Bharatpedia - User contributions [en]

Transport in Bengaluru

2026-05-06T16:05:49Z

LavernRuss601: adding basic info nd citations

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

'''Transport in [[Bengaluru]]''' consists of several intracity commute modes such as [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation|BMTC]] buses, [[Namma Metro]] rail services, taxis and [[auto rickshaws]], as well as several intercity forms of transport: Government operated [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]], [[NWKRTC]], [[KKRTC]], other states RTC buses, Private bus operators, trains, and flights.

==Intracity==
===Road===
{{see also|Infrastructure in Bengaluru}}

Bangalore has a road network of 10,200 kilometres, with a road density (length of road per square kilometre) of 8.2 km, according to a report by Global Mobility Monitor Network. This road density is substantially lower than of that of India's capital [[Delhi]] and cited as the reason for [[traffic congestion]] in the city.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ray |first1=Aparajitha |title=Bangalore fares poorly in road density |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Bangalore-roads-Global-Mobility-Monitor-Network/articleshow/28566375.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=9 January 2014}}</ref>

====Private and rental vehicles====
At the end of the 2018–19 financial year, Bangalore had more than 80 lakh vehicles registered in the city, the most in India after Delhi.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru's vehicle population crosses 80 lakh |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengalurus-vehicle-population-crosses-80-lakh/article26705015.ece |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=1 April 2019}}</ref><ref name="dh1">{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Chiranjeevi |title=Bengaluru closes in on Delhi, has 80 lakh vehicles |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/bengaluru-closes-in-on-delhi-has-80-lakh-vehicles-726305.html |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=1 April 2019}}</ref> Over 55 lakh [[two-wheeler]]s (motorcycles) and 15 lakh cars together make up for close to 85 per cent of the vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |title=TOTAL VEHICLES REGISTERED IN BENGALURU METROPOLITAN CITY AS ON FEB 2019 |url=http://transport.karnataka.gov.in/uploads/files/Ban_Feb_19.pdf |publisher=transport.karnataka.gov.in |accessdate=15 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="dh1" /> In 2018, Bangalore was reported to have the second highest number of two-wheelers in the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=At 50 lakh, Bengaluru has 2nd most number of two-wheelers |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/at-50-lakhbengaluru-has-2nd-most-number-of-two-wheelers/articleshow/62718089.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=31 January 2018}}</ref> Bangalore's car density (number of cars for every kilometre of road), however, was found to be 149 – much lower than other major Indian cities.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mumbai is India's most car-congested city with 510 cars per kilometre |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/mumbai-car-density-traffic-congestion-delhi-mumbai-is-indias-most-car-congested-city-with-510-cars-per-km/story/330734.html |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=Business Today |date=25 March 2019}}</ref> App based rental motorcycles, bicycles and cars are also available for commuting. When purchasing a vehicle in Bangalore, the on-road price comprises the ex-showroom price, Karnataka state road tax (levied as a percentage of the ex-showroom value, with higher-priced vehicles attracting a higher rate), RTO registration charges, and the insurance premium; electric vehicles may benefit from road tax concessions under Karnataka's EV policy.<ref>{{cite web |title=On-Road Car Prices in Bangalore |url=https://motomotar.com/on-road-price-in-bangalore/ |website=MotoMotar |access-date=19 February 2026}}</ref>

====Buses====
{{Main|Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation}}
[[File:Kamakya Bus Depo (5), Bengaluru.jpg|thumb|A [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation|BMTC]] Air-conditioned [[Vajra]] Buses]]
[[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] (BMTC) buses are the primary mode of public transport in Bangalore. As of December 2025, BMTC operates a fleet of 7038 buses(including EV), which is 0.1% of vehicle population.<ref>{{Cite web|date=1 April 2019|title=Bengaluru closes in on Delhi, has 80 lakh vehicles|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/top-bengaluru-stories/bengaluru-closes-in-on-delhi-has-80-lakh-vehicles-726305.html|access-date=14 December 2021|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> BMTC has a daily ridership of 35.8 lakh.<ref name="toi">{{cite news |title=Bengaluru: BMTC daily ridership drops to 36 lakh as commuters shift gears |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/as-commuters-shift-gears-bmtcs-daily-ridership-drops-to-36-lakh/articleshow/71238762.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=22 September 2019}}</ref> BMTC has 3 major bus stations i.e., [[Kempegowda Bus Station]], [[K. R. Market|Krishna Rajendra Market Bus Station (Kalasipalya Bus Station)]], or [[Shivajinagar, Bangalore|Shivajinagara Bus Station]].<ref name="toi"/> BMTC also has 35 minor bus stations and 12 TTMCs in various locations in the city and suburbs.

Non-AC buses are branded as "[[Bengaluru Sarige]]". AC buses as "[[Vajra Bus,BMTC|Vajra]]". Airport bound AC buses as "[[Vayu Vajra]]"

In 2006, BMTC became the first state road transport undertaking to utilise air-conditioned buses for intra-city transport. As of 2019, BMTC has 825 air-conditioned Volvo buses branded as "[[Vajra Bus,BMTC|Vajra]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=BMTC will phase out Volvo buses, lease EVs |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bmtc-will-phase-out-volvo-buses-lease-evs/articleshow/71513163.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=10 October 2019}}</ref> Several tech parks and groups of companies in the city have partnered with BMTC to provide dedicated bus routes, such as [[ORRCA]], for their employees in order to reduce vehicular traffic.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Preeja |title=Don't need empty BMTC Volvo buses adding to Bengaluru's traffic mess, say citizens |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/mar/23/dont-need-empty-bmtc-volvo-buses-adding-to-bengalurus-traffic-mess-say-citizens-1954483.html |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=23 March 2019}}</ref> BMTC also operates air-conditioned "[[Vayu Vajra]]" buses from different parts of the city to the [[Kempegowda International Airport]]. These buses have fewer stops compared to other bus routes.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lalitha |first1=S |title=Vayu Vajra's monthly pass boost for BMTC |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2019/mar/18/vayu-vajras-monthly-pass-boost-for-bmtc-1952463.html |access-date=15 October 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=18 March 2019}}</ref>

BMTC issues different types of [[bus pass]]es for its passengers including yearly student passes, monthly and daily passes. A survey conducted in 2019 found that nearly 48 per cent of BMTC passengers have bus passes.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Menezes |first1=Naveen |title=48% of BMTC users hold a pass: Survey |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/48-of-bmtc-users-hold-a-pass-survey/articleshow/67666344.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=24 January 2019}}</ref>

BMTC ridership saw a decline starting from 2014 to 2015, due to various factors.<ref>{{cite news |title=BMTC sees steady decline in ridership |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bmtc-sees-steady-decline-in-ridership/article27105621.ece |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=12 May 2019}}</ref> In 2019, BMTC's operating loss was reported to have gone up from {{INR}}1.06 per km in 2018–19 to {{INR}}4.32 per km in 2019–20.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Chiranjeevi |title=BMTC credit rating goes south |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/city/bmtc-credit-rating-goes-south-762405.html |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=19 September 2019}}</ref> The same year, it was announced that BMTC buses will be provided a "priority lane" on 12 high-density corridors in late-2019 to reduce traffic congestion and travel time branded as "Nimbus".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Arakal |first1=Ralph Alex |title=Bengaluru to get dedicated bus lanes from November 1; BBMP directed to build bus shelters |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-to-get-dedicated-bus-lanes-from-november-1-6042289/ |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=Bus lanes may win BMTC back users, decongest roads |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bus-lanes-may-win-bmtc-back-users-decongest-roads/articleshow/71471620.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> After which it was defunct due to construction of [[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|Blue Line]] Metro.

====Taxis====
[[File:Bangalore Taxi.jpg|thumb|A taxi in Bangalore in 2008.]]
The number of registered cars in Bangalore was reported to be eleven million in 2022 of that number over 251 thousand were taxis(in 2020)<ref>{{cite news |title=Number of registered taxis across India in financial year 2020, by major cities (in 1,000s) |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/666671/registered-taxis-by-major-city/india/ |work=Statista |access-date=12 May 2024}}</ref> This increase was attributed to the rising popularity of app-based taxi-hailing services such as [[Ola Cabs]] and [[Uber]], which have "revolutionised" transport in the city while contributing to the increase in traffic. Taxi services, along with [[Namma Metro]], caused the decline in BMTC and rickshaw ridership, according to a report in ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ola & Uber revolutionised transport in Bengaluru; but congest city roads & hit use of mass transport |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ride-hailing-services-congest-bengaluru-roads-hit-use-of-mass-transport/articleshow/70224660.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

Prior to the entry of Ola Cabs and Uber, Bangalore had taxi services such as [[Meru Cabs]], [[Karnataka State Tourism Development Corporation|KSTDC]] and Mega Cabs. Meru Cabs started plying in 2007,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suresh |first1=Haripriya |title=Mahindra to take on Ola, Uber, acquires 55% stake in Meru Cabs |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/mahindra-take-ola-uber-acquires-55-stake-meru-cabs-108192 |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The News Minute |date=1 September 2019}}</ref> whereas the government-owned KSTDC entered the industry in 2009, providing taxis to and from the airport, in partnership with the [[Bangalore International Airport Limited]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Many KSTDC airport cabs run without documents |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/many-kstdc-airport-cabs-run-without-documents/articleshow/62386548.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=6 January 2018}}</ref>

Some companies also operated [[Motorcycle taxi|bike taxis]] in Bangalore but the state transport department deemed them to be illegal.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Menezes |first1=Naveen |title=Transport department halts Ola bike taxi |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/transport-department-halts-ola-bike-taxi/articleshow/68043239.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=18 February 2019}}</ref>

====Auto rickshaws====
[[File:BangaloreRickshaw.jpg|thumb|An auto rickshaw in front of the [[Vidhana Soudha]].]]
[[Auto rickshaws]] are used in the city for travelling short distances. As of January 2019, Bangalore has 1.94 lakh auto rickshaws, out of which more than 25,000 are two-stroke rickshaws. Two-stroke rickshaws, which are said to be a major cause of sound and air pollution, will be allowed to ply only until 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Menezes |first1=Naveen |title=Bengaluru: Transport dept to issue new auto permits after 7 yrs in Bengaluru |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/transport-dept-to-issue-new-auto-permits-after-7-yrs-in-bengaluru/articleshow/67345560.cms?from=mdr |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=2 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad S |first1=Shyam |title=Bangalore Auto Drivers: Two-stroke autos to ply till 2020: Karnataka government to High Court |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/two-stroke-autos-to-ply-till-2020-karnataka-government-to-high-court/articleshow/68894946.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=16 April 2019}}</ref> Rickshaw drivers in the city are known to charge the customer extra and seldom use the [[Taximeter|meter]].<ref>{{cite news |title=No auto driver is ready to go by the meter in Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/No-auto-driver-is-ready-to-go-by-the-meter-in-Bengaluru/article15007773.ece |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=30 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Preeja |title=Bengaluru autorickshaw drivers charge extra despite police action |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2018/nov/27/city-auto-drivers-charge-extra-despite-police-action-1903586.html |access-date=17 October 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=27 November 2018}}</ref> In 2014, Ola Cabs introduced on-demand rickshaw hailing services on its platform, making Bangalore the first city to get "Ola Auto" Uber also re-introduced 'Uber-Auto' in Bangalore on 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shrivastava |first1=Aditi |title=Ola starts on-demand auto rickshaw pilot in Bangalore |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/ola-starts-on-demand-auto-rickshaw-pilot-in-bangalore/articleshow/45179102.cms |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Economic Times |date=18 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ola comes out with auto-rickshaw service in New Delhi |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/ola-comes-out-with-auto-rickshaw-service-in-new-delhi-233435-2014-12-30 |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=India Today |date=30 December 2014}}</ref>

As of 2017, the city does not have permission to run [[electric rickshaw]]s (e-rickshaws) which are smaller than normal auto rickshaws and have a maximum speed of 25kmph. Bangalore Traffic Police stated that, although eco-friendly, e-rickshaws "would slow down vehicular movement."Though e-rickshaws are allowed in other parts of the State in 2021, it is still not allowed in Bangalore. However, the city does have permission to operate e-autorickshaws.<ref>{{cite news |title=E-rickshaws in Bengaluru: To ply or not to ply |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/e-rickshaws-in-bengaluru-to-ply-or-not-to-ply/article21828083.ece |accessdate=15 October 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=18 December 2017}}</ref>

===Rail===
There are two types of rail in Bangalore. They are Namma Metro (For travel within the city) and the Indian Railways which links Bengaluru with the rest of India.

====Metro rail====
{{Main|Namma Metro}}
[[File:Namma metro green line.jpg|thumb|A [[Namma Metro]] train on Green Line.]]
[[Namma Metro]] rapid transit system operated by Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL) began construction in 2008, and operation started in 2011, after missing several deadlines. As of 2025, it has [[List of Namma Metro stations|83 operational stations]] across three lines ([[Green Line (Namma Metro)|Green Line]], [[Purple Line (Namma Metro)|Purple Line]] and [[Yellow Line (Namma Metro)|Yellow Line]]), covering a distance of 96.1 km.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=BMRCL fare-box revenue increased by 26.34% |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bmrcl-fare-box-revenue-increased-by-26-34/articleshow/71602536.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=15 October 2019}}</ref>

Phase 1 of Namma Metro started with the Purple Line (Baiyappanahalli - Mysuru Road) and Green Line (Nagasandra - Yelachenahalli).

Phase 2 includes the extension of the Purple Line on the west side (Mysuru Road - Challaghatta) and east side (Baiyappanahalli - Whitefield), and also the extension of the Green Line on the north side (Nagasandra - Madavara) and on the south side (Yelachenahalli - Silk Institute). Three new lines (Yellow, Pink and Blue) were introduced as part of Phase 2.

Yellow Line (Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road - Bommasandra) opened on 11 August 2025. Pink Line (Kalena Agrahara - Nagawara) also comes under Phase 2 and is under construction. Phase 2A and Phase 2B were introduced with a single line (Blue Line) from Central Silk Board to Kempegowda International Airport via Krishnarajapura and Hebbal, is under construction.

Phase 3 has been introduced in 2024 with three more lines, Red, Orange, and Grey Lines.

The Metro runs six-car trains, which have a total capacity of 2004 passengers. The average daily ridership was reported to be 4.5 lakh in 2019.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=Bengaluru Metro: 6-coach trains may be delayed |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/bengaluru-metro-6-coach-trains-may-be-delayed/articleshow/71129658.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=14 September 2019}}</ref>

Namma Metro has seen a steady growth in passenger footfall and popularity since 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bengaluru's Namma Metro's popularity soars, records highest ever ridership |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/bengaluru-s-namma-metro-s-popularity-soars-records-highest-ever-ridership-90199 |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The News Minute |date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=Namma Metro surges ahead, clocks four-crore jump in annual ridership |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/namma-metro-surges-ahead-clocks-four-crore-jump-in-annual-ridership/articleshow/67631785.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=22 January 2019}}</ref> However, the compartments are reported to be highly crowded during peak hours, despite addition of more trains during such time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Phadnis |first1=Vivek |title=A peak-hour ride on Namma Metro |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/a-peak-hour-ride-on-namma-metro-723711.html |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=Deccan Herald |date=17 March 2019}}</ref> There have been claims that Metro has caused road traffic congestion around its stations due to a lack of efficient [[Last mile (transportation)|last-mile connectivity]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=Namma Metro has not cut congestion, led to new problems: Transport chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/namma-metro-has-not-cut-congestion-led-to-new-problems-transport-chief/articleshow/65877331.cms |accessdate=17 October 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=19 September 2018}}</ref>

'''Lines:'''
{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center" style="text-align:center; style=" font-size:85%;margin:auto"
! colspan="8" style="background:#ADD8E6;" |Operational Lines
|-
!No.
!Line name
! colspan="2" |Terminals
!Stations
!Distance (km)
!Opening date
!Last Extension
|-
! rowspan="1" |1
| rowspan="1" style="background:#8c2877; text-align: center;" |[[Purple Line (Namma Metro)|'''Purple''']]
|[[Challaghatta metro station|Challaghatta]]
|[[Whitefield (Kadugodi) metro station|Whitefield (Kadugodi)]]
| style="text-align: center;" |37
| style="text-align: center;" |{{Cvt|43.49|km|}}
| style="text-align:center;" |20 October 2011
|9 October 2023
|-
! rowspan="1" |2
| rowspan="1" style="background:#009933; text-align: center;" |[[Green Line (Namma Metro)|'''Green''']]
|[[Silk Institute metro station|Silk Institute]]
|[[Madavara metro station|Madavara]]
| style="text-align: center;" |32
| style="text-align: center;" |{{Cvt|33.46|km|}}
| style="text-align:center;" |1 March 2014
|7 November 2024
|-
! rowspan="1" |3
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Yellow}};text-align: center;" |[[Yellow Line (Namma Metro)|'''Yellow''']]
|[[Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road metro station|Rashtreeya Vidyalaya Road]]
|[[Delta Electronics Bommasandra metro station|Delta Electronics Bommasandra]]
| style="text-align: center;" |16
| style="text-align: center;" |{{Cvt|19.15|km|}}
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |11 August 2025
|-
! colspan="4" |
!83
!{{Cvt|96.10|km|}}
! colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="8" style="background:#ADD8E6;" |Under Construction
|-
!No.
!Line name
! colspan="2" |Terminals
!Stations
!Distance (km)
! colspan="2" |Opening date
|-
!1
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Pink}};text-align: center;" |[[Pink Line (Namma Metro)|'''Pink''']]
|[[Kalena Agrahara metro station|Kalena Agrahara]]
|[[Nagawara metro station|Nagawara]]
|18
|{{Cvt|21.25|km|}}
| colspan="2" |''May 2026''
|-
!2
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Blue}};text-align: center;" |[[Blue Line (Namma Metro)|'''Blue''']]
|{{stl|Namma Metro|Central Silk Board}}
|[[KIAL Terminals metro station|KIAL Terminals]]
|29
|{{Cvt|58.19|km|}}
| colspan="2" |''December 2026''
|-
! colspan="4" |
!46
!{{Cvt|79.44|km|}}
! colspan="2" |
|-
! colspan="8" style="background:#ADD8E6;"|Planned
|-
!No.
!Line name
! colspan="2" |Terminals
!Stations
!Distance (km)
! colspan="2" |Opening date
|-
!1
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Orange}};text-align: center;" |[[Orange Line (Namma Metro)|'''Orange''']]
|{{stl|Namma Metro|Kempapura}}
|[[JP Nagar 4th Phase metro station|JP Nagar 4th Phase]]
|22
|{{Cvt|32.15|km|}}
| colspan="2" |''2029''
|-
!2
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Grey}};text-align: center;" |[[Grey Line (Namma Metro)|'''Grey''']]
|[[Hosahalli metro station|Hosahalli]]
|Kadabagere
|9
|{{Cvt|12.5|km|}}
| colspan="2" |''2029''
|-
!3
| rowspan="1" style="background:#{{rail color|Namma Metro|Red}};text-align: center;" |[[Red Line (Namma Metro)|'''Red''']]
|[[Hebbala metro station|Hebbala]]
|Sarjapura
|28
|{{Cvt|37
|km|}}
| colspan="2" |''2030''
|-
! colspan="4" |
!59
!{{Cvt|81.65|km|}}
! colspan="2" |
|}

====Commuter/Suburban rail====
{{main|Bengaluru Suburban Rail}}
A 148.17 km commuter rail network project has been approved and is under construction. It will be operated by [[Bangalore Suburban Rail Company Limited]] (BSRCL).<ref>{{Citation|title=5. Protecting the Suburban Lifestyle: Consumption, Crime, and the American Dream|date=31 December 2019|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813562094-007|work=Look Closer|pages=179–211|publisher=Rutgers University Press|doi=10.36019/9780813562094-007 |isbn=978-0-8135-6209-4 |access-date=14 December 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

'''Lines:'''

Sampige Line (Under Construction)
Mallige Line (Under Construction)
Parijaata Line (Under Construction)
Kanaka Line (Under Construction)

==Intercity==
===Buses===
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = KSRTC-Scania-Airavat-Diamond-Class.jpg
| image2 = KSRTC-Mercedes-Benz.jpg
| total_width = 350
| footer = KSRTC [[Airavat Club Class]] Scania (Previously Airavat Diamond Class for Scania) Semi-sleeper bus (left) and Mercedes-Benz Semi-sleeper bus (Scrapped) (right)
}}
The [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]] (KSRTC), headquartered in Bangalore, along with sister corporations [[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation|NWKRTC]] and [[Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation|KKRTC]] runs intercity buses from the city to various parts of Karnataka as well as neighbouring states. It operates ordinary seater bus services with the brand name "[[Karnataka Sarige]] (''Karnataka Roadways'')". Non-air conditioned sleeper and semi-sleeper with the brand name "[[Rajahamsa Executive Class]]". It was the first state RTC to launch air-conditioned buses in 2002–03 under the brand name "Airavat". These buses are premium bi-axle semi-sleeper buses manufactured by [[Volvo]] and [[Mercedes-Benz]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mehrotra |first1=Riya |title=Come 2020, KSRTC wants you to have a smooth ride |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/come-2020-ksrtc-wants-you-to-have-a-smooth-ride/articleshow/71930532.cms |accessdate=14 November 2019 |work=Bangalore Mirror |date=6 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Philip |first1=Christin Mathew |title=KSRTC's Volvo multi-axle sleeper buses to dent private operators biz |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/ksrtcs-luxury-multi-axle-buses-may-hurt-pvt-operators-biz/articleshow/69064329.cms |accessdate=14 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=27 April 2019}}</ref> [[Airavat Club Class]] is a premium multi-axle bus service operated using buses manufactured by [[Volvo]], [[Scania AB|Scania]], and [[Mercedes-Benz]]. Air-conditioned sleeper buses manufactured by Corona are branded as [[Ambaari Class]] and those manufactured by Volvo are branded as "Ambaari Dream Class" and "[[Ambaari Utsav Class]]".

Apart from KSRTC, a number of private operators and other state RTCs ply buses from Bangalore to different parts of South India, West India and Rajasthan. According to a 2012 report in ''[[The Hindu]]'', more than 6000 buses belonging to KSRTC, [[NWKRTC]], [[NEKRTC|KKRTC]] and other states' RTCs, as well as 2000 private buses run from Bangalore to other cities.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sastry |first1=Anil Kumar |title=As KSRTC shunts operations out of city, private buses move in |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/as-ksrtc-shunts-operations-out-of-city-private-buses-move-in/article3798067.ece |accessdate=14 November 2019 |work=The Hindu |date=20 August 2012}}</ref>

==== Bus stations ====
* [[Kempegowda Bus Station|Kempegowda Bus Station (Majestic Bus Station)]]
** [[Karnataka]] (except [[Mysore district]] and [[Kodagu district]] services)
** [[Andhra Pradesh]]
** [[Telangana]]
** [[Maharashtra]]
** [[Goa]]
* [[Mysore Road Bus Station]]
** [[Karnataka]] (only [[Mysore district]] and [[Kodagu district]] services)
** [[Tamil Nadu]] (except Luxury Express services and [[Hosur]] services)
** [[Kerala]]
** [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] (except Luxury Express services)
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee TTMC|Atal Bihari Vajpayee Traffic and Transit Management Center (Shantinagara Traffic and Transit Management Center)]]
** [[Tamil Nadu]] (only Luxury Express services)
** [[Andhra Pradesh]] (only services via [[National Highway 75 (India)|Old Madras Road]])
** [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] (only Luxury Express services)
* [[K. R. Market|Krishna Rajendra Market Bus Station (Kalasipalya Bus Station)]]
** [[Karnataka]] (only [[Bangalore Urban district]], [[Bangalore Rural district]], [[Chikkaballapur district]], [[Kolar district]])
** [[Tamil Nadu]] ([[Hosur]] services)
* [[Peenya|Shree Basaveshwara Bus Station (Tumkur Road Bus Station)]]
** Currently defunct

===Rail===
[[File:Bangalore Chennai Double Decker Express.jpg|thumb|A double decker train that runs between Bangalore and Chennai.]]
Bangalore is part of the [[South Western Railway zone]] of the Indian Railways and is well connected to various parts of the country by rail network.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Railway Stations in Bangalore
!Station
!Platforms
!Code
!Metro Connection
|-
! colspan="4" |Terminal stations
|-
|[[Bangalore City railway station|Krantivira Sangolli Rayanna - Bangalore Station]]
|10
|SBC
|Yes
|-
|[[Yesvantpur Junction railway station|Yesvantpur Junction]]
|6
|YPR
|Yes
|-
|[[Bangalore Cantonment railway station|Bangalore Cantonment]]
|3
|BNC
|No
|-
|[[Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal, Bengaluru]]
|7
|SMVB
|No
|-
|[[Yelahanka Junction railway station|Yelahanka Junction]]
|3
|YNK
|No
|-
! colspan="4" |Halt stations
|-
|[[Krishnarajapuram railway station|Krishnarajapura]]
|4
|KJM
|Yes
|-
|[[Banaswadi railway station|Banaswadi]]
|3
|BAND
|No
|-
|[[Kengeri railway station|Kengeri]]
|4
|KGI
|No
|-
|[[Baiyyappanahalli railway station|Baiyappanahalli]]
|2
|BYPL
|Yes
|-
|[[Bangalore East railway station|Bangalore East]]
|2
|BNCE
|No
|-
|[[Channasandra railway station|Channasandra]]
|2
|CSDR
|No
|-
|[[Hoodi Halt railway station|Hoodi Halt]]
|2
|HDIH
|No
|-
|[[Kempegowda International Airport halt railway station|Kempegowda International Airport Halt]]
|1
|KIAD
|No
|-
|[[Krishnadevaraya halt railway station|Krishnadevaraya Halt]]
|2
|KNDV
|No
|-
|Jnanabharathi Halt
|2
|GNB
|Yes
|-
|[[Nayandahalli railway station|Nayandahalli]]
|4
|NYH
|No
|-
|Malleshwaram
|2
|MWM
|No
|-
|Lottegollahalli
|2
|LOGH
|No
|-
|Kodigehalli
|2
|KDGH
|No
|-
|[[Thanisandra railway station|Thanisandra]]
|1
|THSA
|No
|-
|Whitefield Satellite Goods Terminal
|
|SGWF
|No
|-
|[[Whitefield (Bangalore) railway station|Whitefield]]
|4
|WFD
|No
|-
|Hebbal
|2
|HEB
|No
|-
|Bellandur road
|1
|BLRR
|No
|-
|Karmelaram
|2
|CRLM
|No
|-
|Chikkabanavara
|5
|BAW
|No
|-
|Nelamangala
|2
|NMGA
|No
|}

===Air===
[[File:Bengaluru-airport.jpg|thumb|Kempegowda International Airport]]
Bangalore is India's third largest city and fourth largest metropolitan Area. It is well connected by air to all the important destinations domestically and Internationally. It houses India's third busiest Airport. The current airport situated 40 km from the heart of the city on [[National Highway 44 (India)|NH 44]] was built in 2008 due to the growing air traffic and expansion constraints at [[HAL Airport]].

'''Airport:'''
* [[Kempegowda International Airport]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Transport in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport in Bangalore}}
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru| ]]
[[Category:Transport in Karnataka]]

Godman (India)

2026-05-04T16:24:14Z

LavernRuss601: put up new stub and citations - done

{{Short description|Guru who claims paranormal powers}}
{{Other uses|Godman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}

'''Godman''' is a term used in [[India]] for a type of [[Con artist|healer]] or spiritual leader who is often raised to a [[demigod]]-like figure by his [[cult]] following. They generally claim to possess [[paranormal]] powers, such as [[faith healing|the ability to heal]], [[clairvoyance|the ability to see or influence future events]], and [[Telepathy|the ability to read minds]].<ref name="Lochtefeld2002">{{cite book|author=James G. Lochtefeld|title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5kl0DYIjUPgC&q=253&pg=PA253|access-date=26 March 2014|year=2002|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-8239-3179-8|page=253}}</ref> Godmen usually have a high-profile presence, and attract support from large sections of Indian society.<ref name=Mehta>Mehta, Uday (1993), Modern Godmen in India: A Sociological Appraisal, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, {{ISBN|81-7154-708-7}}.</ref>

==Overview==
Godmen are revered as special human beings and often worshipped by their followers.<ref name="Woodhead2002">{{cite book|author=Linda Woodhead|title=Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwqFGUKUb58C&pg=PP5|access-date=26 March 2014|date=January 2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-21783-5|page=35|quote=By far the most famous Godman of today is Sathya Sai Baba.}}</ref> Some godmen come from established schools of spirituality, but often they do not belong to any religious order. In recent years, many godmen have gained followers outside of India, which has increased their fame and wealth.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002"/>

[[Sathya Sai Baba]] (1926–2011) was a notable godman with a very large following.<ref name="Lochtefeld2002"/><ref name="Woodhead2002"/><ref name="Quack2011">{{cite book|author=Johannes Quack|title=Disenchanting India: Organized Rationalism and Criticism of Religion in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNbxUwhS5RUC&pg=PR14|access-date=26 March 2014|date=22 November 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-981260-8|page=96}}</ref> He was known for alleged miracles like materialising sacred ash ([[vibhuti|''vibhuti'']]), and other objects like watches and jewels. He was also involved in [[philanthropy]], which include hospitals, schools and universities.<ref name="Woodhead2002"/>

[[Neem Karoli Baba]] (c. 1900–1973) is another well-known godman revered by many in the United States, a guru to whom innumerable miracles have been attributed.

There are also female gurus who are considered divine and are revered by their followers, some having been spouses and collaborators of noted male gurus. Female gurus who are considered to be divine or saintly by their followers include [[Mirra Alfassa]] (1878–1973), [[Anandamayi Ma]] (1896–1982), [[Mata Amritanandamayi]] (born 1953), and [[Mother Meera]] (born 1960).<ref name="Woodhead2002"/>

Although few godmen have allowed their powers to be examined scientifically, [[Swami Rama]] became famous by participating in the [[biofeedback]] research conducted by Elmer Green at the [[Menninger Foundation]] around 1970.<ref name="AnkerbergWeldon1996">{{cite book|author1=John Ankerberg|author2=John Weldon|title=Encyclopedia of New Age Beliefs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SghdYBbMds0C&pg=PA598|year=1996|publisher=Harvest House Publishers|isbn=978-1-56507-160-5|pages=598–}}</ref><ref name="Swingle2008">{{cite book|author=Paul G. Swingle|title=Biofeedback for the Brain: How Neurotherapy Effectively Treats Depression, ADHD, Autism, and More|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rcz9j4qALxkC&pg=PA45|access-date=1 April 2014|year=2008|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-4287-4|page=45}}</ref>

==Political patronage==
Several godmen have found patronage among politicians and other high-ranking officials. Sathya Sai Baba had several devotees in the political field. They include [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) politician [[L. K. Advani]].<ref name=hocus/><ref>{{cite news|title=Political leaders condole Sai Baba's death|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/political-leaders-condole-sai-babas-death-132655-2011-04-23|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=24 April 2011|quote=I first came in contact with him shortly after my incarceration in the Bangalore Central Jail during the 1975–77 Emergency. After that I have been meeting him frequently.}}</ref> In 2001, an official letter was issued that defended [[Sathya Sai Baba]] against accusations, the signatories included then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], former [[Chief Justice of India|Chief Justices]] [[P. N. Bhagwati]] and [[Ranganath Misra]], and former [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]] [[Shivraj Patil]].<ref name=miracle_man>{{cite news|title=Obituary: Miracle man|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fline/fl2810/stories/20110520281002600.htm|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]]|date=7 May 2011|archive-date=21 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055326/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fline/fl2810/stories/20110520281002600.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2006, [[Ravi Shankar (spiritual leader)|Ravi Shankar]] was nominated for the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] by [[US Congressman|U.S. Congressman]] [[Joseph Crowley]].<ref name="Farndon2009">{{cite book|author=John Farndon|title=India Booms: The Breathtaking Development and Influence of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-rvogRuj1_0C&pg=PA68|access-date=1 April 2014|date=27 May 2009|publisher=Ebury Publishing|isbn=978-0-7535-2074-1|page=68}}</ref> In June 2007, former [[President of India]] [[Pratibha Patil]] claimed to have had a visitation from [[Dada Lekhraj]] (1876–1969) giving her the premonition of her nomination as the President.<ref name=hocus>{{cite news|title=Hocus focus: Presidential candidate Pratibha Patil is not the only one to believe in spirits and premonitions.|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070701/asp/7days/story_7999408.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070827181357/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1070701/asp/7days/story_7999408.asp|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 August 2007|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Telegraph (India)]]|date=1 July 2007|author=Padmaparna Ghosh}}</ref><ref name=patil_ghost>{{cite news|title=Pratibha claims divine premonition of greater responsibility|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-newdelhi/pratibha-claims-divine-premonition-of-greater-responsibility/article1862552.ece|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=28 June 2007}}</ref>

In September 2013, [[Unnao gold treasure incident|Shobhan Sarkar]] claimed to have dreamt of gold buried under the palace of [[Rao Ram Baksh Singh]], a 19th-century king.<ref name=shoban>{{cite news|title=Shobhan Sarkar: The truth behind gold digging baba of Unnao |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/truth-behind-gold-digging-baba-shobhan-sarkar-222312-2013-12-28|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[India Today]]|date=29 December 2013}}</ref> One of his disciples contacted [[Charan Das Mahant]], then the Union Minister of State in the [[Ministry of Food Processing Industries]], who in turn convinced various other officials. Later, [[Archaeological Survey of India]] (ASI) conducted surveys of the site on 12 October and announced an excavation on 15 October. On 18 November 2013, after finding no signs of gold ASI stopped the excavation and began filling up the trenches.<ref name=ASI_stops>{{cite news|title=No sign of gold, ASI stops Unnao digging|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/no-sign-of-gold-asi-stops-unnao-digging/1196575/|access-date=1 April 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=19 November 2013}}</ref>

==Debunking of alleged miracles==
The [[Federation of Indian Rationalist Associations]] (FIRA) has organised seminars to expose how alleged miracles are actually performed by [[sleight of hand]].<ref name=TricksRevealed>{{cite news|title=Tricks revealed|url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/05/31/stories/2003053100110300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030621060708/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/yw/2003/05/31/stories/2003053100110300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=21 June 2003|access-date=24 January 2015|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=31 May 2003}}</ref> Members of the [[Indian Rationalist Association]] travel to villages across India and perform shows to debunk miracles, educating villagers to keep them from giving money to godmen.<ref name=ExposeMiracle>{{cite news|title=Rationalists expose miracle men to villagers|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10584228|access-date=24 January 2015|work=[[New Zealand Herald]]|date=14 July 2009}}</ref> [[Maharashtra Andhashraddha Nirmoolan Samiti]] (MANS) and the [[Maharashtra Rationalist Association]] are also actively engaged in exposing false claims of spiritual gurus.{{citation needed|date=December 2021}}

===Common miracles and explanations===
[[File:SanalEdamaruku training students at National Science Centre in New Delhi India.jpg|thumb|[[Sanal Edamaruku]] debunking a "levitation trick"]]
[[File:Naatriumi reaktsioon veega purustab klaasist anuma.jpg|thumb|A popular trick often shown by godmen is simply a [[chemical reaction]] of [[sodium]] and [[water]]. ]]
* [[Levitation (paranormal)|Levitation]] of a person under a blanket: The trick is done by lying on the floor covered by a blanket and slowly sitting up while holding out two [[hockey stick]]s to mimic the rising of the legs and feet.<ref name=GuruFraudsters>{{cite news|title=Exposed: the tricks of India's 'guru' fraudsters|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/asia/exposed-the-tricks-of-india-s-guru-fraudsters-1.482741/|access-date=24 January 2015|work=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]] |location=Abu Dhabi |date=31 May 2010}}</ref>
* Levitation of a person holding a stick: In this trick, the person appears to be floating above a mat supported only by bamboo stick held in his hand. The hollow bamboo stick and performer's robes contain a [[bracket (architecture)|bracket]] which supports the person's weight and a rod runs through the bamboo and is anchored hidden under the mat.<ref name=TwilightZone/>
* Making rocks explode by sprinkling holy water: The rocks have sodium crystals embedded in them, which reacts to ordinary water and expands rapidly.<ref name=GuruFraudsters/>
* Creating fire by pouring [[ghee]] on wood: The wood pile contains potassium permanganate. It reacts to the glycerine, which is passed off as ghee and catches fire.<ref name=GuruFraudsters/><ref name=TwilightZone/>
* [[Fire eating]] or carrying flames on palm: A cube of burning [[camphor]] can be held safely for a few seconds, by practice. It can also be held on the tongue. If the camphor becomes too hot, the performer exhales and closes the mouth, putting out the flame.<ref name=TwilightZone>{{cite news|title=Confrontation in the Twilight zone|url=http://www.sify.com/finance/confrontation-in-the-twilight-zone-news-default-ni5bUiigeagsi.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529001530/http://www.sify.com/finance/confrontation-in-the-twilight-zone-news-default-ni5bUiigeagsi.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 May 2015|access-date=24 January 2015|website=[[Sify]]|date=30 August 2013}}</ref>
* [[Fire walking|Walking on burning coals]]: There is salt sprinkled on the coal which draws moisture; or the performer has wet his feet, forming a layer of dirt on them. If the performer walks quickly, he will not get burned.<ref name=TwilightZone/>

==See also==
* [[Aghori]]
* ''[[Global Baba]]'', a 2016 movie
* [[Superstition in India]]
* [[Theios aner]]

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite book |last=Brent |first=Peter Ludwig |title=Godmen of India |publisher=Allen Lane |location=London |year=1972 |isbn=9780140034608 |oclc=899490216 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/godmenofindia0000bren }}
*{{cite book |last=Kovoor |first=Abraham T. |author-link=A. T. Kovoor |title=Begone Godmen |year=2014 |orig-date=1976 |isbn=9788172243319 |oclc=899490216 |location=Mumbai |publisher=Jaico Publishing House}}
*{{cite book |last=Singh |first=Khushwant |author-link=Khushwant Singh |title=Gurus, godmen, and good people |publisher=Orient Longman |location=Bombay |year=1975 |isbn=9780318366722 |oclc=2119212 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Godman (Hindu Ascetic)}}
[[Category:Hindu miracles]]
[[Category:Miracle workers]]
[[Category:Spiritual teachers| ]]
[[Category:Gurus]]

Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir

2026-05-03T14:28:26Z

LavernRuss601: Redirect article

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Mithila}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple|name=Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir|native_name=नर्मदेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर|native_name_lang=mai|image=Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir.jpg|caption=Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir in Madhwapur town|religious_affiliation=[[Hinduism]]|deity=[[Lord Shiva]]|festivals=Sawan Sombari, Mahashivratri|location=[[Madhwapur]] town|district=[[Madhubani district]]|state=[[Bihar]]|country=[[India]]|footnotes=Also known as Narvadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir}}
'''Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir''' ([[Maithili language|Maithili]]: नर्मदेश्वर नाथ महादेव मंदिर) is a Hindu temple dedicated to [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] in the [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]]. It is located in the [[Madhwapur]] town of the [[Madhubani district]] in [[Bihar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=मधवापुर में सूख रहे चापाकल, पानी के लिए मारामारी - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-mud-dried-in-madhwapur-fight-for-water-19301460.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> It is a popular destination for the sacred [[Jalabhisheka]] ritual in [[Hinduism]] on [[Lingam|Shivalinga]] during the ''Sawan Sombari'' festival. The other major festival of the temple is [[Maha Shivaratri|Mahashivratri]]. The temple is also called as ''Narvadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir''.<ref>{{Cite news |title=महाशिवरात्रि आज:मुख्यालय सहित प्रखंड क्षेत्र में शिवालय सज-धज कर तैयार, आज होगा जलाभिषेक |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/muzaffarpur/madhawapur/news/with-mahashivratri-the-pagoda-in-the-block-area-including-the-headquarters-is-ready-ready-today-will-be-jalabhishek-128310008.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=शिवालयों में उमड़ी शिवभक्तों की भीड़ - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-11492951.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

[[File:Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir, Madhwapur - Matihani.jpg|alt= |thumb|View of the campus of Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir]]

== Description ==
The Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir is located on the bank of the sacred [[Dhouns River]] near the [[Bharat-Nepal Maitri Chhath Ghat|Bharat - Nepal Maitri Chhath Ghat]]. During the festival of Sawan Sombari, thousands of devotees carry the holy water from the sacred ''Uttarvahini'' flow of the Dhouns river located in Matihani of the neighboring country [[Nepal]] and perform the sacred [[Jalabhisheka]] ritual on the Shivalinga of the temple. They chant the holy slogans like "Bol Bam" and "Har Har Mahadev" during the journey between the sacred river and the temple.<ref>{{Cite web |title=बोल बम के जयकारे के बीच हुआ जलाभिषेक - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/madhubani-12782767.html |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>
[[File:Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir, Madhwapur.jpg|thumb|View of the Narmadeshwar Nath Mahadev Mandir from other side ]]During the [[British Raj|British rule]] in India, the temple served as a refuge centre for the freedom fighters of the region.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-01-08 |title=क्षेत्र में पर्यटन के विकास को मिलेगा बढ़ावा: पर्यटन मंत्री |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/bihar/madhubani/promotion-of-tourism-development-in-the-region-minister |access-date=2026-01-09 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{coord missing|Bihar}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Madhubani district]]

Maldaha Assembly constituency

2026-05-03T07:25:15Z

LavernRuss601: data...

{{Short description|Vidhan Sabha Constituency in West Bengal, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Maldaha
| type = SLA
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Maldah.map}}
| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Maldaha Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| constituency_no = 50
| established = 1951
| reservation = SC
| abolished =
| mla = [[Gopal Chandra Saha]]
| party = {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| electors = 245,962
}}

'''Maldaha Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Maldah district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]]. It is reserved for [[Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes|scheduled castes]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the [[Delimitation Commission of India|Delimitation Commission]], No. 50 Maldaha Assembly constituency (SC) covers [[Old Malda Municipality, Malda|Old Malda Municipality]], [[Old Malda (community development block)|Old Malda]], [[Narhatta gram panchayat]] of [[English Bazar (community development block)|English Bazar]] community development block, and Aiho, Rishipur and Sreerampur gram panchayats of [[Habibpur (community development block)|Habibpur]] community development block.<ref name =delimitation>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/WestBengal/FINAL%20ORDER%20NOTIFICATION_English.pdf | title = Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 | access-date = 12 July 2014 | work = West Bengal| publisher = Election Commission of India}}</ref>

Maldah Assembly constituency is part of No. 7 [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/> It was earlier part of [[Malda (Lok Sabha constituency)]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1951 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Nikunja Behari Gupta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|Raipada Das
|{{Full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Nikunja Behari Gupta
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|Matia Murmu
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Dharanidhar Sarkar
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Md Sayeed Mia
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=5}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|rowspan="3"|Mahammad Gafurur Rahman
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
|1972^
|Siddhartha Shankar Ray
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Subhendu Chowdhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|Phani Bhusan Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|rowspan="2"|Subhendu Chowdhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|Phani Bhusan Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|rowspan="2"|Subhendu Chowdhury
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|rowspan="2"|Bhupendra Nath Halder
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|Gopal Chandra Saha
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

* ^ by-election

==Election results==

===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Maldaha}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Gopal Chandra Saha]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Lipika Barman Ghosh|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dipak Barman|party=Communist Party of India|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bhupendra Nath|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Haridas Karmakar|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Kalyan Rajbanshi|party=Janata Unnayan Party|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Basudeb Sarkar|party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
In the 2021 election, Gopal Chandra Saha of BJP defeated his nearest rival, Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury of Trinamool Congress.
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maldaha]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Gopal Chandra Saha]]
|votes = 93,398
|percentage = 45.23
|change = +29.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Ujjwal Kumar Chowdhury
|votes = 77,942
|percentage = 37.75
|change = +7.65
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Halder
|votes = 26,563
|percentage = 12.86
|change = -35.50
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,818
|percentage = 1.36
|change = +0.15
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent (politician)|IND]]
|candidate = Sujit Kumar Moulik
|votes = 2,128
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 15,456
|percentage = 7.58
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 2,06,711
|percentage = 84.04
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
In the 2016 election, Bhupendra Nath Halder of Congress defeated his nearest rival, Dulal Sarkar of Trinamool Congress.

{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maldaha]]}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Halder
|votes = 88,243
|percentage = 48.36
|change = +1.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Dulal Sarkar (Babla)
|votes = 54,934
|percentage = 30.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Gopal Chandra Saha
|votes = 29,111
|percentage = 15.95
|change = +6.95
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Jharkhand Disom Party
|candidate = Swapan Sarkar
|votes = 2,703
|percentage = 1.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 2,204
|percentage = 1.21
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 33,309
|percentage = 18.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,82,564
|percentage = 86.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
In the 2011 election, Bhupendra Nath Halder of Congress defeated his nearest rival, Rahul Ranjan Das of CPI(M).

{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Maldaha]]<ref name=vidhansabha2011>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2011/stat_WB_May2011.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 2011, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=50 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602211504/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=50 | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 2 June 2013 |title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Maldaha | publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 8 April 2011}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bhupendra Nath Halder
|votes = 68,155
|percentage = 46.55
|change = +3.43#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Rahul Ranjan Das
|votes = 57,400
|percentage = 39.21
|change = -1.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kusum Roy
|votes = 13,180
|percentage = 9.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Niren Rajbanshi
|votes = 3,066
|percentage = 2.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = [[Independent politician|IND]]
|candidate = Debashis Sarkar
|votes = 2,352
|percentage = 1.60
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 10,755
|percentage = 7.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 1,46,469
|percentage = 86.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +5.37#
}}

{{Election box end}}

.# Swing based on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages taken together in 2006.

===1977–2006===
In [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]]<ref name=vidhansabha2006>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2006/StatReport_WB_2006.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2006, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 2001<ref name=vidhansabha2001>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/StatRept_WB_2001.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 2001, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> state assembly elections, Subhendu Chowdhury of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]] won the Maldaha (SC) assembly seat defeating his nearest rivals Bhupendra Nath Halder of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] and Phani Bhusan Roy of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]] respectively. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. Phani Bhusan Roy of Congress defeated Subhendu Chowdhury of CPI(M) in 1996.<ref name=vidhansabha1996>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-WB96.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1996, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Subhendu Chowdhury of CPI(M) defeated Phani Bhusan Roy of Congress in 1991<ref name=vidhansabha1991>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-West%20Bengal91.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1991, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1987.<ref name=vidhansabha1987>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1987/StatisticalReportWestBengal87.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1987, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Phani Bhusan Roy of Congress defeated Subhendu Chowdhury of CPI(M) in 1982.<ref name=vidhansabha1982>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1982/StatisticalReportWestBengal82.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1982, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Subhendu Chowdhury of CPI(M) defeated Phani Bhusan Roy of Congress in 1977.<ref name=vidhansabha1977>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/StatisticalReportWestBengal77.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1977, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp45.htm | title = 45 - Malda (SC) Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977 | publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 26 September 2010}}</ref>

===1951–1972===
Mahammad Gafurur Rahaman of Congress won in 1972,<ref name=vidhansabha1972>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_WB_72.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1972, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> 1971<ref name=vidhansabha1971>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1971/StatReport_WB_71.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1971, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> and 1969.<ref name=vidhansabha1969>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/StatReport_WB_69.pdf|title = General Elections, India, 1969, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission |access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> S.Mia of Congress won in 1967.<ref name=vidhansabha1967>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20report%20WB1967.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1967, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Dharanidhar Sarkar of [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]].<ref name=vidhansabha1962>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_WB_1962.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1962, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Malda was a joint seat in 1957 and 1951. Nikunja Behari Gupta and Matla Murmu, both of Congress, won in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]].<ref name=vidhansabha1957>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_WB_1957.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1957, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref> Nikunja Behari Gupta of Congress and Raipada Das, Independent, won in [[1952 West Bengal state assembly election|independent India's first election in 1951]].<ref name=vidhansabha1952>{{cite web| url = http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_WestBengal.pdf |title = General Elections, India, 1951, to the Legislative Assembly of West Bengal | work= Constituency-wise Data|publisher= Election Commission | access-date = 9 July 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malda topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

{{West Bengal elections}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Malda district]]
[[Category:Maldah]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in West Bengal]]

Lok Niwas, Leh

2026-04-30T16:10:42Z

LavernRuss601:

{{short description | Official Residence of the Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Infobox building
|name = Raj Niwas, Leh <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ladakh.nic.in/whoswho/radha-krishna-mathur/|title=Radha Krishna Mathur | the Administration of Union Territory of Ladakh | India}}</ref>
|image =
|caption =
|coordinates =
|construction_start_date =
|completion_date =
|number_of_rooms =
|elevator_count =
|cost =
|floor_area =
|architect =
|engineer =
|main_contractor =
|developer =
|owner = [[Administration of Ladakh]]
|current_tenants = Vinai Kumar Saxena
|references =
}}

''' Lok Niwas''' formerly '''Raj Niwas''' is the planned official residence and work place for the [[Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh]] Kavinder Gupta in [[Leh]], the capital of union territory of [[Ladakh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/land-identified-for-building-lt-governor-office-raj-niwas-in-leh-hill-council-chief/1689908/|title=Land identified for building Lt Governor Office, Raj Niwas in Leh: Hill Council chief|date=29 August 2019 |publisher=Financial Express|access-date=31 October 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of official residences of India]]
*[[Raj Niwas]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Raj Niwas}}
{{coord missing|India}}

[[Category:Governors' houses in India]]
[[Category:Government of Ladakh]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Ladakh]]
[[Category:Leh]]

{{India-gov-stub}}

Badvel Assembly constituency

2026-04-24T05:38:09Z

LavernRuss601: created new article added tags.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Badvel
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (124-Badvel highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Badvel Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency|Kadapa]]
| reservation = SC
| constituency_no = 124
| established = 1951
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Dasari Sudha]]
| party = {{Party index link|YSR Congress Party}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 204,618
}}
'''Badvel''' is a [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Caste]] reserved constituency in [[Kadapa district|YSR Kadapa district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref name=loksabha>{{Cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=31, TABLE B – Parliamentary Constituencies}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Kadapa Lok Sabha constituency]].

[[Dasari Sudha]] is the current [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the 2021 by-election from [[YSR Congress Party]] after the death of the incumbent MLA [[Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah]] from YSR Congress Party, having won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=28 March 2021|title=Badvel MLA Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah passes away|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/badvel-mla-gunthoti-venkata-subbaiah-passes-away/article34182323.ece|access-date=31 July 2021|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> As of 25 March 2019, there are a total of 204,618 electors in the constituency. The constituency was established in 1951, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (1951)''.

== Mandals ==
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| [[Kalasapadu]]
|-
| [[B.Kodur]]
|-
| Sri Avadhutha Kasinaya
|-
| [[Porumamilla]]
|-
| [[Badvel]]
|-
| [[Gopavaram]]
|-
| [[Atlur]]
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political party
|-
| [[1952 Madras State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Vaddemanu Chidanandam
| {{Full party name with color|Independent (politician)}}
|-
| [[1955 Andhra State Legislative Assembly election|1955]]
| Bandaru Ratnasabhapathy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1962 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
| Vaddemanu Chidanandam
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party}}
|-
| [[1967 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan=2 |[[B. Veera Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|-
| [[1978 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Vaddemanu Sivaramakrishna Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| rowspan=2 | B. Veera Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1989 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| Vaddemanu Sivaramakrishna Rao
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1994 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1994]]
| rowspan=2 |B. Veera Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1999 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
|-
| 2001 by-election
| [[Konireddy Vijayamma]]
|-
| [[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| Devasani Chinna Govinda Reddy
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| P. M. Kamalamma
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| Thiriveedi Jayaramulu
| {{Full party name with color|YSR Congress Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah]]
|-
| [[List of by-elections to the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|2021]]*
| rowspan = 2| [[Dasari Sudha]]
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>by-election

== Election results ==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Dasari Sudha]]
|votes = 90,410
|percentage = 51.69
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bojja Roshanna]]
|votes = 71,843
|percentage = 41.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Neerugattu Dora Vijaya Jyothi
|votes = 7,366
|percentage = 4.21
|change =
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = None Of The Above
|votes = 3,076
|percentage = 1.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 18,567
|percentage = 10.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,74,880
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2021 by-election ===
The death of sitting MLA [[Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah]] necessitated the by-election for Badvel Assembly constituency.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-28 |title=Badvel MLA Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/badvel-mla-gunthoti-venkata-subbaiah-passes-away/article34182323.ece |access-date=2022-05-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The [[Election Commission of India]] announced that an election would take place on 28 September 2021.

Sitting party [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] decided to field Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah's wife, Dr. [[Dasari Sudha]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-29 |title=YSRC's strategy to field deceased MLA's widow gives them edge in Badvel bypoll |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/ysrcs-strategy-to-field-deceased-mla-s-widow-gives-them-edge-in-badvel-bypoll-101635506890492.html |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Results were declared on November 2. Dr. [[Dasari Sudha]] of YSRCP won the election with a majority of 90,089 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 2021 |first=Sandeep |last=Raghavan |title=Badvel Assembly Bypoll Results: YSRC candidate Dasari Sudha leads in Badvel assembly bypolls |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/badvel-assembly-bypolls-ysrc-candidate-dasari-sudha-leads/articleshow/87478987.cms |access-date=2022-05-31 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
{{Election box begin | title=2021 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly by-election: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Dasari Sudha]]
|votes = 1,12,211
|percentage = 76.25
|change = +15.33
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Panathala Suresh
|votes = 21,678
|percentage = 14.73
|change = +14.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = P M Kamalamma
|votes = 6,235
|percentage = 4.24
|change = +2.50
}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 3,650
|percentage = 2.48
|change = +1.20
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 90,533
|percentage = 61.43
|change = +31.74
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,46,983
|percentage = 67.12
|change = -10.52
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = [[Gunthoti Venkata Subbaiah]]
|votes = 95,482
|percentage = 60.89
|change = +10.23
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Obulapuram Rajasekhar
|votes = 50,748
|percentage = 32.36
|change =-11.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Neerugattu Dora Vijaya Jyothi
|votes = 2,883
|percentage = 1.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 2,004
|percentage = 1.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 44,734
|percentage = 29.69
|change = +23.57
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,50,621
|percentage = 77.64
|change = +4.77
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}

{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Thiriveedi Jayaramulu
|votes = 78,879
|percentage = 50.66
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = N. D. Vijaya Jyothi
|votes = 68,800
|percentage = 44.18
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Seeli Venkata Subbaiah
|votes = 2,185
|percentage = 1.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = J Kamal Prabhash
|votes = 1,524
|percentage = 0.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 550
|percentage = 0.35
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 9,502
|percentage = 6.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 155,132
|percentage = 72.87
|change = -0.20
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = YSR Congress Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[P. M. Kamalamma]]
|votes = 78,486
|percentage = 58.08
|change = +6.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Telugu Desam Party|candidate=Chennaiah Lakkineni|votes=41,892|percentage=31.00|change=-15.72}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Praja Rajyam Party|candidate=Singamala Venkateswarlu|votes=9,574|percentage=7.08|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Singamala Venkateswarlu|votes=1,415|percentage=1.05|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=36,594|percentage=27.08|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=135,134|percentage=73.07|change=+0.88}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2004 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Chinna Govinda Reddy Devasani
|votes = 57023
|percentage = 51.49
|change = +8.48
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Konireddy Vijayamma]]
|votes = 51742
|percentage = 46.72
|change = -6.72
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,281
|percentage = 4.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 153,429
|percentage = 72.19
|change = +0.28
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1952 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Badvel<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf | title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 : To the Legislative Assembly of Madras | publisher=Election Commission of India | access-date=2014-10-14 |archive-date=27 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201450/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/STATISTICALREPORTS_51_MADRAS.pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Vedamani Chidanandam |party=Independent politician |votes=23,434 |percentage=55.84% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bommu Ramareddi |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,686 |percentage=39.76% |change=39.76% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Avadanam Venkata Subbaiah |party=Independent politician |votes=1,847 |percentage=4.40% |change= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{coord|14.74|79.05|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Kadapa district]]
[[Category:Politics of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Madras State]]

Yangthang Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:45Z

LavernRuss601: adding a stub from scratch...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Sikkim legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Yangthang
| constituency_no =2
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|mla = [[Bhim Hang Limboo]]
|party = {{Party index link|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
|latest_election_year = [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|state = [[Sikkim]]
|district = [[Gyalshing district|Gyalshing]]
|loksabha_cons = [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim]]
|established = 2008
|electors = 12,952<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219115258/https://ceosikkim.nic.in/UploadedFiles/VoterTurnout/Voters%20Turnout%20Vidhan%20Sabha%20Elections%20Sikkim%202019.pdf|archive-date=19 February 2024 |title=Vidhan Sabha Elections Sikkim 2019 - Voters Turnout Statistical Data|website=ceosikkim.nic.in |publisher= CEO of Sikkim |access-date= 1 January 2021}}</ref> {{update after|2024|05}}
|reservation = None
}}
'''Yangthang Assembly constituency''' is one of the 32 assembly constituencies of [[Sikkim]] a north east state of [[India]]. Yangthang is part of [[Sikkim (Lok Sabha constituency)|Sikkim Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>[http://www.elections.in/sikkim/assembly-constituencies/yangthang.html Sitting and previous MLAs from Yangthang Assembly constituency]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S02/Old/partycomp24.htm Election Commission of India]</ref><ref>[http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/Assembly_block.htm Assembly constituencies Revenue Blocks]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || Prem Lall Subba || {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Democratic Front|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || Chandra Maya Limboo (Subba)
|-
| [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| rowspan= 2 |[[Bhim Hang Limboo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Sikkim Krantikari Morcha|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2024 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yangthang}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Hang Limboo]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=6,621 |percentage=54.61% |change={{increase}}6.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kesham Limboo |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=4,065 |percentage=33.53% |change={{decrease}}14.50 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Phip Dhoj Limboo |party=Citizen Action Party – Sikkim |votes=551 |percentage=4.54% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pravin Sharma |party=Independent politician |votes=536 |percentage=4.42% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sancha Man Limboo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=185 |percentage=1.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=85 |percentage=0.70% |change={{increase}}0.01 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Subba (Limboo) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=81 |percentage=0.67% |change={{decrease}}0.20 }}

{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,556 |percentage=21.08% |change= {{increase}}20.64 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=12,124 |percentage=85.86% |change= {{increase}}3.28 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,121 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.03 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |swing= {{increase}}6.14 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yangthang<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-05-24|title=Sikkim Assembly election results 2019: Full list of winners|url=https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|access-date=2020-08-15|website=Zee News|language=en|archive-date=6 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106160313/https://zeenews.india.com/assembly-elections/sikkim-assembly-election-results-2019-full-list-of-winners-2205926.html|url-status=live}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Bhim Hang Limboo]] |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=5,184 |percentage=48.47% |change={{increase}}10.08 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dal Bdr. Subba |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,137 |percentage=48.03% |change={{decrease}}7.97 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhan Singh Limboo |party=Hamro Sikkim Party |votes=115 |percentage=1.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Binay Limboo (Tsong) |party=Sikkim Republican Party |votes=93 |percentage=0.87% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mangal Subba (Limboo) |party=Indian National Congress |votes=93 |percentage=0.87% |change={{decrease}}1.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=74 |percentage=0.69% |change={{decrease}}1.02 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=47 |percentage=0.44% |change= {{decrease}}17.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,696 |percentage=82.58% |change= {{decrease}}1.89 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 12,952 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.59 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}7.54 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yangthang}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Chandra Maya Limboo (Subba) |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,211 |percentage=56.00% |change={{decrease}}17.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Kharka Bdr. Subba |party=Sikkim Krantikari Morcha |votes=3,572 |percentage=38.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lall Man Subba |party=Indian National Congress |votes=223 |percentage=2.40% |change={{decrease}}17.20 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=159 |percentage=1.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ashis Gurung |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=140 |percentage=1.50% |change={{decrease}}1.26 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,639 |percentage=17.61% |change= {{decrease}}35.98 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=9,305 |percentage=84.48% |change= {{decrease}}1.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,015 |ref = |change= {{increase}}20.13 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser=Sikkim Democratic Front |swing= {{decrease}}17.18 }}
{{Election box end}}

===Assembly election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2009 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election]]: Yangthang<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Sikkim |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404202702/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2009/Stats_SK_April2009.pdf|archive-date=4 April 2014|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Lall Subba |party=Sikkim Democratic Front |votes=5,770 |percentage=73.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Depan Hang Limbu |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,545 |percentage=19.60% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Padam Bahadur Chettri |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=218 |percentage=2.77% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Akar Dhoj Limbu |party=Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad |votes=148 |percentage=1.88% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Karna Bahadur Gurung |party=Sikkim Jan-Ekta Party |votes=143 |percentage=1.81% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ganesh Bhattarai |party=Sikkim Gorkha Party |votes=60 |percentage=0.76% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,225 |percentage=53.59% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,884 |percentage=85.99% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 9,169 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Sikkim Democratic Front |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Gyalshing district]]
* [[List of constituencies of Sikkim Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Sikkim}}

{{coord|27.284|88.239|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Sikkim]]
[[Category:Gyalshing district]]
[[Category:Politics of Sikkim]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Sikkim]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:37:19Z

LavernRuss601: adding first stub w/ sources...

{{short description|Constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Visakhapatnam North
| map_image = Legislative Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh (23-Visakhapatnam North highlighted).png
| map_caption = Location of Visakhapatnam North Assembly constituency within Andhra Pradesh
| state = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| district = [[Visakhapatnam district|Visakhapatnam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Visakhapatnam]]
| reservation = None
| established = 2008
| type = SLA
| constituency_no = 23
| mla = [[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
| party= {{Party index link|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 280,151
}}
'''Visakhapatnam North''' is a constituency in [[Visakhapatnam district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] that elects representatives to the [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> It is one of the seven assembly segments of [[Visakhapatnam Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref name="constituencies">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|date=17 December 2018|website=The Election Commission of India|pages=17, 30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003220916/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

[[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]] is the current [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] of the constituency, having won the [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. As of 2019, there are a total of 280,151 electors in the constituency.<ref name="electors">{{cite web|url=http://ceoandhra.nic.in/ceoap_new/ceo/documents/Electors_Summary%20_25.03.2019.pdf|title=Electors Summary|date=25 May 2019|website=Chief Electoral Officer, Andhra Pradesh|access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>{{update after|2024|7}} The constituency was established in 2008, as per the ''Delimitation Orders (2008)''.

== Mandal ==
The mandal and wards that forms the assembly constituency are:<ref name="constituencies" />
{{srn}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-hash"
!Mandal
|-
| Visakhapatnam (Urban) Mandal (Part) Visakhapatnam (M.Corp) Ward No. 36 to 41, 44 to 45 and 49 to 52
|}

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2" | Political Party
|-
|colspan="4"|{{center|''Until 2008: Constituency did not exist''}}
|-
| [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2009]]
| Thynala Vijaya Kumar
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2014]]
| [[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
| [[Ganta Srinivasa Rao]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| [[Penmetsa Vishnu Kumar Raju]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = --
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors =
| change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = ''New''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Decrease}}
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors =
| change = {{Increase}}
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]:
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party =
|candidate =
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Remaining
|candidate = "" Candidates
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NOTA
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box registered electors
| reg. electors =
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner =
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
=== 2009 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Visakhapatnam North}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Vijaya Kumar Thynala
|votes = 49,344
|percentage = 34.59
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Dr. Shirin Rahman Shaik
|votes = 43,821
|percentage = 30.72
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Bharanikana Jaya
|votes = 26,990
|percentage = 18.92
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,523
|percentage = 3.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 142,643
|percentage = 67.81
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|17.72|83.25|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh}}
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Visakhapatnam district]]
[[Category:Politics of Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Pathan (1962 film)

2026-04-19T04:13:24Z

LavernRuss601: started first entry w/ infobox...

{{Short description|1962 Indian film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{About|the 1962 film|the 2023 film|Pathaan (film)}}
{{infobox film
| name = Pathan
| image =
| caption =
| director = Ataullah Khan
| writer =
| producer = Ataullah Khan
| starring = [[Prem Nath]] [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]]
| music = Fakir Mohammed Jimmy
| released = {{Film date|1962}}
| country = India
| language = [[Urdu]]
}}
'''''Pathan''''' is a 1962 Indian [[Urdu]]-language<ref name="censor" /> film, directed and produced by Ataullah Khan, under the production house Madhubala Private Ltd. It stars [[Prem Nath]] in the titular role, along with [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]] and [[Iftekhar]].

''Pathan'' was the third and final production of Madhubala Private Ltd.; the other two being ''[[Naata (film)|Naata]]'' (1955) and ''[[Mehlon Ke Khwab]]'' (1960).

== Cast ==
The actors in the film include:<ref name="rangoonwalla">{{Cite book |last=Rangoonwalla |first=Firoze |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=26dZAAAAMAAJ |title=Indian Filmography: Silent & Hindi Films, 1897–1969 |last2=Das |first2=Vishwanath |date=1970 |publisher=J. Udeshi |language=en|pages=397}}</ref>
* [[Prem Nath]]
* [[Mumtaz (Indian actress)|Mumtaz]]
* [[Iftekhar]]
* Niranjan Sharma
* Siddhu

== Production ==
According to film historian Isaq Mujawar, Ataullah Khan began working on ''Pathan'' in 1939, a couple years before his daughter, [[Madhubala]], ventured into the film industry.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Parthiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=A_KIEAAAQBAJ |title=Kishore Kumar: The Ultimate Biography |last2=Bhattacharjee |first2=Anirudha |date=27 October 2022 |page=463 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5629-172-0 |language=en}} "Isaq Mujawar, ''Maut ke saaye me zindagi ka sapna'', ''Madhuri'' dated 9
October 1987. The author mentions that Ataullah started working on
''Pathan'' as early as 1939 when Madhubala was six years old. She used
to sit on a chair and complain of back pain and had often needed to be
rushed to bed."</ref>

''Pathan'' was the third (and final) completed production of Madhubala Private Ltd.; the other two being ''[[Naata (film)|Naata]]'' (1955) and ''[[Mehlon Ke Khwab]]'' (1960).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deep |first=Mohan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DCVlAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mystery and Mystique of Madhubala |date=1996 |publisher=Magna Books |pages=94 |language=en}} "Khan was keen on directing films. ''Naata'' and ''Mehlon Ke Khwab'' were only the beginning. Now, he wanted to make ''Pathan''. Madhubala suggested Premnath. She would play the beloved of this Pathan. And Attaullah Khan agreed."</ref> It was formally announced in September 1960, with Madhubala and Prem Nath in lead roles.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 September 1960 |title=Film World |url=https://archive.org/details/karnataka-state-archives-RGVlcGFrMjA0NDYz-RGVlcGFrMQ/page/n184/mode/1up? |access-date=13 April 2026 |work=The Samachar |pages=2}}</ref> She shot for only a few days, before she became sick and was replaced by Mumtaz.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhar |first=Parthiv |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=A_KIEAAAQBAJ |title=Kishore Kumar: The Ultimate Biography |last2=Bhattacharjee |first2=Anirudha |date=27 October 2022 |page=267–268 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-93-5629-172-0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=Ganga Prasada |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=yIVGnaM7z38C&pg=PA151 |title=Hindī sinemā kā suhānā saphara |date=2005 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-288-0717-6 |language=hi|pages=151}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Fakir Mohammed and Jimmy.<ref name="rangoonwalla" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pathan (by Fakir Mohammed, Jimmy) |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/pathan/GQZbMpK,MSo_ |access-date=14 April 2026 |website=[[Jio Saavn]]}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 19:18
| title1 = Bombay Central Par Gori
| extra1 = [[Mahendra Kapoor]], [[Asha Bhosle]]
| length1 = 3:21
| title2 = Jaisi Karni Hai
| extra2 = [[S. D. Batish]], [[Manna Dey]]
| length2 = 3:24
| title3 = Soja Salone Soja
| extra3 = [[Lata Mangeshkar]]
| length3 = 3:10
| title4 = Aaja Ke Bulate Hai
| extra4 = [[Talat Mahmood]]
| length4 = 3:03
| title5 = Chand Mera Badalon Men
| extra5 = Talat Mahmood
| length5 = 3:05
| title6 = Chunri Hawa Mein Udo
| extra6 = Asha Bhosle
| length6 = 3:15
}}

== Release ==
''Pathan'' was granted a [[U certificate (India)|'U' certificate]] by the [[Central Board of Film Censors (India)|Central Board of Film Censors]] on 2 November 1962, after approximately 9.33 metres of footage were deleted across several reels, including scenes related to [[kidnapping]] and dialogue concerning pregnancy.<ref name="censor">{{Cite book |last=India |first=Government of |url=http://archive.org/details/in.gazette.central.w.1963-06-01.83840 |title=Union Government, Weekly, 1963–06–01, Part III-Section 4, Ref. Staff/6 |date=1 June 1963 |pages=19 |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
According to Madhubala's biographer [[Mohan Deep]], ''Pathan'' was not a financial success.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Deep |first=Mohan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=DCVlAAAAMAAJ |title=The Mystery and Mystique of Madhubala |date=1996 |publisher=Magna Books |pages=15 |language=en}} "Khan was hard-pressed to make two ends meet. Producing ''Naata'', ''Mehlon Ke Khwab'', ''Pathan'' only ruined him."</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|0176010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pathan}}
[[Category:1962 Indian films]]
[[Category:1960s Urdu-language films]]
[[Category:Urdu-language Indian films]]

Tezpur Central Jail

2026-04-16T09:21:59Z

LavernRuss601: adding initial pg more to come...

{{Short description|Prison in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox prison
|name=Tezpur Central Jail
|pushpin_map=India Assam#India
|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Assam
|location=[[Guwahati]], [[Assam]]
|coordinates={{coord|26.6216|N|92.8019|E|region:IN_type:city_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=inline,title}}
|status=Operating
|classification=[[Prison#Security levels|Maximum]]
|capacity=1000
|population=1284
|populationdate=15 May 2018
|opened=1881<ref name="guwahati-plus-2016">{{Cite web | title=The captive humans: Life in Central Jail, Guwahati|url=https://www.guwahatiplus.com/daily-news/the-captive-humans-life-in-central-jail-guwahati|date=1 August 2016|publisher=Guwahati Plus|access-date=1 August 2020}}</ref>
|managed_by=Assam Prisons
|website={{URL|https://prisons.assam.gov.in/}}}}
'''Tezpur Central Jail''' is a prison located in the [[Sonitpur district]] of [[Assam]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tezpur Central Jail · Mahabhairab, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Tezpur+Central+Jail/@26.6216048,92.7997595,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x3744e8495c707589:0xa674601dcae2e639!8m2!3d26.6216048!4d92.8019482|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Tezpur Central Jail · Mahabhairab, Tezpur, Assam 784001, India|language=en}}</ref> It is one of 31 prisons located in the state of Assam.

== History ==
The Tejpur Jail was set up in 1846. It has been declared a Central Jail now. The total area of the jail premises is a little over 30 acres. The jail enclosure itself is situated on about 9 acres of land. All the buildings do not really date back to 1846 but they are all very old.{{fact|date=December 2022}}

== Major cases ==
At least 28 inmates of the Tezpur Central Jail in Assam have tested positive for the dreaded [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|COVID-19 virus]] on Wednesday, 29 July 2021. According to reports, as many as 40 prison inmates were tested using the rapid antigen method, out of which 28 inmates tested positive for the dreaded contagion. With this, the number of Tezpur Jail inmates. With this, the number of Tezpur Jail inmates who have tested positive for the dreaded contagion has risen to 56 inmates.{{fact|date=December 2022}}

A prisoner of Tezpur Central Jail Lalit Nayak, serving life term since 2005 has allegedly committed suicide by jumping into a well in the jail premises.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desk|first=India TV News|date=2013-09-16|title=Assam: Prisoner commits suicide in jail|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/assam-prisoner-commits-suicide-in-jail-27931.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Notable prisoners ==

Mrinmoy Dawka, the superintendent of Tezpur Central jail in [[Sonitpur district|Sonitpur]] district, was arrested on Thursday following complaints of [[sexual assault]] by two women. There were two complaints against the accused. He had allegedly sexually assaulted the wife of an inmate on the promise of releasing her husband. The second case is of him outraging the modesty of the wife of a jail warden," said Mugdhajyoti Dev Mahanta, [[Superintendent of police (India)|superintendent of police]] (SP), Sonitpur.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-07-17|title=Assam: Two jail officials arrested in separate cases of sexual assault|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/assam-two-jail-officials-arrested-in-separate-cases-of-sexual-assault/story-MwUrLypSmHE77ucj81sU9K.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

Dhabua Rajowar was arrested in March 1997 for the murder of his own mother. Apparently, he was suffering from mental illness at the time of the murder. He was placed in judicial custody on 24/03/97 and never secured bail. On 4/03/2002 he was sentenced to life imprisonment. Altogether he has been in jail for 11 years and 8 months.<ref>{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=12 Dec 2016|title=Tezpur Jail official to set up clothes bank for inmates {{!}} Guwahati News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/tezpur-jail-official-to-set-up-clothes-bank-for-inmates/articleshow/55933107.cms|access-date=2021-05-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Prisons in Assam]]
[[Category:1881 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Guwahati]]
[[Category:Prisons completed in the 1880s]]

Bilaspur, Tripura Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:30:57Z

LavernRuss601: put up some entry w/ infobox

{{Short description|Constituency of the Tripura legislative assembly in India}}
{{About|the former constituency of the Tripura Assembly|constituencies in other states|Bilaspur Assembly constituency (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bilaspur
| type= SLA
| state = [[Tripura]]
| established = 1971
| abolished = 1976
| electors = 10,957
| mla = Subal Chandra Biswas
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation =
}}
'''Bilaspur Assembly constituency''' was an [[Tripura Legislative Assembly|assembly]] constituency in the [[States and territories of India|Indian state]] of [[Tripura]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Subal Chandra Biswas || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 1972 Assembly election ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Tripura Legislative Assembly election]]: [[Bilaspur, Tripura Assembly constituency|Bilaspur]]<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Tripura |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006023438/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_TP_72.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Subal Chandra Biswas |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,228 |percentage=56.82% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barindra Malaker |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=2,230 |percentage=29.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Baikuntha Malaker |party=Independent politician |votes=983 |percentage=13.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,998 |percentage=26.85% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,441 |percentage=70.01% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,957 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Tripura}}
{{coord|24.26|92.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tripura]]
[[Category:Politics of Tripura]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1971]]
[[Category:1971 establishments in Tripura]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1976]]
[[Category:1976 disestablishments in India]]

{{Tripura-geo-stub}}

Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:28:32Z

LavernRuss601: stub...

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{for|the constituency in Assam|Lakhimpur, Assam Assembly constituency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Lakhimpur
| constituency_no = 142
| map_image = 142-Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh.svg
| mla = [[Yogesh Verma]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| latest_election_year = 2017
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur]]
| reservation = None
| electors = 367,497 (2012)
| type= SLA
}}
'''Lakhimpur Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], [[India]]. It is a part of the [[Lakhimpur Kheri district|Lakhimpur]] district and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Kheri Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1952 after the "DPACO (1951)" (delimitation order) was passed in 1951.<ref name="DPACO (1951)">{{cite news|title=DPACO (1951)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/DPACO-51.pdf}}</ref> After the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order" was passed in 2008, the constituency was assigned identification number 142.<ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer, Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 17 Dec 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/lakhimpur.html}}</ref><ref name="Member list">{{cite news|title=Member list|publisher=[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630050217/http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/member-list.htm|archive-date=30 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Wards / Areas==
Extent of Lakhimpur Assembly constituency is KCs Kheri, Kheri Sri Nagar, Lakhimpur MB, Oel Dhakhawa NP & Kheri NP of Lakhimpur Tehsil.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{{main|Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! From
! [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly#List of Assemblies|Term]] !! Name !! Party !! Comments !! Ref
|-
| Mar-1952
| [[01st Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|01st Vidhan Sabha]] || Banshi Dhar Mishra || [[Indian National Congress]]|| <ref name="1951 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1951 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_UP.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Apr-1957
| [[02nd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|02nd Vidhan Sabha]] || colspan="2" rowspan="2" | - || rowspan="2" | Constituency not in existence || <ref name="1957 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1957 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_UP_1957.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-1962
| [[03rd Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|03rd Vidhan Sabha]] || <ref name="1962 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1962 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_UP_1962.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-1967
| [[04th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|04th Vidhan Sabha]] || C. R. Verma || [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] || - || <ref name="1967 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1967 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201967%20.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Feb-1969
| [[05th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|05th Vidhan Sabha]]|| rowspan="2" | Tej Narain Trivedi || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]|| - || <ref name="1969 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1969 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1969/Statistical%20Report%201969%20Uttar%20Pradesh.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-1974
| [[06th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|06th Vidhan Sabha]]|| - || <ref name="1974 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1974 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1974/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201974.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Jun-1977
| [[07th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|07th Vidhan Sabha]]|| Naresh Chandra || [[Janata Party]]|| - || <ref name="1977 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1977 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201977.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Jun-1980
| [[08th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|08th Vidhan Sabha]]|| [[Zafar Ali Naqvi]]|| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]|| - || <ref name="1980 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1980 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201980.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-1985
| [[09th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|09th Vidhan Sabha]]|| Kanti Singh Visen || rowspan="2" | [[Indian National Congress]]|| - || <ref name="1985 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1985 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Uttar%20Pradesh%201985.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Dec-1989
| [[10th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|10th Vidhan Sabha]]|| [[Zafar Ali Naqvi]]|| - || <ref name="1989 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1989 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1989/Statistical%20Report_%20UP_1989.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Jun-1991
| [[11th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|11th Vidhan Sabha]]|| rowspan="2" | Ram Gopal || rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|| - || <ref name="1991 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1991 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/Stat_Rep_UP_91.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Dec-1993
| [[12th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|12th Vidhan Sabha]]|| - || <ref name="1993 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1993 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatisticalReport_UP_1993.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Oct-1996
| [[13th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|13th Vidhan Sabha]]|| rowspan="3" | Kaushal Kishore || rowspan="5" | [[Samajwadi Party]]|| - || <ref name="1996 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 1996 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1996/StatisticalReport-UP96.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Feb-2002
| [[14th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|14th Vidhan Sabha]]|| - || <ref name="2002 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2002 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2002/Stat_rep_UP_2002.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| May-2007
| rowspan="2" | [[15th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|15th Vidhan Sabha]]|| - || <ref name="2007 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2007 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2007/StatReport_AS_2007_UTTAR_PRADESH.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Nov-2010
| rowspan="2" | [[Utkarsh Verma]]|| Elected during [[by-election]]|| <ref name="Member profile">{{cite news|title=Member profile|publisher=Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly website|access-date=2 Jun 2016|url=http://uplegisassembly.gov.in/ENGLISH/pdfs/members_profile/142.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-2012
| [[16th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|16th Vidhan Sabha]]|| - || <ref name="2012 Election Results">{{cite news|title= 2012 Election Results|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] website|access-date=17 Dec 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-2017
| [[17th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh|17th Vidhan Sabha]]|| [[Yogesh Verma]]|| [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|| - || <ref name="election2017">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/assembly-election-2017/uttar-pradesh/lakhimpur/|title=Lakhimpur – Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2017|publisher=india.com|access-date=October 9, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| Mar-2022
| [[18th Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh |18th Vidhan sabha ]]||[[Yogesh Verma ]]||[[Bhartiya Janata Party ]]||- || <ref name="election2022">{{cite web|url=http://www.india.com/assembly-election-2022/uttar-pradesh/lakhimpur/|title=Lakhimpur- Uttar Pradesh Assembly Election Results 2022|publisher=india.com|access-date=October 9, 2022}}</ref>
|}

==Election result==
{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections:Lakhimpur}}{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = [[Utkarsh Verma Madhur]]
| votes = 82,713
| percentage = 38.65
| change = -
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Gyan Prakash Bajpai
| votes = 44,720
| percentage = 20.9
| change = -
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Peace Party of India
| candidate = Yogesh Verma
| votes = 42,105
| percentage = 19.67
| change = -
}}{{Election box candidate with party link
| party =
| candidate = Remainder 8 candidates
| votes = 44,483
| percentage = 20.79
| change = -
}}{{Election box majority
| votes = 37,993
| percentage = 17.75
| change = -
}}{{Election box turnout
| votes = 214,021
| percentage = 58.24
| change = -
}}{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|swing =
}}{{Election box end}}<ref name=" 2012 Election Results "/>

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Lakhimpur<ref name="election2022"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Yogesh Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:127663}}
|percentage = 47.38
|change = -0.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Utkarsh Verma Madhur
|votes = {{formatnum:107085}}
|percentage = 39.74
|change = +6.52
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Mohan Bajpai
|votes = {{formatnum:24014}}
|percentage = 8.91
|change = -6.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dr. Ravishankar Trivedi
|votes = {{formatnum:2834}}
|percentage = 1.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2049}}
|percentage = 0.76
|change = -0.2
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:20578}}
|percentage = 7.64
|change = -7.13
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:269472}}
|percentage = 65.44
|change = +0.47
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin
|title = [[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]]: Lakhimpur<ref name="election2017"/>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Yogesh Verma
|votes = {{formatnum:122677}}
|percentage = 47.99
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Utkarsh Verma Madhur
|votes = {{formatnum:84929}}
|percentage = 33.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Shashidhar Mishra Naame Mahraj
|votes = {{formatnum:39068}}
|percentage = 15.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:2434}}
|percentage = 0.96
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:37748}}
|percentage = 14.77
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:255622}}
|percentage = 64.97
|change =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==

*[[Kheri Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[Lakhimpur Kheri district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Vidhan Bhawan]]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}

== References ==

{{Reflist|colwidth=40em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lakhimpur, Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:Politics of Lakhimpur Kheri district]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Lakhimpur district]]

Mumbai CSMT–Nagpur Duronto Express

2026-04-13T21:06:17Z

LavernRuss601:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}}
{{italic title}}

{{Short description|Train in India}}
{{Infobox rail service
| color = 80FF00
| name = Mumbai CSMT – Nagpur Junction ''Duronto Express''
| image = 12290 Nagpur Duronto Express 2.jpg
| caption =
| type = [[Duronto Express]]
| locale = [[Maharashtra]]
| first = 24 November 2009
| last =
| operator = [[Central Railways]]
| ridership =
| start = [[Nagpur railway station|Nagpur Junction]]
| stops = 5
| end = [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus]]
| distance = {{convert|835|km|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = 11 hours
| frequency = Daily Service
| class = AC 1st Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 Tier, Sleeper Class
| seating = No
| sleeping = Yes
| autorack =
| catering = No
| observation = LHB rake
| entertainment =
| baggage =
| other facilities =
| stock = LHB Coach
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm|lk=on}}
| el =
| trainnumber = 12289 / 12290
| speed = {{convert|74.40|km/h|abbr=on}} average with halts<ref>{{cite news |title= Duronto speeded up; days, timing changed|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-10/nagpur/28269015_1_715am-nagpur-mumbai-duronto-nagpur-and-mumbai |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103095434/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-11-10/nagpur/28269015_1_715am-nagpur-mumbai-duronto-nagpur-and-mumbai |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=10 November 2010 |access-date=28 September 2012 }}</ref>
| map = {{Mumbai CSMT-Nagpur Duronto Express Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
}}
The 12289 / 12290 '''Mumbai CSMT–Nagpur ''Duronto Express''''' is a [[Express trains in India|Superfast Express]] train which belongs to [[Central Railway zone]] that runs between [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Mumbai CSMT]] and [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Junction]] of [[Maharashtra]] in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 July 2009|title=Nagpur-Mumbai, back non-stop Duronto train to run three days|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nagpur-mumbai-back-non-stop-duronto-train-to-run-three-days/story-8lLxjYE0Fv4GtaWDMW8ZwL.html|access-date=4 January 2021}}</ref>

==Stoppages==
Being a Duronto Express, it does not stop at any other station in between. However it does stop at [[Bhusaval Junction railway station|Bhusawal Junction]] as a technical Halt. It also stops at [[Igatpuri railway station|Igatpuri]] and [[Kasara railway station|Kasara]] for removal and addition of banker engines. But from 1 January 2016 all/some technical halts are converted to commercial halt.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} Thus tickets are issued from Nagpur, Bhusaval, Igatpuri and Mumbai.

==Locomotive==

Previously, a [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-2|WCAM 2/2P]] or [[Indian locomotive class WCAM-3|WCAM 3]] used to haul the train from Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus to Igatpuri (technical halt) following which it got either a [[Indian locomotive class WAP-4|WAP 4]] of [[Electric Loco Shed, Bhusawal|Bhusawal Electric Loco Shed]] or [[Indian locomotive class WAP-7|WAP 7]] of [[Electric Loco Shed, Ajni|Ajni Electric Loco Shed]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

With Central Railway completing the change over of 1500 V DC traction to 25,000 V AC traction on 6 June 2015, this train is now hauled end to end by Ajni-based WAP 7.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Coach composition==

The coach composition of the Nagpur Duronto leaving NGP is as follows:-<ref>{{cite news |title= Finally, daily Duronto express to Mumbai by June-end |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/nagpur/31920616_1_clean-train-station-clean-train-station-nagpur-station |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103194607/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-31/nagpur/31920616_1_clean-train-station-clean-train-station-nagpur-station |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 December 2011 |access-date=29 September 2012 }}</ref>

WAP7-EOG-AB1-H1-A1-A2-B1-B2-B3-B4-S1-S2-S3-S4-S5-S6-S7-S8-EOG.

The train also runs with 24 coaches having extra 3-Tier coaches added on seasonal basis & as per demand.

From 23 February 2019, this train now runs with pure LHB coaches.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

== Coach positioning ==

Coach Positioning of this train at [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus|Mumbai CSMT Station]] is:

LOCO-EOG-S6-S5-S4-S3-S2-S1-B12-B11-B10-B9-B8-B7-B6-B5-B4-B3-B2-B1-A3-A2-A1-H1-EOG

Vice Versa Coach positioning at [[Nagpur Junction railway station|Nagpur Junction]]
==Other trains on the Nagpur-Mumbai Route==
[[Jnaneswari Express]], [[Samarsata Express]], [[Gitanjali Express]], [[Howrah–Mumbai Mail|Kolkata Mail]] via Nagpur, [[Vidarbha Express]], [[Sewagram Express]], [[Shalimar–Lokmanya Tilak Terminus Express|Shalimar Express]] and some other trains ply on this route with travel time varying from 16 hours to 13 hours. However the Nagpur Duronto is the fastest option for this route as it manages to connect the two cities in just 11 hrs.<ref>{{cite news |title= Nagpur-Mumbai Duronto to run daily before railway budget |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/Nagpur-Mumbai-Duronto-to-run-daily-before-railway-budget/articleshow/12103982.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320043116/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-02/nagpur/31116396_1_railway-budget-railway-zone-chandrapur-hansraj-ahir |url-status=live |archive-date=20 March 2012 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=13 December 2011 |access-date=29 September 2012 }}</ref>

[[File:12290 Nagpur Duronto Express 1.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:12290 Nagpur Duronto Express at Mumbai CST station.jpg|thumb|12290 Nagpur Duronto Express at Mumbai CST station]]
[[File:12290 Nagpur Duronto Express.jpg|thumb|12290 Nagpur Duronto Express]]

==See also==

* [[Duronto Express]]
* [[Vidarbha Express]]

==Sources==
*{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/mumbai-cstm-nagpur-duronto-express-12289-cstm-to-ngp/7799/1620/18|title=12289/Mumbai CSMT – Nagpur Duronto Express Duronto Mumbai CSMT/CSMT to Nagpur/NGP – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts|publisher=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=30 May 2014}}
*{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/7782/18/1620|title=Nagpur – Mumbai CSMT Duronto Express/12290 Duronto Time Table/Schedule Nagpur/NGP to Mumbai CSMT/CSMT – India Rail Info – A Busy Junction for Travellers & Rail Enthusiasts|publisher=indiarailinfo.com|access-date=30 May 2014}}
*{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/us|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130918043740/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-07/nagpur/32099965_1_duronto-express-nagpur-mumbai-duronto-gondwana-express(2289)|url-status=live|archive-date=18 September 2013|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=The Times of India: Latest News India, World & Business News, Cricket & Sports, Bollywood|access-date=30 May 2014}}
*[https://archive.today/20130918043707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-18/nagpur/32298305_1_nagpur-mumbai-duronto-express-passengers-frequency] (2289)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Central Railway}}
{{Duronto Express}}
{{Railways in Western India}}

[[Category:Transport in Mumbai]]
[[Category:Duronto Express trains]]
[[Category:Transport in Nagpur]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2010]]

Jagatpura Ahir

2026-04-10T15:11:35Z

LavernRuss601: made some details w/ infobox!

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jagatpura Ahir
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.23|N|79.376|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalaun district|Jalaun]]
| established_title = 
| established_date = 17th Century
| founder = Raja Jagat Singh
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = Gram Sabha
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 147
| population_total = 1850
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Jagatpura Ahir''' is a shudra village in [[Jalaun Tehsil]] of [[Jalaun District]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in [[India]].

== Demographics ==
{{As of|2011}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Jagatpura Ahir follows the same statistics as of Jalaun [Nearest Town having 2011 census statistics]. Jagatpura Ahir had a population of 1850. The Male population is 952 and female population is 898.

== Overview ==
It is around 19 km from Jalaun City and around 28 km from Auraiya district on the state highway '''21'''. The nearest bus stop is at '''Hadrukh''' and the village is situated at a distance of 3 km in east side from Hadrukh. It was founded in early 17th century by Raja Jagat Singh of dynasty '''Rinya'''. He was ruler of 18 village (Kuri) at that time.

Jagatpur Ahir is well known for its history in warfare during British times. In early 20th Century, during the [[Battle of Peking (1900)|Battle of Peking]], Subedar Major Thakur Adhar Sing Kushwah was the eminent member of ''' 7th D. C. Q Rajputs''' British Infantry.
Due to his courageous performance and contribution, Adhar Sing Kushwah was promoted as '''Honorary Captain''' and given the title of '''Sardar Bahadur''', one of the titles in from Order of British India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28767/pages/7431/page.pdf|title= Name of all Awardees, Memoranda |work=London Gazette |location=London |access-date=6 March 2013|date=24 October 1913}}</ref>
Jagatpura Ahir is also famous for an ancient temple called '''Barahi Devi''' and a 3 days fair has been organised every year during winter season. A '''Panch Mukhi''' Shiva idol has also been situated in the temple of "Matan".

In recent 2002–05, '''Thakur Awdhesh Pratap singh Kushwah''' was elected as the Gram Pradhan. During this time, several initiatives were taken for the development of Village. Some of them were installation of Water Tank, Check dam on Malanga River, reconstruction of the Village pond and connecting roads of the Village.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*http://www.veethi.com/places/jagatpura-uttar-pradesh-place-174329.htm
*http://www.london-gazette.co.uk/issues/28767/pages/7431/page.pdf

[[Category:Villages in Jalaun district]]

Subdivisions of Kerala

2026-04-10T13:22:21Z

LavernRuss601: adding first post w/ refs...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
Articles on the '''Corporations, Municipalities and Taluks of Kerala''' may be found at:

== Political divisions ==
* [[Municipal corporations in Kerala]]
* [[Municipalities of Kerala]]

==Administrative divisions==
* [[Taluks of Kerala]]
* [[Revenue divisions of Kerala]]
* [[List of districts in Kerala]]

{{Set index article}}

[[Category:Kerala geography-related lists]]

{{Kerala-stub}}

Mahadevi Varma

2026-03-27T14:35:56Z

LavernRuss601: enhanced references for consistency and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Indian writer and poet (1907–1987)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2016}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Mahadevi Varma
| honorific_suffix = [[Padma Bhushan|PB]] [[Padma Vibhushan|PV]]
| image = MahadeviVarmaPic.png
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1907|3|26}}
| birth_place = [[Farrukhabad]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], then part of [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1987|9|11|1907|3|26}}
| death_place = [[Allahabad]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| occupation = Poet, essayist, and sketch story writer
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]]
| movement = [[Chhayavaad]]
| notable_works = {{Hlist|''[[Yāmā (poetry collection)|Yāmā]]''|''[[Deepshikha]]''|''[[Links in the Chain|Shrinkhala ki kadiyan]]''|''[[Mera Parivar]]''}}
| spouse = Vikas Narayan Singh
| awards = {{smaller|1956{{nbsp|2}}}}[[Padma Bhushan]] {{smaller|1982{{nbsp|2}}}}[[Jnanpith Award]] {{smaller|1988{{nbsp|2}}}}[[Padma Vibhushan]]
| signature = Mahadevi Varma Sign.png
| signature_size = 100px
| portaldisp = y
| years_active = 1930–1987
}}

'''Mahadevi Varma''' (26 March 1907 – 11 September 1987) was an Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[poetess]], [[essayist]], and short-story [[writer]]. Some literary scholars regard Varma as one of the four known figures of the [[Chhayavad]] movement in Hindi literature.{{sfn|Varma|1985|p=38-40}}

Between 1930 and 1988, Varma published eight collections of poetry, and several books contain her essays, speeches, and other prose. Varma’s work reflects her experiences both before and after the [[Partition of India]], as well as her own experience as a social reformer, primarily her support of the [[Women's liberation movement in Asia|women's liberation]] movement.

Literary critics frequently refer to Varma as the "modern [[Meera]]." The poet Nirālā described her as "Sarasvati in the vast temple of Hindi Literature," highlighting her significance to the language.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ranu |first1=Anjali |title=Mahadevi Verma: Modern Meera |url=http://literaryindia.com/Literature/Indian-Authors/mahadevi-verma.html |publisher=Literary India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321205859/http://literaryindia.com/Literature/Indian-Authors/mahadevi-verma.html |access-date=5 December 2020 |archive-date=21 March 2007 }} Archived from the [http://literaryindia.com/Literature/Indian-Authors/mahadevi-verma.html original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070321205859/http://literaryindia.com/Literature/Indian-Authors/mahadevi-verma.html |date=21 March 2007 }} on 21 September 2007</ref>{{efn|हिंदी के विशाल मन्दिर की वीणापाणी, स्फूर्ति-चेतना-रचना की प्रतिमा कल्याणी (ISO:Hindī ke viśāl mandir kī Vīṇāpāṇī, sphūrti-caitanā-racanā kī pratimā kalyāṇī, English translation: Veenapani{{sup| Another name of Goddess [[Saraswati]]}} in huge temple of Hindi having a stature in conscious creations) - [[Suryakant Tripathi|''Nirala'']].}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mishra |first1=Satya Prakash |title=महादेवी का सर्जन: प्रतिरोध और करुणा |url=http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm#mahadevi |publisher=Tadbhav.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922133831/http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm#mahadevi |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=22 September 2007 |language=hi }} Archived from the [http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm#mahadevil original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922133831/http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm#mahadevil |date=22 September 2007 }} on 22 September 2007</ref>

Varma, developed a softer poetic diction within [[:hi:खड़ीबोली|Khadi Boli Hindi]], a quality previously associated primarily with [[Braj Bhasha]]. She was also well-versed in music. Her songs are noted for their expressive [[language]] and stylistic subtlety.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Varmā |first1=Mahādevī |last2=Pāṇḍeya |first2=Gaṅgāprasāda |title=महादेवी के स्रेष्ठ गीत |year=2012 |publisher=Kitābaghara |isbn=9788170161868 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrYHAQAAMAAJ |edition=2nd |language=hi}}</ref>

She is regarded as one of the most influential female writers of the twentieth century.<ref>Vasistha, R.K. (2002). ''Uttar Pradesh (Monthly Magazine)'' Issue 7. Lucknow, India: Information and Public Relations Department, U.P. Page 24.</ref> Her centenary was celebrated in 2007. In 2018, [[Google]] honoured her with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taneja |first1=Richa |title=Mahadevi Varma Is Today's Google Doodle: Know All About The Celebrated Hindi Poet |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mahadevi-varma-is-today-s-google-doodle-know-all-about-the-celebrated-poet-1843598 |work=NDTV.com |date=27 April 2018}}</ref>

== Life and education ==
=== Early life ===
'''Mahadevi Varma''' was born on 26 March 1907 in a Hindu [[Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3CgKqpJmBcC&pg=PA1 |title=Mahadevi Verma |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=978-1-62196-880-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYlRAQAAIAAJ&q=mahadevi+verma+Kayasth |title=Mahadevi Verma and the Chhayavad age of Modern Hindi poetry |date=1983 |isbn=978-0-520-04255-1 |language=en|last1=Schomer |first1=Karine |publisher=University of California Press }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kīkuci |first=Tomoko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mC8D677EDGkC&pg=PA17 |title=Mahādevī Verma kī viśvadr̥shṭi |date=2009 |publisher=Kitabghar Prakashan |isbn=978-81-88121-95-3 |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Anantharam |first=Anita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L4qiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38 |title=Bodies That Remember: Women's Indigenous Knowledge and Cosmopolitanism in South Asian Poetry |date=2012-01-30 |publisher=Syracuse University Press |isbn=978-0-8156-5059-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Menon |first=Visalakshi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kV2fumLhRGwC&pg=PA37 |title=Indian Women and Nationalism, the U.P. Story |date=2003 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-0939-7 |language=en}}</ref> family from [[Farrukhabad]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Schomer|first=Karine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TerrwAEACAAJ|title=Mahadevi Verma and the Chhayavad Age of Modern Hindi Poetry|publisher=University of California Press|year=1983|isbn=9780520042551|location=Berkeley}}</ref> Her father, Govind Prasad Varma, was a college professor in [[Bhagalpur]]. Her mother, Hem Rani Devi, was a vegetarian and a religious woman with a keen interest in music.{{sfn|Singh|2007|p=39-40}} Varma's mother spent hours reciting [[Ramayana]], [[Gita]] and ''[[Vinaya Patrika|Vinay Patrika]]''. Her father was a scholar, music lover, atheist, and hunting enthusiast. Poets [[Suryakant Tripathi]]—known as Nirālā—and [[Sumitranandan Pant]] were close friends of Mahadevi Varma.<ref>{{cite web |title=जो रेखाएँ कह न सकेंगी- महादेवी वर्मा |url=http://www.abhivyakti-hindi.org/sansmaran/2004/jo_rekhayen.htm |website=www.abhivyakti-hindi.org |publisher=Abhivyakti |access-date=7 December 2020|language=hi}}</ref> It is said that Varma tied [[Raksha Bandhan|''rakhi'']] to Nirālā for 40 years.{{sfn|Pandeya|2020|p=10}}

=== Education ===
Varma was originally admitted to a [[convent]] school, but upon her insistence and objection, she was admitted to Crosthwaite Girls' College in [[Prayagraj]] (then [[Allahabad]]).<ref name="a">{{cite news |last1=Jha |first1=Fiza |date=11 September 2019 |title=Poet Mahadevi Verma and her undiscovered feminist legacy |url=https://theprint.in/theprint-profile/poet-mahadevi-verma-and-her-undiscovered-feminist-legacy/289869/ |work=ThePrint}}</ref> According to Varma, she learned the strength of unity while staying in the hostel at Crosthwaite, where students of different religions lived together. At first, she started to write poems discreetly. However, it was her roommate and senior, [[Subhadra Kumari Chauhan]] (known in the school for writing poems), who discovered her hidden stash of poems.{{sfn|Anantharam|2010|p=4-8}}

{{Blockquote
| While others used to play outside, me and Subhadra used to sit on a tree and let our creative thoughts flow together... She used to write in [[Kauravi dialect|Khariboli]], and soon I also started to write in Khariboli... this way, we used to write one or two poems a day...
|source=Mahadevi Verma ''Smrti Chitra'' (''Memory Sketch'')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahādevī |title=Smr̥ti citra |date=1973 |publisher=Rājakamala Prakāśana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cUSAAAAMAAJ |access-date=7 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
}}

She and Subhadra would also send poems to various publications, including weekly magazines, and managed to get some of their poems published. The budding poets also attended [[Kavi sammelan]] (poetry seminars), where they met eminent Hindi poets and read their poems to the audience. This partnership continued until Subhadra graduated from Crosthwaite.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/mahadevi-verma-314852-2016-03-26|title=Mahadevi Verma: The woman who began the era of romanticism in Hindi literature|website=India Today|date=26 March 2016 |access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref>

In her childhood biography, ''Mere Bachpan Ke Din'' (''My Childhood Days''),<ref name="MVerma">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/mahadevi-verma-is-today-s-google-doodle-know-all-about-the-celebrated-poet-1843598|title=Mahadevi Verma Is Today's Google Doodle: Know All About The Celebrated Hindi Poet|work=NDTV.com|access-date=19 May 2018}}</ref> Varma wrote that she was very fortunate to be born into a liberal family, especially at a time when girls were considered a burden to their families. Her grandfather reportedly had the ambition of making her a scholar, although he insisted that she follow tradition and marry at the age of nine.<ref name="Book">{{cite book |last1=David |first1=Rubin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGwaAQAAIAAJ |title=The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets |date=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566349-5}}</ref> Her mother was fluent in both Sanskrit and Hindi and was strongly committed to her faith. Varma credits her mother for inspiring her to write poems and take an interest in literature.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/trending/mahadevi-verma-google-doodle-live-updates-5153558/|title=Mahadevi Verma, renowned Indian poet, honoured with Google doodle|date=27 April 2018|work=The Indian Express|access-date=27 April 2018}}</ref>

Married in childhood, Varma was expected to live with her husband after graduating in 1929, but she refused{{sfn|Anantharam|2010}} as she found his hunting and meat-eating habits offensive.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nagar |first=Shivchandra |title=Mahadevi: Vichar aur Vyaktitva |publisher=Kitab Mahal |year=1953 |location=Allahabad |pages=92 |language=Hindi}}</ref> Her remorseful father offered to convert along with her if she wanted to divorce and remarry (since Hindus could not legally divorce at the time), but she declined, insisting she wanted to remain single.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruth |first=Vanita |title=My Family by Mahadevi Verma |publisher=[[Penguin Random House]] |year=2021 |location=Gurugram |pages=xiii-xiv |language=English}}</ref> She even tried, unsuccessfully, to convince her husband to remarry.<ref name="Book" /> Later, she reportedly considered becoming a [[Buddhist nun]] but decided against it, though she studied Buddhist Pali and Prakrit texts for her master's degree.<ref name="Book" />

== Professional career ==
She started her career as a teacher and went on to become the principal of [[:hi:प्रयाग महिला विद्यापीठ|Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth]]. Although she was married in childhood, Varma chose to live independently and did not live with her husband, a decision that influenced both her personal life and her literary career. She was also a painter and translator. She went on to receive several of the highest literary awards in Hindi literature.

=== Literary ===
''Nihar'' was her debut collection of poems. She composed ''Nihar'' in 1930,<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last1=Varmā |first1=Mahādevī |title=Nīhāra |year=1962 |publisher=Sāhitya Bhavana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er9HAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> ''Rashmi'' in 1932,<ref>{{cite book |last1=वर्मा |first1=महादेवी |title=रश्मि |year=1962 |publisher=Sāhitya Bhavana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AcBHAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> and ''Neerja'' in 1933.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Varmā |first1=Mahādevī |title=Nīrajā |year=1966 |publisher=Bhāratī Bhaṇḍāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnNjAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> In 1936, a collection of her poems titled ''Sandhya Geet''<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahadevi |title=Sandhya Geet |date=January 2011 |publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8031-120-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wIee0diGVU8C |language=hi}}</ref> was published. In 1939, four poetry collections were published with their respective artworks under the title [[Yāmā (poetry collection)|''Yāmā'']].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahadevi |title=Yama |date=September 2008 |publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8031-306-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeiIQMq3heMC |language=hi}}</ref> Apart from these, she also wrote memoirs and essays, with ''[[Mera Parivar]]'' (My Family), ''Smriti ki Rekhaye'' (Sketches from memory), ''Path ke Sathi'' (Path's Companions), ''Shrinkhala ki Kariyan'' (Series of Links), and ''Ateet ke Chalchitra'' (Scenes from Past) being prominent among them.

=== Women's advocacy ===
[[File:Mahadevi Varma receiving the Gyanpeeth Award.jpg|thumb|Mahadevi Varma (''on right'') receiving the [[Jnanpith Award]] from then British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] in 1982]]

Varma is also considered among the pioneers of [[feminism]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mahadevi Verma |url=http://www.sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Verma+Mahadevi |website=www.sawnet.org |publisher=South Asian Women Writers (SAWnet) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050226114315/http://sawnet.org/books/authors.php?Verma+Mahadevi |access-date=7 December 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 February 2005 }}Archived from the on 28 September 2007</ref>Throughout her career, Varma's work in writing, editing, and teaching significantly advanced the development of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth in [[Allahabad]].<ref name="a" /> This level of responsibility was considered a significant step in the field of women's education at the time. She also worked as a school [[Principal (academia)|principal]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Mahadevi Varma and the Chhayavad age of modern Hindi poetry |date=2011 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-04255-1 |page=252 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aYlRAQAAIAAJ&q=Mahadevi+Varma+and+the+Chayavada+Age+of+Modern+Hindi+Poetry}}</ref> In 1923, she took over ''[[:hi:चाँद (पत्रिका)|Chand]],'' the leading women's magazine. In 1955, Varma established the Literary Parliament in Allahabad with the help of Ilachandra Joshi and eventually took up the editorship of its publication. This laid the foundation for women poets' conferences in India.<ref>Varma, Mahadevi (May 1933) ''Sudha (Monthly Magazine)''. Lucknow.</ref> Mahadevi was greatly influenced by Buddhism. Under the influence of [[Mahatma Gandhi]], she took up public service and worked in Jhansi in support of the Indian struggle for freedom.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Singh |first=U. |date=2015 |title=The Politics of Mass Mobilisation: Eastern Uttar Pradesh, c. 1920-1940 |journal=Social Scientist |volume=43 |issue=5/6 |pages=93–114 |jstor=24642349}}</ref>

In 1937, Mahadevi Varma built a house in the village of ''Umagarh'', [[Ramgarh, Uttarakhand]], 25 km from [[Nainital]]. She named it Meera Temple. She started working for the people of the village and their education. She dedicated herself to women's education and their economic self-sufficiency. Today, this bungalow is known as the Mahadevi Sahitya Museum.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tree |first1=Kafal |title=महादेवी वर्मा और कुमाऊँ के रामगढ़ में उनकी मीरा कुटीर |url=https://www.kafaltree.com/mahadevi-verma-museum-ramgarh/ |website=Kafal Tree |access-date=7 December 2020 |date=26 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bisht |first1=Virendra |title=चार धाम यात्रा पर आयीं महादेवी वर्मा को जब भा गया रामगढ़ |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/nainital-memories-of-mahadevi-verma-1108363.html |work=News18 India |date=14 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=हिमालय की गोद में रहकर रचनाएं गढ़ सकेंगे साहित्यकार |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttarakhand/nainital/mahadevi-varma-s-anniversary-special |work=Amar Ujala |date=26 March 2016 |language=hi}}</ref> She advocated for women's education and economic self-sufficiency.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Varma |first1=Mahadevi |last2=Agrawal |first2=Chandra |date=1992 |title=The Art of Living |journal=Chicago Review |volume=38 |issue=1/2 |pages=98–102 |doi=10.2307/25305567 |jstor=25305567 |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/25305567|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Her strong condemnation of social stereotypes earned her recognition as a women's rights advocate.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sohoni |first1=Neera Kuckreja |title=Forging a Feminist Path |url=http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm |website=IndiaTogether.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019230033/http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=19 October 2002 }} Archived from the [http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019230033/http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm |date=19 October 2002 }} on 19 October 2002</ref> She had also been called a social reformer due to her development work and public service towards women and their education.{{sfn|Varma|1994}} Literary scholars have noted that her work emphasizes creative resolve and social transformation rather than personal anguish.{{sfn|Varma|1994}}<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kelapure |first1=Pratibha |title=WOMPO (Women Poetry Listserv) - Mahadevi Verma |url=http://www.usm.maine.edu/wompo/Mahadevi-Verma.html |website=www.usm.maine.edu |publisher=University of Southern Maine |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316002425/http://www.usm.maine.edu/wompo/Mahadevi-Verma.html |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=16 March 2007 }} Archived from the [http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021019230033/http://www.indiatogether.org/women/people/varma.htm |date=19 October 2002 }} on 16 March 2007</ref>

In her essay ''Stree Ka Patnitva'' (“The Wifehood of Hindu Women”), Varma compared traditional marriage structures to forms of social subjugation. She writes that, without affiliation to any political or financial authority, women are relegated to roles as wives and mothers. Her feminism is often overshadowed by her poetic persona. Through poems like ''Cha'', she explores themes and ideas of female sexuality, while her short stories, such as ''Biblia'', discuss the subject of experiences of women's physical and mental abuse.{{sfn|Anantharam|2010|p=20}}

She spent most of her life in Allahabad (now Prayagraj), Uttar Pradesh, where she died on 11 September 1987.<ref>{{cite web |title=30 Years After Her Death, Hindi Poet Mahadevi Varma Served Tax Notice |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/hindi-poet-mahadevi-varma-served-tax-notice-30-years-after-her-death-1810227 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

== Works ==
Varma was a poet as well as a distinguished prose and story writer. Her works are listed below:

=== Poetry ===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* ''Nihar''<ref name=":0" /> (1930)
* ''Rashmi''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahādevī |title=Raśmi |year=1983 |publisher=Sāhitya Bhavana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=efZDmgEACAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> (1932)
* ''Neerja''<ref name=":1" /> (1933)
* ''Sandhyageet''<ref name=":2" /> (1935)
* ''[[Deepshikha]]''<ref name=":3">{{cite book |last1=Varma |first1=Mahadevi |title=Deepshikha |publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan |location=Varanasi |isbn=978-81-8031-119-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_rWlHFYFq0C |language=hi}}</ref> (1942)
* ''Pratham Ayam''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahādevī |title=Prathama āyāma |year=1984 |publisher=Bhāratī Bhaṇḍāra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxkuAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> (1949)
* ''Saptaparna''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahadevi |title=Saptaparna |date=September 2008 |publisher=Lokbharti Prakashan |isbn=978-81-8031-340-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IVXhwv0bKnMC |language=hi}}</ref> (1959)
* ''Agni Rekha''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Verma |first1=Mahādevī |title=Agnirekhā |year=1990 |publisher=Rājakamala Prakāśana |isbn=9788171781249 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hHJjAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}</ref> (1988)
{{div col end}}
Several other poetic collections of Mahadevi Varma have also been published, in which selected songs from the above compositions have been compiled.

=== Prose ===
List of selected prose works includes

{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* [[Links in the Chain|''Shrinkhala ki Kadiyan'']] (1942)
* ''Smriti ki Rekhaye'' (1943)
* ''Sansmaran'' (1943)
* ''Sambhasan'' (1949)
* ''Path ke Sathi'' (1956)
* ''Skandha'' (1956)
* ''Ateet Ke Chalchitra'' (1961)
* ''[[Mera Parivar]]'' (1972)
* ''Vivechamanak Gadya'' (1972)
* ''Himalaya'' (1973)
* ''Meera Aur Meera'' (1975) : A collection of speeches on [[Meera]]bai.<ref>{{cite web |last=Varma |first=Mahadevi |title=Meera Aur Meera |url=https://pustak.org/index.php/books/bookdetails/14046 |website=Pustak.org |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |access-date=4 May 2025}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

=== Others ===
Two compilations of children's poems of Mahadevi Varma are
* ''Thakurji Bhole Hai''<ref name="child">{{cite book |last1=Manu |first1=Prakash |title=Hindi Bal Sahitya Ka Itihas |year=2020 |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |isbn=978-93-5266-671-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-YuODwAAQBAJ&q=%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82&pg=PT36 |access-date=7 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
* ''Aaj Kharidenge hum Jwala''<ref name="child" />

== Critical analysis ==
{{copy edit section|for=clarity|date=July 2025}}

Mahadevi Varma's poetry has often been interpreted as deeply personal, especially in its exploration of emotional themes such as pain, longing, compassion, and spiritual yearning.

One such critic, the moralist [[Ramchandra Shukla]], expressed skepticism about the reality of her poetic anguish. He noted:

{{blockquote
| Concerning this anguish, she has revealed such sensations of the heart which are extraterrestrial. As for how real these sensations are, nothing definite can be said. (English translation)<ref>{{cite web |title=काव्यखंड (संवत् 1975) प्रकरण 4 नई धारा: तृतीय उत्थान: वर्तमान काव्यधाराएँ |url=https://hindisamay.com/Alochana/shukl%20granthavali5/itihas%20shukl14a.htm |publisher=Hindisamay.com |access-date=7 December 2020 |language=hi}}</ref>
}}

In contrast, [[Hazari Prasad Dwivedi]] viewed Varma's poetry as a collective reflection of human emotion. He argued that her poetic expression of pain was not confined to individual sorrow but symbolized universal human experiences.

Poems such as ''Deep'' (from Nihar), ''Madhur Madhur Mere Deepak Jal'' (from Neerja), and ''Mome Sa Tan Gal Hai,'' are frequently cited as representative of Varma's introspective and reflective tone. These works, while sometimes seen as self-centered, also align with the aesthetic and thematic concerns of the [[Chhayavaad]] (Shadowism) literary movement.

Literary scholar [[Satyaprakash Mishra|Satya Prakash Mishra]] offered a philosophical reading of Varma's role in redefining Chhayavaad:

{{blockquote
| Mahadevi not only distanced herself from the earlier mystical and object-centered constructs of Chhayavaad, but also reshaped it through humanistic rationalism. Her poetry marked a shift in sensation and expression, focusing not on mere sentiment or devotion, but on the character, essence, and evolution of Chhayavaad itself. (English translation)<ref>{{cite web |last=Mishra |first=Satya Prakash |title=महादेवी का सर्जन : प्रतिरोध और करुणा |url=http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm |publisher=Tadbhav.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070922133831/http://www.tadbhav.com/Mahadevi%20ka.htm |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=22 September 2007 |language=hi}}</ref>
}}

American novelist and translator [[David Rubin (author)|David Rubin]] praised her distinctive poetic voice and technical finesse:

{{blockquote
| What arrests us in Mahadevi's work is the striking originality of the voice and the technical ingenuity that enabled her to create, through a series of mostly short lyrics across five volumes, a consistently evolving representation of total subjectivity measured against the vastness of cosmic nature. There is little direct human interaction—only metaphorical acts like weeping, walking the road, or playing the [[Veena]].<ref name="Book" />
}}

Writer and critic Prabhakar Shrotriya rejected the notion that Mahadevi Varma should be seen solely as a poet of sorrow and despair. He wrote:

{{blockquote
| In fact, the core of Mahadevi's creative force is not tears but fire. What appears on the surface is not the ultimate truth; the invisible realm is the true source of her inspiration. Her tears are not of ordinary sadness, but the result of internal storms—of thunder, rebellion, and fierce inner flame. (English translation)<ref>{{cite book |last=Kukreti |first=Hemant |title=Navjagrankaleen Kaviyon Kee Pahchan (Literary Criticism) |year=2017 |publisher=Vāṇī Prakāśana |isbn=978-93-87155-00-8 |page=133 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee5EDwAAQBAJ |language=hi}}</ref>
}}

In the scholarly paper ''Ethical Literary Criticism of the Pain Emotion in Mahadevi Varma's Poetry'', researcher Li Yalan examined how critics have interpreted Varma's recurrent focus on suffering. While acknowledging the spiritual and metaphysical tone of her poetry, Li noted that many critics view her portrayal of pain as more symbolic or lyrical than literal. Some also argue that her melancholic tone feels somewhat [[Anachronism|anachronistic]] or disconnected from the historical realities of her time.<ref>{{cite web |last=Li |first=Yalan |title=Ethical Literary Criticism of the Pain Emotion in Mahadevi Verma's Poetry |url=https://fwls.org/uploads/soft/250314/1-250314143408.pdf |access-date=30 July 2025}}</ref>

Despite these debates, Mahadevi Varma remained deeply engaged with the social and political issues of her time. During the [[Bengal famine of 1943]], she published a poetry collection that included the piece ''Banga Bhu Shanth Vandana''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Verma |first=Mahadevi |title=Agnirekha |date=September 2009 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7178-933-7 |page=48 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Yr0WnBKGACwC |language=hi}}</ref> Similarly, in response to the [[Sino-Indian War]], she edited a patriotic poetry collection titled ''Himalaya''.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kumar |first=Kuldeep |title=Rebel with a cause |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-authors/rebel-with-a-cause/article23446939.ece |work=The Hindu |date=6 April 2018}}</ref>

== Honors and awards ==
[[File:Stamp of India - 1991 - Colnect 164196 - Mahadevi Verma Poetess and - Varsha.jpeg|thumb|right|200px|Honorary postal stamp released in 1991]]

* 1956: [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref name="PadmaAwards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2015 |access-date=21 July 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref>
* 1979: [[Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]<ref name="honour">{{cite news |last1=Thapliyal |first1=Shreya |title=Poet, writer, educator, feminist — Mahadevi Varma continues to inspire |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/poet-writer-educator-feminist-mahadevi-varma-continues-inspire-1502683373.html |work=The Statesman |date=11 September 2018 }}</ref>
* 1982: [[Jnanpith Award]] for her poetry collection [[Yāmā (poetry collection)|Yāmā]].<ref name="honour" />
* 1988: [[Padma Vibhushan]]<ref name="PadmaAwards" /><ref name="Book" />

In 1979, the Indian filmmaker [[Mrinal Sen]] produced a Bengali film on her memoir ''Woh Chini Bhai'' (The Chinese Brothers)'',''<ref>{{cite web |title=वह चीनी भाई - महादेवी वर्मा |url=http://abhivyakti-hindi.org/sansmaran/2001/chinibhai.htm |website=abhivyakti-hindi.org |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> titled [[Neel Akasher Neechey]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Mrinal Sen:: Neel Akasher Niche |url=http://mrinalsen.org/neel_akasher_niche.htm |website=mrinalsen.org |access-date=7 December 2020}}</ref> On 14 September 1991, the Postal Department of the Government of India, issued a double stamp of {{INR}}2 honoring her and [[Jaishankar Prasad]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Postage Stamps: Commemorate section |url=http://postagestamps.gov.in/CommemorativePostageStamps.aspx |website=postagestamps.gov.in |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=23 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181123000537/http://postagestamps.gov.in/CommemorativePostageStamps.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Literary contributions ==
[[File:Mahadevi Verma (group photo).jpg|thumb|Mahadevi Varma (''bottom row, third from left''), along with [[Hazari Prasad Dwivedi]] and others]]

The emergence of Mahadevi Varma in literature happened at a time when the shape of [[:hi:खड़ीबोली|Khadi Boli]] was being refined. She introduced [[Braj bhasha]] softness to Hindi poetry and developed a repertoire of songs reflecting her heartfelt acceptance of Indian philosophy. She became an influential figure in language, literature, and philosophy, all of which later influenced an entire generation. Varma created a unique rhythm and simplicity within the composition and language of her songs, as well as the natural use of symbols and images that, draw a picture in the mind of the reader.<ref>Paliwal, Krishnadatta (2007). ''आजकल'' (monthly magazine). CGO Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110 003: Publications Division, Information Bhawan. Page 15</ref> Her contribution to the prosperity of Chhayavadi poetry is significant; while [[Jaishankar Prasad]] gave naturalization to the [[Chhayavaad|Chhayavadi]] poetry, [[Suryakant Tripathi|Suryakant Tripathi ''Nirālā'']] embodied the liberation in it and [[Sumitranandan Pant]] brought the art of delicateness, Varma embodied life in the Chhayavadi poetry. The most prominent features of her poetry are [[emotion]]alism and intensity of feeling. A such, lively and tangible manifestation of the subtle expressions of the heart, makes "Varma" among the best Chhayavadi poets.<ref>Vanzpe, Prof. Shubhada (2006). ''Pushpak (Semi-Annual Magazine)'' Issue-6. Hyderabad, India: Kadambini Club. Page 113.</ref> She is remembered with respect for her speeches in Hindi. Her speeches were full of compassion for the common man and firm in the truth. At the 3rd [[World Hindi Conference]] held in Delhi in 1983, she was the chief guest of the closing ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |title=समापन समारोह है, तो मन भारी है - तीसरे विश्व हिंदी सम्मेलन |url=http://www.vishwahindi.com/mahadeviji.htm |website=www.vishwahindi.com |publisher=Hindi section, MEA, Government of India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008182938/http://www.vishwahindi.com/mahadeviji.htm |access-date=7 December 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2007 }} Archived from the [http://www.vishwahindi.com/mahadeviji.htm original] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008182938/http://www.vishwahindi.com/mahadeviji.htm |date=8 October 2007 }} on 8 October 2007</ref>

Apart from her original creations, she was also a bilingual translator, with works such as, her translation of ''Saptaparna'' (1980). With the help of her cultural consciousness, she presented 39 selected important pieces of Hindi poetry in her work, by establishing the identity of [[Vedas]], [[Ramayana]], [[Theragatha]] and the works of [[Aśvaghoṣa|Ashwaghosh]], [[Kālidāsa|Kalidas]], [[Bhavabhuti]], and [[Jayadeva]]. In the beginning, in the 61-page ''Apna Baat'', she gives thorough research on this invaluable heritage of Indian wisdom and literature, widening the overall understanding and fine writing of Hindi, not just limited to female writing.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sharma |first1=Rishabhdev |title=भारतीय चिंतन परंपरा और 'सप्तपर्णा' |url=http://m.sahityakunj.net/entries/view/bhartiya-chintan-parmpara-aur-saptparnaa |website=m.sahityakunj.net |publisher=Sahitya Kunj |access-date=7 December 2020 | language=hi}}</ref>

==Works in English translation==
Many of Mahadevi Varma’s works — particularly her prose writings — have been translated into English, both in full volumes as well as anthologies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tiwari |first=Bhavya |title=Beyond English: World Literature and India|page = 91 |date=2022 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |location=New York |isbn=978-1-5013-3464-1 |series=Literatures as World Literature}}</ref>

===Prose translations===
*A Pilgrimage to the Himalayas and Other Silhouettes from Memory (1975), translation of ''Smriti ki Rekhayen'' by Radhika Prasad Srivastava and Lillian Srivastava. This work was included in the Indian series of [[UNESCO Collection of Representative Works]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Varma
| first = Mahadevi
| translator = Radhika Prasad Srivastava, Lillian Srivastava
| title = A Pilgrimage to the Himalayas, and Other Silhouettes from Memory
| series = Representative Works: Indian Series
| year = 1975
| pages = 127
| isbn = 0-7206-0164-9
| language = English
}}</ref>
*Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India’s Oppressed (1994), selections from ''Ateet ke Chalchitra'', translated by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni, published by [[Northeastern University Press]].{{sfn|Varma|1994}}
*Links in the Chain (2003), translation of ''Shrinkhala ki Kadiyan'' by Neera Kuckreja Sohoni, a collection of Varma’s essays on Indian women.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Varma
| first = Mahādevī
| translator = Neera Kuckreja Sohoni
| title = Links in the Chain
| publisher = Katha
| year = 2003
| pages = 147
| isbn = 9788187649342
| language = English
}}
</ref>
*Political Essays on Women, Culture, and Nation (2010), edited by Anita Anantharam ([[Cambria Press]]), comprises major political essays and selected poems, translated by [[Francesca Orsini]], [[Vasudha Dalmia]], among others.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Varma
| first = Mahādevī
| editor = Anita Anantharam
| title = Political Essays on Women, Culture, and Nation
| publisher = Cambria Press
| isbn = 9781621968801
| year = 2010
| language = English
}}</ref>
*My Family (2021), translation of ''Mera Parivar'' by [[Ruth Vanita]] published by [[Penguin India]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Modi |first=Chintan Girish |title=Review: My Family by Mahadevi Varma, translated by Ruth Vanita |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/books/reviewmy-family-by-mahadevi-varma-translated-by-ruth-vanita-101634298241706.html |website=Hindustan Times |date=15 October 2021 |access-date=14 August 2025}}</ref>
* Portraits from Memory (2025) by Ruth Vanita, published by Harper Perennial India, an imprint of [[HarperCollins|Harper-Collins India]], brings together ''Smriti ki Rekhaye'' and ''Ateet ke Chalchitra'' in a single memoir volume.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rai |first=V. N. |title=‘Portraits from Memory’ by Mahadevi Varma: Capturing the shadows of wounded lives |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/book-reviews/mahadevi-varmas-pen-portraits-of-individuality/ |work=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]] |date=8 February 2026 |access-date=20 March 2026}}</ref>

===Poetry translations===
Translations of Mahadevi Varma’s poetry have appeared in a few editions. ''Selected Poems: Mahadevi Varma'' (1987), translated by L.S. Sinha, was among the earliest stand-alone English editions of her poems.<ref>{{cite book |title=Selected Poems |translator=L. S. Sinha |year=1987|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Selected_Poems/zU1R0AEACAAJ?hl=en |publisher=[[Writers Workshop (publisher)|Writers Workshop]] |location=India |language=English}}</ref> [[David Rubin (author)|David Rubin]] included substantial selections of her work in ''The Return of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets'' (1998) and in ''Of Love and War: A Chhayavad Anthology'' (2005).<ref name="Book"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Of Love and War: A Chhayavad Anthology |translator=David Rubin |year=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0195675320}}</ref>
Beyond these, a few poems have been translated into various journals. Notable appearances include [[The Illustrated Weekly of India]], Hindi Review (the English organ of the [[Nagari Pracharini Sabha]]), [[Indian Literature (journal)|Indian Literature]] published by the [[Sahitya Akademi]], and ''Modern Indian Literature: An Anthology'' edited by [[K. M. George (writer)|K.M. George]].<ref>{{cite book
| last = Roadarmel
| first = Gordon C.
| title = A Bibliography of English Source Materials for the Study of Modern Hindi Literature
| publisher = Center for South and Southeast Asia Studies, University of California, Berkeley
| series = Occasional Papers
| year = 1994
| language = English
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| editor = K. M. George
| author-link=K. M. George (writer)
| title = Modern Indian Literature, an Anthology: Surveys and Poems
| publisher = Sahitya Akademi
| year = 1992
| pages = 1148
| language = English
}}
</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Chhayavaad]]
* [[Jaishankar Prasad]]
* [[Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'|Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirālā']]
* [[Sumitranandan Pant]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book |last1=Varma |first1=Dhirendra |title=हिन्दी साहित्य कोश |date=1985 |publisher=Jñānamaṇḍala |location=Varanasi |edition=3rd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fjYhAAAAMAAJ |language=hi}}
* {{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Rajkumar |title=विचार विमर्श — महादेवी वर्मा: जन्म, शैशवावस्था एवं बाल्यावस्था |date=2007 |publisher=Sagar Publications |location=Mathura Anita |language=hi}}
* {{cite book |last1=Pandeya |first1=Gangaprasad |title=Mahapran Nirala |date=2020 |publisher=Rajkamal Prakashan |isbn=978-81-267-3099-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQvQDwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Anantharam |first1=Anita |title=Mahadevi Varma - Political Essays on Women, Culture and Nation |date=2010 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=978-1-62196-880-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3CgKqpJmBcC}}
* {{cite book |last1=Varma |first1=Maha Devi |title=Sketches from My Past: Encounters with India's Oppressed |date=1994 |publisher=Northeastern University Press |translator=Neera Kuckreja Sohoni |isbn=978-1-55553-198-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnhjAAAAMAAJ}}
{{refend}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last1=Rosenstein |first1=Ludmila L. |title=New Poetry in Hindi: Nayi Kavita - An Anthology |date=2004 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-84331-125-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yt2ROIhYfC4C}}
* {{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=Indra |title=India's 50 Most Illustrious Women |date=2003 |publisher=Icon Publications |isbn=978-81-88086-03-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C0gaAAAACAAJ}}
* {{cite book|last=Schomer|first=Karine|title=Mahadevi Varma and the Chhayavad Age of Modern Hindi Poetry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs4xQQAACAAJ|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Dehi|isbn=978-0-19-564450-0}}
* {{cite book|last=Singh|first=Doodhnath|author-link=Doodhnath Singh|title=Mahadevi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JUDRXCXQekC|year=2009|publisher=[[Rajkamal Prakashan]]|isbn=978-81-267-1753-8}}
* {{cite book|last=Varma|first=Mahadevi|editor=Nirmala Jain|title=महादेवी साहित्य (Complete Works of Mahadevi Varma)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cvf3MfiwSOEC|volume=3|year=2007|publisher=Vani Prakashan|isbn=978-81-8143-680-1}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.bharatvarshgyan.com/mahadevi-varma-ka-jivan-parichay/ Mahadevi Varma Jivan Parichay] (Hindi Jivan Parichay)
* {{Gbooks-author|Mahādevī Varmā}}
* {{YouTube|stQL9KgVZHg|"Mahadevi Verma - कवयित्री जीवन और लेखन"}}
* [http://www.kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE Mahadevi Varma at Kavita Kosh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108095152/http://kavitakosh.org/kk/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE |date=8 November 2021 }} (Hindi)
* [http://www.anubhuti-hindi.org/gauravgram/mahadevi/index.htm Mahadevi Varma at Anubhuti]
* [https://kavishala.in/sootradhar/mahadevi-verma Mahadevi Varma | Kavishala Sootradhar]

{{Padma Vibhushan Awards}}
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1954–59}}
{{Jnanpith Award}}
{{SahityaAkademiFellowship}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Varma, Mahadevi}}
[[Category:1907 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:Hindi-language poets]]
[[Category:Hindi-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educational theorists]]
[[Category:People from Farrukhabad]]
[[Category:Writers from Prayagraj]]
[[Category:University of Allahabad alumni]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Jnanpith Award]]
[[Category:Poets from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women writers from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Novelists from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian novelists]]
[[Category:Indian women short story writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian short story writers]]
[[Category:Women educators from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educators from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women school principals and headteachers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women novelists]]
[[Category:Indian feminists]]
[[Category:Indian feminist writers]]
[[Category:Indian women's rights activists]]
[[Category:Indian magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian women magazine editors]]
[[Category:Indian editors]]
[[Category:Indian women editors]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Indian women painters]]
[[Category:Indian translators]]
[[Category:20th-century women painters]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Raghava Lawrence

2026-03-27T03:49:43Z

LavernRuss601: minor add information per sources and fixed typos to improve readability

{{Short description|Indian actor and choreographer}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Raghava Lawrence
| image =
| caption = Raghava Lawrence
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1976|10|29}}
| birth_place = [[Royapuram]], [[Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]] {{small|(present-day [[Royapuram]], [[Chennai]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]])}}
| other_names =
| birth_name = Lawrence Murugaiyan
| yearsactive = 1989–present
| spouse = Latha Lawrence
| children = 1
| occupation = {{hlist|Actor|Choreographer|Film director|Composer|Playback singer|Lyricist|Film producer|Philanthropist}}
}}
'''Raghava Lawrence''' (born '''Lawrence Murugaiyan''') is an Indian actor, choreographer, film director, composer, playback singer, lyricist, film producer and philanthropist known for his works primarily in [[Tamil cinema|Tamil]] cinema. After making his debut as a dance choreographer in 1993, he began looking for acting opportunities. He began his career as an actor in 1998, in a Telugu film.

He adopted the name "Raghava" in 2001, and choreographed songs for many prominent actors and directors in Tamil and Telugu cinema throughout his career. He got his breakthrough as an actor with the Telugu film ''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]'' (2006) and Tamil horror comedy ''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]'' (2007). As a choreographer, he is known for his simple but intricate [[hip-hop]] and westernised dance moves and has won four [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Awards]], three [[Nandi Awards]], and two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award|Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]] for Best Choreography and one [[Vijay Awards]] for social responsibility.

==Early life and background==
Lawrence was born on 29 October 1976 into a [[Tamils|Tamil]] speaking family of Murugaiyan and Kanmani. Lawrence had a [[brain tumor]] when he was a child.<ref name="idlebrain1">{{cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/lawrence.html |title=Raghava Lawrence – Telugu Cinema interview – Telugu film director |website=Idlebrain.com |date=16 January 2006 |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-date=24 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724005553/http://www.idlebrain.com/celeb/interview/lawrence.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="rediff1998">{{cite web |url=http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/25law.htm |title=Rediff on the Net, Movies: India rubber |website=Rediff.com |date=25 April 1998 |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224002421/http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/25law.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="kalki">{{cite magazine |date=30 September 2001 |title=பதினாறு வயசுல மறுபிறவி! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2001-09-30/kalki2001-09-30.pdf |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |language=ta |pages=56–59 |access-date=3 August 2023}}</ref> He attributes the curing of his tumor to the [[deity]], [[Raghavendra Swamy]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060105224137/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/stars/interview_lawrence_2005.php TeluguCinema.Com – TC Exclusive: Interview with choreographer-director Lawrence]. Telugucinema.com. 11 February 2005</ref> and in an act of devotion, he
took the name Raghava<ref name="rediff1998"/> He built the Raghavendra Swamy Brindavanam Temple at [[Thirumullaivoyal|Thirumullaivayal]] on the [[Avadi]]-[[Ambattur]] route, which opened on 1 January 2010.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article214513.ece |title=Rajini's spiritual suggestion |newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321031131/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/article214513.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Raghava also has a younger brother, Elviin Lawrence.

== Career ==

=== Initial career (1989–2001) ===
He was working as a car cleaner for fight master [[Super Subbarayan]].<ref name="rediff1998"/> [[Rajinikanth]] saw him dancing and helped him to join the Dancers Union.<ref name=kalki /><ref name="rediff1998"/><ref name="hindu1">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/11/08/stories/2008110853691300.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130826151708/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2008/11/08/stories/2008110853691300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 August 2013 |title=Metro Plus Kochi / Music : My First Break – Raghava Lawrence |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=8 November 2008 |access-date=26 August 2013}}</ref>
Lawrence first appeared in a song in ''[[Samsara Sangeetham]]'' a Tamil film in 1989 directed by T. Rajendran. Then he appeared in ''Donga Police'' in 1991, also doing some dances with [[Prabhu Deva]]. He was a background dancer in the song Chikku Bukku Chikku Bukku Railey in ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993).<ref name="rediff1998"/> He also appeared in dance sequences in ''[[Muta Mesthri]]'' (1993), ''[[Rakshana]]'' (1993) and ''[[Allari Priyudu]]'' (1993).<ref name="rediff1998"/> [[Chiranjeevi]] offered him the job of choreographing the dances for ''[[Hitler (1997 film)|Hitler]]'' (1997). Pleased with Lawrence's work, Chiranjeevi asked him to choreograph dances for ''[[Master (1997 film)|Master]]'' (1997), his next film too.<ref name="rediff1998"/> Producer T V D Prasad offered him the role of a hero in his venture ''[[Speed Dancer]]'' (1999).<ref name="rediff1998"/><ref name=kalki /> That film was a flop.<ref name="idlebrain1"/> After that he acted small roles in Tamil like [[Ajith Kumar]]'s ''[[Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven]]'' (2000) and [[Prashanth]]'s ''[[Parthen Rasithen]]'' (2000).<ref name="idlebrain1"/> Director [[K. Balachander]] invited him to act in his 100th film ''[[Parthale Paravasam]]'' (2001).<ref name="hindu1"/><ref name=kalki />

=== Establishing career (2002–2010) ===
He acted as a first lead role in the Tamil with ''[[Arpudham]]'' (2002). As described by review ''sify '', the latest in the line is Lawrence, who like his predecessor Prabhu Deva, is determined to be a hero. ''Arputham'' has a decent screenplay and Lawrence is tolerable. Thereafter, ''[[Style (2002 film)|Style]]'' (2002). He also made a guest appearance with [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] in the Tamil movie ''[[Thirumalai]]'' (2003). After a guest appearance in the film ''[[Thendral (film)|Thendral]]'' (2004), he directed his first film in Telugu, ''[[Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]'' (2004) starring [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Jyothika]]. The movie was a commercial success.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-mass.html|title=Mass (Dammunte Kasko) – Telugu cinema Review – Nagarjuna, Charmy, Jyothika|website=Idlebrain.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=6 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190106115554/http://idlebrain.com/movie/archive/mr-mass.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/style-review-telugu-movie-8055|title=Style review. Style Telugu movie review, story, rating|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=29 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329025224/https://www.indiaglitz.com/style-review-telugu-movie-8055|url-status=live}}</ref>

He subsequently directed and acted in ''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]'' (2006) co-starring with [[Prabhu Deva]] and featuring [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Chiranjeevi]] in guest roles.He got his breakthrough with ''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]'' (2007), a horror thriller film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/muni-review.html|title=Tamil Movie review Muni Lawrence Raghavendra Rajkiran Vethika saran gemini production picture gallery images|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=2 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233529/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-articles/movies-05/muni-review.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Thereafter, he directed another film, ''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]'' (2007). The film starring [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]] and [[Anushka Shetty]]. Raghava acted in second roles and made the film depending only on style and technical aspects. The movie had an average response.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/don-review-wrong-choice-of-nagarjuna-4569 |title=Don Review: Wrong choice of Nagarjuna |work=Greatandhra |access-date=15 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402233915/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/don-review-wrong-choice-of-nagarjuna-4569 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
Raghava continues to play in different categories films such as ''[[Pandi (film)|Pandi]]'' (2008), ''[[Rajadhi Raja (2009 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' (2009) and ''[[Irumbukkottai Murattu Singam]]'' (2010). ''Pandi'' was a moderate success,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/pandi-tamil-movie-review-9709.html|title=Pandi review. Pandi Tamil movie review, story, rating|website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=23 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123175816/https://www.indiaglitz.com/pandi-tamil-movie-review-9709.html|url-status=live}}</ref> while ''Rajadhi Raja''
was released to negative reviews, and ''Irumbukkottai Murattu Singam'' was released to mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/rajadhi-raja-review--pclxdMhaaffbd.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327093241/http://www.sify.com/movies/rajadhi-raja-review--pclxdMhaaffbd.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 March 2019|title=Review : Rajadhi Raja (2009)|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/irumbu-kottai-murattu-singam-lawrence.html|title=Irumbu Kottai Murattu Singam - Tamil Movie Reviews - Irumbu Kottai Murattu Singam - Larencce - Lakshmi Rai - Padmapriya - Sandhya - Behindwoods.com|website=Behindwoods.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=16 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200116083659/http://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movie-reviews/reviews-2/irumbu-kottai-murattu-singam-lawrence.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Later career (2011–present) ===
He takes the series ''Muni'' in ''[[Muni 2: Kanchana|Kanchana]]'' (2011). [[Sarath Kumar]] play in the main role. The movie was commercially successful.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/kanchana-review-horror-on-emotion-30577 |title=Kanchana review: High on emotions |work=greatandhra |access-date=21 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111030/https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/reviews/kanchana-review-horror-on-emotion-30577 |archive-date=21 March 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2012, he directed Telugu movie ''[[Rebel (2012 film)|Rebel]]'' starring [[Prabhas]] and [[Tamannaah]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/rebel.html|title=Rebel (2012) – Rebel Movie – Rebel Telugu Movie Cast & Crew, Release Date, Review, Photos, Videos|website=FilmiBeat.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=27 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327090303/https://www.filmibeat.com/telugu/movies/rebel.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He acted in ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' (2015). In 2017, he starred in an action Masala film, ''[[Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva]]''. ''Sify'' described the film as, "Crass, loud and brainless."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/motta-shiva-ketta-shiva-review--crass-loud-and-brainless-review-tamil-rdjt3ubedfjfg.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310051428/http://www.sify.com/movies/motta-shiva-ketta-shiva-review--crass-loud-and-brainless-review-tamil-rdjt3ubedfjfg.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 March 2017|title=Review : Motta Shiva Ketta Shiva review- Crass, loud and brainless (2017)|website=[[Sify]]|access-date=2 April 2019}}</ref> Then another of genre horror ''[[Shivalinga (2017 film)|Shivalinga]]'', remake a [[Kannada]] language with the [[Shivalinga (2016 film)|same name]] directed by [[P. Vasu]]. [[Shakthi Vasudevan]], son of director, also starred in the important role for two versions. The story is a cop investigating the suspicious death of a Muslim finds out that his own wife has become possessed by the young man's ghost.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/sivalinga/movie-review/58190687.cms|title=Sivalinga Review {2.5/5}: Shivalinga isn't boring or crassy, and is passable, but isn't that too low a bar for a veteran like P Vasu to be settling for?|access-date=2 April 2019|newspaper=The Times of India}}</ref> Raghava Lawrence is back with the fourth movie in the series – ''[[Kanchana 3|Muni 4: Kanchana 3: Kaali]]'' (2019), with the new change being three heroines.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-19|title=Kanchana 3 movie review: Raghava Lawrence's film is loud, annoying and barely entertaining horror-thriller|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kanchana-3-review-and-rating-raghava-lawrence-s-film-is-loud-annoying-and-barely-entertaining-horror-thriller/story-3lVO3dLgCfqpXlWGpSrl9N.html|access-date=2020-07-25|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=31 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531113107/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/kanchana-3-review-and-rating-raghava-lawrence-s-film-is-loud-annoying-and-barely-entertaining-horror-thriller/story-3lVO3dLgCfqpXlWGpSrl9N.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film has received a good collections at the box office.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-23|title=Kanchana 3 Box office Collection Report: Raghava Lawrence starrer film beats Kalank, Jersey|url=https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-kanchana-3-box-office-collection-report-raghava-lawrence-starrer-film-beats-kalank-jersey-95895|access-date=2020-10-13|website=Zee Business|archive-date=14 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214134344/https://www.zeebiz.com/india/news-kanchana-3-box-office-collection-report-raghava-lawrence-starrer-film-beats-kalank-jersey-95895|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2020, he made his directorial debut in [[Hindi cinema]] with film, ''[[Laxmii]],'' a remake of ''Muni 2: Kanchana''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 21, 2019|title=Raghava Lawrence on exiting Laxmmi Bomb: I have no issues with Akshay Kumar|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raghava-lawrence-on-exiting-laxmmi-bomb-i-have-no-issues-with-akshay-kumar-1530890-2019-05-21|access-date=2020-10-13|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529104535/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/raghava-lawrence-on-exiting-laxmmi-bomb-i-have-no-issues-with-akshay-kumar-1530890-2019-05-21|url-status=live}}</ref>

On November 10, 2023, the movie ''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]'', featuring actors Raghava Lawrence and SJ Suryah in the lead roles, was released as a prequel to the original film, ''[[Jigarthanda (2014 film)|Jigarthanda]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2023-11-10 |title=Dhanush's Reviews on Jigarthanda Double X Movie |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/dhanushs-reviews-on-jigarthanda-double-x-movie-836678 |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=english |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110110554/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/dhanushs-reviews-on-jigarthanda-double-x-movie-836678 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On 14 April, 2024, it was announced that Lawrence will be starring in a film titled ''[[Benz (film)|Benz]]'', directed by [[Bakkiyaraj Kannan]] and written and produced by [[Lokesh Kanagaraj]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-14 |title=Lokesh Kanagaraj's new venture with Raghava Lawrence and Bakkiyaraj Kannan titled Benz |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/lokesh-kanagarajs-new-venture-with-raghava-lawrence-and-bakkiyaraj-kannan-titled-benz-101713076324080.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>,which was confirmed as a part of the [[Lokesh Cinematic Universe]] in October 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Akshay |date=2024-10-29 |title=Raghava Lawrence's Benz is officially a part of LCU |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Oct/29/raghava-lawrences-benz-is-officially-a-part-of-lcu |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Social work==
In 2015, after the death of former [[President of India|Indian president]] [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]], Lawrence set up a charity trust in his name and made a donation of {{INRConvert|1|c}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawrence donates 1cr |url=http://www.ratingvilas.com/telugu/movies/news/ragavalawrence-donates-money |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164814/http://www.ratingvilas.com/telugu/movies/news/ragavalawrence-donates-money |archive-date=8 December 2015 |df=dmy }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Raghava Lawrence launches Abdul Kalam Trust, donates Rs 1 cr|work=Hindustan Times|date=August 4, 2015|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/raghava-lawrence-launches-abdul-kalam-trust-donates-rs-1-cr/article1-1376396.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150806221957/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/raghava-lawrence-launches-abdul-kalam-trust-donates-rs-1-cr/article1-1376396.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 August 2015}}</ref>

He did many social service activities in which he has aided many heart surgeries for small children.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinibytes.com/tamil/raghava-lawrence-helped-a-child-in-heart-surgery-607.html|title=Raghava Lawrence helped a child in heart surgery|website=Cinibytes.com|access-date=18 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406090147/http://www.cinibytes.com/tamil/raghava-lawrence-helped-a-child-in-heart-surgery-607.html|archive-date=6 April 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://movies.sulekha.com/lawrence_actor-event-photo_raghava-lawrence-helped-128th-heart-surgery_picture_1|title=Page 1 of Raghava Lawrence Helped 128th Heart Surgery, Raghava Lawrence Helped 128th Heart Surgery Photos|website=Movies.sulekha.com|access-date=18 April 2016|archive-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329062607/http://movies.sulekha.com/lawrence_actor-event-photo_raghava-lawrence-helped-128th-heart-surgery_picture_1|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kollyzone.org/2016/03/raghava-lawrence-helped-a-child-in-heart-surgery-128th-heart-surgery-done-by-raghava-lawrence|title=Raghava Lawrence helped a child in heart surgery, 128thh heart surgery done by Raghava Lawrence — Serials online SunTv VijayTv Polimer RajTv News|date=15 March 2016|website=Kollyzone.org|access-date=18 April 2016|archive-date=29 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329112813/http://kollyzone.org/2016/03/raghava-lawrence-helped-a-child-in-heart-surgery-128th-heart-surgery-done-by-raghava-lawrence/|url-status=dead}}</ref> He was one of the supporters of the bull-riding sport [[jallikattu]] after its ban in 2017. During a [[2017 pro-jallikattu protests|protest]] in Tamil Nadu in January 2017, he provided food, medicine and basic needs to the protesters and promised to support them until the protests were over.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/for-jallikattu-ar-rahman-will-fast-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-and-sadhuguru-jaggi-vasudeva-lend-support-1650625|title=For Jallikattu, AR Rahman To Fast, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar And Sadhguru Jaggi Vasudeva Say Ban Must End|website=Ndtv.com|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=3 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403010108/https://www.ndtv.com/tamil-nadu-news/for-jallikattu-ar-rahman-will-fast-sri-sri-ravi-shankar-and-sadhuguru-jaggi-vasudeva-lend-support-1650625|url-status=live}}</ref> He asked for an appointment with [[List of chief ministers of Kerala|Kerala chief minister]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]] to donate 1 crore as relief fund for the [[2018 Kerala floods|Kerala flood]] victims.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-director-raghava-lawrence-donate-rs-1-crore-kerala-87105 |title=Actor-director Raghava Lawrence to donate 1 crore for Kerala |work=News Minute |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190124034551/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-director-raghava-lawrence-donate-rs-1-crore-kerala-87105 |archive-date=24 January 2019 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kerala-floods-actor-turned-choreographer-raghava-lawrence-to-donate-rs-1-crore-towards-relief-fund/articleshow/65513262.cms|title=Kerala floods: Choreographer-turned-actor Raghava Lawrence to donate Rs 1 crore towards relief fund|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2 April 2019|archive-date=31 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131111951/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/kerala-floods-actor-turned-choreographer-raghava-lawrence-to-donate-rs-1-crore-towards-relief-fund/articleshow/65513262.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Film director===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of films as director
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year !! scope="col" | Film !! scope="col" | Language !! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2004 || ''[[Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]'' || rowspan="2" | [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
|2006
|''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]''
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2007 || ''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
|''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
|2011 || ''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' || Tamil ||Also producer
|-
|2012 || ''[[Rebel (2012 film)|Rebel]]'' || Telugu ||
|-
|2015 || ''[[Kanchana 2]]'' || rowspan="2" | Tamil || rowspan="2" |Also producer
|-
|2019 || ''[[Kanchana 3]]''
|-
|2020 || ''[[Laxmii]]'' || [[Hindi language|Hindi]] || A remake of ''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]'' (2011)
|-
|2026 || {{Pending film|[[Kanchana 4]]}} || Tamil || Filming; also producer<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/mega-exclusive-manish-shah-goldmine-telefilms-gets-back-producing-films-pushpa-rise-part-01-backs-kanchana-4-starring-pooja-hegde-nora-fatehi-raghava-lawrence/|title=MEGA EXCLUSIVE: Manish Shah of Goldmine Telefilms gets back to producing films after Pushpa: The Rise – Part 01; backs Kanchana 4 starring Pooja Hegde, Nora Fatehi, Raghava Lawrence : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|date=24 January 2025}}</ref>
|}

===Actor===
* ''All films are in Tamil language, unless otherwise note''

{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of acting performances in film
|- style="background:#ccc;"
! Year !! Film !! Role(s) !! Notes
|-
| 1999
|''[[Speed Dancer]]''|| Seenu || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film
|-
| 2000
|''[[Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven]]''|| Ganapathi ||
|-
| 2000
|''[[Parthen Rasithen]]''|| Doss ||
|-
| 2001
|''[[Parthale Paravasam]]''|| Azhagu ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2002
|''[[Arpudham]]''|| Ashok Kumar ||
|-
|''[[Style (2002 film)|Style]]''|| Rishaanth ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2004
|''[[Thendral (film)|Thendral]]''|| Kumar ||
|-
|''[[Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]''|| Local gangster || Telugu film; special appearance
|-
| 2006
|''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]''|| Raghava || Telugu film
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2007
|''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]''|| Ganesh ||
|-
|''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]'' || Raghava || Telugu film
|-
|2008
|''[[Pandi (film)|Pandi]]''|| Pandi ||
|-
|2009
|''[[Rajadhi Raja (2009 film)|Rajadhi Raja]]'' || Raja ||
|-
| 2010
|''[[Irumbukkottai Murattu Singam]]''|| Singam & Singaram{{efn|name=dual role|Lawrence plays a dual role films.}}||[[Dual role]]
|-
| 2011
|''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]''
| Raghava ||
|-
| 2015
|''[[Kanchana 2]]''
| Raghava & Shiva{{efn|name=dual role}}|| Dual role
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2017
|''[[Motta Siva Ketta Siva]]''|| [[Assistant Commissioner of Police|ACP]] Shivakumar || Also playback singer for song "Motta Paiyan"
|-
|''[[Shivalinga (2017 film)|Shivalinga]]'' || Shivalingeswaran ||
|-
| 2019
|''[[Kanchana 3]]''
| Raghava & Kaali{{efn|name=dual role}}|| Dual role
|-
| rowspan="3" |2023
|''[[Rudhran]]''
| Rudhran ||<ref>{{Citation |title=Rudhran First Look Wall Poster |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcd2KyZj05Q |language=en |access-date=2022-06-30 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630084929/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bcd2KyZj05Q&feature=youtu.be |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chandramukhi 2]]''
|Pandian & Sengottaiyan Vettaiyan{{efn|name=dual role}}
|Dual role
|-
|''[[Jigarthanda DoubleX]]''
|Alliyus "Alliyan" Caesar
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=Jigarthanda Double X Twitter reviews are in: Raghava Lawrence and Karthik Subbaraj film termed 'bad, bold and mad' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jigarthanda-double-x-movie-review-twitter-karthik-subbaraj-raghava-lawrence-101699606474632.html |access-date=2023-11-10 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110110709/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema/jigarthanda-double-x-movie-review-twitter-karthik-subbaraj-raghava-lawrence-101699606474632.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="5" |TBA
| {{Pending film|Adhigaram}}
|{{TBA}}
|Filming<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-adhigaram-shooting-to-begin-soon/articleshow/91177345.cms | title=Raghava Lawrence's Adhigaram shooting to begin soon | website=[[The Times of India]] | access-date=8 August 2022 | archive-date=8 August 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808234814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/raghava-lawrences-adhigaram-shooting-to-begin-soon/articleshow/91177345.cms | url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|[[Benz (film)|Benz]]}}
|{{TBA}}
|Filming<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/actor-raghava-lawrence-enters-lokesh-kanagaraj-cinematic-universe-as-dangerous-chef-with-benz-2625418-2024-10-30|title = Actor Raghava Lawrence enters Lokesh Kanagaraj's cinematic universe with Benz}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Kaala Bhairava}}
|{{TBA}}
|Filming<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/raghava-lawrence-announces-next-tamil-movie-titled-kaala-bhairava/cid/2059338|title = Raghava Lawrence announces next Tamil movie titled Kaala Bhairava}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|Bullet}}
| Kingstar
|Post-production<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2024/Dec/30/elviin-and-raghava-lawrences-bullet-wraps-filming|title = Elviin and Raghava Lawrence's Bullet wraps filming}}</ref>
|-
| {{Pending film|[[Kanchana 4]]}}
| {{TBA}}
|Filming<ref name="auto"/>
|}

===Dancer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of dancing performances in film
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" class=unsortable| Notes
|-
| rowspan="3"|1993
|''[[Uzhaippali]]''|| "Uzhaippali Illatha" || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
|''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''|| "Chikku Bukku Rayile" ||
|-
|''[[Mutha Mestri]]''|| "Ee Pettakku" || Telugu ||
|-
| 1994
|''[[Chinna Madam]]''|| "Kora Kizhangukku Kodi" || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 1995
|''[[Thai Thangai Paasam]]''|| "Roopu Tera Masthana" ||
|-
| 1996
|''[[Akka Bagunnava]]''|| "Aalesha Deko Pyaree" || rowspan="4" | Telugu ||
|-
| 1997
|''[[Hitler (1997 film)|Hitler]]''|| "Nadaka Kalisina Navaraatri" ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|1998
|''Prema Pallaki''|| "Kannepilla Pongulu " ||
|-
|''[[Suryudu]]''|| "Manasu Mamatha" ||
|-
| 1999
|''[[Amarkkalam]]''|| "Maha Ganapathi" || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2000
|''[[Thirunelveli (film)|Thirunelveli]]''|| "Yele Azhagamma" || Tamil ||
|-
|''[[Kshemamga Velli Labhamga Randi]]''|| "Lovvuki Age" || rowspan="3" | Telugu ||
|-
| ''[[Hands Up (2000 film)|Hands Up]]'' || "Jaana Jaana" ||
|-
|''[[Chala Bagundi]]''|| "Yentabagundi Basu" ||
|-
|''[[Unnai Kodu Ennai Tharuven]]''|| "Sollu Thalaiva" || Tamil ||
|-
|''Bagunnara?''|| "Tirumala Tirupati Venkatesa" || Telugu ||
|-
| 2001
|''[[Asura (2001 film)|Asura]]''|| "Maha Ganapathi" || Kannada ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2002
|''[[Varushamellam Vasantham]]''|| "Naan Ready Neenga Readya" || rowspan="3" | Tamil ||
|-
|''[[Roja Kootam]]''|| "Subbamma" ||
|-
|''[[Baba (2002 film)|Baba]]''|| "Maya Maya" ||
|-
| rowspan="6"|2003
|''[[Ninne Istapaddanu]]''|| "Krishna Zilla" || rowspan="4" | Telugu ||
|-
|''[[Satyam (2003 film)|Satyam]]''|| "Kuch Kuch" ||
|-
|''[[Naaga]]''|| "Nayudori Pilla" ||
|-
|''[[Andhrawala]]''|| "Naire Naire" ||
|-
|''[[Pudhiya Geethai]]''|| "Annamalai" || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
|''[[Thirumalai]]''|| "Thaamthakka Dheemthakka" ||
|-
| 2004
|''[[Mass (2004 film)|Mass]]''|| "Mass" || Telugu ||
|-
| 2010
|''[[Pen Singam]]''|| "Adi Aadi Asaiyum Iduppu" || rowspan="2" | Tamil ||
|-
| 2014
|''[[Kathai Thiraikathai Vasanam Iyakkam]]''|| "Live The Moment" ||
|}

===Television===
* ''Masthaana Masthaana Part II'' (2007)

== Discography ==
=== As a playback singer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#f5f5f5;"
|+ List of films as a playback singer
! scope="col" | Song(s)
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Composer
|-
|Thala Suttuthe Maamu
|2007
|''[[Muni (film)|Muni]]''
|[[Bharadwaj (composer)| Bharadwaj]]
|-
|Motta Motta Paiyyan
|rowspan="2" | 2017
|rowspan="2" |''[[Motta Siva Ketta Siva]]''
|rowspan="2" |[[Amresh Ganesh]]
|-
|Lo Lo Lo Local
|-
|}

=== As a music composer ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of films as music composer
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
! scope="col" |Notes
|-
|2007
|''[[Don (2007 film)|Don]]''||rowspan="2"|Telugu||rowspan="2"|Songs only; score composed by S. Chinna
|-
|2012
|''[[Rebel (2012 film)|Rebel]]''
|}

===As lyricist===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Song
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2011||''Kanchana'' ||"Nillu Nillu" ||
|-
|}

==Accolades==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[Filmfare Awards South]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South|Best Choreography]]
| ''[[ Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]''
|2000
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''[[Paarthale Paravasam]]''
|2001
|{{won}}
|<ref name="indiatimes-49-filmfare">{{cite web |title=49th Annual Filmfare Awards - South Winners |url=http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/winners.html |date=2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050505234654/http://downloads.movies.indiatimes.com/south2001/winners.html |archive-date=5 May 2005}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''
|2002
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://portal.bsnl.in/intranetnews.asp?url=/bsnl/asp/content%20mgmt/html%20content/entertainment/entertainment14489.html |title=Manikchand Filmfare Awards: Sizzling at 50 |publisher=[[BSNL]] |access-date=2009-10-19 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721152719/http://portal.bsnl.in/intranetnews.asp?url=%2Fbsnl%2Fasp%2Fcontent%20mgmt%2Fhtml%20content%2Fentertainment%2Fentertainment14489.html |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]''
|2006
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movietidbits/filmfareawards_aug0407.php |title=Filmfare Awards presented |website=[[Telugucinema.com]] |access-date=2009-08-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303151528/http://www.telugucinema.com/c/publish/movietidbits/filmfareawards_aug0407.php |archive-date=3 March 2009 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Nandi Awards]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Nandi Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
|''[[Annayya (2000 film)|Annayya]]''
|2000
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''[[Indra (2002 film)|Indra]]''
|2002
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''[[Style (2006 film)|Style]]''
|2006
|{{won}}
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Choreographer|Best Choreographer]]
|''[[Kannupada Poguthaiya]]''
|1999
|{{won}}
|
|-
|''[[Kanchana (2011 film)|Kanchana]]''
|2011
|{{won}}
|<ref>{{cite news |date=14 July 2017 |title=TN Govt. announces Tamil Film Awards for six years |newspaper=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |access-date=19 February 2023 |archive-date=15 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615081711/http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Vijay Awards]]
|[[5th Vijay Awards#Award winners and nominees|Social Responsibility]]
|{{dash}}
|2010
|{{won}}
|
|}

==Notes==
{{noteslist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=0706485|name=Raghavendra}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110202013720/http://lctchennai.com/ Lawrence Charitable Trust]

{{Raghava Lawrence}}{{Filmfare Award for Best Choreography – South}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lawrence, Raghava}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Indian film choreographers]]
[[Category:Tamil film directors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Tamil film score composers]]
[[Category:Telugu film score composers]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:1976 births]]

Malvika Bansod

2026-03-26T22:00:32Z

LavernRuss601: done...

{{Short description|Indian badminton player (born 2001)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox badminton player
| name = Malvika Bansod
| image = Malvika Bansod (cropped).jpg
| caption = Bansod in 2019
| birth_name =
| country = India
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|2001|9|15}}
| birth_place = [[Nagpur]], Maharashtra, India
| handedness = Left
| years_active = 2019–present
| coach = Vignesh Devlekar<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-11 |title=All England: How with long rallies and tall tosses, Malvika Bansod ousted World No 12 Yeo Jia Min |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/all-england-how-malvika-bansod-beat-world-no-12-yeo-jia-min-9881532/lite/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
| event = Women's singles
| career_record = 99 wins, 79 losses
| highest_ranking = 22
| highest_ranking_date = 1 April 2025
| current_ranking = 52
| current_ranking_date = 24 March 2026
| bwfbadminton_id = 88471
}}

'''Malvika Bansod''' (born 15 September 2001) is an Indian [[badminton]] player who plays for the [[India national badminton team|national team]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-12 |title=All England: How with long rallies and tall tosses, Malvika Bansod ousted World No 12 Yeo Jia Min |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/all-england-how-malvika-bansod-beat-world-no-12-yeo-jia-min-9881532/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bansod was born on 15 September 2001 in [[Nagpur|Nagpur, Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-03-28 |title=Malvika Bansod: A story of tenacity and success in badminton |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nagpur/malvika-bansod-a-story-of-tenacity-and-success-in-badminton/articleshow/119612312.cms |access-date=2025-08-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She studied at Mother's Pet Kindergarten and Centre Point School, Nagpur. She took up badminton when she was eight years old.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=PTI|title=Malvika Bansod: 'Need to gain strength and power to break into top 100'|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/malvika-bansod-badminton-maldives-international-break-into-top-100/article29565835.ece|access-date=2021-02-17|website=Sportstar|date=October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> Her mother is a dentist.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-17 |title=Malvika Bansod, a computer engineer, also a badminton player looking to qualify for Olys |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/badminton/which-indian-it-major-can-step-forward-to-help-this-computer-engineer-one-of-their-own-make-it-to-the-olympics-9888262/ |access-date=2025-08-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
== Career ==
=== Beginnings (2018–2019) ===
Bansod won titles at state championships in the U-13 and U-17 age groups.<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=मालविका बंसोड़: क्लास रूम से लेकर बैडमिंटन कोर्ट में धमाल मचाती सनसनी |url=https://www.bbc.com/hindi/sport-55881650 |access-date=2021-02-17 |work=BBC News हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref> In 2018, she won selection tournaments to represent India at the World Junior Championship in Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-10-01|title=Second consecutive title for Malvika Bansod|url=https://thebridge.in/badminton/second-consecutive-title-for-malvika-bansod-in-world-championship-selection-tourney/|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Bridge|language=en-GB}}</ref> In December 2018, she was the winner at the South Asian Regional U-21 Championship at Kathmandu Nepal, both in individual and team events.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suhas Nayse|date=Dec 3, 2018|title=Malvika Bansod completes grand double in South Asian U-21 Regional Badminton Championship at Nepal {{!}} Badminton News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/malvika-bansod-completes-grand-double-in-south-asian-u-21-regional-badminton-championship-at-nepal/articleshow/66915268.cms|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, she won the All India senior and junior ranking tournaments.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suhas Nayse|date=Apr 22, 2019|title=Malvika Bansod beats Purva Barve to win All India Senior Ranking Badminton crown {{!}} Badminton News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/malvika-bansod-beats-purva-barve-to-win-all-india-senior-ranking-badminton-crown/articleshow/68989828.cms|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> In the same year, she won a bronze medal at the Bulgarian Junior International Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sportstar|first=Team|title=Indian junior shuttlers win 3 gold, a silver and 2 bronze at Bulgarian Open|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/badminton/indian-junior-shuttlers-win-3-gold-a-silver-and-2-bronze-at-bulgarian-open/article28983874.ece|access-date=2021-02-17|website=Sportstar|date=11 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

=== Senior international debut (2019) ===
Bansod made her senior international debut in September and won the Maldives International Future Series tournament. She then won the Annapurna Post International Series in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suhas Nayse|date=Sep 23, 2019|title=Malvika Bansod wins badminton title on international debut in Maldives {{!}} Badminton News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/malvika-bansod-wins-badminton-title-on-international-debut-in-maldives/articleshow/71253261.cms|access-date=2021-02-17|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> She won a bronze at the Bahrain International Series in October.

=== Rise in ranking (2021–2025) ===
In 2021, Bansod played the Austrian Open International Series but was defeated by [[Clara Azurmendi]] in the quarterfinal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2021 |title=Shuttler Malvika Bansod ends Austrian Open campaign with quarterfinal loss {{!}} Badminton News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/badminton/shuttler-malvika-bansod-ends-austrian-open-campaign-with-quarterfinal-loss/articleshow/83088472.cms |access-date=2021-06-07 |website=The Times of India |language=en |agency=PTI}}</ref> In 2022, she played her first BWF Super 500 tournament at the [[2022 India Open (badminton)|2022 India Open]], where she beat icon [[Saina Nehwal]] and progressed to the quarterfinals. She then participated in the [[2022 Syed Modi International]], where she progressed to the finals. She lost in the finals in straight games to [[P. V. Sindhu]]. In the [[2022 Odisha Open]], she made it to the semi-finals, which she lost to [[Unnati Hooda]] in two close games. With her consistent results in these three tournaments, she attained a career-high world ranking of 61.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malvika BANSOD {{!}} Profile |url=https://bwfbadminton.com/player/88471/malvika-bansod |access-date=2021-02-17 |website=bwfbadminton.com}}</ref> In 2024, Bansod reached the final of [[Hylo Open]] but lost to [[Mia Blichfeldt]] and finished as the runner up.

== Achievements ==

=== World Tour (2 runners-up) ===
The BWF World Tour, which was announced in March 2017 and implemented in 2018,<ref>{{cite web |last=Alleyne |first=Gayle |title=BWF Launches New Events Structure |url=http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |publisher=[[Badminton World Federation]] |date=19 March 2017 |access-date=29 November 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201164159/http://bwfbadminton.com/news-single/2017/03/19/bwf-launches-new-event-structure/ |archive-date=1 December 2017}}</ref> is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the [[Badminton World Federation]]. The BWF World Tours are divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the BWF World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sukumar |first=Dev |title=Action-Packed Season Ahead! |url=http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |publisher=Badminton World Federation|date=10 January 2018 |access-date=15 January 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113162925/http://bwfworldtour.com/news-single/2018/01/10/action-packed-season-ahead/ |archive-date=13 January 2018}}</ref>

''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Level
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|-
| align="center" | [[2022 Syed Modi International#Finals 2|2022]]
| align="left" | [[Syed Modi International Badminton Championships|Syed Modi International]]
| align="left" | Super 300
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[P. V. Sindhu]]
| align="left" | 13–21, 16–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" |{{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|-
| align="center" | [[2024 Hylo Open#Finals 2|2024]]
| align="left" | [[Hylo Open]]
| align="left" | Super 300
| align="left" | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Mia Blichfeldt]]
| align="left" | 10–21, 15–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|}

=== International Challenge / Series (5 titles, 1 runner-up) ===
''Women's singles''
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! Year
! Tournament
! Opponent
! Score
! Result
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
| align="center" | 2019
| [[Maldives International#Future Series|Maldives International]]
| {{flagicon|MYA}} [[Thet Htar Thuzar]]
| 21–13, 21–11
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- bgcolor="#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2019
| [[Nepal International]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gayatri Gopichand]]
| 21–14, 21–8
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- bgcolor="#D5D5D5"
| align="center" | 2021
| [[Uganda International]]
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Anupama Upadhyaya]]
| 17–21, 25–23, 21–10
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9"
| align="center" | 2021
| [[Lithuanian International]]
| {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Rachael Darragh]]
| 21–14, 21–11
| bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2022
| align="left" | [[Italian International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|TPE}} [[Hsu Wen-chi]]
| 9–21, 11–21
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{silver2}} '''Runner-up'''
|- style="background:#D8CEF6"
| align="center" | 2024
| align="left" | [[Azerbaijan International (badminton)|Azerbaijan International]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Tanya Hemanth]]
| align="left" | 21–15, 22–20
| style="text-align:left; background:white" | {{gold1}} '''Winner'''
|}
: {{Color box|#D8CEF6|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Challenge]] tournament
: {{Color box|#D5D5D5|border=darkgray}} [[BWF International Series]] tournament
: {{Color box|#E9E9E9|border=darkgray}} [[BWF Future Series]] tournament

== See also ==
* [[Badminton in India]]
* [[India national badminton team]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Sports links}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bansod, Malvika}}
[[Category:2001 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female badminton players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Nagpur]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games badminton players for India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]

India at the 2017 World Games

2026-03-26T12:38:36Z

LavernRuss601: made a data initial version!

{{Infobox country at games
| games = World Games
| games_link = 2017 World Games
| year = 2017
| NOC = IND
| NOCname = [[Indian Olympic Association]]
| competitors = 5
| sports = 4
| flagbearer =
| officials =
| location = [[Wrocław]], Poland
| start_date = 20 July 2017
| end_date = 30 July 2017
| gold =
| silver =
| bronze =
| rank =
| appearances =
| website =
}}
India competed at the [[2017 World Games]] held in [[Wrocław]], Poland, from 20 to 30 July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.theworldgames.org/the-world-games/wroclaw-poland-2017 |title=World Games 2017 |access-date=14 July 2017 |archive-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023151/http://www.theworldgames.org/the-world-games/wroclaw-poland-2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Indian delegation consisted of five athletes (one woman and four men).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldgames2017.sportresult.com/hide/en/-120/Participant/List?letter=&countryId=IND&disciplineId=&eventId=&gender=&isTeam=false&isGrid=false&page=0&itemNumbers=25|title=Info System|work=World Games 2017|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=12 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912192904/https://worldgames2017.sportresult.com/hide/en/-120/Participant/List?letter=&countryId=IND&disciplineId=&eventId=&gender=&isTeam=false&isGrid=false&page=0&itemNumbers=25|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Indian team failed to win any medal in the Games.

== Competitors ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! width=150|Sport
! width=45|Men
! width=45|Women
! width=45|Total
|-
|[[Archery at the 2017 World Games|Archery]]
|1
|0
|1
|-
|[[Billiards at the 2017 World Games|Billiards]]
|1
|0
|1
|-
|[[Dancesport at the 2017 World Games|Dancesport]]
|1
|1
|2
|-
|[[Sumo at the 2017 World Games|Sumo]]
|1
|0
|1
|- class="sortbottom"
! Total
! 4
! 1
! 5
|}

== Archery ==
{{Main|Archery at the 2017 World Games}}
India qualified one athlete for the Games. [[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]] got an entry due to having placed tenth in World Ranking list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://documents.worldarchery.org/Events/World_Games/Wroclaw_2017/17_WROCLAW_WG_QUALIFICATION_Tracker.pdf|title=Compound Archery Qualification List for World Games 2017|access-date=1 June 2017|work=[[World Archery]]}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
! rowspan="2" |Athlete
! rowspan="2" |Event
! colspan="2" |Qualification
! rowspan="2" |Round 32
! rowspan="2" |Round 16
! rowspan="2" |Quarterfinals
! rowspan="2" |Semifinal
! rowspan="2" |Final
! rowspan="2" |Rank
|-
!Score
!Rank
|- align=center
|align-left|[[Abhishek Verma (archer)|Abhishek Verma]]
|[[Archery at the 2017 World Games – Men's individual compound|Men's Compound]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldgames2017.sportresult.com/hide/en/-120/Comp/DetailedScheduleByEvent?sportCode=ARM002000|title=Info System: Compound Archery Men's Individual|work=World Games 2017|access-date=31 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|703
|12
|{{flagicon|CRO}} [[Ivan Markeš|Markeš]] '''L''' 146–147
|colspan="5" {{n/a|Did not advance}}
|}

== Billiards ==
{{Main|Billiards at the 2017 World Games}}
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!Athlete
!Event
!Round 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!Final
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Aditya Mehta]]
|[[Snooker at the 2017 World Games – mixed singles|Mixed Snooker]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://worldgames2017.sportresult.com/hide/en/-120/Comp/DetailedScheduleByEvent?sportCode=BIX003000|title=Info System: Mixed Snooker|work=World Games 2017|access-date=21 July 2017}}{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|{{flagicon|POL}} [[Kacper Filipiak|Filipiak]] '''L''' 1–3
|colspan=4 {{n/a|Did not advance}}
|}

== Dancesport ==
{{Main|Dancesport at the 2017 World Games}}
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!Athlete
!Event
!First Round
!Hope Round
!Semifinal
!Final
!Rank
|-align=center
|align=left|[[Swapnil Londhe]] [[Tanushree Rakshit]]
|[[Dancesport at the 2017 World Games – Rock'n'Roll|Rock'n'Roll]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://worldgames2017.sportresult.com/hide/en/-120/Comp/DetailedScheduleByEvent?sportCode=DSX004000|title=Info System: Dance Sports Rock 'n' Roll|work=World Games 2017|access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref>
|2.4
|7.44
|–16.65
|colspan="2" {{n/a|Did not qualify}}
|}

== Sumo ==
{{Main|Sumo at the 2017 World Games}}
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
!Athlete
!Event
!Round of 16
!Quarterfinal
!Semifinal
!Repechage
!Final
!Rank
|-align=center
|rowspan="2" align=left|[[Jaskanwar Singh]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theworldgames2017.com/en/twg-2017-participants/|title=Info System: Sumo|work=World Games 2017|access-date=21 July 2017|archive-date=28 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728124532/https://theworldgames2017.com/en/twg-2017-participants/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[Sumo at the 2017 World Games – Men's middleweight|Middleweight]]
|colspan="6" rowspan="2" {{n/a|Did not start}}
|-
|Openweight
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Nations at the 2017 World Games|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Nations at the 2017 World Games]]
[[Category:India at the World Games|2017]]
[[Category:2017 in Indian sport]]

Jaideep Chopra

2026-03-26T09:48:52Z

LavernRuss601: update details further and corrected details for consistency

{{Short description|Indian film director, producer and writer}}
{{cleanup rewrite|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Jaidep Chopra''' (born 1971) is an Indian film director, producer and writer.[[File:On shoot .jpg|alt=Mumbai (India)|thumb|160x160px|Jaidep Chopra]]
His first film, ''[[Maazii]]'', was released in September 2013.<ref>[http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2013/sep/230913-big-budget-does-not-make-a-film-a-hit-jaideep-chopra.htm Big budget does not make a film a hit: Jaideep Chopra]</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jha|first=Subhash|title=Subhash K Jha speaks about Maazii|url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5553|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930082822/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movies/features/type/view/id/5553|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 September 2013|work=Critic review|publisher=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|accessdate=26 November 2013}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!! Film!! Director
!Executive Producer!! Producer
!Status
|-
|27 September 2013
| ''[[Maazii (2013 film)|Maazii]]''
| rowspan="2" | Jaideep Chopra
|
| rowspan="2" |Jaideep Chopra Productions
|Released
|-
|6 October 2017
|''[[2016 The End]]''
|
|Released
|-
|February 2018
|''Life''
|Jaideep Chopra
|
|Jaideep Chopra Productions
|On YouTube
|-
|May 2018
|''Mangalsutra''
|Jaideep Chopra
|
|Jaideep Chopra Productions
|Sent for Festivals
|-
|2021
|Ktina
|
|Jaideep Chopra
|Balaji Telefilms
|Post Production
|-
|Year 2021–2022
|Sangeen
|Jaideep Chopra
|
|Ak Projekts & Golden Era films
|Post Production
|-
|2023
|UTURN
|
|Jaideep Chopra
|Balaji Telefilms
|Released
|-
|2024
|The Loose Noose
|Vansh Chopra
|
|Jaideep Chopra
Sanjay Laul
|Festivals
|-
|2024
|Kaleidoscope
|Vansh Chopra
|
|Jaideep Chopra
Sanjay Laul
|Festivals
|}

==Career in telecommunication (1996-present)==
Jaideep Chopra completed his schooling in [[New Delhi]] and later came to Mumbai to pursue engineering. Putting his education to use, he started his own small scale manufacturing plant and which over a span of six years churned out all kinds of electronic products ranging from doorbells to mobile phone chargers. From accessories, he entered the telecommunication industry on a full-fledged scale and became one of the first people to bring Chinese mobile phones to India and introduce inexpensive mobile phones to the masses.

He then partnered with the Chinese brand G'Five and with his support and effective marketing strategies, in 2010, G'Five mobiles became the second largest selling brand of mobile phones in India.<ref>{{cite web|author=Sukhdeep|title=IDC: G'Five is now the second largest mobile phone seller in India!|url=http://broadband.techwhack.com/2007-g’five|work=IDC Report|publisher=Broadband, Telecom and DTH in India|accessdate=12 October 2012}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=China's G'Five: Dark Horse of Indian mobile phone market|url=http://indiatechonline.com/gfive-mobiles-in-india-380.php|work=Article|publisher=India Tech Online|accessdate=12 October 2012|archive-date=25 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120725172327/http://indiatechonline.com/gfive-mobiles-in-india-380.php|url-status=dead}}</ref> Chopra has been publicly credited with the success of G'Five in India and was made the Vice President of G'Five International in this honor.

==Career in films (2012 – present)==
Having lived in Mumbai during his engineering college days, Bollywood always held a special charm for Chopra and he dreamt of being associated with the film industry from a very young age. However, since he did not know anybody in the industry personally and did not see himself beginning at the grassroots level, he shelved his dream for a later day. He spent the next few years exploring and being established in the telecom industry. He saw a potential story in every incident and a potential character in every person. He then realized that the time had come to bring his dream to life.

Jaideep Chopra is an established director in India. He has directed two Hindi movies, 28 T.V commercials, two short films
In 2012-2013 he directed and co-produced his first film ''[[Maazii]]'' , written by [[Sumit Nijhawan]] and Shirish Sharma and co-produced and marketed by FilmyBox. Despite limited marketing and a small release, the film received great critical acclaim from film critics, and Chopra's work was compared to the "stylish thrillers of B.R. Chopra like ''Dhund'' and ''Ittefaq''". ''Maazii'' was touted as the "shocking surprise of the season".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://in.movies.yahoo.com/news/maazii-raw-stylish-surprise-season-ians-movie-review-101403376.html|title=Maazii: Raw, stylish surprise of the season|last=Jha|first=Subhash|publisher=IANS|accessdate=27 November 2013}}</ref>

The film won several awards, such as Best Independent Movie of 2013 by IBN7 Live, the Award of Excellence at the Indian Cine Film Festival Los Angeles 2014, an honorable mention at Sunset Film Festival Los Angeles 2014, a special festive mention at the Indian Cine Film Festival 2014 Mumbai, an official selection at Dada Saheb Phalke Film Festival 2014 Delhi, and a nomination for best song in raga based category by [[Radio Mirchi]].

In 2014 he was a part of the jury at Delhi International Shorts Film festival 2014. He was also Guest of Honour and Member of Jury at the Sixth Dada Saheb Film Festival held on 30 April 2016 in New Delhi.

[[2016 The End]] was his second project as a Director and his first as a Writer. The script of the film was his inspiration on living your life in present without the worries of tomorrow. The story of ''[[2016 The End]]'' revolves around some friends who realise that the world will end in seven days and then they set out to fulfil their desires. It was a 2 hr 10 min Hindi comedy film which was released by PVR Pictures in October 2017 starring [[Harshad Chopda]], [[Priya Banerjee]], [[Divyendu Sharma]] and [[Kiku Sharda]]. The film received good critical acclaim and also received 2.5 to 3.5 star ratings.

His 2018 short movie ''Mangalsutra'' (The Symbol of Marriage) is based on a social cause to raise a voice against marital rape, which has been selected for many Film Festival.

{{As of|2021}}, Jaideep Chopra has completed shooting of film Sangeen in london Starring [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] in Main lead along with Elnaz Norouzi from Sacred Games, and music By Raftar. The Film is Slated to Release in 2021.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|id=nm5412321}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chopra, Jaideep}}
[[Category:1971 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Delhi]]
[[Category:Hindi-language film directors]]

Out of Madness

2026-03-26T06:20:15Z

LavernRuss601: started a stub more to come...

{{Promotional|date=January 2026}}{{Short description|2024 psychological thriller dark comedy novel by Rithwik Aryan}}
{{Orphan|date=August 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}

{{Infobox book
| name = Out of Madness
| image = Out of Madness Book Cover.jpg
| caption = First edition cover
| author = [[Rithwik Aryan]]
| country = India
| language = English
| genre = Psychological thriller, Dark comedy
| publisher = BluOne Ink
| release_date = November 2024
| media_type = Print (paperback), eBook
| pages = 449
| followed_by = Point Nemo
}}

'''Out of Madness''' is a 2024 psychological thriller/ dark comedy novel by Indian author Rithwik Aryan,<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title='Out of Madness' A journey through grief madness and the human condition |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/-out-of-madness-a-journey-through-grief-madness-and-the-human-condition/2167762 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=The Week |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=7 April 2025 |title="Out of Madness" is a psychological thriller that pulls no punches |url=https://www.indiatodayne.in/lifestyle/story/out-of-madness-is-a-psychological-thriller-that-pulls-no-punches-1195066-2025-04-07 |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=India Today NE |language=hi}}</ref> published by BluOne Ink. Known for its realistic and satirical portrayal of mental health, identity and scandal.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":1" />

Aryan dropped out of Harvard Extension School and spent 18 months in two of India's most dangerous mental asylums<ref>{{Cite web |title=My inmate days {{!}} Life inside two mental health institutions |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/specials/my-inmate-days-life-inside-two-mental-health-institutions-3341018 |access-date=30 January 2025 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rithwik Aryan explores mental health in men with his debut novel |url=https://t2online.in/goodlife/books/rithwik-aryan-explores-mental-health-in-men-with-his-debut-novel/1362681 |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=t2online.in |language=en}}</ref>- The Central Institute of Psychiatry in Ranchi and the Agra Mental Asylum to conduct research for Out of Madness.<ref name=":3" /> This allowed him to bring an authentic portrayal of mental health issues and the asylum environment to the novel.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=7 January 2025 |title=12 Authors Who Took Extreme Measures to Write Their Books |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/lifestyle/books/features/12-authors-who-took-extreme-measures-to-write-their-books-article-117014145 |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>

[[Times Now]] has ranked Rithwik at Number 6 along with [[George Orwell]] and [[Hunter S. Thompson]] among 12 Authors who took extreme measures to write their novels.<ref name=":2" />

== Plot ==

The novel centers around Mason Moron, a 24 year old Assistant Professor of Psychology at Nalanda University, who, after discovering his wife's infidelity stages his own death and disappears. Seeking refuge from his former life, he becomes entangled with Bahubali, a former politician turned madman artist determined to create an erotic masterpiece. As Mason's life spirals further into chaos, he is eventually institutionalized in a mental asylum, where he meets the famous actress Miss Staci, who is struggling with morphine addiction.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=LOVE, LOSS AND PSYCHE |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2025/vivacity/love--loss-and-psyche.html |access-date=30 July 2025 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref>

== Publication and reception ==
Aryan finished the novel in May 2025, six years after starting it. Out of Madness was released in November 2024. The novel was well received by critics, who praised it for its blend of dark comedy and psychological thriller elements.

Mayank Parichha of [[The New Indian Express]] wrote "''Aryan’s lack of inhibition in describing carnal desires, sexual fantasies, and intrusive thoughts is absolutely phenomenal. One can even read this novel for the author’s daring and badass writing style''"<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Parichha |first=Mayank Jain |date=16 February 2025 |title='Out of Madness' Book review: Don't hide the madness |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/lifestyle/books/2025/Feb/16/out-of-madness-book-review-dont-hide-the-madness |access-date=31 July 2025 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> while Avantika Sharma of [[India Today]] mentioned "''At times, I found myself taken back by Aryan's effortless command over certain heavy-hitting terms that would make many writers pause, perhaps even reconsider twice, or maybe several times''".<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:2024 debut novels]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian novels]]
[[Category:2020s comedy novels]]
[[Category:Indian thriller novels]]
[[Category:Indian satirical novels]]
[[Category:Indian comedy novels]]
[[Category:Psychological thriller novels]]
[[Category:Black comedy novels]]
[[Category:Realist novels]]
[[Category:Novels about mental health]]

Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology

2026-03-19T16:18:27Z

LavernRuss601: Structure improved and content revised

{{Short description|Indian university}}
{{Advertisement|date=August 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology
| former_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = or
| other_name =
| motto = ''Sā Vidyā Yā Vimuktayē'' ([[Sanskrit]])
| mottoeng = Knowledge is that which liberates
| image_name = KIIT logo.svg
| established = {{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1992}}
| type = [[Private university|Private]] ([[Deemed university]])
| founder = [[Achyuta Samanta]]
| chancellor = Ashok Kumar Parija<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pioneer |first=The |title=Parija new KIIT Chancellor |url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/parija-new-kiit-chancellor.html |access-date=2022-09-30 |website=The Pioneer |language=en}}</ref>
| vice_chancellor = Sasmita Samanta<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-25|title=KIIT T Deemed to be University Gets its New Vice-Chancellor|url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/kiit-t-deemed-to-be-university-gets-its-new-vice-chancellor/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=India Education {{!}} Latest Education News {{!}} Global Educational News {{!}} Recent Educational News|language=en-US}}</ref>
| students = 30,000 (Undergraduates and Postgraduates)
| nickname = KIITians
| faculty = 2,500<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty Profile List of KIIT|url=https://kiit.ac.in/academics/faculty/|access-date=2021-07-05|website=KIIT|language=en-US}}</ref>
| administrative_staff =
| city = [[Bhubaneswar]]
| state = [[Odisha]]
| country = India
| coor = {{Coord|20|21|10|N|85|49|10|E|region:IN-OR_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
| campus = {{convert|200|acre|km2}},<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-21|title=KIIT University|url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/kiit-university|access-date=2021-07-05|website=Times Higher Education (THE)|language=en}}</ref> [[urban area|Urban]]
| affiliation = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]], [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]], [[ABET]], [[Association of Commonwealth Universities|ACU]]
| website = {{URL|https://kiit.ac.in}}
}}
'''Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology''' ('''KIIT'''), formerly '''KIIT University''', is a private [[deemed university]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=University|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/deemeduniversitylist.aspx?id=MeAdssKCamMMhMsKch4rZw==&Unitype=Jc2qxh2PCqffjt5wPbleBA==|access-date=2021-12-27|website=www.ugc.ac.in}}</ref> located in [[Bhubaneswar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-08|title=KIIT Deemed to be University:From Excellence to Eminence|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/brandhub/kiit-deemed-to-be-universityfrom-excellence-to-eminence/article32302778.ece|access-date=2021-07-03|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Mohammad Suffian |date=July 4, 2021 |title=Tokyo Olympics: In a first, 3 athletes from KIIT University in Odisha qualify for the Games|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/odisha-kiit-university-india-athletes-olympics-dutee-chand-bhavani-devi-shivpal-singh-1823822-2021-07-04|access-date=2021-07-05|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-09-01|title=KIIT Deemed to be University Fostering a culture of quality education and research|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/brandhub/kiit-deemed-to-be-university-fostering-a-culture-of-quality-education-and-research/article32497212.ece|access-date=2021-08-24|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> It offers 34 [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]], 32 [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate]], 10 [[Integrated engineering|integrated]], 11 [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D]] programmes in the fields of science and engineering, medical science, management, law, film and media, humanities and yoga and sports'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Graduation Courses, Master Courses & Syllabus|url=https://kiit.ac.in/academics/courses/|access-date=2021-08-24|website=KIIT|language=en-US}}</ref>

It was founded in 1992 as '''Industrial Training Institute''' in Bhubaneswar with a seed revenue of ₹5000 (US$66.8).<ref name="History">{{Cite web|title=History|url=https://kiit.ac.in/about/history/|access-date=2021-07-05|website=KIIT|language=en-US}}</ref> It is part of KIIT Society which is estimated to be worth ₹10,000 Crores (US$1.3 billion) as of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-03|title=Eminence tag to two private institutes did not meet key eligibility criterion|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/education/institutions-of-eminence-kalinga-institute-of-industrial-technology-kiit-odisha-vellore-institute-of-technology-vit-tamil-nadu-6296407/|access-date=2021-12-27|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
KIIT was established in 1992 as an [[Industrial Training Institute]] with only twelve students and two faculty.<ref name="overview">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/aboutus/overview.html|title=Overview|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830145457/http://www.kiit.ac.in/aboutus/overview.html|archive-date=30 August 2011|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830145457/http://www.kiit.ac.in/aboutus/overview.html |date=30 August 2011 }}</ref> This institution was the brainchild of [[Achyuta Samanta]], C R Mishra, [[P. K. Mishra|P K Mishra]] who had envisioned a profound center of learning in India and so pursued to lay the foundation of KIIT. In 1997, the School of Technology and the School of Computer Application was established. In 2004 it was conferred the status of [[deemed university]] and renamed KIIT University.<ref name="kiit.ac.in">{{cite web | url=http://kiit.ac.in/about/accreditation.htm | title=KIIT Accreditation | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917215932/http://www.kiit.ac.in/about/accreditation.htm | archive-date=17 September 2008 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917215932/http://www.kiit.ac.in/about/accreditation.htm |date=17 September 2008 }}</ref>

The KIIT School of Biotechnology, School of Rural Management, School of Medicine and KIIT Law School were started in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/08/stories/2007110850890200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071110221439/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/08/stories/2007110850890200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 November 2007|title=KIIT claims to make it to record book|date=8 November 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2009-05-01}}</ref>

In 2017, the institute was renamed back Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, following a request from all institutes deemed to be universities not to use "university" in their title.<ref>{{cite news|title=Don't use 'university' in institute names, UGC directs deemed-to-be varsities|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/education/university-in-institute-names-ugc-directs-deemed-to-be-varsities-4938238/|access-date=1 December 2017|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=15 November 2017}}</ref>

==Campus==
The institute is located in clusters of 12 urban campuses, totalling around {{convert|200|acre|km2}} in the temple city of [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/facilities/kiitfacility.htm |title=KIIT Facilities |publisher=KIIT University |access-date=2009-05-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227064445/http://www.kiit.ac.in/facilities/kiitfacility.htm |archive-date=27 February 2009 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227064445/http://www.kiit.ac.in/facilities/kiitfacility.htm |date=27 February 2009 }}</ref>
[[File:Kiit library building.jpg|thumb|left|Central library of the institute]]

==Academics==
[[File:KIIT Bhubaneswar 8th convocation 2012.jpg|thumb|Convocation]]
KIIT has 30,000 students.<ref name="overview" /><ref>{{cite web|title=About KIIT| url=http://kiit.ac.in/about/| access-date=6 December 2017}}</ref> Each academic program is functioning in different independent campuses.

===Accreditation===
KIIT was accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council]] (NAAC) with an A grade with a score of 3.48 out of 4 points.<ref>{{cite news|title=KIIT gets NAAC 'A++' Grade accreditation|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/bhubaneswar/kiit-gets-naac-a-grade-accreditation.html|access-date=6 December 2017|work=The Pioneer|date=27 May 2016|language=en}}</ref> KIIT is a member of [[Association of Commonwealth Universities]] (ACU).<ref name="ACU">{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/article113541.ece|title=KIIT joins ACU hall of fame|date=1 May 2009|publisher=Express Buzz|access-date=2009-05-05}}</ref> [[ABET|Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET)]], USA, has accredited KIIT Deemed to be University’s six engineering programmes, [[ABET]] regarded as the ‘gold standard' for engineering education.<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/kiits-six-engineering-programmes-get-abet-us-accreditation/articleshow/112667911.cms</ref><ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/kiits-engineering-programmes-get-accreditation-board-for-engineering-and-technology-us-accreditation/cid/1887427</ref>

===Admission===
Admission to undergraduate and postgraduate programs are primarily done through the institute's entrance examination KIITEE (KIIT Entrance Examination). Admission to the MTech program are also granted through [[Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering|GATE]].<ref name="admission">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/admission/policy.htm|title=KIIT Admission Policy|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212165602/http://kiit.ac.in/admission/policy.htm|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> Students are admitted to the [[KIIT Law School|law school]] through a written all India common test known as KLSAT (KIIT Law School Admission Test). As this is a private university, admission to MBBS and BDS courses are done through donations only. For the newly introduced courses of fashion, film studies, journalism and sculpturing the admission will be done on the basis of merit of previous qualifying examinations, donations and additional experiences related to the concerned disciplines.<ref name="admission" />

===Scholarship===
The institute also grants scholarships to meritorious and needy students every year. Among them, Pradyumna Bal Memorial Scholarship is awarded to two economically challenged but meritorious students and they are provided completely free education along with ancillary expenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/students/scholar.htm|title=Scholarships awarded by KIIT|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514064929/http://www.kiit.ac.in/students/scholar.htm|archive-date=14 May 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Rankings===
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University
| QS_A_2023 = 401–500
| THE_W_2023 = 601–800
| THES_A_2022 = 201–250
| THES_E_2022 = 201–250
| NIRF_E_2021 = 42
| NIRF_U_2021 = 20
| NIRF_O_2021 = 34
| NIRF_B_2021 = 48
| NIRF_M_2021 = 30
| NIRF_L_2021 = 11
}}
Internationally, KIIT was ranked 401–500 in Asia on the ''[[QS World University Rankings]]'' of 2023.<ref name="Rankings_QS_A_2023" /> It was ranked 601–800 in the world by the ''[[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]]'' of 2023,<ref name=Rankings_THE_W_2023/> 201–250 in Asia in 2022<ref name=Rankings_THES_A_2022/> and in the same band among emerging economies.<ref name=Rankings_THES_E_2022/>

In India, it was ranked 42nd among engineering colleges by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2022,<ref name="nirfindia.org">{{Cite web |title=MoE, National Institute Ranking Framework (NIRF) |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/2022/Ranking.html |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=www.nirfindia.org}}</ref> 20th among all universities<ref name="nirfindia.org" /> and 34th overall.<ref name="nirfindia.org" /> NIRF also ranked it 48th in the management ranking,<ref name="nirfindia.org" /> 30th in medical ranking<ref name="nirfindia.org" /> and 11th in law ranking.<ref name="nirfindia.org" /> KIIT ranked 1st in India in the 2020 ARIIA Ranking published by the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development|MHRD]] under the 'Private or Self-Financed Universities' category.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARIIA 2020: Atal Ranking of Institutions on Innovation Achievements|url=https://www.ariia.gov.in/Ranking/2020/Ranking.html|access-date=2020-09-15}}</ref> In the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework|NIRF]] Rankings announced on 11 June 2020, KIIT's rank improved to 44th from 50th in the Overall category, while it was ranked 24th in the rank for University.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NIRF 2020: Odisha's KIIT ranks high in all categories much to Dr Samanta's delight|url=https://www.edexlive.com/news/2020/jun/11/nirf-2020-odishas-kiit-ranks-high-in-all-categories-much-to-dr-samantas-delight-12586.html|access-date=2020-06-11|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

=={{anchor|Schools and courses}}Schools==
[[File:KIITSOCompApp.jpg|thumb|KIIT School of Technology 1st year block]]

KIIT offers more than 100 programs in the following schools:<ref>{{cite web|title=Academics - KIIT|url=http://kiit.ac.in/academics/|website=kiit.ac.in|access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref><ref name="Schools">{{Cite web|title=Schools|url=https://kiit.ac.in/academics/schools/|access-date=2021-09-09|website=KIIT|language=en-US}}</ref>

{{Div col|content=* Science and Engineering
:* School of Computer Application (KSCA)
:* School of Civil Engineering
:* School of Mechanical Engineering
:* School of Electrical Engineering
:* School of Computer Engineering
:* School of Chemical Technology
:* School of Electronics Engineering
:* School of Biotechnology (KSBT)
:*School of Applied Sciences
:*School of Architecture and Planning
:*School of Mechatronics Engineering
* [[KIIT School of Management|Management]]

:*School of Management (KSOM), established in 1993<ref>{{cite web|title=Genesis and History|url=http://ksom.ac.in/the-institute/about-us/genesis-and-history/|website=KSOM|access-date=14 January 2018|date=19 May 2015}}</ref>
:*School of Rural Management (KSRM),<ref name="ksrm.ac.in">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ksrm.ac.in/|title=KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT University {{!}} KSRM {{!}} MBA in Rural Management {{!}} MBA(RM) {{!}}|website=KIIT School of Rural Management, KIIT University {{!}} KSRM {{!}} MBA in Rural Management {{!}} MBA(RM) {{!}}|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-01}}</ref> established in 2006, offers courses in [[Rural management]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrm.ac.in/ourprogrammes.html |title=KSRM Programmes |publisher=KIIT University |access-date=2009-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522111845/http://www.ksrm.ac.in/ourprogrammes.html |archive-date=22 May 2009 }}</ref>
:*School of Commerce and Economics<ref name="Schools"/>
* [[KIIT School of Law|Law]]<ref name="Schools"/>

:* School of Law
:* School of Leadership
* [[Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences|Medicine]]<ref name="Schools"/>

:* Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS)
:* Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS)
:* Kalinga Institute of Nursing Sciences (KINS)
:* School of Public Health
* Film & Media<ref name="Schools"/>

:* School of Film & Media Sciences
:* School of Fashion Technology
:* School of Mass Communication
* [[Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences|Humanities]]<ref name="Schools"/>

:* School of Humanities
:* School of Buddhist Studies
:* School of Languages
:* School of Fine Art
Yoga & Sports<ref name="Schools"/>

:* School of Yoga & Spiritualism
:* School of Sports|colwidth=30em}}

KIIT will be one of the first educational institutions in India to have chess as part of the curriculum, with a programme to start in the 2021-22 educational year.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Pradhan |first1=Premanta |title=KIIT, KISS to be first in country to introduce Chess in school curriculum |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/kiit-kiss-to-be-first-in-country-to-introduce-chess-in-school-curriculum/articleshow/81612409.cms |website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |access-date=23 March 2021}}</ref>

==Research==
KIIT has a Research and Development wing headed by a director along with other qualified faculty members who collaborate with various Research Organizations. Faculty members are currently pursuing research funded by organizations, such as, the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] (DST), the [[Department of Atomic Energy (India)|Department of Atomic Energy]] (DAE) and [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] (CSIR). Industry Institute interactions are also being pursued through various funded schemes sponsored by AICTE, UGC and DSIR. In this context, a number of MoUs have been signed with research organizations of the country and abroad for facilitating collaborative research and other academic activities. Currently offered in four broad areas, technology, biotechnology, management and humanities, the college has instituted 48 doctoral fellowships.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.kiit.ac.in/academics/r&d.htm
|title = Research & Development in KIIT
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080622152925/http://www.kiit.ac.in/academics/r%26d.htm
|archive-date = 22 June 2008
}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622152925/http://www.kiit.ac.in/academics/r%26d.htm |date=22 June 2008 }}</ref> KIIT has also established a Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship to provide technical knowledge and facilities for starting technology driven enterprises as well as doing research for producing cost-effective techniques.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiitincubator.in/functions.html|title=KIIT Incubator Functions|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-05}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> In 2012, the Institution had organized the 99th Indian Science Congress.<ref name="KIIT University">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/newsupdate/jan11.html#an|title=KIIT to Host 99th Indian Science Congress in Association with NISER|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2012-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219110825/http://www.kiit.ac.in/newsupdate/jan11.html#an|archive-date=19 December 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Student life==
[[File:Kiit.png|alt=KIIT gives you wings!|thumb|KIIT gives you wings!]]KIIT provides on-campus residential facilities to its students, research scholars, faculty members and many of its staff. The students live in hostels throughout their stay in the KIIT, though it's optional. There are 20 hostels for boys and 11 hostels for girls are available with accommodation capacity of 10,180 and 5,648 students respectively. About 30% of the hostel rooms are air-conditioned and all the hostels have attached canteens serving good quality food. Each hostel has a 24-hour reading room, a facility for indoor and outdoor games and wireless internet and intranet connectivity. There is a dedicated international hostel that accommodates foreign students.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shiksha.com/university/kiit-kalinga-institute-of-industrial-technology-bhubaneswar-37926/infrastructure | title=KIIT University, Bhubaneswar Infrastructure: Details, Reviews, Facilities }}</ref>

There are different societies in KIIT to choose from according to the interest and choice of the student. Some of the major societies of the college are Qutopia, the Quiz society; Kronicle, the Literary Society, the Social Responsibility Cell and Korus, the Music Society. Students from Kronicle have made no marks at various National and International Level students. Social Responsibility Cell aims at inculcating a sense of social responsibility in the hearts and minds of all the students. The [[quizzing|quiz]] society Qutopia<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/sac/qutopia.html |title=Qutopia &#124; SAC |access-date=22 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404160454/http://www.kiit.ac.in/sac/qutopia.html |archive-date=4 April 2014 }}</ref> organizes a national level quiz competition, Udghosh every year.<ref name="activity">{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/students/activity.htm|title=KIIT University Student Activity|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090406014238/http://www.kiit.ac.in/students/activity.htm|archive-date=6 April 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> The decenary edition of Udghosh was hosted by [[Vikram Joshi]], winner of [[World Quizzing Championship]]. It also conducts an Intra-University Quiz competition "Launchpad" every year as a part of induction program. Qutopia is very well known in quizzing circles throughout the country and has produced quizzers who have not only conquered state and regional level quizzes, but also at national and international level, including the prestigious Tata Crucible Campus Quiz,<ref>{{Cite web | title=Online Business Quiz Competitions & Hackathons For Students & Corporates - Tata Crucible | url=http://www.tatacrucible.com/ | access-date=2026-02-21 | website=www.tatacrucible.com}}</ref> which is hosted by ace quizmaster [[Giri Balasubramanium]], along with other high-profile quizzes like Debasish Das Memorial (DDM) IT Quiz,<ref>{{cite web|title=DDM IT Quiz BHubaneswar Edition|url=http://www.ddmitquiz.com/|website=ddmitquiz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=History of DDM IT Quiz|url=http://www.mindfiresolutions.com/About-DDM-IT-Quiz.htm|website=mindfiresolutions}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=When action speaks volumes|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150319/jsp/odisha/story_9517.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802085500/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1150319/jsp/odisha/story_9517.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2017|website=telegraphindia}}</ref> Sweden India Nobel Memorial Quiz,<ref>{{cite web|title=KIIT team qualifies Sweden India Nobel Memorial Quiz|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2016/aug/29/KIIT-team-qualifies-Sweden-India-Nobel-Memorial-Quiz-1513977.html|website=newindianexpress}}</ref> and Mahindra AQ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Study & play go hand in hand|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/1120913/jsp/odisha/story_15971159.jsp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802084729/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1120913/jsp/odisha/story_15971159.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 August 2017|website=telegraphindia}}</ref>

The KIIT chapter of [[Society for Promotion of Indian Classical Music And Culture Amongst Youth]] (SPICMACAY) established in 2003, promotes classical Indian music, dance, and culture among youth and have organised numerous musical concerts. Students can also join [[National Cadet Corps (India)|National Cadet Corps]] (NCC) and [[National Service Scheme]] (NSS).<ref name="activity" /> There are other cultural, literary societies and interest groups. Several schools have their own societies based on the course of the school. The School of Technology, have the Robotic Society, which organizes meetings and workshops to expose the students about robotic concept and how to build and program them. The School of Law have Student Bar Association, which organises moot court competitions and make the students ready for the same.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kls.ac.in/studentlife.htm|title=KLS Student Life|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-08|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312004731/http://www.kls.ac.in/studentlife.htm|archive-date=12 March 2009}}</ref> National Cadet Corps (India)|The School of Management have forums based on marketing, HR, Finance and IT clubs which promotes and make the student aware on the latest happenings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ksom.ac.in/forum.html|title=KSOM Forum|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=2009-05-08}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>

Apart from the societies, which organises Intra School competitions, the institute organizes different cultural and academic fest. The annual Techno-Management fest named ''KIIT FEST'' is organized every year which provides a platform for the progressive brains of our nation to interact, compete and display their creativity and talent.<ref name="activity" /> ''Koncord'' is the annual cultural fest organized in KIIT. Some of the schools organize their own fest, like the School of Management organizes its own fest ''Kolosseum'' every year. Other celebrations include [[Independence Day (India)|Independence Day]], [[Republic Day (India)|Republic day]] are organized with great enthusiasm. ''KIIT International MUN'' is a [[Model United Nations]] Conference organised by the institute.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

THE KIIT TBI&nbsp;— Technology Business Incubator is an initiative of KIIT supported by DST, Govt. Of India. It is set up to facilitate and encourage start-ups by providing them with the proper and conducive ecosystem. With more than 10 startups in KIIT TBI, it has a unique mix of pertaining to web 2.0, biotechnology, agriculture, healthcare & legal consulting. Autosports India, the renowned automotive magazine commercial Website is start-up of KIIT undergraduate students of Mechanical Engineering, 2014 batch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kiit.ac.in/recognisedcentres/tbi.html|title=KIIT TBI|publisher=KIIT University|access-date=7 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814090644/http://www.kiit.ac.in/recognisedcentres/tbi.html|archive-date=14 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==
{{unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}
* [[Amiya Kumar Mallick]], sprinter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sprinter Amiya Mallick on strict diet before Jamaican sojourn (Interview)|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sprinter-amiya-mallick-on-strict-diet-before-jamaican-sojourn-interview-114011200492_1.html|website=www.business-standard.com|access-date=2026-01-30|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250427013740/https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/sprinter-amiya-mallick-on-strict-diet-before-jamaican-sojourn-interview-114011200492_1.html|archive-date=2025-04-27|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Archita Sahu]], actor and model
* [[Babushan|Babushan Mohanty]], actor and playback singer
* [[Debapratim Purkayastha]], educator
* [[Dutee Chand]], sprinter<ref>{{Cite web|title=Odisha's KIIT names tracks after Dutee Chand|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/jul/18/odishas-kiit-names-tracks-after-dutee-chand-2005684.html|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*{{official website}}

{{commons category}}
{{KIIT Group of Institutions}}
{{Universities in Odisha}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology| ]]
[[Category:Universities in Bhubaneswar]]
[[Category:Deemed universities in India]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1992]]
[[Category:1992 establishments in Orissa]]

Meghna Reddy

2026-03-14T22:59:12Z

LavernRuss601: done...

{{Short description|Indian model and VJ}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}

{{Infobox person
| name = Meghna Reddy
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 24 October 1975
| birth_place = [[Rajahmundry]], Andhra Pradesh, India
| occupation = Model, television presenter
| years_active = 1990s–present
| known_for = Co-anchoring [[Channel V (Indian TV channel)|Channel V]]'s ''Mangta Hai''
| spouse = Ariel Mionis (m. 12 December 2008)
| parents = Chintapoli Reddy (father), Nakshatra Reddy (mother)
| relatives = [[Sushama Reddy]] (sister), [[Sameera Reddy]] (sister)
}}

'''Meghna Reddy''' (born 24 October 1975) is an Indian model and former television presenter from [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mumbai (Bombay), India, Sari and Catsuit, 1999, Photo of the Day, Picture, Photography, Wallpapers - National Geographic |url=http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/sari-and-catsuit.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324091034/http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/sari-and-catsuit.html |archive-date=2012-03-24 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=photography.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref> She was known for co-anchoring [[Channel V]]'s Mangta Hai in the mid 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1997-08-11 |title=Meghana Reddy back on Channel V's Mangta Hai |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-and-the-arts/story/19970811-meghana-reddy-back-on-channel-vs-mangta-hai-831862-1997-08-10 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Reddy was born in [[Rajahmundry]], Andhra Pradesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Meghna Reddy Age, Movies, Biography, Photos |url=https://chiloka.com/celebrity/meghna-reddy |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=chiloka.com}}</ref> but was raised in [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai) by her [[Telugu people|Telugu]] father, Chintapoli Reddy, a businessman, and a [[Mangalorean]] [[Konkani people|Konkani]] mother.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 October 2011 |title=Spicing it up |url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/spicing-it-up/139598}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Reddy-made memories, Lifestyle — Leisure — Pune Mirror, Pune Mirror |url=http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=56&contentid=2008121420081214032540301b6f3cc21&sectxslt=&pageno=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319023401/http://www.punemirror.in/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=56&contentid=2008121420081214032540301b6f3cc21&sectxslt=&pageno=2 |archive-date=19 March 2012 |access-date=21 August 2025 |publisher=Punemirror.in}}</ref> She lives in New York. Her mother Nakshatra, referred to as Niki by her daughters and the media, was a [[microbiologist]] and worked with an [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=All in the family |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/all-in-the-family/cid/1538265 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517075515/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/all-in-the-family/cid/1538265 |archive-date=2020-05-17 |access-date=2025-08-21 |language=en}}</ref> She has two sisters,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Richa |title=Sameera Reddy On Coping With Her Parents Ageing: "I Definitely Wasn't Ready" |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sameera-reddy-on-coping-with-her-parents-ageing-i-definitely-wasnt-ready-3903548 |access-date=22 August 2025 |work=NDTV.com |date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019054955/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sameera-reddy-on-coping-with-her-parents-ageing-i-definitely-wasnt-ready-3903548 |archive-date=2023-10-19 |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Sushama Reddy]], a former Indian actress is the eldest,<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sameera Reddy Reveals A Secret About Her Casting In Pankaj Udhas' 1998 Song ''Aur Ahista'' |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sameera-reddy-reveals-a-secret-about-her-casting-in-pankaj-udhas-1998-song-aur-ahista-2028477 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216163541/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sameera-reddy-reveals-a-secret-about-her-casting-in-pankaj-udhas-1998-song-aur-ahista-2028477 |archive-date=2025-02-16 |access-date=2025-08-21 |work=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref> and the youngest, [[Sameera Reddy]], is a Bollywood actress and model.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-02-09 |title=Why star siblings don't make it big |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/delhi-times/Why-star-siblings-dont-make-it-big/articleshow/2766766.cms |access-date=2025-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Kochi / Cinema : Reddy reckoner |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/03/11/stories/2010031151800300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110141309/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2010/03/11/stories/2010031151800300.htm |archive-date=2012-11-10 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.hindu.com}}</ref> On 12 December 2008, Reddy was married in [[Greece]] to Ariel Mionis, a Greek businessman, whom she describes as an artist, a published poet, photographer and painter.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2008-12-29 |title=Three marriages in seven minutes! |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/events/mumbai/three-marriages-in-seven-minutes/articleshow/3904209.cms |access-date=2025-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Career ==
Reddy is a former VJ who co-anchored the show Mangta Hai, on Channel V during the mid-nineties. After a VJ career for many years she left for England for better opportunities. She featured in campaigns for mail catalogs such as [[Macy's]], [[Tommy Hilfiger]] and [[Sisley (company)|Sisley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pereira |first=Dayle |date=17 January 2018 |title=Kirat Young To Meghna Reddy: 9 Indian Models Who Made It Big Abroad |url=https://www.ndtv.com/lifestyle/kirat-young-to-meghna-reddy-9-indian-models-who-made-it-big-abroad-1801181 |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=NDTV Life Style}}</ref> She made her debut in the New York fashion scene in September 2002, walking the ramp for designer [[Diane von Fürstenberg|Diane von Furstenberg]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-09-25 |title=Meghana sizzles on New York ramp |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/meghana-sizzles-on-new-york-ramp/articleshow/23290068.cms |access-date=2025-08-21 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> She was cast in 2003 [[Bollywood]] erotic thriller [[Boom (2003 film)|Boom (film)]] which she left midway and was replaced by [[Katrina Kaif]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=This 2003 flop film featured 5 stars, actress gave kissing scenes with villain, producer went bankrupt, had to sell her furniture, sleep on.. |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/this-2003-flop-film-featured-5-stars-actress-gave-kissing-scenes-with-villain-producer-went-bankrupt-had-to-sell-her-furniture-sleep-on-7555219/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> She was also featured on the [[National Geographic]] cover in August 1999 with an article in the Global Culture section.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy. Meghna}}
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian video jockeys]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]
[[Category:People from East Godavari district]]

Yohani

2026-03-14T18:49:57Z

LavernRuss601:

{{Short description|Sri Lankan singer (born 1993)}}
{{Update|part=Discography section|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Yohani
| image =
| caption =
| native_name =
| birth_name = Yohani Diloka de Silva
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|07|30}}
| birth_place = [[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
| alma_mater = [[Central Queensland University]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Singer|songwriter|model}}
| years_active = 2016–present
| known_for =
| father = [[Prasanna De Silva|Prasanna de Silva]]
| awards =
}}

'''Yohani Diloka de Silva''' (born 30 July 1993), known [[Mononym|mononymously]] as '''Yohani''', is a Sri Lankan singer-songwriter, rapper, and [[YouTuber]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=SJB wants Govt to learn from Yohani's 'Menike mage hithe" song|url=https://www.newswire.lk/2021/08/23/sjb-wants-govt-to-learn-from-government-to-lg/|access-date=2021-08-24|website=NewsWire|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151222/https://www.newswire.lk/2021/08/23/sjb-wants-govt-to-learn-from-government-to-lg/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Amerasinghe">{{cite web |last=Amerasinghe |first=Nilanthi |date=7 August 2021 |title=Please welcome…Yohani! |url=https://www.dailynews.lk/2021/08/07/features/255981/please-welcome%E2%80%A6yohani |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=Daily News|archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151346/http://archives1.dailynews.lk/2021/08/07/features/255981/please-welcome%E2%80%A6yohani |url-status=live }}</ref> She started her music career as a [[YouTuber]]. She soon gained recognition for her cover of '[[Manike Mage Hithe]]' and released many covers of her singing and rapping which have earned her the title "Rap Princess" of [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title=নজরে বলিউড, সোশ্যাল মিডিয়া কাঁপিয়ে এবার ভারতে গানের জাদু দেখাতে আসছে 'মানিকে মাগে' Yohani |trans-title=Yohani is coming to show the magic of music in India after shaking the attention of Bollywood, social media |url=https://www.sangbadsafar.com/entertrainment/yohani-coming-to-india-for-live-concert/ |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=Sangbad Safar |language=Bengali |archive-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002171354/https://www.sangbadsafar.com/entertrainment/yohani-coming-to-india-for-live-concert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> She rose to prominence and gained global recognition for her cover of "[[Manike Mage Hithe]]".<ref>{{cite web |last=Weerasooriya |first=Sahan |date=31 August 2021 |title=Global recognition for local artiste! |url=http://island.lk/global-recognition-for-local-artiste/ |access-date=2021-09-01 |website=The Island Online}}</ref> She also became the first Sri Lankan female singer to surpass a total of 3.60 million subscribers on [[YouTube]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title='Manike Mage Hithe' Yohani's Manike touches the hearts of 60 million|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/210829/magazine/manike-mage-hithe-yohanis-manike-touches-the-hearts-of-60-million-453521.html|access-date=2021-09-01|website=Print Edition – The Sunday Times, Sri Lanka|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151351/https://www.sundaytimes.lk/210829/magazine/manike-mage-hithe-yohanis-manike-touches-the-hearts-of-60-million-453521.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-20 |title=মানিকে মাগে হিতে, 'Yohani'র সুপারহিট গানে দুর্দান্ত নাচে ভাইরাল চার সুন্দরী যুবতী, রইল ভিডিও |trans-title=Manike Mage Hete, 'Yohani's super hit song, four beautiful young women viral, video |url=https://www.sangbadsafar.com/viral-video/four-girls-danced-to-manike-mage-hithe-song-viral-video/ |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=Sangbad Safar|archive-date=2 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002171356/https://www.sangbadsafar.com/viral-video/four-girls-danced-to-manike-mage-hithe-song-viral-video/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Yohani was born on 30 July 1993 in [[Colombo]], [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web|title=वायरल हुआ Manike Mage Hithe गाने का भोजपुरी वर्जन वीडियो|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/yohani-song-manike-mage-hithe-bhojpuri-version-sung-by-bihari-gypsy-soul-goes-viral-on-social-media/videoshow/86451899.cms|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Navbharat Times|language=hi|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151226/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/movie-masti/bhojpuri/yohani-song-manike-mage-hithe-bhojpuri-version-sung-by-bihari-gypsy-soul-goes-viral-on-social-media/videoshow/86451899.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-08 |title=এবার হিন্দি গান গেয়ে ফের ভাইরাল 'মানিকে মাগে হিতে' গায়িকা ইয়োহানি, শুনেছেন? |trans-title=Manike Mage Hithe Singer Yohani: 'Manike Mage Hithe' singer Yohani is viral again by singing a Hindi song, have you heard? |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-de-silva-sings-hindi-song-goes-viral-again-rc-655511.html |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151352/https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-de-silva-sings-hindi-song-goes-viral-again-rc-655511.html |url-status=live }}</ref> She is the daughter of a former Army officer [[Major-general (Sri Lanka)|Major General]] [[Prasanna De Silva|Prasanna de Silva]]. Her mother Dinithi de Silva, was a former cabin crew member at [[SriLankan Airlines]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-21|title='Manike Mage Hithe' Singer Yohani Hosted By Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre's Director, Shares Picture on Social Media {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY|url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-hosted-by-swami-vivekananda-cultural-centres-director-shares-picture-on-social-media-2872638.html|access-date=2021-10-02|website=LatestLY|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151351/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-hosted-by-swami-vivekananda-cultural-centres-director-shares-picture-on-social-media-2872638.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Tiasa Bhowal |date=9 September 2021 |title=Watch top 10 Manike Mage Hithe viral videos, featuring Big B, Tiger Shroff and other celebs|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/watch-top-10-manike-mage-hithe-viral-videos-featuring-big-b-tiger-shroff-and-other-celebs-1850868-2021-09-09|access-date=2021-10-02|magazine=India Today}}</ref> She is a [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] and has practiced [[Buddhism]] since her early life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=স্টেজেই আহত 'মানিকে মাগে হিথে'-খ্যাত ইয়োহানি |url=https://www.banglatribune.com/entertainment/704993/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A4-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99-%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4-%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=Bangla Tribune |language=bn}}</ref> Yohani has one younger sister, Shavindri de Silva, who is currently studying medicine.<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-09-24 |title='মানিকে মাগে হিথে' গায়িকা ইয়োহানি ভারতে আসছেন, কবে কোথায় তাঁর অনুষ্ঠান? জানুন |trans-title=Manike Mage Hithe Singer Yohani Coming India: 'Manike Mage Hithe' singer Yohani is coming to India, when and where is her show? get to know |url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-de-silva-is-coming-to-india-to-perform-rc-663892.html |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=News18 Bengali |language=bn |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151853/https://bengali.news18.com/news/entertainment/bollywood-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-de-silva-is-coming-to-india-to-perform-rc-663892.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=4 September 2021 |title=ইয়োহানি শুধু ইউটিউবে নয়, জলেও দাপান! সিংহলি তারকার ইতিহাস ভূগোল চমকে দেওয়ার মতো |trans-title=Yohani is not only on YouTube, but also in water! The history and geography of the Sinhalese star is staggering |url=https://thewall.in/entertainment/know-the-fascinating-history-of-srilanka-star-yohani-which-links-her-to-sports/ |access-date=2021-10-02 |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151900/https://thewall.in/entertainment/know-the-fascinating-history-of-srilanka-star-yohani-which-links-her-to-sports/tid/55792 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to their father's military background, both girls grew up in different Army bases in [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web |last=भाटिया |first=अमित |date=2021-10-02 |title=Manike Mage Hithe से मशहूर हुईं Yohani का 'बसपन का प्यार' ! सबसे बिंदास इंटरव्यू |trans-title=Yohani's 'Bespan Ka Pyaar' became famous with Manike Mage Hithe! most cool interview |url=https://www.abplive.com/videos/news/manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-interview-on-abp-1976672 |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=ABPLive |language=hi |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151740/https://www.abplive.com/videos/news/manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-interview-on-abp-1976672 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Yohani's interest and practice in music began early in her life,<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhowal |first=Upasya |date=15 September 2021 |title=Manike Mage Hithe |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/try-this/social/manike-mage-hithe/cid/1830706 |access-date=2021-10-02 |work=My Kolkata |publisher=The Telegraph|location=India}}</ref> and it was her mother who identified her keenness and prompted her to pursue this passion at a young age.<ref name="Amerasinghe" /><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-06-07|title=විශ්‍රාමික මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ප්‍රසන්න ද සිල්වාගේ දියණිය වීම ගැන මට ආඩම්බරයි – යොහානි ද සිල්වා ⋆ සතුටින් ජීවිතය දරන්නී – Dharanee|url=http://dharanee.lk/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=සතුටින් ජීවිතය දරන්නී – Dharanee|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721151742/https://dharanee.lk/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A-%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A-%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A/|url-status=live}}</ref> She grew up surrounded by her parents' love of music as they often listened to the [[BeeGees]], [[Spice Girls]], [[AR Rahman]] and [[Elton John]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bhavani|first=Divya Kala|date=2021-10-04|title='Manike Mage Hithe' singer Yohani : I do not wish to limit myself|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/sri-lanka-singer-yohani-interview-manike-mage-hithe-2021-album-kella/article36820211.ece|access-date=2021-11-18|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She was schooled in [[Visakha Vidyalaya]] Colombo. She completed her higher education in Logistics Management and Professional Accounting from the [[General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University]] prior to pursuing her career as an artist.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weerasooriya|first=Sahan|title=A novel CD… with the old and the new|date=9 February 2021 |url=http://island.lk/a-novel-cd-with-the-old-and-the-new/|access-date=2021-08-10}}</ref> She also obtained a master's degree in accounting from [[Central Queensland University|CQUniversity Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Nadeera|first=Dilshan|title='Manike mage hithe'; Amaradeva amathakado?|date=23 September 2021 |url=http://island.lk/manike-mage-hithe-amaradeva-amathakado/|access-date=2021-10-02}}</ref>

== Career ==
{{BLP sources section|date=February 2023}}
Yohani's music career took centre stage upon her return to [[Sri Lanka]] in March 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ranu Mondal Is Trending Again, Courtesy Yohani's Manike Maghe Hithe|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ranu-mondal-is-trending-again-courtesy-yohanis-manike-maghe-hithe-2558913|access-date=2021-10-02|website=NDTV.com|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152403/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/ranu-mondal-is-trending-again-courtesy-yohanis-manike-maghe-hithe-2558913|url-status=live}}</ref> She joined Pettah Effect, a record label that was co-founded by Dilanjan, and had much young talent running the show.<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Tiasa Bhowal|date=30 September 2021|title=US girl's violin cover of Sri Lankan song Manike Mage Hithe is winning the Internet. Viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/us-girl-s-violin-cover-of-sri-lankan-song-manike-mage-hithe-is-winning-the-internet-viral-video-1859030-2021-09-30|access-date=2021-10-02|magazine=India Today|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152415/https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/us-girl-s-violin-cover-of-sri-lankan-song-manike-mage-hithe-is-winning-the-internet-viral-video-1859030-2021-09-30|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2020,<ref>{{cite web |last=Purkayastha |first=Pallabi Dey |date=25 September 2021 |title='Manike Mage Hithe' singer Yohani: In Bollywood, I would love to work with A.R. Rahman |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-wion-exclusive-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-in-bollywood-i-would-love-to-work-with-ar-rahman-415805 |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=WION}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-01|title=Ranu Mondal ने आपल्या स्टाईलमध्ये गायलं 'Manike Mange Hite' गाणं|url=https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/ranu-mondal-sing-yohani-manike-mage-hithe-song/586283|access-date=2021-10-02|website=24taas.com|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152416/https://zeenews.india.com/marathi/entertainment/ranu-mondal-sing-yohani-manike-mage-hithe-song/586283|url-status=live}}</ref> Prima Kottu Mee signed Yohani as their Brand Ambassador for two years, as one of her first-ever significant brand endorsements.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=Creators thrilled at popularity of 'Manike Mage Hithe' in India: 'Feels like a dream… unbelievably happy'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/the-magic-of-manike-mage-hithe-viral-sri-lankan-song-7513744/|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The Indian Express|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152410/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chennai/the-magic-of-manike-mage-hithe-viral-sri-lankan-song-7513744/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the months that followed, Yohani got signed by [[Red Bull Records]], with her debut single "Aaye" premiering in August 2020. The latter part of 2020 saw new releases,<ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=Yohani releases her first-ever English language original 'Merry Christmas Baby'|url=http://www.themorning.lk/yohani-releases-her-first-ever-english-language-original-merry-christmas-baby/|access-date=2021-10-02|website=The Morning – Sri Lanka News|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152258/https://www.themorning.lk/articles/110196|url-status=live}}</ref> including ''Sitha Dawuna'', a collaboration with Chamath Sangeeth in September 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-05-03|title=Gearing to make dreams come true!|url=https://archives1.sundayobserver.lk/2019/05/05/youth-observer/gearing-make-dreams-come-true|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Sunday Observer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Raya Ghosh|date=26 September 2021|title=This soulful flute cover of Manike Mage Hithe is crazy viral online. Yohani reacts|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/this-soulful-flute-cover-of-manike-mage-hithe-is-crazy-viral-online-yohani-reacts-1857427-2021-09-26|access-date=2021-10-02|magazine=India Today|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152807/https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/this-soulful-flute-cover-of-manike-mage-hithe-is-crazy-viral-online-yohani-reacts-1857427-2021-09-26|url-status=live}}</ref>

Her next song reverberated with citizens who endured a [[Sri Lankan Civil War|30-year war on the island]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-15|title=Yohani: నా మదిలో మంట రేపావురా|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/family/yohani-shares-manike-mage-hithe-became-viral-overnight-1395706|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> She got 200 million views for a YouTube video "[[Manike Mage Hithe]]" cover song in May 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yohani turns Hot N Spicy with Prima KottuMee – Press Releases {{!}} Daily Mirror|url=https://www.dailymirror.lk/press-releases/Yohani-turns-Hot-N-Spicy-with-Prima-KottuMee/335-183821|access-date=2021-08-10|website=dailymirror.lk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-06-15|title=Prima KottuMee's Avurudu Raban Mashup takes on a new level|url=http://bizenglish.adaderana.lk/prima-kottumees-avurudu-raban-mashup-takes-on-a-new-level/|access-date=2021-08-10|website=Adaderana Biz English {{!}} Sri Lanka Business News|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152754/http://bizenglish.adaderana.lk/prima-kottumees-avurudu-raban-mashup-takes-on-a-new-level/|url-status=live}}</ref> She had also completed her debut [[Sinhala language|Sinhala]] album which features twelve songs and plans{{Update inline|date=November 2022|reason=Was it launched?}} to launch it during a live concert around December 2021.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Desk">{{cite web |editor-last= Vaid |editor-first= Kritika |date=2021-09-27 |title='Manike Mage Hithe' Singer Yohani on Working in Bollywood, India Tour- All You Need to Know |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/viral-song-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-diloka-working-in-bollywood-india-tour-all-you-need-to-know-4984117/ |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=India News, Breaking News {{!}} India.com|archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152926/https://www.india.com/entertainment/viral-song-manike-mage-hithe-singer-yohani-diloka-working-in-bollywood-india-tour-all-you-need-to-know-4984117/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Hassin|first1=Shoumik|last2=Saad|first2=Saimum|last3=bdnews24.com|title=Her song tops 100m views on YouTube. But Yohani is ready to do more|url=https://bdnews24.com/music/2021/09/17/her-song-tops-100m-views-on-youtube.-but-yohani-is-ready-to-do-more|access-date=2021-10-02|website=bdnews24.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=bugsbunny|date=2021-09-20|title=Manike Mage Hithe in the global top 10|url=https://colombogazette.com/2021/09/20/manike-mage-hithe-in-the-global-top-10/|access-date=2021-10-02|website=Colombo Gazette|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152805/https://colombogazette.com/2021/09/20/manike-mage-hithe-in-the-global-top-10/|url-status=live}}</ref>

She performed her debut overseas tour as a music artiste in [[Hyderabad]] in India in October 2021 for a live concert with her band.<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Tiasa Bhowal|date=6 October 2021|title=Internet sensation Yohani performs Manike Mage Hithe during Hyderabad concert. Viral video|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/internet-sensation-yohani-performs-manike-mage-hithe-during-hyderabad-concert-viral-video-1861330-2021-10-06|access-date=2021-11-18|magazine=India Today|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152931/https://www.indiatoday.in/trending-news/story/internet-sensation-yohani-performs-manike-mage-hithe-during-hyderabad-concert-viral-video-1861330-2021-10-06|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 October 2021 |title=Fact Check video: Is Yohani the new Cultural envoy between India & Sri Lanka? |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/video/fact-check-video-is-yohani-the-new-cultural-envoy-between-india-sri-lanka-1859777-2021-10-01 |access-date=2021-11-18 |website=India Today|archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152827/https://www.indiatoday.in/fact-check/video/fact-check-video-is-yohani-the-new-cultural-envoy-between-india-sri-lanka-1859777-2021-10-01 |url-status=live }}</ref> On this tour, she joined two of India's most popular television shows, [[Salman Khan]]'s Bigg Boss 15 and [[Ranveer Singh]]'s Big Picture as a guest. While her cover of the song ''Manike Mage Hithe'' became popular, she released the first single from her first music album, "Kella", which was "Ithin Aadare".

She then lent her voice to the official song of the T20 Cricket World Cup in Sri Lanka in 2021 and released her first international single "Moving On" in English under the music label Red Bull Records. This made her the only Sri Lankan singer to release a song under Red Bull Records.

During her visit to India, she was honoured with the post of Indo-Ceylon Cultural Ambassador by the Government of India. She then performed "Unmada Prema Geeya" with popular Sri Lankan singers [[Bhathiya and Santhush]] and [[Kaizer Kaiz]]. In December 2021, she participated in the Dubai Expo 2020, later on contributing to the official song of LPL 2021 along with many popular singers of Sri Lanka.

The Tamil-Sinhala song "Rider Fighter" with [[Dinesh Kanagaratnam|ADK]] was released in the same month. In January 2022, she contributed a Tamil song composed by [[Harris Jayaraj]] and the Telugu song "What's happening" in the Telugu film [[Dhamaka (2022 film)|Dhamaka]] composed by [[Bhima Ciceroleo]]. That month, she was called Sri Lankan of the year by LMD magazine.

In February 2022, she contributed to the song "Gajaman Nona" with [[Tehan Perera]] under the direction of [[Sandesh Bandara]]. After that she did a lot of work with the Dubai media and in between she contributed to sing the Hindi version of "Manike Mage Hite". She then released the patriotic song "You Are My Paradise" under the foundation [[So Sri Lanka]]. It contributed to the promotion of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka.

She then attended the Dubai Expo 2020 where she performed the biggest music concert ever held in Dubai Millennium Amphitheater with a huge crowd. A few more concerts were held in Dubai and then in March 2022, she, [[Chamath Sangeeth]], [[Satheeshan]] and [[Dulan ARX]] won the SLIM Award for the most popular song of the year. She also hosted a YouTube concert called Eden with Lunu and in March 2022 she performed at the Yohani Live in Concert in [[Muscat]], [[Oman]].

In April 2022, she joined T-Series, the music label that owns the world's largest YouTube channel. In the face of the severe economic crisis in Sri Lanka that month, she established the "I am for Sri Lanka" foundation and contributed money to the treatment of people who were injured in the freedom struggle in Sri Lanka, and to the lack of medical equipment in the country at that time. She collected 5000 US dollars under that foundation and gave it to [[Red Cross]] organisation to fulfill the related tasks.

Sri Lankans boycotted her saying that her foundation was related to the existing government and therefore she remained silent for several months. After a few months, she was back in the limelight with the Hindi remake of "Manike Mage Hithe", named "Manike".

It became a milestone in Sri Lankan music as it was the first Hindi song to include Sinhala lyrics (of the original song). [[Tanishk Bagchi]] and [[Chamath Sangeeth]] composed the song and [[Rashmi Virag]], [[Dulan ARX]] and [[Mellow D]] penned the lyrics. Along with Yohani, India's popular singer [[Jubin Nautiyal]] & [[Surya Raghunaathan]] featured in the song which is from the Bollywood movie [[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]. It released in October 2022 and features Indian actors [[Siddharth Malhotra]], [[Ajay Devgan]] and [[Rakul Preet Singh]] along with Canadian artiste [[Nora Fatehi]]. The song gained popularity on Indian social media as well.

Her first Indian Song was "Po Po Po", a Tamil song in the film ''The Legend''.

For promoting the movie ''Thank God'', she featured on India's popular entertainment show [[The Kapil Sharma Show]] as a guest on [[Diwali]]. She then left for the [[Maldives]] where she participated in [[Chanaacha]] 2022. Also, she appeared in [[Sampath Bank]]'s WePay advertisement.

On 10 November 2022, she crossed the one million followers mark on her [[Instagram]] account, making her the third Sri Lankan celebrity to reach one million followers, after [[Piyumi Hansamali]] and [[Dinakshi Priyasad]].

In 2023, she contributed her vocals to the remake of the song "Jheda Nasha" which featured Nora Fatehi and Indian actor [[Ayushmann Khurrana]] in the Bollywood film ''[[An Action Hero]]''.

Her third Hindi song and her first non-film Hindi song, "Tu Samane Aaye", was released in November 2022. [[Jubin Nautiyal]] also contributed his vocals to this song.

She then released the song "Chaudhary" in January 2023, also featuring the vocals of popular Rajasthani singer [[Mame Khan]] and Jubin Nautiyal. In February 2023, Don & D Entertainment organized two grand musical concerts of veteran Bollywood singer [[Udit Narayan]] in [[Melbourne]] and [[Sydney]], Australia. Yohani also featured in these concerts. She held two more concerts in [[Kolkata]] and [[Raipur]], India.

Months later, she performed a song in Sinhala titled "Medusa" on 4 March, with new singer Warunah.

== Discography ==

=== Non-film songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Song
!Composer(s)
!Singer
!Writer(s)
!Ref.
|-
| rowspan="5" |2020
|"Merry Christmas Baby"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Dilanjan Seneviratne
|<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-10-01|title=WATCH : Yohani's first live performance in India|url=https://newsin.asia/watch-yohanis-first-live-performance-in-india/|access-date=2021-10-02|website=NewsIn.Asia|archive-date=21 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152915/https://newsin.asia/watch-yohanis-first-live-performance-in-india/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|"Aaye"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Dilanjan Seneviratne
|
|-
|"Rawwath Dasin"
|Chanuka Mora
|Yohani
|Chanuka Mora
|
|-
|"Sitha Dawuna"
|Chamath Sangeeth
|Yohani
|Dulan ARX, Hiyum, Dilanjan Seneviratne
|
|-
|"Cold Sunday"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Yohani
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |2021
|"Haal Massa (Viyole Viyole)"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Rajiv Sebastian
|
|-
|"[[Manike Mage Hithe]]" (Cover song)
|Chamath Sangeeth
|Yohani, Satheeshan
|Dulan ARX
|<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=2021-09-10 |title=Meet AAYAT urf Afreen, an IndiGo air hostess who went viral after 'Manike Mage Hithe' dance video |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/viral/report-meet-aayat-urf-afreen-an-indigo-air-hostess-who-went-viral-after-manike-mage-hithe-dance-video-2910533 |access-date=2021-10-02 |website=DNA India|archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152916/https://www.dnaindia.com/viral/report-meet-aayat-urf-afreen-an-indigo-air-hostess-who-went-viral-after-manike-mage-hithe-dance-video-2910533 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|"Awidan Yanawa"
|Shenal Maddumage
|Yohani, Funky Dirt
|Murshad Huvais
|
|-
|"Ithin Adare"
|Yohani, Harinie Weerasinghe
|Yohani
|Dilanjan Seneviratne
|
|-
|"Moving On"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Dilanjan Seneviratne
|
|-
|"Unmaada Prema Geeya"
|Chamitha Cooray
|BnS, Yohani & Kaizer Kaiz
|Nilar N Cassim
|
|-
|rowspan=5|2022
|"Rider Fighter"
|K2
|ADK & Yohani
|ADK
|
|-
|"Gajaman Nona" (ගජමන් නෝනා)
|Yohani
| Yohani, Tehan Perera
|Ansaf Ameer
|
|-
|"So Sri Lanka"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Dilanjan Seneviratne
|
|-
|"Cold Sunday"
|Yohani
|Yohani
|Yohani
|
|-
|"Tu Saamne Aaye"
|Rocky – Jubin
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]] & Yohani
|Rocky Khanna
|
|-
| rowspan = "6"|2023
|"Chaudhary "
|[[Amit Trivedi]]
|Yohani, [[Jubin Nautiyal]] & [[Mame Khan]]
|Shellee
|
|-
| "Medusa"
|
|Yohani & Warunaah
|
|
|-
|"Chunari Mein Daag"
|[[Tony Kakkar]]
|Tony Kakkar, Yohani & [[Ikka Singh]]
|Tony Kakkar
|
|}

=== Film songs ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Song
!Co-singer(s)
!Writer(s)
!Composer(s)
|-
|2021
|''[[Shiddat]]''
|"Shiddat" (Female)
|
|colspan=2|Manan Bhardwaj
|-
| rowspan="4" |2022
|''[[The Legend (2022 film)|The Legend]]''
| "Po Po Po "
| [[KK (singer)|KK]], [[Jonita Gandhi]], [[Prasad S N]]
|[[Madhan Karky]]
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|-
|''[[Thank God (film)|Thank God]]''
|"Manike"
|
[[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|[[Rashmi Virag]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Tanishk Bagchi]]
|-
|''[[An Action Hero]]''
|"Jehda Nasha"
|IP Singh, Amar Jalal, Yohani, Harjot Kaur
|Amar Jalal, Balla Jalal
|-
|[[Dhamaka (2022 film)|''Dhamaka'']]
|"What's Happening" – Yohani Version
|
|[[Saraswati Putra Rama Jogaiah Shastry]]
|[[Bheems Ceciroleo]]
|}

== Controversy ==

Yohani's connection to the Sri Lankan military, particularly as the daughter of former army Major General [[Prasanna De Silva]], who was involved in alleged war crimes and [[Tamil genocide|genocidal]] acts against Tamils during the [[Sri Lankan Civil War]], has sparked controversy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harris Jayaraj deletes Yohani tweet after Tamil genocide backlash! |url=https://www.moviecrow.com/News/29311/harris-jayaraj-deletes-yohani-tweet-after-backlash |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=moviecrow.com |archive-date=21 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721152930/https://www.moviecrow.com/News/29311/harris-jayaraj-deletes-yohani-tweet-after-backlash |url-status=live }}</ref>

Her 2020 song "Rawwath Dasin" depicted her father as a hero who fought against [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|terrorists]] and united the north and south of the country, despite his involvement in [[War crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan civil war|war crimes]].

Many activists have condemned the glorification of her father's actions, viewing it as an attempt to whitewash the atrocities committed during the Sri Lankan Civil War through music.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White vans and war crimes – Yohani's Sri Lankan military connection {{!}} Tamil Guardian |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/white-vans-and-war-crimes-yohani-s-sri-lankan-military-connection |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=tamilguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yohani meets more Sri Lankan war criminals {{!}} Tamil Guardian |url=https://www.tamilguardian.com/content/yohani-meets-more-sri-lankan-war-criminals#:~:text=Yohani%20also%20appeared%20at%20a,the%20execution%20of%20surrendering%20Tamils. |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=tamilguardian.com}}</ref>

Her education at the [[General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University]], a military academy, has further fueled criticism.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Musicians from Colombo]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan Buddhists]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan women singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan rappers]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan YouTubers]]
[[Category:Alumni of General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University]]
[[Category:Central Queensland University alumni]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Expatriate musicians in India]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan expatriates in India]]
[[Category:Sri Lankan expatriates in Australia]]
[[Category:21st-century Sri Lankan women singers]]
[[Category:21st-century rappers]]

Silver Line (K-Rail)

2026-03-11T20:30:31Z

LavernRuss601: adding some post from scratch

{{short description|Proposed rail line in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = Silver Line (K-Rail)
| box_width =
| color =
| color2 = 
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_alt =
| logo2 =
| logo_width2 =
| logo_alt2 =
| image =
| image_width =
| image_alt =
| caption = 
| other_name =
| type = [[Higher-speed rail]]
| system =
| status = Planning
| locale = [[Kerala]], India
| coordinates =
| start =
| end =
| continuesfrom =
| continuesas =
| connectinglines =
| stations = 11
| routes =
| daily_ridership =
| ridership2 =
| trainnumber =
| linenumber =
| mapcolorlink =
| mapcolourlink =
| mapcolor =
| mapcolour =
| website = {{URL|keralarail.com}}
| yearcommenced =
| planopen =
| open =
| lastextension = (The line is expected to be extended to Mangaluru in the future)
| yearcompleted =
| close =
| reopen =
| owner = [[K-Rail (Kerala Rail Development Corporation)]]
| operator =
| conductionsystem =
| character = Elevated, underground, surface and [[Grade separated#Railways|grade-separated]], [[High-speed rail#Routing|dedicated passenger tracks]]
| depot = [[Kollam]]
| stock = 
| event1label =
| event1 =
| event2label =
| event2 =
| event3label =
| event3 = 
| linelength_km = 532
| linelength_footnotes =
| tracklength_km =
| tracklength =
| tracklength_footnotes =
| tracks = 2
| gauge = {{track gauge|1,435mm|allk=on}}
| old_gauge =
| load_gauge =
| availability =
| minradius_m =
| minradius_ft =
| minradius =
| electrification = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} ([[Overhead lines]])
| speed = {{convert|200|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} (average) {{convert|220|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} (maximum)
| signalling = [[ETCS Level 2]]
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| elevation =
| maxincline =
| racksystem =
| routenumber =
| aveinterstation = 
| map = {{Silver Line (K-Rail)|inline=y}}
| map_name = Proposed stations
| map_state = collapsed
}}

The '''Silver Line''', also known as the '''K-Rail''', is a proposed [[Higher-speed rail|semi high speed rail]] line in [[Kerala]] that would connect [[Thiruvananthapuram]], the capital city, and [[Kasaragod]]. It will have an operating speed of {{convert|200|km/h}}, Maximum Design Speed: {{cvt|220|km/h}}, structures designed for {{cvt|250|km/h}} allowing trains to cover the {{convert|532|km|adj=on}} distance in less than four hours, compared to the present 10 to 12 hours it takes to traverse this distance. [[Thiruvananthapuram]], [[Kollam]], [[Chengannur]], [[Kottayam]], [[Kochi]], [[Thrissur]], [[Tirur]], [[Kozhikode]], [[Kannur]], and [[Kasaragod]] will be the stations in this corridor.<ref>{{cite news|date=17 April 2020|title=DPR of semi-high-speed railway line from TVM to Kasaragod approved|publisher=Mathrubhumi|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/dpr-of-semi-high-speed-railway-line-from-tvm-to-kasaragod-approved-1.4695454|access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref> The project is temporarily halted by the state government till the Central government approval.

The Detailed Project Report of the project is being prepared by [[Kerala Rail Development Corporation|K-Rail (Kerala Rail Development Corporation Limited)]], a joint venture company between [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry Of Railways]] and [[Government of Kerala]].

The railway line aims to ease transport congestion between the northern and southern regions of the state, whilst also improving travel times and mitigate climate change. The project includes a [[Rolling highway|roll-on/roll-off]] (RORO) train service that conveys road vehicles, and enhanced feeder public transport services from stations.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=5 September 2019|title=Traders in T'puram pledges total support for SHSR project|url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/traders-in-t-puram-pledges-total-support-for-shsr-project/States/news/1719622.html|access-date=4 February 2020}}</ref> In November 2022, the Kerala government recalled the revenue officials, who were deployed to conduct a social impact assessment study for land acquisition due to massive protests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-28 |title=What is Kerala's SilverLine rail project, why has the govt recalled officials involved in it? |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-keralas-silverline-rail-project-government-recalled-officials-8294757/ |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Background ==
Kerala has {{convert|162000|km}} of roads which is 4.2% of India's total length. The existing railway network in the state is also not suitable for faster travel. The average speed of journey by rail and road in the state is about 30% to 40% lower than in the neighbouring states.

The journey becomes even slower in the rainy seasons because of deterioration in the condition of the roads and railway lines. Because of the adverse terrain, there is little scope of economically raising speed of trains on the existing railway line in the corridor. With the above in mind, the Government has decided to build the Thiruvananthapuram - Kasaragod corridor as a Semi high-speed line, covering the coastal region which is the most densely populated region of the state.

Kerala, being a densely populated state, most of the commuters depend on the conventional modes of transport. The proposed '''Silver Line''' (SHSR) will bring about a remarkable change in local commute, by improving the travel time and quality of transportation. There will be a substantial reduction in road accidents due to the reduction of congestion on roads. This also includes the last mile connectivity using aggregate services and feeder services, which will transform the people's perception towards public transportation. The '''Silver Line''' (previously called as SHSR) will also be duly integrated with the existing Indian Railway network for the benefit of interstate and long distance travellers.

== Environmental and social impact ==
The studies regarding the environmental impact have not yet been completed. Environmentally, materials like manufactured sand, rock and wood materials need to be considered.

Transport systems bring enormous benefits to society providing access and mobility that are essential for modern societies and economic growth. However, transport activities have many undesirable external impacts as well, such as [[greenhouse gas|CO2 emissions]], congestion, accidents, land use and many more. The urge to fight these challenges is therefore pushing economies towards more efficient, and sustainable solutions.

'''Silver Line'''<ref name=":0" /> is claimed to be a suitable alternative as it saves time, resources, and helps in reduction of carbon footprint by relying on renewable energy sources for its stations, providing last-mile connectivity to and from the station using electric vehicles (EVs), and facilities for parking/charging EVs at the stations. The proposed RORO services also contribute in reducing pollution and congestion compared to road transport of goods vehicles.

== History ==
{| class="wikitable" width="250" style="font-size: 0.85em; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border: 1px solid #DEE8F1;"
|bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="2" style="color: black;" align="center"|'''History of Kerala Semi High-speed rail'''
|-
|colspan="2"|[[image:Kollam Junction railway station - An evening view.jpg|250px]]
|-
|bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="20%" align="center"|'''Year'''
|bgcolor="#C0C0C0" width="80%" align="center"|'''Event'''
|-
|2009 February
|Kerala Finance Minister [[Thomas Isaac]] announced Thiruvananthapuram-Kasaragod high-speed rail corridor<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/in-depth/kerala-budget-2019/2019/02/01/thiruvananthapuram-kasaragod-semi-high-speed-rail-corridor.html |title=TVPM-Kasaragod in 4 hours! Isaac brings in fast rail corridor in budget |publisher=On Manorama |date=1 February 2019 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2010 February
|Initial planning for Kerala HSR by Chief Minister [[V. S. Achuthanandan]]<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-kerala-plans-high-speed-rail-corridors-1345812 |title=Kerala plans high speed rail corridors |publisher=DNA |date=10 February 2010 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2011 September
|[[Special-purpose entity|Special-purpose vehicle]] formed for the project extending up to [[Mangalore]] by [[List of Chief Minister of Kerala|CM]] [[Oommen Chandy]]
|-
|2012 June
|[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|DMRC]] submitted a feasibility study report with an est. cost of {{INRConvert|127|b|lk=b}}
|-
|2014 October
|[[List of Chief Minister of Kerala|CM]] [[Oommen Chandy]]'s stated that the project is now stalled due to protests
|-
|2016 June
|[[Government of Kerala|Kerala Government]], headed by [[List of Chief Minister of Kerala|CM]] [[Pinarayi Vijayan]], asked [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation|DMRC]] to submit the [[Detailed Project Report|DPR]]
|-
|2019 January
|[[Government of Kerala]] decided to wind up Kerala HSR project, found unviable due to high project cost<ref name="Times of India">{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/govt-winds-up-high-speed-rail-project/articleshow/67478172.cms |title=Govt winds up high-speed rail project |publisher=Times of India |date=10 January 2019 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2019 May
|Survey report by France-based [[SYSTRA|Systra]] said a semi high-speed rail project across Kerala could be financially viable est. cost {{INRConvert|56|b|lk=b}}<ref name="Times of India"/>
|-
|2019 December
|[[Government of Kerala]] named the Semi-High Speed Rail Project as 'Silver Line'. Estimated cost ₹56,443 crore<ref>{{cite news |url=https://affairscloud.com/government-approves-rs-56443-cr-kerala-semi-high-speed-rail-project-named-silver-line/ |title=Government approves Rs 56,443 cr Kerala semi-high speed rail project named "Silver line" |publisher=Affairs Cloud |date=10 January 2019 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020 January
|Hyderabad-based GeoKno India Private Limited completed an aerial survey for Kerala 'Silver Line' project<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/kerala-semi-high-speed-railway-line-aerial-survey-completed-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod-in-4-hours-soon/1816743/ |title=Kerala semi-high speed railway line aerial survey completed; Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod in 4 hours soon! |publisher=Financial Express |date=8 January 2020 |access-date=24 January 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020 January
|[[Government of Kerala|Kerala Government]] decided to set up land acquisition cells in 10 districts to acquire 1,226.45 hectares for 'Silver Line' project
|-
|2020 April
|On 16 April, the Kerala Rail Development Corporation (K Rail) Board approved the DPR of 'Silverline Kerala'. One additional station(Kochi Airport) added in the route.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/dpr-of-semi-high-speed-railway-line-from-tvm-to-kasaragod-approved-1.4695454 |title=DPR of semi-high-speed railway line from TVM to Kasaragod approved |publisher=Mathrubhumi |date=17 April 2020 |access-date=17 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020 June
|On 10 June, the Government of Kerala approved the revised alignment of 57.5 km Vadakara-Thalassery stretch of 'Silverline Kerala' to reduce displacement and avoid bifurcating [[Mahé, India|Mahe]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/cabinet-nod-for-silver-line-dpr/article31797719.ece |title=Cabinet nod for Silver Line DPR |work=The Hindu |date=10 June 2020 |access-date=12 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/k-rail-revises-alignment-of-vadakara-thalassery-section/article31787611.ece |title=K-Rail revises alignment of section |work=The Hindu |date=9 June 2020 |access-date=10 April 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2020 October
|The project proposal has been tabled before the Railway Board for approval<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/semi-high-speed-rail-corridor-project-tabled-before-railway-board-1.5119115 |title=Semi-High Speed Rail Corridor project tabled before Railway Board |publisher=Mathrubhumi |date=10 October 2020 |access-date=12 October 2020}}</ref>
|-
|2021 February
|Ministry of Railways and Railway Board have not approved the project yet. Finance Minister wrote to the Kerala CM for speeding up the land acquisition and financial plan related discussions with [[Japan International Cooperation Agency|JICA]] for the Kerala Silverline project.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2021/feb/02/keralas-ambitious-silverline-gets-centres-green-light-2258232.html |title=Kerala's ambitious Silverline gets Centre's green light |publisher=TNIE |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/kerala/top-news/2021/02/02/kerala-silverline-rail-project-get-centre-nod.html |title=After windfall from Union Budget 2021, Kerala's Silverline rail project gets Centre's nod |publisher=Manorama |date=2 February 2021 |access-date=2 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
|2021 May
|Housing and Urban Development Corporation Kerala granted ₹3,000 crore loan for acquiring land for the first phase (Kochuveli to Chengannur) developments.
|-
|2022 November
|The state government decided to temporarily halt the SilverLine project till the Centre gives approval.
|-
|2026 January
|The Kerala Cabinet effectively shelved the SilverLine project and gave in-principle approval for a Thiruvananthapuram–Kasaragod Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) as an alternative after the Centre did not grant approval.
|}

The Thiruvananthapuram–Mangalore high-speed rail corridor was mooted in the 2009-10 budget speech of the [[Left Democratic Front (Kerala)|LDF]] government. The project was cleared by the State Cabinet in February 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/states/kerala/no-cause-for-concern-over-high-speed-rail-chandy/article3935678.ece |title=No cause for concern over high speed rail: Chandy |work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 25 September 2012 |access-date=11 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/south/kerala-chief-minister-assures-people-on-high-speed-rail-project-272085 |title=Kerala Chief Minister assures people on high speed rail project |publisher=NDTV |date= 25 September 2012 |access-date=11 March 2013}}</ref> The [[Kerala State Industrial Development Corporation]] (KSIDC) was appointed as the nodal agency to develop the project.

In September 2011, a [[Special purpose entity|special purpose vehicle]], the Kerala High Speed Rail Corporation Ltd. (KHSRC) was formed to implement the project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yentha.com/news/view/1/keralas-high-speed-dilemma |title=Kerala's High Speed Dilemma |publisher=Yentha.com |date= 8 August 2012 }}</ref> The [[Ministry of Railways (India)|Ministry of Railways]] has stated that the project is feasible and has expressed full support for the project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/article3891756.ece |title=1,700 families to be displaced for high speed rail project |work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 13 September 2012 |access-date= 11 March 2013|last1=Krishnakumar |first1=G. }}</ref> The [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]] (DMRC) conducted the pre-feasibility study of the project. The KHSRC requested the DMRC to submit a detailed project report (DPR) for the project by November 2012. However, the DPR faced several delays.<ref>{{cite news|author=S. Anil Radhakrishnan |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/high-speed-corridor-dmrc-needs-more-time-to-submit-report/article4494444.ece |title=High Speed Corridor: DMRC needs more time to submit report |work=The Hindu |date=10 March 2013 |access-date=2013-03-11}}</ref>

In February 2014, the Indian media reported that the state government shelved the project. ''[[The Times of India]]'' quoted unnamed sources as stating, "It has not been scrapped officially, but it is at a dead stage. The estimated project cost has almost doubled now, and the more the delay, the costlier the project would become." The cost of constructing the project was estimated to be {{INRConvert|1.80|lc}}, much higher than the originally estimated {{INRConvert|1|lc}}.<ref name=autogenerated3>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/High-speed-rail-project-shelved-by-planning-board/articleshow/30481571.cms High speed rail project shelved by planning board – The Times of India]</ref><ref name=autogenerated2>{{Cite web|url=http://english.manoramaonline.com/cgi-bin/MMOnline.dll/portal/ep/contentView.do?contentId=16193075&tabId=1&programId=11565535|title = Home}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-shelves-high-speed-rail-corridor-project-1397057.html |title=Kerala pauses work on high-speed rail corridor project - News Oneindia |access-date=21 February 2014 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301134119/http://news.oneindia.in/thiruvananthapuram/kerala-shelves-high-speed-rail-corridor-project-1397057.html |url-status=live }}</ref> 80% of the cost was proposed to be funded by JICA, and the remaining 20% by the State and Central governments.

In March 2014, T. Balakrishnan, Chairman and Managing Director of KHSRCL, denied that the project had been scrapped.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/highspeed-rail-to-take-kochikasaragod-route/article5782146.ece |title=High-speed rail to take Kochi-Kasaragod route |work=[[The Hindu]] |date= 14 March 2014 |access-date= 14 March 2014|last1=Pillai |first1=R. Ramabhadran }}</ref> In October 2014, Kerala Chief Minister Shri Oommen Chandy stated that the government wished to implement the project, and that the project was stalled due to protests. He also stated that the survey had been completed and the project would be implemented only with the support of people.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mangalam.com/print-edition/keralam/235504 |title=അതിവേഗ റെയില്: പിന്തുണച്ചാല് നടപ്പാക്കുമെന്നു മുഖ്യമന്ത്രി |publisher=[[Mangalam]] |date= 5 October 2014 |access-date= 5 October 2014}}</ref>

In June 2016, the newly elected Left government asked the DMRC to complete the DPR.{{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The DMRC submitted the detailed project report (DPR) to the state government in July 2016. The DMRC proposed constructing a {{convert|430|km|adj=on}} line from Kochuveli in Thiruvananthapuram up to Kannur, with an option to extend the line up to Mangalore in a later phase.<ref name="The Hindu1">{{cite news|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=S. Anil|title=From capital to Kannur in two hours|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/From-capital-to-Kannur-in-two-hours/article14484932.ece|website=The Hindu|date=12 July 2016|access-date=6 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> The Union Government approved the DMRC's draft report on 9 July 2016.<ref name="Mathrubhumi1">{{cite web|title=TVM-Kannur high-speed rail: Centre approves draft report|url=http://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/tvm-kannur-high-speed-rail-centre-approves-draft-report-english-news-1.1190035|website=Mathrubhumi|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>

In August 2016, the KHSRCL announced that it would conduct survey to determine public opinion of the proposed alignment. The survey is intended to prevent any possible protests over land acquisition and suppress dissent from opponents of development projects in the state.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=S. Anil|title=Public opinion on high-speed rail corridor to be elicited|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/Public-opinion-on-high-speed-rail-corridor-to-be-elicited/article14578903.ece|website=The Hindu|date=20 August 2016|access-date=6 February 2017|language=en}}</ref> The results of the survey, published in February 2017, found that 86% of the 13,447 people interviewed across 110 assembly constituencies in 11 districts were in favour of the project. Only 9% of those surveyed opposed the project, while 5% remained neutral. 73% of the respondents were aware of the project before being interviewed. Of those who had not heard of the project, 82% expressed support, while 88% of those who were aware expressed support. Supporters of the project believe that it will reduce travel time, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and accidents, and generate development in the state. Opponents of the project argue that the project will result in large-scale displacement of people as a result of land acquisition, take away the livelihood of farmers whose land is acquired, waste a large sum of money, and reduce the number of trees.<ref>{{cite web|title=86 percent people in Kerala want Thiruvananthapuram-Kannur high-speed rail corridor, reveals survey|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2017/feb/03/86-percent-people-in-kerala-want-thiruvananthapuram-kannur-high-speed-rail-corridor-reveals-survey-1566408.html|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Keralites 'in favour of high-speed rail project'|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/531413/Keralites-in-favour-of-high-speed-rail-project|website=Gulf-Times|access-date=6 February 2017|language=ar|date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Radhakrishnan|first1=S. Anil|title=Kerala gives a thumbs up to high-speed rail|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Kerala-gives-a-thumbs-up-to-high-speed-rail/article17155929.ece|website=The Hindu|access-date=6 February 2017|language=en|date=2 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2019, a survey by French consultant company Systra found that the Kochuveli-Kasaragod rail corridor could be financially viable.
Systra found that the project can recoup 6% of its cost every year after linking Thiruvananthapuram and Kochi airports.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala's semi high-speed rail project likely to be profitable: Survey|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2019/05/20/semi-high-speed-rail-project-in-kerala-maybe-profitabe.html|website=Onmanorama|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref> The state agency, Kerala State Remote Sensing and Environment Centre (KSERC), is supposed to submit the survey report by March 2020. After land acquisition order, a detailed project report (DPR) will be prepared by the [[Government of Kerala]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala's semi high-speed rail project likely to be profitable: Survey|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/semi-high-speed-rail-detailed-project-report-to-be-submitted-in-march-1.4554801|website=Mathrubhumi|date=24 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020}}</ref>



In January 2026, the Kerala Cabinet gave in-principle approval for a 583 km [[Namo Bharat|Regional Rapid Transit System]] (RRTS) corridor from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod as a replacement for the stalled SilverLine plan after repeated refusals by the Centre to sanction the latter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Cabinet approved RRTS line from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod after Centre did not approve SilverLine: Pinarayi Vijayan|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cabinet-approved-rrts-line-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod-after-centre-did-not-approve-silverline-pinarayi-vijayan/articleshow/127780925.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-29|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref>{{AI-retrieved source|date=March 2026|checked=no}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=RRTS to replace K-Rail; Cabinet approves Thiruvananthapuram-Kasaragod high-speed rail corridor|url=https://keralakaumudi.com/en/news/news.php?id=1689337&u=rrts-to-replace-k-rail-cabinet-approves-thiruvananthapuram-kasaragod-high-speed-rail-corridor|website=Keralakaumudi Daily|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Keralakaumudi|last=Daily}}</ref> The RRTS proposal, modelled on the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS corridor]], aims to operate at speeds of approximately 160 to 180 km/h, mainly on elevated viaducts to minimise land acquisition and environmental disruption, and the transport department has been tasked with initiating consultations with the [[Government of India|Union Government]] ahead of signing a memorandum of understanding.<ref>{{Cite news|title=State govt allocates funds for preliminary work on regional rapid transit system from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/state-govt-allocates-funds-for-preliminary-work-on-regional-rapid-transit-system-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod/articleshow/127778216.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-29|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Cabinet gives in-principle approval for regional rapid transit system from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasaragod|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cabinet-gives-in-principle-approval-for-regional-rapid-transit-system-from-thiruvananthapuram-to-kasaragod/articleshow/127723364.cms|work=The Times of India|date=2026-01-28|access-date=2026-01-31|issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In the Kerala Budget 2026–27, the state government allocated ₹100 crore for preliminary work on the RRTS project, with the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs]] reportedly extending support for its development, signaling early central engagement with the alternative scheme.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rs 100-crore push for high-speed rail|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2026/Jan/30/e100-crore-push-for-high-speed-rail|website=The New Indian Express|date=2026-01-30|access-date=2026-01-31|language=en|first=Express News|last=Service}}</ref>

== Project details ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Project Specifications
|-
|Project title||Silver Line
|-
|Total distance||{{convert|532.185|km|abbr=on}}
|-
|Travel time||less than 4 hours
|-
|Maximum speed||{{convert|220|km/h|abbr=on}}
|-
|Maximum operating speed||{{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on}}
|-
|Number of stations||11
|-
|Proposed project cost||{{INRConvert|63940.67|c}}
|-
|Tracks||2 (up & down)
|-
|Rolling stock||9 coaches initially
|-
|Expected daily ridership||67,740 pax<ref>{{cite web|title='Semi-high speed railway line is Kerala's transportation solution for future'|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/oct/27/semi-high-speed-railway-line-is-keralas-transportation-solution-for-future-2053517.html|website=Gulf-Times|access-date=5 November 2019|location=Kochi|date=27 October 2019}}</ref>
|}
In August 2021, the Revenue Department of Thiruvananthapuram published a list of survey numbers for land confiscation.<ref>{{Cite web|year=2021|title=G.O.(Ms)No.163/2021/RD|url=https://keralarail.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/GO-for-LA.pdf|website=|publisher=Revenue Department|publication-place=Thiruvananthapuram|via=Kerala Rail Development Corporation Limited (K-Rail)|quote=https://keralarail.com/projects/thiruvananthapuram-kasaragod-semi-high-speed-rail-shsr-project/}}</ref> [[Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board]] approved a loan of Rs 2100 crores for buying these lands from respective owners of these plots.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Land confiscation procedures for Silverline Semi High-Speed rail project begins|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/land-confiscation-procedures-for-silverline-semi-high-speed-rail-project-begins-semi-high-speed-rail-corridor-silverline-project-kerala-rail-1.5930460|access-date=2021-10-16|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=3 |Estimated time duration
|-
! Proposed Station
! Distance
! Time duration
|-
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|Start
|0 min
|-
|[[Kollam]]
|55 km
|24 min
|-
|[[Chengannur]]
|109 km
|48 min
|-
|[[Kottayam]]
|149 km
|1 hr 3 min
|-
|[[Kochi]]
|195 km
|1 hr 26 min
|-
|[[Cochin International Airport|Kochi Airport]]
| 220 km
|1 hr 35 min
|-
|[[Thrissur]]
|259 km
|1 hr 54 min
|-
|[[Tirur]]
|317 km
|2 hr 19 min
|-
|[[Kozhikode]]
|358 km
|2 hr 37 min
|-
|[[Kannur]]
|449 km
|3 hr 16 min
|-
|[[Kasaragod]]
|532 km
|3 hr 52 min
|}

== Plan ==
Kerala will get a special railway corridor along its {{convert|532|km|adj=on}} length, as the state government is set to build a {{INRConvert|66079|c}} rail line that will enable semi-high speed trains ply between upstate Kasaragod and the capital city of Thiruvananthapuram. The semi-high-speed corridor from Thiruvananthapuram to Kasargode would not have any [[level crossing]]s. K-Rail will have to acquire about {{convert|1200|ha}} for the project that will have the rails elevated along urban stretches. The trains will run at a maximum speed of {{convert|200|km/h}}. They will initially have nine coaches, and the number will be subsequently enhanced to 12. The travel charge is projected to be ₹2.75 per km (2.4¢ US/mi), and there will be an annual hike of 7.5 per cent.<ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2021|title=DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR) - Kerala SemiHSR|publisher=Keralarail.com|url=https://keralarail.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/SilverLine-DPR-TRAVEL-DEMAND-FORECAST.pdf|access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref>

K-Rail expects a ridership of 67,740 passengers a day. It estimates to carry 1,330 travellers in one direction at peak hours. For meeting the expenses of the {{INRConvert|66079|c}} project, {{INRConvert|34454|c}} will come as loans. The Centre and state will need to provide {{INRConvert|7720|c}} each. The Kerala government will spend {{INRConvert|8656|c}} on land acquisition and allied matters. The rest of the expenses will be met through other loans by the union and state governments. The rail line will pass through 11 of the state's 14 districts, and will stop at ten stations. Up its northward course from Thiruvananthapuram, these stations will be Kollam, Chengannur, Kottayam, Kochi, Kochi Airport, Thrissur, Tirur, Kozhikode and Kannur before reaching Kasaragod.
The ''SilverLine'' corridor will be 100% green project. K-Rail is set to adopt last-mile connectivity, with multi-modal integration, system-driven e-vehicle public transport system, charging as well as parking stations, which would take the state to next generation of urban mobility. The project will also adopt the latest world-class rail system technology like signalling system of ERTMS level-2 with automatic train control system, ticketing, communication, fully air-conditioned rolling stock with modern passenger amenities.
The main depot for the line will be located near the Kochuveli terminus.

==Protests==
There are many protests against K Rail initiative due to access of private land without a proper compensation and assent. Several people were arrested for non-cooperation.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-22 |title=Public protest against K-Rail intensifies across Malabar |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kozhikode/public-protest-against-k-rail-intensifies-across-malabar/articleshow/90364555.cms |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-03 |title=Nine arrested after protest against K-Rail project |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/nine-arrested-for-protesting-against-silverline-project/article65186811.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[High-speed rail in India]]
* [[K-Rail (Kerala Rail Development Corporation)]]

==References==
{{Attached KML}}

{{reflist|30em}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/041019/kochi-realty-boards-high-speed-rail.html|title=Kochi: Realty boards high-speed rail|last=Sethunath|first=KP|date=2019-10-04|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/thiruvananthapuram/cm-seeks-rlys-support-for-semi-high-speed-rail-line/articleshow/71319235.cms|title=CM Pinarayi Vijayan seeks railways' support for semi-high speed rail line |date=September 27, 2019|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/kochi-to-thiruvananthapuram-in-90-minutes-kerala-plans-200-kmph-semi-high-speed-rail-corridor-details-here/1669734/|title=Kochi to Thiruvananthapuram in 90 minutes! Kerala plans 200 kmph semi-high speed rail corridor; details here|date=2019-08-08|website=The Financial Express|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-23}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://www.newsclick.in/kerala-get-semi-high-speed-rail-corridor-joining-kasaragod-and-thiruvananthapuram|title=Kerala to Get Semi-high-speed Rail Corridor Joining Kasaragod and Thiruvananthapuram|date=2019-08-01|website=NewsClick|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/defence-clearance-for-lidar-survey/article29761264.ece|title=Defence clearance for LiDAR survey|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|date=2019-10-21|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
* {{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/study-finds-semi-high-speed-rail-line-feasible/article27130879.ece|title=Study finds semi-high-speed rail line feasible|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|date=2019-05-14|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-23|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/govt-approves-semi-high-speed-rail-project-alignment-1.3999961|title=Govt approves Semi-High-Speed rail project alignment|website=Mathrubhumi|date=30 July 2019 |language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}
* {{Cite web|url=https://english.manoramaonline.com/news/kerala/2019/09/09/planned-semi-high-speed-feeder-station.html|title=Planned semi-high-speed rail line may have 27 feeder stations too|website=OnManorama|language=en|access-date=2019-10-23}}

{{High-speed rail in India}}
{{Railways in Southern India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thiruvananthapuram - Kannur high-speed rail corridor}}
[[Category:High-speed railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Proposed railway lines in India]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Kerala]]
[[Category:Transport in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Transport in Kannur]]
[[Category:Standard-gauge railways in India]]

All India Mahila Sanskritik Sangathan

2026-03-11T08:01:17Z

LavernRuss601: improved page for clarity

{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
'''All India Mahila Samskritik Sanghatan''' (AIMSS) is the [[women's wing]] of the [[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]. AIMSS is active in 19 States.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Aditi Ray |date=2025-12-29 |title=Protests intensified at Jantar Manta against bail to Sengar in Unnao case |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2025/Dec/29/protests-intensified-at-jantar-manta-against-bail-to-sengar-in-unnao-case |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Prakriti |date=2017-10-28 |title=JNU students, women’s groups march to UGC office demanding restoration of GSCASH |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/10/28/jnu-ugc-gscash-students-protest |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Newslaundry |language=en}}</ref> All India President and General Secretary is Keya De and Chabi Mohanty.

The Karnataka wing of AIMSS organised a women's meet in December 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2024 |title=Women’s Meet on December 16 in Bengaluru |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/womens-meet-on-monday-dec-16/article68985285.ece |access-date=11 March 2026 |website=The Hindu}}</ref> In May 2022, along with other organisations, they opposed raising the marriageable age from 18 to 21 years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-05-18 |title='Raising marriageable age for women will criminalise consensual marriages among adults' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/raising-marriageable-age-for-women-will-criminalise-consensual-marriages-among-adults/articleshow/91644344.cms |access-date=2026-03-11 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The are active in many states of India in advocating for women's issues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thousands of Women Lead Protests on Mahila Kisan Divas {{!}} Peoples Democracy |url=https://peoplesdemocracy.in/2021/0124_pd/thousands-women-lead-protests-mahila-kisan-divas |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=peoplesdemocracy.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sneha |date=2023-05-25 |title=‘It’s a fight for dignity’: Why ASHA, women and farmer activists are joining the wrestlers’ protest |url=https://scroll.in/article/1049737/its-a-fight-for-dignity-why-asha-women-and-farmer-activists-are-joining-the-wrestlers-protest |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=Scroll.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-28 |title=Gujarat confidential: No To Liquor |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/gujarat-confidential-no-to-liquor-9085569/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>


[[File:ChayaMukherjeeaimss.JPG|thumb|Chaya Mukherjee addressing the Parliament March organized by AIMSS on the International Women's Day, 2010]]
[[File:Rajinder Sachar 2010 International Women's Day.jpg|thumb|Justice (Rtd) [[Rajinder Sachar]] addressing the Parliament March organized by AIMSS on the International Women's Day, 2010. Seated to his left is Dr. [[Tarun Mondal]], MP]]

==See also==
*[[Krantikari Adivasi Mahila Sangathan]]
*[[Mahila Atma Raksha Samiti]]
*[[National Federation of Indian Women]]
*[[Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.suci.in SUCI Website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060820040930/http://www.suci.in/ |date=20 August 2006 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060829120455/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/05/stories/2006010504680300.htm The Hindu: Protest against obscene posters]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140516212423/http://aimsswomensconference.org/ AIMSS 3rd All India Women's Conference]
{{Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)}}
[[Category:Women's wings of political parties in India]]
[[Category:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)]]
[[Category:Women's wings of communist parties]]

Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)

2026-03-07T10:43:08Z

LavernRuss601:

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Transport}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय परिवहन विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Transport [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Pratap Sarnaik]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''[[Madhuri Misal]]'''
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]

| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}
The '''Ministry of Transport''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]] and also manages the '''[[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]]''' state.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corporation |first=Maharashtra State Road Transport |title=MSRTC Online Booking {{!}} Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation Bus Routes {{!}} Timetable and Fares |url=https://npublic.msrtcors.com/reservation-home?faces-redirect=true&deviceType=browser#:~:text=The%20Maharashtra%20State%20Road%20Transport%20Corporation%20is,Notification%20MVA%203173/30303-XIIA%20dated%2029.11.1973%20in%20the |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=npublic.msrtcors.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to MSRTC :: Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation |url=https://msrtc.maharashtra.gov.in/GeneralPages/Home.aspx |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240519195252/https://msrtc.maharashtra.gov.in/GeneralPages/Home.aspx |archive-date=2024-05-19 |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=msrtc.maharashtra.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Pratap Sarnaik]]''' is Current Minister of Transport [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Newsband |title=Pratap Sarnaik takes charge as Transport Minister of Maharashtra |url=https://www.newsband.in/article_detail/Pratap%20Sarnaik%20takes%20charge%20as%20Transport%20Minister%20of%20Maharashtra |access-date=2026-02-27 |website=www.newsband.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-11-12 |title=Maharashtra Transport Minister instructs to start AI-driven toll collection system |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-transport-minister-instructs-to-start-ai-driven-toll-collection-system/article70267306.ece |access-date=2026-02-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Transport (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Transport}} '''मंत्री परिवहन विभाग'''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Pratap Sarnaik]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural =
*'''[[Shantilal Shah]]'''
(1960-1962)
| precursor =
* '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' (2024 - 2024)
| deputy =
* '''[[Madhuri Misal]]'''
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Transport
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shantilal Shah]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Vile Parle Assembly constituency|Vile Parle Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant I''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Gopalrao Bajirao Khedkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Akot Assembly constituency|Akot Constituency No. 28]]- [[Akola District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukar Dhanaji Chaudhari''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Raver Assembly constituency|Raver Constituency No. 11]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Hari Govindrao Vartak]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Bassein-Vasai Constituency No. 180]]- [[Palghar district|Palghar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|80px]] 
|'''[[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrivardhan Assembly constituency|Shrivardhan Constituency No. 193]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''M. B. Popat''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Dhobitalao Constituency No. 160]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''R. J. Deotale''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Bhadrawati Constituency No. 72]]- [[Chandrapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Baburao Kale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Ghansavangi Jalna Constituency No. 190]]- [[Jalna District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Baburao Kale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Ghansavangi Jalna Constituency No. 190]]- [[Jalna District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}"|
|
|'''[[Govindrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shrirampur Assembly constituency|Shrirampur Constituency No. 220]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1980|02|17}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|80px]]
|'''[[Babasaheb Bhosale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nehrunagar Assembly constituency|Nehrunagar Constituency No. 172]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''S. M. I. Aseer''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Ahmednagar South Constituency No. 223]]- [[Ahmednagar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Ramrao Adik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 05 - [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Anantrao Thopte''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor Constituency No. 203]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|23 May}} 1987
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1987|05|23}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|23 May }} 1987
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1987|05|23|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur Constituency No. 04]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vijaysinh Mohite Patil 2014-05-19 00-16.jpg|75px]] 
|'''[[Vijaysinh Mohite-Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malshiras Assembly constituency|Malshiras Constituency No. 254]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 March }} 1990
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|04|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:SHRI SHIVAJIRAO BAPUSAHEB DESHMUKH.jpg|80px]] 
|'''[[Shivajirao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 18 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|26 December}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1991|12|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="2" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Shankarrao Genuji Kolhe''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopargaon Assembly constituency|Kopargaon Constituency No. 219]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 December}} 1991
|{{small|22 February}} 1993
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1993|02|22}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Republican Party of India (Athawale)}}"|
|[[File:The Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Ramdas Athawale addressing a press conference on contemporary issues in Mumbai, at Mumbai on September 22, 2016.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Ramdas Athawale]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 11 - [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1995|03|14}}
|[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Pramod Navalkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Mumbai Graduates Constituency No. 06 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|19 September}} 1998
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1998|09|19}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="2" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Gajanan Kirtikar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Malad Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 September}} 1998
|{{small|31 January}} 1999
!{{ayd|1998|09|19|1999|01|31}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Gajanan Kirtikar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Malad Constituency No. 177]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Diwakar Raote]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 May }} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Shivajirao Moghe]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Arni Assembly constituency|Arni Constituency No. 80]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|2003|01|15}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Patangrao Kadam]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Palus-Kadegaon Assembly constituency|Palus-Kadegaon Constituency No. 285]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|27 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2003|01|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|
| '''[[Vikramsinh Patankar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 January}} 2003
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|27|2004|11|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur Constituency No. 04]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Surupsingh Hirya Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Navapur Assembly constituency|Navapur Constituency No. 04]]- [[Nandurbar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi Constituency No. 218]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Madhukarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Tuljapur Assembly constituency|Tuljapur Constituency No. 241]] - [[Dharashiv district|Dharashiv District]] Also Previously Known [[Osmanabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Vinod Tawde in 2015.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Vinod Tawde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Borivali Assembly constituency|Borivali Constituency No. 152]]- [[Mumbai Suburban District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|05 December}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2014|12|05}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Diwakar Raote]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 20 - [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|05 December}} 2014
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2014|12|05|2019|11|12}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Subhash Desai.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Subhash Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 09 - [[Mumbai Suburban District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Anil Parab]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 07 - [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''(In Charge)''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) 
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|08|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
|
|'''[[Pratap Sarnaik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Ovala-Majiwada Assembly constituency|Ovala-Majiwada Constituency No. 146]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Transport
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Satejpatil.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Satej Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by Kolhapur Local Authorities Constituency No. 06 - [[Kolhapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| [[Anil Parab]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant '''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|[[Eknath Shinde]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Madhuri Misal]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Parvati Assembly constituency|Parvati Constituency No. 212]]- [[Pune District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Pratap Sarnaik]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Subnational transport ministries|Maharashtra]]

Vyuham (2024 film)

2026-03-07T04:32:20Z

LavernRuss601: adding a details more to come

{{For|the 1990 Malayam film|Vyooham (1990 film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Vyuham
| image = Vyuham film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Ram Gopal Varma]]
| writer = Ram Gopal Varma
| producer = Dasari Kiran Kumar
| starring = {{ubl
| [[Ajmal Ameer]]
| [[Manasa Radhakrishnan]]
| Dhanunjay Prabhune
| Kota Jayaram
}}
| cinematography = Sajeesh Rajendran
| editing = Manish Thakur
| music = Anand
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|03|02}}
| runtime = 127 minutes
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| studio = RGV Den Products
| distributor = Ramadhuta Creations
}}
'''''Vyuham,''' also known as '''Vyooham''''', is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Biographical film|biographical]] [[Political cinema|political thriller]] film written and directed by [[Ram Gopal Varma]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=NewsTAP |date=2023-12-15 |title=Ram Gopal Varmas Vyuham censored with 'U' |url=https://www.newstap.in/cinema/ram-gopal-varmas-vyuham-censored-with-u-1509753 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.newstap.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk 16 |first=Disha Web |date=2023-06-01 |title=Ramgopal Varma: 'వ్యూహం' ప్రారంభం.. వైఎస్ జగన్, భారతి స్టిల్స్ రివీల్ |url=https://www.dishadaily.com/movie/controversial-director-ram-gopal-varma-introduced-the-cast-of-his-film-vyuham-218325 |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=www.dishadaily.com |language=te}}</ref> The film revolves around the unexpected events that led to the [[2009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash|untimely death]] of [[List of chief ministers of Andhra Pradesh|former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh]] [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]] and the subsequent events surrounding the creation of the [[YSR Congress Party]], led by his son [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]].<ref name="Mustafa">{{Cite web |last=Mustafa |first=Gulam |date=2023-12-29 |title=RGV's 'Vyuham' movie gets shocker from Telangana High Court, releases suspended |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/rgvs-vyuham-movie-gets-shocker-from-telangana-high-court-releases-suspended-847536 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Huma">{{Cite web |last=Huma |first=Fareedunnisa |date=2023-12-26 |title=Telugu Desam Party Approaches Telangana High Court Challenging Certification Of 'Vyuham' Film For Theatrical Release |url=https://www.livelaw.in/high-court/telangana-high-court/telangana-high-court-telugu-desam-party-vyuham-film-release-certificate-political-thriller-chandra-babu-naidu-corruption-245375 |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.livelaw.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-08-12 |title=Former MLA warns RGV against defaming TDP in his upcoming film 'Vyuham' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Visakhapatnam/former-mla-warns-rgv-against-defaming-tdp-in-his-upcoming-film-vyuham/article67188234.ece |access-date=2024-01-05 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The first part of the film was theatrically released on 2 March 2024, and the Part II titled ''Shapatham'' was released on 8 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2024/02/08/thc-directs-cbfc-to-reconstite-revising-committee-and-decide-certification-of-film-vyuham-legal-news/|title=Telangana High Court directs CBFC to reconstitute Revising Committee and decide certification of film 'Vyuham' on or before 09-02-2024|date=8 February 2024}}</ref>

== Cast ==
* [[Ajmal Ameer]] as [[Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
* [[Manasa Radhakrishnan]] as Y. S. Bharati
* Dhanunjay Prabhune as [[N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
* [[Vasu Inturi]]
* Kota Jayaram
* Rekha Prakash
* Surabhi Prabhavathi
* Elena Tuteja

== Production ==
The principal photography was in progress as at August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2024-01-04 |title=Andhra Pradesh CM Jagan Reddy pays courtesy visit to BRS supremo KCR |url=https://www.newstap.in/city-news/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-reddy-pays-courtesy-visit-to-brs-supremo-kcr-1513405 |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=www.newstap.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Vyooham
| type = film
| artist = Balaji
| released = 2023–2024
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=29|s=4}}
| language = Telugu
| label = Mango Music
| next_title = [[Shapatham]]
| next_year = 2024
| chronology = Balaji
| misc = {{external music video
| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|ILamm4pUafo|Vyooham Telugu Movie Audio Jukebox}}
}}
}}
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Deeksha
| length1 = 4:18
| lyrics1 = Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra1 = Sukhwinder Singh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vyooham {{!}} Song - Deeksha (Lyrical) {{!}} Telugu Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/vyooham-song-deeksha-lyrical/videoshow/104745959.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| title2 = YSRCP
| length2 = 4:02
| lyrics2 = Ranjith Kumar Ricky
| extra2 = [[Rahul Sipligunj]], Rohini
| title3 = Yedavakandi
| length3 = 3:16
| lyrics3 = Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra3 = RGV, Keertana Sesh
| title4 = Raavali Jagan
| length4 = 3:46
| lyrics4 = Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra4 = Keertana Sesh<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vyooham {{!}} Song - Raavali Jagan (Lyrical) {{!}} Telugu Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/vyooham-song-raavali-jagan-lyrical/videoshow/104646102.cms |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
| title5 = Deva
| length5 = 2:57
| lyrics5 = Ranjith Kumar Ricky. Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra5 = Keertana Sesh, Hymath Mohammed, Harsha Chavali, Naresh Mamindla, Sreedeep.K, Maruthi Kodimoju<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teja |first=Hari |date=2023-06-26 |title=Vyooham Telugu Movie 2024 {{!}} Cast & Crew Details, Release Date, Trailer, Songs, Review, Rating, Censor {{!}} Ajmal Amir {{!}} Ram Gopal Varma |url=https://thetelugufilmnagar.com/2023/06/26/vyooham-telugu-movie-2024-cast-crew-details-release-date-trailer-songs-review-rating-censor/ |access-date=2024-03-06 |website=Telugu Filmnagar |language=en-US}}</ref>
| title6 = Ja Ja Jagan
| length6 = 3:20
| lyrics6 = Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra6 = Keertana Sesh, Vinayak, Harsha Chavali, Naresh Mamindla, Sreedeep.K, Maruthi Kodimoju<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2024-03-01 |title='Ja Ja Jagan' song from Vyuham out |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Mar/01/ja-ja-jagan-song-from-vyuham-out-52527.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
| title7 = Jagananna
| length7 = 2:30
| lyrics7 = Ranjith Kumar Ricky
| extra7 = Venky
| title8 = Nijam
| length8 = 2:02
| lyrics8 = Ranjith Kumar Ricky
| extra8 = Vinayak
| title9 = Vyooham
| length9 = 2:50
| lyrics9 = Rajasekhar Sudmoon
| extra9 = Keertana Sesh
| total_length = 29:04
}}

== Controversies ==

=== Suspension of release ===
The film was initially scheduled for 10 November 2023, but was delayed due to a member of the censor board refusing to certify the film, after they received a letter from [[Nara Lokesh]] urging not to certify the film.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-02 |title=RGV's Propaganda Film: Lokesh Is No CBN |url=https://www.m9.news/politics/rgv-propaganda-film-vyooham-nara-lokesh-is-no-chandrababu-naidu/ |access-date=2024-03-04 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref> Afterwards, it was temporarily suspended by [[Telangana High Court]] until 11 January 2024. The hearing was scheduled to be held on 8 January 2024.<ref name="Mustafa"/><ref name="Huma"/>{{update inline|date=February 2024}}

=== Propaganda accusations ===
Nara Lokesh, son of N. Chandrababu Naidu, expressed concern that this movie was shot with the intention of tarnishing his father's image. CBFC has once already refused to certify the film by raising objections on content, and has commented the film as an attempt to spread propaganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=TV9 |date=2023-08-14 |title=Vyuham: వ్యూహంతో పొలిటికల్ హీట్ పెంచేసిన ఆర్జీవీ.. రిలీజ్ అప్పుడు రచ్చ తప్పదా |url=https://tv9telugu.com/andhra-pradesh/can-rgv-truly-influence-voters-with-the-vyuham-movie-1036625.html |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=TV9 Telugu |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-02 |title=Censor Board Rejects RGV's Propaganda Film |url=https://www.m9.news/movienews/censor-board-rejects-rgvs-propaganda-film-vyooham/ |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=M9.news |language=en-US}}</ref>

Congress leader Nageswara Rao filed a petition in High court of Telangana citing that the film depicts [[Sonia Gandhi]] with a negative image.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 December 2023 |title=Congress Leader Files Petition Against Vyuham' |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/291223/congress-leader-files-petition-against-vyuham.html |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref>

== Certification ==
On 13 December 2023, the film has received U certificate from [[Central Board of Film Certification]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CBFC {{!}} Search Film |url=https://www.cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwNzE5MTAyMDIzMDAwNDA= |access-date=2024-01-04 |website=www.cbfcindia.gov.in}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt27930213}}

{{Ram Gopal Varma|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Biographical films about politicians]]
[[Category:Censored films]]
[[Category:Films set in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Films about dysfunctional families]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Ram Gopal Varma]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Andhra Pradesh Police]]
[[Category:Films about social issues in India]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films about social realism]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Fiction about law enforcement]]
[[Category:Films about Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy]]
[[Category:Films about N. Chandrababu Naidu]]
[[Category:Films about aviation accidents or incidents]]
[[Category:Film censorship in India]]
[[Category:Films about political movements]]
[[Category:Films set in the 2010s]]
[[Category:Films set in 2014]]
[[Category:Films set in 2009]]
[[Category:Films subject to a lawsuit]]
[[Category:Indian biographical films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime drama films]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian propaganda films]]
[[Category:Nehru–Gandhi family]]
[[Category:Political controversies in India]]
[[Category:Political controversies in film]]

Aram + Aram = Kinnaram

2026-03-03T20:55:03Z

LavernRuss601: further update article for consistency to improve readability

{{short description|1985 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Aram + Aram = Kinnaram
| image = Aram + Aram Kinnaram.jpg
| caption =
| director = [[Priyadarshan]]
| producer = Geetha Mathew
| screenplay = [[Sreenivasan]]
| starring = [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] [[Mohanlal]] Sreenivasan [[Jagathi Sreekumar]] [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] [[Maniyanpilla Raju]]
| based_on = ''[[Pasand Apni Apni]]'' by [[Basu Chatterjee]] ''[[Naram Garam]]'' by [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]
| music = [[Reghu Kumar]]
| cinematography = [[S. Kumar (cinematographer)|S. Kumar]]
| editing = V. P. Krishnan
| studio = Centenary Productions
| distributor = Gandhimathi Release
| released = {{Film date|1985|8|9|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = {{INR Convert|7|l}}<ref name="budget"/>
| gross =
}}
'''''Aram + Aram = Kinnaram''''' is a 1985 Indian [[Malayalam]]-language [[slapstick comedy]] film directed by [[Priyadarshan]] and written by [[Sreenivasan]]. It stars [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]], [[Mohanlal]], [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] and Puja Saxena.

The plot element is inspired by 2 Hindi films - ''[[Naram Garam]]'' and ''[[Pasand Apni Apni]]'' (which itself is inspired by the English film ''[[Happy Go Lovely]]''). A famous hotel comedy sequence from this movie was reused by [[Priyadarshan]] in his 2005 Hindi movie ''[[Garam Masala (2005 film)|Garam Masala]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaeXBKigDwg|title = Best Malayalam comedy aram + aram kinnaram reg 15915|website = [[YouTube]]| date=11 August 2012 }}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story revolves around two friends{{mdash}}Narayanan Kutty and Balan. Working as a mechanic at K & K Automobiles in [[Chennai]], Narayanan Kutty is flirtatious. Although he has never been successful in wooing any girl, he loves boasting cooked up stories about his encounters with rich girls in and around the city. Manoharan, the proprietor of K & K Automobiles, always falls in deep trouble because of the careless attitude of Narayanan Kutty at the work place. Balan, his roommate, a jobless chap is in all efforts to find a job with the help of Narayanan Kutty, as he has to marry Ammukutty, his love interest in the village.

From the driver of M. N. Nambiar, the owner of Continental Group, Narayanan Kutty finds out that Nambiar is always sympathetic to [[leukemia]] patients and will do anything to support them, as he himself was a former survived patient. Balan meets Nambiar and successfully fools him by claiming to be a leukemia patient, who is in deep financial trouble. Balan is offered a job at the company as an attender.

In the meantime, Narayanan Kutty himself spreads a gossip that he is the fiancé of Mala, the daughter of M. N. Nambiar. Sujatha, a close buddy of Mala impostors Mala and contact Narayanan Kutty, with the knowledge of Mala. As a part of a plan to fool him, Mala approaches him as Sujatha, who disguise as a news reporter to interview him about his relationship with the daughter of Nambiar. Soon, Narayanan Kutty falls in love with Mala, whom he believes to be Sujatha. Things get complicated for him as she also reciprocates in the same manner.

On the other hand, the life of Balan was going too smoothly until the parents of his fiancée arrive in the city along with her to see his office. Balan, who is actually a peon at the office had lied to them that he is the manager of the company. Gopi Krishnan (whose original name is Thankappan and he gets angry when he is called so) and Saravanan are two employees in M. N. Nambiar's office who are in constant fight. Balan tries to use Gopi Krishnan against Saravanan who tries to fall in love with Ammukutty. To add more trouble, Nambiar decides to marry again, to which his daughter objects vehemently, inviting more clashes. Ammukutty's parents decide not to marry Ammukutty to Balan upon finding out he is the peon. Gopi Krishnan and Saravanan hire [[goonda]]s to kidnap Ammukutty and marry her, and they fight. Balan arrives at the right time. Meanwhile, Narayanan Kutty and Mala marry. Balan saves Ammukutty from Gopi Krishnan and Saravanan and marries her.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]] as Balan
* [[Mohanlal]] as Narayanan Kutty, Balan's Friend
* Pooja Saxena as Mala, Narayanan Kutty's Love Interest
* [[Lissy (Malayalam actress)|Lissy]] as Sujatha, Mala's Friend
* [[Sreenivasan]] as Gopi Krishnan/Thankappan
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Manoharan
* [[Maniyanpilla Raju]] as Saravanan
* [[Sukumari]] as Karthiyayani, Balan's Aunt
* [[Thilakan]] as M. N. Nambiar, Mala's Father
*[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]] as M. N. Nambiar's Driver
* [[C. I. Paul]] as Balan's Uncle
* [[Kundara Johny]] as Ashokan, Goonda
* [[Ragini (Malayalam actress)|Ragini]] as Ammukutty, Balan's Fiancée
* Sunitha Sharma as Maggie
* [[James (Malayalam actor)|James]] as Govindan, a mechanic
* Pavithran as Mechanic Joseph
* [[Bobby Kottarakkara]] as waiter at restaurant
}}

==Production==
The film was made on a small budget compared to other films at that time, just close to {{INR Convert|7|l|year=1985}}.<ref name="budget">{{cite news|last=മാത്യു|first=മനോജ്|title='അരം + അരം = കിന്നര'ത്തിനു 7 ലക്ഷം, ആറാം തമ്പുരാന് 2.5 കോടി|url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/films-lucrative-growth-malayalam-story.html|access-date=17 November 2016|work=[[Malayala Manorama]]|date=14 November 2016}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
The music was composed by [[Raghu Kumar]], lyrics were written by [[Poovachal Khader]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! No. !! Song !! Singer(s) !! Lyrics !! Length
|-
| 1 || "Poru Neeyen Devi" || [[K. J. Yesudas]] || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|-
| 2 || "Premichu Poy Ninne" || [[P. Jayachandran]], [[Unni Menon]], Miss Reddy || [[Poovachal Khader]] ||
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0254968}}
* [https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1706 Malayala Chalachithram]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141021154105/http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?1356 Malayala Sangeetham]
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20141021192839/http://spicyonion.com/title/aram-aram-kinnaram-malayalam-movie/ Spicy Onion]}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120205120033/http://malayalam.deepikaglobal.com/feature/Featuredetails.asp?ncode=3062&feature_cat=Cat19 Article in ''Deepika'']

{{Priyadarshan}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aram plus Aram Kinnaram}}
[[Category:1985 films]]
[[Category:1985 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Sreenivasan]]
[[Category:Films scored by Raghu Kumar]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films directed by Priyadarshan]]

V1 (film)

2026-03-03T03:03:54Z

LavernRuss601: adding basic data w/ infobox...

{{short description|2019 Tamil film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = V1
| image = File:V1 film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Release poster
| native_name = 
| director = [[Pavel Navageethan]]
| producer = Arvind Dharmaraj N A Ramu Sarvanan Ponraj
| writer = Pavel Navageethan
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| starring = Ram Arun Castro [[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya Pillai]]
| narrator =
| music = Ronnie Raphel
| cinematography = Krishnasekar T.S
| editing = C.S. Prem Kumar
| studio =
| distributor = Positive Print Studios
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2019|12|27}}
| runtime = 114 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''V1''''', also known as '''''V1 Murder Case''''', is a 2019 [[Tamil language|Tamil]] [[suspense thriller film]] directed by [[Pavel Navageethan]] in his directorial debut.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vada Chennai-actor Pavel Navageethan to make directorial debut with crime thriller V1 |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/05/vada-chennai-actor-pavel-navageethan-to-make-directorial-debut-with-crime-thriller-v1-12778.html |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref> The film stars Ram Arun Castro and [[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya Pillai]].<ref name="Hindu1">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=2 December 2019 |title='Content-driven films also require stars as leads': Pavel Navageethan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/content-driven-films-also-require-stars-as-leads-pavel-navageethan/article30136253.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> The film was released on 27 December 2019.

== Plot ==

The movie follows Inspector Agni (Ram Arun Castro), a forensic expert who is undergoing treatment for [[nyctophobia]] and is suffering from hallucinations about a past murder. His colleague, Inspector Luna ([[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya Pillai]]), convinces him to take the case of a recently murdered young woman. The duo interrogate the victim's boyfriend Inba (Lijeesh), who admits that he and Narmadha (Gayathri) had been going through a rough patch while living together. Agni is convinced that someone else is involved in the crime and interrogates the victim’s friend as well as a man who was in touch with her just before her murder. Inba is then found dead at his residence with a suicide note, although the team observes someone fleeing the scene.

The reason for Agni's [[nyctophobia]] is shown in a [[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]]. Agni was living with his wife Blessie. One day, Agni finds Blessie dead near the staircase and chases the person at the scene who dies by accident during the chase. To Agni's shock, it is revealed that Blessie had accidentally fallen while holding a gun. Agni realizes that Blessie's death was an accident and his incorrect intuition led to the death of an innocent man. Drowned by his guilt, Agni takes in the dead man's only daughter Sam and puts her in an orphanage.

After discovering Agni's nyctophobia, his boss forces Agni to resign, but he vows to find the culprit before leaving his position. In the course of his investigation, Sam is trapped with a [[paedophile]] who was a suspect in Narmadha's case. Agni saves Sam and kills the suspect, thus overcoming his [[phobia]]. Despite all indications, Agni continues interrogations and sets his eyes on Narmadha's father. Finally, he discovers that Narmadha's father killed her by stabbing her neck with a pen as revenge for her relationship with a lower-caste man. Following the arrest of her father, Agni rejoins the force and brings Sam to live with him.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*Ram Arun Castro as Agni, Forensic Officer
*[[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya Pillai]] as Luna
*Gayathri as Narmadha
*[[Lingesh|Lijeesh]] as Inba
*[[Mime Gopi]] as Chain snatcher's father
*[[Linga (actor)|Linga]] as Sidharthan
*[[Ramachandran Durairaj]] as Agni's assistant
*[[Eashvar Karthic]] as Avinashi
*Mona Bedre as Sakhi
}}

== Production ==
Director and scriptwriter [[Pavel Navageethan|Navageethan]] struggled to finance the picture. He finally found a producer after film editor Prem Kumar told the story to 100 producers. Ram Arun Castro and Malayalam actress [[Vishnupriya (actress)|Vishnupriya Pillai]] were signed to play the lead roles.<ref name="Hindu1" />

== Release and reception ==
The film released to mixed reviews. The ''Times of India'' gave the film two out of five stars praising the lack of songs, performances of Castro and Vishnupriya, and the engaging first half, but criticized the second half of the film as it lacked the important elements of a thriller.<ref>{{Cite web |title=V1 Murder Case Movie Review: Starts off promisingly, but fails to hold the attention. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/v1-murder-case/movie-review/72989194.cms |website=Times of India}}</ref> ''Sify'' praised the intriguing beginning, but criticized the screenplay and forced climax.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Review: V1 review: An amateurish suspense thriller (2019) |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/v1-review-an-amateurish-suspense-thriller-review-tamil-tm1mL5dfiacgd.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227084933/https://www.sify.com/movies/v1-review-an-amateurish-suspense-thriller-review-tamil-tm1mL5dfiacgd.html |archive-date=27 December 2019 |website=www.sify.com}}</ref> ''The Hindu'' praised the scene where each character recounts the events in different ways but criticized the screenplay and the unreliability of certain scenes.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=26 December 2019 |title='V1' movie review: Not a watertight case |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/v1-movie-review-not-a-watertight-case/article30402538.ece |website=The Hindu}}</ref> ''Deccan Chronicle'' said that the film is "enjoyable in parts" and criticized the film's climax and the murderer's reason for killing. On the other hand, the ''Deccan Chronicle'' praised the performances of Castro and Vishnupriya, the screenplay, and the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=28 December 2019 |title=V1 review: Enjoyable in parts |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/281219/v1-review-enjoyable-in-parts.html |website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> ''Indian Express'' wrote "Though the reason in V1 does have its shock value, it suffers from miserable staging".<ref>{{Cite web |title='V1' movie review: An okay whodunit pulled down by its indulgence |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/dec/28/v1-movie-review-an-okay-whodunit-pulled-down-by-its-indulgence-2081785.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> ''Silverscreen'' wrote "Debutant Pavel’s bullet strikes but loses its momentum half-way through while attempting to justify the genre".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 December 2019 |title=V1 Murder Case Movie Review: An Earnest Whodunit That Misses Out On The Bigger Picture By Focusing On Smaller Aspects |url=https://silverscreen.in/reviews/v1-murder-case-tamil-movie-review-ram-Arun-Castro-Bishnupriya-lijeesh-Pavel-navageethan/}}{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|11497402}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:2019 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:2019 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:2019 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Crazxy

2026-03-02T04:35:45Z

LavernRuss601: put up a post added tags - done

{{Short description|2025 Hindi language Psychological thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Crazxy
| image = Crazxy poster.jpg
| alt = Theatrical release poster
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = [[Girish Kohli]]
| writer = Girish Kohli
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on =
| producer = {{Ubl|[[Sohum Shah]]|Mukesh Shah|Amita Shah|Adesh Prasad|Ankit Jain}}
| starring = {{Ubl|Sohum Shah}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = {{Ubl|Sunil Borkar|Kuldeep Mamania}}
| editing = {{Ubl|[[Sanyukta Kaza]]|Rythem Lath}}
| music = {{Ubl|'''Songs:'''|[[Vishal Bhardwaj]]|[[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]|The Red Kettle|[[Manan Bhardwaj]]|KhullarG|Yeah Proof|Harshavardhan Rameshwar|Osho Jain|'''Score:'''|[[Jesper Kyd]]}}
| studio = Sohum Shah Films
| distributor = [[AA Films]]
| released = {{film date|df=yes|2025|02|28}}
| runtime = 93 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crazxy |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTEzMDIyMDI1MDAyMDM= |website=Central Board of Film Certification}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross = {{estimation}} {{INR}}11.09 crore<ref name="bo1">{{cite news |title=Crazxy Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/crazxy/box-office/#bh-movie-box-office |access-date=3 March 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=3 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''''Crazxy''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Hindi|Hindi-language]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by [[Girish Kohli]] in his directorial debut and produced by [[Sohum Shah]], Mukesh Shah, Amita Shah and Adesh Prasad and co-produced by Ankit Jain under Sohum Shah Films. The film stars Sohum in the lead role and one of the only three on-screen characters, apart from his on-screen daughter and Prasad the abductor, as surgeon Abhimanyu Sood, who races against time to rescue his daughter from a kidnapper.<ref>{{cite news |title='Crazxy' ft Sohum Shah among IMDb's top 5 most anticipated Indian films |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/crazxy-ft-sohum-shah-among-imdbs-top-5-most-anticipated-indian-films-1503396837.html |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=11 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

Kohli provided the script to Sohum in late 2019 and the latter decided to self-finance the film. Production began in 2022 and continued for two-and-a-half years, with cinematography handled by Sunil Borkar and Kuldeep Mamania, and edited by [[Sanyukta Kaza]] and Rythem Lath, whilst Jesper Kyd composed the original score. The film also featured a soundtrack composed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]], The Red Kettle, [[Manan Bhardwaj]], KhullarG, Yeah Proof, Harshavardhan Rameshwar and Osho Jain.

''Crazxy'' was theatrically released on 28 February 2025.

==Synopsis==
Abhimanyu Sood, a surgeon, races against time to rescue his daughter from a kidnapper. A talented surgeon charged for a medical negligence has to pay the price for mistakes of his past.

==Cast==
* [[Sohum Shah]] as Dr. Abhimanyu Sood

'''Voice-only roles'''

* [[Tinnu Anand]] as Gurudutt Prasad (cameo also)
* [[Nimisha Sajayan]] as Bobby, Abhimanyu's ex-wife
* [[Shilpa Shukla]] as "Jaan", Abhimanyu's girlfriend
* [[Piyush Mishra]] as "White Coat" / Dr. Nihal Chatterjee

==Production==

=== Development ===
In May 2023, in an interaction with Ankita Kanabar of ''[[The Times of India]]'', Sohum Shah described about his subsequent project ''Crazy'' which is "[just about] one character who is travelling alone in the car and the film slowly unfolds" and would feature him in different characters.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-23 |title=Sohum Shah confirms 'Tumbbad 2', talks about his next film 'Crazy' and his dream project - Exclusive details |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sohum-shah-confirms-tumbbad-2-talks-about-his-next-film-crazy-and-his-dream-project-exclusive-details/articleshow/100454721.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240915063213/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sohum-shah-confirms-tumbbad-2-talks-about-his-next-film-crazy-and-his-dream-project-exclusive-details/articleshow/100454721.cms |archive-date=2024-09-15 |access-date=2025-03-07 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In October 2024, during the re-release of ''[[Tumbbad]]'' (2018), Sohum officially announced the project under the title ''Crazxy''.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 October 2024 |title=''Tumbbad'' makers announce their next film ''Crazxy'' with a motion poster |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/tumbbad-makers-announce-their-next-film-crazxy-with-a-motion-poster-69057.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213135409/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tumbbads-hastar-daadi-and-vinayak-announce-release-date-of-crazxy/cid/2080930 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was produced by Sohum himself with Mukesh Shah, Amita Shah, Adesh Prasad with Ankit Jain serving as the co-producer, and was directed by screenwriter [[Girish Kohli]] in his directorial debut.<ref name="auto">{{cite news |title=Sohum Shah announces next feature 'Crazxy', film to release in March 2025 |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sohum-shah-announces-next-feature-crazxy-film-to-release-in-march-2025-3229941 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241105232409/https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/sohum-shah-announces-next-feature-crazxy-film-to-release-in-march-2025-3229941 |archive-date=5 November 2024 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Awasthi |first1=Pragati |date=13 October 2024 |title=Tumbbad actor Sohum Shah announces next feature Crazxy, film to release in March 2025 |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/tumbbad-actor-sohum-shah-announces-next-feature-crazxy-film-to-release-in-march-2025-766968 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[WION]] |language=en}}</ref>

Girish provided him the script to Sohum in 2019, and the latter greenlit the project in early 2020, before the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Poddar |first=Atreyee |date=2025-02-28 |title=Sohum Shah talks about his new movie 'Crazxy', in theatres now |url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Feb/28/sohum-shah-talks-about-his-intense-new-thriller-crazxy-in-theatres-today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307073644/https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2025/Feb/28/sohum-shah-talks-about-his-intense-new-thriller-crazxy-in-theatres-today |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Indulgexpress]] |language=en}}</ref> However, as Sohum approached several studios, they declined it due to its non-commercial viability, resulting in Sohum financing the film under his own production.<ref name=":1" /> Sohum described the script as a "page turner" while reading the script and felt immediately connected with it.<ref name=":1" /> He played the role of Abhimanyu, a surgeon who races against time to rescue his kidnapped daughter, describing the role as "emotionally tough [and] physically demanding".<ref name=":1" /> The film also featured other actors, [[Tinnu Anand]], [[Nimisha Sajayan]] and [[Shilpa Shukla]], though many of them do not appear on-screen, and either their characters would be seen in photographs or voice calls.<ref name=":1" />

=== Filming ===
Principal photography began in 2022 and took nearly two-and-a-half years for the film's production.<ref name=":1" /> Much of the film was completed in a single schedule.<ref name=":1" /> Sohum also drove in the chase sequences, which were considered to be dangerous and found acting and driving simultaneously was not that easy.<ref name=":1" /> Kohli recalled an incident where filming was halted due to the heavy rainfall in [[Chambal (region)|Chambal]]. The cars were stuck in the mud, which resulted in the actors to walk through knee-deep sludge to continue production and tractors being brought in to pull the vehicles out, and the team resumed filming the following day.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-05 |title=Crazxy director Girish Kohli reflects on struggles behind shooting the film due to rain in Chambal: ' har kahaani ek Crazxy kahaani hai' |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/crazxy-director-girish-kohli-reflects-on-struggles-behind-shooting-the-film-due-to-rain-in-chambal-har-kahaani-ek-crazxy-kahaani-hai-article-12957231.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307073417/https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/crazxy-director-girish-kohli-reflects-on-struggles-behind-shooting-the-film-due-to-rain-in-chambal-har-kahaani-ek-crazxy-kahaani-hai-article-12957231.html |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-05 |title=When Crazxy shoot was disrupted in Chambal due to crazy rain, crew had to walk through knee-deep mud, deets inside |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/crazxy-shoot-disrupted-chambal-due-crazy-rain-crew-walk-knee-deep-mud-deets-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307075348/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sanam-teri-kasam-producer-deepak-mukut-pens-emotional-note-harshvardhan-rane-mawra-hocane-film-finds-audience-says-filmmaking-act-faith/ |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref> Another incident happened, in where the filming was held in a remote village in [[Maharashtra]], a group of villagers stole the [[counterfeit money]] which was used for shooting, mistakenly for real money.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2025-02-14 |title=Sohum Shah's Film Crazxy Faced A Fake Money Heist In Remote Village In Maharashtra? Find Out Here |url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/sohum-shah-s-film-crazxy-faced-a-fake-money-heist-in-remote-village-in-maharashtra-find-out-here-2858826.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307080800/https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/sohum-shah-s-film-crazxy-faced-a-fake-money-heist-in-remote-village-in-maharashtra-find-out-here-2858826.html |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Zee News]] |language=en}}</ref> Afterwards, the crew announced the village about the incident, after which the villagers returned the money to the crew members.<ref name=":2" /> The film was made on a production budget of {{INRConvert|4|c}} with print and advertising costs of around {{INRConvert|4.4|c}}, accounting the overall costs to around {{INRConvert|8.4|c}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2025-03-06 |title=Crazxy emerges as more than 300% profitable for Sohum Shah Films at an investment of Rs. 8.4 crores and total returns of Rs. 30 crores. Here's how… 300 |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/crazxy-emerges-300-profitable-sohum-shah-films-investment-rs-8-4-crores-total-returns-rs-30-crores-heres/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307081054/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sanam-teri-kasam-producer-deepak-mukut-pens-emotional-note-harshvardhan-rane-mawra-hocane-film-finds-audience-says-filmmaking-act-faith/ |archive-date=2025-03-07 |access-date=2025-03-07 |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Main|Crazxy (soundtrack)}}
Jesper Kyd has composed the original score. The songs are composed by [[Vishal Bhardwaj]], [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]], [[Anand Bakshi]], [[Jesper Kyd]], Harshavardhan Rameshwar and Osho Jain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sohum Shah announces next feature 'Crazxy' |url=https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/sohum-shah-announces-next-feature-crazxy-film-to-release-in-march-2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Udayavani]] |language=kn |archive-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102172931/https://www.udayavani.com/english-news/sohum-shah-announces-next-feature-crazxy-film-to-release-in-march-2025 |url-status=live }}</ref> The lyrics have been written by [[Gulzar]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pande |first1=Shreyas |title=Crazxy Teaser: Sohum Shah is Abhimanyu stuck in a labyrinth on the 'worst day of his life' |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Feb/05/crazxy-teaser-sohum-shah-is-abhimanyu-stuck-in-a-labyrinth-on-the-worst-day-of-his-life |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=5 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
{{Tracklist
| headline = Track listing
| total_length = 38:08
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Mitron Maidaan
| length1 = 3:24
| music1 = [[Harshavardhan Rameshwar]]
| lyrics1 = Ashim Kemson
| extra1 = [[Babbu Maan]]
| title2 = Paapi
| length2 = 3:39
| music2 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics2 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]]
| extra2 = [[Romy]], Khullar G (Rap)
| title3 = Pul
| length3 = 4:23
| music3 = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics3 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra3 = [[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
| title4 = Paapi 2.0
| length4 = 2:42
| music4 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]], Yeah Proof
| lyrics4 = [[Manan Bhardwaj]]
| extra4 = [[Romy]], Khullar G (Rap)
| title5 = O Papa
| length5 = 4:15
| music5 = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics5 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra5 = Devika Sharma
| title6 = Chann Ve
| length6 = 3:40
| music6 = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics6 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra6 = [[Sukhwinder Singh]]
| title7 = O Papa (Orchestral)
| length7 = 4:38
| music7 = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics7 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra7 = Devika Sharma, [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| title8 = Yun Hi Chale Gaye
| length8 = 4:41
| music8 = Osho Jain
| lyrics8 = Osho Jain
| extra8 = [[KS Chithra]]
| title9 = Goli Maar Bheje Mein
| length9 = 3:38
| music9 = [[Vishal Bhardwaj]]
| lyrics9 = [[Gulzar]]
| extra9 = [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] [[Ila Arun]]
| title10 = Abhimanyu
| length10 = 3:46
| music10 = Kaizad Gherda, [[Laxmikant–Pyarelal]]
| lyrics10 = [[Anand Bakshi]]
| extra10 = [[Kishore Kumar]]
}}

==Release==
=== Theatrical ===
''Crazxy'' was initially announced for theatrical release on 7 March 2025, but was advanced to 28 February.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite news |date=2 February 2025 |title=Sohum Shah's Crazxy release date preponed |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Feb/02/sohum-shahs-crazxy-release-date-preponed |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250307081902/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2025/Feb/02/sohum-shahs-crazxy-release-date-preponed |archive-date=7 March 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |language=en}}</ref> Its current release was announced with a promotional video that featured ''Tumbbad''<nowiki/>'s principal characters—Hastar, Daadi and Vinayak.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2025 |title='Tumbbad' characters Hastar, Daadi and Vinayak announce Sohum Shah's 'Crazxy' release date |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tumbbads-hastar-daadi-and-vinayak-announce-release-date-of-crazxy/cid/2080930 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213135409/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/tumbbads-hastar-daadi-and-vinayak-announce-release-date-of-crazxy/cid/2080930 |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|Telegraph India]]}}</ref> The film's [[teaser trailer]] was released on 5 February,<ref>{{cite news |date=5 February 2025 |title=Crazxy teaser out: Sohum Shah's next film after Tumbbad re-release is based on father's redemption {{!}} WATCH |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/crazxy-teaser-out-sohum-shah-s-next-film-after-tumbbad-re-release-is-based-on-father-s-redemption-watch-2025-02-05-974802 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207153047/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/news/crazxy-teaser-out-sohum-shah-s-next-film-after-tumbbad-re-release-is-based-on-father-s-redemption-watch-2025-02-05-974802 |archive-date=7 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[India TV]] |language=en}}</ref> followed by the [[theatrical trailer]] on 17 February.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2025 |title=Crazxy trailer: Sohum Shah gives it all to save his daughter in this intriguing race-against-time thriller |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/crazxy-trailer-sohum-shah-gives-it-all-to-save-his-daughter-in-this-intriguing-race-against-time-thriller-9840819/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221105535/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/crazxy-trailer-sohum-shah-gives-it-all-to-save-his-daughter-in-this-intriguing-race-against-time-thriller-9840819/ |archive-date=21 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=17 February 2025 |title=Crazxy Trailer Released: Sohum Shah's upcoming thriller promises a wild ride, hits cinemas on... {{!}} Watch video |url=https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/crazxy-trailer-released-sohum-shahs-upcoming-thriller-promises-a-wild-ride-hits-cinemas-on-watch-video-article-118329625/amp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250228190102/https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/crazxy-trailer-released-sohum-shahs-upcoming-thriller-promises-a-wild-ride-hits-cinemas-on-watch-video-article-118329625/amp |archive-date=28 February 2025 |access-date=18 February 2025 |work=[[ET Now]] |language=en}}</ref> The film was distributed by [[AA Films]] across Indian theatres.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 February 2025 |title=Sohum Shah's 'Crazxy' released in theatres on February 28. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sohum-shahs-crazxy-is-set-to-release-in-theatres-on-february-28/articleshow/117832460.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250213135409/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/sohum-shahs-crazxy-is-set-to-release-in-theatres-on-february-28/articleshow/117832460.cms |archive-date=13 February 2025 |access-date=13 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In response to the audience's feedback, the makers decided to change the climax and screen the film with the new climax from 7 March 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=Days after release, makers of Sohum Shah's Crazxy change climax |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/days-after-release-makers-of-sohum-shah-crazxy-change-climax-23495234 |access-date=6 March 2025 |website=[[Mid-Day]]|date=6 March 2025 }}</ref>

=== Pre-release business ===
Crazxy's satellite, digital, and music rights were sold for {{INR|15 crore}}.<ref name=":0" /> The film will begin streaming on [[Amazon Prime Video]] from 25 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-04-21 |title=Sohum Shah starrer Crazxy to release on OTT; deets inside |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/sohum-shah-starrer-crazxy-release-ott-deets-inside/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
=== Box office ===
The film had a slow start, earning ₹0.80 crore on its opening day in India.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |title=Crazxy Box Office Collection |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/crazxy/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |access-date=5 June 2025}}</ref> Over its opening weekend, it collected approximately ₹3.25 crore.<ref name="auto1"/>

The film maintained a moderate pace and ended its first week with a total of ₹5.70 crore in India.<ref name="auto1"/> By the end of its second week, it had collected ₹10.10 crore, and its final lifetime total in India stood at ₹11.09 crore.<ref name="bo1"/>

=== Critical response ===
Crazxy received positive reviews from critics, who praised Sohum Shah's performance and the film's tense atmosphere.

Dhaval Roy of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated 4/5 stars and observed that "With its Tarantinoesque blend of tension, style, raw intensity, and a homage to Amitabh Bachchan, Crazxy pushes boundaries and is a must-watch for its bold storytelling and character study"<ref>{{cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Dhaval |title=Crazxy Movie Review : A Tarantinoesque cinematic rush where Sohum Shah commands the screenfast-paced & engrossing thriller|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/crazxy/movie-review/118585731.cms|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|4|5}}</ref> Devesh Sharma of ''[[Filmfare]]'' gave 3.5 stars out of 5 nd commeneted that "Crazxy is a road movie with twists and turns aplenty. Sohum Shah has given his career best performance as the central character."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Devesh |title=Crazxy Review: Gripping One-Character Movie Where Sohum Shah Shines As The Lead|url=https://www.filmfare.com/reviews/bollywood-movies/crazxy-movie-review-71820.html|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Filmfare]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref> Rishil Jogani of ''[[Pinkvilla]]'' rated 3.5/5 stars and said that "Despite slight lags in the screenplay, Crazxy emerges as a bold, interesting film that dares to be different. While not flawless, its newness and Kohli's vision make it a compelling watch. Fans of survival thrillers will find plenty to love, from Sohum Shah's powerhouse performance, to the chilling cinematography and heart-thumping background score."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jogani |first1=Rishil |title=Crazxy Review: Sohum Shah delivers an acting masterclass in this uncomfortably satisfying slow burn survival thriller drama|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/crazxy-review-sohum-shah-delivers-an-acting-masterclass-in-this-uncomfortably-satisfying-slow-burn-survival-thriller-drama-1374939|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Pinkvilla]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|3.5|5}}</ref>

[[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' give 3 stars out of 5 and said that "Crazxy isn't an average crowd-pleaser. It dares to be different and sticks to its guns. That is where the appeal of the film lies."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chatterjee |first1=Saibal |title=Crazxy Review: Sohum Shah Pulls It Off With Aplomb|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/crazxy-review-sohum-shah-pulls-it-off-with-aplomb-3-stars-7812775|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[NDTV]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Sana Farzeen of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and observed that "Sohum Shah leads Crazxy with a gripping solo act, but the climax falters. The film excels in storytelling, performances, and music, yet its melodramatic ending may deter some viewers."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Farzeeen |first1=Sana |title=Crazxy movie review: Sohum Shah drives the film, but climax hits a roadblock|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/crazxy-movie-review-sohum-shah-drives-the-film-but-climax-hits-a-roadblock-2686846-2025-02-28|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[India Today]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|3|5}}</ref> Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and said in his review that "Crazxy has a few things going for it. But it is far from being a delicious ride, with quite a few loopholes along the way."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Suri |first1=Rishabh |title=Crazxy review: Sohum Shah's thriller is a dull ride with underwhelming climax|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/crazxy-review-sohum-shah-s-thriller-is-dull-ride-with-underwhelming-climax-101740730618499.html|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|2.5|5}}</ref>

Critic of ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 2 stars out of 5 and pointed out that "On the whole, Crazxy rests on Sohum Shah's bravura performance and some engaging moments. But the film suffers big time due to the disappointing climax. The limited hype might further affect its box office prospects."<ref>{{cite news |title=Crazxy Movie Review: Crazxy rests on Sohum Shah's bravura performance.|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/crazxy/critic-review/crazxy-movie-review/crazxy-rests-on-sohum-shahs-bravura-performance/|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref> [[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' rated 2/5 stars and commented that "The absence of other actors—their presence reduced to their voices—is a problem too, leaving Sohum Shah to gamely handle the screen practically single-handed, which makes it even more of a stretch."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Shubhra |title=Crazxy movie review: Sohum Shah's edge-of-the-seat thriller loses steam fast|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/crazxy-movie-review-sohum-shahs-edge-of-the-seat-thriller-loses-steam-9860996/|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=28 February 2025}}{{rating|2|5}}</ref>

Rahul Desai of ''[[The Hollywood Reporter India]]'' commeneted that "Like most single-character movies, Crazxy works hard to stay visually and kinetically interesting. It depends heavily on the shot-taking, the sound design, Shah's physical acting and the editing. Thankfully, the craft does not go overboard to offset the real-time premise."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Desai |first1=Rahul |title='Crazxy' Movie Review: A Gripping One-Character Thriller|url=https://www.hollywoodreporterindia.com/reviews/theatrical/crazxy-movie-review-sohum-shah-leads-a-crafty-one-character-thriller|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter India]] |date=28 February 2025}}</ref> Ganesh Aaglave of ''[[Firstpost]]'' in his review said that "Crazxy is easily one of the best Bollywood thrillers in recent times and must be watched on the big screen to enjoy the engrossing experience."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Aaglave |first1=Ganesh |title=Crazxy movie review: Sohum Shah is brilliant in Girish Kohli's fast-paced & engrossing thriller|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/crazxy-movie-review-sohum-shah-is-brilliant-in-girish-kohlis-fast-paced-engrossing-thriller-13867016.html|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[Firstpost]] |date=28 February 2025}}</ref> Murtuza Iqbal of ''[[The Free Press Journal]]'' said that in review that "Sohum Shah and Girish Kohli have surely tried to give the audiences something unique, and they mostly succeed in it. But, with a better pace and some more twists and turns, this movie would have actually been Crazy! Well, you can surely watch it once but don't go to theatres with the Tumbbad kind of a movie expectation."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Iqbal |first1=Murtuza |title=Crazxy Review: After Tumbbad, Sohum Shah Once Again Comes Up With Something Very Unique|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/crazxy-review-after-tumbbad-sohum-shah-once-again-comes-up-with-something-very-unique|access-date=28 February 2025 |work=[[The Free Press Journal]] |date=28 February 2025}}</ref>

''[[Moneycontrol]]'' described the film as an "edge-of-the-seat thrilling solo ride," highlighting Sohum Shah's commanding screen presence and the claustrophobic setting that enhances the tension.<ref>{{cite news |title=Crazxy Movie Review: Sohum Shah commands the screen in this edge-of-the-seat thrilling solo ride |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/entertainment/crazxy-movie-review-sohum-shah-commands-the-screen-in-this-edge-of-the-seat-thrilling-solo-ride-article-12952569.html |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> ''[[ABP News]]'' awarded the film 4 stars out of 5, calling it a "93-minute edge-of-the-seat thriller" and praising the film's ability to maintain tension throughout its runtime.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bhatia |first1=Amit |title=Crazxy Review: A 93-Minute Edge-Of-The-Seat Thriller That Deserves Its Due On First Release, Not In Re-Release! |url=https://news.abplive.com/movie-review/entertainment/movie-review-crazxy-review-starring-sohum-shah-is-a-93-minute-edge-of-the-seat-thriller-1754259 |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=[[ABP News]] |date=27 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Zee News]]'' appreciated the film's thrilling elements and Shah's performance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Crazxy Review: तुम्बाड के बाद सोहम शाह की एक और मास्टरपीस, 93 मिनट क्रेजी किया रे |url=https://zeenews.india.com/hindi/entertainment/movie-review/crazxy-sohum-shah-crazxy-movie-tumbbad-crazxy-review-crazxy-film-review-crazxy-movie-review/2663907 |work=[[Zee News]] |language=hi}}</ref> ''[[Punjab Kesari]]'' commended the film's ability to maintain audience engagement throughout its runtime.<ref>{{cite news |title=Crazxy Review: एक नई और रोमांचक कहानी का बेहतरीन सिनेमाई अनुभव है फिल्म क्रेजी, यहां पढ़ें रिव्यू |url=https://punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/crazxy-review-in-hindi-2112567 |access-date=7 March 2025 |work=[[Punjab Kesari]] |date=28 February 2025}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|30798612}}
* {{Bollywood Hungama movie|id=crazxy}}
{{Portal bar|India|Bollywood|Films}}

[[Category:Hindi-language thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 Hindi-language films]]

Jagat Majhi

2026-03-01T16:51:52Z

LavernRuss601:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox Indian politician|office =Member of the [[Jharkhand Legislative Assembly]]}}
'''Jagat Majhi''' (born 1987)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jagat Majhi(JMM):Constituency- MANOHARPUR (ST)(WEST SINGHBHUM) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Jharkhand2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=144 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Jharkhand]]. He is an MLA from [[Manoharpur Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for Scheduled Tribe community, in [[West Singhbhum district|West Singhbhum District]]. He won the [[2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Manoharpur (Jharkhand) Assembly Election Results 2024 Live: Winner, Runner-up, Candidates List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/manoharpur-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-winner-runner-up-candidates-9684340/ |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Manoharpur, Jharkhand Election Results 2024 Highlights: Manoharpur सीट पर Jagat Majhi ने Dinesh Chandra Boipai को हराया, जानें किसे मिले कितने वोट |url=https://www.aajtak.in/elections/assembly-chunav/story/manoharpur-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-jaelb-2104027-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Majhi is from [[Chakradharpur|Chakardharpur]], West Singhbhum District, Jharkhand. He is the son of late Devendra Majhi, a leader of [[Singhbhum]]'s Jungle Andolan. His mother [[Joba Majhi]] is a five time MLA and an MP from [[Singhbhum Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-10-28 |title=Have to carry forward devpt legacy of my parents: Jagat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ranchi/jagat-majhi-vows-to-uphold-parents-development-legacy-in-manoharpur/articleshow/114668132.cms |access-date=2024-11-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He completed his B.Com. in 2008 at Symbiosis College of arts and Commerce.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Majhi won from Manoharpur Assembly constituency representing [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]] in the 2024 Jharkhand Legislative Assembly election. He polled 73,034 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Dinesh Chandra Boipai of [[All Jharkhand Students Union]] party, by a margin of 31,956 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-23 |title=Manoharpur, Jharkhand Assembly Election Results 2024 Highlights: JMM's Jagat Majhi wins Manoharpur with 73034 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/manoharpur-jharkhand-assembly-election-results-2024-live-updates-jaelb-2638472-2024-11-23 |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manoharpur Election Result 2024 LIVE: Jagat Majhi of JMM Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/manoharpur-election-result-2024-live-leading-winner-mla-9130293.html |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Manoharpur Constituency Election Results 2024: Manoharpur Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/jharkhand/constituency-show/manoharpur |access-date=2024-11-25 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Majhi, Jagat}}

[[Category:1987 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha politicians]]
[[Category:Jharkhand MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:People from West Singhbhum district]]

7, Lok Kalyan Marg

2026-02-28T05:38:25Z

LavernRuss601: Content refreshed with new edits

{{short description|Official Residence of the Prime Minister of India}}
{{redirect|7 RCR|the Indian television series|7 RCR (TV series)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Historic building
| image = Prime Minister of Bharat, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi welcomes VP JD Vance and his family to 7, LKM.jpg
| caption = [[Narendra Modi]] welcomes [[JD Vance]], 50th [[Vice President of the United States]], and his family, to 7, Lok Kalyan Marg (2025)
| pushpin_map = India New Delhi
| map_caption = Location of 7 Lok Kalyan Marg in New Delhi
| coordinates = {{coord|28|36|N|77|12|E|region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| location = [[New Delhi]]
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| size = {{cvt|12|acre|order=flip}}
| current_tenants = [[Narendra Modi]] {{small|([[Prime Minister of India]])}}
| construction_start_date = 1980
}}
'''7, Lok Kalyan Marg''', formerly '''7, Race Course Road''', is the [[official residence]] and principal workplace of the [[Prime Minister of India]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sify.com/news/pm-chairing-meeting-on-cwg-news-national-kiosEdgbdhd.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811162041/http://www.sify.com/news/pm-chairing-meeting-on-cwg-news-national-kiosEdgbdhd.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 August 2011 |title=PM chairing meeting on CWG |website=[[Sify]] |date=14 August 2010 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Matherani recalled; Cong core group meets |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20051203/main2.htm |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date= 3 December 2005 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> Situated on [[Lok Kalyan Marg]], [[New Delhi]], the official name of the Prime Minister's residence complex is '''Panchavati'''. It is spread over {{convert|12|acre|order=flip}} of land, comprising five [[bungalow]]s in [[Lutyens' Delhi]], built in the 1980s, which are the Prime Minister's office, residency zone and security establishment, including one occupied by [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) and another being a guest house. However, even though there are 5 bungalows, they are collectively called 7, Lok Kalyan Marg. It does not house the Prime Minister's Office but has a conference room for informal meetings.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Modi-to-shift-to-7-RCR-on-Monday-night/articleshow/35610636.cms|title=Modi to shift to 7 RCR on Monday night|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

The entire Lok Kalyan Marg is closed to the public. [[Rajiv Gandhi]] was the first Prime Minister to reside at the former 7 Race Course Road in 1984. It does not house the [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office (PMO)]], which is located in the [[Seva Teerth]] of the Seva Teerth Complex, on [[Raisina Hill]] nearby [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]], where the [[Cabinet Secretariat of India|Cabinet Secretariat]] and [[National Security Council (India)|National Security Council Secretariat]] functions. The nearest metro station is [[Lok Kalyan Marg metro station]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Metro stations near 7 Race Course Road closed |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-26/news/29931886_1_metro-stations-udyog-bhawan-7race-course-road |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120523191112/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-26/news/29931886_1_metro-stations-udyog-bhawan-7race-course-road |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 May 2012 |publisher=[[The Economic Times|Economic Times]] |date=26 August 2011 |access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref> When a new Prime Minister is nominated, their original house is given a security detail and the new office holder is then advised to move in the 7, Lok Kalyan Marg at the earliest possible date.<ref name=red/>

==History==
Earlier, the Prime Ministers of India lived in their own house or house allotted to them through Parliament, allotment by virtue of being an [[Member of Parliament|MP]]. [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] took up residence in [[Teen Murti Bhavan]], which used to be the residence of the [[Commander-in-Chief, India|Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[British Indian Army]] in [[British Raj|British India]]; it was formerly called the Flagstaff House. After Nehru's death in 1964, the building was converted to the [[Nehru Memorial Museum and Library]] in 1984.

The next Prime Minister of India [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] chose [[10 Janpath]] as his official residence, where he stayed 1964–1966. It was later allotted to the [[Congress (I)]] party, though a part of it became biographical museum, Lal Bhadur Shastri Memorial and Museum at 1, [[10, Janpath|Motilal Nehru Place]] (formerly 10, Janpath), adjacent to the complex.<ref>{{cite news |title=Can the Congress be saved by its new leaders?|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jan/10jana.htm |work=[[Rediff.com]] |date=January 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Lest we FORGET... |url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/02/stories/2004100200850200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050122083034/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/02/stories/2004100200850200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 January 2005 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 October 2004 }}</ref> The current resident of 10, Janpath is [[List of presidents of the Indian National Congress|Former INC President]], [[Sonia Gandhi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The world according to Sonia|author=Saeed Naqvi|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/37045/ |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=12 December 2003}}</ref>

After the [[assassination of Indira Gandhi]] at her [[Safdarjung Road|1, Safdarjung Road]] residence garden while going towards neighbouring [[Akbar Road|1, Akbar Road]] office for an interview on 31 October 1984,<ref>{{cite web |title=25 years after Indira Gandhi's assassination|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-and-indira-25-years-after-a-pms-assassination/104183-37.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101105243/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-and-indira-25-years-after-a-pms-assassination/104183-37.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 November 2009 |date=30 October 2009|publisher=[[CNN-IBN]] }}</ref> it was converted into the Indira Gandhi Memorial and Museum. Former [[Chief Justice of India]] [[Sudhi Ranjan Das]] had previously lived at this address before Indira Gandhi.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}

[[Rajiv Gandhi]], her son and successor as prime minister, along with his wife [[Sonia Gandhi]] and children [[Rahul Gandhi]] and [[Priyanka Gandhi]], became the first occupant of the former 7, Race Course Road, in 1984.

When [[V. P. Singh]] became the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Urban Affairs designated 7, Race Course Road premises occupied by [[Rajiv Gandhi]] as the permanent residence and office of the Prime Minister of India to ensure that all successive prime ministers were allotted the same house on assuming office. A government notification on 30 May 1990, officially designated these bungalows as the official residence of Indian Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maheshwari|first1=Shriram|title=The Indian administrative year book, Book 1990|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|location=India|isbn=8170223911|page=209|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t_AGPViN8zkC&q=race+course|access-date=27 September 2014|year=1992}}</ref>

In the 1990s [[I. K. Gujral]] and some of his predecessors, used 7, Race Course Road as [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office]] (PMO).<ref>{{cite web | title = Race Course Road: PMO Shifts to PMR | work = India Today | url = http://www.india-today.com/itoday/08091997/prabhu.html | date = 8 September 1997 | access-date = 17 September 2014 | author = Prabhu Chawla | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034338/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/08091997/prabhu.html | archive-date = 24 September 2015 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

The 14th and current [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Narendra Modi]], chose 5, Race Course Road as his residence as the former 7, Race Course Road was being refurbished at that time, after his predecessor [[Manmohan Singh]] had vacated it. The former 7, Race Course Road was chosen as Modi's office.<ref>{{cite news|title=Narendra Modi moves to 5, not 7, Race Course Road |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/narendra-modi-moves-to-5-not-7-race-course-road-195134-2014-05-30|access-date=27 September 2014|work=India Today|agency=PTI|date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

== Name ==
The residence was previously known as 7, Race Course Road, which changed to 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, following the renaming of the road on which the house is situated, in September 2016.<ref name="ndtv.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/race-course-road-where-prime-minister-lives-renamed-lok-kalyan-marg-1464691|title=Race Course Road Is History. PM's New Address Is 7, Lok Kalyan Marg|work=NDTV.com|access-date=8 January 2021}}</ref>

== Construction ==
The bungalows of the 7 LKM were originally designed by [[Robert Tor Russell]], who was part of British architect [[Edwin Lutyens]]’ team, when he was designing New Delhi in the 1920s and 1930s.<ref name="india.com-facts">{{cite web|last1=Mishra|first1=Rashmi|title=7 Race Course Road: 7 things to know about Prime Minister Narendra Modi's new residence|url=http://www.india.com/top-n/7-race-course-road-7-things-to-know-about-prime-minister-narendra-modis-new-residence-67276/|website=India.com|access-date=27 September 2014|date=30 May 2014}}</ref>

==The Bungalows==
The {{convert|12|acre|adj=on|order=flip}} Prime Minister's residence was built in the 1980s. It does not have his office inside the house, but has a conference room for informal meetings. The Prime Minister's residence and office and security spread across five [[bungalow]]s: Bungalow 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. This includes 5, Lok Kalyan Marg, the Private Residential Zone for the Prime Minister, though he primarily operates from 7, Lok Kalyan Marg.<ref name=red>{{cite news |title=Take your time to shift, PM to Vajpayee |url=http://in.rediff.com/news/2004/may/26onkar.htm|publisher=[[Rediff.com]] News |date=26 May 2004 }}</ref><ref name=mid>{{cite news |title=Sonia to move to 7~ Race Course Road|url=http://www.mid-day.com/election04/2004/may/83421.htm |publisher=[[MiD DAY]] |date=16 May 2004 }}</ref><ref name=tele>{{cite news |title=3G package for ballot battle...For PM, it's a fine balancing act |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090217/jsp/nation/story_10547112.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218193229/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090217/jsp/nation/story_10547112.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 February 2009 |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)]]|date=17 February 2009 }}</ref>

Bungalow 1 is a helipad for the service of Prime Minister which is being used as so since September 2003.<ref name="2003-IT" /> It is under the control of the [[Special Protection Group]]. The entire road with bungalows numbering 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 came under Prime Minister's residential complex.<ref name=tri>{{cite news |title=PM's security being beefed up |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031208/main5.htm |work= [[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|date=8 December 2003 }}</ref>

Bungalow 3 which was earlier the residence of [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]] has now been converted into a guesthouse for Prime Minister's guests.

Bungalow 9 is occupied by the [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) that guards the Prime Minister. A {{convert|1.5|km|mi|adj=mid|-long}} tunnel connects the Indian prime minister's residence to the [[Safdarjung Airport]], where high-importance helicopters land. Constructed beyond Kemal Atatürk Marg, Golf Course and [[Tomb of Safdarjung|Safdarjung Tomb]] and then an overground drive to surface at the helicopter hangar at the airport, work on the tunnel began in 2010 and was completed by July 2014 and Modi was the first Prime Minister to use it.<ref>{{cite web | title = Prime Minister Narendra Modi's house gets a secret tunnel in 7 RCR | url = https://www.deccanchronicle.com/140530/nation-current-affairs/article/prime-minister-narendra-modi-house-gets-secret-tunnel-7-rcr |work=Deccan Chronicle|author=Nishtha Grover |date= 30 May 2014| access-date = 17 September 2014 }}</ref>

Current prime minister [[Narendra Modi]] uses 5, LKM as his residence which has also been used as so by [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] and [[Rajiv Gandhi]].<ref name="BS-House">{{cite news|last1=Sandhu|first1=Veenu|title=A house for Mr Modi|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/a-house-for-mr-modi-114051601728_1.html|access-date=27 September 2014|work=Business Standard|date=17 May 2014}}</ref>

===Panchvati===
In 2001, during the tenure of Vajpayee, a state-of-the-art auditorium was constructed at the cost of {{INRConvert|26.58|m}} and was named as ''Panchvati'', it has been named after the spot where [[Rama|Ram]] and [[Sita]] had built their hut during their exile. It is equipped for video conferencing and simultaneous translations.<ref name="2003-IT">{{cite web|last1=Sahgal|first1=Priya|title=Home office|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/nation/story/20031201-atal-bihari-vajpayee-chooses-to-work-from-home-7-race-course-road-refurbished-as-new-pmo-791430-1999-11-29|publisher=India Today|access-date=27 September 2014|date=1 December 2003}}</ref> This can be modelled into 2–3 conference rooms and can also act as a banquet for a gather of 200–340 people. This can be used as a cabinet meeting room and can also be arranged to form a theatre.<ref name=KT>{{cite web|title=The Power Center – PM House – 7RCR : Elite Residence|date=13 September 2014|url=http://www.expressions-kt.in/2014/09/the-power-center-pm-house-7rcr-elite.html|publisher=Tarun's blog|access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref>

===Security===

While the [[Special Protection Group]] (SPG) is the primary agency in charge of the security, it is aided by the [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF), [[Border Security Force]] (BSF) and the [[Delhi Police]] to provide three-rung security for the estate. There is only one entrance to 7 Lok Kalyan Marg, which is guarded by the SPG. Only those visitors whose names have been given to SPG by the prime minister's personal secretaries are allowed in. The rule applies to everybody, including the [[National Security Advisor (India)|national security adviser]], top bureaucrats, relatives and guests (barring close family) and visitors are expected to carry an identity card. No outside vehicle is allowed to go beyond the checkpoint and even high-profile visitors including cabinet ministers are required to park their official vehicles by the checkpoint. Special SPG vehicles are used to carry the guests from the checkpoint to the residential office of the Prime Minister. The only exception to this rule is for the SPG protectors themselves who are allowed to take the vehicle carrying them into the complex.<ref name="BS-House" /><ref name=KT />

The whole area is a no-fly zone and airspace usage around the area is highly restricted and monitored.<ref name="BS-House" /> Over the years, its security has gradually been increased. A bulletproof glass-tube passage was built in 2003, connecting Bungalow 3, at the Prime Minister's residence, to ''Panchvati'' or 7 LKM, where the Prime Minister meets people and delegations and holds official meetings.<ref name=red/> A concrete wall was added on the periphery, separating the house from the main road, to render any truck bomb or a car bomb attack ineffective. However, the residence is surrounded by various high rise building and public structures, including Samrat Hotel, [[Ashok Hotel|Ashoka Hotel]], and state guesthouses on one side, to the [[Delhi Gymkhana]] Club (DCG) and Delhi Race Course which lies on the other. Accordingly, plans for a helipad within the complex were mooted for several years. By 2004, the [[Intelligence Bureau (India)|Intelligence Bureau]] (IB) took over most of the rooms of Samrat Hotel overlooking the residence and watchtowers were erected inside [[Delhi Gymkhana]]. The Delhi Gymkhana can be accessed only via [[Safdarjung Road]].<ref name=red/> The residence has a power substation, and doctors and nurses from the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences]] are on duty round the clock. There are several ambulances on standby, one of which always accompanies the prime minister's motorcade.<ref name="BS-House" /> The civic officials ensure that there are no traffic bottlenecks on Kemal Atatürk Marg that runs outside the bungalows.<ref name="2003-IT" />

In 2004, the road was refurbished at a cost of {{INRConvert|70|m}} to make it the permanent residence of the Indian Prime Minister.<ref name=mid/><ref name="BS-House" />

7 LKM also has massive, manicured lawns and has abundant [[gulmohar]], [[Bombax ceiba|semal]] and [[Terminalia arjuna|arjuna]] trees which homes several birds, including [[Peafowl|peacocks]].<ref name="BS-House" />

===Staff===

Besides the secretarial staff, it has a support staff of about 200 gardeners, servants, and electricians. They are employed after a background check.<ref name="BS-House" />

==Workplace==
The workplace at 7 LKM has two small rooms on either side from the entrance for each of the two personal secretaries. Then there is a small corridor with a visitor's room to the right. Further ahead is a chamber to meet guests. Adjacent to that is the living space for larger meetings, behind which is the dining room where breakfast and lunch meetings are hosted. A corridor from 7 LKM leads to ''Panchvati'' which can be segmented into two or three conference rooms or a large banquet hall.<ref name="BS-House" />

On the walls are artworks loaned by the [[National Gallery of Modern Art]] (NGMA) which are often changed in consultation with the prime minister's office. The gifts received by the Prime Minister are either displayed at 7 LKM or are sent to the ''toshakhana'' (treasure house).<ref name="BS-House" />

== New Residential Complex ==
{{Unsourced section|date=October 2025}}
A new Prime Minister's residence is coming up under the new central vista redevelopment project adjacent to the South Block on the Dara Shikoh road in New Delhi with a better space and amenities. It is constructed adjacent to the upcoming Executive Enclave which will officially house the new Prime Minister's Office, shifting it from the current location in the South Block on Raisina Hill.{{update inline|date=October 2025}}

==See also==
* [[List of official residences of India]]
* [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
* [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|Prime Minister's Office, India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}

*[https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/amazing-facts-about-prime-ministers-residence-1471857128-1 Facts and history] at ''jagranjosh.com''
{{Prime Ministers of India}}

[[Category:Houses completed in 1984]]
[[Category:Official residences in India]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Delhi]]
[[Category:Prime ministerial residences]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

ISKCON Temple, Chennai

2026-02-27T06:43:50Z

LavernRuss601: made first place w/ sources

{{Short description|Radha Krishna temple in Chennai, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
| name = ISKCON Chennai
| image = ISKCON-Temple-Chennai-3.JPG
| Website =
| caption = The ISKCON temple in Chennai
| map_type = India Chennai
| map_caption = Location in Chennai
| coordinates = {{coord|12|54|22|N|80|14|30|E|type:landmark_region:IN_scale:100|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes=
| native_name = Sri Sri Radha Krishna Mandir ஸ்ரீ ஸ்ரீ ராதா கிருஷ்ணர் கோவில்
| country = India
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| district = [[Kanchipuram]]
| location = Hare Krishna land, Bhaktivedantha Swami Road, Akkarai, [[Sholinganallur]], [[Injambakkam]], [[Chennai]] 600 119
| elevation_m =
| deity = [[Radha Krishna]]
| festivals= [[Janamashtami]], [[Radhashtami]], [[Ratha-Yatra]]
| architecture = [[Hindu architecture|Hindu temple architecture]]
| temple_quantity =
| monument_quantity=
| inscriptions =
| year_completed = {{Start date and age|2012}}
| creator =[[ISKCON]]
| website = {{URL|https://iskconchennai.org/}}
}}

'''ISKCON Temple Chennai''', also known as the '''Sri Sri Radha Krishna Mandir''', is a [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]] temple in [[Chennai]], India. The temple is dedicated to the Hindu god [[Krishna]] and his consort [[Radha]]. It was formally inaugurated on 26 April 2012.<ref name="TheHindu_ConsecrationOfTemple"/>

==History==
[[File:Iskcon Temple Chennai.jpg|thumb|190px|left|ISKCON temple at night]]
[[ISKCON]] founder [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada]], wanted to establish ISKCON centers in [[India]]. In 1971, when he returned to India after his success with spread of ISKCON in the Western world, he directed [[Giriraj Maharaj]] to go to Madras and preach activities, resulting in many enlisting as life patrons. Prabhupada wrote in a letter,

{{cquote|In Madras we wanted to start a center and it was almost settled that the Chief Justice (Veeraswamy) would give us a place. So actually, if it is possible to open a center in Madras that would be very nice.<ref name="ISKCONChennai_History">{{cite web
| title = About ISKCON
| publisher = ISKCON Chennai
| url = http://www.iskconchennai.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=2&Itemid=2
| access-date = 26 Apr 2012}}</ref>}}

[[File:ISKCON Chennai SwamiPrabhupaadhaa 1.JPG|thumb|140px|left|Life-size statue of Swami Prabhupada]]
Prabhupada visited Madras in February 1972 and delivered lectures. In 1975, a centre was opened at 50 Aspiran Gardens, 2nd Street, [[Kilpauk]], which was later shifted to Kilpauk Garden Road. In 1988, the centre moved to [[T. Nagar]], where the congregation of Chennai ISKCON increased greatly. During a morning walk on 18 December 1975, Prabhupada remarked: "Now our European and American boys are preaching in South India and big, big acaryas have received them."

[[File:ISKCON Chennai PrayerHall.JPG|thumb|180px|left|The central prayer hall]]
In January 1976, Prabhupada visited Madras again and lectured in AVM Rajeswari Kalyana Mandapam, [[Dr. Radhakrishnan Salai]] and in the house of the then Chief Justice Veeraswamy. Inspired by the positive response to Krishna consciousness in Madras, Prabhupada wrote a letter to his disciples in Madras:

{{cquote|In Madras we have to construct a very gorgeous temple… Now immediately find out some land and begin the construction. Never mind what the cost will be. We are not concerned with the amount of money, but we want a very attractive temple. The money should come from the gentlemen of Madras.<ref name="ISKCONChennai_History"/>}}

However, the effort to fulfill the desire of Prabhupada to build a "gorgeous temple" in Chennai did not prove fruitful until 2000 when devotees serving under the leadership of Bhanu Swami located 6.5 acres of land in [[Injambakkam]] and acquired immediately for construction of the temple. The temple was built solely on donations received from people in Chennai. The construction of the first phase of the project began on 17 March 2002. The temple has been built with the support of about 8,000 life patrons and contributions from devotees.<ref name="DC_ISKCONTempleOpens">{{cite news
| title = Iskcon temple opens today
| newspaper = Deccan Chronicle
| location = Chennai
| date = 26 April 2012
| url = http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/chennai/iskcon-temple-opens-today-886
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120426234301/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/chennai/iskcon-temple-opens-today-886
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 26 April 2012
| access-date = 26 Apr 2012}}</ref> Built on 45,000 sq ft of land, the temple cost {{INR}} 100 million.<ref name="The New Indian Express_TempleConsecrated">{{cite news
| title = ISKCON temple to be consecrated
| newspaper = The New Indian Express
| location = Chennai
| date = 21 April 2012
| url = http://newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article384912.ece
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122218/http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/article384912.ece
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 4 March 2016
| access-date = 26 Apr 2012}}</ref>

The ''prana pratishtha'' (deity installation) ceremony, when the deities of Lord Krishna and Radha and their ''sakhis''—Lalitha and Vishaka—were installed in one of the three teak-wood altars in the main hall, and ''Kumbhabhishekam'' were performed on 26 April 2012. After the ''Kumbhabishekam'' and ''Maha mangala arati''—the first decorated darshan of the deities—flowers were showered from a [[helicopter]] over the ''gopurams'' built in the [[Kalinga architecture|Kalinga style]] with a Sudarshana Chakra on the top of the tallest tower. The deities in the temple on Burkit Road, T. Nagar unit have also been shifted to this temple.<ref name="Hindu_TempleInaugurated">{{cite news
| title = ISKCON temple inaugurated
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 27 April 2012
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/tamil-nadu/article3359462.ece
| access-date = 29 Apr 2012}}</ref>

At the time of inauguration, the temple was still under construction with a 90-ft-long construction, which was to function as the kitchen and ''annadhan'' hall, nearing completion.

==Structure==
ISKCON Temple Chennai is part of the Centre for Spiritual Art and Culture and is located off the [[East Coast Road]] at the Hare Krishna land, [[Sholinganallur]]. The deities worshipped in the temple include those of Radha Krishna Lalita Vishaka, Jagannath Baladev Subhadra, and Sri Sri Nitai Gauranga.<ref name="TheHindu_ConsecrationOfTemple"/>

Spread over an area of over 1.5 acres, the temple is constructed on five levels. There is a 7,000 sq ft temple hall on the first floor, an auditorium for cultural and spiritual programmes on the ground floor and a prasadam hall in the basement.<ref name="TheHindu_ConsecrationOfTemple"/>

In the temple hall, there are three [[Teak|teak-wood]] altars which house the deities of [[Lord Krishna]] with his chief consort [[Radha]]rani and their assisting friends Lalita and Vishaka, [[Lord Chaitanya]] with Lord Nityananda and [[Lord Jagannatha|Lord Jagannath]], [[Balarama|Baladeva]] and [[Subhadra]].<ref name="Hindu_TempleInaugurated"/> These deities have been sourced from [[Jaipur]] and [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. Designed under the guidance of Sri Bhanu Swami, the temple has imbibed various attributes from [[Vedic]] scripture and is inspired by the [[Pallava]] and Kalinga architecture.<ref name="TheHindu_ConsecrationOfTemple">{{cite news
| title = Consecration of ISKCON temple
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| date = 19 April 2012
| url = http://www.thehindu.com/arts/history-and-culture/article3331867.ece
| access-date = 26 Apr 2012}}</ref>

[[File:ISKCON Chennai CowNCalf.JPG|thumb|180px|right|Statue of a cow feeding her calf]]
[[File:RestaurantISKCONChennai.jpg|thumb|180px|Restaurant and souvenir shop at ISKCON Chennai]]
The entrance to the temple is marked by the representation of the ''bhu-mandala'' or the [[universe]] on the marble floor. According to the [[cosmology]] of ancient [[Vedic mythology|Vedic puranas]], the universe is described as series of circular islands surrounding a central pillar called [[Mount Meru]]. The design on the floor at the entrance depicts the same universal pattern. There is also a life-like statue of a cow feeding its calf at the portico.<ref>{{cite news
| title = ISCKON [sic] to inaugurate spiritual centre
| newspaper = IBN Live South
| publisher = Express News Service
| date = 9 April 2012
| url = http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isckon-to-inaugurate-spiritual-centre/246466-60-120.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120427022630/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/isckon-to-inaugurate-spiritual-centre/246466-60-120.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 27 April 2012
| access-date = 27 Apr 2012}}</ref>

The primary purpose of the temple to transform the material self-centred identity into a spiritual identity of unconditional love is graphically represented by means of a magnificent chandelier that projects various colours on the walls and ceiling. The chandelier has 500 Himalayan [[Quartz|quartz crystals]] supposedly meant to intensify the spiritual energy in the temple.<ref name="The New Indian Express_TempleConsecrated"/>

The temple also visually displays various [[vastu shastra]] features. A booklet explaining all these features is available at the book shop, which is located near the portico. Here you can find books and souvenirs on spirituality and Hindu philosophy. The temple is open from 7:30 am to 1:00 pm and from 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm. However, the last ''aarati'' (worship), called the ''sayana arati'', is at 9:00 pm, which lasts about 15 minutes.

==Celebrations==
The temple conducts an annual [[Ratha Yatra]] (chariot procession) festival in February, where the idols of Krishna, [[Rukmini]], [[Satyabhama]], [[Gaura Nitai]], and Prabhupada were taken on procession on a decorated chariot through the neighbouring areas of [[Adyar, Chennai|Adyar]], [[Besant Nagar, Chennai|Besant Nagar]], and [[Thiruvanmiyur]], with performances of traditional Tamil art forms, singing, and chanting.<ref>{{cite news
| title = ISKCON conducts 15th rath yathra
| newspaper = The Times of India
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Times Group
| date = 15 February 2026
| url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/iskcon-conducts-15th-rath-yathra/articleshow/128356743.cms
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = Hare Krishna Movement organises annual Ratha Yatra
| newspaper = The Hindu
| location = Chennai
| publisher = Kasturi & Sons
| date = 24 February 2024
| url = https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/hare-krishna-movement-organises-annual-ratha-yatra/article67882531.ece
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref> Besides, the annual Puri Jagannath Rath Yatra is celebrated in July, where idols of Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra, and Subhadra are taken on chariot procession around the neighbouring areas of Pallavakam, Neelankarai, Vettuvankeni, and Injambakkam before reaching its final destination at the ISKCON Temple at Akkarai.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Thousands gather at ISKCON Chennai ECR to participate in Rath Yatra
| newspaper = The Adyar Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Adyar Times
| date = 9 July 2024
| url = https://adyartimes.in/thousands-gather-at-iskcon-chennai-ecr-to-participate-in-rath-yatra/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| title = ISKCON celebrates 40th Sri Jagannath Rath Yatra festival in Chennai
| newspaper = ANI News
| location = Chennai
| publisher = ANI
| date = 25 June 2023
| url = https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/iskcon-celebrates-40th-sri-jagannath-rath-yatra-festival-in-chennai20230625213351/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>

Other annual celebrations include the following:
* [[Gaura Purnima]] (March), commemorating the birth of Lord [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]], who lived around the 15th century in [[Navadvipa]], [[West Bengal]], to spread the yuga-dharma, which refers to the congregational chanting of the Hare Krishna Mahamantra<ref>{{cite news
| title = ISKCON Chennai to Celebrate Gaura Purnima
| newspaper = The Adyar Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Adyar Times
| date = 12 March 2025
| url = https://adyartimes.in/iskcon-chennai-to-celebrate-gaura-purnima/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>
* Jhulan Yatra and Balarama Jayanthi (August), commemorating the divine love of Radha and Krishna and the birth of Balarama<ref>{{cite news
| title = Jhulan Yatra at ISKCON Chennai
| newspaper = The Adyar Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Adyar Times
| date = 10 August 2024
| url = https://adyartimes.in/jhulan-yatra-at-iskcon-chennai/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>
* Krishna Janmashtami (August), commemorating the birth of Krishna<ref>{{cite news
| title = Grand Janmashtami celebration at ISKCON Chennai ECR
| newspaper = The Adyar Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Adyar Times
| date = 27 August 2024
| url = https://adyartimes.in/grand-janmashtami-celebration-at-iskcon-chennai-ecr/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>
* Damodar Month or Karthik Month (October-November), which according to the [[Skanda Purana]] and [[Padma Purana]], marks the time when Krishna allowed his foster mother [[Yashoda]] to tie him to a mortar, which devotees believe symbolize his sweetness and accessibility to devotees.<ref>{{cite news
| title = ISKCON Chennai Celebrates Damodar month from Oct 7
| newspaper = News Today
| location = Chennai
| publisher = News Today
| date = 10 October 2025
| url = https://newstodaynet.com/2025/10/10/iskcon-chennai-celebrates-damodar-month-from-oct-7/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>

==Courses==
The temple conducts regular value education programs including classes on the Bhagavad Gita, stories, slokas, bhajans, rhymes for children, arts and crafts, quiz, non-fire cookery, debates and discussions, role-playing, oratory, and so forth.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Courses by ISKCON
| newspaper = The Adyar Times
| location = Chennai
| publisher = The Adyar Times
| date = 7 June 2024
| url = https://adyartimes.in/courses-by-iskcon/
| access-date = 27 Feb 2026}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:ISKCON Chennai LordKrishna Radharani.JPG|Statues of Lord Krishna and Radharani, along with their sakhis Lalitha and Vishaka
File:ISKCON Chennai LordChaitanya LordNityananda.JPG|Statues of Lord Chaitanya and Lord Nityananda
File:ISKCON Chennai LordJagannath BaladevaNSubhadra.JPG|Statues of Lord Jagannath, Lord Baladeva and Mother Subhadra
File:ISKCON Chennai Facade.JPG|The newly built temple soon after consecration
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|India|Hinduism}}
* [[Religion in Chennai]]

==References==
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last = Muthiah | first = S. | author-link = | title = Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of the First City of Modern India, Volume 1 | publisher = Palaniappa Brothers | series = | volume = 1 | edition = 1 | date = 2008 | location = Chennai | pages = 106 | language = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=tbR_LLkqdI8C&dq=ravishwarar+temple&pg=PA105 | doi = | id = | isbn = 978-81-8379-468-8 | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }}

==External links==
{{commons category|ISKCON Temple, Chennai}}
* [https://iskconchennai.org/ Iskcon Chennai Website]

{{Chennai Topics}}
{{Places of worship in Chennai}}
{{ISKCON}}
{{List of Hindu temples in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Radha Krishna temples]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chennai]]
[[Category:21st-century Hindu temples]]
[[Category:International Society for Krishna Consciousness temples]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]

Sharada Ramanathan

2026-02-24T01:40:27Z

LavernRuss601: adding initial post first draft

{{short description|Indian journalist and film director}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Sharada Ramanathan
|image = Sharada Ramanathan, Aditi Rao Hydari and Madhu Ambut of the film Sringaram addressing a press conference at Black Box, Kala Academy on the occasion of 37th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2006) in Panaji, Goa.jpg
| caption = Sharada Ramanathan (right), [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[37th International Film Festival of India|2006]])
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = India
| other_names =
| occupation = Film director, cultural thinker, writer
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
| awards = National Film Awards
}}
'''Sharada Ramanathan''' is an Indian film director, cultural thinker and writer.<ref name=gowri>{{cite news|last=Ramnarayan|first=Gowri|title=Window to a woman's world|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/03/14/stories/2008031451200300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317234008/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2008/03/14/stories/2008031451200300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 March 2008|accessdate=19 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=14 March 2008}}</ref> She made her directional debut in the 2007 Tamil film ''[[Sringaram]]'' which won three [[National Film Awards]]. Her second film ''[[Puthiya Thiruppangal]]'' is awaiting release. In 2014, she directed ''Natyanubhava'', a documentary film about Indian classical dance, featuring the top dancers and film technicians in India.

[[File:Sharada Ramanathan, Philippe Queau (France), Charles Vallerand (Canada) at the ICFT-UNESCO Seminar on ‘Film and Cultural Diversity’, during the 46th International Film Festival of India (IFFI-2015), in Panaji, Goa.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Sharada Ramanathan (second from right), [[International Film Festival of India|IFFI]] ([[46th International Film Festival of India|2015]]) ]]

==Career==
Prior to entering films, Sharada Ramanathan was working in the fields of media and culture.<ref>{{cite web|title=Competition Section – 2006|url=http://pib.nic.in/prs/iffi2006/2.pdf|page=20|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|accessdate=20 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Manmadhan|first=Prema|title=Wedded to cinema|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/wedded-to-cinema/article3502652.ece|accessdate=20 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 June 2012}}</ref> She was involved with social and cultural organizations [[SPIC MACAY]] and CRY. She was highly instrumental in setting up [[India Foundation for the Arts]], a philanthropic organization to encourage fine arts in India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Director's Biography|url=http://iffi.nic.in/iffi2006/competition.pdf|publisher=[[International Film Festival of India]]|accessdate=19 February 2014|page=20}}</ref> She was also associated with [[Ford Foundation]] as its "Program Officer".<ref name=cbc>{{cite web|title=Sharada Ramanathan – India|url=http://www.creativebusinesscup.com/ramanathan|publisher=Creative Business Cup|accessdate=19 February 2014|archive-date=24 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140224001048/http://www.creativebusinesscup.com/ramanathan|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=hindu1>{{cite news|last=Ashok Kumar|first=S. R.|title=Movie with a message|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/movie-with-a-message/article4614236.ece|accessdate=19 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=13 April 2013}}</ref>

Her first feature film, ''[[Sringaram]]'' (2007), is a period film and depicts the life of a [[Devadasi]].<ref name="shobha">{{cite web|last=Warrier|first=Shobha|title=A crossover film about devdasis|url=http://in.rediff.com/movies/2005/aug/18sri.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref> After getting screened at various film festivals,<ref>{{cite web|title=The visuals did evoke a lot of curiosity|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/24slid3.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref> the film had its theatrical release in 2007 and went on to win three [[53rd National Film Awards|National Film Awards]] and two [[Tamil Nadu State Film Awards]].<ref name="hindu1" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Srinivas|first=Saraswathy|title=Sringaram's album, a collector's item|url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2007/sep/25sssri.htm|work=[[Rediff.com]]|accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref> The film was critically acclaimed. Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' noted, "''Sringaram'' is an aesthetic showcase of first time maker Sharada Ramanathan's potential".<ref>{{cite news|last=Rangarajan|first=Malathi|title=Aesthetic and appealing – Sringaram|url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/10/05/stories/2007100550090300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011192952/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/10/05/stories/2007100550090300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 October 2007|accessdate=19 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=5 October 2007}}</ref> She was one of the jury members of the [[54th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web|title=54th National Film Awards|url=http://dff.nic.in/54thNFABrochure.pdf|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|accessdate=19 February 2014}}</ref>

Her second film ''[[Puthiya Thiruppangal]],'' which deals with [[Child trafficking in India|child trafficking]], is currently awaiting release. Unlike her previous film, ''Puthiya Thiruppangal'' takes place in modern-day and has been made on "commercial format".<ref name="hindu1" /> Sharada's third project ''Natyanubhava'' (2014) is a documentary focused on Indian classical dance.<ref name="cbc" /> The film was produced by the [[Public Service Broadcasting Trust]] and funded by the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Krupa|first=Lakshmi|title=5,000 years in 52 minutes|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/5000-years-in-52-minutes/article5522789.ece|accessdate=19 February 2014|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=31 December 2013}}</ref> Sharada Directed a short film called Adivaanam (2020) that got popular and critical acclaim for its poetic class and won one international award. She worked with top class cast and crew like [[Aishwarya Rajesh]] [[Ashwin Kakumanu]] [[Ravi K. Chandran]] [[Santhosh Narayanan]] [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]. Sharada directed a short sequel, Vidivaanam with top artists and crew.

Sharada is Director of the Chennai-Based film company called Thaniththirai Productions.

==Other works==
Apart from her film career, Sharada has also written for various dailies, journals and magazines.<ref name=cbc /> She is associated with [[United Nations Development Programme]] and UNESCO, and has served on many film-related international juries, including the [[National Film Awards|Indian National Film Awards]], IFFI Goa and International Macau Film Festival.<ref name=cbc />

==Filmography==
* ''[[Sringaram]]'' (2007)
* ''Natyanubhava'' (2015)
;Short films
* ''Adivaanam'' - Horizon
* ''Vidivaanam'' - A New Dawn

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramanathan, Sharada}}
[[Category:Indian women film directors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Film directors from Chennai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Articles created or expanded during Women's History Month (India) - 2014]]
[[Category:Women artists from Tamil Nadu]]

Anusha (actress)

2026-02-23T09:10:56Z

LavernRuss601: general refined layout for consistency and fixed typos

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Anusha
| birth_name=
| occupation = [[Actress|Film actress]]
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Chennai]]
| spouse = {{marriage|Saravanan| 2007}}
| relatives = [[K. R. Savithri]] (mother) [[Ragasudha]] (sister) [[K. R. Vijaya]] (aunt) [[K. R. Vatsala]] (aunt)
| years_active= 1992-2005
}}
'''Anusha''' is an Indian actress. She started her film career at the early age of 13 and was one of the prominent lead actress<ref name=refhere>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-13 |title=Anusha - Malayalam Actress {{!}} Anusha Movies, Photos, Biography |url=http://www.mallumovies.org/artist/anusha |access-date=2023-05-18 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213232547/http://www.mallumovies.org/artist/anusha |url-status=usurped }}</ref> in [[Malayalam film|Malayalam]], [[Telugu film|Telugu]] and [[Kannada film|Kannada]] movies during 1990s and 2000s. She has also acted in Telugu serials later in her career. She is the daughter of Tamil actress [[K. R. Savithri]]. Actress [[K. R. Vijaya]] is her aunt. She lives in [[Chennai]] with her family. She was a former basketball player at State levels and was very tall .{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}} Anusha married Saravanan in June, 2007.

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! class="unsortable"|Notes
|-
|1991||''[[Iddaru Pellala Muddula Police]]''||Lalitha||Telugu||
|-
|1991||''Mahayagnam''||Anusha||[[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|1992||''Navatare''||Hema||[[Kannada]]||
|-
|1992||''Agreement''||Devi||Telugu||
|-
|1992||''First Bell''<ref name=refhere/>||Yamuna||[[Malayalam]]||
|-
|1992||''Golmaal Govindam''||Vijaya||Telugu||
|-
|1992||''Thangarasu''||Vijaya||[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|| Debut in Tamil
|-
|1992||''Kizhakku Veedhi''||Karuppayi|| Tamil||
|-
|1992||''[[Welcome to Kodaikanal]]''||Maya ||Malayalam||
|-
|1993||''Nagajyothi''||Nagajyothi||Telugu||
|-
|1993||''Kulapathi''||Sukanya ||Malayalam||
|-
|1994||''Dollar''||Tini || Malayalam||
|-
|1994||''Vishnu''||Model|| Malayalam||
|-
|1994||''Saaramsham''||Radha|| Malayalam||
|-
|1994||''Padhavi''||Sneha||Malayalam||
|-
|1995||''Boxer''||Home Minister's daughter ||Malayalam||
|-
|1995||''[[Kuruthipunal (film)|Kuruthipunal]]''||Mala||Tamil ||
|-
|1995||''[[Chinna Mani]]''|| Princy ||Tamil ||
|-
|1995||''Arabia''||Bhairavi ||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Daanveer''||Jyothi K Singh||[[Hindi]]||
|-
|1996||''[[Kuruthipunal (film)|Drohi]]''||Mala||Telugu||
|-
|1996||''Sulthan Hyderali''|| Maneesha||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Mimics Super 1000''||Gopika Varma ||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Pallivathuckal Thommichan''||Alice ||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''K.L. 7/95 Ernakulam North''|| Radha||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Swarnakireedam''||Sainabha || Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Naalaamkettile Nalla Thampimaar''||Diana||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''Excuse Me Ethu Collegila?''||Maya ||Malayalam||
|-
|1996||''[[Nattupura Pattu]]'' || Amaravathi || Tamil ||
|-
|1996||''[[Rajali]]'' ||Lali|| Tamil||
|-
|1996||''Panchayat'' ||Mallika|| Kannada||
|-
|1997||''Kalyanappittannu'' ||Midhuna || Malayalam||
|-
|1997||''Shobhanam''|| Mridula Menon||Malayalam||
|-
|1997||''[[Mannadiar Penninu Chenkotta Checkan]]''||Manju ||Malayalam||
|-
|1997||''Gajaraja Manthram''|| Gayathri ||Malayalam||
|-
|1997||''Bharatheeyam''||Chandini||Malayalam||
|-
|1997||''Adra Sakka Adra Sakka'' ||Janu||Tamil||
|-
|1998||''Glorya Fernandes from USA''||Glorya||Malayalam||
|-
|1998||''[[Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen]]''||Special appearance||Tamil||
|-
|1999||''[[Suryodayam]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sooryodayam |url=https://spicyonion.com/movie/sooryodayam/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629165503/http://spicyonion.com/movie/sooryodayam/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=29 June 2013 |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Spicyonion.com |language=en}}</ref> ||Amritha||Tamil||
|-
|1999||''[[Rajasthan (film)|Rajasthan]]'' ||Maheswari||Tamil||
|-
|1999||''[[Rajasthan (film)|Rajasthan]]'' ||Maheswari||Telugu||
|-
|2000||''Baro Nanna Muddina Krishna''||Radha||Kannada||
|-
|2000||''Danda Nayaka'' ||Prema||Kannada||
|-
|2001||''Maafia''||Revati||Kannada||
|-
|2001|| ''[[Grama Devathe]]''||Radha||Kannada||
|-
|2001||''Kanoonu''||Bharathi||Kannada||
|-
|2001||''Goa''||Daisy ||Malayalam||
|-
|2001||''Vadugapatti Mappilai'' || Deepa||Tamil||
|-
|2001||''Narahanthaka''||Shilpa||Kannada||
|-
|2002||''Chiranjeevi'' ||Radha||Kannada||
|-
|}

==TV serials==
* Gruhalakshmi (Telugu) as Lakshmi
* Ninne Pelladatha (Telugu) as Supraja
* Jayam (Telugu) as Seetha and Geetha
* Anubhandham (Telugu) as Anu

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|0031674}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anusha}}
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Kannada cinema]]
[[Category:Indian child actresses]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses from Chennai]]
[[Category:Female models from Chennai]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu television]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]

India–United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement

2026-02-13T09:57:47Z

LavernRuss601: made initial stub basic info!

{{Short description|Proposed free trade agreement between India and the United Kingdom}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name = India–United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement
| long_name = Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the Republic of India and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| image = Prime Minister of Bharat, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi & the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Keir Starmer at the exchange ceremony of Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.jpg
| image_size = 390px
| alt = 
| caption = The prime ministers and trade representatives of India and the UK during the formal ceremony of the treaty's signing.
| type = [[Free trade agreement]] and [[Economic integration|Economic Integration Agreement]]
| context = [[Trade agreement]] between India and the United Kingdom
| date_drafted = 6 May 2025
| date_signed = 24 July 2025
| location_signed = [[Chequers]], [[Aylesbury]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[England]], United Kingdom
| date_sealed =
| date_effective =
| condition_effective =
| amendment =
| date_expiration = 
| date_expiry = 
| provisional_application =
| mediators = 
| negotiators = * {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Piyush Goyal]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Anne-Marie Trevelyan]] until 6 September 2022 {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Kemi Badenoch]] from 6 September 2022 until 5 July 2024 {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Jonathan Reynolds]] from 5 July 2024
| original_signatories = 
| signatories = * {{flagicon image|Flag of India.svg}} [[Narendra Modi]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom.svg}} [[Keir Starmer]]
| parties = * {{flag|India}}
* {{flag|United Kingdom}}
| ratifiers = 
| depositor = 
| depositories = 
| citations = 
| language = [[English language|English]]
| languages = 
| wikisource = 
| wikisource1 = 
| wikisource2 =
| wikisource3 =
| wikisource4 =
| wikisource5 =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''India–United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement''', also referred to as the '''India–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement''', is a [[free trade agreement]] between [[India]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. The negotiations were initiated in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Parker|first1=George|last2=Parkin|first2=Benjamin|date=22 August 2023|title=UK-India trade talks intensify in bid to remove 'significant' barriers|url=https://www.ft.com/content/e639ffdc-a32a-44af-bdb8-b556eb5a0823|website=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=22 August 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822153902/https://www.ft.com/content/e639ffdc-a32a-44af-bdb8-b556eb5a0823|archive-date=22 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> It is the second comprehensive [[Free trade agreements of India|free trade agreement]] that India had concluded with a European country, after [[EFTA]]; it is the third [[Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom|free trade agreement]] signed by the [[United Kingdom]] since [[Brexit|leaving]] the [[European Union]] negotiated completely anew.<ref name="wrap">{{cite news|last=Srivastava|first=Shruti|date=5 December 2023|title=India, UK Seek to Wrap Up Trade Talks Before Busy Election Year|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-05/india-uk-seek-to-wrap-up-trade-talks-before-busy-election-year?srnd=uk-politics|website=[[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]]|access-date=6 May 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240506211559/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-12-05/india-uk-seek-to-wrap-up-trade-talks-before-busy-election-year?srnd=uk-politics|archive-date=6 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

India and the United Kingdom concluded negotiations for an agreement in principle on 6 May 2025.<ref name="conclusion"/>

The agreement was signed by the two countries on 24 July 2025.<ref>{{cite press release|author1=Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street|author1-link=Prime Minister's Office (United Kingdom)|author2=[[HM Treasury]]|author3=[[Cabinet Office]]|last4=Starmer|first4=Keir|author4-link=Keir Starmer|date=23 July 2025|title=Prime Minister secures thousands of British jobs and £6 billion in investment and export wins as historic trade deal with India signed|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-secures-thousands-of-british-jobs-and-6-billion-in-investment-and-export-wins-as-historic-trade-deal-with-india-signed|website=GOV.UK|access-date=24 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723214313/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-secures-thousands-of-british-jobs-and-6-billion-in-investment-and-export-wins-as-historic-trade-deal-with-india-signed|archive-date=23 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Pickard|first1=Jim|last2=Reed|first2=John|date=24 July 2025|title=Keir Starmer and Narendra Modi to sign UK-India trade deal|url=https://www.ft.com/content/d08628d3-c02a-4541-8a42-de7616c40717|location=London; [[New Delhi]]|website=Financial Times|url-access=subscription|access-date=24 July 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723231301/https://www.ft.com/content/d08628d3-c02a-4541-8a42-de7616c40717|archive-date=23 July 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Negotiations==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ India–UK FTA Round of Negotiations
|-
! Round !! Dates !! Location !! Ref.
|-
| 1 || 17–28 January 2022 || ''[[Web conferencing|Virtual meeting]]'' ||<ref>{{cite web|last=Trevelyan|first=Anne-Marie|date=28 January 2022|title=Joint outcome statement: India-UK round one FTA negotiations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-india-uk-round-one-fta-negotiations|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128144741/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-india-uk-round-one-fta-negotiations|archive-date=28 January 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || 7–17 March 2022 || [[London]] || <ref>{{cite news|author=Lord Grimstone of Boscobel|date=24 March 2022|title=India Trade Negotiations Update|url=https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2022-03-24/HLWS694|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423163305/https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2022-03-24/HLWS694|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || 25 April–6 May 2022 || [[New Delhi]] ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Trevelyan|first=Anne-Marie|date=12 May 2022|title=India Trade Negotiations: Update|url=https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2022-05-12/hcws16|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423163642/https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2022-05-12/hcws16|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || 13–24 June 2022 || London ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Trevelyan|first=Anne-Marie|date=28 June 2022|title=India Trade Negotiations: Update|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2022-06-28/debates/22062854000016/IndiaTradeNegotiations|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927122852/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2022-06-28/debates/22062854000016/IndiaTradeNegotiations|archive-date=27 September 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 5 || 18–29 July 2022 || New Delhi ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Trevelyan|first=Anne-Marie|date=10 August 2022|title=Letter to the House of Lords dated 10 August 2022|url=https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/28768/documents/173655/default/|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024}}</ref>
|-
| 6 || 12–16 December 2022 || New Delhi ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Badenoch|first=Kemi|date=9 January 2023|title=India Trade Negotiations: Update|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-01-09/debates/23010930000019/IndiaTradeNegotiations|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423161846/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-01-09/debates/23010930000019/IndiaTradeNegotiations|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 7 || 6–10 February 2023 || London ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Badenoch|first=Kemi|date=7 March 2023|title=India Trade Negotiations: Update|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2023-03-07/debates/23030751000010/IndiaTradeNegotiations|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423161434/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2023-03-07/debates/23030751000010/IndiaTradeNegotiations|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 8 || 20–31 March 2023 || New Delhi ||<ref name="round89">{{cite news|date=10 May 2023|title=Joint outcome statement: UK-India round nine FTA negotiations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-nine-fta-negotiations|website=GOV.UK|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510134804/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-nine-fta-negotiations|archive-date=10 May 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 9 || 24–28 April 2023 || London ||<ref name="round89"/>
|-
| 10 || 5–9 June 2023 || New Delhi ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Huddleston|first=Nigel|date=20 June 2023|title=India Trade Negotiations: Update|url=https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2023-06-20/hcws865|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423160047/https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2023-06-20/hcws865|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 11 || 5–14 July 2023 || London ||<ref>{{cite news|last=Huddleston|first=Nigel|date=20 June 2023|title=Written Statements|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-09-07/debates/059c3853-c94e-416d-bc60-c6e611309992/WrittenStatements|website=UK Parliament|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423160559/https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/2023-09-07/debates/059c3853-c94e-416d-bc60-c6e611309992/WrittenStatements|archive-date=23 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 12 || 8–31 August 2023 || New Delhi ||<ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2023|title=Joint outcome statement: UK-India round twelve of FTA negotiations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-twelve-of-fta-negotiations|website=GOV.UK|access-date=23 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901135726/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-twelve-of-fta-negotiations|archive-date=1 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 13 || 18 September–15 December 2023 || London, New Delhi || <ref name="round13">{{cite news|date=18 December 2023|title=Joint outcome statement: UK-India round thirteen of FTA negotiations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-thirteen-of-fta-negotiations|website=GOV.UK|access-date=18 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240101030034/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-outcome-statement-uk-india-round-thirteen-of-fta-negotiations|archive-date=1 January 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 14 || 10 January–15 March 2024 || London, New Delhi || <ref name="round14"/><ref name="ice"/>
|-
| 15 || 24 February 2025–6 May 2025 || New Delhi || <ref>{{cite news|last=Courea|first=Eleni|date=24 February 2025|title=UK ministers head to India in search of trade deal they hope will boost economy|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/23/ministers-head-to-india-in-search-of-trade-deal-they-hope-will-boost-uk-economy|location=[[New Delhi]]|website=The Guardian|access-date=24 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250224000655/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/feb/23/ministers-head-to-india-in-search-of-trade-deal-they-hope-will-boost-uk-economy|archive-date=24 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="conclusion">{{cite news|last1=Parker|first1=George|last2=Sheppard|first2=David|last3=Foster|first3=Peter|last4=Reed|first4=John|date=6 May 2025|title=UK and India have struck trade deal, Modi says|url=https://www.ft.com/content/8ffeea3a-cb69-4290-8910-cbb0bba7e907|location=London; [[New Delhi]]|website=Financial Times|url-access=subscription|access-date=6 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506130843/https://www.ft.com/content/8ffeea3a-cb69-4290-8910-cbb0bba7e907|archive-date=6 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}

In May 2021, [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Boris Johnson]] and [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] agreed deeper trade co-operation between the two countries.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Boris|date=4 May 2021|title=Prime Minister announces £1 billion of new UK-India trade|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-announces-1-billion-of-new-uk-india-trade|website=GOV.UK|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504070119/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-announces-1-billion-of-new-uk-india-trade|archive-date=4 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> This “Enhanced Trade Partnership” removed a number of trade barriers and
set out the two countries’ intention to work towards a free trade agreement.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mayes|first=Joe|date=4 May 2021|title=Johnson and Modi Pledge 'Quantum Leap' in U.K.-India Ties|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-04/u-k-india-seek-to-double-trade-by-2030-as-johnson-modi-speak|website=Bloomberg|access-date=15 December 2023|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504072509/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-04/u-k-india-seek-to-double-trade-by-2030-as-johnson-modi-speak|archive-date=4 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

India and the UK launched negotiations in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=Trevelyan|first=Anne-Marie|date=13 January 2022|title=UK-India Free Trade Agreement Negotiations|url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-01-13/debates/2201138000010/UK-IndiaFreeTradeAgreementNegotiations|website=[[Parliament of the United Kingdom|UK Parliament]]|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230112173915/https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-01-13/debates/2201138000010/UK-IndiaFreeTradeAgreementNegotiations|archive-date=12 January 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Johnson declared that the agreement should be completed by [[Diwali]] 2022.<ref>{{cite news|last=Johnson|first=Boris|date=22 April 2022|title=PM statement in India: 22 April 2022|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-in-india-22-april-2022|website=GOV.UK|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422135243/https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-statement-in-india-22-april-2022|archive-date=22 April 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=MacAskill|first1=Andrew|last2=Smout|first2=Alistair|date=22 October 2022|title=Britain still wants free trade deal with India by Diwali|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-still-wants-free-trade-deal-with-india-by-diwali-2022-10-12/|website=[[Reuters]]|url-access=registration|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012125241/https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-still-wants-free-trade-deal-with-india-by-diwali-2022-10-12/|archive-date=12 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite this, in October
2022, the [[Secretary of State for International Trade]], [[Kemi Badenoch]], said that
the Government was no longer working to this deadline.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fraser|first=Douglas|date=13 October 2022|title=Scotching the trade deal with India?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-63194942|website=[[BBC News]]|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013135716/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-scotland-business-63194942|archive-date=13 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> She stated that the
Government wanted “to focus on the quality of the deal rather than the speed
of the deal”.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mukhopadhyay|first=Sounak|date=14 October 2022|title=India-UK free trade agreement: Diwali deadline no longer valid, negotiations still on|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/indiauk-free-trade-agreement-fta-diwali-deadline-no-longer-valid-negotiations-still-on-11665726331757.html|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014063321/https://www.livemint.com/news/world/indiauk-free-trade-agreement-fta-diwali-deadline-no-longer-valid-negotiations-still-on-11665726331757.html|archive-date=14 October 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

By December 2023, the UK and India had reached the 13th round of negotiations, deciding to fast track the agreement in order to complete prior to the elections in both countries the following year.<ref name="wrap"/> Negotiations between both countries are locked in several issues, one of which is the UK's concerns about agreeing to visas for professionals demanded by India.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Abhimanyu|date=15 December 2023|title=UK reluctant to agree to India's demands for visas under proposed FTA: Sources|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-uk-fta-visa-electric-vehicles-alcohol-scotch-whisky-18579431.htm|website=[[CNBC TV18]]|access-date=15 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215124442/https://www.cnbctv18.com/economy/india-uk-fta-visa-electric-vehicles-alcohol-scotch-whisky-18579431.htm|archive-date=15 December 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> The thirteenth round of negotiations concluded on 18 December 2023.<ref name="round13"/>

The fourteenth round of negotiations began on 10 January 2024.<ref name="round14">{{cite news|last=Singh|first=Namita|date=22 August 2023|title=Indian delegation in UK for final push on free trade agreement|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-uk-free-trade-agreement-b2499773.html|website=[[The Independent]]|access-date=21 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221123914/https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/india-uk-free-trade-agreement-b2499773.html|archive-date=21 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> India had been pushing to include social security payments for Indian workers in the UK, Badenoch is reportedly “keen to avoid” this.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Parker|first1=George|last2=Reed|first2=John|date=10 February 2024|title=UK-India trade deal talks hit impasse over social security payments|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a0366d72-7aa3-4905-9147-9717e2c6e419|website=Financial Times|access-date=5 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240218214051/https://www.ft.com/content/a0366d72-7aa3-4905-9147-9717e2c6e419|archive-date=18 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In March, UK Negotiators flew to India in a “last-gasp attempt to clinch an FTA before the Indian election campaign pauses talks”, according to a UK government official, adding that India believes “they will get more out of [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] on [[Travel visa|visas]] and social security”.<ref name="guardian">{{cite news|last=Courea|first=Eleni|date=5 March 2024|title=UK negotiators fly to India in last-ditch effort to seal free-trade deal|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/mar/05/uk-negotiators-fly-to-india-in-last-ditch-effort-to-seal-free-trade-deal|website=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=5 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305054232/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/mar/05/uk-negotiators-fly-to-india-in-last-ditch-effort-to-seal-free-trade-deal|archive-date=5 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shadow Secretary of State for Business and Trade]] [[Jonathan Reynolds]] and [[Shadow Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs|Shadow Foreign Secretary]] [[David Lammy]] visited India the month prior to talk with Indian officials.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Shajil|date=5 February 2024|title=Labour party aims to boost trade ties with India|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/labour-party-aims-to-boost-trade-ties-with-india/|website=[[Eastern Eye]]|access-date=5 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305124813/https://www.easterneye.biz/labour-party-aims-to-boost-trade-ties-with-india/|archive-date=5 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> The UK is asking for access in India's government procurement as well as signing a [[bilateral investment treaty]] before concluding the FTA.<ref>{{cite news|last=Suneja|first=Kirtika|date=5 March 2024|title=As India gets poll ready, FTA talks with UK in last leg|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/as-india-gets-poll-ready-fta-talks-with-uk-in-last-leg/articleshow/108246180.cms|website=[[The Economic Times]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=5 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305195516/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/as-india-gets-poll-ready-fta-talks-with-uk-in-last-leg/articleshow/108246180.cms|archive-date=5 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Some British trade officials are increasingly pessimistic about the India deal and see a [[Gulf Cooperation Council–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement|free trade agreement]] with the [[Gulf Cooperation Council]] as a more realistic deal which can be struck prior to the [[2024 United Kingdom general election|next election]].<ref name="guardian"/> The fourteenth round of negotiations remain open without a breakthrough on major outstanding issues between the two countries, India became primarily focused on their upcoming [[2024 Indian general election|general election]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Srivastava|first1=Shruti|last2=White|first2=Lucy|date=8 March 2024|title=India-UK Trade Talks Set to End With Key Issues Unresolved|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-08/india-uk-free-trade-talks-set-to-end-with-no-breakthrough-on-major-issues?srnd=uk-politics|website=Bloomberg|access-date=8 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308184411/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-03-08/india-uk-free-trade-talks-set-to-end-with-no-breakthrough-on-major-issues?srnd=uk-politics|archive-date=8 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Badenoch stated that
she would not use the Indian elections as a deadline, just prior to India signing a free trade agreement with the [[European Free Trade Association]], whose members include [[Iceland]], [[Liechtenstein]], [[Norway]], and [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Hoskins|first=Peter|date=11 March 2024|title=India signs $100bn free trade deal with four European nations|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-68531241|website=BBC News|access-date=11 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311030613/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-68531241|archive-date=11 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> On 12 March, Modi and British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]] agreed to work for an early conclusion of the free trade agreement, during a phone call.<ref>{{Cite x|last=Modi|first=Narendra|user=narendramodi|number=1767568626029138333|date=12 March 2024|title=Had a good conversation with PM @RishiSunak. We reaffirmed our commitment to further strengthen the bilateral Comprehensive Strategic Partnership and work for early conclusion of a mutually beneficial Free Trade Agreement.|url=https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1767568626029138333|access-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312171213/https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1767568626029138333|archive-date=12 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Seli|first=Yeshi|date=12 March 2024|title=PM Modi speaks to British PM Sunak, says will work for early conclusion of FTA|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/12/pm-modi-speaks-to-british-pm-sunak-says-will-work-for-early-conclusion-of-fta|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=12 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312172420/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Mar/12/pm-modi-speaks-to-british-pm-sunak-says-will-work-for-early-conclusion-of-fta|archive-date=12 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 15 March, it was announced that negotiations will be "put on ice" until spring after India's election concludes.<ref name="ice">{{cite news|last=Parker|first=George|date=15 March 2024|title=UK-India trade deal talks put on ice until end of spring|url=https://www.ft.com/content/34ef2976-63de-45c8-84a5-6cc3ebd49c69|website=Financial Times|access-date=15 March 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315225050/https://www.ft.com/content/34ef2976-63de-45c8-84a5-6cc3ebd49c69|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Courea|first=Eleni|date=15 March 2024|title=UK and India put free trade deal talks on ice until later this year|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/mar/15/uk-and-india-put-free-trade-deal-talks-on-ice-until-later-this-year|website=The Guardian|access-date=15 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315225344/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/mar/15/uk-and-india-put-free-trade-deal-talks-on-ice-until-later-this-year|archive-date=15 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> At the beginning of April, the [[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Indian Ministry of Commerce and Industry]] placed the completion of India–UK FTA as their priority for 100-day agenda after a new government takes charge.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kumar|first=Dhirendra|title=India-UK FTA tops commerce ministry's 100-day agenda|date=10 April 2024|url=https://www.livemint.com/economy/indiauk-fta-tops-commerce-ministry-s-100-day-agenda-11712740670033.html|website=Mint|access-date=11 April 2024|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410111912/https://www.livemint.com/economy/indiauk-fta-tops-commerce-ministry-s-100-day-agenda-11712740670033.html|archive-date=10 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Despite the fourteenth round being declared the prior month, the round remained open by request of India in April 2024; India demanded an exemption from the UK's planned [[Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism|carbon tax]], as well as concessions on [[Visa policy of the United Kingdom|visas]] for Indian workers and, a social security agreement.<ref>{{cite news|last=Courea|first=Eleni|date=19 April 2024|title=India seeks UK carbon tax exemption in free trade deal talks|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/apr/19/india-seeks-uk-carbon-tax-exemption-in-free-trade-deal-talks|website=The Guardian|access-date=19 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419124505/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2024/apr/19/india-seeks-uk-carbon-tax-exemption-in-free-trade-deal-talks|archive-date=19 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 May, a high-ranking British [[delegation]] had abruptly cancelled its scheduled visit to New Delhi, due to the [[snap election]] announcement in the UK a few days prior.<ref>{{cite news|last=Singla|first=Anmol|date=28 May 2024|title=British delegation calls off New Delhi visit, putting India-UK FTA talks in limbo. What is going on?|url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/british-delegation-calls-off-new-delhi-visit-putting-india-uk-fta-talks-in-limbo-what-is-going-on-13775916.html|website=[[Firstpost]]|access-date=31 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528100910/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/british-delegation-calls-off-new-delhi-visit-putting-india-uk-fta-talks-in-limbo-what-is-going-on-13775916.html|archive-date=28 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

By Spring 2024, the majority of the 26 chapters in the FTA, which include [[goods]], [[Service (economics)|services]], investments and [[Intellectual property#Rights|intellectual property rights]] were completed; the remainder of the unresolved issues were [[rules of origin]], [[Duty (tax)|duty concessions]] on [[Electric vehicle|electric vehicles]], [[Scotch whisky]], [[Welfare spending|social security]] agreement, [[Eco-tariff|carbon border tax]], and [[liberalisation]] of [[financial services]], in addition to a separate bilateral investment treaty.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 May 2024|title=Election delays over FTA: Finalising the Indo-UK deal will have to await the incoming governments in both nations|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/election-delays-over-fta-finalising-the-indo-uk-deal-will-have-to-await-the-incoming-governments-in-both-nations/3505251/|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|access-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530160255/https://www.financialexpress.com/opinion/election-delays-over-fta-finalising-the-indo-uk-deal-will-have-to-await-the-incoming-governments-in-both-nations/3505251/|archive-date=30 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Following Modi's re-election on 4 June, which was received positively by UK-based strategic experts and poll watchers, Modi maintained his party's stated objective to conclude the UK-India FTA negotiations within those first 100 days.<ref>{{cite news|date=4 June 2024|title=India's thriving flourishing democratic process wins big in UK|url=https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2024/06/04/fgn55-uk-india-election-reax.html|website=[[The Week (Indian magazine)|The Week]]|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240604142542/https://www.theweek.in/wire-updates/international/2024/06/04/fgn55-uk-india-election-reax.html|archive-date=4 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> India had to wait until 4 July for the conclusion of the British general election, in order to resume negotiations for the FTA.<ref>{{cite news|last=Craw|first=Victoria|date=5 June 2024|title=UK may work with India on visas and trade after elections|url=https://inews.co.uk/news/world/uk-may-work-india-visas-trade-election-3092488|website=[[The i Paper]]|access-date=5 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605144940/https://inews.co.uk/news/world/uk-may-work-india-visas-trade-election-3092488|archive-date=5 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 June, Modi and Sunak reaffirmed their commitment to concluding the free trade agreement at a bilateral meeting during the [[50th G7 summit]].<ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 2024|title=G7 Summit: PM Modi and British PM Rishi Sunak meet in Italy|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/g7-summit-pm-modi-and-british-pm-rishi-sunak-meet-in-italy-to-discuss-bilateral-relations/articleshow/110996519.cms|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614123837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/g7-summit-pm-modi-and-british-pm-rishi-sunak-meet-in-italy-to-discuss-bilateral-relations/articleshow/110996519.cms|archive-date=14 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=14 June 2024|title=PM Modi meets British counterpart Sunak; reaffirms commitment to bilateral strategic ties|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-meets-british-counterpart-rishi-sunak/articleshow/110997375.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=14 June 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614124047/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/pm-modi-meets-british-counterpart-rishi-sunak/articleshow/110997375.cms|archive-date=14 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> Upon the election of [[Keir Starmer|Sir Keir Starmer]] as British Prime Minister, the two leaders agreed to work towards early conclusion of a mutually beneficial FTA during a phone call.<ref>{{cite news|date=5 July 2024|title=Starmer, Modi agree to work towards mutually beneficial India-UK FTA|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/starmer-modi-agree-to-work-towards-mutually-beneficial-india-uk-fta/article68375362.ece|website=[[Business Line]]|access-date=7 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706232254/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/starmer-modi-agree-to-work-towards-mutually-beneficial-india-uk-fta/article68375362.ece|archive-date=6 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> During a visit to [[New Delhi]] in late July, [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] [[David Lammy]] and Modi committed to an early conclusion for the FTA under the [[Premiership of Keir Starmer|Starmer government]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Kiran|date=26 July 2024|title=India and U.K. eye early FTA under new Starmer government|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/India-and-U.K.-eye-early-FTA-under-new-Starmer-government|website=[[Nikkei Asia]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=26 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725160423/https://asia.nikkei.com/favicon.ico|archive-date=25 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

At the [[2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit]], Starmer and Modi agreed to relaunch negotiations for an FTA in early 2025, Starmer also proposed upgrading [[India–United Kingdom relations|bilateral relations]] by seeking a new Strategic Partnership covering energy and security.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gregory|first=Andy|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-india-trade-talks-2025-starmer-b2649409.html|title=UK to relaunch 'vital' trade talks with India in early 2025|date=19 November 2024|website=The Independent|access-date=19 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241119024010/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/uk-india-trade-talks-2025-starmer-b2649409.html|archive-date=19 November 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> FTA talks were relaunched on 14 January 2025.<ref>{{cite news|author=The Economic Times|date=14 January 2025|title=Free Trade Agreement talks with India have been relaunched: UK|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/free-trade-agreement-talks-with-india-have-been-relaunched-uk/articleshow/117242537.cms|website=The Economic Times|access-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114174026/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/free-trade-agreement-talks-with-india-have-been-relaunched-uk/articleshow/117242537.cms|archive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Press Trust of India|author-link=Press Trust of India|date=14 January 2025|title=UK, India relaunch FTA talks to strengthen ties, focus on green tech trade|url=https://www.business-standard.com/industry/news/uk-india-relaunch-fta-talks-to-strengthen-ties-focus-on-green-tech-trade-125011401092_1.html|location=London|website=[[Business Standard]]|access-date=14 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114174011/https://www.business-standard.com/industry/news/uk-india-relaunch-fta-talks-to-strengthen-ties-focus-on-green-tech-trade-125011401092_1.html|archive-date=14 January 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 April 2025, [[Chancellor of the Exchequer|Chancellor]] [[Rachel Reeves]] and [[Minister of Finance (India)|Finance Minister]] [[Nirmala Sitharaman]] announced that 90% of the trade agreement had been completed, including mobility visas for Indian workers which had been one of the most contentious negotiation issues; the outstanding issues related to [[whisky]], [[car|cars]], and [[Medication|pharmaceuticals]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Courea|first=Eleni|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2025/apr/09/we-are-nearly-there-uk-and-india-agree-90-of-free-trade-agreement|title='We are nearly there': UK and India agree 90% of free trade agreement|date=9 April 2025|website=The Guardian|access-date=9 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250409192531/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2025/apr/09/we-are-nearly-there-uk-and-india-agree-90-of-free-trade-agreement|archive-date=9 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported on 27 April 2025, that India had watered down its original requests in regards to visas.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2025 |title=India blinks on visas to pave way for UK trade deal |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/india-visa-new-rules-pave-way-uk-trade-deal/ |access-date=28 April 2025 |website=Politico|language=en-GB}}</ref> On 29 April 2025, [[Piyush Goyal]] declared that “25 of 26 matters have been agreed.”<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2025 |title=UK and India on cusp of striking trade deal |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/uk-india-cusp-strike-trade-deal/ |access-date=30 April 2025 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref> On 6 May 2025, Prime Minister Modi announced that an agreement had been reached between India and the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite news|last=Srivastava|first=Shruti|date=6 May 2025|title=UK, India Agree Trade Deal Amid Fallout of Trump Tariff Wars|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/talks-relaunch-on-india-trade-deal-to-boost-uks-growth-agenda|website=Bloomberg|url-access=subscription|access-date=6 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506131301/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-06/uk-india-agree-trade-deal-amid-fallout-of-trump-tariff-wars?srnd=phx-economics-v2|archive-date=6 May 2025|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="conclusion"/>

== Impact ==
[[File:Prime Minister of Bharat, Shri Narendra Damodardas Modi and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Sir Keir Starmer addressing a joint press meet.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] and UK Prime Minister [[Keir Starmer]] on 24 July 2025]]
The agreement resulted in a significant boost to bilateral economic relations, with over £1.3 billion in new investments from 64 Indian companies into the United Kingdom. This investment created approximately 6,900 jobs across various UK regions and sectors, including engineering, technology, and the creative industries. The agreement enhanced investor confidence, reduced tariffs on imports between the two countries, and reinforced India's position as the UK's second-largest investor, contributing to domestic economic growth and strengthening UK-India trade ties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nearly 7,000 new UK jobs to be created as a result of Prime Minister's trip to India |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/nearly-7000-new-uk-jobs-to-be-created-as-a-result-of-prime-ministers-trip-to-india |access-date=9 October 2025 |website=GOV.UK |language=en}}</ref>

The deal is expected to increase the UK's [[gross domestic product]] by £4.8 billion annually and boost bilateral trade with India by an additional £25.5 billion per year by 2040.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2025 |title=Keir Starmer meets Narendra Modi on his first visit to India |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/czdj66llg9go |access-date=9 October 2025 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Comments ==
[[Diageo]] [[United Spirits|India]] CEO, Hina Nagarajan stated that the FTA would be one of the greatest milestones for [[market access]] in the [[alcoholic beverage]] industry in decades if the 150% duty levied on [[Import|imported]] Scotch [[whisky]] is reduced.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Abhimanyu|date=29 May 2024|title=Diageo India: India-UK FTA will be a milestone for market access if 150% duty comes down|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/diageo-india-india-uk-fta-will-be-a-milestone-for-market-access-if-150-pc-duty-comes-down-19420063.htm|website=CNBC TV18|access-date=30 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529211939/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/diageo-india-india-uk-fta-will-be-a-milestone-for-market-access-if-150-pc-duty-comes-down-19420063.htm/|archive-date=29 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

UK Business and Trade Secretary [[Peter Kyle]] stated that India's position as the world's fourth-largest economy presented major opportunities for British businesses, highlighted by billions in investment supporting thousands of UK jobs. He noted that the UK-India trade agreement further strengthened bilateral ties and contributed to economic growth across the UK.<ref name=":0" />

Starmer faced questions regarding India's continued [[India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine|purchase of Russian fossil fuels]], stating that he respects India's "strategic independence."<ref>{{cite news |title=Modi, Starmer tout India-UK trade deal as new Indian investment unveiled |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/uk-pm-starmer-hail-trade-tech-ties-modi-meeting-2025-10-08/ |work=Reuters |date=9 October 2025}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|India|United Kingdom|Politics}}
*[[Free trade agreements of India]]
*[[Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom]]
*[[India–European Union Free Trade Agreement]]
*[[India–United Kingdom relations]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom}}
{{Foreign relations of India}}
{{Foreign relations of the United Kingdom}}

[[Category:2025 in international relations]]
[[Category:2025 in London]]
[[Category:2025 in India|United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]]
[[Category:July 2025 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Treaties concluded in 2025]]
[[Category:Bilateral treaties of India|United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]]
[[Category:Bilateral treaties of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Free trade agreements of India|United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]]
[[Category:Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:India and the Commonwealth of Nations|United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]]
[[Category:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Premiership of Keir Starmer]]
[[Category:India–United Kingdom relations|Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement]]

Shastri Nagar metro station

2026-01-18T22:07:40Z

LavernRuss601: quick cleanup details for consistency also and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|Metro station in Delhi, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Delhi Metro logo.svg|50px]] Shastri Nagar
| type = {{Delhi Metro Infobox station line|line=Red}}
| style = Delhi Metro
| image = SHASTRIDELHI.jpg
| image_caption = Shastri Nagar metro station
| address = shri balaji madical.ltd, E2/202, Block C, Subhadra Colony, Shastri Nagar, New Delhi, Delhi, 110052
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| line = {{rcb|Delhi Metro|Red|croute}}
| other =
| structure = [[Elevated]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}} Platform-2 → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}}
| depth =
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = Available
| bicycle =
| opened = {{start date and age|2003|10|3|df=yes}}
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code = {{#property:P296}}
| owned = [[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
| zone =
| former =
| passengers = 17,006 /day 527,195/ Month average
| pass_year = Jan 2015
| pass_rank =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| mpassengers =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=Delhi Metro|line=Red|right=Pratap Nagar|left=Inderlok}}
| route_map = {{Delhi Metro Red Line Route}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #{{rail color|Delhi Metro|Red}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}
The '''Shastri Nagar''' (formerly called Vivekanandapuri)<ref name="rename">{{cite news|title=Delhi Metro stations to be renamed in Phase-III |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Delhi-Metro-stations-to-be-renamed-in-Phase-III/articleshow/24502288.cms |first=Rumu |last=Bannerjee |date=22 October 2013 |work=[[Times of India]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=Jan 2, 2016}}</ref> metro station is located on the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red Line]] of the [[Delhi Metro]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html|title=Station Information|access-date=2010-06-26|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html|archive-date=19 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
{|table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=3
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=50 rowspan=4 valign=top|'''L2'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100|'''Platform 2''' '''Eastbound'''
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500|Towards → {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|R}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Pratap Nagar}}
|-
|'''Platform 1''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← {{ltl|Delhi Metro|Red|L}} '''Next Station:''' {{stl|Delhi Metro|Inderlok}} '''''Change at the next station for '''{{rcb|Delhi Metro|Green|croute}}''
|-
|style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;text-align:center;" colspan=2|[[Side platform]] | Doors will open on the left {{access icon}}
|-
|valign=top|'''L1'''
|valign=top|Concourse
|valign=top|Fare control, station agent, Metro Card vending machines, crossover
|-
|style="border-bottom:solid 1px grey;border-top:solid 1px grey;" width=50 valign=top|'''G'''
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=100 valign=top|Street Level
|style="border-top:solid 1px grey;border-bottom:solid 1px grey;" width=500 valign=top|Exit/Entrance
|}

==Facilities==

List of available [[Cash machine|ATM]] at Shastri Nagar metro station are
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ATM_details.aspx|title = DMRC : ATM Details}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of Delhi Metro stations]]
*[[Transport in Delhi]]
*[[Delhi Metro Rail Corporation]]
*[[Delhi Suburban Railway]]
*[[Rapid transit in India|List of rapid transit systems in India]]
*[[Delhi Transport Corporation]]
*[[List of Metro Systems]]
{{Clear}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Transport|Engineering}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Delhi Metro}}
{{Wikivoyage|Delhi}}
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/ Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (Official site)]
* [http://www.delhimetrorail.com/annual_report.aspx/ Delhi Metro Annual Reports]
* {{cite web|title=Station Information |work=Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (DMRC) |url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archive-date=19 June 2010 |df=dmy }}
* [http://www.urbanrail.net ''UrbanRail.Net''] – descriptions of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.

{{Delhi Metro}}
{{Delhi & NCR Metro stations|red line=yes}}

one and half an hour distance from Nehru Place

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 2003]]
[[Category:Delhi Metro stations]]
[[Category:Railway stations in North Delhi district]]
[[Category:Memorials to Lal Bahadur Shastri]]

{{Delhi-metro-stub}}
{{Delhi-railstation-stub}}

Rahul Nambiar

2026-01-08T00:31:37Z

LavernRuss601: brief expanded formatting for clarity further

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Rahul Nambiar
| image = Rahul Nambiar Profile.jpg
| caption = Rahul Nambiar singing at a concert in US
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name =
| alias =
| birth_place = [[Kannur]], [[Kerala]], India
| instrument =
| genre = [[Film score]], theatre, [[world music]], [[Pop music|pop]]
| occupation = Singer, Composer, [[Performer]]
| years_active = 2006–present
| label =
| associated_acts =
| website =
}}
'''Rahul Nambiar''' is an Indian [[playback singer]] and live performer. He won the ''Swapthaswarangal'' show in 2001 and began singing live. He sang more than 2000 songs in movies, and later ventured into [[playback singing]], performing for many leading South Indian film composers in various languages.

==Career==

Rahul hails from [[Kannur]], Kerala and was brought up in Delhi and Chennai.<ref name="hindu1">{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/22/stories/2009052251230300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090525142310/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2009/05/22/stories/2009052251230300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2009 |title=Friday Review Thiruvananthapuram / Cinema : Dreaming big |location=India |date=22 May 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> After completing his [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] and [[Master of Commerce|M.Com]], Rahul started working for two years in a bank, which he felt was too "monotonous",<ref name="thehindu1">{{cite web|author=T. Krithika Reddy |url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/money-and-careers/article2090630.ece |title=Life & Style / Money & Careers : The Sing Thing |work=The Hindu|location=India |date=9 June 2011 |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> before performing at live shows with [[Sunitha Sarathy]].<ref name="hinduonnet2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/05/15/stories/2007051550160100.htm |title=The Hindu : Metro Plus Chennai : 'Versatility is important' |website=www.hinduonnet.com |access-date=17 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226070936/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/05/15/stories/2007051550160100.htm |archive-date=26 February 2008 |url-status=usurped}}</ref> In 2001, he won the [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] Sapthaswarangal contest, beating 3000 contestants, following which he decided to pursue a singing career.<ref name="hindu1"/> Rahul was introduced as a [[playback singer]] by [[Vijay Antony]] in the Tamil film ''[[Dishyum]]''.<ref name="hindu1"/>

In 2009, Rahul joined hands with his longtime friend and bass player [[Aalap Raju]] to form a band named RAHLAAP.<ref name="thehindu1"/> The duo released a self-titled album in [[Hindi]] language based on "Music beyond genres",<ref name="thehindu1"/> on which they had worked for four years.<ref name="hindu1"/> He is considered a versatile singer, having sung in various genres such as Western, Carnatic, light music and hip-hop.<ref name="hindu1"/><ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20080226070936/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2007/05/15/stories/2007051550160100.htm The Hindu : Metro Plus Chennai : 'Versatility is important’']}}</ref> Rahul has performed more than 400 live shows around India and abroad,<ref name="hindu1"/> and over 350 songs for films, most prominent ones being [[Mani Sharma]]'s "Vasantha Mullai" (''[[Pokkiri]]''),<ref name="hinduonnet2007"/> [[Yuvan Shankar Raja]]'s "Adada Mazhada" (''[[Paiyaa]]'') which fetched him his first [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare]] nomination for the [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Tamil)|Best Male Playback Singer Award]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/67252.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604053400/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/article/67252.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 June 2011 |title=Nominees of Idea Filmfare Awards South – Tamil Movie News |work=IndiaGlitz |access-date=20 October 2011}}</ref> In 2012, he won his first [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare]] award in the [[Filmfare Best Male Playback Award (Telugu)|Best Male Playback Singer Award]] category for [[Thaman]]'s "Guruvaram" song (''[[Dookudu]]''). He has also lent his voice for several ad jingles.<ref name="hindu1"/>

Rahul Nambiar since 2019 is also part of a trio called ''MAKKA'' with his musician friends [[Aalap Raju]] and [[Ranjith Govind]], where they perform some rocking cine and non-film songs. Their performance is an extension of their years of friendship. MAKKA has released quite a few cover songs on their YouTube channel & their own compositions like Valentine Oru Vaalu & MAKKA SONG.

==Discography==

{| class="wikitable sortable" width="90%"
! Year !! Song !! Film !! Language !! Notes
|-
| 2006 || "Bhoomikku Velicham" || ''[[Dishyum]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2006 || "City of Sins" || ''[[Thalainagaram]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2006 || "Chattuputtu" || ''[[Nenjil Jil Jil]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Om Ennum" || ''[[Sabari (2007 film)|Sabari]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Maro Maro" || ''[[Chirutha]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Vasantha Mullai" || ''[[Pokkiri]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Valentine" || ''[[Madhumasam]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Entha Kudirayil" || ''[[Satham Podathey]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Mayakudirayil" || ''Kelkatha Shabdham'' (dubbed version) || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Pitta Pitta" || ''[[Em Magan|Vijetha]]'' (dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Para Para Pattampoochi" || ''[[Kattradhu Thamizh]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Yo Baby" || ''[[Malaikottai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Yo Baby" || ''Bhayya'' (dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Kabadadharani", "Valla Valla" || ''[[Athidhi (2007 film)|Athidhi]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2007 || "Naanthana" || ''[[Ninaithaley]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Priyatama & Dhannaley Thalley" "Maati Maatiki" || ''[[Ullasamga Utsahamga]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Manakanna Podichey" || ''[[Parugu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Aa Ee Oo" || ''[[Okka Magadu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "I Go Crazy" || ''[[Kantri]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Chethavenna Mudha" || ''[[Dongala Bandi]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Yuvatha Yuvatha" || ''[[Yuvatha]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || rowspan="2"| "Dosthu Bada Dosthu" || ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Saroja (2008 film)|Saroja]]'' (Dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Kaalai" || ''[[Kaalai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Andalaney" || ''[[Pourudu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Nee Jimmada" || ''[[Ontari (film)|Ontari]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Adigadigo" || ''[[Lakshmi Putrudu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Chidesi Chinna Pedda" || ''[[Avakai Biryani]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Ee Ravil" || ''[[Mulla (film)|Mulla]]'' || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2008 || "Sooriyanai" || ''[[Vellithirai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Narinja Pandu" || ''[[Bumper Offer]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "A Aa E Ee" || ''[[A Aa E Ee (2009 Tamil film)|A Aa E Ee]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "College Student" || ''[[Aadatha Aattamellam]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Thulukanam" || ''[[Balam (2009 film)|Balam]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Mrogindi" || ''[[Aadhavan|Ghatikudu]]'' (Dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "July Madathil" || ''[[Muthirai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Puththam Pudidai" || ''[[Saa Boo Three]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Ilavayasu Pasangalathaan" || ''[[Mathiya Chennai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Thellavaarithey" || ''[[Mitrudu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Sunday Sunday" || ''[[Chickpete Sachagalu]]'' || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Kalyana Kaaviyam" || ''[[Meipporul]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Ela Entha Sepu" || ''[[Sasirekha Parinayam (film)|Sasirekha Pranayam]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Memory Lossu" || ''[[Kick (2009 film)|Kick]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Bhaba Re" || ''[[Vayuputra]]'' || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Kattikitta Rasa" "Poothadhu Poovu" || ''[[Jagan Mohini]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Chesukunte & Poochenu" || ''[[Jagan Mohini]]'' (Dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Thappu Ledu" || ''[[Sindhanai Sei|Bheebatsam]]''; (Dubbed version) || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Bhayyam" || ''[[Rechipo]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Malli Malli" || ''[[Evaraina Epudaina]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Adi Usha Sandhya", "Ambum Kombum" || ''[[Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja (film)|Pazhasi Raja]]'' || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Adi Mudal", "Agilam Ellam" || ''Pazhasi Raja'' (Dubbed version) || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Nuvvu Ready" || ''Samardhudu'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Anjali" || ''[[Anjaneyulu (film)|Anjaneyulu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Katru Pudidai" || ''[[Kanden Kadhalai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Nuvena Nenu" || ''[[Malli Malli]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2009 || "Swapnangal" || ''[[Bhagyadevatha]]'' || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Oopirage Badhantey" || ''[[Brindavanam (2010 film)|Brindavanam]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Adada Mazha Da" || ''[[Paiyya]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] || {{Nominated}}{{Emdash}}[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil]]
|-
| 2010 || "Arerey Vaana" || ''[[Awara (2010 film)|Aawara]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Happy" || ''[[Bale Pandiya (2010 film)|Bale Pandiya]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Come On" || ''[[Super (2010 Indian film)|Super]]'' || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Nangai" || ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Orellella Nanna" || ''[[Porki]]''|| [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Yeppadithaan" || ''[[Maanja Velu]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Chikku Bukku" || ''[[Chikku Bukku]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Nee Ondrum" || ''[[Moscowin Kaveri]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Ninnalanni" || ''[[Inkosari]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Kuppathu Rajakal" || ''[[Kaathadi]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Ninney Yeri" || ''[[Yuganiki Okkadu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Pachai Kili" || ''[[Ayyanar (film)|Ayyanar]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Bhaiyyam" || ''[[Kiccha Huccha]]'' || [[Kannada language|Kannada]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Pranama Pranama" || ''[[Darling (2010 film)|Darling]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2010 || "Venmukilin" || ''[[Mummy & Me]]'' || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] || {{Nominated}}{{Emdash}}[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Malayalam]]
|-
| 2010 || "Yeduraiyeh" || ''[[Happy Happy Ga]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Poove Poove" || ''[[Singam Puli]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Mudhal Mozhi" || ''[[Sabash Sariyana Potti]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Casanova" || ''[[Kandaen]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Oka Tholakari Vela" || ''[[Naa Peru Shiva]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Guruvaram" || ''[[Dookudu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] || {{Won}}{{Emdash}}[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu]] Won{{Emdash}}[[SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer (Telugu)]]
|-
| 2011 || "Neduvaali" || ''[[Osthe]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Yennaidhuvo" || ''[[Mouna Guru]]''|| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Idhayam Pesudey" || ''Pesu'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Kracko Jacko" || ''[[Uyarthiru 420]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Amruthamayi Abhayamai" ||rowspan="2"| ''[[Snehaveedu]]'' || rowspan="2"|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Chandrabimbathin"
|-
| 2011 || "Silaka" || ''[[Mirapakay]]'' ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2011 || "Nangai" || ''[[Engeyum Kadhal]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Hosanna" || ''[[Bodyguard (2012 film)|Bodyguard]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Cinderella" || ''[[Endukante Premanta]]'' ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Doodi Pinjalaanti" || ''[[Tuneega Tuneega]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Aamchi Mumbai" || rowspan="2"|''[[Businessman (film)|Businessman]]'' ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Pilla Chao" || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Kalavu" || ''[[Aravaan]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Paddadey Peggura" || ''[[Shakuni]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Yaaradi Mohini" || ''[[Thaandavam]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Yemiti" || ''Shiva Thaandavam'' (''Dubbed version)''||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Aapu Birthday" || ''[[Rendavathu Padam]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "College Padam" || ''[[Naan Rajavaga Pogiren]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Aasaiye Alaipoley", "Birthday" || ''[[Kanna Laddu Thinna Aasaiya]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Inka Cheppale" || ''[[Seethamma Vakitlo Sirimalle Chettu]]'' ||[[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2012 || "Laila O Laila" || ''[[Naayak]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2013 ||"Nuvvala Nenela" || ''[[Priyathama Neevachata Kusalama]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2013 || "Sairo Sairo" || ''[[Baadshah (2013 film)|Baadshah]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2013 || "Yaarukkum Sollama" || ''[[All in All Azhagu Raja]]'' || [[Tami language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2013 || "Nadhi Vellam" || ''[[Thangameengal]]'' || [[Tami language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2014 || "Boochade Boochade" || ''[[Race Gurram]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2014 || "Aaja Saroja" || ''[[Aagadu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2014 || "Choopinchandey" || ''[[Heart Attack (2014 film)|Heart Attack]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2014 || "Chesededo" || ''[[Mukunda]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|2015
|"O Jaane Jaana"
|[[James Bond (2015 film)|James Bond]]
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| 2015 || "Janda Pi Kapiraju", "Temple Song" || ''[[Kick 2]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2016 || "Mannin Makane" || ''[[Oyee]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2016 || "Bala Tripuramani" || ''[[Brahmotsavam (film)|Brahmotsavam]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|2016
|"O Manasa"
|''[[Shourya (2016 film)|Shourya]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
| 2016 || "Endha Pakkam" || ''[[Dharma Durai (2016 film)|Dharma Durai]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2016 || "nammave bujji thalle" || ''[[Jaguar (2016 film)|Jaguar]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2016 || " Azhake" || ''[[Vanothan Album]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2017 || " My Love is Back" || ''[[Mahanubhavudu]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2017 || " Saarah Saarah" || ''[[Gowdru Hotel]]'' || [[Kannada]]||
|-
| 2017 || "Dagalti Dagalti" || ''[[Ivan Thanthiran]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2017 || "Ninna Haage" || ''[[Shivalinga (2017 film)|Shivalinga]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2018 || Sunoona Sunaina || '' [[Tholi Prema (2018 film)|Tholi Prema]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
| 2018 || Bar Song || '' [[Ghajinikanth]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]]||
|-
| 2019 || "Naalai Namathada" || ''[[Bow Bow]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2019 || "Thadai Illai Odu" || ''[[Raatchasi]]'' || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| 2020 || "[[OMG Daddy]]" || ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ||
|-
| 2020 || "[[OMG Daddy]]" || ''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo|Angu Vaikunthapurathu]]'' (Dubbed version) || [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] ||
|-
| 2021 ||"Mass Biryani" || ''[[Krack (film)|Krack]]'' || [[Telugu language|Telugu]]||
|-
|2021
|"Mama Mama"
|''[[Kanabadutaledu]]''
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|2021
|"Odu Odu Aade"
|''[[Pushpa: The Rise (soundtrack)|Pushpa: The Rise – Part 1]]'' (Dubbed version)
|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]
|
|-
|2022
|"OMG Daddy"
|''[[Ala Vaikunthapurramuloo]]'' (Dubbed version)
|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]
|
|-
|2023
|"Ranjthame"
|''[[Varisu]]'' (Dubbed version)
|Hindi
|
|-
|2023
|"Thee Thalapathy"
|''Varisu'' (Dubbed version)
|Hindi
|
|-
| 2023 || "Ranjithame" || ''[[Varisu]]'' (dubbed version) || Hindi ||
|-
| 2023 || "Padi Padi Parugidi" || ''[[Ala Ila Ela]]'' || Telugu ||
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123021443/http://rahlaap.com/ |title=Official website |date=dmy}}
* {{Instagram|rahulnofficial}}
{{Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nambiar, Rahul}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male playback singers]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Malayalam-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Kannada-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kannur]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:Indian male pop singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]

Ayushree Malik

2025-12-24T02:45:09Z

LavernRuss601:

{{Short description|Indian model, dancer and beauty pageant titleholder (born 2005)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = Ayushree Malik
| photo =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| education = [[Delhi University]]
| height = {{height|m=1.78}}
| occupation =
| eye_color =
| hair_color =
| title = [[Miss Diva 2024|Miss Supranational India 2025]]
| competitions = {{Ubl|[[Miss Diva 2024]]|(Winner – Miss Supranational India 2025)|[[Miss Supranational 2025]]|(Top 24)}}
}}

'''Ayushree Malik''' is an Indian [[beauty pageant]] titleholder who was crowned [[Miss Diva 2024|Miss Supranational India 2025]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.zoomtventertainment.com/bollywood/liva-miss-diva-2024-grand-finale-leading-queens-of-the-fashion-hunt-are-article-151245787 | title=LIVA Miss Diva 2024 Grand Finale: Leading Queens Of The Fashion Hunt Are | publisher=[[Zoom (Indian TV channel)|Zoom TV]] | work=Risha Ganguly | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/vipra-mehta-ayushree-malik-share-their-pageant-journeys-1867619 | title=Vipra Mehta, Ayushree Malik Share Their Pageant Journeys | publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] | work=Lipika Varma | date=18 March 2025 | accessdate=28 March 2025}}</ref> She represented India at the [[Miss Supranational 2025]] competition in [[Poland]] and placed in Top 24 by winning the Supra Chat challenge.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.net.ph/2025/01/19/miss-supranational-25-to-kick-off-in-june-in-poland | title=Miss Supranational '25 to kick off in June in Poland | publisher=[[Daily Tribune (Philippines)]] | work=Kiko Escuadro | date=19 January 2025 | accessdate=31 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/ayushree-malik-and-vipra-mehta-crowned-miss-diva-2024-winners-8833847 | title=Ayushree Malik and Vipra Mehta crowned Miss Diva 2024 winners | publisher=[[WION]] | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.etnownews.com/entertainment/liva-miss-diva-2024-announces-its-winners-historic-night-of-fashion-talent-and-triumph-indias-most-promising-stars-in-beauty-fashion-design-and-content-creation-article-118799142 | title=LIVA Miss Diva 2024 announces its winners - Meet India's most promising stars in beauty, fashion design, and content creation, Historic night of fashion, talent and triumph! | publisher=[[ET Now]] | work=Prashant V Singh | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref>

She was also a participant in [[Femina Miss India 2024]], where she was one of the Top 5 regional finalists from [[Bihar]] and [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-diva/who-is-liva-miss-diva-beauty-queen-2024-finalist-ayushree-malik-watch-now/videoshow/151233631.cms | title=Who is LIVA Miss Diva Beauty Queen 2024 finalist Ayushree Malik? Watch now! | publisher=[[Femina (India)|Femina]] | date=4 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref>

== Pageantry ==
=== Miss Diva 2024 ===
On 27 January 2025, Ayushree was named one of the Top 20 initially shortlisted candidates for the Miss Diva Beauty Queen 2024 title at the Miss Diva 2024 competition. She later advanced to the Top 8 finalists. On the grand finale held on 7 March 2025, at The LaLit in Mumbai, she won the title of Miss Diva Supranational 2025. She was crowned by [[Andrea Aguilera (Ecuadorian model)|Andrea Aguilera]], [[Miss Supranational 2023]] from [[Ecuador]], alongside [[Ritika Khatnani]], [[Miss Supranational 2022|Miss Supranational India 2022]]. During the competition, Ayushree also won the Miss Body Beautiful subtitle.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/htcity/htcity-showstoppers/an-evening-of-divas-talent-and-big-wins-101741439450446.html | title=An evening of divas, talent and big wins! | publisher=[[Hindustan Times]] | work=Shweta Sunny | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref>

=== Miss Supranational 2025 ===
Malik went on to represent India at Miss Supranational 2025 in Nowy Sącz, Poland. She advanced to the Top 24 finalists. She won the title of Supra Chat Challenge.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newsdrum.in/entertainment/liva-miss-diva-crowns-ayushree-malik-and-vipra-mehta-as-winners-8833773 | title=LIVA Miss Diva crowns Ayushree Malik and Vipra Mehta as winners | publisher=Newsdrum | date=8 March 2025 | accessdate=8 March 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-ach}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Sonal Kukreja]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Miss Diva|Miss Diva Supranational]]
|years=[[Miss Diva 2024|2025]]}}
{{S-aft|after=Avni Gupta}}
{{S-end}}

{{Miss Supranational 2025 delegates}}
{{Portalbar|India|Biography}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malik, Ayushree}}
[[Category:2005 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian beauty pageant winners]]
[[Category:Miss Supranational contestants]]

Nallasopara

2025-12-21T06:05:53Z

LavernRuss601: done...

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nallasopara
| other_name = 
| settlement_type = [[City]]
| image_skyline = 2017-05-27 08.47.41 1 Nallasopara.jpg
| image_alt = Hilltop view of Nallasopara's eastern urban area
| image_caption = Hilltop panorama of the city from 2017
| nickname =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra#India3
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|19.4154|N|72.8613|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Maharashtra.svg}} [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Palghar district|Palghar]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[City]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Vasai-Virar]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporation]]
| governing_body = [[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 184,664
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = East: 401 209 West: 401 203
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0250
| registration_plate = MH48
| website =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = Nallasopara
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Nallasopara''' or '''Nala Sopara''' (pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[naːla sopaɾa]]]), formerly known as '''Sopara''' or '''Supara''', is a city in the [[Palghar district]] of [[Maharashtra]], India, and is governed by the [[Vasai-Virar Municipal Corporation]] (VVMC). The city lies within the [[Mumbai Metropolitan Region]]. The [[Nallasopara railway station]] is part of the [[Western Railway Zone]] and comes under the police jurisdiction of Mira-Bhayander, Vasai-Virar Police Commissionerate.

Nallasopara is accepted by scholars as the [[Shurparaka]] (lit. ''city of braves''; {{IAST|Śūrpāraka}}){{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} or Supparak of ancient India and was a busy trade centre and an important seat of [[Buddhism]]. It was one of the administrative units under the [[Satavahanas]] and is mentioned in the inscriptions of [[Karli, India|Karle]], [[Nashik]], [[Naneghat]], and [[Kanheri]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

==Climate==
It has tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry climate (Aw) under the Köppen climate classification, with seven months of dryness and peak of rains in July.

This moderate climate consists of high rainfall days and very few days of extreme temperatures. The cooler season from December to February is followed by the summer season from March to June. The period from June to about the end of September constitutes the south-west monsoon season, and October and November form the post-monsoon season. The driest days are in winter while the wettest days occur in July.

Between June and September, the south-west monsoon rains lash the region. Pre-monsoon showers are received in May. Occasionally, monsoon showers occur in October and November. The average total annual rainfall averages between {{convert|2,000|and|2,500|mm|in|abbr=on}}. Annually, over 80% of the total rainfall is experienced during June to October. Average humidity is 61-86%, making it a humid climate zone.

The temperature varies from {{convert|22|to|36|C|F}}. The average temperature is {{convert|26.6|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, and the average precipitation is {{convert|2,434|mm|in|abbr=on}}. The average minimum temperature is {{convert|22.5|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. The daily mean maximum temperature range from {{convert|28.4|to|33.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}, while the daily mean minimum temperature ranges from {{convert|17.5|to|26.4|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. In winter, temperature ranges between {{convert|12|and|25|C|F}} while summer temperature ranges from {{convert|36|to|41|C|F}}

{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=Nala sopara
|temperature colour=pastel
|Jan high C=28.5
|Feb high C=29
|Mar high C=31
|Apr high C=32.5
|May high C=33.2
|Jun high C=32
|Jul high C=29.7
|Aug high C=29.5
|Sep high C=29.8
|Oct high C=32.1
|Nov high C=32
|Dec high C=30.3

|Jan mean C=23.2
|Feb mean C=23.7
|Mar mean C=26.3
|Apr mean C=28.3
|May mean C=29.8
|Jun mean C=29
|Jul mean C=27.4
|Aug mean C=27.1
|Sep mean C=27
|Oct mean C=27.8
|Nov mean C=26.6
|Dec mean C=24.6

|Jan low C=17.9
|Feb low C=18.5
|Mar low C=21.6
|Apr low C=24.2
|May low C=26.5
|Jun low C=26.1
|Jul low C=25.1
|Aug low C=24.7
|Sep low C=24.3
|Oct low C=23.6
|Nov low C=21.2
|Dec low C=18.9

|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm=0
|Feb precipitation mm=1
|Mar precipitation mm=1
|Apr precipitation mm=0
|May precipitation mm=10
|Jun precipitation mm=486
|Jul precipitation mm=870
|Aug precipitation mm=531
|Sep precipitation mm=350
|Oct precipitation mm=71
|Nov precipitation mm=6
|Dec precipitation mm=1

|source 1= ''Climate-Data.org'' (altitude: 5m)<ref>[http://en.climate-data.org/location/6281/ Climate: Vasai-Virar – en.climatedata.org]</ref>}}

===Sopara===
'''Sopara''' (by some{{who|date=October 2024}} identified with the [[Ophir]] mentioned in the [[Hebrew]] texts{{efn|1 Kings 9:28; 10:11; 22:49; 1 Chronicles 29:4; 2 Chronicles 8:18; Job 22:24; 28:16; Psalms 45:9; Isaiah 13:12}}{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}) was an ancient port town and the capital of the ancient [[Aparanta]]. The ancient port of Sopara was the most important port in western India after the celebrated port of [[Cambay]]. The site of this ancient town is located near the present-day Nala Sopara. In ancient times, it was the largest township on India's west coast,{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}} trading with [[Mesopotamia]], [[Egypt]], [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]], [[Arabia]] and [[Eastern Africa]].

The [[Mahabharata]] and the [[Purana]]s state that the {{IAST|Śūrpāraka}} was reclaimed from the sea for the dwelling place of [[Parashurama]] and it became a [[Tirtha (Hinduism)|tirtha]] for this reason.<ref>Pargiter F.E. (1922, reprint 1972) ''Ancient Indian Historical Tradition'', Motilal Banarasidass, Delhi, p.201</ref> The finding of the relics in a stupa and the rock edicts (the fragments of the 8th and 9th major rock edicts) of [[Ashoka]] in 1882<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120418140428/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-11-18/mumbai/27243463_1_edict-shah-rukh-nalla-sopara Times of India article on Sopara, 18 November 2001]</ref> prove the importance of this port town from the 3rd century BCE<ref>Thaper, R. (1997). ''{{IAST|Aśoka}} and the Decline of the Mauryas'', Oxford University Press, New Delhi, {{ISBN|0-19-564445-X}}, pp.5,236</ref> to the 9th century CE. The Pali text [[Mahavamsa]] (VI, 46,47) states that the first king of the [[Sinhalese kingdom]] (now [[Sri Lanka]]), [[Vijaya of Sri Lanka|Vijaya]] sailed from Supparaka (Sopara) to Sri Lanka.<ref>Thaper, R. (1997). ''{{IAST|Aśoka}} and the Decline of the Mauryas'', Oxford University Press, New Delhi, {{ISBN|0-19-564445-X}}, pp.82,135</ref> [[Ptolemy]] mentioned this town as Soupara, and it was a major commercial centre during his time<ref>Thaper, R. (1997). ''{{IAST|Aśoka}} and the Decline of the Mauryas'', Oxford University Press, New Delhi, {{ISBN|0-19-564445-X}}, p.236</ref> According to the Jaina writers, Shripala, a mythical king married Tilakasundari, daughter of king Mahasena of Soparaka. Jinaprabhasuri (14th century) in his ''Vividhatirthakalpa'' mentioned Soparaka as one of 84 [[Jainism|Jaina]] [[Tirtha (Jainism)|tirtha]]s (sacred places). He also mentioned an image of [[Rishabhadeva]] located in this city till his time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/Thane/places_s.html|title=Chapter 19 Places|work=Thane district Gazetteer|publisher=Government of Maharashtra|year=2006 |orig-year=1982}}</ref>

The earliest reference occurs in [[Mahabharata]] as Shuparak. The Buddhist Suppara Jataka, believed to be of the 6th century BC, talks of Sopara as a prosperous port trading with ports of Southwest Asia, Gujarat, Malabar and Sri Lanka, its experts (navigation pilots- bodhisattvas), and the seas that they voyaged across. From about the third or fourth century BC precise historic data can be pieced together.<ref>The Winds of Change, H.P.Ray, Oxford 1994, pp.27, 35, 37, 140</ref>

== Excavations at Sopara ==
[[File:Stupa Of Nalla sopara (Mumbai) 03 Panorama shot.jpg|thumb|upright=2.5|The stupa of Nala Sopara]]
[[File:Statue Of Buddha At Sopara Stupa.jpg|thumb|Statue of Buddha at Sopara Stupa.]]
In April 1882, [[Bhagvanlal Indraji]], a noted [[archaeologist]], [[numismatist]] and [[epigraphist]] excavated at the ''Burud Rajache Kot'' mound in Merdes village, near Sopara. The ruins of a Buddhist Stupa were found. From the center of the stupa (inside a brick-built chamber) a large stone coffer was excavated which contained eight bronze images of [[Maitreya]] Buddha which belong to the c. 8th-9th [[century]] CE. This coffer also enclosed relic caskets of [[copper]], [[silver]], [[Rock (geology)|stone]], [[crystal]] and [[gold]], along with numerous gold flowers and fragments of a begging bowl. A silver coin of [[Gautamiputra Satakarni]] ([[Satavahana]]) was also found from the mound. The Bombay Provincial Government presented the Sopara relics to the Asiatic Society of Bombay. The coins and the artifacts found during the excavations at the site of this ancient town can still be viewed in the [[Asiatic Society of Bombay|Asiatic Society of Mumbai]] museum.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}} In an old Muslim graveyard near Ramkund, the fragments of 8th and 9th major rock edicts of Asoka were found. These rock edicts can be viewed in the [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya]], [[Mumbai]]. The site was re-excavated by M.M.Qureshi of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] in 1939–1940, when several stone lintels and two small stupas were found on the south side of the main stupa in addition to a few sherds of plain glazed ware of the Muslim period. Anwar Munshi (1972) found a number of Satavahana lead coins at Sopara.<ref name=":0">{{Cite CiteSeerX|title = Onshore and Nearshore Explorations along the Maharashtra Coast: with a View to Locating Ancient Ports and Submerged Sites|citeseerx = 10.1.1.570.5017}}</ref> In 1956, a fragment of 11th major rock edict was found from a coastal village, [[Bhugaon|Bhuigaon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201955-56%20%20A%20Review.pdf|title=Indian Archaeology 1955-56 – A Review |editor-last=Ghosh|editor-first=A. |orig-year=1956|year=1993|publisher=Archaeological Survey of India|pages=29|access-date=2009-10-18}}</ref> During an excavation in 1993, a ring well, fragments of [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] Amphorae Red Polished Ware and Glass (all belong to the early centuries of the Common Era) were found.{{Citation needed|date=August 2025}}

The ancient habitation site lies 2 km away from the stupa which overlooks the dry creek on the south and on the east opens to [[Thane creek]]. A large quantity of [[Islamic]] Glazed Ware, Black and Red Ware were found at the site.{{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://drs.nio.res.in/drs/bitstream/handle/2264/128/Man_Environ_22_73.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |title=[PDF document] |website=National Institute of Oceanography |access-date=18 September 2025}}</ref> It seems that during the Early Historical period, Sopara was located on the mainland facing Agashi island on the north and [[Vasai|Bassein]] to the south. The backwaters between the mainland and the island were suitable for the movement and anchorage of ships. Gass and Nirmal villages were once part of the creek. A number of tanks and architectural remains are noticed in the areas adjoining these villages. All the ancient relics were found in the area between the stupa and the creek. Up to the 19th century, this creek was navigable and ships of 20 tonnes used to ply here. The significance of the architectural pieces becomes more important when the surface findings arc taken into account. The area around Bhatela Pond is a landing place or bunder, where even remains of a Portuguese jetty and customs house are seen. Exploration (1994) in the adjoining area has yielded Red Polished Ware and Glazed Ware. The evidence is further corroborated by a joint excavation in 1993 carried out by the [[Archaeological Survey of India]] and the [[British Academy]], [[Hyderabad]] where antiquities of the Early Historical period ([[Satavahana]] and [[Western Satraps|Kashatrapa]] period) – lead and copper coins, semi-precious stone beads, small fragments of Northern Black Polished Ware, amphorae pieces and Islamic Blue Glazed ware were discovered. An earthen wall and a fourteen coarse stone wall with varying sizes of stone blocks were also encountered during this excavation.<ref name=":0" />

It is clearly evident from the archaeological and literary sources that Sopara was the main entrepot dating from the pre-[[Asoka|Asokan period]] up to the 3rd century A.D. and again from 9th to 13th century A.D. There is no evidence of cultural remains from 4th to 9th century and it seems that during this period Sopara had lost its importance. The main cause for the decline of the ancient port of Sopara was due to the effect of siltation caused by a rise in sea level. Further near-shore and off-shore marine archaeological exploration and excavation would be helpful to ascertain the extent of the ancient port city.<ref name=":0" />

== Sopara Edicts of Ashoka ==
{{main|Edicts of Ashoka|Major Rock Edicts}}
[[File:Soppara Ashoka Major Rock inscription.jpg|thumb|Ashoka [[Major Rock Edicts]] at Sopara.]]
[[File:Sopara Edict Grafix.jpg|thumb|Transcription of the Edicts.]]
The following are translations of the fragments of the edicts found at Sopara by Bhagavan Lal Indraji in 1882.<ref>Prachina Bhartiya Abhilekha Samgraha-Dr.Shrirama Goyal, vol. 1 p3 Rajasthan Hindi Granth Akademi</ref> In these edicts, Ashoka refers to himself as "Devanampiya"(Beloved of The Gods) and "Piyadassi" (The handsome one).

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Nala Sopara had a population of 184,664. It is one of the well-known satellite city of [[Mumbai]]. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Nala Sopara has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 82%. In Nala Sopara, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Among minority languages, [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] is spoken by 17.82% of the population, [[Urdu]] by 12% and [[Hindi]] by 22.92%.<ref>{{cite web|title=51st Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|date=15 July 2015|access-date=15 February 2018|page=151|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216025959/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM51stReport.pdf|archive-date=16 February 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Places of importance ==
The ''Chakreshwar Mahadev Mandir'' ({{Coord|19.416982|N|72.798733|E|display=inline}}) is an ancient shrine dedicated to Lord Śiva.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chakreśvar Mahādev Mandir (Nalasopara, Thane)|url=http://teerthayaatra.wordpress.com/2012/03/18/chakresvar-mahadev-mandir-nalasopara-thane/|website=Tīrtha Yātra|access-date=26 May 2016|date=18 March 2012}}</ref> This is a relatively small [[temple]] and is noted as the holy place where Svāmi Samarth performed dhyānam, pratiṣhṭha of a Rām Mandir nearby and blessed a śiṣhya who undertook a sajīva samādhi at this very place. The temple lies at one corner of the Chakreshwar lake in Nallasopara West.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nalasopara – Buddhist Stupa & Chakreshwar Mahadev Temple – a cycling expedition|url=http://bijoor.me/2013/12/28/cycling-to-nalasopara-buddhist-stupa-chakreshwar-mahadev-temple/|website=Tok|date=28 December 2013 |access-date=26 May 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
Schools in this place include St. Aloysius High School, Nallasopara.

==Reference in literature==
A Gujarati novel-based on historical events written by [[Zaverchand Meghani]] named ''Gujaratno Jay'' mentions that parents of famous [[Jain]] laymen Vastupal and Tejpal who constructed [[Dilwara Temples]] had stayed in Sopara for some period of time after running away from home.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Gujaratno Jay|last=Meghani|first=Zaverchand|publisher=Gurjar Sahitya Bhavan|date=April 2011|isbn=978-81-8461-481-7|location=Ahmdabad|pages=21}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Indian maritime history]]
*[[Surparaka kingdom]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030416020823/http://www.geocities.com/unitedit/places/Sopara/sopara.htm Sopara]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090829225330/http://geocities.com/unitedit/places/SoparaPort/SoparaArticle.htm A Case Study of Sopara]
*[http://www.bhramanti.com/kanheri.html Kanheri Caves] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615084707/http://www.bhramanti.com/kanheri.html |date=15 June 2009 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061031153222/http://thane.nic.in/htmldocs/history.htm Ancient History of Thane]
*[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/DS416.A3/ Archaeological Survey of Western India]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060928071427/http://www.nio.org/annual_reports/1993-94.pdf Onshore explorations at Sopara and Kalyan]

{{Mumbai metropolitan area}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Palghar district]]
[[Category:Vasai-Virar]]

Second Nijalingappa ministry

2025-12-10T04:46:24Z

LavernRuss601: brief refine references based on references and added references for accuracy

{{Short description|Government of Mysore, India (1957–58)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
|cabinet_type=Council of Ministers
|cabinet_number=5th
|jurisdiction=[[Mysore State|Mysore]] State
|flag=|flag_border=true|incumbent=[[Second Siddaramaiah ministry]]
|image=File:Siddavanahalli Nijalingappa stamp (cropped).jpg
|image_size=|caption=S. Nijalingappa
|date_formed=19 April 1957<ref>{{Cite web| title=The Journal of Parliamentary Information | volume=III | number=2 | date=October 1957 | url=https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/761265/1/jpi_October_1957.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115164052/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/761265/1/jpi_October_1957.pdf | archive-date=2021-11-15}}</ref>
|date_dissolved=16 May 1958
|government_head=[[S. Nijalingappa]]
|deputy_government_head=|government_head_history=
|state_head=[[Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar]] 1 November 1956 – 4 May 1963 ''(As [[List of governors of Karnataka|Governor]] of [[Mysore State|Mysore]])''
|members_number=
|former_members_number=
|total_number=
|political_parties='''[[Indian National Congress]]'''
|legislature_status=[[Majority government|Majority]]
|opposition_cabinet=
|opposition_party=
|opposition_leader=
|election=[[1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1957]]|last_election=[[1962 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1962]] (''After [[Jatti ministry]]'')
|legislature_term=6 years ([[Mysore Legislative Council|Council]]) 5 years ([[Mysore Legislative Assembly|Assembly]])
|budget=|advice_and_consent1=|advice_and_consent2=|incoming_formation=|outgoing_formation=
|previous=[[First Nijalingappa ministry]]
|successor=[[Jatti ministry]]
}}

'''Second S. Nijalingappa Ministry''' was the Council of Ministers in Mysore, a state in [[South India]] headed by [[S. Nijalingappa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=येदियुरप्पा मंत्रिमंडल में 17 विधायक शामिल, एक पूर्व सीएम और दो पूर्व डिप्टी सीएम बने मंत्री|url=https://www.amarujala.com/india-news/karnataka-cm-bs-yediyurappa-proposes-names-of-17-mlas-to-governor-for-induction-as-cabinet-ministers|website=Amar Ujala|language=hi}}</ref> of the [[Indian National Congress]].

The ministry had multiple ministers including the [[Chief Minister of Mysore]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karnataka BJP cabinet expansion Updates: Governor Vajubhai Vala administers oath to 17 MLAs as ministers|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/karnataka-bjp-cabinet-expansion-live-updates-bs-yediyurappa-to-add-17-new-ministers-oath-taking-today-rebel-congress-mlas-governor-vajubhai-vala-7190121.html|website=Firstpost|date=20 August 2019 }}</ref> All ministers belonged to the [[Indian National Congress]].

[[S. Nijalingappa]] became Chief minister of Mysore after [[Indian National Congress]] emerged victorious [[1957 Mysore Legislative Assembly election|1957 Mysore elections]].<ref name="stat2">{{cite news|date=11 October 2007|title=S.R. Bommai passes away|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011220918/http://hindu.com/2007/10/11/stories/2007101155711200.htm|archive-date=11 October 2007}}</ref>

== Chief Minister & Cabinet Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Portfolio
!Name
!Portrait
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Term of Office
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
|1
|[[Chief Minister of Mysore|Chief Minister]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Sam Rajappa |date=November 26, 2013 |title=Census work in Belgaum threatened by language controversy|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19810315-census-work-in-belgaum-threatened-by-language-controversy-772735-2013-11-26|access-date=2021-11-06|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
'''*Other departments not allocated to any Minister.'''
|'''[[S. Nijalingappa]]''' <ref name="stat10">{{cite web|title=Language issue in Karnataka explodes into a violent agitation|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19820515-language-issue-in-karnataka-explodes-into-a-violent-agitation-771772-2013-10-16|publisher=indiatoday}}</ref>
|[[File:Siddavanahalli_Nijalingappa_2003_stamp_of_India.jpg|132x132px]]
|[[Molakalmuru (Karnataka Assembly constituency)|Molakalmuru]]<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Anita Pratap |date=November 21, 2013 |title=Problems for Karnataka CM Ramakrishna Hegde after five years in power|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880131-problems-for-karnataka-cm-ramakrishna-hegde-after-five-years-in-power-769003-2013-11-21|access-date=2021-11-06|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|19 April 1957
|16 May 1958
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|2
|
*Finance
|'''[[T. Mariappa]]'''
|[[File:T Mariappa.jpg|132x132px]]
|[[Nagamangala (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Nagamangala]]
|19 April 1957
|16 May 1958
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|-
|3
|
*Sericulture
|'''[[T. Mariappa]]'''
|[[File:T Mariappa.jpg|132x132px]]
|[[Nagamangala (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Nagamangala]]
|19 April 1957
|16 May 1958
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|}

== Minister of State / Deputy Ministers ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!S.No
!Portfolio
!Name
!Portrait
!Constituency
! colspan="2" |Term of Office
! colspan="2" scope="col" |Party
|-
|1
|
*Home
*Industries
|'''[[Veerendra Patil]]'''
|
|[[Chincholi (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Chincholi]]
|19 April 1957
|16 May 1958
|[[Indian National Congress]]
| width="4px" style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|- style="text-align:center"
|}

== See also ==
* [[Mysore Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Mysore Legislative Council]]
* [[Politics of Mysore]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Karnataka Cabinets}}

[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1957|N]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Mysore State]]
[[Category:Karnataka ministries|Nijalingappa]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress state ministries of Karnataka|Nijalingappa II]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1958|N]]

Dirghatamas

2025-11-01T11:58:48Z

LavernRuss601: Expanded content with additional details

{{More citations needed|date=November 2023}}{{Short description|Hindu sage}}
{{Infobox character
| name = Dirghatamas
| family = [[Utathya]] (Father), Mamata (Mother), Brihaspati (uncle), [[Angiras (sage)|Angiras]] (Grandfather)
| spouse = Pradveshi
| children = Gautama and others (Pradveshi), Kakshivan and eleven sons (Shudra servant woman) and Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Pundra, Cumbha (Sudeshna), Odra
}}

'''Dirghatamas''' ({{Langx|sa|दीर्घतमस्|translit=Dīrghatamas}}) was an ancient Indian [[Rishi|sage]] well known for his philosophical verses in the [[Rgveda|Rigveda]]. He was the author of [[Sukta]]s (hymns) 140 to 164 in the [[Mandala 1|first mandala]] (section) of the [[Rgveda|Rigveda]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi|title=The Culture and Civilisation of Ancient India in Historical Outline|date=1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40V_EAAAQBAJ|page=77|publisher=S. Chand |isbn=978-0-7069-8613-6 }}</ref>

==Background==
Dirghatamas was one of the Angirasa rishis, the oldest of the [[rishi]] families, and regarded as brother to the rishi [[Bharadvaja]], who is the seer of the sixth Mandala of the Rigveda. Dirghatamas is also the chief predecessor of the Gotama family of rishis that includes Kakshivan, [[Gautama Maharishi]], Nodhas and Vamadeva (seer of the fourth Mandala of the Rigveda), who along with Dirghatamas account for almost 150 of the 1000 hymns of the Rigveda. Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Pundra and Suhma, Ondra were also the sons of Dirghatamas through Bali’s wife Sudhesana. His own verses occur frequently in many Vedic texts, a few even in the [[Upanishads]].

He was the reputed [[purohit|purohita]] or chief priest of King [[Bharata (Mahabharata)|Bharata]] (Aitareya [[Brahmana]] VIII.23), one of the earliest kings of the land, after whom India was named as Bharata (the traditional name of the country).

==Legend==

=== Background and birth ===
Dīrghatama was son of Raṣṭra.

[[Bhishma]] tells the narrative of the birth of Dirghatama in the [[Mahabharata]] (Book 1, Adi Parva, CIV):<ref>{{Cite book |last=Unbekannt |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uy2vEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT336 |title=The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa I |date=2016-08-18 |publisher=anboco |isbn=978-3-7364-1054-1 |pages=336 |language=en}}</ref>

<blockquote>There was in olden days a wise [[rishi]] of the name of Uchathya. He had a wife of the name Mamata whom he dearly loved. One day Uchathya's younger brother [[Brihaspati]], the priest of the celestials, endued with great energy, approached Mamata. The latter, however, told her husband's younger brother—that foremost of eloquent men—that she had conceived from her connection with his elder brother and that, therefore, he should not then seek for the consummation of his wishes. She continued, 'O illustrious Brihaspati, the child that I have conceived has studied in his mother's womb the Vedas with the six Angas, Seed is not lost in vain. How can then this womb of mine afford room for two children at a time? Therefore, it behoveth thee not to seek for the consummation of thy desire at such a time. Thus addressed by her, Brihaspati, though possessed of great wisdom, could not suppress his desire. The child in the womb protested, 'There is no space here for two. O illustrious one, the room is small. I have occupied it first. It behoveth thee not to afflict me.' But Brihaspati without listening to what that child in the womb said, sought the embraces of Mamata possessing the most beautiful pair of eyes. And the illustrious Brihaspati, beholding this, became indignant, and reproached Uchthya child and cursed him, saying, 'Because thou hast spoken to me in the way thou hast at a time of pleasure that is sought after by all creatures, perpetual darkness shall overtake thee.' And from this curse of the illustrious Brihaspati, Uchathya's child who was equal unto Brihaspati in energy, was born blind and came to be called Dirghatamas (enveloped in perpetual darkness).And the wise Dirghatamas, possessed of a knowledge of the Vedas, though born blind, succeeded yet by virtue of his learning, in obtaining for a wife a young and handsome Brahmana maiden of the name of Pradveshi. And having married her, the illustrious Dirghatamas, for the expansion of Uchathya race, begat upon her several children with [[Gautama Maharishi|Gautama Dirghatamas]] as their eldest.</blockquote>

=== Marriage and children ===
Dirghatamas was troubled by a bad marriage, unvirtuous sons, and, ultimately, abandonment by other sages and the community.

His children grew up to be covetous and they brought a bad name upon themselves and their father. Ultimately, the sages and students of Dirghatamas abandoned him, for having raised bad men.

Dirgatamas, dejected and utterly alone, sought consolation from his wife, Pradveshi.

He asked her whether she was also upset with him.

She said she was. She said he was not a real husband, neither a protector (''Pati'') nor a supporter (''Bhartri''), and she had had to raise the children all alone.

The hurt sage angrily proclaimed in reply that a woman should only marry once in life, regardless of whether her husband is alive or dead.

Enraged, Pradveshi asked her sons to throw their father into the [[Ganga]] River. So Gautama and his brother tied Dirghatamas to a raft and threw him into the water.

King Bali happened to be performing ritual ablutions in the holy river at the time, and saw the sage and rescued him.

His life now saved, the sage asked King Bali what he could do in return.

The king asked Dirghatamas to engage in [[niyoga]] so that Queen Sudeshna might be able to have children. Dirghatamas assented.

The Queen sent the blind sage a woman of low birth instead, however, and with that woman Dirghatamas sired Kakshivan and ten more sons.

Later, Dirghatamas came to learn that he had been deceived, but Bali ultimately prevailed upon Queen Sudeshna to sire by the sage six sons, bequeathing them their namesake kingdoms of Anga, Vanga, Kalinga, Pundra, Cumbha, and Odra.

==Significance==

=== Asya Vamasya Hymn ===
Dirghatamas is famous for his paradoxical apothegms.<ref>Gupta, Nolini Kanta. "Seer Poets", p.8</ref> His mantras are enigmas: "He who knows the father below by what is above, and he who knows the father who is above by what is below is called the poet."

The Asya Vamasya (Rigveda 1.164) is one of the sage's most famous poems. Early scholars (such as Deussen in his Philosophy of the [[Upanisads|Upanishads]]) tried to say that the poems of Dirghatamas were of a later nature because of their content, but this has no linguistic support which has been argued by modern Sanskrit scholars (such as Dr. C. Kunhan Raja in his translation of the Asya Vamasya Hymn). The reason that earlier Western scholars believed them to be of a later origin is due to the monist views found there. They believed that early Vedic religion was pantheistic and a monist view of god evolved later in the Upanishads—but the poems of Dirghatamas (1.164.46) which say "there is One Being (Ekam Sat) which is called by many names" proves this idea incorrect.

=== Earliest mention of the Zodiac ===
Some scholars have claimed that the Babylonians invented the zodiac of 360 degrees around 700 BCE, perhaps even earlier, as old as the Rigveda, the oldest Vedic text, there are clear references to a chakra or wheel of 360 spokes placed in the sky. The number 360 and its related numbers like 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 108, 432 and 720 occur commonly in Vedic symbolism. It is in the hymns of the rishi Dirghatamas (RV I.140–164) that we have the clearest such references.

== See also ==
* [[List of Indian philosophers]]
* [[Rigveda]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
* Gupta, Nolini Kanta. "Seer Poets". Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry, 1970.
* {{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Willard |title=On the ṚG Vedic Riddle of the Two Birds in the Fig Tree (RV 1.164.20-22), and the Discovery of the Vedic Speculative Symposium |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=1976 |volume=96 |issue=2 |pages=248–258 |doi=10.2307/599827 |jstor=599827 }}
* [[Mahābhārata]], Book1, Adi Parva, CIV.
* R̥g-Veda, Sūktas 140 to 164.
* Raja, Dr. C. Kunhan. Asya Vāmasya Hymn, (printed 1956).
* Singh, Prof. Satya Prakash. Life and Vision of the Vedic Seers 2: Dirghatamas. Standard Publishers, New Delhi, 2006.
* Fórizs, László. [https://www.academia.edu/40519403/D%C4%ABrghatamas Dirghatamas] In Keréknyomok/Wheeltracks 2019/13: 148-181.
* [https://www.academia.edu/4277610/Ap%C4%81%E1%B9%81_Nap%C4%81t_D%C4%ABrghatamas_and_Construction_of_the_Brick_Altar._Analysis_of_RV_1.143 Apāṁ Napāt, Dirghatamas and Construction of the Brick Altar. Analysis of RV 1.143] In Vedic Investigations, edited by Asko Parpola, Masato Fujii and [[Stanley Insler]], Volume 1, Papers of the 12th World Sanskrit Conference, Motilal Banarsidass, 2016, pp. 97–126, in the [https://tkbf.academia.edu/LaszloForizs homepage of Laszlo Forizs].
{{Rishis of Hindu mythology}}

[[Category:Rishis]]

Madhya Pradesh Power Generation Company Limited

2025-09-29T12:09:02Z

LavernRuss601: brief expanded content as per guidelines and improved wording

{{short description|Indian government electricity company}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Madhya Pradesh Power Generating Company Limited
| logo =
| type = [[Government-owned corporation|Government-owned Corporation]]-[[Public Sector Undertaking|PSU]]
| industry = [[Electricity generation]]
| key_people = Shri Sanjay Dubey (chairman) Shri Manjeet Singh (managing director)
| services = [[Electricity Generation]]
| area_served = State of [[Madhya Pradesh]], India
| foundation = The Company was incorporated on 22.11.2001 & started functioning independently from 01-06-2005
| location = [[Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh]], India
| owner = {{nowrap|[[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] (100%)}}
| num_employees = 4878
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/}}
}}

'''M.P. Power Generating Company Limited''' ('''MPPGCL''') is the [[electricity]] generation company of the [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]] state in [[India]].

== Generation capacity ==
The installed capacity of MPPGCL as on 01.01.2019 is 6315 MW out of which madhya pradesh share is about 6312.50 MW.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=M.P.Power Generating Company Limited|url=http://www.mppgcl.mp.gov.in/mppgenco-introduction.html|last=|first=|date=|website=|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100609195606/http://mppgenco.nic.in/mpgenco-install-detail.htm|archivedate=2010-06-09|accessdate=2010-08-28}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="6" | '''PLF (%) Last 10 Years'''
|-
|Years
|ATPS
|STPS
|SGTPS
|SSTPP
|Overall
|-
|2009-10
|45.89%
|64.57%
|65.99%
|N.A.
|62.86%
|-
|2010-11
|48.66%
|60.51%
|65.78%
|N.A.
|61.10%
|-
|2011-12
|54.66%
|53.68%
|70.20%
|N.A.
|61.38%
|-
|2012-13
|71.66%
|55.26%
|73.52%
|N.A.
|66.24%
|-
|2013-14
|74.3%
|48.0%
|67.8%
|N.A.
|60.0%
|-
|2014-15
|53.3%
|52.9%
|58.1%
|26.23%
|49.6%
|-
|2015-16
|96.8%
|47.2%
|59.9%
|40.4%
|51.2%
|-
|2016-17
|80.51%
|31.28%
|58.53%
|23.54%
|40.49%
|-
|2017-18
|93.94%
|43.09%
|64.26%
|35.90%
|50.55%
|-
|2018-19
|88.9%
|64.1%
|74.0%
|61.1%
|67.3%
|}

== Power stations ==

=== Thermal power stations coal based ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sr.No !! Project !! Capacity (in M.W.) !! Unit [[Megawatt|MW]] !! Status !! EPC Contractor (TG set and Boiler make)
|-
| 1 || [[Satpura Thermal Power Station]] || 1330 || 1×200 MW, 3x210 MW, 2x250 MW ||All Unit Functional, however 200MW and 210 MW to be decommissioned soon ,1x660 MW under surveying || [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited|BHEL]]
|-
| 2 || [[Amarkantak Thermal Power Station]] ||210|| 1×210 MW ||All Unit Functional ,1x660 MW under surveying || BHEL
|-
| 3 || [[Sanjay Gandhi Thermal Power Station]] || 1340 || 4×210 MW,1×500 MW || All Unit Functional || BHEL (though ABL make boiler in 210MW units)
|-
| 4 || [[Shree Singaji Thermal Power Station]] || 2520 || 2x600 MW, 2×660 MW (super critical) || All Unit Functional.|| BHEL -600MW, [[L&T-MHPS]]-660MW

|-
|}
Total installed thermal capacity 5400 MW.

=== Hydel power stations ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Sr.No !! Power Station !! Installed Capacity !! M.P.Share!!Location / River
|-
| 1 || Gandhi Sagar (5x23 MW) || 115 || 57.5||Distt. Mandsour / Chambal River
|-
| 2 || Pench, Totladoh (2x80 MW) || 160|| 107||Distt. Nagpur / Pench River
|-
| 3 || Rani Awanti Bai Bargi (2x45 MW)|| 90 || 90||Bargi, Distt. Jabalpur / Narmada River
|-
| 4 ||Rajghat (3x15 MW) || 45 || 22.5||Rajghat, Distt. Ashoknagar / Betwar River
|-
| 5 || Birsinghpur (1x20 MW) ||20 || 20||Birsingpur, Distt. Umariya / Johila River
|-
| 6 ||Ban Sagar I Tons (3x105 MW) ||315|| 315||Sirmour, Distt. Rewa Beehar River
|-
| 7 ||Ban Sagar II Silpara (2x15 MW) || 30 || 30||Silpara, Distt. Rewa / Cana
|-
| 8 || Bansagar -III Deolond (3x20 MW)|| 60 || 60||Deolond, Distt. Shahdol / Sone River
|-
| 9 || Bansagar -IV Jhinna (2x10 MW)||20 || 20||Jhinna, Distt. Satna / Jhinna Dyke
|-
| 10 || Madhikheda (3x20 MW) || 60 || 60||Madhikheda, Distt. Shivpuri / Kalisindh River
|-
| || Total|| 1186 || 917.5
|}
Two proposed Hydel unit at Chhindwara (2x45MW) and Murena (270 MW)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Power Plants of Madhya Pradesh}}

[[Category:Electric-generation companies of India]]
[[Category:State electricity agencies of India]]
[[Category:State agencies of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Energy in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:2001 establishments in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 2001]]

McWilliam Higher Secondary School

2025-09-16T02:50:57Z

LavernRuss601: data...

{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}

{{Use Indian English|date=May 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox school
| name = McWilliam Higher Secondary School
| image = McWilliam School Ground Northside.jpg
| location = [[Alipurduar]], [[India]]
| type = [[State School]]
| established = {{start date and age|1937}}
| founder = [[P.N. McWilliam]]
| staff = 78
| enrolment = 2380
| campus_type = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| colours = White {{color box|white}} and Blue {{color box|blue}}
| affiliation = [[WBBSE]] [[WBCHSE]]
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]]
}}

'''McWilliam Higher Secondary School''' is a state government school in [[Alipurduar]], the central town of [[Dooars]], in the [[India]]n state of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Statesman News|date=2018-01-17|title=SJDA to work outside Siliguri, J'guri areas|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/cities/sjda-work-outside-siliguri-jguri-areas-1502565932.html|access-date=2020-07-18|website=The Statesman|language=en-US}}</ref> It is one of the oldest schools in Alipurduar. It was founded in 1937, during [[British Raj]], as an upper primary school. Presently, there are more than two thousand students enrolled in this school from class one to class twelve with seventy eight teachers and a management body consisting students' guardians and teachers. There are two adjacent high school buildings and a primary school building situated in same campus. Also there is another junior school building in other part of the town, near [[Alipurduar College]]. This was established in 1955. McWilliam provides a [[liberal education]] and the medium of instruction is [[Bengali language|Bengali]] and [[English language|English]]. This school cater for pupils from the ages of five to eighteen and it is affiliated to [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]] and [[West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mc William High School - Alipurduar Municipality, Alipurduar - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory|url=https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/mc-william-high-school-alipurduar-municipality-alipurduar-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=EduGorilla Listings|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mc William Jr High School - Alipurduar Municipality, Alipurduar - Reviews, Fee Structure, Admission Form, Address, Contact, Rating - Directory|url=https://directory.edugorilla.com/school/mc-william-jr-high-school-alipurduar-municipality-alipurduar-fee-structure-syllabus-address-admission-form-contact-number/|access-date=2020-07-18|website=EduGorilla Listings|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Peter Neish McWilliam ==
[[File:Statue of Peter Neish McWilliam.jpg|alt=A white statue of P.N. McWilliam at McWilliam School campus. Portion of school building is visible in background.|thumb|Statue of P.N. McWilliam at McWilliam H.S. School.]]
McWilliam Upper Primary School was founded by Peter Neish McWilliam (1906–1999), who was an officer in [[Indian Civil Service]] and son of [[Peter McWilliam]] (a British professional football player and manager).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Peter McWilliam - Postscript|url=https://www.scotsfootballworldwide.scot/peter-mcwilliam---postscript|access-date=2020-07-22|website=www.scotsfootballworldwide.scot}}</ref> He joined service on 26 November 1930, as Asstt. Magte. and Collr. in [[Jalpaiguri]]. After two years serving there and one year in [[Dacca]], he was transferred to Alipurduar as Sub-Divisional Officer.<ref>{{Cite book|last=General|first=Bengal (India) Office of the Accountant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5LGsAAAAMAAJ&q=peter+mcwilliam+india++civil+service+1930&pg=PA101|title=History of Services of Gazetted and Other Officers: Corrected Up to 1st July 1935|date=1935|publisher=Superintendent, Government Print., Bengal Government Press|language=en}}</ref>

McWilliam was transferred from Alipurduar, few years after establishing the school. He continued his contribution towards the school and the town through various initiatives of fund arrangements and regular letters to the headmaster. His family created McWilliam Memorial Fund after his death. In 2001 it donated five hundred pounds to the headmaster of the school.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=roma+500+McWilliam+memorial+fund|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref>

== Early years ==
To build a proper school for children in Alipurduar, McWilliam and his wife began raising money in 1936. After receiving donations from local families and friends, they had enough money to start in 1937 with fifty students between the age of six and ten.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=statesman+1998|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref> Few years later this upper primary school was upgraded to junior high with Muhammad Rahim as its headmaster.
[[File:Statue of Neelkanta Mukherjee.jpg|alt=Statue of Nilkanta Mukherjee in front of school building. The sign board of McWilliam HS School visible in the background.|thumb|Statue of Nilkanta Mukherjee at school campus.]]
Nilkanta Mukherjee, an eminent educationist of [[North Bengal]], took initiative to further upgrade this school into McWilliam Higher Secondary School in 1944.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=McWilliam+School|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref> He also became headmaster of the school and served till 1969. He donated a major portion of land, owned by McWilliam School, to build [[Alipurduar College]].<ref name=":0" />

In 1993 a devastating flood damaged the school. P.N McWilliam persuaded the Bristol Commonwealth Society to donate funds to the school. In 1998, the society designated the school as its charitable cause for that year.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=john+parsloe|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref>

== Curriculum ==
The academic curriculum includes Mathematics, both the Bengali language and literature, History, Geography, Science, Hindi and Sanskrit (Hindi in class V and VI. Sanskrit in class VII and VIII), English and Physical Education (up to class X).

Class X students are prepared for the [[Madhyamik Pariksha]] and [[WBCHSE]] higher secondary exam when they are in class XII. The three streams in higher secondary, i.e. class XI and XII, are Humanities, Science and Commerce.

== Badge ==
[[File:Badge of McWilliam HS School.jpg|alt=Badge of McWilliam HS School. School name, establishment year and address written in Bengali. The logo consists of the view of a sunrise over the sea and sailor rowing his small boat.|thumb|Badge of McWilliam HS School]]
The badge of McWilliam HS School consists of its name, address and establishment year written on it. The logo pictured as boatman rows his boat on a calm sea and a view of sunrise in the background. The logo symbolizes hope and struggle of a student in the ocean of knowledge that is school.

== Facilities ==
School has an old three storey building renovated and a new four storey building constructed in the year 2010. Two buildings are adjacent and floors connected. There are four conventional labs for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geography. A computer lab consisting around twenty basic PCs is also available in the institution. Basic sports amenities are available for students, including 2000 sq meter school ground.

== Extra curricular activities ==

=== Physical training ===
Theres a boys' scout team affiliated to [[The Bharat Scouts and Guides]]. These scouts perform every year on [[Republic Day (India)|republic day]] celebrations in town. They have won several awards in different occasions.

=== Games and sports ===
Games include athletics, cricket, football, volleyball, badminton. The school sports teams participate in various town and district level tournaments. There are annual sports events every year where school students participate.

== History of sports ==
P.N. McWilliam played instrumental role in developing sports in the school. He believed that sports is a significant part of school life. He brought imperial sports ethic in this town through the school. over the years, school sports teams have built up a name of its own in the local sports scene. McWilliam was a patron of Alipurduar Town Club. He also played football for this club. He established fixtures with teams from neighboring towns and tea estates. Author [[Boria Majumdar]] in his book "Sport in South Asian Society" wrote, P.N. McWilliam said, most pleasing games were those where McWilliam's team achieved victory over Coochbehar's teams, which were organized by the [[Maharaja of Cooch Behar]] with top players from [[Calcutta]] playing for them sometimes.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=Maharaja+coochbehar+top+players|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref> There is a famous story of McWilliam, delayed before a match against Coochbehar, ran from railway trolley straight to the ground and scored a goal after playing for one minute.

== Alumni ==
Many meritorious students of this institution are scholars of foreign universities and institutes of national importance in India.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Majumdar|first1=Boria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sWfdAAAAQBAJ&q=scholars+renown&pg=PA84|title=Sport in South Asian Society: Past and Present|last2=Mangan|first2=J. A.|date=2013-09-13|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-99894-5|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IIT Delhi Alumni who also went to Mc William Higher Secondary School|url=https://iitd.almaconnect.com/|access-date=2020-07-24|website=iitd.almaconnect.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

==Notable alumni==

* Writer and social worker Anjan Roy is one of them who studied in [[Washington University in St. Louis]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNBhAHhl2LUC&q=%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95+%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE+%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0&pg=PP15|title=Americar bangla Galpo|publisher=Academic Publishers|language=bn}}</ref>
* Sourit Bhattacharya, Lecturer in Global Anglophone Literature Studies at [[University of Edinburgh]], Scotland.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}
*Subhajit Singha, editor of films such as [[Cinemawala]], [[Bishorjan]], [[Nirontor (2020)]] etc.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021|reason=Needs citation of proper value such mentions the name of this school.}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.facebook.com/McWilliamHighSchool/ Official Facebook page of the school.]

{{Coord|26|29|47.17|N|89|31|35.26|E|display=title}}

[[Category:High schools and secondary schools in West Bengal]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1937]]
[[Category:Schools in Alipurduar district]]
[[Category:1937 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Schools in Colonial India]]

Elections in Telangana

2025-09-01T23:15:21Z

LavernRuss601: Updated formatting and sections

{{Short description|Overview of the procedure of elections in the Indian state of Telangana}}
{{Politics of Telangana}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
[[Telangana]] has a [[parliamentary system]] as defined by its [[Constitution of India|constitution]], with power distributed between the [[Government of Telangana|state government]] and the [[List of districts of Telangana|districts]].

The [[Governor of Telangana]] is the ceremonial head of the state. However, it is the [[Chief Minister of Telangana]] who is the leader of the party or political alliance having a majority in the state elections to the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]. The chief minister is the leader of the executive branch of the government of Telangana. The chief minister is the chief adviser to the governor of Telangana and the head of the state council of ministers.

Elections in Telangana are conducted every five years to elect [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] to the Telangana Legislative Assembly and [[Member of Parliament (India)|members of parliament]] to the [[Lok Sabha]]. There are [[List of constituencies of Telangana Legislative Assembly|119 assembly constituencies]] and [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Telangana (17)|17 Lok Sabha constituencies]]. The state has conducted 3 assembly elections and 2 Lok Sabha elections since independence.

==Elections==
The [[Telangana State Election Commission]] is the federal body of Telangana that is enacted under the provisions of the Constitution and is responsible for monitoring and administering all the electoral processes in Telangana. This body is responsible for ensuring elections are free and fair, without any bias.

Elections ensure the conduct of members pre-elections, during elections, and post-elections is as per statutory legislation.

All election-related disputes are handled by the Election Commission. The [[Telangana High Court]] has held that where the enacted laws are silent or make insufficient provisions to deal with a given situation in the conduct of elections, the Election Commission has the residuary powers under the Constitution to act as appropriate.

==Types of elections==
Elections in Telangana include elections for:
*[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Members of Parliament]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (Upper House)
*[[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Members of Parliament]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] (Lower House)
*[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members]] of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]
*Members of [[List of urban local bodies in Telangana|local governance bodies]] ([[List of municipal corporations in Telangana|municipal bodies]] and [[Panchayati raj|panchayats]])
*A by-election is held when the seat-holder of a particular constituency dies, resigns, or is disqualified.

==Rajya Sabha elections==
[[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of parliament]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] (House of the State) from [[Telangana]] are not directly elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of the state but by the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]]. Candidates who win the Rajya Sabha elections are called "[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|Members of Parliament]]" and hold their seats for six years. The house meets in the Rajya Sabha Chamber of the [[New Parliament House, New Delhi|Sansad Bhavan]] in [[New Delhi]] on matters relating to the creation of new laws or removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of India. Elections take place to elect 7 members from Telangana.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/rajya-sabha-election-2017-here-is-how-members-are-elected-to-upper-house-1734558|title=Rajya Sabha Election 2017: Here Is How Members Are Elected To Upper House|website=NDTV.com|access-date=5 April 2021}}</ref>

==Lok Sabha elections==
{{Main|Lok Sabha}}
[[File:Telangana Wahlkreise Lok Sabha.svg|thumb|right|Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana]]
Telangana has 17 [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]], with 3 reserved for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes (SC)]] and 2 for [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes (ST)]], where electors participate in direct elections to choose their preferred candidates for the position of [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament (MP)]]. The state has witnessed a total of two elections till date.

=== By Party ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Lok Sabha
! Election Year
! colspan="2"|1st Party
! colspan="2"|2nd Party
! colspan="2"|3rd Party
! colspan="2"|4th Party
! Others
! Total Seats
|-
|[[16th Lok Sabha|16th]]
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|{{party color cell|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|'''[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] 11'''
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 2
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] 1
|{{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]] 1
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] 1 [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]] 1
|17
|-
|[[17th Lok Sabha|17th]]
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|{{party color cell|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|'''[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]] 9'''
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] 4
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 3
|{{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] 1
|N/A
|17
|-
|-
|[[18th Lok Sabha|18th]]
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|'''[[Indian National Congress|INC]] 8'''
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] 8
|{{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen|AIMIM]] 1
|colspan="3"|N/A
|17
|-
|}

=== By Constituency ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | No.
! rowspan="2" | Constituency
! rowspan="2" | Reserved for SC/ST/None
! colspan="3" | 2014 elections<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/2014-election-results.html | title=16th Lok Sabha Election results | publisher=Election Commission of India | accessdate=19 June 2019}}</ref>
! colspan="3" | 2019 elections<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.in/telangana-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-trs-vs-congress-vs-tdp-vs-bjp/articleshow/69445813.cms | title=Telangana Lok Sabha Election Result 2019: TRS wins the state with 9 seats | publisher=Business Insider | date=24 May 2019 | accessdate=12 June 2019 | archive-date=30 November 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130180931/https://www.businessinsider.in/telangana-lok-sabha-election-result-2019-trs-vs-congress-vs-tdp-vs-bjp/articleshow/69445813.cms | url-status=dead }}</ref>
! colspan="3" | 2024 elections
|-
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" | Party
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
! 1
| [[Adilabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Adilabad]]
| ST
| [[G. Nagesh]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Soyam Bapu Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Godam Nagesh]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 2
| [[Peddapalli (Lok Sabha constituency)|Peddapalli]]
| SC
| [[Balka Suman]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Venkatesh Netha Borlakunta|V. N. Borlakunta]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|[[Vamsi Krishna Gaddam]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 3
| [[Karimnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Karimnagar]]
| None
| [[B. Vinod Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 4
| [[Nizamabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nizamabad]]
| None
| [[K. Kavitha]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Dharmapuri Arvind]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[Dharmapuri Arvind]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 5
| [[Zahirabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Zahirabad]]
| None
| [[B. B. Patil]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[B. B. Patil]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Suresh Shetkar]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 6
| [[Medak (Lok Sabha constituency)|Medak]]
| None
| [[Kotha Prabhakar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Kotha Prabhakar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Raghunandan Rao]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 7
| [[Malkajgiri (Lok Sabha constituency)|Malkajgiri]]
| None
| [[Malla Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
| [[Revanth Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Etela Rajender]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 8
| [[Secunderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Secunderabad]]
| None
| [[Bandaru Dattatreya]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| [[G. Kishan Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 9
| [[Hyderabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Hyderabad]]
| None
| [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| {{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| {{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
| [[Asaduddin Owaisi]]
| {{Party name with color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|-
! 10
| [[Chevella (Lok Sabha constituency)|Chevella]]
| None
| [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[G. Ranjith Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Konda Vishweshwar Reddy]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 11
| [[Mahabubnagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahbubnagar]]
| None
| [[A. P. Jithender Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Manne Srinivas Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[D. K. Aruna]]
| {{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
! 12
| [[Nagarkurnool (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagarkurnool]]
| SC
| [[Nandi Yellaiah]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Pothuganti Ramulu]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Mallu Ravi]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 13
| [[Nalgonda (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nalgonda]]
| None
| [[Gutha Sukender Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[N. Uttam Kumar Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Kunduru Raghuveer|Raghuveer Reddy Kunduru]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 14
| [[Bhongir (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhongir]]
| None
| [[Boora Narsaiah Goud]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Komatireddy Venkat Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
| [[Chamala Kiran Kumar Reddy]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 15
| [[Warangal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Warangal]]
| SC
| [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Pasunuri Dayakar]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Kadiyam Kavya]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 16
| [[Mahabubabad (Lok Sabha constituency)|Mahabubabad]]
| ST
| [[Sitaram Naik]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Kavitha Maloth]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Balram Naik]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! 17
| [[Khammam (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khammam]]
| None
| [[Ponguleti Srinivas Reddy]]
| {{Party name with color|YSR Congress Party}}
| [[Nama Nageswara Rao]]
| {{Party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
| [[Ramasahayam Raghuram Reddy]]
| {{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=100
| xAxisTitle=Parties
| yAxisTitle=Constituencies
| legend=Legend
| type=rect
| x=AIMIM, BJP, INC, TRS, TDP, YSRCP
| y1Title= 2014 elections
| y2Title= 2019 elections
| y1=1,1,2,11,1,1
| y2=1,4,3,9,0,0
| colors=#800000aa,#80ff8000
| showValues=yes
}}

== Legislative Council elections ==
[[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|Members]] of the [[Telangana Legislative Council]] (Upper House of the [[Telangana Legislature]]) are not directly elected. Elections take place to elect 40 members, of whom 14 were elected by [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|members]] of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]], 14 were elected by the local authorities of the state, 6 were nominated by the [[Governor of Telangana|governor]], 3 were elected by teachers of the state, and 3 were elected by graduates of the state. Candidates who win the Telangana Legislative Council elections are called "Members of the Legislative Council" and hold their seats for six years. The house meets in the Council Chamber of the [[Telangana Secretariat|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Telangana State Secretariat]] in [[Hyderabad]] on matters relating to the creation of new laws or removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of Telangana.

==Legislative Assembly elections==
[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Members]] of the [[Telangana Legislative Assembly]] (Lower House of the [[Telangana Legislature]]) are directly elected by being voted upon by all adult citizens of the state from a set of candidates who stand in their respective constituencies. Every adult citizen of [[Telangana]] can vote only in their constituency. Candidates who win the legislative assembly elections are called "Members of the Legislative Assembly" and hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the [[governor of Telangana]] on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Assembly Chamber of the [[Telangana Secretariat|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Telangana State Secretariat]] in [[Hyderabad]] on matters relating to the creation of new laws or removing or improving the existing laws that affect all citizens of Telangana. Elections take place once every five years to elect 119 members to the legislative assembly. The leader of the majority party or alliance takes the oath as [[chief minister of Telangana]].

{|class="wikitable"
|-
{{Scrolling table/mid}}
|+style="text-align:left;"|Legislative Assembly election results
|[[File:2014 Telangana election.svg|center|thumb|200px|1st Assembly ([[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]])]]
|[[File:2018 Telangana assembly election.png|center|thumb|192px|2nd Assembly ([[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]])]]
|[[File:2023 Telangana assembly election result.svg|center|thumb|230px|3rd Assembly ([[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]])]]
{{Scrolling table/end}}

===History of Legislative Assembly elections===
{|class="toccolours" style="width:75em"
!Colour key for parties
|-
|{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
{{legend|{{party color|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|[[Indian National Congress]]|outline=#000000}}
{{legend|{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}|[[Telugu Desam Party]]|outline=#000000}}
{{div col end}}
|}

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan=14|[[Telangana Legislative Assembly|LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY]] ELECTIONS
|-
!rowspan=2|Assembly {{small|(Election)}}
!rowspan=2|Total Seats
!colspan=4|First
!colspan=4|Second
!colspan=4|Third
|-
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
!colspan=2|Political party
!Seats
!Percentage of votes
|-
|[[1st Telangana Assembly|1st]] {{small|([[2014 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2014]])}}
|119
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|63
|34.31%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan=2 {{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|21
|25.27%
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|{{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|15
|14.73%
|-
|[[2nd Telangana Assembly|2nd]] {{small|([[2018 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2018]])}}
|119
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|88
|46.87%
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|19
|28.43%
|[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]
|{{party color cell|All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen}}
|7
|2.71%
|-
|[[3rd Telangana Assembly|3rd]] {{small|([[2023 Telangana Legislative Assembly election|2023]])}}
|119
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|64
|39.40%
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|{{party color cell|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|39
|37.35%
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|8
|13.90%
|}

==By-election==
When an elected candidate to either the Rajya Sabha, Lok Sabha, or Telangana Legislative Assembly leaves the office vacant before their term ends, a by-election is conducted to find a suitable replacement to fill the vacant position. It is often referred to as by-polls.

Common reasons for by-elections:
*Resignation of the sitting M.P. or an M.L.A.
*Death of the sitting M.P. or an M.L.A.

But other reasons occur when the incumbent is disqualified for being ineligible to continue in office (criminal conviction, failure to maintain a minimum level of attendance in the office due to election irregularities found later, or when a candidate wins more than one seat and has to vacate one).

==See also==
*[[Government of Telangana]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://legislature.telangana.gov.in/ Telangana Legislative Assembly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502005306/https://legislature.telangana.gov.in/ |date=2 May 2024 }}

{{Telangana elections}}
{{Indian elections}}
{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Telangana|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Elections in Telangana]]

St. Mary's Church Thrikkunnathu

2025-06-30T00:16:10Z

LavernRuss601: adding first stub needs work...

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox church
| icon =
| icon_width =
| icon_alt =
| name = St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Thrikkunnathu, Aluva
| fullname =
| other name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = St_Mary's_Church_Thrikkunnathu.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| alt =
| caption =
| pushpin map = India Kerala
| pushpin label position = right
| pushpin map alt =
| pushpin mapsize =
| relief =
| map caption = St. Mary's Church, Thrikkunnathu, Aluva, Kerala
| coordinates = {{Coord|10.1030|N|76.3572|E}}
| osgraw = 
| osgridref = 
| location = [[Aluva]], [[Kerala]]
| country = [[India]]
| denomination = [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
| previous denomination =
| tradition =
| religious institute = 
| churchmanship =
| membership =
| attendance =
| website = 
| former name =
| bull date =
| founded date = 1880
| dedication = St.Mary
| dedicated date =
| consecrated date =
| cult =
| relics = Tombs of H.G Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasios (1907)
<nowiki>H.G Kuttikkattil Paulose Mar Athanasios ]] Valiya ThirumeH.G .G Geevarghese Mar Gregorios Vayaliparambil (1966) </nowiki>
H.G Dr. Philipose Mor Theophilos(1997)
| events =
| past bishop =
| people =
| status =
| functional status = Active
| heritage designation = [[Malankara Syrian Church]]
| designated date =
| architect =
| architectural type = [[Kerala Architecture]]
| style =
| years built =
| groundbreaking =
| completed date = 1932
| construction cost =
| closed date = 1977 for (40 Years) Due to the dispute between [[Jacobite Syriac Christian Church]] and [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
| demolished date =
| capacity =
| length = 
| width = 
| width nave = 
| height = 
| diameter = 
| other dimensions =
| floor count =
| floor area = 
| dome quantity =
| dome height outer = 
| dome height inner = 
| dome dia outer = 
| dome dia inner = 
| spire quantity =
| spire height = 
| materials =
| bells =
| bells hung =
| bell weight = 
| parish =
| deanery =
| archdeaconry =
| episcopalarea =
| archdiocese =
| metropolis =
| diocese = [[Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese|Angamaly Diocese]]
| province =
| presbytery =
| synod =
| circuit =
| district =
| division =
| subdivision =
| archbishop =
| bishop =
| auxiliary bishop =
| abbot =
| prior =
| subprior =
| exarch =
| provost-rector =
| provost =
| viceprovost =
| rector =
| vicar =
| dean =
| subdean =
| archpriest =
| precentor =
| succentor =
| chancellor =
| canonchancellor =
| canon =
| canonpastor =
| canonmissioner =
| canontreasurer =
| prebendary =
| priestincharge =
| priest =
| asstpriest =
| honpriest =
| curate =
| asstcurate =
| nonstipendiaryminister =
| minister =
| assistant =
| seniorpastor =
| pastor =
| chaplain =
| archdeacon =
| deacon =
| deaconess =
| reader =
| student intern =
| organistdom =
| director =
| organist =
| organscholar =
| chapterclerk =
| laychapter =
| warden =
| verger =
| businessmgr =
| liturgycoord =
| reledu =
| rcia =
| youthmin =
| flowerguild =
| musicgroup =
| parishadmin =
| serversguild =
| sacristan =
| logo =
| logosize =
| logolink =
| logoalt =
| embedded =
}}

'''Thrikkunnathu St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church''', is a church that is part of the [[Angamaly Malankara Orthodox Diocese|Angamaly Diocese]] of the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]. The church belongs to '''[[Thrikkunnathu Seminary]]''', the headquarters of the Angamaly Diocese. It is located near the town of [[Aluva]], in the [[Ernakulam district]] of [[Kerala]].<ref name="aluvaindex.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.aluvaindex.com/listing/st-marys-orthodox-syrian-church-thrikkunnathu-seminary-aluva/|title=St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Church, Thrikkunnathu Seminary, Aluva « Aluva Business Directory|website=www.aluvaindex.com}}</ref>

The Seminary was closed for 40 years due to factional authority disputes between the [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church|Jacobite Society]] and the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]. Following a Supreme Court verdict, the Seminary is controlled and administered by the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]].

==Early Church==
In 1880 the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Malankara Syrian Church]] acquired {{convert|18|acre|m2}} of land for construction of the church and a cornerstone was laid in 1889. The church began as a small building [[thatch]]ed with [[coconut]] leaves in the early 1900s. [[Paulose Mar Athanasius]] built the current St Mary's Church in the early 1930s.<ref name="saint">hindu.com, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20041119184059/http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/21/stories/2004082111260400.htm Mar Athanasius canonized as saint]'', 21 August 2004, retrieved 16 June 2009."</ref> The western side of the building was extended in 1964.
Patriarchs of Antioch, [[Ignatius Abded Aloho II]], [[St.Ignatius Elias III]] and [[Ignatius Jacob III]] had visited this church in 1911, 1931 and 1964.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/ch/ThrikkunnathuChurch.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509042603/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/ch/ThrikkunnathuChurch.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 May 2015|title=Aluva Thrikkunnathu St. Mary's Jacobite Syrian Church|website=www.syriacchristianity.info}}</ref>

[[File:THRK04.jpg|thumb|left|St Mary's Church at Thrikkunnathu Seminary in [[Aluva]], 2009.]]

==Tombs==
* H.G Kadavil Paulose Mar Athanasios (1907)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/KadavilThirumeniI.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509015215/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/KadavilThirumeniI.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 May 2015 |title=Kadavil Mor Athanasius I |publisher=Syriacchristianity.info |date= |accessdate=2018-04-12}}</ref>
* H.G Kuttikkattil [[Mor Athanasius Paulose Valiya Thirumeni|Paulose Mar Athanasios]] (1953)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/ValiyaThirumeni.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509020613/http://www.syriacchristianity.info/bio/ValiyaThirumeni.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=9 May 2015 |title=Valiya Thirumeni |publisher=Syriacchristianity.info |date= |accessdate=2018-04-12}}</ref>
* H.G Vayalipparambil Geevarghese Mar Gregorios (1966)
*
* <ref>{{cite web|author=Bibu Philip Mathew |url=http://sor.cua.edu/Personage/Malankara/MGregoriusGVayaliparambil.html |title=Mor Gregorius Gewargis Vayaliparambil (1899-1966) |publisher=Sor.cua.edu |date= |accessdate=2018-04-12}}</ref>
* H.G Kallupurackal Dr. Philipose Mar Theophilos (1997)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgocsmdiaspora.org/blog/remembering-late-lamented-dr-philipose-mar-theophilus/ |title=» Remembering Late lamented Dr.Philipose Mar Theophilus |publisher=Mgocsmdiaspora.org |date=2012-09-29 |accessdate=2018-04-12}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Mary's Church Thrikkunnathu}}
[[Category:Churches completed in 1932]]
[[Category:Malankara Orthodox Syrian church buildings]]
[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1880]]
[[Category:Aluva]]
[[Category:Churches in Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:20th-century churches in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Oriental Orthodox church buildings]]

Chamak copper plates

2025-06-13T11:51:06Z

LavernRuss601: put up a entry v1 - done

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chamak copper plates
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|21.12|N|77.28|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Amravati district|Amravati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 369
| population_total = 1134
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 444806
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 07223
| registration_plate = MH 27
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Chamak copper plates''' are an epigraphic record of the [[Vakataka|Vākāṭaka]] dynasty, documenting a land donation to [[brahmin|brāhmaṇas]] in the reign of king [[Pravarasena II]] in the fifth century CE. They were found at Chamak, in District [[Amravati]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]].

==Location==
Chamak or Chammak is located 6.0 miles southwest of Acalpur according to Amravati district ''Gazetteer'' published by the Government of Maharashtra.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/AMRAVATI/home.html |title=The Gazetteers Department - AMRAVATI |accessdate=2010-11-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101002113743/http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/AMRAVATI/home.html |archivedate=2010-10-02 }}</ref> According to J. F. Fleet the village is four miles s. w. of Ilichpur (Ellichpur). This is the old name for [[Achalpur]].<ref>J. F. Fleet, ''Inscriptions of the Gupta Kings and their Successors'', CII, vol. 8, Calcutta, 1888.</ref> Chamak currently consists of a cluster of three villages on the banks of the Chandrabhāgā river with those on the eastern bank known as Chamak Khurd and Chamak Buzurg. The plates were found in a field near the village in the 19th century and were acquired by Major H. Szczepanski. They are now in the collection of the [[British Library]] registered under the number Ind. Ch. no. 16.<ref>A. Gaur, ''Indian charters on copper plates in the Department of Oriental Manuscripts and Printed Books'' (London, 1975).</ref>
[[File:Chamak Khurd.jpg|thumb|left|Chamak Khurd village in 2012]]

==Publication==
The Chamak copper-plate charter was read and published by [[John Faithfull Fleet]] in 1888.<ref>J. F. Fleet, ''Inscriptions of the Gupta Kings and their Successors'', p. 236.</ref> The record was subsequently published by V. V. Mirashi in 1963.<ref>V. V. Mirashi, ''Inscriptions of the Vākāṭakas'', CII 5 (Ootacamund, 1963), available online at https://archive.org/details/corpusinscriptio014677mbp</ref>

==Description and Contents==
The Chamak charter consists of a series of copper plates linked together with a ring held with a seal. The text of the inscription is [[Sanskrit]] throughout. The object of the inscription is to record the grant, by Pravarasena II, of the village Charmāka situated on the bank of the Madhunadī in the ''rājya'' of Bhojakaṭa. The grant consisted of 8000 ''bhūmi-s'' by the royal measure. The donees were a "thousand Brāhmaṇas", although only 49 are actually named. The grant was made at the request of Koṇḍarāja, the son of Śatrughnarāja. This Koṇḍarāja is also mentioned in line 45 of the Pattan copper plates. The grant is dated on the thirteenth ''tithi'' of the bright fortnight of Jyeṣṭha in the 18th regnal year. The ''senāpati'' was Citravarman. From the Belorā copper plates, Set B, we know that Citravarman was holding the same post seven years earlier in the 11th regnal year of Pravarasena II.

==Metrics==
The seal carries a verse in [[anuṣṭubh]] metre.

==See also==
*[[Indian inscriptions]]

==Notes==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.bl.uk/ British Library]
*[https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/state_formation_in_early_india/inscriptions_and_sites.aspx British Museum Research Project : ''Politics, Ritual and Religion'' : Epigraphic Findspots]

[[Category:Vākāṭaka inscriptions]]
[[Category:Sanskrit inscriptions in India]]
[[Category:5th-century inscriptions]]

Gunda IV

2025-05-18T20:55:10Z

LavernRuss601: put up basic stub initial version - done

{{More citations needed|date=May 2025}}
{{Short description|Rashtrakuta general and a member of the Kakatiya dynasty}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Gunda
| succession = [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]] ruler
| reign = c. 955-995 CE
| predecessor = [[Erra (Kakatiya dynasty)|Erra]]
| successor = [[Beta I]]
| dynasty = [[Kakatiya dynasty|Kakatiya]]
| father = Betiya (son of [[Erra (Kakatiya dynasty)|Erra]])
}}
'''Gunda IV''' (r. c. 955-995) alias '''Pindi-Gunda''' was a member of the [[Kakatiya]] dynasty of southern India. As a [[Rashtrakuta]] general, he helped the [[Chalukyas of Vengi|Vengi Chalukya]] prince Danarnava ascend the throne after a succession dispute. In 973 CE, after the collapse of the Rashtrakuta empire and the murder of Danarnava, he attempted to carve out an independent principality at [[Kuravi]]. The [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukyas]], who had usurped the power from the Rashtrakutas, probably defeated and killed him, supported by the [[Mudigonda|Mudugonda]] Chalukyas, the former rulers of Kuravi.

== In Rashtrakuta service ==

Gunda IV was a son of Betiya and a grandson of [[Erra (Kakatiya dynasty)|Erra]]. He seems to have succeeded his grandfather on the throne, as Betiya's name is omitted in the dynasty's [[Bayyaram]] inscription.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=39}}{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=198}} The inscription states that Gunda IV, also known as Gundyana or Pindi-Gunda, beheaded all his enemies.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=18, 30}}

As a Rashtrakuta general, Gunda IV was probably stationed around the Kurravadi (possibly present-day [[Kuravi]]) region, which his grandfather Erra governed after the Rashtrakutas captured it from the Vengi Chalukyas. The [[Mudigonda|Mudugonda]] Chalukyas, who were subordinate to the Vengi Chalukyas, recovered the area sometime later, and Erra appears to have been stationed at the Rashtrakuta-Chalukya frontier. In 944 CE, the Vengi Chalukya prince Danarnava disputed his brother Amma-raja II's ascension to the throne, and approached the Rashtrakuta king [[Krishna III]] for help. With Rashtrakuta help, Danarnava appears to have ousted Amma-raja II and ascended the throne for a short period.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=39-40}}

At the request of Gunda IV, Danarnava issued the Mangallu inscription, which is an important source of information about the early Kakatiya history. He issued the grant under the title Vijayaditya which had also been adopted by his predecessor and brother Amma-raja II (it was customary for the crowned Chalukya kings to alternatively adopt the titles Vishnu-vardhana and Vijayaditya). The Mangallu inscription records the grant of Mangallu village in Natavadi ''[[vishaya]]'' as an [[agrahara]] to a [[brahmin|brahmana]] named Dommana, who performed the ''Karpati-vrata'' ritual for Gunda.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=39-40}}{{sfn|R.S. Sharma|1957|p=198}}

== After the Rashtrakutas ==

In 973 CE, [[Tailapa II]] overthrew the Rashtrakuta king and established the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani|Kalyani Chalukya]] dynasty. The same year, Jata Choda Bhima (a member of the Pedakallu branch of the [[Telugu Chodas]]) killed the Vengi Chalukya prince Danarnava. Gunda IV did not acknowledge the suzerainty of either of the usurpers, and carved out an independent principality at Kuravi after subjugating the Mudugonda Chalukyas.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|p=41}}

The Mudugonda Chalukyas moved their capital to a place called Bottu, and adopted "Bottu" as their family name. The exact identity of this place is not certain, but it was located south of Mudugonda. According to the 1124 CE [[Gudur (Mahabubabad district)|Gudur]] inscription issued by Viriyala Malla, his great-grandfather Viriyala Erra killed the enemy of one Bottu Beta and reinstated him at Kuravi. It is possible that this enemy was Gunda IV. The Mudugonda Chalukyas (or Bottus) probably accepted the suzerainty of the Kalyani Chalukyas, and sought their help in recapturing Mudugonda. The Kalyani Chalukya general Viriyala Erra probably defeated and killed Gunda IV, and reinstated the Bottus at Mudugonda.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=41-42}}

The Gudur inscription states that Viriyala Erra's wife Kama-vasani, who probably came from the Kakatiya family, helped Gunda's son [[Beta I]] (alias Garuda Beta) re-establish the Kakatiya lineage.{{sfn|P.V.P. Sastry|1978|pp=42-43}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=P.V.P. Sastry|author-link=P. V. Parabrahma Sastry |editor=N. Ramesan |title=The Kākatiyas of Warangal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FiRuAAAAMAAJ |year=1978 |publisher=Government of Andhra Pradesh |location=Hyderabad |oclc=252341228 }}
* {{cite book |author1=N. Venkataramanayya |author2=P.V.P. Sastry |chapter=The Kākatīyas |editor=R.S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |edition=1987 reprint |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 |ref={{harvid|R.S. Sharma|1957}} }}
{{ref end}}

{{Kakatiya dynasty}}

[[Category:Kakatiya dynasty]]
[[Category:10th-century Indian people]]

Sailen Dasgupta

2025-04-09T08:19:37Z

LavernRuss601:

[[File:Sailen Dasgupta.jpg|thumb]]
{{Short description|Indian politician (1944–2006)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{more citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{Independent sources|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sailen Dasgupta
| birth_date = 24 October 1920
| birth_place = [[Barisal]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in Bangladesh)
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2001|07|10|1920}}
| death_place = Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| office2 = West Bengal State Secretary of the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
| term_start2 = 1990
| term_end2 = 1998
| predecessor2 = [[Saroj Mukherjee]]
| successor2 = [[Anil Biswas (politician)|Anil Biswas]]
| office3 = Chairman of [[Left Front (West Bengal)|Left Front]]
| term_start3 = 1990
| term_end3 = 1998
| predecessor3 = [[Saroj Mukherjee]]
| successor3 = [[Biman Bose]]
| office1 = [[Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|Member of Polit Bureau]], [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| term_start1 = 1991
| term_end1 = 2001
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| occupation = Politician
}}

'''Sailen Dasgupta''' (24 October 1920 – 10 July 2001), was an Indian communist politician. He was the secretary of the West Bengal State Committee of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] between 1990 and 1998 and member of the party's politburo beginning in 1992 until his death in 2001.

==Early life==
Dasgupta was born on 24 October, 1920 in the Barisal district in undivided Bengal and completed his matriculation in 1938.<ref name="CPObit" />

==Politics==
Dasgupta joined CPI(M) in 1939. He was active in the party throughout the decades and because Secretary of the State Committee in 1990;<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 1990 |title=With the death of Saroj Mukherjee, growth of CPI(M) may not be so smooth |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19900315-with-the-death-of-saroj-mukherjee-growth-of-cpim-may-not-be-so-smooth-812400-1990-03-14 |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=India Today}}</ref> He was reelected in 1991, 1995 and 1998.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=https://cpimwb.org.in/en/about-us/ |access-date=12 October 2024 |website=cpimwb }}</ref> He resigned in late 1998 owing to ill-health and old age.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

He was also elected as the chairperson of Left Front in West Bengal in 1990. He was also elected to the Central Committee in 1990 and to the Polit Bureau in 1991.<ref name="CPObit">{{Cite journal |date=15 July 2001 |title=Press Release Comrade Sailen Dasgupta |url=https://archives.peoplesdemocracy.in/2001/july15/july152k1_sdg_pb.html |journal=People's Democracy |publisher=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]] |volume=25 |issue=28 |access-date=12 October 2024 }}</ref>

==Death==
Dasgupta died in Mumbai on 10 July, 2001.<ref name=CPObit />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dasgupta, Sailen}}
[[Category:1920 births]]
[[Category:2001 deaths]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]