Mysore]], built with grants given by the government of the United States through a non profit trust.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://bharathcancerhospital.com/Dr.B.S.AJAIKUMAR|title=Bharat Cancer Hospital Mysore|website=bharathcancerhospital.com|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111062115/http://bharathcancerhospital.com/Dr.B.S.AJAIKUMAR|url-status=live}}</ref> He began practising [[Humanistic medicine|value based medicine]], which consists of giving the same treatment at a much lower cost than in the United States and Europe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/value-based-medicine-new-patient-centric-approach-to-healthcare/102585|title=Value-based medicine: New patient-centric approach to healthcare|website=www.fortuneindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181613/https://www.fortuneindia.com/macro/value-based-medicine-new-patient-centric-approach-to-healthcare/102585|url-status=live}}</ref> Then he started the Bangalore Institute of Oncology.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://healthmarketinnovations.org/sites/default/files/HCGCase_study_Final_0.pdf|title=Health Care Global Enterprise|last=|first=|date=|website=healthmarketinnovations.org|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2021-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023082731/https://healthmarketinnovations.org/sites/default/files/HCGCase_study_Final_0.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

He practised for two decades in USA (he was charged by the Board of Medical Examiners of the State of Iowa with professional incompetence and practice harmful or detrimental to the public; he surrendered his Iowa license to resolve the matters in 2006 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medicalboard.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/12/ajaikumar_basavalingas._m.d.-02-97-101_02-98-282_02-02-217.pdf|title=Settlement Agreement|access-date=2021-05-24|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720204243/https://medicalboard.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/12/ajaikumar_basavalingas._m.d.-02-97-101_02-98-282_02-02-217.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>); in 2003 he decided to return with his family to India, and in 2005 he formed HealthCare Global Enterprises (HCG).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/printcontent/32888|title=Beyond Cancer - Handled With Care|last=|first=|date=|website=www.forbesindia.com|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106062249/http://www.forbesindia.com/printcontent/32888|url-status=live}}</ref> introducing new technology for cancer treatment.<ref name="p948">{{cite web | title=Dr. B.S. Ajai Kumar delivers Heroes of Healthcare Lecture at GMU – THUMBAY Group News | website=Thumbay Group | url=https://www.thumbay.com/news/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar-delivers-heroes-healthcare-lecture-gmu/ | access-date=2024-07-16 | archive-date=2017-10-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003165336/http://www.thumbay.com/news/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar-delivers-heroes-healthcare-lecture-gmu/ | url-status=live }}</ref> In 2021 HCG had around 21 comprehensive cancer care centres.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hcgel.com/existing-centres/|title=Existing Centres « HealthCare Global Enterprises Ltd.|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181655/https://hcgel.com/existing-centres/|url-status=live}}</ref>

He also partnered with [[Kamini A. Rao]] to establish [[Fertility|fertility centers]] in India in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/health-trends/-1769499.html|title=HCG & BACC join together to redefine fertility care|website=Moneycontrol|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220235820/https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/health-trends/-1769499.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Kumar is also the President of Association of Healthcare Providers Bangalore<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ahpi.in/governing_board.html|title=Association of Healthcare Providers (India)|website=www.ahpi.in|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2018-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018030136/http://www.ahpi.in/governing_board.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and Chapter and Advisor of the Federation of Healthcare Associations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiannewz.wordpress.com/2017/01/09/announcement-of-the-formation-of-federation-of-healthcare-associations-karnataka/|title=Announcement of the formation of " Federation of Healthcare Associations "– Karnataka & To discuss developments in the private healthcare sector.|date=2017-01-09|website=Indian Newz|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181705/https://indiannewz.wordpress.com/2017/01/09/announcement-of-the-formation-of-federation-of-healthcare-associations-karnataka/|url-status=live}}</ref> He has given several talks at [[Harvard Business School]] and other universities<ref name="p948"/> and participates in different health initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/480737/govt-persuade-farmers-against-growing.html|title=Govt will persuade farmers against growing tobacco: Khader|date=2015-05-31|website=Deccan Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181618/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/480737/govt-persuade-farmers-against-growing.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/dec/11/tobacco-farmers-agree-to-switch-to-alternative-crops-but-set-conditions-1909897.html|title=Tobacco farmers agree to switch to alternative crops, but set conditions|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181638/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/dec/11/tobacco-farmers-agree-to-switch-to-alternative-crops-but-set-conditions-1909897.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==
* CEO of the Year at the Asian Healthcare Leadership Awards 2014<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indicure.com/hcg-hospital.htm|title=HCG Cancer Hospital {{!}} Best Cancer Hospitals India {{!}} IndiCure|website=www.indicure.com|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220235837/https://www.indicure.com/hcg-hospital.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2011 [[Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award|Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ey.com/in/en/about-us/entrepreneurship/entrepreneur-of-the-year/eoy-2011-india-finalist---bs-ajaikumar|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120142947/http://www.ey.com/IN/en/About-us/Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneur-Of-The-Year/EOY-2011-India-finalist---BS-Ajaikumar|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 January 2013|title=Entrepreneur Of The Year 2011. Revolutionizing cancer-care|last=|first=|date=|website=Ernst and Young India|access-date=}}</ref>
* CII Regional Emerging Entrepreneurs Award 2011<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Recognising-and-inspiring-enterprise/article20412564.ece|title=Recognising and inspiring enterprise|website=@businessline|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2021-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305042125/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/Recognising-and-inspiring-enterprise/article20412564.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dr. B. C. Roy Award|BC Roy Award]] by the Indian Science Monitor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/president-confers-b.c.-roy-award-on-eminent-doctors-26841-2008-07-01|title=President confers B.C. Roy Award on eminent doctors|date=1 July 2008|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2019-01-17|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220181453/https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/president-confers-b.c.-roy-award-on-eminent-doctors-26841-2008-07-01|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Frost & Sullivan]] Oncology Leader of the Year 2009-2010 and 2010 - 2011.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thumbay.com/news/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar-delivers-heroes-healthcare-lecture-gmu/,%20https://www.thumbay.com/news/dr-b-s-ajai-kumar-delivers-heroes-healthcare-lecture-gmu/|title=Dr. B.S. Ajai Kumar delivers Heroes of Healthcare Lecture at GMU|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-17}}{{Dead link|date=June 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
* HealthCare Global Enterprises became a case study at [[Harvard Business School]] for affordable healthcare for the poor in India<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://hbr.org/2013/11/delivering-world-class-health-care-affordably|title=Delivering World-Class Health Care, Affordably|last=Govindarajan|first=Vijay|date=2013-11-01|work=Harvard Business Review|access-date=2019-01-17|last2=Ramamurti|first2=Ravi|issue=November 2013|issn=0017-8012|archive-date=2019-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125112707/https://hbr.org/2013/11/delivering-world-class-health-care-affordably|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hbr.org/product/hub-and-spoke-healthcare-global-and-additional-focused-factory-models-for-cancer-care/313030-PDF-ENG?autocomplete=true|title=Hub and Spoke, HealthCare Global, and Additional Focused Factory Models for Cancer Care|last=Herzlinger|first=Regina E.|last2=Ghorawat|first2=Amit|website=hbr.org|access-date=2019-01-17|last3=Krishnan|first3=Meera|last4=Saggi|first4=Naiyya}}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==
Kumar has established the "International Human Development & Upliftment Academy", near [[Mysore|Mysore, Karnataka]], which is engaged in alleviating rural illiteracy, empowering women.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://guidestarindia.org/Summary.aspx?CCReg=378|title=International Human Development & Upliftment Academy|last=|first=|date=|website=guidestarindia.org|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220204906/https://guidestarindia.org/Summary.aspx?CCReg=378|url-status=live}}</ref> The HCG Foundation does free cancer treatments for patients from economically backward families.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hcgfoundation.org/|title=HCG Foundation|last=|first=|date=|website=HCG Foundation|access-date=|archive-date=2018-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229231257/http://www.hcgfoundation.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

''Antardhwani'' is an independent [[Think tank|Think Tank]] of HCG which works in health, education and agriculture projects.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onthinktanks.org/articles/seethalakshmi-s-and-rahul-nandan-chief-mission-officers-at-antardhwani/|title=Seethalakshmi S and Rahul Nandan, chief mission officers at Antardhwani|website=onthinktanks.org|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-02-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220182043/https://onthinktanks.org/articles/seethalakshmi-s-and-rahul-nandan-chief-mission-officers-at-antardhwani/|url-status=live}}</ref> It also works on anti-tobacco control programmes to fight cancer.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/77/12528/hcg-who-antardhwani-mull-over-the-growth-of-tobacco.html|title=HCG, WHO, Antardhwani mull over the growth of tobacco|website=www.biospectrumindia.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-01|archive-date=2019-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117195047/https://www.biospectrumindia.com/news/77/12528/hcg-who-antardhwani-mull-over-the-growth-of-tobacco.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Books ==
* Excellence Has No Borders (Penguin Random House) - 2019{{fact|date=July 2025}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/interview-dr-b-s-ajaikumar-chairman-ceo-hcg-bengaluru/50619818 Interview Dr. B.S. Ajaikumar, Chairman & CEO, HCG, Bengaluru]
*[https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/enigma-called-cancer-how-doctor-sought-change-approach-treatment-116157 Extract from his book Excellence Has No Borders]
*[https://qz.com/india/1804666/india-needs-value-based-not-cheap-health-care-says-hcg-founder/ Extract from his book in Quartz]
*[https://medicalboard.iowa.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2017/12/ajaikumar_basavalingas._m.d.-02-97-101_02-98-282_02-02-217.pdf]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kumar, Ajai}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:Indian oncologists]]
[[Category:Indian medical researchers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Cancer researchers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:University of Virginia alumni]]
[[Category:University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center alumni]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Bengaluru]]

Chandu Lal

2026-03-10T18:42:03Z

Ledx: page fix

{{short description|Prime minister for the 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Not to be confused with|Chandu Shah|text=[[Chandu Shah]], who is sometimes referred to by the same name}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Maharaja]]
| name = Chandu Lal
| image = Painting of Chandu Lal of Hyderabad State, by John Godwin Williams, ca.1836.jpg
| office = [[Prime Minister of Hyderabad]]
| termstart = 1833
| termend = 1844
| relations =
| monarch = [[Sikandar Jah]]
| death_date = 15 April 1845
| caption = Painting of Chandu Lal of Hyderabad State, by John Godwin Williams, ca.1836
}}

'''Chandu Lal Malhotra''' (1766 – 15 April 1845), better known as '''Maharaja Chandu Lal''' was the [[Prime Minister]] (1833–1844) for the 3rd [[Nizam]] of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]], [[Sikandar Jah]]. He was born in Hyderabad Deccan (now [[Hyderabad, India]]), and hailed from a Hindu family of the [[Khatri]] caste with origins in [[Lahore]]. He was also a poet of [[Urdu]], [[Hyderabad]]i, [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/nizamoriginfutur00mcauuoft|title=The Nizam; the origin and future of the Hyderabad state, being the Le Bas Prize essay in the University of Cambridge, 1904|last=McAuliffe|first=Robert Paton|date=1904|publisher=London C.J. Clay|others=Robarts - University of Toronto|pages=[https://archive.org/details/nizamoriginfutur00mcauuoft/page/39 39]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Modern_Hyderabad_(Deccan)/Chapter_3|title=Modern Hyderabad (Deccan)|last=Law|first=John|chapter=Chapter III : The Nizams and their Ministers|pages=30|archive-date=14 December 2019|access-date=7 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214034855/https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Modern_Hyderabad_(Deccan)/Chapter_3|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Family ==
Chandu Lal Sadan was born in a Hindu [[Malhotra]] family of [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] Khatri background.<ref>{{Cite book |editor-last=Patel |editor-first=Alka |editor-last2=Leonard |editor-first2=Karen |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7_Ij0M2D0moC&pg=PA170 |title=Indo-Muslim Cultures in Transition |last=Leonard |first=Karen |date=2011-11-25 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-21209-1 |language=en|chapter=Indo-Muslim culture in Hyderabad: Old City Neighbourhoods in the 19th century|page=170}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> His family were [[Nanakpanthi|Nanakpanthis]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=The Sikh Zafar-namah of Guru Gobind Singh: A Discursive Blade in the Heart of the Mughal Empire |date=Jan 31, 2013 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199931453 |pages=167}}</ref> His father was Rai Naryen Das, who migrated from [[Rai Bareilly]] to Hyderabad State.<ref name="Iranica">{{cite news |first=Sharif Husain |last=Qasemi |title=Chandu Lal Sadan: Maharaja, statesman and poet in Persian and Urdu |date=15 December 1990 |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/candu-lal-lal-sadan-maharaja-statesman-and-poet-in-persian-and-urdu-b |access-date=2014-12-11 |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226082217/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/candu-lal-lal-sadan-maharaja-statesman-and-poet-in-persian-and-urdu-b%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> His ancestors had served in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] courts.<ref name="Leonard1971">{{cite journal |title=The Hyderabad Political System and its Participants |first=Karen |last=Leonard |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=30 |issue=3 |date=May 1971 |pages=569–582 |jstor=2052461 |doi=10.2307/2052461 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/454191gp |archive-date=25 January 2020 |access-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125040952/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/454191gp |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Iranica" /><ref name=":1" /> His family is the founder of the ''Dafter-e-Mal'' (Department of Finance) in Hyderabad Deccan during [[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Nizam ul Mulk Asif Jah I]]. The future [[List of prime ministers of Hyderabad State|Prime Minister]], [[Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad]], was his great-grandson. The family was famously known as ''Malwala Family'' in Hyderabad.<ref name="Leonard1971" />
[[File:ChanduLal Baradari.jpg|thumb|300px|right|View of Baradari Chandulal in 1890s]]

== In Sikh Darbar ==
Chandu Lal was a Minister within the court of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] under the [[Sikh Empire]]. They both had good relations and Chandu Lal Malotra became a General in the [[Sikh Khalsa Army]]. He then converted and became a devout [[Sahajdhari|Sehajdhari Sikh]].

In an agreement between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]] for the construction of a Gurudwara in the spot where [[Guru Gobind Singh|Guru Gobind Singh Ji]] died and the Nizam of Hyderabad making it 4 acres large made of marble, Ranjit Singh would give him 24,000 [[Nihang|Nihang Sikhs]] as private unpaid soldiers to quell rebellions.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}

Chandu Lal may have considered himself a [[Nanakpanthi]], as he was devotee of the Udasi saint, Baba Priyatam Das.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Fenech |first=Louis E. |title=Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. |date=2014 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers |others=W. H. McLeod |isbn=978-1-4422-3601-1 |edition=3rd |location=Lanham |pages=80 |oclc=881607325}}</ref>

== In Nizam Darbar ==
He started his career as a subordinate in the customs department of [[Hyderabad State|Kingdom of Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Charles Edward |last=Buckland |title=Dictionary of Indian biography |publisher=S. Sonnenschein |year=1906 |url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/charles-edward-buckland/dictionary-of-indian-biography-kcu/page-15-dictionary-of-indian-biography-kcu.shtml |archive-date=12 October 2012 |access-date=29 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121012084249/http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/charles-edward-buckland/dictionary-of-indian-biography-kcu/page-15-dictionary-of-indian-biography-kcu.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> Later he received the title of ''Raja Bahadur'' from Nawab [[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Sikandar Jah]]. Sikandar Jah selected him as accounts officer of his army. British historian states "Due to the ladting effect of Chundoo Lal the dominions of the Nizam seem to look like a Sikh one rather than a Mohhamedan." The Nihang forces refused to be paid and said they would only be paid by the Akal Takht. Later after the Anglo Sikh Wars Nihangs fled to the South, where they battled against revolt earning respect by many. It is even noted by historians that Nihangs were used as bodyguards.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}}
In 1819 Chandu Lal received the title of ''Maharaja'' from Sikandar Jah and a cash award of one [[crore]] [[Hyderabadi rupee|rupees]]. In 1822 he was made the head of seven thousand horsemen with the title of ''Raja e Rajagan'' from Nawab [[Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV|Nasir ud dawlah]]. After the death of Monir-ul-Mulk in 1833, Chandu Lal succeeded him as a prime minister.<ref name="Iranica" />

==Prime minister==
[[File:Nawab Mir 'Alam Bahadur and Raja Chandu Lal Bahadur (6124550671).jpg|thumb|Nawab Mir 'Alam Bahadur and Raja Chandu Lal Bahadur, ca.1800]]
Chandu Lal was made prime minister of [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]] twice. First in the year 1808 then in 1832 AD and he held the office until 1843 AD.<ref name="Iranica" />

==Maharaj Chandulal's Temple==
[[File:Maharaja Chandulal’s Temple.jpg|thumb|285px|left|View of Maharaja Chandulal’s Temple as seen in 1929]]
As per legends, a saint returning from a pilgrimage to Tirumala, stopped at [[Alwal]]. During his stay, the saint who was carrying an idol of ''Lord Balaji'', sat meditating under a tamarind tree. Chandulal Bahadur, along with his family paid a visit to the saint to seek his blessings. The saint told Chandulal that ''Lord Venkateswara'' had appeared in his dreams and told him that a temple should be built at Alwal for devotees who could not afford to go to Tirumala. Chandulal built a small temple and installed the idol of Lord Venkateswara.<ref>{{cite news|last= Mungara|first= Sunil|date= 2017-11-13|title= Ancient Alwal temple in blind spot, choultries crumbling|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ancient-alwal-temple-in-blind-spot-choultries-crumbling/articleshow/61623766.cms|work= The Times of India|location= |access-date= 2024-04-04|archive-date= 4 April 2024|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240404065450/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/ancient-alwal-temple-in-blind-spot-choultries-crumbling/articleshow/61623766.cms|url-status= live}}</ref> The temple has been declared as an heritage structure. <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.thedeccanarchive.com/heritage-audit|title= Hyderabad Heritage Audit 2023|last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher=The Deccan Archive |access-date= |quote=2024-04-04}}</ref>

==Poet==
Chandu Lal (who used the pen name "Shaadan" (شاداں) as a learned man, was a patron of [[Urdu]] poetry and literature. His patronship attracted [[Urdu poets]] to his court. He even invited poets from Northern India like [[Zauq]] and [[Baksh Nasikh]] and Mirza Ghalib from Delhi to Hyderabad State but they couldn't turn up for some reasons.{{citation needed|date=December 2014}} Despite the responsibility of his prime ministerial office he used to regularly organize and attend ''[[Mushaira]]''.<ref name="Iranica" />

==See also==
*[[Vitthal Sundar]]
*[[List of prime ministers of Hyderabad State|Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Encyclopædia Iranica|last1= Qasemi |first1=Sharif Husain | volume = 4 | fascicle = 7 | title = Čandū Laʿl Šādān |author-link = | url = https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/candu-lal-lal-sadan-maharaja-statesman-and-poet-in-persian-and-urdu-b | pages = 756–757}}{{sfn whitelist|CITEREFQasemi1990}}

{{Nizam of Hyderabad}}
{{Sikh Empire|state=collapsed}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lal, Chandu}}
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Prime ministers of Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:1845 deaths]]
[[Category:1766 births]]
[[Category:People from Raebareli]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]

Keyi family

2026-03-05T18:28:13Z

Ledx: Content refined for better accuracy

{{Short description|Malaysian family}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2024}}

'''Keyi''' ({{langx|ml|കേയി}}, pronounced {{IPA|ml|keːyee|}}, ('''Keyi Mappila''') are one of the oldest families among the [[Muslims of Kerala|Muslims of Malabar]], [[India]]. The Keyis are known for their immense wealth and land properties acquired through trade with the [[British East India Company|English East India Company]]. The Keyi family has its roots in [[Thalassery]], [[Kannur district]] of [[Kerala]].<ref>''Malayalam Manorama Yearbook'' (Malayalam language), 2006 pp 408</ref>

==History ==
Although Aluppy Keyi laid the foundation of Keyi family, it was his nephew '''[[Chovvakkaran Moosa|Moosa]]''', who was responsible for strengthening the family's position to the extent that it came to dominate the Malabar economy.<ref>W. Milburn, ''Oriental Commerce'', vol. 1, London, 1813, pp. 322, 329.</ref> He was also known as Chaua Moosa.

When the [[Mysore|Mysorian]] interlude began Moosa proved to be a friend of British and came to the rescue of the Rajas. [[Chirakkal Raja]] and family, who took refuge in Thalassery's Sri Ramaswamy temple, were taken along with all their wealth in ''pathemars'' and small ships to [[Travancore]]. The Travancore Maharaja gave them asylum (The Travancore Dynasty was the mother family (or lineage) of the Kolathiri (Chirakkal) Royal Family who ruled over the Kannur-Wayanad-Kasaragod regions which included Thalassery)<ref>M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman, 'Merchants and Colonialism: the Case of Chovvakkaran Moosa and the English East India Company', ''History Farook'' (working paper series, August 2006), pp. 1-3.</ref>

During the Mysorean raids in the late 1700s, trade decreased and the business which Moosakakka started with the help of his uncle, struggled greatly.<ref>A.P. Ummer Kutty, ''Keyi Charitram'', Thalaserry, 1916, pp. 185-208; M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman, 'Merchants and Colonialism: the Case of Chovvakkaran Moosa and the English East India Company', ''History Farook'' (working paper series, August 2006), p. 2.</ref> He left Thalassery to [[Venad]] to seek the help of the Maharaja of Travancore. The king gave him financial help to start a new business. His business flourished and he returned with gifts and asked the Maharaja to take back the money he had given him. The king declined and gave him all facilities to trade in his kingdom. He guaranteed a supply of teakwood, which he used for the construction of a mosque in Thalassery and other projects.<ref>A. Bulley, ''The Bombay Country Ships, 1790-1833'', Abingdon, 2000, pp. 38, 41-48, 51, 72, 77, 93, 283; M.P. Mujeebu Rehiman, 'Merchants and Colonialism: the Case of Chovvakkaran Moosa and the English East India Company', ''History Farook'' (working paper series, August 2006), pp. 2-3.</ref>

Finally Kerala came under the suzerainty of the British. The Keyi dominance in trade increased considerably. With British help, Moosa established trade relations with the British [[East India Company]] and deployed a network of family agents throughout India and in Europe, specifically, in [[London]], [[Paris]] and [[Amsterdam]]. He was also a contractor to the company for supplying essential commodities.<ref>W. Logan, ''A Collection of Treaties, Engagements and Other Papers of Importance'', London, 1891, p. 212.</ref>

Musa became a mediator in between British and the [[Arakkal family]], the only Muslim ruling dynasty in Kerala. The [[Ali Raja|Sultan]] accepted the rule of British and the Company asked the sultan to pay 1,000,000 [[Indian Rupee|rupees]] as war indemnity. The Raja failed to pay the money and Moosakakka paid the money for the Raja and later recovered from the revenues which were hypothecated to him. In appreciation the Sultan gave consent for marriage of a ''[[Ali Raja#Ali Rajas and Arakkal Beevis|beevi]]'' (lady) of his family with Hussen, a nephew of Moosa.<ref>A.P. Ummer Kutty, ''Keyi Charitram'', Thalassery, 1916, pp. 106-107.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Arakkal Raja]]
* [[Odathil Palli|Odathil Mosque]]
* [[British East India Company|East India Company]]
* [[Malabar Muslims|Mappila]]
* [[Thalassery]]

==References==
{{More footnotes|date=August 2008}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20081212064922/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2006/11/19/stories/2006111911260300.htm Keyis played a role in the history of North Malabar]}}, The Hindu online edition
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930224323/http://www.hindu.com/2006/11/26/stories/2006112601510200.htm Keyi family patriarch's legacy of harmony hailed] News item in [[The Hindu]] newspaper
* [http://www.kerala.gov.in/kercalmay06/pg34-36.pdf Keyis of North Malabar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930171122/http://www.kerala.gov.in/kercalmay06/pg34-36.pdf |date=30 September 2007 }} Article from [[Kerala]] government website
* [https://brill.com/view/journals/arwh/5/2/article-p145_145.xml The Keyi Mappila Muslim Merchants of Tellicherry]
* [http://keyifamily.blogspot.com/ Keyis of Malabar]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCjy9rGKIiM] Odathil Mosque

{{Islam in Kerala}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Keyi}}
[[Category:Malabar Muslims]]
[[Category:People from Thalassery]]
[[Category:Kerala families]]

Street Lights (film)

2026-03-03T20:33:29Z

Ledx: Creating a entry...

{{About|the film|other uses|Streetlight (disambiguation) }}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Street Lights
| image = Street Lights First Look.jpeg
| caption = First Look Poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Shamdat|Shamdat Sainudeen]]
| producer = [[Mammootty]]
| writer = Fawaz Mohamed
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = {{unbulleted list|Mammootty|[[Lijomol Jose]]|Gayathri Krishnaa}}
| language = [[Malayalam]]
| narrator =
| music = Adarsh Abraham (Songs) [[Neha Nair|Yakzan-Neha]] (score)
| cinematography = Sadat Sainudeen
| editing = Manoj
| studio = Playhouse Motion Pictures
| distributor = Playhouse Release
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2018|1|26|ref1=<ref name="rls"/>}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| country = India
| gross = 
}}

'''''Street Lights''''' is a 2018 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[action thriller film]] directed by cinematographer [[Shamdat]] in his directorial debut. The film is produced by [[Mammootty]] under his banner Playhouse Motion Pictures and starring himself alongside a different supporting cast in each language. The film features [[Soubin Shahir]], [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]], [[Hareesh Perumanna]], [[Lijomol Jose]], [[Rajendran]] and [[Stunt Silva]] who play pivotal roles. The film was also simultaneously shot in Tamil with [[Prithvi Rajan]], [[Pandi (actor)|Pandi]], [[Pandiarajan]], and [[Sreeram]] playing pivotal roles.

The [[principal photography]] began on 24 March 2017 and was conducted in [[Kochi]], [[Pollachi]], and [[Chennai]].<ref name="multi">{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-multilingual-streetlights-will-hit-the-theatres-in-january/articleshow/61614238.cms|title= Mammootty's multilingual Streetlights will hit the theatres in January|date=13 November 2017|access-date=15 November 2017|author= Anjana George|newspaper=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> The Malayalam version was released on 26 January 2018 while the Tamil version remains unreleased.<ref name="rls">{{cite web|url= http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammoottys-street-lights-release-postponed-71725|date=16 November 2017|accessdate=8 December 2017|agency=[[The News Minute]]|title=Mammootty's 'Street Lights' release postponed}}</ref>

== Plot ==

This film begins with a chase scene where two security guards are chasing two thieves wearing masks, catching up to them only to be beaten down by a third thief. They return to their hideout to reveal that they were unable to crack the safe but were able to yank off a rare Rs. 5 crore (or $724,000) necklace off of the homeowner's neck. The homeowners call their nephew James, who is a police detective, investigates it. The thieves are chased by the police and Sachi the second thief hides it in a bag. The bag is later taken by Mani, a boy. Soon after the chase James reveals that Murugan the third thief is a notorious criminal with a grudge on James as he killed Murugan's elder brother Manimaran. Finally the necklace reaches James and he catches Murugan and kills him.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Mammootty]] as [[Circle Inspector|CI]] James
* [[Soubin Shahir]] as Subin
* [[Stunt Silva]] as Murugan
* [[Rajendran]] as Manimaran
* [[Hareesh Perumanna]] as Raj
* [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]] as Sachi
* [[Lijomol Jose]] as Remya
* Gayathri Krishnaa as Jenny
* [[Jude Anthany Joseph]] as Peeyush
* [[Adish Praveen]] as Mani
* [[Rony David]] as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Issac
* P R Rajasekharan as [[Sub-inspector|SI]] Moorthy
* [[Nandu (Malayalam actor)|Nandu]] as Remya's father
* [[Joy Mathew]] as Simon Mundakal
* [[Semmalar Annam]] as Malar, mother of Mani
* [[Sudhi Koppa]] as Thotti Sibi
* [[Neena Kurup]] as Maria
* [[Sohan Seenulal]]
{{colend}}

==Production==
===Development===
Cinematographer [[Shamdat]] is marking his directorial debut.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.mathrubhumi.com/mobile/movies-music/features/shyamdutt-interview-malayalam-news-1.539612|title=അഭിനയം പഠിച്ചു ക്യാമറമാനായി|author=Bipin Babu|agency=[[Mathrubhumi]]|date=18 September 2015|accessdate=20 November 2017}}</ref> Eager to direct a film, he watched many short films, and one of them led him into contacting its maker Fawaz Mohamed. After Shamdat told his idea to Fawaz, Fawaz developed the content into a story within a week.<ref name="ani">{{cite web|url=http://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment/director-talks-about-his-new-movie-street-lights |date=15 January 2018|accessdate=22 January 2018|work=[[Asianet News]]|author=C. V. Siniya|title= മമ്മൂക്കയുടെ ഡിസിപ്ലിനാണ് എന്നെ ആകര്ഷിച്ചത്: ഷാംദത്ത്|language=Malayalam}}</ref> In 2016, Shamdat narrated the story to Mammootty at the sets of ''[[The Great Father]]'', which he agreed to act and to produce.<ref name="si"/> Originally scripted in Malayalam, the story featuring a certain Tamil-speaking characters and portions to be set in [[Tamil Nadu]] prompted the makers to make the film in Tamil also.<ref name="tr">{{cite web|date=18 January 2018|accessdate=19 January 2018|author=Manoj Kumar R|title= Street Lights trailer: Looks like Mammootty got his groove back|url= http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/street-lights-trailer-mammootty-watch-video-5030244/ |work=[[Indian Express]]}}</ref> Shamdat's initial idea of different production of film, as first in Malayalam and Tamil thereafter, was advanced to the simultaneous filming of both versions, since Mammootty was ready to finance also the Tamil version. Dialogues for Tamil version were written by Shamdat himself, while Malayalam dialogues along with script are credited to Fawaz Mohamed, who is also debutant.<ref name="si">{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/211017/streetlights-turn-spotlight-on-shamdat-sainudheen.html|title= Streetlights turn spotlight on Shamdat Sainudheen|date=21 October 2017|access-date=17 November 2017|agency=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|author=Priya Sreekumar}}</ref><ref name="ani"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/mammoottys-upcoming-crime-thriller-titled-streetlights/articleshow/57752036.cms|title=Mammootty's upcoming crime thriller titled 'Streetlights'|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=15 November 2017|date=21 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="km">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/kamal-sir-felt-that-an-english-title-will-help-my-film-stand-apart-shamdat-sainudeen/articleshow/62475494.cms|title=Kamal sir felt that an English title will help my film stand apart: Shamdat Sainudeen|author=M Suganth|date=13 January 2018|access-date=13 January 2018|newspaper=[[Times of India]]}}</ref> Shamdat does not include the film in any specific genre such as action, crime or suspense, and wants to call it an "entertainment thriller".<ref>{{cite web|url= http://english.manoramaonline.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2018/01/11/mammootty-street-lights-is-not-an-action-thriller-director-clarifies.html |date=11 January 2018|accessdate=10 January 2018|author= Our Correspondent |agency=[[Malayala Manorama]]|title= Mammootty's 'Street Lights' is not an action thriller: director clarifies }}</ref>

===Casting and filming===
The [[principal photography]] began on 24 March 2017 in Kochi, planned to be completed in a single schedule. Shamdat's brother Sadat Sainudeen was the cinematography.<ref name="pf">{{cite web|url=https://vellinakshatram.com/online/news/Mammootty-to-produce-street-lights_2017-03-23.php|title=Mammootty to produce Street Lights|date=22 March 2017|accessdate=20 November 2017|agency=[[Kerala Kaumudi|Vellinakshathram]]|author= Farsana Jaleel}}</ref> Mammootty had allotted his 20 days of date.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammootty-play-investigating-officer-shamdats-directorial-debut-56952 |title=Mammootty to play an investigating officer in Shamdat's directorial debut |agency=[[The News Minute]]|date=7 February 2016|accessdate=20 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="tr"/> An accident occurred during filming of a fight sequence held at [[Mattancherry]], causing [[Vishnu Unnikrishnan]] an injury to his right hand wrist. He was prescribed two weeks' rest by the doctors and, subsequently, was replaced by [[Dharmajan Bolgatty]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/vishnu-unnikrishnan-gets-injured-while-shooting-for-mammoottys-film/articleshow/57826859.cms|title= Vishnu Unnikrishnan gets injured, while shooting for Mammootty's film|date=25 March 2017|access-date=15 November 2017|agency=Times of India|author=Deepika Jayaram|website= [[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/dharmajan-replaces-the-injured-vishnu-unnikrishnan-in-shamdut-mammootty-movie/articleshow/57869004.cms|title=Dharmajan replaces the injured Vishnu Unnikrishnan in Shamdat-Mammootty movie |date=28 March 2017|access-date=15 November 2017|agency=Times of India|author=Anjana George|website=[[The Times of India]] }}</ref> [[Lijomol Jose]] was offered a role by Shamdat during the shooting of her film ''[[Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/270317/keeping-fingers-crossed-lijomol-jose.html|title= Keeping fingers crossed: Lijomol Jose|date=27 March 2017|access-date=20 November 2017|agency=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|author=Meera Manu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/maheshinte-prathikaram-fame-lijomol-jose-in-streetlights/articleshow/57811663.cms|title= Maheshinte Prathikaram fame Lijomol Jose in Streetlights|agency=[[Times of India]]|author= Asha Prakash|website= [[The Times of India]]|date=24 March 2017|access-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> In Tamil version, a prominent role is played by [[Prithvi Rajan]], who is placed at the way of a probe conducted by Mammootty, with few collaboration scenes between them, while he also leads a [[romantic comedy]] track, paired with Lijomol's character. Rajan's father, [[Pandiarajan]], also plays an important role.<ref name="pritvi">{{cite web|url= https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/131017/prithivi-pandiarajan-excited-to-work-with-mammootty.html|title=Prithivi Pandiarajan excited to work with Mammootty|date=13 October 2017|author=Anupama Subramanian|agency=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=8 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="km"/> Stunt choreographer [[Stunt Silva]] was cast for the antagonist, whose real looks and style were retained for the character.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://m.gulfnews.com/life-style/celebrity/desi-news/south-india/mammootty-s-street-lights-is-a-thriller-but-not-a-dark-one-1.2161843 |date=23 January 2018|accessdate=23 January 2018|work=[[Gulf News]]|author=Mythili Ramachandran|title= Mammootty's 'Street Lights' is a thriller, but not a dark one }}</ref>

In the case of filming, Tamil scenes were shot first, followed by Malayalam.<ref name="pritvi"/> In order to minimize the production cost and expedite the filming, only perfected shots based on finalized script were taken, and big monitors and crew were avoided. Filming was done with camera hidden at places like bus stands. Sound design was by [[Renganaath Ravee]]; sounds taken from day and night were used in the film.<ref name="di">{{cite web|url= http://www.deepika.com/cinema/StarChat.aspx?Starchat-with-Director-Shamdat-Sainudeen&ID=504|title=എന്റര്ടെയിന്മെന്റ് ത്രില്ലർ ആണ് സ്ട്രീറ്റ് ലൈറ്റ്‌സ്: ഷാംദത്ത് സൈനുദ്ദീൻ |date=24 January 2018|accessdate=17 February 2018|work=[[Deepika (newspaper)|Deepika]]|language=Malayalam|trans-title=Street Lights is an entertainment thriller: Shamdat Sainudeen}}</ref> Tamil version is based in [[Chennai]].<ref name="km"/> According to the director, both versions were treated differently, in such a way that Malayalam features more humour while Tamil a serious narrative.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2h017/oct/11/streetlights-is-not-a-dark-movie-but-an-entertainer-1671387.html|title='Streetlights is not a dark movie, but an entertainer'|author=Meera Suresh|date=11 October 2017|access-date=17 November 2017|agency=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> Filming of both films completed in 35 days.<ref name="si"/> In November 2017, the makers also planned to dub the film into [[Telugu language|Telugu]].<ref name="kmrl">{{cite web|url= http://news.keralakaumudi.com/beta/mobile/news.php?NewsId=TkNSUDAxODU3Mjg=&xP=Q1lC&xDT=MjAxNy0xMS0wNyAxMTowNjowMA==&xD=MQ==&cID=OQ== |date=7 November 2017|accessdate=21 January 2018|work=[[Kerala Kaumudi]]|author=|title= സ്ട്രീറ്റ് ലൈറ്റ്സ് തെലുങ്കിലും|language=Malayalam|trans-title=Street Lights also in Telugu}}</ref><ref name="nmrl">{{cite web|url= https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mammootty-s-street-lights-release-telugu-71424 |title= Mammootty's 'Street Lights' to release in Telugu? |accessdate=21 January 2018|work=The News Minute|author=|date=10 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="htrl">{{cite web|title=Mammootty's crime thriller Street Lights to release in 2018 |date=17 November 2017|accessdate=21 January 2018|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|author=HT Correspondent |url= https://m.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/mammootty-s-crime-thriller-street-lights-to-release-in-2018/story-r9JxxPqbtvg2nLUODcEN8M.html }}</ref><ref name="multi"/> Mammootty himself dubbed in three languages.<ref name="ani"/>

==Soundtrack==
Adarsh Abraham who was a programmer under [[Ouseppachan]] debuted as composer in the film, which comprises four songs. [[Neha Nair]] and Yakzan Gary Pereira duo composed film's score.<ref name="di"/><ref name="km"/><ref>{{cite news|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/music/street-lights-song-has-crispin-and-sonia-making-a-comeback/articleshow/62600942.cms|access-date=14 February 2018|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|author=Deepa Soman|title='Street Lights' song has Crispin and Sonia making a comeback!|date=22 January 2018 }}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| headline = Soundtrack
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kaalamellam
| lyrics1 = Manu Manjith
| extra1 = [[Haricharan]]
| length1 = 3:27
| title2 =
| extra2 =
| title3 =
| extra3 =
| title4 =
| extra4=
}}

==Release==
In November 2017, it was reported that release of the film is rescheduled to January 2018 because of the Telugu dubbing works.<ref name="htrl"/><ref name="nmrl"/><ref name="kmrl"/> Malayalam version was released on 26 January 2018 in India and [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]] countries.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
* {{facebook|StreetLightsTheMovie}} (Malayalam)
*{{facebook|StreetLights.Tamil}} (Tamil)
* {{IMDb title|id=tt6680730}}
* {{Metacritic film|title=Street Lights}}

[[Category:2018 films]]
[[Category:2018 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian multilingual films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Kochi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Pollachi]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:2018 multilingual films]]
[[Category:2018 thriller films]]
[[Category:2018 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Neha Nair]]
[[Category:Films scored by Yakzan Gary Pereira]]
[[Category:Unreleased Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language thriller films]]

Reliance Entertainment

2026-03-03T07:06:18Z

Ledx: adjusted citations per standard format as per guidelines

{{Short description|Indian media and entertainment company}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Reliance Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.
| former_names = Reliance BIG Entertainment (2005–2009), BIG Pictures (2005–2009), Reliance BIG Pictures (2009–2010){{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
| logo = Reliance Entertainment.svg
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]
| slogan =
| foundation = {{start date and age|2005|2|15|df=y}}
| location = [[Mumbai, Maharashtra]], India
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Anil Ambani]] ([[chairman]]) [[Tina Ambani]] (director)
| num_employees =
| industry = {{hlist|[[Entertainment]]|[[Mass media]]}}
| products = {{hlist|[[Film]]s|[[Web series]]|[[Animation]]|Digital|[[Video game|Gaming]]}}
| parent = [[Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group]]
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.relianceentertainment.com/|Reliance Entertainment}}
}}

'''Reliance Entertainment Pvt. Ltd.''' is an Indian media and entertainment company. It is a division of [[Reliance Group]], handling its media and entertainment business, across content and distribution platforms. The company was founded on 15 February 2005, as two entities, namely Reliance Big Entertainment and BIG Pictures. Four years later the two companies were merged into Reliance BIG Pictures in 2009, and the company's name was changed to Reliance Entertainment the following year.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}

The key content initiatives are across movies, music, sports, gaming, Internet & mobile portals, leading to direct opportunities in delivery across the emerging digital distribution platforms: digital cinema, IPTV, DTH and mobile TV.{{citation needed|date=July 2025}}

== Subsidiaries ==
=== Current ===
* Storyteller Holding Co., LLC<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1297401/000119312516450671/d277745dex991.htm |title=EX-99.1 |website=sec.gov |access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref> ([[Amblin Partners]]) (investor, 20%)
** [[Amblin Entertainment]] – Family-Friendly Label
** [[DreamWorks Pictures]] – Mature Label
** [[Amblin Television]] – Television Division
** Storyteller Distribution Co. LLC – Copyright Holder
* Reliance Animation (formerly BIG Animation) – (Airtight Info media)
* Reliance Home Video & Games – Home Video Division
* [[Big Music (record label)|Reliance BIG Music]] – Record Label Division
* [[BIG Star Entertainment Awards]]
* Jump Games (ParadoX Studios)
* [[Lava Bear Films]]
* Riverstone Pictures
* [[Reliance Games]] – Mobile Games Development Studio
* Reliance Media Works Ltd
** Reliance [[ND Studios]]
** [[Big Synergy]] – Non Fiction TV Production Division
** [[Reliance MediaWorks]] (formerly [[Lowry Digital]])
* Reliance Media Works Studio – Filmcity [[Mumbai]]
* [[Talenthouse]]
* Window Seat Films
* Digital Domain

=== Former ===
* [[IM Global]] – 80% sold to Tang Media Partners in 2016; merged with [[Open Road Films]] into [[Global Road Entertainment]] in 2017
** AutoMatik (joint venture with [[Entertainment One]])
** IM Global Television – Television division
* [[Codemasters]] (29% owned until January 2021)<ref>{{cite web |title=Anil Ambani group co raises ₹1,700 cr in London listing |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/anil-ambani-group-co-raises-1700-cr-in-london-listing/article24060558.ece |website=Business Line |date=June 2018 |access-date=28 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/ea-has-officially-completed-its-purchase-of-codemasters/ |title=EA has officially completed its purchase of Codemasters |first=Andy |last=Robinson |date=18 February 2021 |website=[[Video Games Chronicle]] |access-date=18 February 2021 |archive-date=18 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218140837/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/ea-has-officially-completed-its-purchase-of-codemasters/ |url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Phantom Films]] – sold to [[Madhu Mantena]] and Sheetal Talwar in 2022; renamed to Phantom Studios<ref>{{cite web |title=Phantom Films' gets revived by new owners, Madhu Mantena and Sheetal Talwar |website=[[The Times of India]] |first=Vicky |last=Lalwani |date=1 March 2022 |access-date=20 February 2023 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/phantom-films-gets-revived-by-new-owners-madhu-mantena-and-sheetal-talwar-exclusive/articleshow/89925411.cms |archive-date=20 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220160725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/phantom-films-gets-revived-by-new-owners-madhu-mantena-and-sheetal-talwar-exclusive/articleshow/89925411.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
{{prose|date=January 2016}}
* Reliance forayed into the largely untapped video rental market in India by launching [[Bigflix]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anil-ambani-news.newslib.com/story/2575-3242169/ |title=Anil Ambani eyes video rental business |publisher=Anil-ambani-news.newslib.com |access-date=24 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20120125180750/http://anil-ambani-news.newslib.com/story/2575-3242169/ |archive-date=25 January 2012 }}</ref>
* The company plans to launch TV Channels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anil-ambani-news.newslib.com/story/2575-3242167/ |title=Anil Ambani to launch 20 TV channels |publisher=Anil-ambani-news.newslib.com |access-date=24 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120708172851/http://anil-ambani-news.newslib.com/story/2575-3242167/ |archive-date=8 July 2012 }}</ref>
* On 15 July 2009, Reliance and [[Steven Spielberg]] announced a joint venture with funding of $825 million.<ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Anil-Ambani-to-provide-Rs-4K-cr-to-Spielberg-for-films/articleshow/4781120.cms Anil Ambani meets Spielberg; to provide Rs 4,000 cr for films] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718175637/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Anil-Ambani-to-provide-Rs-4K-cr-to-Spielberg-for-films/articleshow/4781120.cms |date=18 July 2009 }} [[The Economic Times]].</ref>
* Big 92.7 FM launched a radio station in Singapore considering 8% of the population residing there is Indian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/report.asp?newsid=1173264 |title=Anil Ambani Group launches radio station in Singapore DNA |work=Daily News and Analysis |date=24 June 2008 |access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref>
* On 5 April 2010, Reliance acquired a 50% stake in [[Codemasters]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Hinkle |first=David |url=http://www.joystiq.com/2010/04/05/reliance-big-entertainment-acquires-50-stake-in-codemasters/ |title=Reliance Big Entertainment acquires 50% stake in Codemasters |publisher=Joystiq |date=5 April 2010 |access-date=2 August 2010 |archive-date=5 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505072712/http://www.joystiq.com/2010/04/05/reliance-big-entertainment-acquires-50-stake-in-codemasters |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 28 May 2010, the company achieved the first ever Hollywood box office market with the release of ''[[Kites (film)|Kites]]''.
* Reliance co-produced director [[Steven Spielberg]]'s film '' [[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]'', which was released worldwide on Christmas Day in 2011. Many other projects from the director also have the company as a producer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/reliance-spielberg-in-talks-over-2-bn-movie-venture/326882/ |title=Reliance, Spielberg in talks over $2 bn movie venture |work=The Financial Express |date=24 June 2008 |access-date=24 January 2012 |archive-date=25 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225182901/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/reliance-spielberg-in-talks-over-2-bn-movie-venture/326882 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In January 2012, it was announced that Reliance DreamWorks movies garnered 11 Oscar nominations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/media/entertainment-/entertainment/reliance-dreamworks-movies-garner-11-oscar-nominations/articleshow/11619943.cms |title=Reliance Dreamworks movies garner 11 Oscar nominations |work=The Economic Times |date=1 January 1970 |access-date=24 January 2012 |archive-date=27 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127150744/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/media/entertainment-/entertainment/reliance-dreamworks-movies-garner-11-oscar-nominations/articleshow/11619943.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
* In November 2014, the company announced plans to begin the acquisition process of the North American and European mobile game studios of [[DreamWorks Studios]] in early 2015.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-reliance-gaming-exclusive-idUSKCN0IY25120141115 Exclusive: India's Reliance Entertainment plans to acquire Western game studios in 2015]. [[Reuters]], 15 November 2014</ref>

== Films ==
=== Bengali ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Shob Charitro Kalponik]]''
| [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Bipasha Basu]], [[Paoli Dam]]
| Relationship Drama Film
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Abohomaan]]''
| [[Jisshu Sengupta]], [[Riya Sen]]
| Family Relation Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 3 | 2013
| ''[[Ganesh Talkies]]''
| [[Biswajit Chakraborty]], [[Raima Sen]]
| Family Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Deewana (2013 film)|Deewana]]''
| [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Srabanti Chatterjee]]
| Remake Of [[Deepavali (2007 film)|Deepavali]]
|-
| ''[[Boss: Born to Rule]]''
| [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]]
| Remake Of [[Businessman (film)|Businessman]]
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2014
| ''[[Chotushkone]]''
| [[Parambrata Chatterjee]], [[Payel Sarkar]]
| Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Game: He Plays To Win]]''
| [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]]
| Remake Of [[Thuppakki]]
|-
| ''[[Buno Haansh]]''
| [[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], [[Srabanti Chatterjee]], [[Tanusree Chakraborty]]
| Based On Buno Haansh (Novel)
|-
| ''[[Bachchan (2014 film)|Bachchan]]''
|[[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Aindrita Ray]], [[Payel Sarkar]]
| Remake Of [[Vishnuvardhana (film)|Vishnuvardhana]]
|-
| ''[[Jaatishwar]]''
| [[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
| Musical Drama Film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Ebar Shabor]]''
| [[Saswata Chatterjee]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
| Based On The Detective Story "Rin"
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Abhimaan (2016 film)|Abhimaan]]''
| [[Jeet (actor)|Jeet]], [[Subhashree Ganguly]], [[Sayantika Banerjee]]
| Remake Of [[Attarintiki Daredi]]
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Shonibar Bikel]]''
| [[Zahid Hasan (actor)|Zahid Hasan]], [[Nusrat Imroz Tisha]], [[Mamunur Rashid]]
| U.S. and Canadian distribution only<ref>{{cite web |title=Mostofa Sarwar Farooki's 'Saturday Afternoon' Scores U.S., Canada Release with CEPL, Reliance Entertainment |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |first=Naman |last=Ramachandran |date=20 February 2023 |access-date=8 July 2023 |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/mostofa-sarwar-farooki-saturday-afternoon-north-america-release-1235529434/ |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630095431/https://variety.com/2023/film/news/mostofa-sarwar-farooki-saturday-afternoon-north-america-release-1235529434/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2023
|''[[Bagha Jatin (2023 film)|Bagha Jatin]]''
|[[Dev (Bengali actor)|Dev]], Sreeja Dutta, [[Sudipta Chakraborty]]
|Overseas distribution
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''Durgapur Junction''
|[[Vikram Chatterjee]], [[Swastika Mukherjee]]
|Distributed along with SSR Cinemas
|-
|''Bohurup''
|[[Soham Chakraborty]], [[Idhika Paul]]
|Distributed along with SSR Cinemas
|-
|''[[Devi Chowdhurani (2025 film)|Devi Chowdhurani]]''
|[[Prosenjit Chatterjee]], [[Srabanti Chatterjee]]
|Distributed along with SSR Cinemas
|}

=== Hindi ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2008
| ''[[Singh Is Kinng]]''
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Katrina Kaif]]
| Action Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Rock On!!]]''
| [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Arjun Rampal]], [[Prachi Desai]]
| Rock Musical Drama Film
|-
| ''[[1920 (film)|1920]]''
| [[Rajneesh Duggal]], [[Adah Sharma]]
| Horror Film
|-
| ''[[Hulla]]''
| [[Rajat Kapoor]], [[Kartika Rane]]
| Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Karzzzz]]''
| [[Himesh Reshammiya]], [[Urmila Matondkar]]
| Remake Of [[Karz (1980 film)|Karz]] (1980)
|-
| rowspan = 8 | 2009
| ''[[Luck By Chance]]''
| [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Konkona Sen Sharma]], [[Rishi Kapoor]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]], [[Hrithik Roshan]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Yavarum Nalam|13B: Fear Has a New Address]]''
| [[R. Madhavan]], [[Neetu Chandra]]
| Psychological Horror Film
|-
| ''[[Kal Kissne Dekha]]''
| [[Jackky Bhagnani]], [[Nushrat Bharucha]]
| Copied From [[Next (2007 film)|Next]]
|-
| ''[[Sikandar (2009 film)|Sikandar]]''
| [[R. Madhavan]], [[Parzaan Dastur]]
| Crime Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Daddy Cool (2009 Hindi film)|Daddy Cool]]''
| [[Suniel Shetty]], [[Kim Sharma]]
| Copied From [[Death at a Funeral (2007 film)|Death At A Funeral]] Film
|-
| ''[[Do Knot Disturb]]''
| [[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]], [[Sushmita Sen]]
| Remake Of [[The Valet (2006 film)|The Valet]]
|-
| ''[[Paa (film)|Paa]]''
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Vidya Balan]]
| Comedy-Drama Film
|-
| ''[[3 Idiots]]''
| [[Aamir Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor]]
| Based On [[Five Point Someone]] (Novel)
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2010
| ''[[Well Done Abba]]''
| [[Boman Irani]], [[Minissha Lamba]]
| Remake Of [[Jau Tithe Khau]]
|-
| ''[[Aashayein]]''
| [[John Abraham]], [[Sonal Sehgal]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Raavan (2010 Hindi film)|Raavan]]''
| [[Abhishek Bachchan]], [[Aishwarya Rai]]
| Epic Adventure Film
|-
| ''[[Mirch]]''
| [[Shreyas Talpade]], [[Raima Sen]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Break Ke Baad]]''
| [[Imran Khan (Bollywood actor)|Imran Khan]], [[Deepika Padukone]]
| Romantic Comedy
|-
| rowspan = 7 | 2011
| ''[[Shagird (2011 film)|Shagird]]''
| [[Nana Patekar]], [[Anurag Kashyap]]
| Action Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Double Dhamaal]]''
| [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Kangana Ranaut]], [[Arshad Warsi]], [[Riteish Deshmukh]], [[Aashish Chaudhary]], [[Javed Jaffrey]], [[Mallika Sherawat]]
| Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Singham]]''
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Kajal Aggarwal]]
| Remake Of [[Singam]]
|-
| ''[[Phhir]]''
| [[Rajneesh Duggal]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Roshni Chopra]]
| Romance Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Aarakshan]]''
| [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Manoj Bajpayee]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Bodyguard (2011 Hindi film)|Bodyguard]]''
| [[Salman Khan]], [[Kareena Kapoor]]
| A Remake of his [[Body Guard (2010 film)|Body Guard]] (2010)
|-
| ''[[Don 2]]''
| [[Shah Rukh Khan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Lara Dutta]]
| Action Thriller Film
|-
| rowspan = 3 | 2012
| ''[[Dangerous Ishhq]]''
| [[Rajneesh Duggal]], [[Karisma Kapoor]]
| Supernatural Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[1920: The Evil Returns]]''
| [[Aftab Shivdasani]], [[Tia Bajpai]]
| Horror Film
|-
| ''[[Talaash: The Answer Lies Within]]''
| [[Aamir Khan]], [[Rani Mukerji]], [[Kareena Kapoor]]
| Psychological Horror Thriller
|-
| rowspan = 6 | 2013
| ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]''
| [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
| Crime Drama Film
|-
| ''[[I, Me Aur Main]]''
| [[John Abraham]], [[Prachi Desai]], [[Chitrangada Singh]]
| Romantic Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Zanjeer]]''
| [[Ram Charan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Atul Kulkarni]], [[Mahie Gill]], [[Prakash Raj]]
| A Remake of his [[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]] (1973), Crime Action Drama film; Bilingual
|-
| ''[[Besharam (2013 film)|Besharam]]''
| [[Ranbir Kapoor]], [[Pallavi Sharda]]
| Action Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Commando: A One Man Army]]''
| [[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Pooja Chopra]]
| Action Film
|-
| ''[[Sooper Se Ooper]]''
| [[Vir Das]], [[Kirti Kulhari]]
| Comedy Film
|-
| rowspan = 4 | 2014
| ''[[Total Siyapaa]]''
| [[Ali Zafar]], [[Yami Gautam]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Holiday: A Soldier Is Never Off Duty]]''
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Sonakshi Sinha]]
| Remake Of [[Thuppakki]]
|-
| ''[[Bobby Jasoos]]''
| [[Ali Fazal]], [[Vidya Balan]]
| Comedy-Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Singham Returns]]''
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Kareena Kapoor]]
| Action Film
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 2015
| ''[[Hawaizaada]]''
| [[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Pallavi Sharda]]
| Inspired By The Biography Of Shivkar Bapuji Talpade
|-
| ''[[Masaan]]''
| [[Richa Chadha]], [[Vicky Kaushal]], [[Shweta Tripathi]], [[Sanjay Mishra (actor)|Sanjay Mishra]]
| Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 8 | 2016
| ''[[1920 London]]''
| [[Sharman Joshi]], [[Meera Chopra]]
| Horror Film
|-
| ''[[Wazir (film)|Wazir]]''
| [[Farhan Akhtar]], [[Aditi Rao Hydari]]
| Crime Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Ghayal Once Again]]''
| [[Sunny Deol]], [[Soha Ali Khan]]
| Action Drama Film; co-distribution with [[PVR Pictures]] only
|-
| ''[[Te3n]]''
| [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Vidya Balan]]
| Remake Of [[Montage (2013 film)|Montage]]
|-
| ''[[Raman Raghav 2.0]]''
| [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Sobhita Dhulipala]]
| Neo-Noir Psychological Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Parched]]''
| [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]], [[Radhika Apte]], [[Adil Hussain]], [[Surveen Chawla]], [[Sayani Gupta]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Shivaay]]''
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Sayyeshaa]], [[Erika Kaar]], Abigail Eames, [[Vir Das]], [[Girish Karnad]], [[Saurabh Shukla]]
| Action Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Trapped (2016 Hindi film)|Trapped]]''
| [[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Geetanjali Thapa]]
| Survival Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 4 | 2017
| ''[[Running Shaadi]]''
| [[Amit Sadh]], [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| Romantic Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Commando 2: The Black Money Trail]]''
| [[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Esha Gupta]]
| Action Film
|-
| ''[[Naam Shabana]]''
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| Action Spy-Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Golmaal Again]]''
| [[Ajay Devgn]], [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
| Supernatural Action Comedy Film
|-
| rowspan = 6 | 2018
| ''[[1921 (2018 film)|1921]]''
| [[Karan Kundra]], [[Zareen Khan]]
| Horror Film
|-
| ''[[Aiyaary]]''
| [[Sidharth Malhotra]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]], [[Pooja Chopra]]
| Action Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Bhavesh Joshi Superhero]]''
| [[Harshvardhan Kapoor]], Shreiyah Sabharwal
| Vigilante Action Film; co-distribution with [[Eros International]]
|-
| ''[[Vishwaroopam II]]''
| [[Kamal Haasan]], [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| Action Film; co-distribution with [[Rohit Shetty]] Picturez of Hindi version only
|-
| ''[[Namaste England]]''
| [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Parineeti Chopra]]
| Romantic Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[Simmba]]''
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Sara Ali Khan]]
| Inspired From [[Temper (film)|Temper]]
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2019
| ''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]''
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Mrunal Thakur]]
| Based On [[Anand Kumar]]
|-
| ''[[Saand Ki Aankh]]''
| [[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| Biopical Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]''
| [[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Adah Sharma]], [[Angira Dhar]]
| Action Film
|-
| ''[[Panipat (film)|Panipat]]''
| [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Sanjay Dutt]], [[Kriti Sanon]]
| Epic War Film
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Love Aaj Kal (2020 film)|Love Aaj Kal]]''
| [[Kartik Aaryan]], [[Sara Ali Khan]], [[Randeep Hooda]]
| Romantic Drama Film
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2021
| ''[[The Girl on the Train (2020 film)|The Girl on the Train]]''
| [[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Aditi Rao Hydari]], [[Avinash Tiwary]], [[Kirti Kulhari]]
| Mystery thriller film; distributed by [[Netflix]]
|-
| ''[[Sooryavanshi]]''
| [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Katrina Kaif]]
| Action film
|-
| ''[[83 (film)|83]]''
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Tahir Raj Bhasin]], [[Pankaj Tripathi]]
| Based on [[1983 Cricket World Cup]]
|-
| rowspan="6" | 2022
|''[[Vikram Vedha (2022 film)|Vikram Vedha]]''
|[[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Saif Ali Khan]] and [[Radhika Apte]]
|Action thriller film
|-
| ''[[Cirkus (film)|Cirkus]]''
| [[Ranveer Singh]], [[Pooja Hegde]], [[Jacqueline Fernandez]]
| Uncredited; based on [[The Comedy of Errors]]
|-
|''[[Sherdil: The Pilibhit Saga]]''
|[[Pankaj Tripathi]]
|
|-
|''[[Operation Romeo (film)|Operation Romeo]]''
|[[Sidhant Gupta]]
|<ref>{{cite tweet |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |author-link=Taran Adarsh |user=taran_adarsh |number=1510646525919068161 |date=3 April 2022 |title='OPERATION ROMEO': NEERAJ PANDEY - RELIANCE UNVEIL TRAILER... #NeerajPandey, #ShitalBhatia [Friday Filmworks] and #RelianceEntertainment unveil the trailer of #OperationRomeo... Directed by #ShashantShah... #OperationRomeoTrailer: https://t.co/bCLSqqHdIt https://t.co/NZXD2TDm3H |language=en |access-date=14 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403155404/https://twitter.com/taran_adarsh/status/1510646525919068161 |archive-date=3 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thai Massage (film)|Thai Massage]]''
|[[Gajraj Rao]], [[Divyenndu]], [[Rajpal Yadav]]
|
|-
| ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]''
|[[Parineeti Chopra]], [[Harrdy Sandhu]]
|
|-
| rowspan="7"| 2023
|''[[Bholaa (2023 film)|Bholaa]]''
|[[Ajay Devgn]] [[Tabu (actress)|, Tabu]]
|
|-
|''[[IB71]]''
|[[Vidyut Jammwal]], [[Anupam Kher]]
|
|-
|''[[Ajmer 92]]''
|Karan Verma, Sumit Singh
|
|-
|''The Purvanchal Files''
|Siddharth Pandey, Shivani Thakur
|
|-
|''[[Faraaz (film)|Faraaz]]''
|[[Zahan Kapoor]], [[Aamir Ali]], [[Juhi Babbar]], [[Aditya Rawal]]
| rowspan="3" | International distribution only<ref>{{cite web |title=Reliance Entertainment Pacts With T-Series, Benaras Mediaworks for International Distribution of 'Faraaz,' 'Bheed,' 'Afwaah' |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |first=Naman |last=Ramachandran |date=3 February 2023 |access-date=3 February 2023 |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/faraaz-bheed-afwaah-reliance-entertainment-t-series-benaras-mediaworks-international-distribution-1235511504/ |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203115031/https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/faraaz-bheed-afwaah-reliance-entertainment-t-series-benaras-mediaworks-international-distribution-1235511504/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bheed]]''
|[[Rajkummar Rao]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]]
|-
|''[[Afwaah]]''
|[[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]], [[Bhumi Pednekar]]
|-
| 2024
|''[[Singham Again]]''
|[[Ajay Devgn]], [[Kareena Kapoor Khan]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Arjun Kapoor]], [[Tiger Shroff]], [[Akshay Kumar]], [[Ranveer Singh]]
|Action film
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Lahore 1947]]''
|[[Sunny Deol]], [[Shabana Azmi]], [[Preity Zinta]], Karan Deol, [[Ali Fazal]], [[Abhimanyu Singh]]
|Distribution Only
|}

=== Tamil ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Film
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2009
| ''[[Yavarum Nalam]]''
| [[R. Madhavan]], [[Neetu Chandra]]
| Psychological Horror Film
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2010
| ''[[Singam]]''
| [[Suriya]], [[Anushka Shetty]]
| Action Film
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 2011
| ''[[Yuvan Yuvathi]]''
| [[Bharath (actor)|Bharath]], [[Rima Kallingal]]
| Romantic Film
|-
| ''[[Osthe]]''
| [[Silambarasan]], [[Richa Gangopadhyay]]
| Remake Of [[Dabangg]]
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2012
| ''[[Eega|Naan Ee]]''
| [[Sudeep]], [[Samantha Akkineni]], [[Nani (actor)|Nani]]
| Fantasy Action Film
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2013
| ''[[David (2013 Hindi film)|David]]''
| [[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Jiiva]], [[Isha Sharvani]]
| Drama Film; partly dubbed
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2016
| ''[[Irudhi Suttru]]''
| [[R. Madhavan]], [[Ritika Singh]]
| Sports Action-Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 3 | 2019
| ''[[Dev (2019 film)|Dev]]''
| [[Karthi]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| Based On Road Adventure
|-
| ''[[NGK (film)|NGK]]''
| [[Suriya]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| Political Action Film
|-
| ''[[Game Over (2019 film)|Game Over]]''
| [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| Psychological Thriller Film
|-
| rowspan = 3 | 2021
| ''[[Aelay]]''
| [[Samuthirakani]]
| Comedy Drama film
|-
| ''[[Mandela (2021 film)|Mandela]]''
| [[Yogi Babu]]
| Comedy Drama film
|-
| ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]''
| [[Dhanush]]
| Action Thriller film
|-
|}

=== Telugu ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Genre(s)
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2009
| ''[[Saleem (film)|Saleem]]''
| [[Vishnu Manchu]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]]
| Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2011
| ''[[Money Money, More Money]]''
| [[Brahmanandam]]
| Comedy Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 2012
| ''[[Devudu Chesina Manushulu (2012 film)|Devudu Chesina Manushulu]]''
| [[Ravi Teja]], [[Ileana D'Cruz]]
| Fantasy-Action Comedy
|-
| ''[[Adhinayakudu]]''
| [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]], [[Raai Laxmi]]
| Telugu Action Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 4 | 2013
| ''[[Attarintiki Daredi]]''
| [[Pawan Kalyan]], [[Samantha Akkineni]], [[Pranitha Subhash]]
| Comedy Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Zanjeer (2013 film)|Toofan]]''
| [[Ram Charan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Prakash Raj]], [[Srihari]], [[Mahie Gill]]
| A Remake of his [[Zanjeer (1973 film)|Zanjeer]] (1973) Action Crime Drama Film; Bilingual
|-
| ''[[Sahasam (2013 film)|Sahasam]]''
| [[Gopichand (actor)|Gopichand]], [[Taapsee Pannu]]
|
|-
| ''[[Bhai (2013 film)|Bhai]]''
| [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Richa Gangopadhyay]]
| Action Drama Film
|-
| rowspan = 2 | 2014
| ''[[Manam (film)|Manam]]''
| [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Akkineni Nageswara Rao|ANR]], [[Naga Chaitanya]], [[Shriya Saran]], [[Samantha Akkineni]]
| Fantasy-Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Jump Jilani]]''
| [[Allari Naresh]], [[Isha Chawla]], [[Swathi Deekshith]]
| Comedy Drama Film; Remake of [[Kalakalappu]]
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2016
| ''[[Nannaku Prematho]]''
| [[N. T. Rama Rao Jr.]], [[Rakul Preet Singh]]
| Action Thriller Film
|-
| rowspan = 1 | 2019
| ''[[Game Over (2019 film)|Game Over]]''
| [[Taapsee Pannu]]
| Psychological Thriller Film
|-
|}

=== Kannada ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Ijjodu]]''
| [[Aniruddha Jatkar]], [[Meera Jasmine]]
| Drama Film
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Rana Vikrama]]''
| [[Puneeth Rajkumar]], [[Anjali (actress)|Anjali]], [[Adah Sharma]]
| Action Thriller Film
|}

=== Malayalam ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Kutty Srank]]''
| [[Mammootty]], [[Kamalinee Mukherjee]]
| Drama Film
|}

=== English ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2010
| ''[[Tucker & Dale vs. Evil]]''
| [[Tyler Labine]], [[Alan Tudyk]]
|
|-
| ''[[Kites (2010 film)|Kites]]''
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Bárbara Mori]]
| Romantic Action Thriller Film
|-
| ''[[Skyline (2010 film)|Skyline]]''
| [[Eric Balfour]], [[Scottie Thompson (actress)|Scottie Thompson]]
| Indian distribution only<ref name=rel />
|-
| ''[[The Fighter]]''
| [[Christian Bale]], [[Mark Wahlberg]]
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; Indian distribution only<ref name=rel>{{cite web |title=Reliance Entertainment |website=Reliance Entertainment |access-date=25 April 2022 |url=https://www.relianceentertainment.com//films/entertainment/ |archive-date=31 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131080145/https://www.relianceentertainment.com//films/entertainment/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dinner for Schmucks]]''
| [[Paul Rudd]], [[Steve Carell]]
|
|-
| rowspan = 9 | 2011
| ''[[I Am Number Four (film)|I Am Number Four]]''
| [[Alex Pettyfer]], [[Teresa Palmer]]
| Based On ''[[I Am Number Four]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[The Help (film)|The Help]]''
| [[Jessica Chastain]]
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; Based On ''[[The Help]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[Fright Night (2011 film)|Fright Night]]''
| [[Anton Yelchin]], [[Imogen Poots]]
| Remake Of ''[[Fright Night]]''
|-
| ''[[War Horse (film)|War Horse]]''
| [[David Thewlis]], [[Emily Watson]]
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; based on ''[[War Horse (novel)]]''
|-
| ''[[Scream 4]]''
| [[David Arquette]], [[Neve Campbell]]
| co-distribution with Cinergy Independent Film Services in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan only
|-
| ''[[Foster (film)|Foster]]''
| [[Toni Collette]], [[Ioan Gruffudd]]
|
|-
| ''[[Cowboys & Aliens]]''
| [[Daniel Craig]], [[Harrison Ford]]
|
|-
| ''[[Jesus Henry Christ]]''
| [[Jason Spevack]], [[Toni Collette]], [[Michael Sheen]], [[Samantha Weinstein]]
|
|-
| ''[[One Life (2011 film)|One Life]]''
| [[Daniel Craig]]
|
|-
| rowspan = 4 | 2012
| ''[[Safe (2012 film)|Safe]]''
| [[Jason Statham]], Catherine Chan
| Indian distribution only<ref name=rel />
|-
| ''[[People Like Us (2012 film)|People Like Us]]''
| [[Chris Pine]], [[Elizabeth Banks]]
| Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Dredd]]''
| [[Karl Urban]], [[Lena Headey]]
| Based on the ''[[2000 AD (comics)|2000 AD]]'' comic strip ''[[Judge Dredd]]'' and its eponymous character created by [[John Wagner]] and [[Carlos Ezquerra]]<ref name="Development1">{{cite web |first=Mike |last=Fleming |url=https://deadline.com/2010/05/reliance-bigs-judge-dredd-deal-makes-scifi-film-a-hot-cannes-pre-sale-title-39398/ |title=Reliance Big's 'Judge Dredd' Deal Makes Scifi Film a Hot Cannes Pre-Sale Title |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=3 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120924135346/http://www.deadline.com/2010/05/reliance-bigs-judge-dredd-deal-makes-scifi-film-a-hot-cannes-pre-sale-title/ |archive-date=24 September 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Development2">{{cite web |url=https://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=65968&offset=10 |title=Judge Dredd to Start Filming This Fall |work=comingsoon.net |publisher=[[CraveOnline]] |date=10 May 2010 |access-date=3 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224100656/http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=65968&offset=10 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lincoln (film)|Lincoln]]''
| [[Daniel Day-Lewis]], [[Sally Field]]
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; Inspired By ''[[Team of Rivals]]'' (Book)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prabhakar |first1=Binoy |title=Anil Ambani's Reliance Entertainment hits Oscar jackpot with Lincoln |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/anil-ambanis-reliance-entertainment-hits-oscar-jackpot-with-lincoln/articleshow/17997552.cms |access-date=3 April 2019 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=19 January 2013}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan = 7 | 2013
| ''[[The Last Stand (2013 film)|The Last Stand]]''
| [[Arnold Schwarzenegger]], [[Johnny Knoxville]]
| rowspan = 2 |Indian distribution only<ref name=rel />
|-
| ''[[Bullet to the Head]]''
| [[Sylvester Stallone]], [[Sung Kang]]
|-
| ''[[Rush (2013 film)|Rush]]''
| [[Chris Hemsworth]], [[Daniel Brühl]]
| Indian and Pakistani distribution only
|-
| ''[[The Fifth Estate (film)|The Fifth Estate]]''
| [[Benedict Cumberbatch]], [[Daniel Brühl]]
| Based On ''[[WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy|Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy]]'' (Book)
|-
| ''[[Delivery Man (film)|Delivery Man]]''
| [[Vince Vaughn]], [[Cobie Smulders]]
| Remake Of ''[[Starbuck (film)|Starbuck]]''
|-
| ''[[Walking with Dinosaurs (film)|Walking with Dinosaurs]]''
| [[Justin Long]], [[John Leguizamo]]
| Inspired by ''[[Walking with Dinosaurs]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lodderhose |first=Diana |url=https://variety.com/2010/biz/news/reliance-big-entertainment-bbc-pact-on-pic-trio-1118026696/ |title=Reliance Big Entertainment, BBC pact on pic trio |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date=1 November 2010}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Paranoia (2013 film)|Paranoia]]''
| [[Liam Hemsworth]], [[Gary Oldman]], [[Amber Heard]], [[Harrison Ford]]
|
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2014
| ''[[Need for Speed (film)|Need for Speed]]''
| [[Aaron Paul]], [[Imogen Poots]]
| Inspired by ''[[Need for Speed]]'' (Game)
|-
| ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey (film)|The Hundred-Foot Journey]]''
| [[Om Puri]], [[Helen Mirren]]
| Based On ''[[The Hundred-Foot Journey]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''Enchanted Kingdom''
| [[Idris Elba]]
|
|-
| ''[[Vampire Academy (film)|Vampire Academy]]''
| [[Zoey Deutch]], [[Lucy Fry]], [[Danila Kozlovsky]], [[Dominic Sherwood]]
|
|-
| ''[[Locke (film)|Locke]]''
| [[Tom Hardy]]
| Indian distribution only
|-
| rowspan = 5 | 2015
|''[[Self/less]]''
| [[Ryan Reynolds]], [[Ben Kingsley]]
| Indian distribution only<ref>{{cite web |title='Self/Less' to release in India on July 10 |website=[[Zee News]] |access-date=29 April 2023 |url=https://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/movies/self/less-to-release-in-india-on-july-10_1617008.html}}</ref>
|-
|''[[American Ultra]]''
| [[Kristen Stewart]], [[Jesse Eisenberg]]
| Indian distribution only<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2013 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |last=Yamato |first=Jen |title=AFM: Apsara Nabs ''American Ultra'' & ''The Night Comes for Us'' In Pan-Asia Pacts |url=https://deadline.com/2013/11/afm-2013-apsara-kristen-stewart-american-ultra-the-night-comes-for-us-633815/ |access-date=29 April 2023}}</ref><ref name=apsara>{{cite web |title=IM Global Inks Trio of Output Deals |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |first=Dave |last=McNary |date=19 March 2013 |access-date=29 April 2023 |url=https://variety.com/2013/film/global/im-global-inks-trio-of-output-deals-1200325450/}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Bridge of Spies (film)|Bridge of Spies]]''
| [[Tom Hanks]], [[Amy Ryan]]
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; Historical Drama Film
|-
| ''[[Broken Horses]]''
| [[Vincent D'Onofrio]], [[Anton Yelchin]], [[Chris Marquette]]
|
|-
| ''[[Secret in Their Eyes]]''
| [[Julia Roberts]], [[Nicole Kidman]], [[Chiwetel Ejiofor]]
| Indian distribution only
|-
| rowspan = 6 | 2016
| [[The BFG (2016 film)|''The BFG'']]
| [[Mark Rylance]], [[Ruby Barnhill]]
| Based On ''[[The BFG]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[The Light Between Oceans (film)|The Light Between Oceans]]''
| [[Michael Fassbender]], [[Alicia Vikander]]
| Drama Romance Film
|-
| ''[[The Girl on the Train (2016 film)|The Girl on the Train]]''
| [[Justin Theroux]], [[Emily Blunt]]
| Based On ''[[The Girl on the Train (novel)|The Girl on the Train]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[Office Christmas Party]]''
| [[Jason Bateman]], [[Olivia Munn]]
| Comedy Film
|-
| ''[[The Sea of Trees]]''
| [[Matthew McConaughey]], [[Ken Watanabe]], [[Naomi Watts]]
| Indian and Pakistani distribution only
|-
| ''[[Solace (2015 film)|Solace]]''
| [[Colin Farrell]], [[Anthony Hopkins]]
| Indian distribution only
|-
| rowspan = 4 | 2017
| ''[[Viceroy's House (film)|Viceroy's House]]''
| [[Hugh Bonneville]], [[Gillian Anderson]]
| Historical Drama Film
|-
| ''[[A Dog's Purpose (film)|A Dog's Purpose]]''
| [[KJ Apa]], [[Britt Robertson]]
| Based On ''[[A Dog's Purpose (novel)|A Dog's Purpose]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[Ghost in the Shell (2017 film)|Ghost in the Shell]]''
| [[Pilou Asbæk]], [[Scarlett Johansson]]
| Based On ''[[Ghost in the Shell (manga)|Ghost in the Shell]]''
|-
| ''[[Thank You for Your Service (2017 film)|Thank You for Your Service]]''
| [[Miles Teller]], [[Haley Bennett]]
| Based On ''[[Thank You for Your Service (book)|Thank You for Your Service]]'' (Book)
|-
| rowspan= 3 | 2018
| ''[[Entebbe (film)|7 Days in Entebbe]]''
| [[Daniel Brühl]], [[Rosamund Pike]]
| Indian distribution only<ref name=rel />
|-
| ''[[The House with a Clock in Its Walls (film)|The House with a Clock in Its Walls]]''
| [[Jack Black]], [[Cate Blanchett]]
| Based On ''[[The House with a Clock in Its Walls]]'' (Novel)
|-
| ''[[Green Book (film)|Green Book]]''
| [[Mahershala Ali]], [[Viggo Mortensen]]
| Winner of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; Indian and Pakistani distribution only, re-released in India on 1 March 2019<ref>{{cite web |title=Three Oscar award winner 'Green Book' to re-release in India by Reliance Entertainment |website=The Indian Wire |date=28 February 2019 |access-date=25 April 2022 |url=https://www.theindianwire.com/entertainment/green-book-release-reliance-entertainment-106139/}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan= 2 | 2019
| ''[[A Dog's Journey (film)|A Dog's Journey]]''
| [[Henry Lau]], [[Marg Helgenberger]]
| Based On [[A Dog's Journey]] (Book)
|-
| ''[[1917 (2019 film)|1917]]''
| [[George MacKay (actor)|George MacKay]], Claire Duburcq
| Nominee of the [[Academy Award for Best Picture]]; War Film
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Come Play]]''
| [[Gillian Jacobs]], [[John Gallagher Jr.]], Azhy Robertson, [[Winslow Fegley]]
| Based On ''Larry'' (Short Film)
|-
| 2021
| ''[[Finch (film)|Finch]]''
| [[Tom Hanks]], [[Caleb Landry Jones]]
|
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2022
| ''[[Easter Sunday (film)|Easter Sunday]]''
| [[Jo Koy]], [[Lou Diamond Phillips]]
|
|-
| ''[[The Good House (film)|The Good House]]''
| [[Sigourney Weaver]], [[Kevin Kline]]
|
|-
| ''[[The Fabelmans]]''
| [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]], [[Paul Dano]]
|
|-
| 2023
| ''[[The Last Voyage of the Demeter]]''
| [[Corey Hawkins]], [[Aisling Franciosi]]
|
|-
| 2024
| ''[[Long Distance (2024 film)|Long Distance]]''
| [[Anthony Ramos]], [[Naomi Scott]]
|
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Hamnet (film)|Hamnet]]''
| [[Jessie Buckley]], [[Paul Mescal]]
| Indian distribution only<ref>{{cite web|title='Hamnet' Heads to India Via Reliance Entertainment as Awards Buzz Builds|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Naman|last=Ramachandran|date=10 December 2025|access-date=10 December 2025|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/hamnet-india-reliance-entertainment-1236605141/}}</ref>
|}

=== French ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| 2017
| ''[[:fr:Tout là-haut|To the Top]]''
| [[Kev Adams]], [[Vincent Elbaz]]
| Comedy-drama film
|-
|}

=== Spanish ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Name
! Cast
! Note(s)
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Kites (2010 film)|Kites]]''
| [[Hrithik Roshan]], [[Bárbara Mori]]
| Romantic Action Thriller Film
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website}}

{{Reliance Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Reliance Entertainment| ]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies of India]]
[[Category:Film distributors of India]]
[[Category:Film production companies of India]]
[[Category:Film production companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Entertainment companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 2005]]
[[Category:Reliance Group subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Producers who won the Best Film on Other Social Issues National Film Award]]
[[Category:2005 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Sri Ramakrishna Darshanam

2026-03-03T03:24:34Z

Ledx: Creating entry

{{Short description|2012 Indian film by G N Dass}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sri Ramakrishna Darshanam
| image = Sri Ramakrishna Darshanam poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = G N Dass
| producer = G N Dass
| writer =
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]]|[[Delhi Ganesh]]|Ravindranath|Suraj|[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]|[[Uma (actress)|Uma]]}}
| music =
| cinematography =
| editing =
| studio = G.N.D. Vision International Private Limited
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|08|10}}
| runtime = 140 minutes
| country = {{ubl|[[Singapore]]|[[India]]}}
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Sri Ramakrishna Darshanam''''' is a 2012 [[Tamil-language|Tamil]]-language [[biographical film]] based on the life and philosophy of 19th century [[Bengal]]i mystic saint [[Ramakrishna]]. The film was directed by G N Dass produced by G.N.D. Vision International Private Limited. The film had screened in [[Chennai]] before being shared 17 August as a part of the 150th anniversary of the birth of [[Swami Vivekananda]].<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |date=15 August 2012 |title=Feature film on Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/feature-film-on-sri-ramakrishna-paramahamsa/article3773805.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131004161220/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/feature-film-on-sri-ramakrishna-paramahamsa/article3773805.ece |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |work=[[The Hindu]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
{{Quote box
|quote = I wanted to give something back to the society, and this is my humble offering.{{Sfn |Editorial |2013 |p=4}}
|source = G N Dass on the film
|align = right
|width = 30%
|border = 1px
|fontsize =
|bgcolor =
|title_bg =
|title_fnt =
|quoted = 1
|salign = right
}}
The film attempts to cover the entire eventful life of Ramakrishna. It starts with the birth of Ramakrishna (Gadadhar Chattopadhyay) at [[Kamarpukur]], [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]] and his childhood, but mainly focuses on his spiritual development. Young Gadadhar rejects conventional education system, stops going to school and spends most of the time in studying Indian mythological scriptures such as [[Ramayana]], [[Mahabharata]], [[Puranas]]. He also starts meditating.

In the youth, he comes to Calcutta (now the city is known as [[Kolkata]]) and gets appointed as the priest of Dakshineswar Kali Temple. Very soon he starts ignoring his responsibilities in the temple and starts concentrating mainly on spiritual practices. He goes to the nearby forest and meditates for days.

Finally Ramakrishna attains fulfilment in his ''[[sadhana]]'' and becomes popular as the mystic saint of Dakshineswar. Many people come to him to learn about spirituality and ''[[Bhakti Yoga]]''. He meets [[Swami Vivekananda|Narendranath Datta]] too whom he prepares to dedicate himself for the welfare of humanity. Ramakrishna develops throat cancer, but he continues to preach and attend his devotees, neglecting his health till his death.

==Cast==
* Vicnesh as Ramakrishna as a child
* [[Sashikumar Subramani|Sashikumar]] as [[Ramakrishna]]
* [[Delhi Ganesh]]
* Ravindranath
* Suraj
* Lakshmi
* [[Uma (actress)|Uma]]

== Production ==
The film was directed and produced by G N Dass, a 74-year-old Singaporean, under his banner G.N.D. Vision International Private Limited. Dass stated the film "is not a commercial movie" and that "a film covering the entire life of Sri Ramakrishna, right from his childhood, was never made before" and that's why they decided to make this movie to spread the vision and teachings of Ramakrishna.<ref name="GND Vision International Pte Ltd release">{{Cite web |title=GND Vision International Pte Ltd release |url=http://www.ramakrishnadarshanam.org/GND-Support.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012032927/http://www.ramakrishnadarshanam.org/GND-Support.pdf |archive-date=12 October 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |publisher=GND Vision International Pte Ltd}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film released in Tamil (original) and Hindi language (dubbed) on 17 August 2012 and was shown in Singapore and India. The film was released as a part of the 150th anniversary of the birth of [[Swami Vivekananda]] and marked the anniversary celebration in Singapore.<ref name="The Hindu" />{{Sfn |Editorial |2013 |p=3}}

On 24 November 2012 the film was screened at University Cultural Center in Singapore where Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] watched the film.{{Sfn |Editorial |2013 |p=3}}

== Reception ==
{{Film and game ratings
| rev1 = ''[[The Times of India]]''
| rev1score = {{Rating|3|5}}
}}

The film was released as a part of the 150th anniversary of the birth of [[Swami Vivekananda]] and marked the anniversary celebration in Singapore.<ref name="The Hindu" />{{Sfn |Editorial |2013}}
Upon release the film received mixed and mainly positive reviews. Indian newspaper ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the movie 3 out of 5 stars and commented the film was interesting, though the director had nothing new to offer. They told the acting in the film was satisfactory and Sashikumar's acting was "okay". They concluded their review with "if what you are looking to get a brief account of the mystic's life, this one is eminently recommended.".<ref name="ToI review">{{Cite news |date=12 August 2012 |title=Sri Ramakrishna Dharisanam review |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sri-Ramakrishna-Dharisanam/movie-review/15531877.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131004162518/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/tamil/movie-reviews/Sri-Ramakrishna-Dharisanam/movie-review/15531877.cms |archive-date=4 October 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==References==

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
* {{Cite web |last=Editorial |year=2013 |title=Nirvana 2013 issue Jan-Mar |url=http://ramakrishna.org.sg/rkmsg/wp-content/uploads/Nirvana-2013-Issue-76-Jan-Mar-.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042302/http://ramakrishna.org.sg/rkmsg/wp-content/uploads/Nirvana-2013-Issue-76-Jan-Mar-.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=4 October 2013 |publisher=Ramakrishna Mission Singapore}}

{{Ramakrishna}}
{{Swami Vivekananda}}

[[Category:2012 films]]
[[Category:2012 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Singaporean drama films]]
[[Category:Ramakrishna]]
[[Category:2012 Singaporean films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Singaporean films]]

Nasvadi State

2026-02-28T16:37:38Z

Ledx: started new entry - done

{{Short description|Princely state}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2015}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|native_name =
|conventional_long_name =Nasvadi State
|common_name =Nasvadi
|nation = [[British India]]
|subdivision = [[Princely State]]
|era =
|year_start =
|date_start =
|event_start=
|year_end = 1948
|date_end =
|event_end= [[Independence of India|Accession to the Union of India]]
|event1 =
|date_event1 =
|p1 =
|s1 = India
|flag_p1 =
|flag_s1 = Flag of India.svg
|image_flag =
|image_coat =
|image_map = File:Rewa_Kantha_Agency_with_all_Princely_States_Gujarat_during_British_India_1811-1937_with_labels.svg
|image_map_caption = Location of Nasvadi
|stat_area1 =50.505
|stat_year1 =1931
|stat_pop1 =6 536
|footnotes =
}}

'''Nasvadi State''' was a minor [[princely state]] during the [[British Raj]] in what is today [[Gujarat State]] India. It was initially administered by the [[Rewa Kantha Agency]]<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 264, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n295/mode/2up</ref> and then by the [[Baroda and Gujarat States Agency]].<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1935, p. 102,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.275347/page/n111/mode/2up</ref> It was part of the 28 Princely States making up the [[Sankheda Mehwas]], estates dating from the fall of Pawagadh in 1484, by Rajputts settling on the south of the territory near the town of Sankheda, from which the Sankheda Mehwas derive their name.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref> The state had a population of 6 536 and an area of 19.5 sq miles.<ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1940, p. 24, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35376/page/n33/mode/2up</ref>

==History==

The state of [[Baroda]] had imposed a tribute on the Sankheda Mewas, it's extraction causing British intervention in 1822, brokering an agreement where the [[Gaekwar]] received tribute from the states, while their independence was recognised by Baroda, which also promised to respect the petty states' rights.<ref>Memoranda On Native State In India 1909, p. 272,
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108717/page/n303/mode/2up</ref>

===Princely State===

Before independence, during [[British India]], [http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/nasvadi#present-ruler Nasvadi] was a [[Princely State]] of India, ruled by [[Hindu]] rulers of [[Solanki (clan)|Solanki]] clan of [[Rajput]]s. The princely state of [http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/nasvadi#present-ruler Nasvadi] was spread over an area of 51 km2.<ref>[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~royalty/ips/n/nasvadi.html Nasvadi Princely State]</ref> [http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/nasvadi#present-ruler Nasvadi] was a tributary state under [[Gaekwad]]s of [[Baroda State|Baroda]].

=== Rulers ===

The Rulers held the title of Thakur.

* Thakur Mansinhji (b. October 6, 1881) Jan 11th 1884 <ref>Memoranda On Native States In Indian 1915, p. 234
https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35687/page/n239/mode/2up</ref> -fl. 1927 <ref>The Indian states : corrected up to the 1st January 1927, p. 42, https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.03160/page/41/mode/2up</ref>
* Thakur Shri Kishorsinhji Mansinhji (b. March 12, 1913) June 28, 1929-fl. 1940 <ref>Memoranda On The Indian States 1940, p. 24, https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35376/page/n33/mode/2up</ref>

==Present status==

===Taluka===

At present, Nasvadi is name of a [[Taluka]] of Chota Udaipur District of Gujarat, which has 220 villages under its jurisdiction. It used to be a part of the [[Vadodara District]]. But after the formation of new [[Chhota Udaipur district]] on 26 January 2013 for decentralisation, it joined the new district.<ref>[http://vadodaradp.gujarat.gov.in/vadodara/english/nasavadi.htm Nasvadi Taluka : Vadodara : Gujarat Government]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiastudychannel.com/india/pincodes/Taluks-722-Naswadi.aspx |title=Pincodes and post offices in Nasvadi Taluk |access-date=14 November 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042333/http://www.indiastudychannel.com/india/pincodes/Taluks-722-Naswadi.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Modi Announces Creation of New District|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=774814|accessdate=23 February 2013|newspaper=Outlook|date=10 September 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105102113/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=774814|archivedate=5 November 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The taluka has Central Bank of India and State Bank of India Branches and also other public sector banks. It also has private banks.

===Village===

Nasvadi is also name of a village in the Taluka, which is 1.6 km from Taluka Head office, which incidentally also is known by name of Nasvadi (town).

===Town===

Nasvadi town, the Taluka headquarters, is 71 km from [[Vadodara]]. It is 173 km from its State capital [[Gandhinagar]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

{{Princely states of the Baroda and Gujarat States Agency}}

{{coord missing|Gujarat}}

{{Short description|Village in Gujarat, India}}

[[Category:Villages in Chhota Udaipur district]]
[[Category:Princely states of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Chhota Udaipur district]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948]]

Tumaba

2026-02-26T07:29:55Z

Ledx: Creating a stub...

{{Short description|Second ruler of the Khuman dynasty}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Tumaba
| title = Khuman Ningthou
| reign = est. 220 CE – 260 CE
| predecessor = [[Aalong]]
| successor = [[Lungba]]
| spouse = Nganurol Thong-ngaiba Chanu
| dynasty = [[Khuman dynasty]]
| father = [[Aalong]]
| mother = Chinphuren Leitanglen Chinkhubi
| religion = [[Sanamahism]]
}}
{{Khuman Kingdom}}
{{Meitei people}}'''Tumaba''' (also spelled '''Tumaapa''' or '''Tumapa'''), also known as '''Tumahaba''' was the second recorded ruler of the early [[Khuman dynasty]] in ancient [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]]).<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra">{{Cite book |last=Khelchandra Singh |first=Ningthoukhongjam |author-link=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466994/page/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AD/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Kangleirol |date=1980 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |location=India |language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra">{{Cite book |last=Kullachandra Sharma |first=B |author-link=Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466468/page/10/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |location=India |language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron">{{Cite book |last=Ibobi |first=Laikhuram |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465221/page/n9/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |location=India |language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba">{{Cite book |last=Kullachandra |first=B. |author-link=Bachaspatimayum Jayantakumar Sharma |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465404/page/n9/mode/thumb |title=Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba |date=1989-03-15 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |location=India |language=mni}}</ref> He succeeded the Khuman polity's founder, his father, Aalong. The traditional estimation of Tumaba's reign falls between 220 and 260 CE, a time when the previously cohesive [[List of Khuman and Luwang common ancestral monarchs|Khuman–Luwang lineage]] broke up into distinct dynastic sovereignties.<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra" /><ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra" /><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron" /><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba" />

== See also ==
* [[Khuman dynasty]]
* [[Aalong]]
* [[Pamingnaba]]
* [[Khuyoi Tompok]]
* [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
* [[Luwang dynasty]]
* [[Yek Salai]]
* [[Poireiton]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Khuman kings]]
[[Category:3rd-century Indian monarchs]]

Craspedocephalus travancoricus

2026-02-24T15:09:16Z

Ledx: put up first pg w/ infobox

{{Short description|Species of Indian snake}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Travancore_pit_viper_(1).jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| genus = Craspedocephalus
| species = travancoricus
| authority = Mallik, Srikanthan, Ganesh, Vijayakumar, Campbell, Malhotra, & Shanker, 2021
}}

'''''Craspedocephalus travancoricus''''', [[Common name|commonly known]] as '''Travancore pit viper''', is a [[venom]]ous [[species]] of [[Arboreal locomotion|arboreal]] [[pit viper]] from [[India]] named after the Travancore hills it inhabits.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Mallik |first1=Ashok Kumar |last2=Srikanthan |first2=Achyuthan Needamangalam |last3=Ganesh |first3=Sumaithangi Rajagopalan |last4=Vijayakumar |first4=Seenapuram Palaniswamy |last5=Campbell |first5=Patrick D. |last6=Malhotra |first6=Anita |last7=Shanker |first7=Kartik |date=6 October 2021 |title=Resolving pitfalls in pit viper systematics – A multi-criteria approach to species delimitation in pit vipers (Reptilia, Viperidae, Craspedocephalus) of Peninsular India reveals cryptic diversity |url=https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/article/66239/ |journal=Vertebrate Zoology |language=en |volume=71 |pages=577–619 |doi=10.3897/vz.71.e66239 |doi-access=free |issn=2625-8498}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Craspedocephalus travancoricus |url=http://reptile-database.reptarium.cz/species?genus=Craspedocephalus&species=travancoricus&search_param=((taxon='Serpentes')) |access-date=25 August 2024 |website=The Reptile Database}}</ref>

== Description ==
''Craspedocephalus travancoricus'' displays a slender, cylindrical body with around 34.5 to 28 cm snout to vent length, a tail around 6 cm long and a head around 2 cm long. It can also be distinguished from other [[snake]]s by its specific [[Snake scale|scale]] count and shapes as well as its colouring, with the top of its head almost covered in dark brown to purplish brown colour with a light yellowish green border, its body being a faded green marbled with brown and its tail having 13 yellow-green bands. Its eyes are also silverish with a yellow tint, displaying red blotches throughout the eye concentrating towards the middle.<ref name=":0" />

''C. travancoricus'' is also known to have multiple [[Polymorphism (biology)|colour morphs]] – green, brown, green-brown, orange and grey-black.<ref name=":0" />

== Habitat ==
Being an arboreal snake, ''Craspedocephalus travancoricus'' is often found in [[Shrub|bushes]] and [[undergrowth]] near [[stream]]s in [[forest]]s.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
<references />

{{Taxonbar|from=Q111040785}}

[[Category:Craspedocephalus|travancoricus]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 2021]]
[[Category:Snakes of India]]

Shaan-e-Bhopal Express

2026-02-23T10:02:14Z

Ledx: updated

{{Italic title}}{{distinguish|Bhopal Express (film)}}
{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = Shaan-e-Bhopal Superfast Express
| image = Bhopal Express TB.png
| caption =
| type = [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]]
| status = Running
| operator = [[West Central Railway zone|West Central Railway]]
| first = {{start date and age|1999|05|23}}
| start = {{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}} (RKMP)
| stops = 8
| end = {{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}} (NZM)
| distance = {{convert|702|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 10 hrs 55 mins
| class = AC first, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
| seating = Yes
| sleeping = Yes
| catering = Available
| baggage = Available
| observation = Large windows
| otherfacilities = Below the seats
| trainnumber = 12155 / 12156
| stock = [[LHB coach]]
| gauge = [[Broad Gauge]]
| speed = {{convert|74|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
| map = {{routemap|inline=1|map=
ENDEa~~{{stnlnk|Hazrat Nizamuddin}}
STR+GRZq~~[[NCT Delhi|Delhi]] – [[Uttar Pradesh]] border
BHF~~{{stnlnk|Agra Cantonment}}
STR+GRZq~~[[Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Madhya Pradesh]] border
HST~~{{stnlnk|Morena}}
BHF~~[[Gwalior Junction]]
STR+GRZq~~[[Madhya Pradesh]] – [[Uttar Pradesh]] border
BHF~~{{stnlnk|Jhansi Junction}}
STR+GRZq~~[[Uttar Pradesh]] – [[Madhya Pradesh]] border
BHF~~[[Bina Junction]]
HST~~{{stnlnk|Ganj Basoda}}
HST~~{{stnlnk|Vidisha}}
BHF~~{{stnlnk|Bhopal Junction}}
KBHFe~~{{stnlnk|Rani Kamalapati}}
}}
}}

The 12155 / 12156 '''Hazrat Nizamuddin–Rani Kamalapati Express''' (also '''Shaan-e-Bhopal''') is a Daily [[Superfast Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train service, connecting [[Bhopal]], the capital of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India and [[New Delhi]]. It has the distinction of being the fastest 'non-[[Shatabdi Express|Shatabdi]]', 'non-[[Rajdhani Express|Rajdhani]]' and 'non-[[Sampark Kranti Express|Sampark Kranti]]' train in India. The '''Shaan–E–Bhopal Express''' is the prestigious, one of the "first" ISO 9002 certified train of India, having high security features and high priority on the Indian Railways. The train is known for its cleanliness and maintenance also defining mindset of Bhopal which itself is cleanest state capital in India.

Bhopal Express along with [[Shram Shakti Express]], [[Prayagraj Express]], [[Shiv Ganga Express]] and [[Lucknow Mail]] enjoys highest priority all over the route.

It covers the distance of 702 kilometres between [[Rani Kamalapati railway station]] and [[Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station]] in [[Delhi]] in nine hours and twenty minutes (9 hours 20 minutes) and in return journey covers the same distance in 9 hours 40 minutes (9 hours 40 mins). Due to its convenient timings, it is a highly preferred train for passengers commuting to and from Bhopal and Nizamuddin (Delhi).

==Journey==

Train no 12155 (Down) departs Rani Kamalapati, Bhopal and reaches Hazrat Nizamuddin, New Delhi the following morning.

The return journey train 12156 (Up) departs Hazrat Nizamuddin, New Delhi and reaches Rani Kamalapati, Bhopal the following morning. The train travels 702 km from Hazrat Nizamuddin, New Delhi to Rani Kamalapati, Bhopal

==Traction==
As the route is fully electrified, it is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tughlakabad]]-based [[WAP-7]] locomotive end to end.

==Features==

The train is hauled by a [[Electric Loco Shed, Tuglakabad|Tuglakabad]] [[WAP-7]] locomotive. Bhopal Express is India's first ISO 9000-2001 certified train.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20030002786 |title=ISO certificate |accessdate=2007-04-05}}</ref>

Its AC First Class, AC 2-tier, AC 3-tier coach as well as the Sleeper coaches were [[GPS]] enabled and provide information such as current train speed, distance to final destination, distance to next stop, stoppage station name and timing performance on an [[LCD]]. The train also had special facility of mini pantry and library erstwhile for the people and was beautifully decorated with photos of heritage sites and also had coach fresheners.But now after LHBfication all these things are absent.The train is very well known for its punctuality, speed and maintenance.

==Coach composition==

Loco HCP SLR GS GS S6 S5 S4 S3 S2 S1 M1 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 A2 A1 H1 GS GS EOG

The rake of train is maintained at the yard of Rani Kamalapati (RKMP) railway station

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline}}
{{Railways in Northern India}}
{{Railways in Central India}}

[[Category:Named passenger trains of India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 1997]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Transport in Delhi]]
[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Transport in Bhopal]]

Indian bread

2026-02-21T17:02:45Z

Ledx: slightly cleaned up citations for accuracy and cleaned formatting after review

{{short description|Various flatbreads and crêpes in Indian cuisine}}
{{about|Indian cuisine|the Native American bread|Frybread}}
{{more citations needed|date=March 2016}}
{{Indian cuisine}}
'''Indian breads''' are a wide variety of [[flatbreads]] and [[crêpe]]s that are an integral part of [[Indian cuisine]]. Their variation reflects the diversity of [[Indian culture]] and food habits.

==Ingredients==
Most flatbreads from [[northern India]] are unleavened and made primarily from milled flour, usually [[Atta flour|atta]] or [[Maida flour|maida]], and water. Some flatbreads, especially [[paratha]], may be stuffed with [[vegetable]]s and layered with either [[ghee]] or [[butter]].

In [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]], breads are also made from grains like jowar (''[[Sorghum bicolor]]''), ragi (''[[Eleusine coracana]]''), ''[[rice]]'' and bajra ([[pearl millet]]), and are called "rotla" in [[Gujarat]] and "bhakri" in Maharashtra.

Most Indian [[bread]]s make use of the yeast spores in the atmosphere for fermentation.

==Preparation==
In northern India, a dough of the main ingredient is prepared and flattened by rolling. Most Indian breads, such as [[roti]], [[kulcha]] and [[chapati]], are baked on ''[[tava]]'', a [[griddle]] made from cast iron, steel or aluminum. Others such as [[puri (food)|puri]] and [[bhatura]] are [[Deep fry|deep-fried]]. The dough for these breads is usually made with less water in order to reduce the oil soaked up when frying.

In Southern India, a [[batter (cooking)|batter]] of rice and black lentils is prepared and ladled in small amounts onto a hot greased skillet, where it is spread out into a thin circle and fried with oil or [[ghee]] until golden brown.
In Western India (including the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat and [[Rajasthan]]) bread may be made from coarse grains such as bajra, sorghum or ragi, though wheat is the staple in these regions. The grains or cereals are usually milled into a fine powder, and mixed with a little water to make a smooth dough. This dough is patted into a circle by hand, either by holding it between the two hands or by placing it on an upturned plate or other flat surface.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.vahrehvah.com/indianfood/jowar-ki-bhakri-roti-of-sorghum-flour/|title = Jowar Ki Bhakri - Roti of Sorghum flour|last = Thumma|first = Sanjay|date = 28 August 2012|website = vahrehvah.com|access-date = 11 March 2016|archive-date = 7 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307134905/http://www.vahrehvah.com/indianfood/jowar-ki-bhakri-roti-of-sorghum-flour/|url-status = live}}</ref>

In Maharashtra, a multi-grain flatbread called "thalipeeth" is also prepared. It contains many grains and cereals like wheat, rice, bajra, jowar, ragi, [[Macrotyloma uniflorum|horse gram]], green gram, black gram, chickpeas and so on. Each grain or cereal is roasted separately and then milled together into a fine powder. Spices and chopped onions are added along with water to make the dough, and it is patted into circles, after which it is roasted on a griddle with some ghee or oil. It is often served with homemade butter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foodfood.com/recipes/thalipeeth/|title=Thalipeeth|last=D'Souza|first=Jasmine|website=Foodfood.com|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311140129/http://www.foodfood.com/recipes/thalipeeth/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Indian breads of [[Central Asia|Central Asian origin]], such as naan and tandoori roti, are baked in a [[tandoor]]. Naan is usually leavened with [[yeast]].

==Varieties==

Different varieties of Indian breads include [[chapati]], [[phulka]], [[Puri (food)|puri]], [[roti]], bajra rotla, thepla, [[paratha]], [[naan]], [[kulcha]], [[bhatoora]], [[luchi]], [[puran poli]], [[pathiri]], and [[parotta]]. Some of these, like paratha and roti, have many varieties. Some varieties depend on the kind of grain used to prepare them, and others depend on the fillings they contain.

* [[Afghan bread]] – the national bread of [[Afghanistan]]
* [[Aloo paratha]] – The bread is filled with mashed potatoes. The potatoes can include different kind of spices.
* [[Bobbatlu]]/[[Bakshalu]]/[[Obbattu]] – made of maida, chanadal/ toor dal, sugar/jaggery, from the Telugu / Kannada cuisine, specially prepared for the [[Ugadi]] (Lunar New Year) festival in Telugu states and Karnataka
* [[Baati]] – hard, [[unleavened bread]] cooked in the desert areas of [[Rajasthan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.vahrehvah.com/indianfood/jowar-ki-bhakri-roti-of-sorghum-flour/|title = Jowar Ki Bhakri - Roti of Sorghum flour|last = Thumma|first = Sanjay|date = 28 August 2012|website = vahrehvah.com|access-date = 11 March 2016|archive-date = 7 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307134905/http://www.vahrehvah.com/indianfood/jowar-ki-bhakri-roti-of-sorghum-flour/|url-status = live}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893426632 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/886151110 cite #1 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> and in [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Bafla]] - hard, ball boiled and then baked in [[Madhya Pradesh]] Malwa Region
* [[Bajre ki roti]] – This bread is made of pearl millet flour. It can be made as salt bread or sweet bread. For making sweet roti (bread), the dough is mixed with treacle (gur ka mail).
* [[Bakarkhani]]
* [[Bhakri]] – round flat [[Leavening|unleavened]] bread made mainly using Sorgham bicolr or [[Pearl millet]] often used in the cuisine of the state of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]] but is also common in western and central [[India]], especially in the states of Rajasthan, [[Gujarat]], [[Malwa]], [[Goa]], and northern [[Karnataka]].
* [[Bhatoora]] – fluffy [[Deep fry|deep-fried]] [[Leavening agent|leavened]] bread from [[North India]]
* [[Bhturu]] - prepared from soft kneaded fermented dough. It is almost like soft bread from inside and crisp outside. It is served with local delicacies of Himachli Dham like Madra, Dal and Khatta etc.
*[[Chakuli]] - An [[Odisha]] staple, prepared from a generous mix of rice and black gram batter, seared in Mustard oil or Ghee. Grated dry/fresh coconut, liquid jaggery, chhenā might be added as well.
* [[Chapati]] – unleavened [[flatbread]] (also known as ''[[roti]]'') from India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan which is baked on a hot surface.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foodfood.com/recipes/thalipeeth/|title=Thalipeeth|last=D'Souza|first=Jasmine|website=Foodfood.com|access-date=11 March 2016|archive-date=11 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311140129/http://www.foodfood.com/recipes/thalipeeth/|url-status=live}} {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893426632 by a bug in VisualEditor and later restored by a bot from the original cite located at Special:Permalink/886151110 cite #2 - verify the cite is accurate and delete this template. [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref> It is a common [[staple food]] in [[India]]
* Cheela – crepes made from batter of varying ingredients in North India - ingredients usually include pulse (dal) flour, Chickpea flour, wheat flour and sometimes finely chopped vegetables.
* [[Chikkolee]] – spicy wheat dish common in southern [[Andhra Pradesh]] and parts of [[Maharashtra]].
*[[Chhilka roti]] - a bread from [[Jharkhand]] prepared using rice flour and chana daal.
* [[Charolia]] - a thin, pancake-like bread made by spreading a batter on a hot pan in a pattern to make net like shape once cooked.
* [[Chili parotha|Chili parotta]] – essentially a plain [[parotta]] shredded into small, bite-sized pieces mixed with sauteed onions, tomatoes, and [[chili powder]]
* [[Dhebra]] – Two different types: one made with [[pearl millet]] (bajra) flour, often flavoured with [[fenugreek]] leaf (methi). The other is an unleavened jaggery puri, made with jaggery and whole wheat flour.
* [[Kaak (bread)|Kaak]]
* [[Kachori]] – unleavened deep-fried bread with lentils filling
* [[Kalonji naan]] – kalonji seeds mixed with naan flour
* [[Khakhra]] – thin crackers made from [[mat bean]], [[wheat flour]] and oil
* [[Kori rotti]] - A crisp, dry wafers made from boiled rice in the [[Tulu Nadu]] region. This name is given to both the bread and the dish that includes [[Mangaloreans|Mangalorean]] chicken curry.
* [[Kulcha]] – leavened bread eaten in India and Pakistan, made from [[maida flour]] (wheat flour)
* [[Luchi]] – deep-fried flatbread from Bengal similar to Puri but made with maida flour instead of atta.
* [[Manda roti]] (Rumali roti): Traditional Indian flatbread which thin like handkerchief and cooked on upturned pot. It was known as ''Mandaka'' in ancient India.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2014-08-14 |title=Mandaka, Maṇḍaka, Mandāka, Mamdaka: 22 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandaka |access-date=2023-05-05 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en |archive-date=4 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230504151114/https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/mandaka |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Makki ki roti]] – made with corn flour
* [[Naan]] – oven-baked leavened flatbread
** [[Keema naan]] – naan stuffed with minced meat
** [[Butter naan]] - naan topped with nigella seeds and greased with butter<ref>Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893426632 by a bug in VisualEditor and later identified by a bot. The original cite can be found around Special:Permalink/886151110 (or in a rev close to it) as cite #3 - find and verify the cite and replace this template with it (2). [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>
* [[Papadum]] – thin, crisp disc-shaped Indian food typically based on a [[Seasoning|seasoned]] [[dough]] made from black gram (urad flour), fried or cooked with dry heat
* [[Paratha]] – layered or stuffed flatbread from North India - traditionally made from whole wheat flour by baking with oil on a hot surface.
** [[Aloo paratha]]
** [[Gobhi paratha]]
** [[Laccha paratha]]
* [[Parotta|Porotta]] – layered flat bread of [[Kerala]] and some parts of Southern India
* [[Pashti]] – flatbread prepared with rice flour and [[Pan frying|pan fried]] in [[ghee]]
* [[Pathiri]] – pancake made of rice flour
* [[Pesaha Appam]] – unleavened [[Passover|Passover bread]] made by the [[Saint Thomas Christians]] (also known as Syrian Christians or Nasrani) of [[Kerala]], [[India]] to be served on [[Passover]] night.<ref>Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893426632 by a bug in VisualEditor and later identified by a bot. The original cite can be found around Special:Permalink/886151110 (or in a rev close to it) as cite #5 - find and verify the cite and replace this template with it (2). [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>
* [[Pesarattu]] – [[crepe]]-like bread that is similar to [[Dosa (food)|dosa]], made out of [[Mung bean|mung]] dal with its origin in [[Andhra Pradesh]].
* [[Minapa Rotte]] – Pancakes made of idli batter, originating in [[Andhra Pradesh]].
* [[Maggiga Rotte]] Dosa style sour flat bread made with dosa batter mixed with maida and Butter milk with Origin in [[Andhra Pradesh]]
* [[Dibbha Rotte]] Very thick pancakes made of idli batter, originating in [[Andhra Pradesh]].
* [[Phitti]]
* [[chapati|Phulka]]
* [[Pitha]]/[[Pithe]] – type of cake made from fermented rice batter, [[dim sum]] or bread common in Bengal, Assam and Orissa.
** [[Chakuli pitha]] – From [[Odisha, India|Odisha]], thin pancakes made of [[rice flour]] and [[black gram]] batter. It is similar to a [[Dosa (food)|dosa]].
** [[Til Pitha]] – dry powdered rice cakes with Sesame seeds and Jaggery filling [[Assam]]
** [[bhapa pithe]] from Bengal
** [[Patishapta]] from Bengal
** [[Chitoi Pithe]] from Bengal, [[Chitau Pitha]] from [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]
** [[Jhaal Pithe]] from Bangladesh; Pitha made from fermented rice batter mixed with sliced green chilli and coriander leaves
** [[Narikol Pitha]] dry powdered rice cakes with grated and sweetened coconut filling [[Assam]]
** [[Arisa Pitha]] – a traditional sweet deep fried pancake from [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]. The crispy outer layer surrounds soft insides.
** [[Manda Pitha]] – steamed Pitha from [[Odisha, India|Orissa]]
** [[Kakara Pitha]] – [[Odisha, India|Odisha]]
* Poi/[[Poee]] – A Goan whole wheat hollow flatbread.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Koranne-Khandekar|first=Saee|title=Poee|url=https://scroll.in/food/945560/poee|access-date=2020-07-13|website=Scroll.in|date=20 March 2020 |language=en-US|archive-date=13 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713135511/https://scroll.in/food/945560/poee|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Puran Poli|Poli]]/[[Puran Poli]] – traditional type of sweet flatbread
* [[Puri (food)|Puri]] – unleavened deep-fried bread
** [[Pulla Attu]] Sour dosas made with mix of Dosa batter and Maida with Origins in Andhra Pradesh
* [[Radhaballabhi]] fried flatbread similar to Dalpuri but the filling consists of [[Urad dal|Urad Dal]] (Black Lentils) instead of [[Channa dal|Cholar Dal]].
* [[Ragi dosa]] – dosa made out of [[Finger Millet|finger millet]].
* [[Roti]] – most simple and common of all Indian breads. Apart from wheat based roti, several millet based and rice based rotis are made like:
** [[Akki rotti]]
** [[Jolada rotti]]
** [[Makki ki roti]]
** [[Ragi rotti]]– made of ragi ([[finger millet]]) flour
** [[Rotlo]] (Bajra roti), a Gujarati staple bread made of millet flour<ref>Citation error. See inline comment how to fix. {{verify source |date=September 2019 |reason=This ref was deleted Special:Diff/893426632 by a bug in VisualEditor and later identified by a bot. The original cite can be found around Special:Permalink/886151110 (or in a rev close to it) as cite #6 - find and verify the cite and replace this template with it (2). [[User:GreenC bot/Job 18]]}}</ref>
** [[Rumali roti|Manda roti]]
* [[Sanna (dish)|Sanna]] – spongy rice cake available at Goa, made from fermented or unfermented Rice batter with or without sweeteners
* [[Sheermal]] – [[saffron]]-flavored flatbread from [[Kashmir]]
* [[Taftan (bread)|Taftan]] – leavened bread from Uttar Pradesh
* [[Tandoor|Tandoori Roti]] – baked in a [[Masonry oven|clay oven]] called a [[tandoor]]. Thicker than a normal Roti.
* [[Thalipeeth]] – savoury multi-grain pancake popular in Maharashtra.
* [[Kori Rotti]] – crisp dry wafers (about 1mm thick) made from boiled rice and served along with spicy Chicken curry. Usually available in A4 size packs and very popular bread in Coastal Karnataka.
* [[Litti (cuisine)|Litti]] - Litti, along with [[Bhurta|chokha]], is a complete meal originated from the Indian subcontinent; and popular in Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, parts of Uttar Pradesh as well as Nepalese state of [[Madhesh Province|Madhesh]]. It is a dough ball made up of whole wheat flour and stuffed with [[Sattu]] (roasted barley flour) mixed with herbs and spices and then roasted over coal or cow dung cakes or wood then it is tossed with much ghee. Although very often confused with the closely related Baati, it is a completely different dish in terms of taste, texture and preparation. It may be eaten with yogurt, [[Baingan bharta|Baigan chokha]], [[Aloo chokha]], and [[Papadam|papad]].
* [[Tandoor bread]] – Flatbread
* [[Thepla]] - Gujarati chapatti made with whole wheat flour and flavoured with fenugreek leaves and spices.
* Rodga – A traditional dough ball dish from the Vidarbha and Marathwada regions of Maharashtra, made using jowar or bajra flour. The dough is shaped into thick balls and either roasted over an open flame or boiled. It is usually served with potato brinjal curry, thecha (chili chutney), and varan, and is known for its rustic, earthy flavor. Similar in appearance to baati but distinct in preparation and regional roots.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Bhatura.jpg|[[Bhatura]]
File:Chapatiroll.jpg|[[Chapati]] ([[roti]])
File:Luchi.jpg|[[Luchi]]
File:Parotta.jpg|[[Parotta]]
File:Kulchachole.jpg|[[Kulcha]]s with ''choley''
File:Naan shiva.jpg|[[Naan]]
File:Papadsbangalore.jpg|[[Papadum]]
File:Alooparatha.jpg|[[Paratha]]
File:Puri.jpg|[[Puri (food)|Puri]]
File:Pathiri.jpg|[[Pathiri]]
File:Obbattu.jpg|[[Puran poli]] or holige
File:Rumali Roti - Kerala.jpg|[[Rumali roti]]
File:ಅಕ್ಕಿ_ರೊಟ್ಟಿ_.jpg | [[Akki rotti]]
File:ಜೋಳದ_ರೊಟ್ಟಿ.jpg | [[Jolada rotti]]
File:Ragi_Rotti_&_Chutney.jpg | [[Ragi rotti]]
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|Food|India}}
*[[List of Indian dishes]]
*[[Culture of India]]
*[[Indian cuisine]]
*[[Chili parotha]]
* [[List of baked goods]]
* [[List of breads]]
* [[List of Pakistani spices]]
* [[List of Pakistani condiments]]
* [[Lists of prepared foods]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian bread}}
{{Indian Dishes}}
{{Flatbreads}}
{{bread}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Bread}}
[[Category:Indian breads|*]]

Indian Airlines Flight 440

2026-02-19T22:31:05Z

Ledx: Content improved for clarity and flow

{{short description|1973 plane crash in India}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}
{{Infobox aircraft occurrence
| name = Indian Airlines Flight 440
| image = Indian Airlines Boeing 737-2A8; VT-EGE, December 1998 BUI (5404996252).jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = An Indian Airlines Boeing 737-200, similar to the one involved in the crash
| occurrence_type = Accident
| date = {{start date|1973|5|31|df=y}}
| site = New Delhi, India
| coordinates = 
| aircraft_type = [[Boeing 737-200|Boeing 737-2A8]]
| aircraft_name = ''Saranga''
| operator = [[Indian Airlines]]
| plane1_IATA = IC440
| plane1_ICAO = IAC440
| plane1_callsign = INDAIR 440
| tail_number = VT-EAM
| origin = [[Chennai International Airport|Madras Airport]], [[Chennai]], Tamil Nadu, India
| stopover =
| stopover0 =
| stopover1 =
| stopover2 =
| stopover3 =
| last_stopover =
| destination = [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Palam International Airport]], New Delhi, India
| occupants = 65
| passengers = 58
| crew = 7
| fatalities = 48
| injuries = 17 (10 serious, 7 minor)
| missing =
| survivors = 17
| summary = [[Controlled flight into terrain]]
}}

'''Indian Airlines Flight 440''' was a flight on 31 May 1973 that crashed while on approach to [[Palam Airport]] (now [[Indira Gandhi International Airport]]) killing 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board.

==Accident==
Flight 440 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from [[Madras]] (now Chennai), [[Tamil Nadu]] to New Delhi. A Boeing 737 named ''Saranga'' was used for the flight. As Flight 440 approached [[Palam International Airport]] in driving dust and a rainstorm, the aircraft struck high tension wires during a [[Non-directional beacon|NDB approach]] with visibility below minimal. The aircraft crashed and caught fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730531-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2A8 VT-EAM Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL )|website=Aviation Safety Network|publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]] |access-date=2016-05-31}}</ref> 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board Flight 440 perished in the accident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 1973 |title=Airline crash in New Delhi |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_pszAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zTIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5529,2776816&dq=new+delhi+indian+airlines+crash&hl=en |access-date=28 October 2014 |work=[[Lodi News-Sentinel]] |page=8 |via=[[Google News]] |agency=[[United Press International]]}}</ref> Rescue officials said the survivors were in the front of the aircraft,<ref name="Crashprobed">{{Cite news |date=1 June 1973 |title=Indian crash site probed by crews |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lqFYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jvgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7336,354712&dq=new+delhi+indian+airlines+crash+rescue+officials&hl=en |access-date=28 November 2014 |work=[[Spokane Daily Chronicle]] |page=11 |via=[[Google News]] |agency=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> although one survivor reported sitting in the back row.<ref>{{cite news |last=Gorvett |first=Zaria |date=12 July 2017 |title=What not to do in a disaster |url=http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20170711-what-not-to-do-in-a-disaster |access-date=4 October 2018 |work=BBC News}}</ref>

The survivors included three Americans and two Japanese. The dead included four Americans, three Britons, and one woman from Yemen. Notable survivors included [[Bhan Singh Bhaura]] Member Parliament and [[V. K. Madhavan Kutty]], an eminent journalist and writer. <ref name=Crashprobed/> Among the dead was Indian Minister of Iron and Steel Mines, [[Mohan Kumaramangalam]], [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]] and [[Communist Party of India]] politician [[K. Baladhandayutham]] and former [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]] and [[Indian National Congress]] politician [[Devaki Gopidas]] and Indian businessmen Mallikarjun Reddy Kakani and Raghunatha Reddy Kakani.

==Cause==
Investigators determined the Indian Airlines Flight 440 crash was caused by the crew descending below the minimum decision height.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=05311973&reg=VT-EAM&airline=Indian+Airlines|title=AirDisaster.Com Accident Database|website=www.airdisaster.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321184908/http://www.airdisaster.com/cgi-bin/view_details.cgi?date=05311973&reg=VT-EAM&airline=Indian+Airlines|archive-date=2015-03-21|url-status=usurped|access-date=2016-05-30}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Japan Air Lines Flight 471]], another aviation disaster that took place at Palam International Airport less than a year prior to Indian Airlines Flight 440.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.planecrashinfo.com/1973/1973-25.htm Indian Airlines Flight 440 at Planecrashinfo.com]
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in India}}
{{Air India}}
[[Category:1973 in India]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1973]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot error]]
[[Category:Airliner accidents and incidents caused by weather]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents in India]]
[[Category:Aviation accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original]]
[[Category:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents|440]]
[[Category:May 1973 in Asia]]

P. B. Sreenivas

2026-02-11T18:29:03Z

Ledx: brief enhanced section as per guidelines for accuracy

{{Short description|Indian singer, musician, poet (1930–2013)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox musical artist 
| name = P. B. Sreenivas
| image = P. B. Sreenivas.jpg
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Prathivadhi Bhayankara Sreenivas
| alias = PBS
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1930|9|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|4|14|1930|9|22|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Chennai, Tamil Nadu]]
| origin =
| instrument = [[Harmonium]]
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Carnatic music]], [[ghazal]]
| occupation =[[Playback singer]]
| years_active = 1951-2013
| label =
| website =
| current_members =
| past_members =
}}
'''Prathivadhi Bhayankara Sreenivas''' (22 September 1930 – 14 April 2013) widely known as '''P. B. S.''' was an Indian [[playback singer]], [[composer]], harmonium player, [[Lyricist]] and [[poet]] known for his works in [[Cinema of South India|South cinema]], and [[Bollywood]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Meera |date=14 April 2013 |title=PBS leaves behind a treasure trove of melodies |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/pbs-leaves-behind-a-treasure-trove-of-melodies/article4617631.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="mangalorean.com">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2016 |title=Mangalorean.com - Mangalore News Articles, Classifieds to Around the World |url=http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=389985 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023842/http://www.mangalorean.com/news.php?newstype=broadcast&broadcastid=389985 |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> His major chunk of work has been in [[Kannada]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] languages, though he sang many songs in [[Malayalam]] and [[Hindi]] too.<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 April 2013 |title=PBS no more |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/pbs-no-more/article4617123.ece?homepage=true&ref=slideshow}}</ref> He has garnered the Kannada [[Rajyotsava Prashasti]], the Tamil [[Kalaimamani]] Award, and the [[Madhavapeddi Satyam]] Award by the Andhra Siva Foundation, for his contributions to music and cinema.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Kolappan |first=B. |date=15 April 2013 |title=A singer who evoked pathos, a nonpareil |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/a-singer-who-evoked-pathos-a-nonpareil/article4617627.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=14 April 2013 |title=Chennai: Legendary singer Dr P B Sreenivas no more |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=170410 |website=Daijiworld}}</ref>

In his honor, ''Sri Kala Sudha Telugu Association'' of Chennai, instituted the ''P. B. Sreenivas Mahapurush Award'' to honor veteran singers.<ref name="mangalorean.com" />

==Early life==
Prathivadhi Bhayankara Sreenivas was born into a [[Telugu people|Telugu]] speaking Brahmin musical family Prathivadhi Bhayankara Phanindraswamy and Seshagiriamma as their younger son in [[Kakinada]], [[East Godavari district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name="auto2" /> His father was a civil servant and his mother was a musician. His father wanted him to become a government officer and Sreenivas was awarded a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree and then passed the ''Hindi Visharad'' from the [[Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : Bit of drive-in nostalgia |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/11/stories/13110464.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508091458/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/06/11/stories/13110464.htm |archive-date=8 May 2009 |access-date=18 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Khajane |first=Muralidhara |date=14 April 2013 |title=P.B. Sreenivas was the voice of Rajkumar |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/pb-sreenivas-was-the-voice-of-rajkumar/article4617526.ece |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

==Musical career==
His uncle, Kidambi Krishnaswamy, was a drama artist and a singer. When Sreenivas was 12, Krishnaswamy gave him a chance to sing in a drama. Later, Sreenivas, a trained harmonium player and singer, went to Gemini Studios, Madras. [[Emani Sankara Sastry]], a [[veena]] player, was one of the residing musicians. He introduced Sreenivas to S. S. Vasan, the owner of Gemini Studios. There, Sreenivas sang a super hit song sung by Mohammed Rafi, his favourite singer. It was "Huye Hum Jinke Liye Barbad", from ''[[Deedar (1951 film)|Deedar]]'' (1951), composed by [[Naushad Ali]], which landed him the opportunity to become professional playback singer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=5&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=15-04-2013&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar00500&publabel=TOI |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614001555/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=5&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=15-04-2013&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar00500&publabel=TOI |archive-date=14 June 2013 |access-date=13 January 2022 |website=mobiletoi.timesofindia.com}}</ref><ref>Madhurya Sarvabhouma Dr.P.B.Srinivos - Nadayogiya sunaadayaana by R. Srinath</ref>

==Voice of Dr. Rajkumar==
PBS has sung at least 300 super hit numbers for Rajkumar. The actor once described Sreenivas as his ''Shàreera'' (voice in Kannada) while he himself was a mere ''Sharira'' (body in Kannada), summing up how some of the best-known films of the actor are unimaginable without Sreenivas lending his voice.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/325984/language-bridge-not-wall.html|title=Language bridge not wall|work=Deccan Herald|date= 15 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.filmibeat.com/kannada/news/2013/pb-srinivas-dies-82-107519.html|title=PB Srinivas dies at 82|work=Filmibeat.com|date=15 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.deccanherald.com/content/542295/his-voice-lives-on.html|title=His voice lives on|work=Deccan Herald|date=24 April 2016}}</ref>

Until 1974, Sreenivas was Rajkumar's most frequent singing voice in films. However, once when Sreenivas was not available to sing for the movie Sampattige Sawaal, Composer G K Venkatesh encouraged Rajkumar to sing the song ''Yaare Koogadali'' that was supposed to be sung by Sreenivas. With that song, Rajkumar restarted his singing career, which had stopped after the movie Ohileshwara. Thus began his journey as the most famous actor-singer that Kannada film industry has ever seen.<ref>[https://www.filmibeat.com/celebs/dr-rajkumar/biography.html Dr. Rajkumar Biography, Dr. Rajkumar Profile - entertainment.oneindia.in]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= https://thesouthfirst.com/karnataka/dr-rajkumar-the-singing-star-of-indian-cinema/|title=Dr. Rajkumar the singing star of Indian cinema|work=The South first|date=24 April 2023}}</ref>

==Biography on PBS ==
[[File:Sangeeta katti14.jpg|thumb|upright|250px|Srinivas, recording in studio with singer [[Sangeetha Katti]]]]
The Kannada biography titled ''Madhurya Saarvabhowma Dr. P. B. Srinivas-Naadayogiya Sunaadayaana'' (penned by R. Srinath, Publishers: Surabhi Prakashana, Bengaluru) was released on 7 May 2013 at the Palace Grounds, Bangalore by the singers [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]] and [[K. J. Yesudas]].<ref name="auto" />

==Awards==
* The second highest award of [[Karnataka]] State, the [[Rajyotsava Prashasti|Kannada Rajyothsava Award]] awarded by the chief minister of the state<ref name="autogenerated5">{{Cite web |title=P.B. Sreenivas was the voice of Rajkumar |url=http://pressclubofindia.co.in/p-b-sreenivas-was-the-voice-of-rajkumar/ |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615190843/http://pressclubofindia.co.in/p-b-sreenivas-was-the-voice-of-rajkumar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajyotsava Awardee's list |url=https://karnataka.gov.in/page/Awards/State%20Awards/Rajyotsava+Awards/en |access-date=30 August 2020 |website=Karnataka Govt website |publisher=Govt of Karnataka}}</ref>
* The Tamil Nadu state's honorary [[Kalaimamani]] Award<ref name="autogenerated5" />
* Dr. Rajkumar Souhardha award given by the super star's family<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2012 |title=PB Srinivas gets Dr Rajakumar Souhardha award - South Cinema - Kannada News - ibnlive |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pb-srinivas-gets-dr-rajakumar-souhardha-award/264432-71-205.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609064642/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/pb-srinivas-gets-dr-rajakumar-souhardha-award/264432-71-205.html |archive-date=9 June 2012}}</ref>
*The prestigious ''Karnataka Nadoja Award'' - constituted by [[Kannada University]], [[Hampi]], [[Karnataka]] awarded by the [[governor of Karnataka]]
* [[Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award]] - Kalaivanar Award in 2002
==Filmography==
===Tamil songs===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Language !! Song !! Music director !! Co-singer
|-
| rowspan=2|1953 || rowspan=2|''[[Jatagam]]'' ||rowspan=2|[[Tamil language|Tamil]] || Sindhanai En Selvam || rowspan=2|R. Govardhanam ||
|-
| Mooda Nambikkaiyaale Pala Kaedu Vilaiyum ||
|-
| 1954 || ''[[Viduthalai (1954 film)|Viduthalai]]'' || Tamil || Anbodu Inbamagaa Vaazhalaam || Letchumanan Kurunath ||
|-
| 1956 || ''[[Nalla Veedu]]'' || Tamil || Kalaimathiye En Kaadhal || Krishnamurthi & Nagaraja Iyer || [[R. Balasaraswathi Devi]]
|-
| 1956 || ''[[Paasavalai]]'' || Tamil || Malarodu Vishanaagam.... Needhi Idhuthaanaa || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] ||
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Bhaktha Markandeya]]'' || Tamil || Anbin Uruve Neeye || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[Soolamangalam Sisters|Soolamangalam Rajalakshmi]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Karpukkarasi]]'' || Tamil || Kaniyo Paago Karkando || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[M. L. Vasanthakumari]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[M.L.A. (1957 film)|M.L.A.]]'' || Tamil || Kaaman Kandu Mogam ||Pendyala Nageswara Rao
| [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Magathala Nattu Mary]]'' || Tamil || Kannukku Naere Minnidum Thaarai || [[R. Parthasarathy]] || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Makkalai Petra Magarasi]]'' || Tamil || Ondru Serndha Anbu Maarumaa || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || Udutha Sarojini
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Samaya Sanjeevi]]'' || Tamil || Gama Gamavena Narumanam Veesudhe || [[G. Ramanathan]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| rowspan=2|1957 || rowspan=2|''[[Sati Savitri (1957 film)|Sathiyavan Savithri]]'' || rowspan=2|Tamil || Edhuko Indraanandham|| rowspan=2|[[S. Rajeswara Rao]] & Babu Rao || [[S. Varalakshmi]]
|-
| Raavelano|| [[S. Varalakshmi]]
|-
| 1957 || ''[[Soubhagyavathi]]'' || Tamil || Thatthajam Thatthitthajam || Pendyala Nageswara Rao ||
|-
| 1958 || ''[[Illarame Nallaram]]'' || Tamil || Marane Un Malarkanai || K. G. Moorthy || [[P. Susheela]] & [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1958 || ''[[Kudumba Gouravam]]'' || Tamil || Serum Kaalam Vandhachu || [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]] & [[L. R. Eswari]]
|-
| 1958 || ''[[Thirudargal Jakkirathai]]'' || Tamil || Azhage Unnai Kandom || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Arumai Magal Abirami]]'' || Tamil || Thanga Niram Idhazh Sembavalam || [[V. Dakshinamoorthy]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Aval Yaar]]'' || Tamil || Pudhu Azhagai Rasikka Varum || [[S. Rajeswara Rao]] || [[Jikki]]
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Azhagarmalai Kalvan]]'' || Tamil || Poonthendrale Vandhiduvaai.. Kanindha kadhal || [[B. Gopalam]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| rowspan=4|1959 || rowspan=4| ''[[Deiva Balam]]'' || rowspan=4|Tamil || Adichchaa Adi Vayitthile Aditchchidanum || rowspan=4| G. Aswatthama || [[A. L. Raghavan]]
|-
| Malarodu Vilaiyaadum || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| En Manavaanil Aadum Rani || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| Nilavathu Thavari Pennaai Maari || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| 1959 || ''[[Engal Selvi]]'' || Tamil || Unnai Nambi Aval Irundhaal || [[K. V. Mahadevan]] ||
|-
| 1960 || ''[[Mannathi Mannan]]'' || Tamil || Neeyo Nano Yaar Nilave || [[ Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[K. Jamuna Rani]], [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1960 || ''[[Kuzhandhaigal Kanda Kudiyarasu]]'' || Tamil || "Sitterumbu Putrinile" || [[T. G. Lingappa]] ||
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Santhi (1965 film)|Santhi]]'' || Tamil || "Senthur Murugan" || [[ Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1965 || ''[[Santhi (1965 film)|Santhi]]'' || Tamil || "Vaazhnthu Paarkka" || [[ Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]] || T. M. Soundararajan
|-
| 1968 || ''[[Kuzhanthaikkaga]]'' || Tamil || "Raman Enbathu" (Devan Vanthan) || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || T. M. Soundararajan, Sirkazhi Govindarajan
|-
| 1969 || ''[[Anbalippu]]'' || Tamil || "Madhulam Pazhathukku" || [[M. S. Viswanathan]] || [[P. Susheela]]
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Inikkum Ilamai]]'' || Tamil || Maalai Mayanginaal || [[Shankar–Ganesh]] || [[S. P. Sailaja]]
|-
| 1979 || ''[[Kadavul Amaitha Medai]]'' || Tamil || Thendrale Nee Pesu || [[Ilaiyaraaja]] ||
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Oomai Vizhigal]]'' || Tamil || Tholvi Nilayenna Ninaitthaal || [[Manoj–Gyan]] & [[Aabavanan]] || [[Aabavanan]]
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Poo Manam]]'' || Tamil || Silaneram Yedhedho Nadakum || [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]] ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[Naalaya Seidhi]]'' || Tamil || Uyire Unnai Idhayam || [[Adithyan]] || Sangeethakatti
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Airport (1993 film)|Airport]]'' || Tamil || Uyire Unnai || [[S. P. Venkatesh]] ||
|-
| 2004 || ''[[7G Rainbow Colony]]'' || Tamil || Ithu Enna Maatram || [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]] ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2010 film)|Ayirathil Oruvan]]'' || Tamil || Pemmanae || [[G. V. Prakash Kumar]] || [[Bombay Jayashri]]
|}

==Death==
Sreenivas died of a massive [[heart attack]] at home in Chennai on 14 April 2013 at the age of 82. He was cremated on the next day. He was survived by his wife and children.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Null | NewsWhip | |url=http://www.newswhip.com/MoreInfo/PB-Srinivas-the-voice-of-Rajkumar-is-no-/39093072 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130615190844/http://www.newswhip.com/MoreInfo/PB-Srinivas-the-voice-of-Rajkumar-is-no-/39093072 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=www.newswhip.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0654917}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, P. B.}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Harmonium players]]
[[Category:Singers from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:People from Kakinada]]
[[Category:Writers from East Godavari district]]
[[Category:Performers of Hindu music]]
[[Category:Sanskrit-language singers]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]

V. S. Ramachandran

2026-02-11T01:21:34Z

Ledx: Creating new info

{{short description|Indian-American neuroscientist}}
{{Indian patronymic|Ramachandran|Subramanian}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| image = Vilayanur_S_Ramachandran_2011_Shankbone.JPG
| caption = Ramachandran at the 2011 [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] gala
| birth_name = Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1951|8|10}}
| birth_place = [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| field = {{hlist |[[Neurology]] |[[Psychology]] |[[Phantom Limb]]}}
| work_institution = [[University of California, San Diego]]
| alma_mater = {{ublist |[[Stanley Medical College]] ([[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]]) |[[University of Cambridge]] (PhD)}}
| known_for = Research in [[neurology]], [[visual perception]], [[phantom limb]]s, [[synesthesia]], [[autism]], [[body integrity dysphoria]], [[mirror therapy]]
| awards = Henry Dale Medal (2005), [[Padma Bhushan]] (2007), Scientist of the Year (ARCS Foundation) (2014)
}}
'''Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran''' (born 10 August 1951) is an [[Indian-American]] [[neuroscientist]]. He is known for his experiments and theories in behavioral neurology, including the invention of the [[mirror box]]. Ramachandran is a [[distinguished professor]] in [[University of California, San Diego|UCSD]]'s Department of Psychology, where he is the director of the Center for Brain and Cognition.

After earning a medical degree in India, Ramachandran studied experimental neuroscience at [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge]], obtaining his PhD there in 1978.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Vilayanur |title=Studies on binocular vision |date=1978 |publisher=Cambridge University |url=https://idiscover.lib.cam.ac.uk/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=44CAM_ALMA21431193310003606&context=L&vid=44CAM_PROD&lang=en_US&search_scope=SCOP_CAM_ALL&adaptor=Local%20Search%20Engine&tab=cam_lib_coll&query=any,contains,Vilayanur%20Ramachandran&offset=0 |access-date=25 January 2022}}</ref> Most of his research has been in the fields of [[behavioral neurology]] and visual [[psychophysics]]. After early work on human vision, Ramachandran turned to work on wider aspects of neurology including [[phantom limbs]] and [[phantom pain]]. Ramachandran also performed the world's first "phantom limb amputation" surgeries by inventing the [[mirror therapy]], which is now widely used for reducing phantom pains (with the goal of eliminating phantom sensations altogether in long term), and also for helping to restore motor control in stroke victims with weakened limbs.

Ramachandran's books ''[[Phantoms in the Brain]]'' (1998), ''[[The Tell-Tale Brain]]'' (2010), and others describe neurological and clinical studies of people with [[synesthesia]], [[Capgras syndrome]], and a wide range of other unusual conditions. Ramachandran has also described his work in many public lectures, including lectures for the BBC, and two official [[TED talks]].

==Biography==

Ramachandran was born in 1951 in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]].<ref name="Observer">{{cite web |first=Andrew |last = Anthony |title=VS Ramachandran: The Marco Polo of neuroscience |url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2011/jan/30/observer-profile-vs-ramachandran|quote=Among amputees, 90% suffer from phantom limb pain, which can often cause excruciating discomfort.|date=30 January 2011 |access-date=5 July 2019 |work=The Guardian}}</ref><ref name="Colapinto">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2009/05/11/brain-games|title=Brain Games: The Marco Polo of neuroscience |last= Colapinto |first=John |author-link= John Colapinto |magazine=The New Yorker |quote=In 1991, he became interested in the work of Tim Pons, a neuroscientist at the National Institute of Mental Health, who had been investigating the ability of neurons in the sensory cortex to adapt to change. |date=4 May 2009 |access-date=25 January 2022 }}</ref> His mother had a degree in mathematics. His grandfather was [[Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer]], one of the framers of India's constitution.<ref name="Colapinto"/>

Ramachandran's father, V. M. Subramanian, was an engineer who worked for the [[United Nations|U.N.]] Industrial Development Organization and served as a diplomat in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thesciencenetwork.org/media/videos/36/Transcript.pdf|title=The Science Studio Interview, June 10, 2006, transcript|access-date=18 March 2011|archive-date=26 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126093334/http://thesciencenetwork.org/media/videos/36/Transcript.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Colapinto"/> Ramachandran attended schools in [[Madras]], and British schools in [[Bangkok]].<ref>Ramachandran V.S., The Making of a Scientist, essay included in Curious Minds:How a Child Becomes a Scientist, page 211 [https://books.google.com/books?id=zCZUpYlozycC&dq=V.S.+Ramachandran+British+schools+Bangkok&pg=PA211]</ref>

Ramachandran obtained an [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|M.B.B.S.]] from [[Stanley Medical College]] in [[Chennai]], India.<ref name="IT2011">{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/profile/story/20110822-profile-neuroscientist-v-s-ramachandran-747233-2011-08-12 |title=The mind reader |last=Datta |first= Damayanti |work=India Today |quote=he first saw a fresh human brain as a student at the Stanley Medical College in Chennai in the 1970s. |date=12 August 2011 |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref>

In 1978, Ramachandran obtained a Ph.D. from [[Trinity College, Cambridge|Trinity College]] at the [[University of Cambridge]]. Later he moved to the US, where he spent two years at [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] as a research fellow working with [[Jack Pettigrew]] before being appointed assistant professor of psychology at the [[University of California, San Diego]] in 1983. He became a full professor there in 1988. He currently holds the rank of distinguished professor in the UCSD Psychology Department,<ref>[https://psychology.ucsd.edu/people/profiles/vramachandran.html UCSD Psychology Department faculty page for Ramachandran]</ref> and is the director of its Center for Brain and Cognition,<ref>[https://psychology.ucsd.edu/research-areas/index.html UCSD Psychology Department website]</ref><ref name="cbc.ucsd.edu">{{cite web|url=http://cbc.ucsd.edu/research.html|title=The Center for Brain and Cognition - Research|publisher=UCSD|access-date=4 July 2019|archive-date=3 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203103824/http://cbc.ucsd.edu/research.html}}</ref> where he works with graduate students and researchers from UCSD and elsewhere on emerging theories in neuroscience.<ref name = "Colapinto"/> As of July 2019, Ramachandran is also a professor in the UCSD Medical School's Neurosciences program.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medschool.ucsd.edu/education/neurograd/faculty/Pages/vilayanur-ramachandran.aspx |title=UCSD Neurosciences faculty page for Ramachandran |access-date=11 July 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029045045/https://medschool.ucsd.edu/education/neurograd/faculty/pages/vilayanur-ramachandran.aspx }}</ref> and an adjunct professor at the [[Salk Institute for Biological Studies]].<ref>[https://www.salk.edu/science/directory/adjunct-faculty/ Salk Institute list of adjunct faculty]</ref>

In 1987, Ramachandran married a fellow scientist who became his frequent co-author as Diane Rogers-Ramachandran. They have two sons, Chandramani and Jaya.<ref name="Colapinto"/>

Ramachandran's scientific work can be divided into two phases. From the early 1970s until the late 1980s, Ramachandran's work focused almost exclusively on human visual processing, especially on [[stereopsis]]. Ramachandran began publishing research in this area beginning in 1972, with a paper in ''Nature'' while still a student at Stanley Medical College.<ref>[https://www.nature.com/articles/237347a0#author-information 1972 ''Nature'' author affiliation]</ref><ref name="Colapinto"/>

In 1991, Ramachandran was inspired by Tim Pons's research on cortical plasticity. Pons demonstrated cortical reorganization in monkeys after the amputation of a finger. Ramachandran was one of the first researchers to recognize the potential of neuroimaging technology to demonstrate the plastic changes that take place in the human cortex after amputation.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-15938103 |title=What phantom limbs and mirrors teach us about the brain |last=Hegarty |first=Stephanie |work=BBC |date=5 December 2011 |access-date=6 July 2019}}</ref> Ramachandran then began research on [[phantom limb]]s, but later moved on to study a wider range of neurological mysteries, including [[body integrity dysphoria]] and the [[Capgras delusion]].

Ramachandran has encountered skepticism about some of his theories.<ref>Jarrett, Christian, A Calm Look At The Most Hyped Concept In Neuroscience-Mirror Neurons, Wired,12.13.13,[https://www.wired.com/2013/12/a-calm-look-at-the-most-hyped-concept-in-neuroscience-mirror-neurons/]</ref><ref name ="Brugger">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/67368/1/The_tell-tale_brain.pdf |title=The tell-tale brain: Unlocking the mystery of human nature |last=Brugger |first=Peter |journal=Cognitive Neuropsychiatry |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=351–358 |doi=10.1080/13546805.2012.685295|quote=Although the ''TellTale Brain'' does contain a lot of pop on the surface, the overall content is very much Popper|date=7 December 2018 |s2cid=144065665 |access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="YaleUndergrad">{{Cite web |url=https://www.yalescientific.org/2014/07/unsolved-mysteries-phantom-limbs/ |title=Unsolved Mysteries: Phantom Limbs |last=Adler |first=Tessa |work=Yale Scientific (a student publication at Yale University) |date=1 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2019}}</ref> Ramachandran has responded, "I have—for better or worse—roamed the whole landscape of visual perception, stereopsis, phantom limbs, denial of paralysis, Capgras syndrome, synaesthesia, and many others."<ref>Ramachandran, V.S. Author Response, Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Vol. 17, Issue 4, 2012</ref>

Ramachandran has served as a consultant in areas such as forensic psychology and the neuroscience of weight reduction. In 2007, Ramachandran served as an [[expert witness]] on [[pseudocyesis]] (false pregnancy) at the trial of [[Lisa Marie Montgomery]].<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna21351116 AP, NBC website, Crime and Courts,17 October 2007]</ref> Ramachandran has served as a consultant to the Modius company which is developing weight reduction technology that relies on electrically stimulating parts of the brain that control weight loss.<ref>Auerbach, Brad, Modius Intends To Buck The Trend Of Weight Loss Solutions With Data-Based Success And FDA Approval, Forbes,16 March 2018,[https://www.forbes.com/sites/bradauerbach/2018/03/16/modius-intends-to-buck-the-trend-of-weight-loss-solutions-with-data-based-success-and-fda-approval/]</ref>

In his scientific work, Ramachandran often uses simple equipment, such as mirrors or old-fashioned [[stereoscope]]s, rather than complex brain imaging technologies such as fMRI. Ramachandran has been outspoken about his intuition-based approach to studying the brain. In an interview with [[Frontline (magazine)|''Frontline'' magazine]]<ref>Sashi Kumar, "In the mind of the brain", ''Frontline'', Volume 23, Issue 06, 25 Mar. – 7 April 2006 [https://frontline.thehindu.com/static/html/fl2306/stories/20060407005400400.htm]{{Dead link|date=May 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ramachandran stated:<blockquote>Intuition is what gets you started; then you need empirical studies... brain-imaging technology often lulls you into a false sense of having understood what's going on. So sometimes, not having technology - that's my own approach and that of some of my colleagues, we use it only when it's absolutely essential, just like medical diagnostics. We rely more on intuition in doing simple experiments, because if you rely on fancy medical imaging, you become less creative.</blockquote>

==Research and theory==

===Phantom limbs===
{{main|Phantom limb}}
When an arm or leg is amputated, patients often continue to feel vividly the presence of the missing limb as a "phantom limb" (an average of 80%). Building on earlier work by [[Ronald Melzack]] (McGill University) and Timothy Pons (NIMH), Ramachandran theorized that there was a link between the phenomenon of phantom limbs and [[neural plasticity]] in the adult [[human brain]]. To test this theory, Ramachandran recruited amputees, so that he could learn more about if phantom limbs could "feel" a stimulus to other parts of the body.<ref name ="medhist">{{Cite journal |title='It's All Done With Mirrors': V.S. Ramachandran and the Material Culture of Phantom Limb Research |last=Guenther |first=Katja |journal=Medical History |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=342–358 |quote=Ramachandran subsequently confirmed these results in a magnetoencephalography (MEG) study. |year=2016|doi=10.1017/mdh.2016.27 |doi-access=free|pmid=27292324 |pmc=4904333 |s2cid=38039064 }}</ref>

In 1992, in collaboration with T.T. Yang, S. Gallen, and others at the Scripps Research Institute who were conducting [[magnetoencephalography|MEG]] research,<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Ramachandran|first1= VS|last2=Hirstein |first2=W |year= 1998|title= The perception of phantom limbs. The D. O. Hebb lecture.|url= https://www.rctn.org/bruno/psc129/handouts/rama2.pdf|journal= Brain|volume= 121|issue=9 |pages= 1603–30 |quote=We realized that MEG studies could also be useful in determining whether remapping effects of the kind reported in monkeys would also be seen in human patients following amputation. |access-date=8 July 2019 |doi= 10.1093/brain/121.9.1603|pmid= 9762952|doi-access= free}}</ref> Ramachandran initiated a project to demonstrate that there had been measurable changes in the somatosensory cortex of a patient who had undergone an arm amputation.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00001756-199402000-00010 |pmid=8199341 |title=Noninvasive detection of cerebral plasticity in adult human somatosensory cortex |journal=NeuroReport |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=701–4 |year=1994 |last1=Yang |first1=T. T |last2=Gallen |first2=C. C |last3=Ramachandran |first3=V. S |last4=Cobb |first4=S |last5=Schwartz |first5=B. J |last6=Bloom |first6=F. E }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/nrn1991 |pmid=17053811 |title=Phantom limb pain: A case of maladaptive CNS plasticity? |journal=Nature Reviews Neuroscience |volume=7 |issue=11 |pages=873–81 |year=2006 |last1=Flor |first1=Herta |last2=Nikolajsen |first2=Lone |last3=Staehelin Jensen |first3=Troels |s2cid=2809584 }}</ref>

Ramachandran theorized that there was a relationship between the cortical reorganization evident in the MEG image and the non-painful referred sensations he had observed in other subjects.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1126/science.1439826 |pmid=1439826 |title=Perceptual correlates of massive cortical reorganization |journal=Science |volume=258 |issue=5085 |pages=1159–60 |year=1992 |last1=Ramachandran |first1=V |last2=Rogers-Ramachandran |first2=D |last3=Stewart |first3=M |last4=Pons |first4=Tim P |bibcode=1992Sci...258.1159R |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Nature1994">{{cite journal |last1=Yang |first1= Tony T|last2=Gallen |first2=C |last3= Schwartz|first3= B|last4= Bloom|first4= FE|last5=Ramachandran |first5=VS |last6= Cobb|first6=S |year= 1994|title= Sensory maps in the human brain|journal=Nature |volume= 368 |issue= 6472 |pages= 592–593|doi=10.1038/368592b0 |pmid= 8145842|quote=We conclude that new patterns of precisely organized and functionally effective connections can emerge in the adult human brain.|bibcode= 1994Natur.368..592Y|s2cid= 4260822}}</ref>

Later researchers found that non-painful phantom limbs correlated less with motor or somatosensory plasticity than painful phantom limbs.<ref>Reorganization of Motor and Somatosensory Cortex in Upper Extremity Amputees with Phantom Limb Pain, Karl, Birbaumer, Lutzenberger, Cohen, Flor, Journal of Neuroscience 15 May 2001,21(10)[https://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/10/3609]</ref> Recent research has also shown that the peripheral nervous system is involved in painful phantom limb phenomena.<ref name = "2018Rev1">{{cite journal |last1=Collins |first1= Kassondra L|last2=Russell |first2= Hannah G.|year= 2018|title= A review of current theories and treatments for phantom limb pain|journal= J Clin Invest|volume=128 |issue= 6|pages= 2168–2176|doi= 10.1172/JCI94003|pmid= 29856366|pmc= 5983333|quote= Currently, the most commonly posited CNS theory is the cortical remapping theory (CRT), in which the brain is believed to respond to limb loss by reorganizing somatosensory maps (16)... Debate still remains over the cause and maintaining factors of both phantom limbs and the associated pain.
}}</ref>

Research continues into more precise mechanisms and explanations.<ref name = "2018Rev2">{{cite journal |last1= Kaur|first1= Amreet|last2= Guan|first2= Yuxi|year= 2018|title= Phantom limb pain: A literature review|journal=Chin J Traumatol |volume= 21|issue= 6|pages=366–368 |doi= 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.04.006|pmid= 30583983|pmc= 6354174|quote= It is unsurprising that with an amputation that such an intricate highway of information transport to and from the periphery may have the potential for problematic neurologic developments...Although phantom limb sensation has already been described and proposed by French military surgeon Ambroise Pare 500 years ago, there is still no detailed explanation of its mechanisms.}}</ref>

===Mirror visual feedback/mirror therapy===
{{main|Mirror box}}
[[File:Dr. Vilayanur S. Ramachandran and psychology student Matthew Marradi holding the original Mirror Box.jpg|thumb|Ramachandran standing next to the original [[mirror box]]]]
Writing in 2009, [[John Colapinto]] (author of Ramachandran's profile<ref name="Colapinto"/> in ''[[The New Yorker]]'') said that [[mirror box]] therapy for amputees was Ramachandran's most noted achievement.<ref name="colapinto2">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/john-colapinto-ramachandrans-mirror-trick |title=John Colapinto: Ramachandran's Mirror Trick |last=Colapinto |first=John |author-link= John Colapinto |magazine=The New Yorker |date=4 May 2009|quote=As a child, he was obsessed with magic tricks and illusions. So I think it's no coincidence that the insight that made his name in science is his work using mirrors to alleviate phantom-limb pain, the excruciating, unremitting agony that many amputees feel in their missing limbs. |access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref>

Ramachandran thought that [[phantom pain]] might be caused by the mismatch between different parts of an amputee's nervous systems: the [[visual system]] says the limb is missing, but the [[somatosensory system]] (processing body sensations such as touch and limb position) says the limb is still there. The so-called mirror box was a simple apparatus that uses a mirror reflecting an amputee's good arm so it appears to be the extension of the one missing:
<blockquote>They put their surviving arm through a hole in the side of a box with a mirror inside, so that, peering through the open top, they would see their arm and its mirror image, as if they had two arms. Ramachandran then asked them to move both their intact arm and, in their mind, their phantom arm—to pretend that they were conducting an orchestra, say. The patients had the sense that they had two arms again.<ref name="gawande2008">{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2008/06/30/the-itch |title=John Colapinto: Ramachandran's Mirror Trick |last=Gawande |first=Atul |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |quote=The mirror treatment, by contrast, targets the deranged sensor system itself. It essentially takes a misfiring sensor—a warning system functioning under an illusion that something is terribly wrong out in the world it monitors—and feeds it an alternate set of signals that calm it down. The new signals may even reset the sensor. |date=23 June 2008 |access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref></blockquote>

Ramachandran found that in some cases restoring movement to a paralyzed phantom limb reduced the pain experienced.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rspb.1996.0058 |pmid=8637922 |title=Synaesthesia in Phantom Limbs Induced with Mirrors |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=263 |issue=1369 |pages=377–86 |year=1996 |last1=Ramachandran |first1=V. S |last2=Rogers-Ramachandran |first2=D |bibcode=1996RSPSB.263..377R |s2cid=4819370 }}</ref> In 1999 Ramachandran and Eric Altschuler expanded the mirror technique from amputees to improving the muscle control of stroke patients with weakened limbs.<ref name="1999Stroke">{{cite journal |last1=Altschuler |first1= Eric Lewin|last2= Wisdom|first2= Sidney B|date= 12 June 1999|title= Rehabilitation of hemiparesis after stroke with a mirror|url= https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)00920-4/fulltext|journal= The Lancet|volume=353 |issue= 9169|pages=2035–2036 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(99)00920-4 |pmid= 10376620|s2cid= 3202937|access-date=24 July 2019|quote=Use of the mirror may also help recruit the premotor cortex to help with motor rehabilitation...On a number of neurological and psychological levels, mirror therapy may help to reverse elements of learned disuse of the affected limb.|url-access= subscription}}</ref> As Deconick et al. state in a 2014 review, the mechanism of improved motor control may differ from the mechanism of pain relief.<ref name="2014Reflections">{{cite journal |last1= Deconinck |first1= Frederik JA|last2=Smorenburg |first2=Ana RP |date= 26 August 2014|title=Reflections on Mirror Therapy: A Systematic Review of the Effect of Mirror Visual Feedback on the Brain |journal= Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair|volume= 29|issue= 4|pages=349–361 |doi= 10.1177/1545968314546134|pmid= 25160567|s2cid= 20486498|doi-access= free}}</ref>

Despite the introduction of mirror therapy in the late 1990s, little research was published on it before 2009, and much of the research since then has been of contested quality.<ref name="Barbin">{{cite journal |last1= Jessie|first1= Barbin|last2= Seetha|first2=Vanessa |year=2016 |title=The effects of mirror therapy on pain and motor control of phantom limb in amputees: A systematic review |journal=Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine |volume=59 |issue= 4|pages=270–275|quote=Up to the 26th November 2015, 85 articles were retrieved on the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases with using the keywords phantom limb and mirror therapy. It was noted that from 2009, the number of articles increased markedly (Fig. 1), showing increased interest in MT following amputation. |doi= 10.1016/j.rehab.2016.04.001|pmid= 27256539|doi-access=free}}</ref> Out of 115 publications between 2012 and 2017 about using mirror therapy to treat phantom limb pain, a 2018 review, found only 15 studies whose scientific results should be considered. From these 15 studies, the reviewers concluded that "MT seems to be effective in relieving PLP, reducing the intensity and duration of daily pain episodes. It is a valid, simple, and inexpensive treatment for PLP."<ref name="2018ReviewMT">{{cite journal |last1= Campo-Prieto|first1= P|last2=Rodríguez-Fuentes |first2= G|date= 14 November 2018|title= Effectiveness of mirror therapy in phantom limb pain: A literature review|journal= Neurologia |volume= 37|issue= 8|pages= 668–681|doi= 10.1016/j.nrl.2018.08.003|pmid= 30447854|quote=It is a valid, simple, and inexpensive treatment for PLP. The methodological quality of most publications in this field is very limited, highlighting the need for additional, high-quality studies to develop clinical protocols that could maximise the benefits of MT for patients with PLP. |doi-access= free|hdl= 11093/7746|hdl-access= free}}</ref> Similarly, a 2017 review that studied a wider range of uses for mirror therapy, concluded, "Mirror therapy has been used to treat phantom limb pain, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathy and low back pain. The mechanism of action of mirror therapy remains uncertain, and the evidence for clinical efficacy of mirror therapy is encouraging, but not yet definitive."<ref>Mirror therapy: A potential intervention for pain management, Wittkopf, Johnson,2017 Nov;63(11):[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29451665]</ref>

===Mirror neurons===
{{main|Mirror neuron}}
Mirror neurons were first reported in a paper published in 1992 by a team of researchers led by [[Giacomo Rizzolatti]] at the [[University of Parma]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s00221-009-2002-3 |pmid=19760408 |title=Mirror neurons: From discovery to autism |journal=Experimental Brain Research |volume=200 |issue=3–4 |pages=223–37 |year=2009 |last1=Rizzolatti |first1=Giacomo |last2=Fabbri-Destro |first2=Maddalena |s2cid=3342808 }}</ref> According to Rizzolati, "Mirror neurons are a specific type of visuomotor neuron that discharge both when a monkey executes a motor act and when it observes a similar motor act performed by another individual."<ref name="2014RizzFog">{{cite journal |last1=Rizzolatti |first1=Giacomo |last2= Fogassi|first2= Leonard|year= 2014|title= The mirror mechanism: recent findings and perspectives|journal= Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci|volume= 369|issue= 1644 |article-number=20130420 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2013.0420 |pmid=24778385 |pmc= 4006191}}</ref>

In 2000, Ramachandran made what he called some "purely speculative conjectures" that "mirror neurons [in humans] will do for psychology what DNA did for biology: they will provide a unifying framework and help explain a host of mental abilities that have hitherto remained mysterious and inaccessible to experiments."<ref name="Edge2000">{{Cite web |url=https://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran/ramachandran_index.html |title=MIRROR NEURONS and imitation learning as the driving force behind 'the great leap forward' in human evolution |last=Ramachandran |first=Vilayanur |publisher=Edge.org |quote=Thus I regard Rizzolati's discovery — and my purely speculative conjectures on their key role in our evolution — as the most important unreported story of the last decade. |date=31 May 2000 |access-date=25 July 2019}}</ref>

Ramachandran has suggested that research into the role of mirror neurons could help explain a variety of human mental capacities such as empathy, imitation learning, and the evolution of language. In a 2001 essay for ''Edge'', Ramachandran speculated that <blockquote>I suggested that in addition to providing a neural substrate for figuring out another persons intentions...the emergence and subsequent sophistication of mirror neurons in hominids may have played a crucial role in many quintessentially human abilities such as empathy, learning through imitation (rather than trial and error), and the rapid transmission of what we call "culture". (And the "great leap forward" — the rapid Lamarckian transmission of "accidental") one-of-a kind inventions.<ref>[https://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/ramachandran07/ramachandran07_index.html "Mirror Neurons and the Great Leap Forward"]</ref></blockquote>

Ramchandran's speculations about the connection of mirror neurons with empathy have been contested by some authors and supported by others.<ref name="web.archive.org">Baron-Cohen, Making Sense of the Brain's Mysteries, American Scientist, On-line Book Review, July–August 2011 [https://web.archive.org/web/20111014003257/http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/making-sense-of-the-brains-mysteries]</ref><ref>Taylor, John, Mirror Neurons After a Quarter Century: New light, new cracks, Science In The News (web article)Harvard University,29 Aug 2016 [http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2016/mirror-neurons-quarter-century-new-light-new-cracks/]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmc = 4006183|year = 2014|last1 = Woodward|first1 = A. L.|title = Mirroring and the development of action understanding|journal = Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences|volume = 369|issue = 1644|article-number = 20130181|last2 = Gerson|first2 = S. A.|pmid = 24778377|doi = 10.1098/rstb.2013.0181}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |pmc = 5810456|year = 2018|last1 = Jeon|first1 = H.|title = From Neurons to Social Beings: Short Review of the Mirror Neuron System Research and Its Socio-Psychological and Psychiatric Implications|journal = Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience|volume = 16|issue = 1|pages = 18–31|last2 = Lee|first2 = S. H.|pmid = 29397663|doi = 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.18}}</ref>

==="Broken Mirrors" theory of autism===
{{main|Mechanism of autism}}
In 1999, Ramachandran, in collaboration with then post-doctoral fellow Eric Altschuler and colleague Jaime Pineda, hypothesized that a dysfunction of [[mirror neuron]] activity might be responsible for some of the symptoms and signs of autism spectrum disorders.<ref name="SciAm2006">{{cite journal |last1= Ramachandran |first1= Vilayanur S |last2= Oberman |first2= Lindsay M|year= 2006 |title= Broken Mirrors: A Theory of Autism |journal= Scientific American |volume=295 |issue=5 |pages= 62–9|doi=10.1038/scientificamerican1106-62|pmid= 17076085 |quote=Because these neurons appeared to be involved in abilities such as empathy and the perception of another individuals intentions, it seemed logical to hypothesize that a dysfunction of the mirror neuron system could result in some of the symptoms of autism. }}</ref> Between 2000 and 2006 Ramachandran and his colleagues at UC San Diego published a number of articles in support of this theory, which became known as the "Broken Mirrors" theory of autism.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.01.014 |pmid=15993757 |title=EEG evidence for mirror neuron dysfunction in autism spectrum disorders |journal=Cognitive Brain Research |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=190–8 |year=2005 |last1=Oberman |first1=Lindsay M |last2=Hubbard |first2=Edward M |last3=McCleery |first3=Joseph P |last4=Altschuler |first4=Eric L |last5=Ramachandran |first5=Vilayanur S |last6=Pineda |first6=Jaime A }}</ref><ref name="SciAm2006" /><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.310 |pmid=17338602 |title=The simulating social mind: The role of the mirror neuron system and simulation in the social and communicative deficits of autism spectrum disorders |journal=Psychological Bulletin |volume=133 |issue=2 |pages=310–27 |year=2007 |last1=Oberman |first1=Lindsay M |last2=Ramachandran |first2=Vilayanur S |s2cid=8679021 }}</ref> Ramachandran and his colleagues did not measure mirror neuron activity directly; rather they demonstrated that children with ASD showed abnormal EEG responses (known as [[Mu wave]] suppression) when they observed the activities of other people. In ''[[The Tell-Tale Brain]]'' (2010), Ramachandran states that the evidence for mirror-neuron dysfunction in autism is "compelling but not conclusive."<ref name="web.archive.org"/>

The contention that mirror neurons play a role in autism has been extensively discussed and researched.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.008|pmid = 23245224|title = Reflecting on the mirror neuron system in autism: A systematic review of current theories|journal = Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience|volume = 3|pages = 91–105|year = 2013|last1 = Hamilton|first1 = Antonia F. de C.|pmc = 6987721}}</ref><ref>Two systems for action comprehension in autism:mirroring and mentalizing, Baron-Cohen, Tager-Flusberg & Lombardo, Chapter in Understanding Other Minds [http://www.antoniahamilton.com/HamiltonMarsh_UoM_preprint.pdf]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1086/688133| title=The Myth of Mirror Neurons: The Real Neuroscience of Communication and Cognition. By Gregory Hickok. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. $26.95. Ix + 292 p.; ill.; index. {{text|ISBN}}: 978-0-393-08961-5. 2014| journal=The Quarterly Review of Biology| volume=91| issue=3| pages=368–369| year=2016| last1=Fitch| first1=W. Tecumseh}}</ref><ref name="2017review">{{Cite journal | doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00205| pmid=28101064| title=Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review| journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry| volume=7| year=2017| last1=Hull| first1=Jocelyn V.| last2=Dokovna| first2=Lisa B.| last3=Jacokes| first3=Zachary J.| last4=Torgerson| first4=Carinna M.| last5=Irimia| first5=Andrei| last6=Van Horn| first6=John Darrell| page=205| pmc=5209637| doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="MNS2018">{{cite journal |last1= Khalil|first1=Radwa |last2= Tindle|first2= Richard|year= 2018|title= Social decision making in autism: On the impact of mirror neurons, motor control, and imitative behaviors|journal=CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics |volume= 24|issue= 10|pages= 669–676|doi= 10.1111/cns.13037|pmid=29963752 |quote=Based on the current studies, we suggest a multilayer neural network model including the MNS on a first layer and transforming this information to a higher layer network responsible for reasoning|pmc= 6489775}}</ref>

===Neural basis of synesthesia===
[[File:synaesthesiatest.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Synesthetes who experience color when viewing different symbols may quickly identify the presence of the "triangle" in the left-hand image.]]
{{main|Synesthesia}}
Ramachandran was one of the first scientists to theorize that grapheme-color synesthesia arises from a cross-activation between brain regions.<ref name="ramachandran2001">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ramachandran VS, Hubbard EM |name-list-style=amp |title=Synaesthesia: A window into perception, thought and language |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=3–34 |year=2001 |url=http://cbc.ucsd.edu/pdf/Synaesthesia%20-%20JCS.pdf |access-date=22 April 2011 |archive-date=13 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813064348/http://cbc.ucsd.edu/pdf/Synaesthesia%20-%20JCS.pdf }}</ref><ref name="pmid15797557">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.008 |pmid=15797557 |title=Individual Differences among Grapheme-Color Synesthetes: Brain-Behavior Correlations |journal=Neuron |volume=45 |issue=6 |pages=975–85 |year=2005 |last1=Hubbard |first1=Edward M |last2=Arman |first2=A. Cyrus |last3=Ramachandran |first3=Vilayanur S |last4=Boynton |first4=Geoffrey M |s2cid=8228084 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Ramachandran and his graduate student, Ed Hubbard, conducted research with [[functional magnetic resonance imaging]] that found increased activity in [[Visual cortex#V4|the color recognition areas of the brain]] in synesthetes compared to non-synesthetes.<ref name="pmid15797557" /><ref name="pmid16269367">{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.012 |pmid=16269367 |title=Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Synesthesia |journal=Neuron |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=509–20 |year=2005 |last1=Hubbard |first1=Edward M |last2=Ramachandran |first2=V.S |s2cid=18730779 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Ramachandran has speculated that conceptual metaphors may also have a neurological basis in cortical cross-activation. As of 2015, the neurological basis of synesthesia had not been established.<ref>Hupel, Jean-Michel, Dojat, Michel, A critical review of the neuroimaging literature on synesthesia, Frontiers In Human Neuroscience,2015,9,103, Published online 2015 Mar 3 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4379872/]</ref>

===Xenomelia (apotemnophilia)===
{{main|Body integrity dysphoria}}
In 2008, Ramachandran, along with David Brang and [[Paul McGeoch]], published the first paper to theorize that [[apotemnophilia]] is a neurological disorder caused by damage to the right [[parietal lobe]] of the brain.<ref name="brang2008">{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/WNR.0b013e32830abc4d |pmid=18695512 |title=Apotemnophilia: A neurological disorder |journal=NeuroReport |volume=19 |issue=13 |pages=1305–6 |year=2008 |last1=Brang |first1=David |last2=McGeoch |first2=Paul D |last3=Ramachandran |first3=Vilayanur S |s2cid=42373109 }}</ref> This rare disorder, in which a person desires the amputation of a limb, was first identified by [[John Money]] in 1977. Building on medical case studies that linked brain damage to syndromes such as [[somatoparaphrenia]] (lack of limb ownership), the authors speculated that the desire for amputation could be related to changes in the right parietal lobe. In 2011, McGeoch, Brang and Ramachandran reported a functional imaging experiment involving four subjects who desired lower limb amputations. MEG scans demonstrated that their right superior parietal lobules were significantly less active in response to tactile stimulation of a limb that the subjects wished to have amputated, as compared to age- and sex-matched controls.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1136/jnnp-2011-300224 |pmid=21693632 |title=Xenomelia: A new right parietal lobe syndrome |journal=Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry |volume=82 |issue=12 |pages=1314–9 |year=2011 |last1=McGeoch |first1=P. D |last2=Brang |first2=D |last3=Song |first3=T |last4=Lee |first4=R. R |last5=Huang |first5=M |last6=Ramachandran |first6=V. S |s2cid=18965282 }}</ref> The authors introduced the word ''xenomelia'' to describe this syndrome, which is derived from the Greek for "foreign" and "limb".

==="Phantom sex" theory of gender incongruence===
{{main| Causes of gender incongruence}}
In 2008, Ramachandran, along with McGeoch, published the first paper to theorize that [[gender dysphoria]] is caused by "a mis-match between the brain's hardwired gender-specific body image and the external somatic gender".<ref name="ramachandran2008">{{cite journal |title=Phantom penises in transsexuals |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=5–16 |last1=Ramachandran |first1=Vilayanur S |last2=McGeoch |first2=Paul D }}</ref> The authors surveyed a group of [[trans women]] about their experiences of phantom penile sensations following [[gender-affirming surgery]], as well as a group of [[trans men]]. Responses showed that trans women experienced phantom penile sensations at significantly lower rates than [[cis men]] who have undergone a [[penectomy]]. Conversely, trans men experienced phantom penile sensations at equal rates to cis men. In 2017, Laura Case, Brang, Ramachandran, and some other authors, found that trans men experience altered brain activity in regions associated with xenomelia when their breasts are touched. They found alterations of white matter in these regions of the brain too.<ref name="caselk2017">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s10508-016-0850-z |pmid=27646840 |title=Altered White Matter and Sensory Response to Bodily Sensation in Female-to-Male Transgender Individuals |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |volume=46 |issue=5 |pages=1223–1237 |year=2017 |last1=Case |first1=Laura K |last2=Brang |first2=David |last3=Landazuri |first3=Rosalynn |last4=Viswanathan |first4=Pavitra |last5=Ramachandran |first5=Vilayanur S |pmc=5357597 }}</ref>

=== Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ===
{{main|Obsessive-compulsive disorder}}

Ramachandran, with [[Baland Jalal]] and colleagues, conducted the first studies using the [[rubber hand illusion]] to investigate self-representation in [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]] (OCD). In these studies, contaminating a rubber hand with fake feces during the illusion led participants without OCD to report OCD-like disgust.<ref>{{Cite web |title=To Study OCD, Scientists Get Their (Rubber) Hands Dirty |url=https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/to-study-ocd-scientists-get-their-rubber-hands-dirty |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Discover Magazine |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jalal |first1=Baland |last2=Krishnakumar |first2=Divya |last3=Ramachandran |first3=Vilayanur S. |date=2015-12-07 |title="I Feel Contaminated in My Fake Hand": Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder like Disgust Sensations Arise from Dummy during Rubber Hand Illusion |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=10 |issue=12 |article-number=e0139159 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0139159 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4671689 |pmid=26642323|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1039159J }}</ref> Follow-up work with Jalal and Richard McNally found that OCD patients were more susceptible to the illusion, sometimes even when visual and tactile cues were out of sync, suggesting a more flexible body image.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jalal |first1=Baland |last2=McNally |first2=Richard J. |last3=Elias |first3=Jason A. |last4=Potluri |first4=Sriramya |last5=Ramachandran |first5=Vilayanur S. |date=2019 |title="Fake it till You Make it"! Contaminating Rubber Hands ("Multisensory Stimulation Therapy") to Treat Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder |journal=Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |volume=13 |page=414 |doi=10.3389/fnhum.2019.00414 |doi-access=free |issn=1662-5161 |pmc=6962184 |pmid=31998095}}</ref> The research also explored using the illusion as an indirect exposure technique, offering a potential gentler alternative to traditional treatments.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-09 |title=OCD: Rubber hand party trick could help sufferers, new study says |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-51035808 |access-date=2025-06-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Kelland |first=Kate |date=2020-01-09 |title=Feces-smeared fakes: Scientists use rubber hands in OCD therapy |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/feces-smeared-fakes-scientists-use-rubber-hands-in-ocd-therapy-idUSKBN1Z80FM/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017, Ramachandran and Jalal found that individuals with OCD symptoms felt disgust simply by watching an experimenter contaminate himself—and relief, after self-contamination, by watching him wash his hands.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jalal |first1=Baland |last2=Ramachandran |first2=Vilayanur S. |date=2017-01-02 |title="I feel your disgust and relief": can the action understanding system (mirror neuron system) be recruited to induce disgust and relief from contamination vicariously, in individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder symptoms? |journal=Neurocase |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=31–35 |doi=10.1080/13554794.2017.1279638 |pmid=28165861 |issn=1355-4794}}</ref> In 2021, these findings were extended to a clinical OCD population.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jalal |first1=Baland |last2=McNally |first2=Richard J. |last3=Elias |first3=Jason A. |last4=Ramachandran |first4=Vilayanur S. |date=January 2021 |title="Vicarious exposure": "Spooky action" at a distance in obsessive-compulsive disorder |journal=Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders |volume=28 |article-number=100606 |doi=10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100606 |issn=2211-3649}}</ref> Exploring clinical implications, and working with Jalal and Barbara Sahakian, they found that individuals with contamination fears showed improved symptoms after watching brief daily smartphone videos of themselves touching fake feces or washing their hands for one week.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jalal |first1=Baland |last2=Brühl |first2=Annette |last3=O'Callaghan |first3=Claire |last4=Piercy |first4=Thomas |last5=Cardinal |first5=Rudolf N. |last6=Ramachandran |first6=Vilayanur S. |last7=Sahakian |first7=Barbara J. |date=2018-10-23 |title=Novel Smartphone Interventions Improve Cognitive Flexibility and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Individuals with Contamination Fears |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=8 |issue=1 |article-number=14923 |doi=10.1038/s41598-018-33142-2 |pmid=30353111 |pmc=6199277 |issn=2045-2322}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Stanley-Becker |first1=Isaac |last2=Milbank |first2=Dana |last3=Stein |first3=Perry |last4=Hax |first4=Carolyn |last5=Heim |first5=Joe |last6=Marimow |first6=Ann |last7=Jouvenal |first7=Justin |last8=Mourtoupalas |first8=Nick |last9=Uraizee |first9=Irfan |date=2018-10-25 |title=Obsessive-compulsive disorder: The simple videos that researchers hope will help people who scrub their hands until they bleed |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2018/10/25/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-simple-videos-that-researchers-hope-will-help-people-who-scrub-their-hands-until-they-bleed/ |access-date=2025-06-20 |newspaper=The Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Correspondent |first=Mark Bridge, Technology |date=2018-11-26 |title=Videos on app help patients resist obsessive compulsions |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/healthcare/article/videos-on-app-help-patients-resist-obsessive-compulsions-xm8vjg667 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=www.thetimes.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Popularity==

Ramachandran is the author of several books on neurology such as ''[[Phantoms in the Brain]]'' (1998) and ''[[The Tell-Tale Brain]]'' (2010). ''Phantoms in the Brain'' became the basis for a 2001 PBS [[Nova (American TV series)|Nova]] special.<ref name="PBSNova1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mind/ |title=Secrets of the Mind |publisher=PBS |date=23 October 2001 |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="PBSNova2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/mind/notebook.html |title=From Ramachandran's Notebook |publisher=PBS |date=23 October 2001 |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>

In 2003, the BBC chose Ramachandran to deliver that year's [[Reith Lectures]], a series of radio lectures.<ref name="BBC_Reith">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/the-reith-lectures/about |title=About Reith |publisher=BBC |quote=the BBC each year invites a leading figure to deliver a series of lectures on radio. The aim is to advance public understanding and debate about significant issues of contemporary interest. |access-date=2 July 2019}}</ref> Ramachandran's five radio talks on the topic "The Emerging Mind" were afterward published as a book with the same title.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00729d9/broadcasts/2003/04 BBC Radio 4: Five Reith Lectures delivered by Ramachandran in 2003]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=u4JuQgAACAAJ ''The Emerging Mind: The Reith Lectures 2003'']</ref>

Ramachandran has also given talks, including [[TED (conference)#TED.com|TED talks]] in 2007 and 2010.<ref name="TED_talks">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ted.com/speakers/vilayanur_ramachandran?language=en |title=Vilayanur Ramachandran Brain expert |publisher=TED talks website |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>

In 1997, ''Newsweek'' included him on a list of one hundred "personalities whose creativity or talent or brains or leadership will make a difference in the years ahead."<ref name="Newsweek">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newsweek.com/century-club-171592 |title=The Century Club |work=Newsweek |quote=Our object has been to take a snapshot of the future, framing some of the personalities whose creativity or talent or brains or leadership will make a difference in the years ahead. |date=20 April 1997 |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref> In 2008, ''Foreign Policy'' included Ramachandran as one of its "World's Top 100 Public Intellectuals."<ref>[https://archive.today/20170518160953/https://www.povertyactionlab.org/sites/default/files/119%20FP,%20Top%20100%20Intellectuals.pdf#selection-46.1-4635.1 list]</ref> Similarly, in 2011, [[Time Magazine|''Time'']] listed Ramachandran as one of "the most influential people in the world" on the "Time 100 list".<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2066367_2066369_2066125,00.html|title=The 2011 TIME 100 - TIME|last=Insel|first=Thomas|date=21 April 2011|magazine=Time|access-date=25 August 2017|issn=0040-781X}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
Ramachandran has received many academic and other honors. For example, from his biography at Edge.org:<ref name="EdgeBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.edge.org/memberbio/vilayanur_ramachandran |title=Vilayanur Ramachandran |work=Edge.org |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>
<blockquote>In 2005 he was awarded the Henry Dale Medal<ref name="GiffordBio"/> and elected to an honorary life membership by the [[Royal Institution]] of Great Britain,<ref name="GiffordBio"/> where he also gave a Friday evening discourse (joining the ranks of Michael Faraday, Thomas Huxley, Humphry Davy and others.) His other honours and awards include fellowships from [[All Souls College]], Oxford,<ref name="GiffordBio">{{Cite web |url=https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/vilayanur-s-ramachandran |title=Vilayanur S. Ramachandran |work=Gifford Lectures |quote=In 2003 he gave the annual BBC Reith Lectures and was the first physician/psychologist to give the lectures since they were begun in 1949. |year=2012 |access-date=14 July 2019 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414120203/https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/vilayanur-s-ramachandran }}</ref> and from Stanford University (Hilgard Visiting Professor); the Presidential Lecture Award from the American Academy of Neurology,<ref name="Award">{{Cite web |url=https://issuu.com/americanacademyofneurology/docs/18_december_aannews_web_v008 |title=2019 Presidential Plenary Session |work=AAAnews |quote=In non-AAN election years, this premier lecture is awarded to a neurologist chosen by the AAN president. In election years the lecture is presented by the outgoing president. |year=2018 |access-date=14 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="PresidentialLecture">{{Cite journal |journal=Neurology Today |volume=1 |page=7 |year=2002 |doi=10.1097/01.NT.0000284471.13639.67 |last1=Moyer |first1=Paula |title=Focus on 'big Questions' Hearkens to Neurologyʼs Origins }}</ref> two honorary doctorates,<ref name="sciDirect">{{Cite journal |title=EEG evidence for mirror neuron activity during the observation of human and robot actions: Toward an analysis of the human qualities of interactive robots |volume=70 |issue=13–15 |pages=2194–2203 |journal= Neurocomputing|quote=He has received many honors and awards including a fellowship from All souls college, Oxford, an honorary doctorate from Connecticut college, an honorary doctorate from IIT, Madras... |year=2006 |doi=10.1016/j.neucom.2006.02.024 |last1=Oberman |first1=Lindsay M. |last2=McCleery |first2=Joseph P. |last3=Ramachandran |first3=Vilayanur S. |last4=Pineda |first4=Jaime A. }}</ref> the annual [[Ramon y Cajal]] award from the International Neuropsychiatry Society,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inawebsite.org/ramon-y-cajal-award|title=International Neuropsychiatric Association|website=International Neuropsychiatric Association|access-date=9 May 2017|archive-date=14 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714205348/https://www.inawebsite.org/ramon-y-cajal-award}}</ref> and the [[Ariëns Kappers Medal|Ariens Kappers medal]] from the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences|Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="Zee2012">{{cite book|author=Sytze van der Zee |author-link=:nl:Sytze van der Zee |title=Pijn: een biografie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7Rh4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PT293|date=9 November 2012|publisher=Bezige Bij b.v., Uitgeverij De|isbn=978-90-234-7267-4|page=293}}</ref></blockquote>

In 2007, the president of India conferred on him the third highest civilian award and honorific title in India, the [[Padma Bhushan]].<ref name="UCSD2007">{{Cite web |url=https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/archive/thisweek/2007/02/26_ramachandran.asp |title=Renowned Neuroscientist Receives Distinguished Service Award |last=Kiderra |first=Inga |work=UCSD News |quote=Established in 1954 by the president of India, the Padma Bhushan recognizes distinguished service of a high order to the nation, in any field. |date=7 December 2018 |access-date=30 June 2019}}</ref>

In 2014, the [[ARCS Foundation]] (Achievement Rewards for College Scientists) named Ramachandran its "Scientist of the Year."<ref name="2014ARCS">{{Cite web |url=https://neurosciencenews.com/ramachandran-scientist-of-year-neuroscientist-news-949/ |title=ARCS Foundation Names V. S. Ramachandran Scientist of the Year |last=Luciani |first=Kristin |work=Neuroscience News |date=11 April 2014 |access-date=5 July 2019}}</ref>

==Publications==
* ''[[Phantoms in the Brain|Phantoms in the Brain: Probing the Mysteries of the Human Mind]]'', coauthor [[Sandra Blakeslee]], 1998 ({{ISBN|0-688-17217-2}}).
* ''Encyclopedia of the Human Brain'' (editor-in-chief), three volumes, 2002 ({{ISBN|0-12-227210-2}}).
* ''The Emerging Mind'', 2003 ({{ISBN|1-86197-303-9}}).
* ''A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness: From Impostor Poodles to Purple Numbers'', 2005 ({{ISBN|0-13-187278-8}}; paperback edition).
* ''[[The Tell-Tale Brain|The Tell-Tale Brain: A Neuroscientist's Quest for What Makes Us Human]]'', 2010 ({{ISBN|978-0-393-07782-7}}).
* ''The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior'' (editor-in-chief), four-volume second edition, 2012 ({{ISBN|978-0-12-375000-6}}).

==See also==
* [[Body image]]
* [[Oliver Sacks]]
* [[Phantom limb]]
* [[Phantom pain]]
* [[Synesthesia]]
* [[Sound symbolism]] (phonaesthesia)
* [[Temporal lobe epilepsy]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Wikiquote|Vilayanur S. Ramachandran}}
* [http://cbc.ucsd.edu/ramabio.html Vilayanur S. Ramachandran (official webpage)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706011616/http://cbc.ucsd.edu/ramabio.html |date=6 July 2011 }}
* [https://www.ted.com/speakers/vilayanur_ramachandran TED Talks by Ramachandran]
* [https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00729d9/topics/Cognitive_neuroscientists Reith lectures by Ramachandran, BBC website]

{{Medicine}}
{{Neuroscience}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 2000–09}}
{{Authority control}}

;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandran, V. S.}}
[[Category:1951 births]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian medical doctors]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:American academics of Indian descent]]
[[Category:American people of Indian Tamil descent]]
[[Category:Autism researchers]]
[[Category:Cognitive neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Columbia University staff]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Society of Experimental Psychologists]]
[[Category:Harvard University staff]]
[[Category:Indian emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Indian neuroscientists]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Neurotheology]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Medical doctors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty]]
[[Category:University of California, San Diego faculty]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:Salk Institute for Biological Studies people]]

Purnea College of Engineering

2026-02-07T08:43:49Z

Ledx: expand lead additionally and improved wording for consistency

{{Short description|Engineering college in Bihar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| image = Logo of Purnea College of Engineering.png
| established = {{start date and age|2017}}
| type = Government
| affiliation = [[Bihar Engineering University]]
| principal = Prof. Manoj Kumar(Electrical)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dst.bih.nic.in/ListOfOfficers.aspx|title=Department of Science & Technology :: List of Principal, Engineering College|website=dst.bih.nic.in|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref>
| free_label = Approvals
| free = [[AICTE]]
| language = [[English language|English]] & [[Hindi]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.pcepurnia.org/}}
| undergrad = 960
}}
'''Purnea College of Engineering''' is a government-owned engineering college in [[Purnia]] district of [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collegedunia.com/college/60217-purnea-college-of-engineering-pce-purnea|title=Purnea College of Engineering - [PCE], Purnea|website=Collegedunia|language=en|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref> It is managed by the [[Department of Science and Technology, Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dst.bih.nic.in/EngineeringCollegeDetails.aspx|title=Department of Science & Technology :: List of Engineering College|website=dst.bih.nic.in|access-date=2020-01-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003134532/http://dst.bih.nic.in/EngineeringCollegeDetails.aspx|archive-date=3 October 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> College is affiliated with [[Bihar Engineering University]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://akubihar.ac.in/Colleges/EngineeringDetails.aspx?SlNo=36|title=.:Official Website : Aryabhatta Knowledge University, Patna:.|website=akubihar.ac.in|access-date=2020-01-28}}</ref> and approved by [[All India Council for Technical Education]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://facilities.aicte-india.org/dashboard/pages/angulardashboard.php#!/approved|title=List of AICTE approved Institutes for the state Bihar|website=AICTE}}</ref> The college was established in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shiksha.com/college/purnea-college-of-engineering-purnia-66403|title=Purnea College of Engineering|website=shiksha.com}}</ref>

== Admission ==
Admission in the college for four years B.Tech. course is made through [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board#UGEAC|UGEAC]] conducted by [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board]]. To apply for [[Bihar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board#UGEAC|UGEAC]], appearing in [[JEE Main]] of that admission year is required.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.careers360.com/colleges/purnea-college-of-engineering-purnea |title=Purnea College of Engineering, Purnea |website=www.careers360.com |language=en |access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref>

== Branches ==
College have total of six branches in [[Bachelor of Technology]] degree.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Branch
!'''Annual intake of students'''
|-
|[[Civil Engineering]]
|60
|-
|[[Mechanical Engineering]]
|60
|-
|[[Electrical Engineering]]
|60
|-
|[[Electronic and Communication Engineering]]
|60
|-
|[[Computer Science Engineering]]
|30
|-
|CSE with [[Artificial Intelligence]]
|30
|}

== College Campus ==
The campus is situated on the Western side of [[National Highway 31 (India)|NH-31]] road with East facing, and spread over an area of 10 acres. The campus comprises the following area :

* Academic that includes department offices, lecture Classes, seminar hall, Lab.
* Central Library, Gym, Students Cafeteria
* Student Residential Boys Hostel ([[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], [[C. V. Raman]]), Girls Hostel ([[Mother Teresa]])
* Faculty and Staff Residential
* Student Recreational Area that includes [[Volleyball]] ground, [[Badminton]] courts.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.pcepurnia.org/ Official website]
* [https://bceceboard.bihar.gov.in/ BCECE Board website]
* [http://akubihar.ac.in/ Aryabhatta Knowledge University website]
* [http://dst.bih.nic.in/ DST, Bihar website]

{{Aryabhatta Knowledge University}}
{{Engineering Colleges in Bihar}}

[[Category:Engineering colleges in Bihar]]
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Aryabhatta Knowledge University]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Bihar]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges established in 2017]]

Hugh Ian Macgarvie-Munn

2026-01-29T19:19:53Z

Ledx: created post

{{No footnotes|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}

'''Hugh Ian McGarvie-Munn''' (22 September 1919 in [[Jamadoba]], [[India]] – 4 January 1981 in [[Entrecasteaux]], France). He was a captain in the [[Seaforth Highlanders]], artist, [[naval architect]] and also served as a Guatemalan diplomat. His father was born in [[Scotland]] and was chief consultant engineer to the [[Viceroy of India]].

== Career ==
Following the murder of Colonel [[Carlos Castillo Armas]], McGarvie-Munn's father-in-law [[Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes]] was elected, on 2 March 1958, Constitutional [[President of Guatemala]]. Fuentes was incensed by [[illegal fishing]] by [[Mexicans]] on Guatemala's Pacific coast, and two Mexican fishing boats were sunk by the Guatemalan Air Force. He challenged the [[President of Mexico|Mexican president]] to a duel on the border to settle the matter, and decided that Guatemala needed a navy.

McGarvie-Munn was an artist and member of the [[Royal Institute of Naval Architects]], an association of naval architects. Fuentes founded the [[Guatemalan Navy]] and made McGarvie-Munn briefly the Commander in Chief of the Navy.

In 1974 McGarvie-Munn acquired the seventeenth-century Château of [[Entrecasteaux]] in [[Var (département)|Var]], southeast France, which became his principal residence. Hugh Ian McGarvie-Munn and his son Iain Lachlan McGarvie-Munn immediately began the restoration of this château which had fallen into ruin and opened it to the public.

== Personal life ==
In 1947 he married Carmen Atala Maria Ydígoras Laparra, the daughter of María Teresa and General and engineer Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes.

== Death and legacy ==
Upon McGarvie-Munn's death his son continued the restoration. It was largely due to their efforts that Entrecasteaux has become a popular destination for artists and tourists.

==References==
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=i7AxBgAAQBAJ Insight Guides: Provence & the French Riviera]
*[https://books.google.com/books?id=wA_V2Do8sE0C Secret France: Charming Villages & Country Tours], page 237

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mcgarvie-Munn, Hugh Ian}}
[[Category:Guatemalan diplomats]]
[[Category:1919 births]]
[[Category:1981 deaths]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:British emigrants to Guatemala]]
{{Improve categories|date=January 2026}}

1569 in India

2026-01-26T17:25:22Z

Ledx: expanded references after review and added references based on references

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{year in India|1569}}

Events from the year '''1569 in India'''.

==Events==
* 8 February – 21 March – [[Siege of Ranthambore (1568)|Siege of Ranthambore]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Karan |first=Khem |title=Akbar and Rai Surjan Hada |date=1590s |url=https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O9610/painting-akbar-directing-the-attack-against/akbar-and-rai-surjan-hada-painting-karan-khem/ |access-date=2025-06-15}}</ref>
* [[Kuchera]] uprising against Mughal rule
* [[Sadasiva Raya]] rule as the emperor of [[Vijayanagara Empire]] ends with his death (started [[1542 in India|1542]])<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle of Talikota |url=http://www.indhistory.com/talikota-battle.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040911032153/http://www.indhistory.com/talikota-battle.html |archive-date=2004-09-11 |access-date=2025-06-15 |website=www.indhistory.com}}</ref>
* [[Aliya Rama Raya]] becomes emperor of [[Vijayanagara Empire]]

==Births==
* Prince Salim (later named [[Jahangir]]) was born to [[Akbar]].

==Deaths==
* [[Sadasiva Raya]], emperor of [[Vijayanagara Empire]]

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1569}}

[[Category:1560s in India]]
[[Category:1569 by country]]
[[Category:1569 in Asia]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in India]]

== References ==
<references />{{India-year-stub}}

Gujarat Fluorochemicals

2026-01-15T19:28:01Z

Ledx: put up initial details needs work - done

{{Short description|Industrial refrigerant manufacturer in India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited
| logo = Gujarat Fluorochemicals.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]], part of InoxGFL Group
| traded_as = {{BSE|500173}} {{NSE|FLUOROCHEM}}
| founded = 1987<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sebi.gov.in/buyback/gujaratfluorochem.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 September 2016 |archive-date=18 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218124751/http://www.sebi.gov.in/buyback/gujaratfluorochem.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| hq_location = Inox Towers [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| industry = [[Industrial gases]]
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRconvert|5775|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23"/>
| profit = {{up}} {{INRconvert|1328|c}} (FY23)<ref name="fy23">{{cite news |title=Gujarat Fluorochemicals Ltd Q4FY23 consolidated PAT up at Rs. 331.88 crores |url=https://www.equitybulls.com/category.php?id=331103 |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=EquityBulls |date=5 May 2023}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.gfl.co.in}}
}}

'''Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited''' ('''GFL''') is an industrial refrigerant manufacturer in [[India]]. It is one of the largest producers (by volume) of [[chloromethane]], [[refrigerant]]s and [[polytetrafluoroethylene]] (PTFE).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/news-leader-speak/deepak-asher-director-group-head-corporate-finance-gujarat-fluorochemicals-115103100049_1.html|title=Deepak Asher, Director & Group Head (Corporate Finance), Gujarat Fluorochemicals|last=indiainfoline.com|access-date=2016-09-21}}</ref>

== History ==
The company was incorporated in 1987, is a subsidiary of Inox Leasing and Finance Limited. GFL has two manufacturing facilities in [[Gujarat]], a refrigerant plant at Ranjitnagar near Ghoghmba town Panchmahal, and a PTFE facility at Dahej.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gfl.co.in/aboutus.php|title=About Gujarat Fluorochemicals Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/company/gujarat-fluorochemicals-ltd/1128|title=Gujarat fluorochemicals ltd Stock/Share Price, Live BSE/NSE Gujarat fluorochemicals ltd Price, Gujarat fluorochemicals ltd Financial News at www.Indiainfoline.com}}</ref> It has two subsidiaries - Gujarat Fluorochemicals Americas LLC and Gujarat Fluorochemicals GmbH to cater Americana and European operations respectively.{{fact|date=November 2024}}

== Controversies ==
In 2000s, the company was embroiled in "shoddy practice" of destroying [[HFC 23]], a byproduct released in the coolant-making process at its plant at Nathkuva village in [[Halol]]. In return, company was earning "lucrative" [[carbon credit]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Rosenthal|first=Elisabeth|date=2012-08-08|title=In a Factory's Shadow, Fears About Health|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/09/world/asia/indian-village-at-odds-with-gujarat-fluorochemicals-plant.html|access-date=2021-12-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As per the 2010 [[Hindustan Times]] reporting, the company earned nearly half of its revenue for FY 2009-2010 from the sale of carbon credits.<ref>{{cite web|date=2010-09-01|title=Carbon credit scam slur on Indian firms|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/carbon-credit-scam-slur-on-indian-firms/story-sDsMX3X35hFbTZjfTXXLTO.html|access-date=2021-12-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

== Accidents ==

* On 16 December 2021, 7 people died and 23 others were injured in a blast that took place at GFL's refrigerant manufacturing plant in Ranjitnagar village, Ghoghamba taluka of [[Panchmahal district]].<ref>{{cite web|agency=ANI|date=18 Dec 2021|title=Death toll rises to 7 in chemical factory blast in Gujarat's Panchmahal district {{!}} Ahmedabad News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/death-toll-rises-to-7-in-chemical-factory-blast-in-gujarats-panchmahal-district/articleshow/88358230.cms|access-date=2021-12-18|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=ANI|date=2021-12-18|title=7 dead, 23 injured in a chemical factory blast in Gujarat's Panchmahal|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/7-dead-23-injured-in-a-chemical-factory-blast-in-gujarat-s-panchmahal-121121800099_1.html|access-date=2021-12-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-17|title=Gujarat: Explosion at chemical factory leaves 5 dead, 15 injured|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/baroda/gujarat-explosion-at-factory-kills-5-7676838/|access-date=2021-12-18|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.gfl.co.in}}

[[Category:Industrial gas companies|Sortkey]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Chemical companies established in 1987|Sortkey]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Noida|Sortkey]]
[[Category:Indian company stubs|Sortkey]]
[[Category:Chemical companies of India]]
[[Category:Inox Group]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Chow Chow Momo na Haobara Shingju Bora na Oinambara

2026-01-09T04:36:01Z

Ledx: put up new entry w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox film
|name = Chow Chow Momo na Haobara Shingju Bora na Oinambara
|image = Chow_Chow_Momo_na_haobara_Shingju_Borana_Oinambara_(Manipuri_Film)_Poster.jpg
|alt =
|caption = Theatrical release poster
|director = R.K. Jiten
|producer = L. Dayabati
|writer = R.K. Jiten
|starring = [[Gurumayum Bonny]] [[Bala Hijam]] [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]]
|music = R.K. Jiten
|cinematography = Imo Yumnam
|editing = Balli
|studio = Leishangthem Films
|distributor = Leishangthem Films
|released = {{Film date|df=y|2013|10|27}}
|runtime = 155 minutes
|country = India
|language = [[Meitei language|Meiteilon]] ([[Manipuri language|Manipuri]])

}}

'''''Chow Chow Momo na Haobara Shingju Bora na oinambara''''' ([[English language|English]]: ''Is Chow Chow Momo Tasty Or Shingju Bora Delicious'') is a 2013 [[Cinema of Manipur|Manipuri film]] directed by R.K. Jiten and produced by L. Dayabati, under the banner of Leishangthem Films and presented by Mixn Raj.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/pages/category/Movie/CHOW-CHOW-MOMO-705729769441568/posts/|title=Chow Chow Momo na haobara Shingju Bora na oinambara Movie Official Page|via=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cassette dedicated : 06th jan14 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=12..060114.jan14 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref> The film features [[Gurumayum Bonny]], [[Bala Hijam]] and [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]] in the lead roles. The film was also screened in Punjab on 13 October 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://e-pao.net/epGallery.asp?id=9&src=Rock_Concert_Gallery/WildFlower20131015|title=Wild Flower performing at promotional show of 'Chow-Chow Momo na haobra, Singju Bora na oinambra" at Jalandhar, Punjab :: 13 October 2013|work=E-PAO}}</ref> It was released at Manipur Film Development Corporation (MFDC), Palace Compound on 27 October 2013 and at Bhagyachandra Open Air Theatre (BOAT) on 3 November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kumhei.com/?option=com_kumhei&view=kum&kid=607|title=CHOW CHOW MOMO NA HAOBARA - Kumhei.com|publisher=}}</ref> There were also theatrical releases of the film at Pratap Talkies, Paona Bazar, and many other theatres of Manipur in December 2013.

==About==
The film sketches the romance between Mani and Nungshitombi and also shows the consequences met by Manglembi due to cybercrime. [[Gurumayum Bonny]] plays a double role in the film.

==Cast==
* [[Gurumayum Bonny]] as Mani
* [[Bala Hijam]] as Nungshitombi
* [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]] as Manglembi
* Ratan Lai
* Takhellambam Lokendra as Manglembi's father
* R.K. Hemabati as Manglembi's mother
* Samjetsabam Mangoljao
* Heisnam Geeta
* Ayekpam Shanti
* Abung Dang

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Chow Chow Momo na haobara Shingju Borana Oinambara
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Huidrom Nowboy, [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]], Suren Yumnam, Tingku Paonam
| cover =
| alt =
| released =
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=14|s=12}}
| label = Leishangthem Films
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}
R.K. Jiten composed the soundtrack for the film and Prane and Akendra Tensuba wrote the lyrics. The songs are titled ''Leiraroidara Khallui'', ''Pamdi Pamba Tin Yotpa'' and ''Ningthou Machasu Kallakte''.

{{track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length ={{Duration|m=14|s=12}}

| title1 = Leiraroidara Khallui
| extra1 = Huidrom Nowboy, [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]]
| music1 = R.K. Jiten
| lyrics1 = Prane Yungkham
| length1 = 05:05

| title2 = Pamdi Pamba Tin Yotpa
| extra2 = Tingku Paonam
| music2 = R.K. Jiten
| lyrics2 = BALLI
| length2 = 04:01

| title3 = Ningthou Machasu Kallakte
| extra3 = Suren Yumnam, [[Sushmita Mangsatabam]]
| music3 = R.K. Jiten
| lyrics3 = Akendra Tensuba
| length3 = 05:06
}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4142104}}

[[Category:2010s Meitei-language films]]
[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]

{{Meitei-film-stub}}

Kongu Vellalar

2026-01-06T20:34:07Z

Ledx: further add references for accuracy and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|Tamil community}}
{{pp-protected|reason=Persistent [[BP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]]|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{infobox caste
| caste_name = Kongu Vellalar
| image =
| caption =
| region =
| religions =
| country = India
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| populated_states =
| languages = [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ([[Kongu Tamil]])
| classification = [[Backward Class]]}}

'''Kongu Vellalar''' is a community found in the [[Kongu (region)|Kongu region]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], India.

==Etymology==
The [[Vellalar]] of the [[Kongunadu|Kongu country]] came to be known as Kongu Vellalar. They are also known by names such as "Bupaalan", Gangavamsam, Kudiyaanavar and Vivasaayi, and use the title [[Gounder]] as a caste appellation in their personal names.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ez9uAAAAMAAJ&q=Buvaisya|title=Salem cyclopedia: a cultural and historical dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu|last=Rajannan|first=Busnagi|location=Salem, India|date=1992|publisher=Institute of Kongu Studies|page=340|isbn=978-8-19002-880-6|language=en}}</ref>

==Origin==
According to the ''Kongu Vellalar Puranam'', a 19th-century work by Mahavidwan Kandasamy Kavirayar, the Vellalar of the Kongu country trace their origin to Marabalan, a mythical figure who was created{{According to whom|date=September 2025}} from the river [[Ganges]] to rid the world of hunger. Marabalan turned to agriculture and his descendants became the [[Vellalar]]. Marabalan had various titles such as Gangavamsa, Devar, Vellalar, Bupaalan, etc.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2015/sep/13/purana-of-kongunadus-conventional-farming-813729.html|title=Purana of Kongunadu's conventional farming|website=The Indian Express|date=13 September 2015 |access-date=2020-07-09}}</ref>{{sfnp|V. Manickam|2001|p=540|ps=}}<ref>{{cite wikisource|chapter=422|wslink=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 7.djvu|plaintitle=Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 7.djvu|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=}}:"The Vellālas were also called the Gangakula or Gangavamsa, because they derived their descent from the great and powerful tribe named Gāngvida, which inhabited the valley of the Ganges, as mentioned by Pliny and Ptolemy. A portion of Mysore which was peopled mostly by Vellālas was called Gangavādi in the tenth and eleventh centuries of the Christian era. "</ref> Interestingly the [[Vokkaliga#Gangadikara_Vokkaliga|Gandadikara Vokkaligas]] of the neighbouring parts of [[Karnataka]] also claim origin from the banks of the [[Ganges]].<ref>{{cite wikisource|chapter=288|wslink=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 2.djvu|plaintitle=Page:Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Volume 2.djvu|last=|first=|year=|publisher=|page=|wspage=|scan=}}</ref><ref name="Gangadikara">{{cite book |last1=Nanjundayya|first1=H.V|first2=L.K Ananthakrishna|last2=Iyer|date=1930|title=The Mysore Tribes and Castes|volume=3|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22885/page/n255/mode/2up|location=Mysore |publisher=The Mysore University|page=175-185}}:"Gangadikara is a contraction of the term Gangawadikara (A man of Gangavadi)"</ref> According to [[Burton Stein]], the Gangadikaras and the Kongu Vellalars were linked.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Peasant State and Society in Medieval South India|last=Stein|first=Burton|date=1980|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SsKAQAAIAAJ&q=Gangadikara+peasantry+of+Gangavadi+|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=319|location=Delhi|isbn=978-0-19-563507-2}}:"The Gangadikara peasantry of Gangavadi appears to have been more significantly linked to the Kongu peasantry to the south than to peasant peoples in the central and northern parts of medieval Karnataka. Similarly, the Marasu Vokkaligas of eastern Bangalore and central and southern Kolar districts appear to have been linked to Tondaimandalam"</ref>

==History==

From the early Sangam period, the Kongu region had always been a "frontier zone," only loosely controlled by the various Tamil dynasties from the plains. Due to their isolation, the people of this region had always been most associated with muscle power and the "heroic" ideals of the Sangam age. While these "heroic" traditions faded in the rest of the plains region due to the rise of agrarian states, the Kongu region and other remote buffer zones kept it alive until the 11th century CE. In Upper Kongu (north of the Kaveri), the ''natukal'' tradition was still present. This cultural combination of the heroic traditions and megalithic burials greatly influenced Kongu Nadu's culture. After the end of the Sangam period, the Vettuvar (hunter) tribe gained dominance over the other tribes of the region such as the Kurumbar, Ay, and Kuravar, which led to a large number of peoples associating themselves with the Vettuvar. This caused a Vettuvar population explosion in the early 9th century and created a complex social structure, with the chieftains of the Vettuvars calling themselves ''Koundar''. However, by the 11th century CE, the influence of the Bhakti movement and Brahminical values from the plains largely displaced the Sangam traditions. Thus some groups of the Vettuvars became full-time agriculturalists, calling themselves ''Vettuvavelalar''.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=S|first=Gunasekaran|url=https://www.academia.edu/29788355|title=Migrations in Medieval and early colonial India|publisher=Routledge Publication|year=2016|isbn=9781138488540|chapter=Migration and Mobility: The Collective Memory of Kongu Vellalar Peasantry of South India}}</ref>

Large groups of peasants from the plains soon began to migrate into the Kongu Nadu region starting in the 10th century from many places, with migration peaking in the 13th century. Their technological advancement allowed them to generally outcompete the earlier inhabitants in land ownership and agricultural production. Most initially identified with their clan names and their chiefs with the Gounder title, but eventually coalesced into a single group called Kongu Vellalar Gounder. The Kongu Vellalars also had complex relations with the locals, sometimes friendly, sometimes hostile, and many locals were assimilated into the ethnogenesis of the Gounders. The early pre-migration institutions were modified to include the emerging peasant class. Other communities migrated along with the peasants, including potters, barbers, craftsmen, as well as Brahmins and Dalits. However Brahmins played a negligible role in the new social formation, since the Kongu Vellalars and their dependent communities never used Brahmins for religious ceremonies. However, eventually this period of ethnogenesis would end in the creation of a hierarchical structure with Kongu Vellalars at the top.<ref name=":0" />

The Kongu Vellalar were inhabitants of the [[Kongu Nadu|Kongu country]] since at least the 10th century CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Salem cyclopedia: a cultural and historical dictionary of Salem District, Tamil Nadu|author=Busnagi Rajannan|publisher=Institute of Kongu Studies, 1992|page=5}}</ref> The Vellalars of Kongu region came to be known as Kongu Vellalar or Gounder, though both the names have also been treated separately in some regions.<ref>{{cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of the Tamils|first=Vijaya |last=Ramaswamy |page=303 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2007 |isbn=9780810864450 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H4q0DHGMcjEC}}</ref> According to Beck's (1972) study, the Kongu Vellalar are one of the top ranking castes who were entitled to ownership over land. They followed a kingly model acquiring prestige by ownership of land, control of daily labor and production activity.{{sfnp|Sharad Chari|2004|p=315|ps=}}

Today, the Gounders have presided over Kongu Nadu's transition from an agricultural to industrial economy. Gounders traditionally controlled most of the land in western Tamil Nadu, and had the Arunthathiyar community as labourers. When MGNREGA was introduced, Gounder farmers were furious as it prevented the Arunthathiyars from working in their fields. Thanks to their land ownership, the Gounders were also able to control the industrialization of the Kongu belt and consequently most industrialists in the region are Gounder. The community plays a significant role in the political and economic life of the Kongu Nadu region. The prominent Kongu Nadu-based parties, [[Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam]] and later [[Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi|Kongunadu Makkal Desiya Katchi]], were primarily Gounder caste outfits similar to the [[Pattali Makkal Katchi|PMK]] for [[Vanniyar]]s. Some scholars saw the KMK's presence in the Kongu belt as contributing to the ADMK's victory in those constituencies.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Price|first=Pamela|date=June 2011|title=NREGA and the Return of Identity Politics in Western Tamil Nadu, India|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08039410.2011.569923|journal=Forum for Development Studies|volume=38|issue=2|pages=211|doi=10.1080/08039410.2011.569923|s2cid=216643740|issn=0803-9410|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104013919/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-21/chennai/28179309_1_poll-observers-assembly-polls-poll-eve Gounder consolidation could pose headache to major parties – Times Of India]</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Rahul-keen-to-test-western-belt-/articleshow/7498031.cms?referral=PM | title=Rahul keen to test western belt | newspaper=The Times of India | first=Jaya | last=Menon | date=15 February 2011 | access-date=22 May 2016 }}</ref>

==Traditional duties==
The traditional roles of this community are [[agriculture]] and [[Cattle|cattle-rearing]], but over time they came to be [[landowners]], [[weaving|weavers]], [[Merchant|traders]] and [[money-lenders]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K85NA7Rg67wC&pg=PA24 |page=24 |title=The First Great Political Realist|author-link=Roger Boesche |first=Roger |last=Boesche|isbn=978-0-73910-607-5 |date=1 March 2003 |publisher=Lexington Books }}</ref>

==Caste structure==
The caste is divided into a number of exogamous clans called ''Kootams'', each of which is totemistic.{{sfnp|S. Gunasekaran|2017|p=41|ps=}} Medieval poet [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]] is said to have given their ''kula'' and ''[[gotra]]'' (kin and clan).{{sfnp|S. Gunasekaran|2017|p=27|ps=}} The community has 24 ''Nadus'' (countries), which originated they claim from the time of their settlement. These ''Nadus'' are arranged in 4 groups of 6 villages each headquartered at Palayakottai, [[Kangeyam|Kangayam]], [[Pudur, Erode|Pudur]] and Kadayur. The village head is a ''kottukaran'', the head of a ''nadu'' is ''nattukavundan'' or ''periyatanakaran'' and each group of ''Nadus'' is a ''pattakaran''. The pattakaran is treated with considerable respect, and is very rarely consulted. The ''kottukaran'' and ''nattukavundan'' generally take care of caste disputes and marriage selection respectively, and only important caste disputes are handled by him.

==Culture==

===Marriage===
[[Image:A- thaali koundars.jpg|thumb|Kongu Vellalar ''thaali''. Compared to other communities, their ''thaalis'' are particularly large.]]

The community has its own style of marriage ceremony. The ceremony is led by person called an ''Arumbukarar'' or ''Arumaikkarar'', who must be married and should have children.<ref>{{cite book | title = Peasant Society of Konku: A Study of right and left subastes in South India | first = Brenda | last = Beck | publisher = University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver | year = 1972 | page = [https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/299 299] | isbn = 0-7748-0014-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/299 }}</ref> The engagement ceremony takes place at the bride's house, with the maternal uncles of both groom and bride present, where fruit and betel leaf are tied in the girl's clothes. On the day of the wedding, the groom is shaven, and a ''karumaikkarari'' pours water on his head. If he has a sister, he performs a betrothal ceremony for his daughter to her son. He then goes on horseback to a ''nattukal'' with fruit and a pestle and worships it. The stone is said to represent the Kongu king and the worship is a symbolic request for permission of the marriage, as in the old days the king was supposed to give permission for every marriage. On his return, balls of white and coloured rice are taken around the bridegroom and his mother feeds him 3 mouthfuls of food. This indicates she will no longer feed him and he is going out into the world on his own. A barber then blesses him and they go to the bride's house on horseback, where they are met by someone from the bride's party similarly mounted. The groom then gives his earrings to the bride, and they are carried on their respective maternal uncles to the ''nattukal''. When they return, they are touched by an ''arumaikkarar'' with a betel leaf dipped on oil, milk and water. They worship the ''thaali'' and the ''arumaikkaran'' ties it around the bride's neck.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|date=September 1910|title=The Castes and Tribes of Southern India|journal=Nature|volume=84|issue=2134|pages=365–367|doi=10.1038/084365a0|bibcode=1910Natur..84..365. |issn=0028-0836|doi-access=free}}</ref> Then he and the barber sing a long song composed by poet-saint [[Kambar (poet)|Kambar]], called "Mangala Valthu", speaking of the glory of marriage.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Kambar-Kongunadus-Friend-or-Foe/2015/09/20/article3037320.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120223033/http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/Kambar-Kongunadus-Friend-or-Foe/2015/09/20/article3037320.ece |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 November 2015 |title=Kambar, Kongunadu's Friend or Foe? |first=B. Meenakshi |last=Sundaram |work=New Indian Express |date=20 September 2015 |access-date=2016-09-12}}</ref> Then the little fingers of bride and groom and linked, milk is poured over them, and separated. In the wedding ceremony, the brother of the bride and sister of the groom play significant roles.<ref>{{cite book | title = Peasant Society of Konku: A Study of right and left subastes in South India | first = Brenda | last = Beck | publisher = University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver | year = 1972 | page = [https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/240 240] | isbn = 0-7748-0014-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/peasantsocietyin0000beck/page/240 }}</ref>

Widow remarriage was forbidden at the turn of the 20th century, and those who had intimate relations with widows were ostracised. The punishment was lifted if the widow consented to the man leaving her, the man provided the widow with sufficient means to live herself, and the man provided a feast to his family by killing a black sheep.<ref name=":1" />

==Present status==
The Kongu Vellalar were classified as a [[Forward Caste]] (General class) at the time of [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] but they successfully requested to be reclassified as an [[other Backward Class]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article277921.ece | newspaper=The Hindu| title=Looking to create a Kongu stronghold | date=8 May 2009 | first=K.V. | last=Prasad | access-date=22 May 2016}}</ref>

==References==
'''Citations'''
{{reflist}}
'''Bibliography'''
{{Portal|Tamils|India|Hinduism}}
*{{cite book|title=Migrations in Medieval and Early Colonial India|author=S. Gunasekaran|editor=Vijaya Ramaswamy|publisher=Routledge, 2017|year=2017}}
*{{cite book|title=Kongu Nadu, a History Up to A.D. 1400|author=V. Manickam|publisher=Makkal Veliyeedu, 2001|year=2001}}
*{{cite book|title=Fraternal Capital: Peasant-workers, Self-made Men, and Globalization in Provincial India|author=Sharad Chari|publisher=Stanford University Press, 2004|year=2004}}

[[Category:Vellalar clans]]
[[Category:Gounder]]
[[Category:Kongu Nadu]]
[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian castes]]
[[Category:South Indian communities]]

Yellow monitor

2025-12-16T04:10:28Z

Ledx: further reworked citations to improve readability and fixed typos as per guidelines

{{Short description|Species of lizard}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Yellow (golden) monitor lizard
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Varanus flavescens'' |name-list-style=amp |author=Das, A. |author2=Hasan, M.K. |author3=Bhattarai, S. |author4=Wangyal, J. |author5=Mohapatra, P. |date=2021 |article-number=e.T22872A127899602 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T22872A127899602.en |access-date=22 January 2022}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| image = Varanus flavescens1.jpg
| genus = Varanus
| parent = Varanus (Empagusia)
| species = flavescens
| authority = (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827)
| synonyms =
| range_map =
| range_map_caption =
}}

The '''yellow monitor''' ('''''Varanus flavescens''''') or '''golden monitor''' is a [[monitor lizard]] native to [[South Asia]].<ref name=iucn/>

==Description==
The yellow monitor is a medium-sized monitor, measuring between {{cvt|45|and|95|cm}} including the [[tail]] and weighing up to {{cvt|1.45|kg}}.<ref name=GhimireShah>{{cite journal |last1=Ghimire |first1=H. R. |last2=Shah |first2=K. B. |year=2014 |title=Status and habitat ecology of the Yellow Monitor, ''Varanus flavescens'', in the Southeastern part of Kanchanpur District, Nepal |journal=Herpetological Conservation and Biology |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=387–393 |url=http://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_9/Issue_2/Ghimire_Shah_2014.pdf}}</ref> It has subcorneal teeth, scarcely compressed. Its snout is short and convex, measuring a little less than the distance from the anterior border of the orbit to the anterior border of the ear; ''canthus rostralis'' distinct. Its nostril is an oblique slit, a little nearer to the end of the snout than to the orbit. The digits are short with the length of the fourth toe, measured from its articulation with the tarsus to the base of the claw, not exceeding the length of the femur. The tail of the yellow monitor is feebly compressed and keeled above. The head scales are small and subequal; the median series of supraocular scales slightly dilated transversely. The scales on upper surfaces are moderate, oval and keeled. Abdominal scales are smooth and in 65 to 75 transverse rows. Caudal scales are keeled; the caudal keel with a very low, doubly toothed crest. Adults are olive or yellowish brown above, with irregular darker markings which are generally confluent into broad cross bars; a blackish temporal streak; lower surfaces yellowish, with rather indistinct brown cross bars, which are most distinct on the throat. Young individuals are dark brown above, with yellow spots confluent into crossbars; lower surfaces yellow, with dark brown cross bars.<ref>Boulenger, G. A. 1890. Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia.</ref>

Each tooth position has only a single replacement teeth in waiting at any given time.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maho |first=T. |last2=Reisz |first2=R. R. |date=2024 |title=Exceptionally rapid tooth development and ontogenetic changes in the feeding apparatus of the Komodo dragon |url=https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0295002 |journal=PLOS One |volume=19 |issue=2 |article-number=e0295002 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0295002 |pmc=10849390 |pmid=38324523 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

==Distribution and habitat ==
[[File:Yellow monitor lizard.jpg|thumb|In [[Terai]], Nepal]]
The yellow monitor occurs in the flood plains of the [[Indus]], [[Ganges]] and [[Brahmaputra]] rivers in [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]] and [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=iucn/> It inhabits wet areas, the edges of forest and vicinity of human settlements and agricultural land. Due to its short hind toes, it is not efficient at climbing trees.<ref name=GhimireShah/>

==Behaviour and ecology==
The yellow monitors [[Thermoregulation|thermoregulates]] by moving between sunny and shady areas, similar to other diurnal lizards. There is also one report of a yellow monitor lying on a pile of hot ash left by a human-lit fire, seemingly to gain heat from it.<ref name=AlRazi2014>{{cite journal |last1=Al-Razi, H. |last2=Baki, M. |last3=Alam, S.M.I. |year=2014 |title=''Varanus flavescens'' (yellow monitor): Thermoregulation |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269114224 |journal=Herpetological Bulletin |volume=129 |pages=27–28}}</ref>

It may be capable of [[Play (activity)|play]] behaviour. A yellow monitor in a wetland was observed alternating between swimming in a vertical position and floating motionlessly.<ref name=Khandakar2020>{{cite journal |last1=Khandakar, N. |last2=Jeny, K.N. |last3=Islam, S. |last4= Hakim, M.A. |last5= Pony, M. |year=2020 |title=Play behavior by a Yellow Monitor, ''Varanus flavescens'' (Hardwicke and Gray 1827) |doi=10.17161/randa.v27i2.14261 |journal=Herpetological Bulletin |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=257–258|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Threats==
[[File:Yellow Monitor Lizard.jpg|thumb|A carcass of a yellow monitor in [[Basai Wetland]], India]]
The yellow monitor is threatened by hunting for its meat and skin in all range countries. Its preferred habitat is threatened due to encroachment, pollution and conversion to landfills.<ref name=iucn/>
Direct killing is the major threat to the yellow monitor in Kanchanpur District of far-western Nepal, as local people are afraid of it. It is also used as food, for medicinal purpose, and its skin has been offered for sale in wildlife markets..<ref name=Ghimire_al2014>{{cite journal |last1=Ghimire, H. R. |last2=Phuyal, S. |last3=Shah, K. B. |year=2014 |title=Protected species outside the protected areas: People's attitude, threats and conservation of the Yellow Monitor (''Varanus flavescens'') in the Far-western Lowlands of Nepal |doi=10.1016/j.jnc.2014.08.003 |journal=Journal for Nature Conservation |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=497–503 |bibcode=2014JNatC..22..497G}}</ref>

==Conservation==
International trade of the yellow monitor is regulated under [[CITES Appendix I]]; it is listed as a legally protected species in India under Schedule I of the [[Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972]], in Nepal under the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act 1973, and in Bangladesh under the Wildlife (Conservation and Security) Act 2012.<ref name=iucn/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

* [[Walter Auffenberg|Auffenberg W.]] Rahman H. Iffat F. Perveen Z. 1989. A Study of Varanus flavescens Hardwicke and Gray (Sauria varanidae). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 86 (3): 286–307
* {{cite journal | last1 = Visser | first1 = G. J. | year = 1985 | title = Notizen zur Brutbiologie des Gelbwarans ''Varanus'' (''Empagusia'') ''flavescens'' (Hardwicke & Gray 1827) im Zoo Rotterdam |journal =Salamandra |volume=21 | issue = 2/3| pages = 161–168}}
* Whitaker, R. 1981 Bangladesh - Monitors and turtles Hamadryad 6 (3): 7–9

==External links==
{{commons}}
* {{NRDB species|genus=Varanus|species=flavescens}}

{{Varanoidea}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q598687}}

[[Category:Varanus]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Lizards of India]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Nepal]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Reptiles described in 1827]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Hardwicke]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]

Jejur

2025-12-10T02:15:50Z

Ledx: quick added layout after review further and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jejur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.88|N|88.12|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly District|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 5,173
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 712405
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 91 3212
| registration_plate =
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =

}}
'''Jejur''' is a [[gram panchayat]] under [[Haripal (community development block)|Haripal]] block in [[Chandannagar]] subdivision of [[Hooghly District|Hooghly district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Jejur is located at {{Coord|22.88|N|88.12|E|}}.

Jejur gram panchayat is composed of the following villages: Rajaballabhbati, Mannapara, Purbba Narayanpur, Kankrajol, Amgachhi, Jejur, Jinpur, Raghunathpur,
Kalachhara and Meshera.<ref name=Haripal>{{cite web | url =http://www.wbphed.gov.in/applications/Phedweb/Block2Villpdf.php?State_Cd=19&Dist_Cd=12&Blk_Cd=0011 | title =Census Data District Name: Hugli(12) Block Name: Haripal (0011) | publisher =West Bengal Govt | access-date = 2009-01-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]] Jejur had a total population of 5,173 of which 2,579 (50%) were males and 2,594 (50%) were females. Population below 6 years was 523. The total number of literates in Jejur was 3,703 (79.63% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 10 June 2016}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Agriculture===
This is a rich agricultural area. Though rice is the prime crop of the district, the agricultural economy largely depends on potato, jute, vegetables and orchard products. Vegetable is a prize crop in the blocks of Haripal, Singur, Chanditala, Polba and Dhaniakhali being grown in a relay system throughout the year. Though potato is cultivated in all the blocks of this district Dhaniakhali, Arambagh, Goghat, Pursurah, Haripal, Polba-Dadpur, Tarakeswar, Pandua and Singur contributed much of its production of this district.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://hooghly.nic.in/AGRI-INTEN.HTM| title=Intensive cropping with remarkable feature of Hooghly District| access-date=2009-01-28| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716220215/http://hooghly.nic.in/AGRI-INTEN.HTM| archive-date=2011-07-16}}</ref>

Some of the primary and other ''hats'' or markets in the Haripal block area are: Basudevpur hat, Bondipur hat, Dar hatta hat, Jejur Daily Market, Kaikala hat, Kalchara hat, Nalikul hat, Sipaigachi hat, Jagin market, Haripal Barabazar and Haripal Station Bazar.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/bazar/hooghly.html | title = Primary Hats/Markets of District | publisher = West Bengal State Marketing Board | work = Hooghly | access-date = 2009-01-29 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090707074955/http://wbagrimarketingboard.gov.in/bazar/hooghly.html | archive-date = 2009-07-07 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==People==
[[Atulya Ghosh]], freedom fighter and once the strongman of the Congress Party, was born at Jejur on 28 August 1904.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?date=2004-08-15&usrsess=1344163791769&clid=4&id=79542 |title=A much maligned man |access-date=2009-01-21 |last=Sengupta |first=Sukharanjan |work=Tribute to Atulya Ghosh, the forgotten freedom fighter |publisher=The Statesman 15 August 2004 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123809/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?date=2004-08-15&usrsess=1344163791769&clid=4&id=79542 |archive-date=29 September 2007 }}</ref>
Also, Shree Bijoy Krishna Mitra is a prominent figure from Jejur who traversed all over the country and contributed immensely to the infrastructure building of the nation along with his village development. His long association with HCC has been well recognised.

==Education==
Jajur High School is a boys only higher secondary school. It has arrangements for teaching Bengali, English, Sanskrit, history, philosophy, political science, economics and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbchse.nic.in/admin/Hooghly_school_list.php?page=16&| title = Hooghly district exam venue | publisher = West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education |access-date = 6 October 2018}}</ref>

Jajur Karunamoyee Mukhopadhyay Balika Vidyalaya is a girls only secondary school with arrangements for teaching from Class VI to X. It was established in 1959.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.studyapt.com/school-jajur-k-m-balika-vidyamandir-hugli| title = Jajur Karunamoyee Mukhopadhyay Balika Vidyalaya | publisher = Studyapt |access-date = 6 October 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
===Bus===
====Private Bus====
* 18 [[Haripal railway station]] - [[Chunchura]] Court
* 18A [[Haripal railway station]] - Dasghara
====Bus Routes Without Numbers====
* [[Jangipara]] - [[Chunchura]] Court
===Train===
The nearest railway station, [[Haripal railway station]], is about {{convert|10|km}} away.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Hooghly District}}

[[Category:Villages in Hooghly district]]

Chitrakot Assembly constituency

2025-12-09T11:36:23Z

Ledx: brief update intro additionally and improved wording after review

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Chhattisgarh State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Chitrakot
| mla = Vinayak Goyal
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]]
| state = [[Chhattisgarh]]
| district = [[Bastar district|Bastar]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bastar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bastar]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = ST
| electors = {{formatnum:177625}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/mp-legislative-election-2023-statistical-report |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2023 to the Legislative Assembly of Madhya Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=26 January 2023 |url-access=limited}}</ref>{{update after|2029|1}}
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| preceded_by = Rajman Venjam
| constituency_no = 87
| map_image = Chitrakot Assembly constituency map.svg
}}
'''Chitrakot''' is one of the 90 [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Chhattisgarh]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceoMap>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/en/new-maps-assembly-constituency |title=New Maps of Assembly Constituency |website=ceochhattisgarh.nic.in |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>

It comprises parts of [[Darbha, Chhattisgarh|Darbha]] tehsil and Lohandiguda, [[Tokapal]], and Bastanar tehsils in [[Bastar district]], and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]].<ref name=delimitation2008>{{cite web |url=https://upload.indiacode.nic.in/showfile?actid=AC_CEN_3_20_00030_200233_1517807324510&type=order&filename=Delimitation%20Order,2008.pdf |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |date=26 November 2008 |access-date= 24 June 2021}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Election
!Name
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4|[[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[1952 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|Dora
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Sukhdu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Paklu Joga
|{{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
|[[1967 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|M. Ganga
|{{Full party name with color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1972 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|Ramakonda
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1977 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|rowspan=2 |Lakhan Jaisngh
|{{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1980 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1985 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|A. K. Turam Nag
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1990 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|rowspan=2 |Dhani Ram Pujari
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1993 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
|[[1998 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|Pratibha Shah
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4|[[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
|-
|[[2003 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|Lachhuram Kashyap
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2008 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2008]]<ref name="election2008">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2008 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3883-chhattisgarh-2008/ |accessdate=31 December 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
|Baiduram Kashyap
|-
|[[2013 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2013]]<ref name="election2013">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3884-chhattisgarh-2013/ |title=State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly Of Chhattisgarh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |accessdate= 31 December 2021}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Deepak Baij]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
|2019^
|Rajman Venjam
|-
|[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
|[[Vinayak Goyal]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}
^by-election

== Election results ==

=== 2023 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]]: Chitrakot<ref name=election2023/>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Vinayak Goyal]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 63,954
|percentage = 43.73
|change = +10.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[Deepak Baij]]|party=Indian National Congress|votes=55,584|percentage=38.01|change=-9.30}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramu Ram Mourya|party=Communist Party of India|votes=5,051|percentage=3.45|change=-1.84}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bomdha Mandavi|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=4,644|percentage=3.18|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Bharat Kashyap|party=Janta Congress Chhattisgarh|votes=4,184|percentage=2.86|change=-2.11}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Sannu Poyam|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes=3,493|percentage=2.39|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Ramlal Podiyam|party=Sarv Adi Dal|votes=2,028|percentage=1.39|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=7,310|percentage=5.00|change=+0.26}}
{{Election box majority|votes=8,370|percentage=5.72|change=-7.89}}
{{Election box turnout|votes=146,248|percentage=82.34|change=+4.22}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=2019 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly by-election: Chitrakot<ref name=election2010>{{cite web |url=https://ceochhattisgarh.nic.in/assets/pdf%20files/AC_87_AllCandidates_ByeElection2019Results.pdf |title=By-election 2019 results |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = Rajman Venjam
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 62,097
|percentage = 47.31
|change = +0.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lachhuram Kashyap
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 44,235
|percentage = 33.70
|change = +0.09
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Hidmo Ram Mandavi
|party = Communist Party of India
|votes = 6,948
|percentage = 5.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Bomdha Mandavi
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 6,527
|percentage = 4.97
|change = -0.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lakheshwar Kawasi
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|votes = 2,650
|percentage = 2.02
|change = +0.68
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Ritika Karma
|party = Independent
|votes = 2,575
|percentage = 1.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 6,225
|percentage = 4.74
|change = -2.62
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,862
|percentage = 13.61
|change = +0.29
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 131,257
|percentage = 78.12
|change = -2.57
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2018 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election|Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly Election, 2018]]: Chitrakot<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/9643-statistical-data-of-general-election-to-chhatisgarh-assembly/ |title=Statistical data of General Election to Chhatisgarh Assembly - 2018 |website=Election Commission of India |accessdate= 3 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|candidate = [[Deepak Baij]]
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 62,616
|percentage = 46.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lachhuram Kashyap
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 44,846
|percentage = 33.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Tankeshwar Bhardwaj
|party = Janta Congress Chhattisgarh
|votes = 7,494
|percentage = 5.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dharmuram Kashyap
|party = Independent politician
|votes = 3,032
|percentage = 2.27
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Suresh Kawasi
|party = Shiv Sena
|votes = 2,297
|percentage = 1.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Lakheshwar Kawasi
|party = Ambedkarite Party of India
|votes = 1,791
|percentage = 1.34
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = Dantiram Poyam
|party = Aam Aadmi Party
|votes = 1,517
|percentage = 1.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 9,824
|percentage = 7.36
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 17,770
|percentage = 13.32
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 132,781
|percentage = 80.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Bastar district]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh}}

[[Category:Bastar district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Politics of Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Chhattisgarh]]
{{coord|19.25|81.76|display=title}}

2008 BWF World Junior Championships – girls' doubles

2025-11-08T23:30:17Z

Ledx: data

{{Infobox badminton event
|name = 2008 BWF World Junior Championships girls' doubles
|image =
|size =
|caption =
|dates = {{Start date|2008|10|29|df=y}} – {{End date|2008|11|2|df=y}}
|number_edition = 10th
|level = 1
|nations =
|venue = [[Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Pune]], India
|previous = [[2007 BWF World Junior Championships – girls' doubles|2007]]
|next = [[2009 BWF World Junior Championships – Girls' doubles|2009]]
}}
The girls' doubles event for the [[2008 BWF World Junior Championships]] was held between 29 October and 2 November. [[Fu Mingtian]] and [[Yao Lei]] became the first ever Singaporeans to win the title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1103&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Sukan&pg=su_03.htm|title=Hee Chun-Kok Siang juara di Pune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328021401/https://ww1.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1103&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Sukan&pg=su_03.htm|archive-date=28 March 2017|language=ms|newspaper=[[Utusan Malaysia]]|date=3 November 2008|access-date=27 March 2017}}</ref>

==Seeded==
{{colbegin}}
# {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie Jing]] / [[Zhong Qianxin]] ''(final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Lu Lu (badminton)|Lu Lu]] / [[Xia Huan]] ''(semi-final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Chiang Kai-hsin]] / [[Tien Ching-yung]] ''(third round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Eom Hye-won]] / [[Jung Kyung-eun]] ''(second round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Selena Piek]] / [[Iris Tabeling]] ''(third round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Franziska Burkert]] / [[Carla Nelte]] ''(third round)''
# {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Ayaka Takahashi]] / [[Koharu Yonemoto]] ''(quarter-final)''
# {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Chan Tsz Ka]] / [[Tse Ying Suet]] ''(quarter-final)''
{{colend}}

== Draw ==
===Finals===
{{4TeamBracket-Tennis3
| RD1=Semifinals
| RD2=Final
| score-width=
| team-width=170

| RD1-seed1=1
| RD1-team1='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie Jing]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhong Qianxin]]'''
| RD1-score1-1='''21'''
| RD1-score1-2='''22'''
| RD1-score1-3=
| RD1-seed2= 
| RD1-team2={{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Anneke Feinya Agustin]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Annisa Wahyuni]]
| RD1-score2-1=19
| RD1-score2-2=20
| RD1-score2-3=

| RD1-seed3= 
| RD1-team3='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Fu Mingtian]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Yao Lei]]'''
| RD1-score3-1='''21'''
| RD1-score3-2=13
| RD1-score3-3='''21'''
| RD1-seed4=2
| RD1-team4={{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Lu Lu (badminton)|Lu Lu]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xia Huan]]
| RD1-score4-1=18
| RD1-score4-2='''21'''
| RD1-score4-3=18

| RD2-seed1=1
| RD2-team1={{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie Jing]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhong Qianxin]]
| RD2-score1-1=19
| RD2-score1-2=17
| RD2-score1-3=
| RD2-seed2= 
| RD2-team2='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Fu Mingtian]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Yao Lei]]'''
| RD2-score2-1='''21'''
| RD2-score2-2='''21'''
| RD2-score2-3=
}}

====Section 1====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed07=
|RD1-team07={{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Anastasia Chervaykova|A Chervaykova]] {{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Romina Gabdullina|R Gabdullina]]
|RD1-score07-1='''21'''
|RD1-score07-2=20
|RD1-score07-3=20
|RD1-seed08=
|RD1-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Özge Bayrak|Ö Bayrak]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Ebru Tunalı|E Tunalı]]'''
|RD1-score08-1=13
|RD1-score08-2='''22'''
|RD1-score08-3='''22'''

|RD1-seed15=
|RD1-team15='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Rodjana Chuthabunditkul|R Chuthabunditkul]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sapsiree Taerattanachai|S Taerattanachai]]'''
|RD1-score15-1='''21'''
|RD1-score15-2='''21'''
|RD1-score15-3=
|RD1-seed16=
|RD1-team16={{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Mok Jing Qiong|Mok JQ]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Thng Ting Ting|Thng TT]]
|RD1-score16-1=15
|RD1-score16-2=13
|RD1-score16-3=

|RD2-seed01=1
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie J]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhong Qianxin|Zhong QX]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Lee Jo-hee|Lee J-h]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Lee Se-rang|Lee S-r]]
|RD2-score02-1=13
|RD2-score02-2=13
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Sushmita Illangakoon|S Illangakoon]] {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Achini Rathnasiri|A Rathnasiri]]
|RD2-score03-1=13
|RD2-score03-2=15
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Özge Bayrak|Ö Bayrak]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Ebru Tunalı|E Tunalı]]'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=5/8
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Selena Piek|S Piek]] {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Iris Tabeling|I Tabeling]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''21'''
|RD2-score05-2='''21'''
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Michelle Li|M Li]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Chelcia Petersen|C Petersen]]
|RD2-score06-1=9
|RD2-score06-2=14
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Chong Vee Vian|Chong VV]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Lai Pei Jing|Lai PJ]]
|RD2-score07-1=17
|RD2-score07-2=15
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Rodjana Chuthabunditkul|R Chuthabunditkul]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sapsiree Taerattanachai|S Taerattanachai]]'''
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2='''21'''
|RD2-score08-3=

|RD3-seed01=1
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie J]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhong Qianxin|Zhong QX]]'''
|RD3-score01-1='''21'''
|RD3-score01-2='''21'''
|RD3-score01-3=
|RD3-seed02=
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Özge Bayrak|Ö Bayrak]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Ebru Tunalı|E Tunalı]]
|RD3-score02-1=7
|RD3-score02-2=12
|RD3-score02-3=

|RD3-seed03=5/8
|RD3-team03={{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Selena Piek|S Piek]] {{#invoke:flag||NED}} [[Iris Tabeling|I Tabeling]]
|RD3-score03-1=8
|RD3-score03-2=23
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=
|RD3-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Rodjana Chuthabunditkul|R Chuthabunditkul]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sapsiree Taerattanachai|S Taerattanachai]]'''
|RD3-score04-1='''21'''
|RD3-score04-2='''25'''
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=1
|RD4-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xie Jing (badminton)|Xie J]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Zhong Qianxin|Zhong QX]]'''
|RD4-score01-1='''21'''
|RD4-score01-2='''21'''
|RD4-score01-3=
|RD4-seed02=
|RD4-team02={{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Rodjana Chuthabunditkul|R Chuthabunditkul]] {{#invoke:flag||THA}} [[Sapsiree Taerattanachai|S Taerattanachai]]
|RD4-score02-1=10
|RD4-score02-2=19
|RD4-score02-3=
}}

====Section 2====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed07=
|RD1-team07={{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Lisa Heidenreich|L Heidenreich]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Mette Stahlberg|M Stahlberg]]
|RD1-score07-1=16
|RD1-score07-2=8
|RD1-score07-3=
|RD1-seed08=
|RD1-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Anneke Feinya Agustin|A Agustin]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Annisa Wahyuni|A Wahyuni]]'''
|RD1-score08-1='''21'''
|RD1-score08-2='''21'''
|RD1-score08-3=

|RD1-seed13=
|RD1-team13={{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Menna El-Tanany|M El Tanany]] {{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Noran El Banna|N El Banna]]
|RD1-score13-1=5
|RD1-score13-2=6
|RD1-score13-3=
|RD1-seed14=
|RD1-team14='''{{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Puthenpurayil Chandrika Thulasi|P Thulasi]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Sikki Reddy|S Reddy]]'''
|RD1-score14-1='''21'''
|RD1-score14-2='''21'''
|RD1-score14-3=

|RD1-seed15=
|RD1-team15='''{{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Audrey Fontaine|A Fontaine]] {{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Marion Luttmann|M Luttmann]]'''
|RD1-score15-1='''21'''
|RD1-score15-2='''21'''
|RD1-score15-3=
|RD1-seed16=
|RD1-team16={{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Getter Saar (badminton)|G Saar]] {{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Laura Vana|L Vana]]
|RD1-score16-1=19
|RD1-score16-2=11
|RD1-score16-3=

|RD2-seed01=3/4
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Chiang Kai-hsin|Chiang K-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Tien Ching-yung|Tien C-y]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Chan Hung Yung|Chan H Y]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Poon Lok Yan|Poon L Y]]
|RD2-score02-1=16
|RD2-score02-2=16
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Jessica Jonggowisastro|J Jonggowisastro]] {{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Mary O'Connor (badminton)|M O'Connor]]
|RD2-score03-1=9
|RD2-score03-2=9
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Anneke Feinya Agustin|A Agustin]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Annisa Wahyuni|A Wahyuni]]'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=5/8
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Ayaka Takahashi|A Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Koharu Yonemoto|K Yonemoto]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''21'''
|RD2-score05-2='''21'''
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Alyssa Lim|A Lim]] {{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Kate Robertshaw|K Robertshaw]]
|RD2-score06-1=18
|RD2-score06-2=10
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Puthenpurayil Chandrika Thulasi|P Thulasi]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Sikki Reddy|S Reddy]]
|RD2-score07-1=19
|RD2-score07-2='''21'''
|RD2-score07-3=19
|RD2-seed08=
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Audrey Fontaine|A Fontaine]] {{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Marion Luttmann|M Luttmann]]'''
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2=14
|RD2-score08-3='''21'''

|RD3-seed01=3/4
|RD3-team01={{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Chiang Kai-hsin|Chiang K-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Tien Ching-yung|Tien C-y]]
|RD3-score01-1=9
|RD3-score01-2=16
|RD3-score01-3=
|RD3-seed02=
|RD3-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Anneke Feinya Agustin|A Agustin]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Annisa Wahyuni|A Wahyuni]]'''
|RD3-score02-1='''21'''
|RD3-score02-2='''21'''
|RD3-score02-3=

|RD3-seed03=5/8
|RD3-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Ayaka Takahashi|A Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Koharu Yonemoto|K Yonemoto]]'''
|RD3-score03-1='''21'''
|RD3-score03-2='''21'''
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=
|RD3-team04={{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Audrey Fontaine|A Fontaine]] {{#invoke:flag||FRA}} [[Marion Luttmann|M Luttmann]]
|RD3-score04-1=18
|RD3-score04-2=11
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=
|RD4-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Anneke Feinya Agustin|A Agustin]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Annisa Wahyuni|A Wahyuni]]'''
|RD4-score01-1='''27'''
|RD4-score01-2='''21'''
|RD4-score01-3=
|RD4-seed02=5/8
|RD4-team02={{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Ayaka Takahashi|A Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Koharu Yonemoto|K Yonemoto]]
|RD4-score02-1=25
|RD4-score02-2=13
|RD4-score02-3=
}}

====Section 3====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed01=
|RD1-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre|P Gadre]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Shweta Kelkar|S Kelkar]]'''
|RD1-score01-1=14
|RD1-score01-2='''21'''
|RD1-score01-3='''21'''
|RD1-seed02=
|RD1-team02={{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Alexandra Langley|A Langley]] {{#invoke:flag||ENG}} [[Lauren Smith (badminton)|L Smith]]
|RD1-score02-1='''21'''
|RD1-score02-2=18
|RD1-score02-3=17

|RD1-seed03=
|RD1-team03='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Sayaka Takahashi|S Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} E Tamaki'''
|RD1-score03-1='''21'''
|RD1-score03-2='''21'''
|RD1-score03-3=
|RD1-seed04=
|RD1-team04={{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Elena Komendrovskaya|E Komendrovskaya]] {{#invoke:flag||RUS}} [[Anastasia Nazarchuk|A Nazarchuk]]
|RD1-score04-1=13
|RD1-score04-2=8
|RD1-score04-3=

|RD1-seed09=
|RD1-team09='''{{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Öznur Çalışkan|Ö Çalışkan]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Rabia Kurtuluş|R Kurtuluş]]'''
|RD1-score09-1='''21'''
|RD1-score09-2=20
|RD1-score09-3='''27'''
|RD1-seed10=
|RD1-team10={{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Kertu Margus|K Margus]] {{#invoke:flag||EST}} [[Gerda Teder|G Teder]]
|RD1-score10-1=19
|RD1-score10-2='''22'''
|RD1-score10-3=25

|RD2-seed01=
|RD2-team01={{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Pradnya Gadre|P Gadre]] {{#invoke:flag||IND}} [[Shweta Kelkar|S Kelkar]]
|RD2-score01-1=14
|RD2-score01-2=15
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Sayaka Takahashi|S Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} E Tamaki'''
|RD2-score02-1='''21'''
|RD2-score02-2='''21'''
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Kathleen Lougheed|K Lougheed]] {{#invoke:flag||CAN}} [[Stephanie Pakenham|S Pakenham]]
|RD2-score03-1=16
|RD2-score03-2=14
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=5/8
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Chan Tsz Ka|Chan TK]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Tse Ying Suet|Tse YS]]'''
|RD2-score04-1='''21'''
|RD2-score04-2='''21'''
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=
|RD2-team05={{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Öznur Çalışkan|Ö Çalışkan]] {{#invoke:flag||TUR}} [[Rabia Kurtuluş|R Kurtuluş]]
|RD2-score05-1=16
|RD2-score05-2=17
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06='''{{#invoke:flag||CZE}} [[Petra Hofmanová|P Hofmanová]] {{#invoke:flag||CZE}} Š Křížková'''
|RD2-score06-1='''21'''
|RD2-score06-2='''21'''
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Fu Mingtian|Fu MT]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Yao Lei|Yao L]]'''
|RD2-score07-1=14
|RD2-score07-2='''21'''
|RD2-score07-3='''21'''
|RD2-seed08=3/4
|RD2-team08={{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Eom Hye-won|Eom H-w]] {{#invoke:flag||KOR}} [[Jung Kyung-eun|Jung K-e]]
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2=13
|RD2-score08-3=19

|RD3-seed01=
|RD3-team01={{#invoke:flag||JPN}} [[Sayaka Takahashi|S Takahashi]] {{#invoke:flag||JPN}} E Tamaki
|RD3-score01-1=19
|RD3-score01-2=13
|RD3-score01-3=
|RD3-seed02=5/8
|RD3-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Chan Tsz Ka|Chan TK]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Tse Ying Suet|Tse YS]]'''
|RD3-score02-1='''21'''
|RD3-score02-2='''21'''
|RD3-score02-3=

|RD3-seed03=
|RD3-team03={{#invoke:flag||CZE}} [[Petra Hofmanová|P Hofmanová]] {{#invoke:flag||CZE}} Š Křížková
|RD3-score03-1=11
|RD3-score03-2=13
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=
|RD3-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Fu Mingtian|Fu MT]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Yao Lei|Yao L]]'''
|RD3-score04-1='''21'''
|RD3-score04-2='''21'''
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=5/8
|RD4-team01={{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Chan Tsz Ka|Chan TK]] {{#invoke:flag||HKG}} [[Tse Ying Suet|Tse YS]]
|RD4-score01-1='''21'''
|RD4-score01-2=19
|RD4-score01-3=6
|RD4-seed02=
|RD4-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Fu Mingtian|Fu MT]] {{#invoke:flag||SIN}} [[Yao Lei|Yao L]]'''
|RD4-score02-1=15
|RD4-score02-2='''21'''
|RD4-score02-3='''21'''
}}

====Section 4====
{{#invoke:Bracket|16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3-Byes
|RD1=First round
|RD2=Second round
|RD3=Third round
|RD4=Quarterfinal

|RD1-seed01=
|RD1-team01={{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Vivian Hoo|V Hoo]] {{#invoke:flag||MAS}} [[Sannatasah Saniru|S Saniru]]
|RD1-score01-1=19
|RD1-score01-2='''21'''
|RD1-score01-3=18
|RD1-seed02=
|RD1-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Cheng Wan-hui|Cheng W-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Peng Hsiao-chu|Peng H-c]]'''
|RD1-score02-1='''21'''
|RD1-score02-2=18
|RD1-score02-3='''21'''

|RD1-seed09=
|RD1-team09={{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Emily Ang|E Ang]] {{#invoke:flag||NZL}} [[Kritteka Gregory|K Gregory]]
|RD1-score09-1=5
|RD1-score09-2=13
|RD1-score09-3=
|RD1-seed10=
|RD1-team10='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Aurien Hudiono|A Hudiono]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Wenny Setyawati|W Setyawati]]'''
|RD1-score10-1='''21'''
|RD1-score10-2='''21'''
|RD1-score10-3=

|RD2-seed01=
|RD2-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Cheng Wan-hui|Cheng W-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Peng Hsiao-chu|Peng H-c]]'''
|RD2-score01-1='''21'''
|RD2-score01-2='''21'''
|RD2-score01-3=
|RD2-seed02=
|RD2-team02={{#invoke:flag||SRI}} S Dahanayake {{#invoke:flag||SRI}} [[Gayani Perera|G Perera]]
|RD2-score02-1=9
|RD2-score02-2=12
|RD2-score02-3=

|RD2-seed03=
|RD2-team03={{#invoke:flag||KEN}} [[Sheila Njage|S Njage]] {{#invoke:flag||KEN}} [[Mercy Muli|M Muli]]
|RD2-score03-1=WO
|RD2-score03-2=
|RD2-score03-3=
|RD2-seed04=5/8
|RD2-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Franziska Burkert|F Burkert]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Carla Nelte|C Nelte]]'''
|RD2-score04-1=
|RD2-score04-2=
|RD2-score04-3=

|RD2-seed05=
|RD2-team05='''{{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Aurien Hudiono|A Hudiono]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Wenny Setyawati|W Setyawati]]'''
|RD2-score05-1='''21'''
|RD2-score05-2='''21'''
|RD2-score05-3=
|RD2-seed06=
|RD2-team06={{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Kirsty McGlynn|K McGlynn]] {{#invoke:flag||SCO}} [[Gillian Sloan|G Sloan]]
|RD2-score06-1=12
|RD2-score06-2=8
|RD2-score06-3=

|RD2-seed07=
|RD2-team07={{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Nadine Ashraf|N Ashraf]] {{#invoke:flag||EGY}} [[Deina Khairy|D Khairy]]
|RD2-score07-1=1
|RD2-score07-2=3
|RD2-score07-3=
|RD2-seed08=2
|RD2-team08='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Lu Lu (badminton)|Lu L]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xia Huan|Xia H]]'''
|RD2-score08-1='''21'''
|RD2-score08-2='''21'''
|RD2-score08-3=

|RD3-seed01=
|RD3-team01='''{{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Cheng Wan-hui|Cheng W-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Peng Hsiao-chu|Peng H-c]]'''
|RD3-score01-1=13
|RD3-score01-2='''21'''
|RD3-score01-3='''21'''
|RD3-seed02=5/8
|RD3-team02={{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Franziska Burkert|F Burkert]] {{#invoke:flag||GER}} [[Carla Nelte|C Nelte]]
|RD3-score02-1='''21'''
|RD3-score02-2=13
|RD3-score02-3=19

|RD3-seed03=
|RD3-team03={{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Aurien Hudiono|A Hudiono]] {{#invoke:flag||INA}} [[Wenny Setyawati|W Setyawati]]
|RD3-score03-1=13
|RD3-score03-2=13
|RD3-score03-3=
|RD3-seed04=2
|RD3-team04='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Lu Lu (badminton)|Lu L]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xia Huan|Xia H]]'''
|RD3-score04-1='''21'''
|RD3-score04-2='''21'''
|RD3-score04-3=

|RD4-seed01=
|RD4-team01={{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Cheng Wan-hui|Cheng W-h]] {{#invoke:flag||TPE}} [[Peng Hsiao-chu|Peng H-c]]
|RD4-score01-1=17
|RD4-score01-2=19
|RD4-score01-3=
|RD4-seed02=2
|RD4-team02='''{{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Lu Lu (badminton)|Lu L]] {{#invoke:flag||CHN}} [[Xia Huan|Xia H]]'''
|RD4-score02-1='''21'''
|RD4-score02-2='''21'''
|RD4-score02-3=
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2008 BWF World Junior Championships| ]]

Pachakili (TV series)

2025-11-07T17:03:24Z

Ledx: added a entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| native_name = {{Infobox name module|பச்சக்கிளி }}
| genre = {{ubl|[[Family]]|[[Drama]]|}}
| creator =
| developer =
| writer = Vinisha Raji
| screenplay = A.C.Karnamurthy '''Dialogue''' Anandh Venu
| starring = {{ubl|[[Monisha Arshak]]|Kishore|Stalin Muthu}}
| director = A. Jawahar
| editor = Ashok H.Anthony
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_episodes = 118
| producer = S. Kushmavathy
| composer =
| location = 
| cinematography = Isakkimuthu
| camera = [[Single-camera]]
| runtime = approx.20-22 minutes per episode
| company = Estrella Stories LLP
| network = [[Colors Tamil]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2022|7|4}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2022|12|9}}
| related =
}}

'''''Pachakili''''' (பச்சக்கிளி) is a 2022 Indian-[[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[Family]] [[Tamil television drama|drama]] television series, starring [[Monisha Arshak]], Kishore and Stalin Muthu in main roles. It premiered on [[Colors Tamil]] on 4 July 2022 and ended on 9 December 2022, and aired on Monday to Friday at 19:30 and available for streaming in selected markets on [[Voot]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-colors-tamil-pachakili-promo-nini-monisha-pandian-stores-moorthy-scs-762160.html|title=கலர்ஸ் தமிழ் தொலைக்காட்சியில் பச்சக்கிளி... நடிகர்கள் யாரெல்லாம்ன்னு பாருங்க!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=23 June 2022 |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apnnews.com/pachakili-tale-of-familial-bond-to-premiere-on-colors-tamil/|title=Pachakili- tale of familial bond to premiere on Colors Tamil|website=www.apnnews.com|date=July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* [[Monisha Arshak]] as Pachakili
* Kishore – Adithya

===Supporting===
* Stalin Muthu as Meenakshi Sundaram
* Vijay Anand as Azhagar
* [[Ashwin (actor, born 1987)|Ashwin Kumar]] as Velu

==Production==
===Casting===
Actress [[Monisha Arshak]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.news18.com/news/entertainment/television-aranmanai-kili-janu-monisha-serial-patchakili-is-new-serial-in-colors-tamil-aranmanai-kili-janu-palying-lead-role-sre-756810.html|title=ரசிகர்களுக்காக அந்த முடிவை எடுத்த 'அரண்மனை கிளி' ஜானு!|website=tamil.news18.com|date=10 June 2022 |language=ta}}</ref> was selected to play Pachakili's character who last appeared in 2022 TV series [[Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar (TV series)|Naam Iruvar Namakku Iruvar 2]] has received offer to appear in the series. Kishore was selected to play male protagonist opposite Actress [[Monisha Arshak]]. he is making their debut with the series. While Stalin Muthu,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.behindtalkies.com/pandian-stores-moorthy-in-colors-serial/|title= விஜய் டிவி நடிகையின் புது சீரியலில் இணைந்த பாண்டியன் ஸ்டோர்ஸ் நடிகர் !|website=tamil.behindtalkies.com|date= 16 June 2022|language=ta}}</ref> Vijay Anand and [[Ashwin (actor, born 1987)|Ashwin Kumar]] were also selected for supporting roles.

===Release===
The first promo was unveiled on 9 June 2022, featuring The series name. The second promo was unveiled on 15 June 2022, featuring the protagonists and revealing the release date.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|21041856}}

{{Colors Tamil shows}}

[[Category:Colors Tamil original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language legal television series]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:2022 Tamil-language television series endings]]

1550 in India

2025-09-15T10:49:19Z

Ledx: add references to improve readability and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=July 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{year in India|1550}}

Events from the year '''1550 in India'''.

==Events==
* [[Afonso de Noronha]] becomes viceroy of India (until [[1554 in India|1554]])<ref name="vieroys">{{cite book|author=Frederick Charles Danvers|author-link=Frederick Charles Danvers|title=The Portuguese in India: Being a History of the Rise and Decline of Their Eastern Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MwOV-eenKy0C&pg=PA487|year=1988|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0391-2|page=487}}</ref>

==Births==
* [[Achyuta Pisharati]], [[Sanskrit grammar]]ian, [[Jyotiṣa|astrologer]], [[Indian astronomy|astronomer]] and [[Indian mathematics|mathematician]] (died [[1621 in India#Deaths|1621]])
* [[Vijnanabhiksu]], philosopher (died [[1600 in India#Deaths|1600]])
* [[Chand Bibi]], warrior and acting [[Bijapur Sultanate|Regent of Bijapur]] (1580–90) and regent of [[Ahmednagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] (1596–99) (died [[1599 in India|1599]])<ref name=Bibi>{{cite web|url=http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Womeninpower1570.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219205920/http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/Womeninpower1570.htm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 July 2013 |title=Women in Power 1570-1600 |url-status=dead |df=dmy }}</ref>
* [[Rodolfo Acquaviva]], Italian Jesuit missionary at the court of [[Akbar]] is born (dies [[1583 in India|1583]])
* [[Ralph Fitch]], merchant, early European traveller to India and the court of Akbar and consultant to the [[East India Company]] is born (dies [[1611 in India|1611]])<ref name="alwaysspinning">{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/208850/Ralph-Fitch|access-date=20 July 2013|title=Ralph Fitch (british explorer)}}</ref>

==Deaths==
{death of nokialand}

==See also==
{{Portal|India}}
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
* [[Timeline of Indian history]]

{{India year nav}}
{{Year in Asia|1550}}

[[Category:1550 in India| ]]
[[Category:1550 by country]]
[[Category:Years of the 16th century in India]]
[[Category:1550 in Asia]]
[[Category:1550s in India]]

{{India-year-stub}}

Sarsawa Air Force Station

2025-08-16T12:31:27Z

Ledx: updated intro for consistency and updated info per sources

{{Short description|Airforce base in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{distinguish|Sarsawa Airport}}
{{more citations needed|date=January 2010}}
{{Infobox airport
| name = Sarsawa Air Force Station
| nativename =
| nativename-a =
| image = [[File:Roundel of India.svg|60px]]
| image-width = 250
| caption =
| image2 =
| image2-width = 
| caption2 = [[File:IMG 20140314 094609|frameless|right]]
| IATA = SWN
| ICAO = VISP
| FAA =
| LID =
| type = Military , Civil
| owner-oper = [[Indian Air Force]] (airstrip)
| owner =
| operator =
| city-served = [[Saharanpur]]
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the airport in Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label = '''VISP'''
| hub =
| built = 
| used = 
| commander = 
| occupants = 
| elevation-f = 891
| elevation-m = 272
| metric-elev =
| coordinates = {{coord|29|59|39|N|77|25|27|E|region:IN_type:airport|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| website =
| r1-number = 09/27
| r1-length-f = 9000 x 150
| r1-length-m = 2743 x 46
| r1-surface = [[Concrete]]
| metric-rwy =
| h1-number =
| h1-length-f =
| h1-length-m =
| h1-surface = 
| stat1-header =
| stat1-data = 
| stat-year =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Sarsawa Air Force Station''' is located approximately {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Saharanpur]] City, [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]] and is approximately {{convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} from [[Yamunanagar]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]. It belongs to the [[Western Air Command, Indian Air Force|Western Air Command]]. Though the sole user of this airbase is the [[Indian Air Force]], it does handle civilian flights on a regular basis for [[VIP transport]] to [[Yamunanagar]] and [[Saharanpur]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.airports-worldwide.com/india/sarsawa_india.php|title=Sarsawa Airport|website=www.airports-worldwide.com|access-date=2020-04-13}}</ref>
[[File:Fifteen children and six adults rescued from village near Yamunanagar on June 16, 2013. Indian Air Force launched a massive relief operation ‘Rahat’ at AF Stn Sarsawa.jpg|left|thumb|A [[HAL Dhruv]] during Operation Rahat]]

The Air force station is also headquarters for the [[Special Group (India)|Special Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Close encounters of the covert kind|url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/covert-operations.html|publisher=The Week|access-date= 9 October 2016}}</ref>

According to reports, the air base is being upgraded for the joint deployment of [[General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9B]] drones of Indian Army and Indian Air Force along with [[Gorakhpur Airport#Air Force Station Gorakhpur|Gorakhpur AFS]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-05 |title=Indian Army, IAF to jointly deploy Predator drones in Gorakhpur, Sarsawa air bases |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/indian-army-iaf-to-jointly-deploy-predator-drones-in-gorakhpur-sarsawa-air-bases20240505175825/ |work=[[Asian News International|ANI]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Indian Air Force}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Indian Air Force bases|S]]
[[Category:Military airbases established in 1964]]

{{India-mil-stub}}
{{India-airport-stub}}

Tribeni Sahai Misra

2025-08-15T07:56:27Z

Ledx: basic correct intro for clarity and cleaned formatting per sources

{{short description|Indian judge}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Tribeni Sahai Misra
| office = Governor of Assam
| order = 13th
| image =
| termstart = 28 March 1984
| termend = 15 April 1984
| predecessor = [[Prakash Mehrotra]]
| successor = [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]
| order1 = 4th
| office1 = Governor of Meghalaya
| termstart1 = 29 March 1984
| termend1 = 15 April 1984
| occupation = Jurist
| predecessor1 = [[Prakash Mehrotra]]
| successor1 = [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]
}}
'''Tribeni Sahai Misra''' (born 15 November 1922 in [[Mahona]]; died 24 October 2005 in [[Lucknow]]) was an [[Allahabad High Court]] Judge. He was later the Chief Justice of the [[Gauhati High Court]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.allahabadhighcourt.in/Judges/ex-judge1900-1990.htm | title=High court | publisher=[[Allahabad High Court]] | accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> He was the Governor of Assam and Meghalaya.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://assamassembly.nic.in/governor-list.html | title=GOVERNORS OF ASSAM SINCE 1937 ONWARDS | publisher=Assam Legislative Assembly | accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://megassembly.gov.in/governors_chiefministers.htm | title=NAME OF THE GOVERNORS/CHIEF MINISTER AND CHAIN OF EVENTS IN MEGHALAYA | publisher=Meghalaya Legislative Assembly | accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Assam Information|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XLe1AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=2 October 2017|year=1983|publisher=Directorate of Information & Public Relations.|page=40}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tsmmch.org/OurInspiringSoul.aspx Biography]

{{Governors of Meghalaya}}
{{Governors of Assam}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Misra, Tribeni Sahai}}
[[Category:Governors of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Governors of Assam]]
[[Category:Chief justices of the Gauhati High Court]]
[[Category:Judges of the Allahabad High Court]]
[[Category:1922 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]

Centre for Peace and Spirituality

2025-07-17T18:27:49Z

Ledx: put up initial bio w/ sources

{{notability|Org|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Centre for Peace and Spirituality (CPS International)
| formation = 2001
| headquarters = New Delhi
| leader_title = Founder
| leader_name = [[Maulana Wahiduddin Khan]]
| website = {{url|www.cpsglobal.org}}
}}
[[File:CPS International.jpg|thumb|Members of CPS International with founder [[Wahiduddin Khan]] at 2019 Quran Conference, [[New Delhi]]]]
The Centre (also spelled 'Center') for Peace and Spirituality International (CPS International) was founded by [[Wahiduddin Khan|Maulana Wahiduddin Khan]] in 2001 (New Delhi)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parray |first=Dr Tauseef Ahmad |title=A thinker in the eyes of scholars |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/todays-paper/a-thinker-in-the-eyes-of-scholars |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Greater Kashmir |date=28 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> to promote interfaith dialogue<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-22 |title=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan dies |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/maulana-wahiduddin-khan-dies-7284055/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> and reinforce the culture of peace.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-25 |title=All you need to know about Padma Vibhushan awardee Maulana Wahiduddin Khan |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/all-you-need-to-know-about-padma-vibhushan-awardee-maulana-wahiduddin-khan-101611591256620.html |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-13 |title=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan hospitalized after testing COVID-19 positive |url=https://www.siasat.com/maulana-wahiduddin-khan-hospitalized-after-testing-covid-19-positive-2123556/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> CPS International is said to encourage its member to become 'ambassadors of peace' by promoting positivity and [[interfaith dialogue]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-23 |title=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan was an Islamic scholar who believed in dialogue |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/maulana-wahiduddin-khan-islamic-scholar-obituary-7285389/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The organization website says CPS International draws inspiration from the [[Quran]] and [[Sunnah]] and seeks to share the spiritual principles of Islam with the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CPS International {{!}} CPS International |url=https://www.cpsglobal.org/cps |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.cpsglobal.org}}</ref> CPS International, with the support of Goodword Books, is also a global distributor of Quran translations.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Quran |date=2009 |publisher=Goodword Books |others=Vaḥīduddīn K̲h̲ān̲, Farīdah K̲h̲ānam |isbn=978-81-7898-653-1 |location=New Delhi |oclc=607794294}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Quran {{!}} Goodword / Islamic Books |url=https://www.goodwordbooks.com/quran |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=www.goodwordbooks.com}}</ref>

== Maulana Wahiduddin Khan ==
[[Wahiduddin Khan|Maulana Wahiduddin Khan]] (1925–2021) promoted inter-faith dialogue and harmony. He believed in the power of dialogue and believed conversation between religious leaders has to be based on mutual respect.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-23 |title=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan was an Islamic scholar who believed in dialogue |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/maulana-wahiduddin-khan-islamic-scholar-obituary-7285389/ |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Khan was prolific writer and was awarded the [[Padma Vibhushan]], India's second-highest civilian award, for his contributions towards peace and spirituality.<ref>{{Cite web |title=As an Islamic Teacher, Maulana Wahiduddin Khan Propagated Peace, Positive Thinking |url=https://thewire.in/religion/as-an-islamic-teacher-maulana-wahiduddin-khan-propagated-peace-positive-thinking |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=The Wire}}</ref>

== Notable members ==
* [[Wahiduddin Khan]], Founder<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dahlkvist |first=Mattias |title=The politics of Islam, non-violence, and peace the thought of Maulana Wahiduddin Khan in context. |date=2019 |others=Tomas Lindgren, Jan Hjärpe, Umeå universitet Humanistiska fakulteten |isbn=9789178551453 |location=Umeå |oclc=1128632884}}</ref>
* [[Saniyasnain Khan]], Trustee and Secretary<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maulana Wahiduddin Khan succumbs to Coronavirus |url=https://ummid.com/news/2021/april/22.04.2021/maulana-wahiduddin-khan-succumbs-to-coronavirus.html |access-date=2022-02-27 |website=ummid |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Rajat Malhotra]], International Global Coordinator<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-15 |title=DrRajat discusses one of the most erroneous believes about Quran |url=https://www.siasat.com/drrajat-discusses-one-most-erroneous-believes-about-quran-1693354/ |access-date=2022-04-20 |website=The Siasat Daily |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Prof. Farida Khanam]], Chairperson
* Dr Maria Khan, Affiliated with CPS Global [https://www.hudson.org/node/43777]
* <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-14 |title=Scholars divided on whether mosques are integral to Islam |url=https://www.sundayguardianlive.com/news/scholars-divided-whether-mosques-integral-islam |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=The Sunday Guardian Live |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Peace organisations based in India]]

G. S. Medical College and Hospital

2025-05-31T14:42:56Z

Ledx: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of medical colleges in India]]

M. K. Keshavan

2025-04-20T04:48:24Z

Ledx: general update page for consistency after review

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
'''M. K. Keshavan''' (1936 – 10 July 1997) was an [[Indian people|Indian]] politician and leader of [[Communist Party of India]]. He represented [[Vaikom (State Assembly constituency)|Vaikom]] constituency in 5th, 6th, 7th and 10th KLA.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Members – Kerala Legislature|url=http://niyamasabha.org/codes/members/m303.htm|access-date=2021-10-16|website=niyamasabha.org}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Communist Party of India politicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1977–1979]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1980–1982]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1982–1987]]
[[Category:Kerala MLAs 1996–2001]]
{{Kerala-CPIndia-politician-stub}}