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Gyanendra Nath Chakravarti

2026-05-06T13:31:44Z

LavernChitwood1: Done

{{short description|Indian Theosophist (1861–1936)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{More citations needed|date=October 2024}}
{{Peacock|date=October 2024}}
}}
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gyanandra Nath Chakravarti
| honorific_prefix = [[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]]
| image = G. N. Chakravarti.jpg
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1861|1|1}}
| native_name = জ্ঞানেন্দ্র নাথ চক্রবর্তী
| native_name_lang = Bangla
| education = [[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]], [[Master of Arts|M.A.]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1936|10|07|1861|1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Benares]], [[North-Western Provinces]], [[Company rule in India|Company Raj]] (now [[Varanasi]], India)
| death_place = [[Lucknow]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India)
| caption = Portrait of G. N. Chakravarti
| occupation = Academic Administrator
| spouse = Monica Devi Chakravarti ('Yashoda Mai')
| children = 4 biological, 40 adopted
| appointer2 = [[Harcourt Butler]], [[List of governors of Uttar Pradesh|Governor of United Provinces]]
}}
'''Gyanendra Nath Chakravarti''' (January 1, 1861 – October 7, 1936), also known as '''G.N. Chakravarti''', was an Indian [[Theosophy|theosophist]] and [[scholar]]. In 1893, he lectured at the [[Parliament of the World's Religions#1893 Parliament|World's Parliament of Religions]] in [[Chicago]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Angela Cavender |date=1996 |title=American Indian History or Non-Indian Perceptions of American Indian History? |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/1184936 |journal=American Indian Quarterly |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=3 |doi=10.2307/1184936 |issn=0095-182X|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Chakravarti received his early education at a missionary school in [[Banaras]]. He studied at the [[University of Calcutta]] and earned a Bachelor's Degree in Law and a Master's Degree in Arts.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

== Career ==
Chakravarti began his career as a lecturer in [[physical science]] at a college in [[Bareilly]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]. In 1893, he was appointed as Professor of Mathematics at the [[University of Allahabad]]. During his time at university, he became friends with [[Motilal Nehru]]. Later, he served as the Chief Inspector of Schools in the [[Uttar Pradesh|United Provinces]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}

He was appointed the first Vice-Chancellor of the [[University of Lucknow]] on December 16, 1920, after previously serving as [[pro-vice-chancellor]] at [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-11-11 |title=How a two-room memorial school turned into a 225-acre Lucknow University |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/how-a-two-room-memorial-school-turned-into-a-225-acre-lucknow-university/articleshow/71999895.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Lucknow / Former Vice Chancellors |url=https://www.lkouniv.ac.in/article/en/past-vice-chancellors |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=www.lkouniv.ac.in}}</ref>

=== Theosophical Society ===
Chakravarti was introduced to the [[Theosophical Society]] by his uncle and became a member of the organization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Binford |first=Harry |title=Mirtola: A Himalayan Ashram with Theosophical Roots |url=https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/mirtola-a-himalayan-ashram-with-theosophical-roots |access-date=2024-10-18 |website=Theosophical Society in America |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Binford |first=Harry |title=Sri Krishna Prem: The Forgotten Theosophist |url=https://www.theosophical.org/publications/quest-magazine/sri-krishna-prem-the-forgotten-theosophist |access-date=2026-03-24 |website=Theosophical Society in America |language=en-gb}}</ref>

In 1893, the [[Theosophical Society]] sent a delegation to the [[Parliament of the World's Religions|World's Parliament of Religions]] in [[Chicago]] that included Chakravarti and [[Annie Besant]]. After traveling to [[England]], he sailed for the U.S. in August 1893 with Besant to meet with [[Theosophical Society in America|American Theosophists]] to organize lectures.<ref>[https://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/wqj-echoes/EchoesOrient2-WQJ.pdf]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |date=October 1893 |title=Faces of Friends |url=https://www.ultindia.org/s/path/PathOct1893.pdf |journal=The Path |volume=VIII |issue=7 |pages=205}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Chakravarti was awarded the title and medal of "[[Rao Bahadur|Rai Bahadur]]" by the [[British Raj|British colonial administration]]. The Dr. Chakravarti Gold Medal is awarded annually at the [[University of Lucknow]] for achievements in academia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-08 |title=Storyteller with 1.75 lakh Insta followers to get LU's top medal |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/storyteller-with-1-75-lakh-insta-followers-to-get-lus-top-medal/articleshow/113172397.cms |access-date=2024-10-18 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Writings ==
The Union Index of Theosophical Periodicals lists two articles by or about Chakravarti.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}

* ''The Influence of Theosophy on the Life and Teachings of Modern India''. 1906. Adyar Pamphlet Series No. 35. Reviewed in ''The Theosophic Messenger'' 7.8 (May 1906), 124.{{Citation needed|date=October 2024}}
* ''Spirituality and Psychism''. 1914. Adyar Pamphlet Series, No. 48<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chakravarti |first=Gyanendranath |url=http://archive.org/details/spiritualitypsyc00chak |title=Spirituality and psychism |date=1914 |publisher=Adyar, India : Theosophical Publishing House |others=University of Connecticut Libraries}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Chakravarti was married to Monica Devi Chakravarti (1882–1944). The couple had four biological children and forty adopted children.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ashish |first1=Madhava |editor1-last=Prem |editor1-first=Shri Krishna |title=Initiation into yoga: an introduction to the spiritual life |date=1976 |publisher=Theosophical Publishing House |location=Wheaton, IL |page=22 |chapter=Forward: Shri Krishna Prem through the eyes of a disciple}}</ref> In 1928, Monika Devi sought her husband's permission to take ''[[sannyasa]]'' (renunciant vows) and continue her spiritual endeavors in the Himalayas. He granted her request and personally initiated her into a renunciant order, where she assumed the name Sri Yashoda Ma.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ashish |first1=Madhava |editor1-last=Prem |editor1-first=Shri Krishna |title=Initiation into yoga: an introduction to the spiritual life |date=1976 |publisher=Theosophical Publishing House |location=Wheaton, IL |page=23 |chapter=Forward: Shri Krishna Prem through the eyes of a disciple}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:1861 births]]
[[Category:1936 deaths]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:Indian academics]]
[[Category:Indian Theosophists]]
[[Category:Theosophists]]
[[Category:Rai Bahadurs]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Indian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Indian lecturers]]
[[Category:People from Varanasi]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Allahabad]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Banaras Hindu University]]
[[Category:19th-century Indian philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian philosophers]]

Goundamani and Senthil

2026-05-05T22:01:26Z

LavernChitwood1: Added Initial Post W/ Refs

{{Short description|Indian comedic in Tamil cinema}}
{{Infobox comedian 
| name = Goundamani and Senthil
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| nationality =
| active = 1983–2003
| genre = Slapstick, comedy
| notable_work = ''[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]'', ''[[Karakattakkaran]]'', ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''
| memorials =
| past_members = {{Plainlist|
* [[Goundamani]]
* [[Senthil]]
}}
| website =
| image_size =
}}

'''[[Goundamani]] and [[Senthil]]''' were an Indian comedic duo who were popular in Tamil cinema in the 1980s and 1990s. The duo was active for twenty years. After the mid-2000s, they started acting in films separately and less frequently with Goundamani notably becoming a hero in the mid-2010s while Senthil continued to act in supporting roles.

== Career ==
Starting in the 1980s, Goundamani and Senthil emerged as a notable comedic duo and were compared with [[Laurel and Hardy]]. Their jokes involved a ''senior''-''junior'' chemistry with Goundamani taking on the former roles and Senthil taking the latter role. Much of their comedy was "loud" and ended with Senthil being insulted for his dimwitted characters. Many films ran at the box office simply due to this duo's comedic tracks, making them a staple of 1980s and 1990s Tamil films.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohan |first=Ashutosh |date=2020-03-24 |title=Top 10 Tamil Films Where Senthil Got The Better Of Goundamani |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/top-10-tamil-films-where-senthil-got-the-better-of-goundamani |access-date=2025-03-02 |website=[[Film Companion]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Vijiyan |first=K. N. |date=30 October 1993 |title=A movie without direction |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sJgWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6BMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5825%2C4097497 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523061900/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sJgWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=6BMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5825%2C4097497 |archive-date=23 May 2024 |access-date=28 June 2023 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |pages=28 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}</ref>

=== Notable comedic sequences ===
*In ''[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]'' (1984), a woman with a basket comes to the All-in-All Azhagu Raja roadside shop (owned by Goundamani) asking for a [[petromax]] light. After hearing this, Senthil runs off. Goundamani in response asks' "Petromax lightey venumaa?" (Do you want ''only'' the petromax light?) and reprimands the woman saying that he cannot sell the light to people with baskets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 July 2019 |title=Tamannaah's next with Athe Kangal-fame Rohin Venkatesan titled Petromax; Title look revealed |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/03/tamannaahs-next-with-athe-kangal-fame-rohin-venkatesan-titled-petromax-12716.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806065054/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/03/tamannaahs-next-with-athe-kangal-fame-rohin-venkatesan-titled-petromax-12716.html |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=2 April 2025 |work=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GT4V2yIoLP4|title=Goundamani Senthil Petromax Light Comedy : Vaidehi Kathirunthal|date=December 1, 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref>
*In ''[[Karakattakkaran]]'' (1989), Senthil goes to buy two bananas for one rupee.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2020 |title=வாழைப்பழம் சாப்பிடச் சொன்னா ஏன் சிரிக்கிறீங்க? - மருத்துவர் சொல்லும் முக்கியத் தகவல் #MyVikatan |trans-title=Why do you laugh when I tell you to eat a banana? - Important information from the doctor #MyVikatan |url=https://www.vikatan.com/literature/arts/why-banana-is-important |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250226025356/https://www.vikatan.com/literature/arts/why-banana-is-important |archive-date=26 February 2025 |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> When he returns to Goundamani with one of the two bananas after eating the other one, Goundamani asks him where the other banana is, and Senthil replies to him by saying that the other banana is this one.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2022 |title=Senthil – The Comedy Legend! |url=https://www.suryanfm.in/actor-senthil-birthday-special-article/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250226130107/https://www.suryanfm.in/actor-senthil-birthday-special-article/ |archive-date=26 February 2025 |access-date=26 February 2025 |website=[[Suryan FM]] |language=ta}}</ref> This scene is dubbed as the ''vazhapazham'' ({{Translation|banana}}) scene.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-01 |title=The Word View: That Vazhappazham scene |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/the-word-view-that-vazhappazham-scene/articleshow/63557361.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> In the same film, there is another comedy scene involving the troupe members pushing the [[Chevrolet Impala]], where Goundamani's character says that this is the car owned by cinema actress Soppana Sundari.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kabilan |first1=Kannalmozhi |title=Heritage tales on vintage wheels |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/cities/chennai/2021/Jan/11/heritage-tales-onvintage-wheels-2248255.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=6 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Curious Senthil asks a question in Goundamani's ear, which triggers him to slap Senthil repeatedly, asking, "Adhu yenda enna paathu andha kelvi keta?" (Why did you ask me that question?)<ref name=":TNM">{{cite news |last1=Rajendran |first1=Sowmya |title=Goundamani turns 81: Why his brand of comedy will never get too old |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/story/tamil-nadu/goundamani-turns-81-why-his-brand-comedy-will-never-get-too-old-125229 |work=The News Minute |date=12 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> Furious with Senthil for asking him and not the other members, Goundamani reveals the question when [[Ramarajan]] asks why Goundamani is hitting Senthil repeatedly; the question Senthil asked Goundamani was, "Car-ah namma vachirukkurom, indha car-ah vachirundha Soppana Sundari-ya ippa yaaru vachirukkaanga?" (We have the car that once belonged to Soppana Sundari. Now, who keeps Soppana Sundari?)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sundar |first1=Anusha |title='Soppana Sundari' movie review: A delectable dark comedy that stays true to its genre |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/story/entertainment/review/2023/Apr/15/soppana-sundari-movie-review-a-delectable-dark-comedy-that-stays-true-to-its-genre-2565950.html |work=The New Indian Express |date=10 April 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*In ''[[Chinna Gounder]]'' (1992), Senthil keeps questioning Goundamani like a village vingnani ({{translation|scientist}}) on random things, making him angry and prompting him to kick Senthil away. One such scene involves Senthil asking why river water tastes good while the same water tastes salty when it reaches the sea. He also asks about the terminology for fruits, such as why tender mango is called ''maangaai'' and ripe mango is called ''maambazham'', while tender coconut is called ''ilani'' (இளநீ) and coconut is called ''thengaai''. Goundamani responds sarcastically saying "Nee sonna vaakkiyatha, [[Thanjavur]] kovil kalvettu-la vetti vachittu, pakkathula nee utkanthukka, unakku pinnaala vara santhathigal atha paathu padichu, thelivaa nadanthukkuvaanga" (You should engrave the words you spoke on the [[Brihadisvara Temple|Tanjore temple]] walls and sit beside it, so the future generations coming after you will read it and live wisely). In another scene, Senthil claims to have found the reason for the term "Pul thadukki bayilvan" while holding a grass. He breaks its blade and says it's half, then breaks it again and says it's a quarter. Goundamani responds by taking another grass, breaking it, and saying it's ''arai'' (½) while slapping Senthil, then breaks it further and says it's ''kaal'' (¼) before kicking him, prompting Senthil to run away. In a different scene, Senthil asks about hair terminology, wondering why facial hair can't be called ''muga mudi'' like head hair is called ''thalai mudi''. Later, when both of them see Suganya and Manorama arguing, Senthil becomes frightened by Manorama's teeth when she smiles. Goundamani teases Manorama, saying "Aattha, nee sirikkaatha aattha, kuzhanthai payappududhu!" (Maa! Please don't smile, kid is frightened!)<ref>{{cite news |last1=கண்ணன் |first1=சுரேஷ் |title=சின்னக் கவுண்டர்: “இந்தப் படம் ஓடுமா?” – விஜயகாந்தின் சந்தேகமும், மொய் விருந்து குறித்த காட்சிகளும்! |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/revisiting-the-yesteryear-classic-movie-chinna-gounder-and-its-issues |work=[[Vikatan]] |date=8 September 2022}}</ref><ref name=":TNM" />
*In ''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]'' (1993), Senthil argues with Goundamani and argues that Goundamani shouldn't look down at him because he passed 7th standard and Goundamani failed to get an [[Secondary School Leaving Certificate|SSLC]]. Senthil argues that passing is better than failing although Goundamani is indeed smarter than him. Senthil says, "Less tension, more work. More work, less tension!"<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 January 2019 |title=Goundamani will always be my favourite comedian: Senthil |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/jan/23/goundamani-will-always-be-my-favourite-comedian-senthil-9751.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801063306/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/jan/23/goundamani-will-always-be-my-favourite-comedian-senthil-9751.html |archive-date=1 August 2022 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb80jOv_Q8Y|title=Less tension more work more work less tension! 🤣🤣 #GentlemanTamilMovie #ytshorts #apinternational|date=May 16, 2023|via=YouTube}}</ref>
*In ''[[Jaihind (1994 film)|Jaihind]]'' (1994), Goundamani plays Head Constable Kottaisamy, who gets into trouble due to Senthil's character. Senthil appears in Goundamani's dreams, causing him to unwittingly harm himself or others.<ref>{{cite news |title=OTT Movies: மனதை ரிலாக்ஸ் பண்ண ஓடிடியில் பார்க்க வேண்டிய கவுண்டமணி - செந்தில் கூட்டணியின் டாப் 5 காமெடி படங்கள்! |url=https://tamil.timesnownews.com/entertainment/top-5-must-watch-goundamani-senthil-comedy-movies-on-ott-for-free-photo-gallery-151604188/ |work=Times Now Tamil |date=10 May 2025 |language=ta}}</ref>

==Selected filmography==
*''Note: Only films that feature Goundamani and Senthil comedy tracks are listed. Any film that features both of them in separate scenes are omitted.''
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Goundamani Role !! Senthil Role
! Notes and {{refh}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |1983
|''[[Malaiyoor Mambattiyan]]''
|'Silk' Singaram
|Bullet
|
|-
|''[[Aanandha Kummi]]''
| Villager
|Karuvaaya
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1984
|''[[Naan Paadum Paadal]]''
|Surya Kumar
|Laundryman
|
|-
|''Neram Nalla Neram''
| Villager
| Roadside restaurant owner
|
|-
|''[[Vaidehi Kathirunthal]]''
|All-in-All Azhagu Raja
|Komutti Thalaiya
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |1985
|''[[Rajathi Rojakili]]''
|Soora Thevar
|Patta Sombu
|
|-
|''[[Mannukketha Ponnu]]''
|Vishamurukki Veluchamy
|Ammavasai
|
|-
|''[[Kanni Rasi]]''
|Gopikrishna
|Lakshmipathi's friend
|
|-
|''[[Udaya Geetham]]''
|Balaji
|Senthil
|
|-
|''[[Naane Raja Naane Mandhiri]]''
|Kuppusamy
|Naakuthuruthi
|
|-
|''Anbin Mugavari''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[Idaya Kovil]]''
|Logidhasan Bhagavathar
|Logidhasan Bhagavathar's assistant
|
|-
|''Karaiyai Thodadha Alaigal''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Barbers
|
|-
|''[[Marudhani]]''
|School Teacher
|Dingu
|
|-
|''Thendral Thodatha Malar''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Geethanjali (1985 film)|Geethanjali]]''
|[[Groom (profession)|Horse owner]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1986
|''[[Karimedu Karuvayan]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[December Pookal]]''
|Mestri Mayilsamy
| Senthil Kumaran
|
|-
|''[[Rasigan Oru Rasigai]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Dharma Pathini (1986 film)|Dharma Pathini]]''
|"Podhuppani" Ponnusaami
|Ponnusaami's sidekick
|
|-
|''[[Maragatha Veenai (film)|Maragatha Veenai]]''
| School headmaster
| School clerk
|
|-
|''[[Aayiram Pookkal Malarattum]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Piranthaen Valarnthaen]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
|''[[Mannukkul Vairam]]''
|Esakki
|Sembattai
|
|-
|''Paadum Paravaigal''
|
|
|A comedy track was reshot for this Tamil dubbed version of ''[[Anveshana]]'' (1985).
|-
|rowspan="2"| 1987
|''[[Ninaive Oru Sangeetham]]''
|Chinnukaruppandevar
|Gundulingam
|
|-
|''[[Idhu Oru Thodar Kathai]]''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="9" | 1989
|''[[Anbu Kattalai]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Karakattakkaran]]''
|'Thavil Vidhwan' Thangavelu
|Naadhas
|<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Sekhar |first=Arunkumar |date=16 June 2019 |title=30 years of Karakattakaran – Gangai Amaren: The Vazhapazham comedy track was based on a similar sequence in an Adoor Bhasi film |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/jun/16/30-years-of-karagattakaran--gangai-amaren-ilaiyaraaja-ramarajan-kanaka-vazhapazham-comedy-12320.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820093932/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/interviews/2019/jun/16/30-years-of-karagattakaran--gangai-amaren-ilaiyaraaja-ramarajan-kanaka-vazhapazham-comedy-12320.html |archive-date=20 August 2019 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |access-date=25 February 2025 }}</ref>
|-
|''Manasukketha Maharasa''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Enga Ooru Mappillai]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[Ninaivu Chinnam]]''
|Kundalakesi
|Aandava
|
|-
|''Pen Puthi Mun Puthi''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Raaja Raajathan]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Thangamana Raasa]] ''
|Subaiya (Subramani)
|Alagusundaram
|
|-
|''Mundhanai Sabatham''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="11" |1990
|''[[Paattali Magan]]''
|Dharmadi Dharmalingam
|
|
|-
|''[[Paattukku Naan Adimai]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Thangathin Thangam]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''Neengalum Herothan''
|Pavadaikanth
|
|
|-
|''[[Ulagam Pirandhadhu Enakkaga]]''
|'Suthi' Josiyar
|
|
|-
|''[[Periya Idathu Pillai]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Madurai Veeran Enga Saami]]''
|'Balloon' Kandasamy
|Balusamy
|
|-
|''[[Ooru Vittu Ooru Vanthu]]''
|Captain Tamil Arasu
|Tamil Arasu's assistant
|
|-
|''Patanathil Petti''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Puthu Paatu]]''
|Palanisamy
|Muthu
|
|-
|''[[Namma Ooru Poovatha]]''
|'Everything' Ekambaram
|Ekabaram's sidekick
|
|-
| rowspan="12" |1991
|''[[Naadu Adhai Naadu]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Naan Pudicha Mappillai]]''
|Thandavarayan
|Konaiyan
|
|-
|''[[En Rasavin Manasile]]''
|Pannaiyar
|
|
|-
|''[[Adhikari (film)|Adhikari]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Marikozhundhu]]''
|Building constructor
|Building constructor's assistant
|
|-
|''[[Cheran Pandiyan]]''
|Mechanic Manikkam
|Thangam
|
|-
|''[[Vaidehi Kalyanam]]''
|Pachamuthu
|Thangamuthu
|
|-
|''Oorellam Un Paattu''
|
|
|
|-
|''Thambi Oorukku Pudhusu''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Thalattu Ketkuthamma]]''
|Rasaiya's uncle
|Pulipandi
|
|-
|''[[Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu (1991 film)|Nenjamundu Nermaiyundu]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Pondatti Sonna Kettukanum]]''
|Dharmalingam
|Villager
|
|-
| rowspan="19" |1992
|''[[Chinna Gounder]]''
|Vellai
|Ammavasai
|
|-
|''[[Pandithurai]]''
|Mayilsamy
|Chola
|
|-
|''Thilagam''
|Singamuthu
|
|
|-
|''[[Chinna Thayee]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[Periya Gounder Ponnu]]''
|Palanisamy
|
|
|-
|''[[Sivantha Malar]]''
|Maaran
|
|
|-
|''[[Thanga Manasukkaran]]''
|Guitarist
|Sundal
|
|-
|''[[Therku Theru Machan]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2" rowspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[Chinnavar]]''
|
|-
|''[[Chinna Pasanga Naanga]]''
| 'Kuwait' Govind
|rowspan="2"|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Oor Mariyadhai]]''
|'Miner' Mahadevan
|
|-
|''[[Idhuthanda Sattam]]''
|Karuppan
|
|
|-
|''[[Thaali Kattiya Raasa]]''
| Tea stall owner
| Tea stall employee
|
|-
|''[[Magudam]]''
|Thanni Samy
|Manasthan
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/remember-this-actress-from-1992-movie-magudam-this-is-what-she-does-now-9013862.html|title=Remember This Actress From 1992 Movie Magudam? This Is What She Does Now|website=News18}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Pattathu Raani]]''
|Jalagandeswaran
|Rayappan
|
|-
|''[[David Uncle]]''
|Kavundar
|Panniraj
|
|-
|''[[Onna Irukka Kathukanum]]''
|Sudalai
|Pichumani (Beggar Bell)
|
|-
|''[[Villu Pattukaran]]''
|Appakannu
|Thangappan
|
|-
|''[[Natchathira Nayagan]]''
|'Detective' Thiruvasagam
|Thiruvasagam's assistant
|
|-
| rowspan="17" |1993
|''[[Koyil Kaalai]]''
|Ramasamy
|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Rakkayi Koyil]]''
|Singaram
|Barber
|
|-
|''[[Manikuyil]]''
|
|Chinna Gounder
|
|-
|''[[Ejamaan]]''
|Vellaiyangiri
|Azhagiri
|
|-
|''[[Maharasan]]''
|Govindan
|Sangu Pillai
|
|-
|''[[Amma Ponnu]]''
|
|Nallathambi
|
|-
|''[[Uthama Raasa]]''
|Ondippulithevar
|Vellayathevan
|
|-
|''[[Ponnumani]]''
| Naachi
| Villager
|
|-
|''[[Porantha Veeda Puguntha Veeda]]''
|Ravi's Father
|Mohana's husband
|
|-
|''[[Band Master]]''
|Mani
|Albert
|
|-
|''[[Dharma Seelan]]''
|Aarusamy
|Dindigul Sahayam
|
|-
|''[[Gentleman (1993 film)|Gentleman]]''
|Mani
|Babloo
|
|-
|''[[Thalattu]]''
|Goundar
|Goundar's brother-in-law
|
|-
|''[[Dhuruva Natchathiram (1993 film)|Dhuruva Natchathiram]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Chinna Jameen]]''
|
Thalaiyari Mama
|Vellasamy
|
|-
|''[[Kattabomman (film)|Kattabomman]]''
|'Supervisor' Subramani
|Pazhani
|
|-
|''[[Rojavai Killathe]]''
|David
|T.V.Thandavarayan
|
|-
| rowspan="14" | 1994
|''[[Sethupathi IPS]]''
| Muthaiya
|Alagappan
|
|-
|''[[Rajakumaran (film)|Rajakumaran]]''
|Marusamy
|Postman
|
|-
|''[[Varavu Ettana Selavu Pathana]]''
| 'Anjatha Singam' Marugupandi
|Rahim
|
|-
|''[[Seeman (film)|Seeman]]''
|Dawali
|
|
|-
|''[[Jai Hind (1994 film)|Jai Hind]]''
| Kottaisamy
|Kottaisamy's dream and [[Deputy inspector general of police|DIG]]
|
|-
|''[[Rasigan]]''
|Ekambaram
|Kapooram
|
|-
|''[[Mettupatti Mirasu]]''
|Gounder
|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Sathyavan]]''
|Kiruba
|Mani
|
|-
|''[[Thai Maaman]]''
|Rasappan's uncle
|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Jallikattu Kaalai]]''
|Aarusamy
|Punnakku
|
|-
|''[[Nattamai]]''
|Kaali Muthu and Mangalam
|Thanga Muthu
|
|-
|''[[Periya Marudhu (film)|Periya Marudhu]]''
|
Sudalai
|Azhaguraman
|
|-
|''[[Nila (1994 film)|Nila]]''
|
|Dinku
|
|-
|''[[Thaai Manasu]]''
| Chokkalingam
|Sakkarai
|
|-
| rowspan="20" |1995
|''[[Naan Petha Magane]]''
| K. D. Varadarajan
|
|
|-
|''[[Veluchami]]''
|Kathavarayan
|Kannan
|
|-
|''[[Muthu Kaalai]]''
|Pattayakarar
|
|
|-
|''[[Muthukulikka Vaariyala]]''
|Kondakara Annachi
|Mandaikaarar
|
|-
|''[[Raja Enga Raja]]''
|Raja
|
|
|-
|''[[Coolie (1995 film)|Coolie]]''
|Periyasamy/Velusamy/Madasamy
| Ponnusamy/Munusamy/Munusamy's son
|
|-
|''[[Karnaa]]''
|Khalnayak
|Driver
|
|-
|''[[Lucky Man (1995 film)|Lucky Man]]''
| [[Yama (Hinduism)|Yamadharmarajan]]
|[[Chitragupta]]
|
|-
|''[[Chinna Vathiyar]]''
|Astrologer
|Astrologer's friend
|
|-
|''[[Murai Maman]]''
|Perusu
|Chinna Thambi
|
|-
|''[[Thamizhachi]]''
| Villangam
| Villager
|
|-
|''[[Marumagan]]''
|Govindsamy
|
|
|-
|''[[Thedi Vandha Raasa]]''
|Albert Kothandam
|Selvam
|
|-
|''[[Nadodi Mannan (1995 film)|Nadodi Mannan]]''
| Ponnusamy
|
|
|-
|''[[Periya Kudumbam]]''
|Post Master
|Postman Dhandapani
|
|-
|''[[Mr. Madras]]''
|Govindsamy
|Ponnusamy
|
|-
|''[[Ragasiya Police]]''
|Ponnurangam
|Harichandran
|
|-
|''[[Maa Manithan (1995 film)|Maa Manithan]]''
| Mr. Dinar / Vettiyan
|
|
|-
|-
|''[[Murai Mappillai]]''
|Ramesh
|Suresh
|
|-
|''[[Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum]]''
|Desingu
|Tyre (Rajadhi Raja Raja Maarthanda Raja Gambeera Raja Kulothunga Kathavaraya Krishna Kamaraj)
|
|-
| rowspan="13" | 1996
|''[[Coimbatore Mappillai]]''
| Gopal
| White
|
|-
|''[[Parambarai]]''
|Karuppusamy
|Kanayiram
|
|-
|''[[Ullathai Allitha]]''
|'Great' Vasu
|Viswanathan's manager
|
|-
|''[[Maha Prabhu]]''
|Sethu
|Vicky
|
|-
|''[[Nattupura Pattu]]''
| Kattamuthu
|Chinna Karuppan
|
|-
|''[[Indian (1996 film)|Indian]]''
| Subbaiah
|Panneerselvam
|Senthil reprises his role in ''[[Sathyam (2008 film)|Sathyam]]'' (2008).
|-
|''[[Pudhu Nilavu]]''
|Taxi Driver
|
|
|-
|''[[Katta Panchayathu]]''
|Toddy man
|Chinna Thambi
|
|-
|''[[Avathara Purushan]]''
| 'Pickpocket' Periyasamy
|
|
|-
|''[[Poovarasan]]''
|Govind
|Samuthiram
|
|-
|''[[Parivattam]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Senathipathi]]''
|Kathavarayan
| Veera Bahu
|
|-
|''[[Gnanapazham]]''
|Aarthi's brother
|Azhagu
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |1997
|''[[Nesam]]''
|Narasimman
|Thanikachalam
|
|-
|''[[Pudhayal]]''
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Vallal]]''
|Sithappu
|Azhagan
|
|-
|''[[Aahaa Enna Porutham]]''
|Villager
|Jack-an-Jill
|
|-
|''[[Janakiraman]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
|''[[Rettai Jadai Vayasu]]''
|Vijay's uncle
|Pangali
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1998
|''[[Aval Varuvala]]''
|Dhandapani
|Michael Jackson
|
|-
|''[[En Uyir Nee Thaane]]''
|'Bullet' Jackie
|Nicolas
|
|-
|''[[Bhagavath Singh (film)|Bhagavath Singh]]''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |1999
|''[[Suriya Paarvai]]''
| Raj Bharath / Nattamai
| Pichai Perumal / Sundaram
|
|-
|''[[Ethirum Puthirum]]''
|Auto Driver
|Eshwar
|
|-
|''[[Azhagarsamy]]''
| style="text-align:center" colspan="2"|Villagers
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2000
|''[[Veeranadai]]''
|Ulagavaayan
|Villager
|
|-
|''[[Kannan Varuvaan (2000 film)|Kannan Varuvaan]]''
| Thannirmalai/Athiyapatham/Ezhumalai
|Sooravali
|
|-
|''[[Kannaal Pesavaa]]''
|Clinton
| Nelson Mandela
|
|-
|rowspan="3"| 2001
|''[[Vedham]]''
| Govindsamy
|
|
|-
|''[[Samuthiram]]''
|Ramanathan
| M. Dharmaraj
|
|-
|''[[Azhagana Naatkal]]''
|Ranjith
|Mahali
|
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Samasthanam]]''
|Selvam
|Mani
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2003
|''[[Chokka Thangam]]''
| Muthu's uncle
|Servant
|
|-
|''[[Yes Madam (2003 film)|Yes Madam]]''
|Ganesh Kumar
|Arvind Swamy
|
|}

== Failed comeback ==
In 2019, a sequel to ''[[Karakattakkaran]]'' (1989) entered pre-production. However, notably [[Goundamani]] was not cast despite [[Senthil]] being cast. The film, however, did not reach fruition due to [[Gangai Amaran]]'s other commitments.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dtnext.in/cinema/2019/06/03/goundamani-senthil-likely-to-reunite-after-16-years|title=Goundamani, Senthil likely to reunite after 16 years|date=2 June 2019|work=[[Dina Thanthi|DT Next]]|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
A similar comedic duo arose in Telugu cinema in the 1990s consisting of [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] and [[Babu Mohan]] starting from the film ''[[Mamagaru]]'' (1991), which was a remake of ''[[Naan Pudicha Mappillai]]'' (1991).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://telugu.news18.com/photogallery/movies/goundamani-senthil-ta-do-you-know-tamil-comedy-super-stars-goundamani-and-senthil-like-tamil-kota-srinivas-rao-and-babu-mohan-now-they-what-doing-ta-2340306.html|title=Goundamani - Senthil: తమిళ సినిమా కోట, బాబు మోహన్‌‌‌లు ప్రస్తుతం ఏం చేస్తున్నారో తెలుసా.. ?|website=telugu.news18.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/who-is/comedian-babu-mohan-ventures-into-ott-with-amazon-prime-series-1503225874.html|title=Comedian Babu Mohan ventures into OTT with Amazon prime series|first=Statesman|last=Web|date=September 26, 2023|access-date=March 10, 2025|archive-date=September 21, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240921004134/https://www.thestatesman.com/who-is/comedian-babu-mohan-ventures-into-ott-with-amazon-prime-series-1503225874.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wirally.com/hilarious-combos-their-comedy-tracks-in-movie/|title=15 Hilarious Combos & Their Comedy Tracks In Movies That Made Us Laugh Like Hell - Wirally|date=January 2, 2021|access-date=March 2, 2025|archive-date=October 2, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002201422/https://wirally.com/hilarious-combos-their-comedy-tracks-in-movie/|url-status=live}}</ref> Kota Srinivasa Rao and Babu Mohan also dubbed for Goundamani and Senthil, respectively, in the Telugu dubbed versions of their films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wirally.com/find-out-the-telugu-voices-behind-these-tamil-actors/|title=Here Find Out The Telugu Voices Behind These Tamil Actors - Wirally|date=June 5, 2016|access-date=March 2, 2025|archive-date=August 3, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803223235/https://wirally.com/find-out-the-telugu-voices-behind-these-tamil-actors/|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian comedy duos]]
[[Category:Indian male comedians]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Film duos]]
[[Category:Male actors from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]

Sawombung

2026-05-03T11:50:37Z

LavernChitwood1: Created basic pg initial version

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sawombung
| official_name =
| native_name = {{Script|Mtei|ꯁꯋꯣꯝꯕꯨꯡ}}
| native_name_lang = mni
| settlement_type = Subdivision
| pushpin_map = India Manipur#India
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|53|42.67|N|94|0|3.55|E|scale:200000|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{IND}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Manipur]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Imphal East district|Imphal East]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| population_total = 81,561
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_density_km2 = 415.6
| demographics_type1 = Language(s)
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 795010
| registration_plate = MN
| website = {{URL|https://imphaleast.nic.in}}
| demographics1_info1 = [[Meitei language]] (officially [[Manipuri language]])
}}

'''Sawombung''' is an administrative sub-division of [[Imphal East district]] in the [[Northeast India|northeastern]] state of [[Manipur]], [[India]]. It is one of the three sub-divisions of the district, alongside [[Porompat]] and [[Keirao Bitra]].<ref name=":2" />

== Administration ==
Sawombung is administered as a subdivision under the [[District administration in India|district administration]] of [[Imphal East]].<ref name="census_2011">{{cite web |title=Primary census abstract at town, village and ward level, Manipur - District Imphal East - 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/6469 |access-date=2023-01-06 |work=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Demography {{!}} IMPHAL EAST DISTRICT, GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR {{!}} India |url=https://imphaleast.nic.in/demography/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref> Subdivisions in Manipur are typically headed by a [[Sub-divisional magistrate|Sub-Divisional Officer]] (SDO){{Efn|Also called Subdivisional Magistrate (SDM), Assistant Commissioner (AC), Sub Collector, or Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) in other states.}}, who is responsible for revenue and general administrative functions.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Singha |first=S. Arun Kumar |title=Institution and Effectiveness of Existing Administrative Mechanisms: A Case Study of Jiribam Sub-Division |url=https://internationaljournalcorner.com/index.php/theijhss/article/download/125820/86806/302809?__cf_chl_tk=mXuwOac99RpOqmRIF2Y.rksRdcv1CStb3Q2RMzaTXyY-1777737493-1.0.1.1-ZJazFOWqf_e.Oo9Oqq6BvtskUihTBOxR4F7_Ymgcat4 |journal=The International Journal Of Humanities & Social Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1-5 |issn=2321-9203}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=SUB-DIVISIONAL OFFICER (CIVIL) {{!}} DISTRICT MAHENDRAGARH, GOVERNMENT OF HARYANA {{!}} India |url=https://mahendragarh.gov.in/sub-divisional-officer-civilcourts/ |access-date=2026-05-03 |language=en-US}}</ref>

The subdivision is further divided into two [[tehsils]] (SDC circles):<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Sub Division & Tehsils {{!}} IMPHAL EAST DISTRICT, GOVERNMENT OF MANIPUR {{!}} India |url=https://imphaleast.nic.in/subdivision-tehsils/ |access-date=2026-05-02 |language=en-US}}</ref>

* Sawombung SDC
* Sagolmang SDC

These SDC circles are managed by Sub-Deputy Collectors (SDCs) and form the primary units of local revenue administration.<ref name=":3" />

== Geography and demographics ==
According to data based on the 2011 Census of India, Sawombung subdivision:<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Villages & Towns in Sawombung Sub Division of Imphal East, Manipur |url=https://www.census2011.co.in/data/subdistrict/1884-sawombung-imphal-east-manipur.html |access-date=2026-05-02 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

* Covers an area of about 257 km²
* Has a population of approximately 86,162 people
* Contains 67 villages and 1 town

The subdivision is predominantly rural, with about 94.7% of the population living in rural areas.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

The overall literacy rate is around 78.5%, and the sex ratio is approximately 1007 females per 1000 males, according to census data.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Education ==
Biramongol College is a general degree college located in Sawombung. It was established in 1973, and offers [[Undergraduate education|undergraduate]] courses in arts and sciences. It is affiliated to [[Manipur University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biramangol College, Sawombung |url=https://biramangolcollege.edu.in/ |website=Biramangol College |publisher=Government of Manipur}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Imphal]]
* [[Imphal East]]
* [[List of populated places in Imphal East district]]

== References ==
{{Notelist}}{{Reflist}}
[[Category:Lists of populated places in Manipur]]
[[Category:Imphal East district]]

== External sites ==

* {{cite web |title=Map of Sawombung Sub Division, Imphal East District, Manipur |url=https://manipur.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/sawombung_administrative.pdf |access-date=2 May 2026 |website=Government of Manipur |publisher=Department of Science and Technology, Government of Manipur |format=PDF}}

Kavuluru, Nallajerla mandal

2026-05-03T10:44:19Z

LavernChitwood1: Stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kavuluru
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|16.59413|N|81.24423|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[East Godavari district|East Godavari]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[East Godavari]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[Mandal]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Nallajerla]]
| established_date =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 534176
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 08818
| registration_plate = AP 37
| website =
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-AP]]
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Kavuluru''' is a village in the [[Nallajerla]] Mandal, [[East Godavari district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in India.<ref>{{cite web |author= |date=2011 |title=Basic Population Figures of India, States, Districts, Sub-District and Village, 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |access-date=May 10, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711042331/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42554/download/46180/2011-IndiaStateDistSbDistVill-0000.xlsx |archive-date=2022-07-11}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Villages in East Godavari district]].

Andolan (1951 film)

2026-05-02T16:39:43Z

LavernChitwood1: added initial stub w/ refs

{{Short description|1951 Indian socio-political film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Andolan
| image = Andolan 1951 poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| director = [[Phani Majumdar]]
| producer = [[Harnam Motwane]]
| writer = [[Phani Majumdar]]
| narrator = 
| starring = [[Kishore Kumar]] [[Nalini Jaywant]] [[Sheikh Mukhtar]]
| music = [[Pannalal Ghosh]]
| cinematography = 
| editing = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|1951|df=y}}
| runtime = 
| country = [[India]]
| language = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| budget = 
}}

'''''Andolan''''' is a 1951 Indian [[socio-political film]] directed by [[Phani Majumdar]] and produced by [[Harnam Motwane]]. The film stars [[Kishore Kumar]], [[Nalini Jaywant]], and [[Sheikh Mukhtar]] in lead roles. The music was composed by [[Pannalal Ghosh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title= Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://indiancine.ma/GCE/info |access-date=2026-05-02|language=en}}</ref> The film portrays the spirit of India's post-independence social movements and the aspirations of a newly free nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-20 |title=Reel of Kishore Kumar banned Hindi film found after 60 years |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/reel-of-kishore-kumar-banned-hindi-film-found-after-60-years-6253119/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Set in the early years of independent India, the film follows a group of young idealists who strive to bring social reform and justice to their community. The protagonist, portrayed by Kishore Kumar, is a passionate youth who challenges societal inequalities and inspires collective action. As the story unfolds, the characters navigate personal dilemmas and social resistance while holding onto their vision of a better nation.

== Cast ==
* [[Kishore Kumar]] as Raj
* [[Nalini Jaywant]] as Meena
* [[Sheikh Mukhtar]] as Shambhu
* [[Pratima Devi (Hindi actress)|Pratima Devi]]
* [[Chaman Puri]]

== Music ==
The film's music was composed by [[Ravi Shankar]], blending classical Indian melodies with a patriotic theme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-04 |title=Kishore Kumar: Actor, director, composer – One man, many talents |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/entertainment/kishore-kumar-actor-director-composer-one-man-many-talents-101659610779527.html |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The songs reflect the emotional and ideological undertones of the story.

#Prabhu Charnon Mein — Kishore Kumar
#Subah Ki Pehli Kiran Tak — Kishore Kumar

== Legacy ==
''Andolan'' is regarded as one of the significant early films in Kishore Kumar’s acting career, showcasing a serious side of the actor before his rise as a comic icon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-28 |title=When Bappi Lahiri made his Bollywood debut in Kishore Kumar's film: Unseen pic |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/celebrities/story/when-bappi-lahiri-made-his-bollywood-debut-in-kishore-kumar-s-film-unseen-pic-1808057-2021-05-28 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The film also marks an important contribution to Indian cinema’s engagement with contemporary social issues during the 1950s.

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0154246/ ''Andolan'' on IMDb]

[[Category:1951 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1951 films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Indian political films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Phani Majumdar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Ravi Shankar]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]

New Delhi–Palwal–Mathura section

2026-05-01T19:40:31Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Short description|Railway section in India}}
{{Unreferenced|date=May 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox rail line
| name = New Delhi–Palwal–Mathura section
| locale = [[Delhi]], [[Haryana]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| start = {{stnlnk|New Delhi}}
| end = {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}}
| linelength = 141 km
| owner = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Northern Railway zone|Northern Railway]] and [[North Central Railway zone|North Central Railway]]
}}
The '''New Delhi–Palwal–Mathura section''' is a 141 km long railway section of the [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]] connecting {{stnlnk|New Delhi}} with {{stnlnk|Mathura Junction}} via {{stnlnk|Palwal}}.

==See also==

* [[New Delhi–Mumbai main line]]
* [[Mathura–Vadodara section]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Railway lines in Uttar Pradesh]]

{{UttarPradesh-stub}}
{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Jai Bajarangabali

2026-04-26T18:58:56Z

LavernChitwood1: Stub

{{Short description|2014 Indian Kannada-language film}}
{{No plot|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Jai Bajarangabali
| image = Jai Bajarangabali poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Official poster
| native_name = 
| director = Ravivarma Gubbi
| writer = Ravivarma Gubbi
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = S. T. Vijay Paulraj
| starring = [[Ajai Rao]] [[Sindhu Loknath]]
| narrator =
| cinematography = V. Venkatesh
| editing = Ganesh M.
| music = [[V. Harikrishna]]
| studio = 
| distributor = 
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2014|12|12}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Jai Bajarangabali''''' ({{Translation|Hail [[Hanuman]]}}) is a 2014 Indian Kannada-language action drama film directed by Ravivarma Gubbi and starring [[Ajai Rao]] and [[Sindhu Loknath]].

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Ajai Rao]] as Ajju
*[[Sindhu Loknath]] as Ambuja
*[[Anant Nag]]
*[[Shobharaj]]
*[[P. Ravishankar]]
*[[Tennis Krishna]]
*[[Bullet Prakash]]
*[[Adi Lokesh]]
}}

== Production ==
The film began production in 2012.<ref name="year">{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/268049/good-things-happen-wait.html|title='Good things happen to those who wait'|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|author=MS|date=30 July 2012|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000939/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/268049/good-things-happen-wait.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This is Ajai Rao's first action film and he plays a Hanuman devotee.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/krishna-ajai-rao-plays-a-friendly-conman-in-jai-bajarangabali/articleshow/45447944.cms|title=Ajai Rao is a conman in Jai Bajarangabali|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana|date=10 December 2014|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022200223/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/krishna-ajai-rao-plays-a-friendly-conman-in-jai-bajarangabali/articleshow/45447944.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ajai-rao-turns-action-hero/articleshow/17389152.cms|title=Ajai Rao turns action hero|date=16 October 2017|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jai-bajarangabali-aims-to-entertain-not-preach/articleshow/45489486.cms|title=Jai Bajarangabali aims to entertain|work=[[The Times of India]]|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana|date=12 December 2014|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022200226/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/jai-bajarangabali-aims-to-entertain-not-preach/articleshow/45489486.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ajai-raos-supernatural-moment-during-the-shoot-of-jai-bajarangabali/articleshow/45356250.cms|title=Ajai Rao’s supernatural moment during the shoot of Jai Bajarangabali|last=Suresh|first=Sunayana|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=3 December 2014|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=22 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022200224/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/ajai-raos-supernatural-moment-during-the-shoot-of-jai-bajarangabali/articleshow/45356250.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Shubha Phutela]], who was shooting for ''[[Maalai Pozhudhin Mayakathilaey]]'' (2016), opted out of the film since the producers of ''Jai Bajarangabali'' wanted her to shoot exclusively for the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Shubha-Phutela-opts-out-to-Sandalwood-film/articleshow/11977226.cms |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707135706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-22/news-interviews/31083510_1_tamil-film-sandalwood-film-kannada-movies |url-status=live |archive-date=2012-07-07 |title=Shubha Phutela opts out to Sandalwood film |date=2012-02-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2012-03-07}}</ref> [[Sindhu Loknath]] plays a [[non-resident Indian]] in the film and worked on this film around the same time as ''[[Love in Mandya]]'' (2014).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/432403/people-see-different-side-me.html|title='People will see a different side of me'|first=Deepa Natarajan|last=Lobo|date=24 September 2014|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000728/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/432403/people-see-different-side-me.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/440932/its-easier-shoot-your-own.html|title='It's easier to shoot in your own city'|work=[[Deccan Herald]]|last=Anien|first=Tini Sara|date=12 November 2014|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000943/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/440932/its-easier-shoot-your-own.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was shot in Bangalore and Kuala Lumpur.<ref name="year"/>

== Soundtrack ==
The music is composed by [[V. Harikrishna]].
*"Hrudayada Battery"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/watch-sindhu-loknath-sizzle/articleshow/45471528.cms|title=Watch Sindhu Loknath sizzle|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=11 December 2014}}</ref>
*"Endendu Ninagaagi"
*"Ramsami"

== Reception ==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave the film a rating of three out of film and praised the direction, the performance of the cast, the dialogues, the music and the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/jai-bajarangabali/movie-review/45510743.cms|title=Jai Bajarangabali Movie Review|last=Kumar|first=GS|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 December 2014|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000712/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/jai-bajarangabali/movie-review/45510743.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Bangalore Mirror]]'' opined that "Jai Bhajaranga Bali is still one of those films that will not make you want to run away from theatre".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/ajai-rao-anant-nag-sindhu-loknath-shobraj-ravi-shankar/articleshow/45497256.cms?|title=Movie review: Jai Bhajaranga Bali|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|last=S.|first=Shyam Prasad|date=12 December 2014|access-date=22 October 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021000729/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/ajai-rao-anant-nag-sindhu-loknath-shobraj-ravi-shankar/articleshow/45497256.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|14084988}}

[[Category:2014 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]

Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)

2026-04-23T07:05:02Z

LavernChitwood1: Made info

{{Short description|Maharashtra government ministry responsible for Dairy Development}}
{{More citations needed|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox government agency
| native_name_a = '''मंत्रालय दुग्ध व्यवसाय विकास विभाग, महाराष्ट्र शासन'''
| type = ministry
| name = Ministry of Dairy Development [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| native_name =
| seal = File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg
| seal_width = 200
| seal_caption = [[Emblem of Maharashtra|Seal of the state of Maharashtra]]
| logo =
| logo_width =
| logo_caption =
| picture = Mantralay of Mumbai, Administrative Headquarters 03.jpg
| picture_caption = Building of Administrative Headquarters of Mumbai
| picture_width =
| jurisdiction = {{flagicon|India}} [[Maharashtra]]
| headquarters = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai|Mantralay]], [[Mumbai]]
| minister1_name = '''[[Atul Save]]'''
| minister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister]]
| deputyminister1_name = '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| deputyminister1_pfo = [[Government of Maharashtra|Minister of State]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website =
| formed =
| employees =
| budget =
| chief1_name = ([[Indian Administrative Service|IAS]])
| chief1_position =
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| parent_department = [[Government of Maharashtra]]
}}

The '''Ministry of Dairy Development''' is a Ministry of the [[Government of Maharashtra]] state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2014 |title=NCP leader Bhaskar Jadhav takes oath as Maharashtra minister |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/ncp-leader-bhaskar-jadhav-takes-oath-as-maharashtra-minister-114062600320_1.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250126114535/https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/ncp-leader-bhaskar-jadhav-takes-oath-as-maharashtra-minister-114062600320_1.html |archive-date=2025-01-26 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

The Ministry is headed by a [[Cabinet (government)|cabinet level]] Minister. '''[[Atul Save]]''' is Current Minister of Dairy Development [[Government of Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who's Who {{!}} Energy Department {{!}} India |url=https://energy.maharashtra.gov.in/en/whos-who/ |access-date=2026-04-23 |language=en}}</ref>

==Head office==
{{Infobox political post
| insignia = Seal of Maharashtra (1).svg
| insigniasize = 150px
| insigniacaption = [[Emblem of India]]
| department = '''Ministry of Dairy Development (Maharashtra)'''
| style = [[The Honourable]]
| post = {{big|Minister of Dairy Development}} '''मंत्री दुग्ध व्यवसाय विकास विभाग'''
|image=
| incumbent = [[Atul Save]]
| member_of = State Cabinet
| reports_to = '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]''', 
'''[[Maharashtra Legislature]]'''
| seat = [[Mantralaya, Mumbai]]
| appointer = '''[[Governor of Maharashtra|Governor]]''' on the advice of the '''[[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]'''
| termlength = 5 years
| inaugural = '''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' 
(1960-1962)
| precursor = '''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' 
(2024 - 2024)
| deputy =
* '''Vacant, TBD'''
since 29 June 2022
| formation = 1 May 1960
| body =
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flagsize = 110px
| flagcaption = [[Flag of India]]
| flagborder = yes
| website =
| abbreviation = Cabinet Minister
| incumbentsince = 21 December 2024
}}

==Cabinet Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="10"| Minister of Dairy Development
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 May}} 1960
|{{small|07 March}} 1962
!{{ayd|1960|05|01|1962|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Yashwantrao Chavan ministry (Maharashtra)|'''Yashwantrao I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Yashwantrao Chavan 2010 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Yashwantrao Chavan]]
|-
|02
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 March}} 1962
|{{small|19 November}} 1962
!{{ayd|1962|03|08|1962|11|19}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Yashwantrao Chavan ministry|'''Yashwantrao II''']]
|-
|03
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Desai]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Patan, Maharashtra Assembly constituency|Patan Constituency No. 261]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|20 November}} 1962
|{{small|24 November}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|20|1963|11|24}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Kannamwar ministry|'''Kannamwar l''']]
|[[Marotrao Kannamwar]]
|-
|04
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Chiplun Assembly constituency|Chiplun Constituency No. 265]]- [[Ratnagiri District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Interim Chief Minister)
|{{small|25 November}} 1962
|{{small|04 December}} 1963
!{{ayd|1962|11|25|1962|12|04}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[P. K. Sawant ministry|'''Sawant''']]
|[[P. K. Sawant|Parashuram Krishnaji Sawant]]
|-
|05
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|05 December}} 1963
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
!{{ayd|1963|12|05|1967|03|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao I''']]
|rowspan="6" |[[File:Vasantrao Naik portrait.jpg|75px]] [[Vasantrao Naik]]
|-
|06
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Gopalrao Bajirao Khedkar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Akot Assembly constituency|Akot Constituency No. 28]]- [[Akola District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 March}} 1967
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
!{{ayd|1967|03|01|1969|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao II''']]
|-
|07
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Narendra Mahipati Tidke''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1969
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
!{{ayd|1969|10|27|1972|03|13}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|08
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Shankarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhokar Assembly constituency|Bhokar Constituency No. 85]]- [[Nanded District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|13 March}} 1972
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
!{{ayd|1972|03|13|1973|04|14}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantrao Naik ministry|'''Vasantrao III''']]
|-
|09
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''M. B. Popat''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Dhobitalao Constituency No. 160]]- [[Mumbai City District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 April}} 1973
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
!{{ayd|1973|04|04|1974|03|17}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|10
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Yashwantrao Mohite]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|17 Match}} 1974
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
!{{ayd|1974|03|17|1975|02|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|11
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shankarrao Bajirao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur Constituency No. 220]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 February}} 1975
|{{small|16 April}} 1977
!{{ayd|1975|02|21|1977|04|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao I''']]
|rowspan="1"| [[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India.jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|12
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|17 April }} 1977
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
!{{ayd|1977|04|17|1979|03|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#88CEEB"|[[First Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|13
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress (U)}}"|
|
|'''[[Sundarrao Solanke]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Majalgaon Assembly constituency|Majalgaon Constituency No. 229]]- [[Beed District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 March}} 1978
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
!{{ayd|1978|03|07|1978|07|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress (U)]]
| rowspan="1" bgcolor="#A3A3FF"|[[Second Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada II''']]
|-
|14
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Peasants and Workers Party of India}}"|
|
|'''Narayan Dnyandev Patil''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Kolhapur Constituency No. 273]]- [[Kolhapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 July}} 1978
|{{small|25 May}} 1979
!{{ayd|1978|07|18|1979|05|25}}
|[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#66FF66"| [[First Pawar ministry|'''Pawar I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Union Minister for Agriculture and Food Processing Industries, Shri Sharad Pawar addressing at the launch of the Sahana Group’s New Marathi Channel “Jai Maharashtra”, in Mumbai on April 27, 2013 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|15
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian Congress (Socialist)}}"|
|[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Sushilkumar Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur City Central Assembly constituency|Solapur City Central Constituency No. 249]]- [[Solapur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 May}} 1979
|{{small|17 February}} 1980
!{{ayd|1979|05|25|1980|02|17}}
|[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]
|-
|16
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nilanga Assembly constituency|Nilanga Constituency No. 238]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 June}} 1980
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
!{{ayd|1980|06|09|1982|01|21}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Antulay ministry|'''Antulay''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:A. R. Antulay with Shivraj Patil (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[A. R. Antulay|Abdul Rahman Antulay]]
|-
|17
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Baliram Waman Hiray''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Malegaon Outer Assembly constituency|Dabhadi Constituency No. 74]]- [[Nashik District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 January}} 1982
|{{small|02 February}} 1983
!{{ayd|1982|01|21|1983|02|02}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Bhosale ministry|'''Bhosale''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Babasaheb Bhosale.png|75px]] [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
|-
|18
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Sudhakarrao Naik]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pusad Assembly constituency|Pusad Constituency No. 81]]- [[Yavatmal District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 February}} 1983
|{{small|05 March}} 1985
!{{ayd|1983|02|07|1985|03|05}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]] [[Vasantdada Patil]]
|-
|19
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vasantdada Patil (1977).jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vasantdada Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangli Assembly constituency|Sangli Constituency No. 282]]- [[Sangli District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|12 March}} 1985
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
!{{ayd|1985|03|12|1985|06|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Vasantdada Patil ministry|'''Vasantdada IV''']]
|-
|20
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Anantrao Thopte''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor Constituency No. 203]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 June}} 1985
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
!{{ayd|1985|06|03|1986|03|12}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Nilangekar ministry|'''Nilangekar''']]
|rowspan="1"|[[Shivajirao Patil Nilangekar]]
|-
|21
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Bhagwantrao Gaikwad''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Kalameshwar Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|12 March}} 1986
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
!{{ayd|1986|03|12|1988|06|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Shankarrao Chavan ministry|'''Shankarrao II''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Shankarrao Chavan 2007 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
|-
|22
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Datta Meghe]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 15 - [[Wardha District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|26 June}} 1988
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
!{{ayd|1988|06|26|1990|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Pawar ministry|'''Pawar II''']]
|rowspan="3" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|23
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 1990
|{{small|25 January}} 1991
!{{ayd|1990|03|03|1991|01|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Third Pawar ministry|'''Pawar III''']]
|-
|24
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Anantrao Thopte''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Bhor Assembly constituency|Bhor Constituency No. 203]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 January}} 1991
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|01|25|1991|06|25}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|25
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Vilasrao Balkrishna Patil Undhalkar''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Karad South Assembly constituency|Karad South Constituency No. 260]]- [[Satara District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|25 June}} 1991
|{{small|30 December}} 1991
!{{ayd|1991|06|25|1991|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sudhakarrao Naik ministry|'''Sudhakarrao''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[Sudhakarrao Naik]]
|-
|26
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''Madhukarrao Pichad''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Akole Constituency No. 213]]- [[Ahmednagar District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|06 March}} 1993
|{{small|18 November}} 1994
!{{ayd|1993|03|06|1994|11|18}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Fourth Pawar ministry|'''Pawar IV''']]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Sharad Govindrao Pawar.jpg|75px]] [[Sharad Pawar]]
|-
|27
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Malvan Constituency No. 269]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 March}} 1995
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
!{{ayd|1995|03|14|1999|02|01}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Manohar Joshi ministry|'''Joshi''']]
|rowspan="1" | [[File:Manohar Joshi cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Manohar Joshi]]
|-
|28
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|
|'''[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi Constituency No. 218]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|01 February}} 1999
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|02|01|1999|05|11}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Narayan Rane ministry|'''Rane''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Narayan Rane]]
|-
|29
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"|
|[[File:Narayan Rane (cropped).jpg|80px]]
|'''[[Narayan Rane]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kudal Assembly constituency|Malvan Constituency No. 269]]- [[Sindhudurg District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|11 May}} 1999
|{{small|17 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|05|11|1999|10|17}}
|[[Shiv Sena]]
|-
|30
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|19 October}} 1999
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
!{{ayd|1999|10|19|1999|10|27}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh I''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|31
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Anand Devkate''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South Constituency No. 251]]- [[Solapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|27 October}} 1999
|{{small|16 January}} 2003
!{{ayd|1999|10|27|2003|01|16}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|32
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Anand Devkate''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Solapur South Assembly constituency|Solapur South Constituency No. 251]]- [[Solapur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|18 January}} 2003
|{{small|03 March}} 2004
!{{ayd|2003|01|11|2004|03|03}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Sushilkumar Shinde ministry|'''Sushilkumar''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Shri Sushilkumar Shinde, in New Delhi on August 06, 2009 (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Sushilkumar Shinde]]
|-
|33
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Padamsinh Bajirao Patil (dr- Saheb) 2014-05-17 06-38.jpg|80px]]
| '''[[Padamsinh Bajirao Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Osmanabad Assembly constituency|Osmanabad Constituency No. 242]]- [[Osmanabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|03 March}} 2004
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|03|03|2004|11|01}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|-
|34
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Latur City Assembly constituency|Latur City Constituency No. 235]]- [[Latur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister)
|{{small|01 November}} 2004
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
!{{ayd|2004|11|01|2004|11|09}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Deshmukh ministry|'''Deshmukh II''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Vilasrao_Deshmukh_at_Innovation_Partnerships_Event_May_8,_2012.jpg|75px]] [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
|-
|35
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''Anees Ahmed''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur Central Assembly constituency|Nagpur Central Constituency No. 55]]- [[Nagpur District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|09 November}} 2004
|{{small|01 December}} 2008
!{{ayd|2004|11|09|2008|12|01}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|36
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Ravisheth Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Pen Assembly constituency|Pen Constituency No. 191]]- [[Raigad District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 December}} 2008
|{{small|06 November}} 2009
!{{ayd|2008|12|08|2009|11|06}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[First Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok I''']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Ashok Chavan With Coat.jpeg|80px]] [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
|37
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Nitin Raut.jpeg|75px]]
| '''[[Nitin Raut]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur North Assembly constituency|Nagpur North Constituency No. 57]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 November}} 2009
|{{small|10 November}} 2010
!{{ayd|2009|11|07|2010|11|10}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="1"bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Second Ashok Chavan ministry|'''Ashok II''']]
|-
|38
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Madhukarrao Chavan]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Tuljapur Assembly constituency|Tuljapur Constituency No. 241]] - [[Dharashiv district|Dharashiv District]] Also Previously Known [[Osmanabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|11 November}} 2010
|{{small|07 June}} 2014
!{{ayd|2010|11|11|2014|07|07}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="#87CEEB"| [[Prithviraj Chavan ministry|'''Prithviraj''']]
|rowspan="2"| [[File:Prithviraj Chavan - India Economic Summit 2011.jpg|80px]] [[Prithviraj Chavan]]
|-
|39
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
| '''[[Abdul Sattar (Maharashtra politician)|Abdul Sattar Abdul Nabi]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sillod Assembly constituency|Sillod Constituency No. 104]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|07 June}} 2014
|{{small|26 September}} 2014
!{{ayd|2014|07|07|2014|09|26}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|40
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Eknath Khadse]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Muktainagar Assembly constituency|Muktainagar Constituency No. 20]]- [[Jalgaon District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|31 October}} 2014
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
!{{ayd|2014|10|31|2016|06|04}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[First Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis I''']]
|rowspan="4" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|41
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Pankja Gopinath Munde.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Pankaja Munde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Parli Assembly constituency|Parli Constituency No. 233]]- [[Beed District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|04 June}} 2016
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
!{{ayd|2016|06|04|2016|07|08}}
|rowspan="1"|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|42
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Rashtriya Samaj Paksha}}"|
|
| '''[[Mahadev Jankar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|MLC]] for Elected by MLAs Constituency No. 30 - [[Parbhani District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Legislative Council]])'''''}}
|{{small|08 July}} 2016
|{{small|12 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2016|07|08|2019|11|12}}
|[[Rashtriya Samaj Paksha]]
|-
|43
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|-
|44
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|
|'''[[Balasaheb Thorat]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Sangamner Assembly constituency|Sangamner Constituency No. 217]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|28|2019|12|30}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
|45
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[File:Sunil Kedar.jpg|75px]]
| '''[[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Savner Assembly constituency|Savner Constituency No. 49]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|46
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Eknath Shinde]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Kopri-Pachpakhadi Assembly constituency|Kopri-Pachpakhadi Constituency No. 147]]- [[Thane District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2022|08|14}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
|47
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Shirdi Assembly constituency|Shirdi Constituency No. 218]]- [[Ahmednagar District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|14 August}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|07|14|2024|11|26}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|48
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[File:Devendra Fadnavis @Vidhan Sabha 04-03-2021.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Devendra Fadnavis]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Nagpur South West Assembly constituency|Nagpur South West Constituency No. 52]]- [[Nagpur District]]) '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}} (Chief_Minister) ''In Charge''
|{{small|05 December}} 2024
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
!{{ayd|2024|12|05|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|49
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Atul Save]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Aurangabad East Assembly constituency|Aurangabad East Constituency No. 109]]- [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar District]] Also Previously Known [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''Incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|}

==Ministers of State ==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2" |No.
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:16em" |Deputy Minister {{small|(Constituency)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Ministry
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Minister
! rowspan="2" style="width:9em" |Chief Minister
|-
!style="width:6em"| From
!style="width:6em"| To
!Period
|-
!colspan="11"| Deputy Minister of Dairy Development
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant'''''
|{{small|23 November}} 2019
|{{small|28 November}} 2019
!{{ayd|2019|11|23|2019|11|28}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Second Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis II''']]
|[[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|01
|style="color:inherit;background:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
|[[File:Dattatray Bharane.jpg|75px]]
|'''[[Dattatray Vithoba Bharne]]''' {{small|([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA]] for [[Indapur Assembly constituency|Indapur Constituency No. 200]]- [[Pune District]] '''''([[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]])'''''}}
|{{small|30 December}} 2019
|{{small|29 June}} 2022
!{{ayd|2019|12|30|2022|06|29}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena}}"| [[Thackeray ministry|'''Thackeray''']]
| [[Sunil Chhatrapal Kedar]]
|rowspan="1" |[[File:The Chief Minister of Maharashtra, Shri Uddhav Thackeray calling on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on February 21, 2020 (Uddhav Thackeray) (cropped).jpg|75px]] [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
|-
!colspan="04"| '''''Vacant '''''
|{{small|30 June}} 2022
|{{small|26 November}} 2024
!{{ayd|2022|06|30|2024|11|26}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Eknath Shinde ministry|'''Eknath''']]
|
*[[Eknath Shinde]] (2022 - 2022)
*[[Radhakrishna Vikhe Patil]] (2022 – 2024)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde with PM Narendra Modi Cropped.jpg|75px]] [[Eknath Shinde]]
|-
!colspan="04"| ''''' Vacant'''''
|{{small|21 December}} 2024
|''incumbent''
!{{ayd|2024|12|21}}
|NA
|rowspan="1" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"| [[Third Fadnavis ministry|'''Fadnavis III''']]
| rowspan="1"|[[Atul Save]] (2024 – Present)
|rowspan="1" |[[File:Eknath Shinde and Devendra Fadnavis with PM Narendra Modi Cropped(2).jpg|75px]] [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
|-
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{State agencies of Maharashtra}}

[[Category:1960 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Government of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Subnational livestock ministries|Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1960]]

1996 Indian general election

2026-04-21T22:18:15Z

LavernChitwood1: updated formatting further and fixed typos for clarity

{{short description|none}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| previous_election = 1991 Indian general election
| previous_year = 1991
| next_election = 1998 Indian general election
| next_year = 1998
| election_date = 27 April, 2 May and 7 May 1996
| seats_for_election = 543 of the 545 seats in the [[Lok Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 272
| registered = 592,572,288
| turnout = 57.94% ({{increase}} 1.21[[Percentage point|pp]])
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Atal Bihari Vajpayee 2004 (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader1 = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| last_election1 = 20.07%, 120 seats
| seats1 = '''161'''
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 41
| popular_vote1 = 67,950,851
| percentage1 = 20.29%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 0.18[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=P. V. Narasimha Rao.JPG|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader2 = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| last_election2 = 36.40%, 244 seats
| seats2 = 140
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 104
| popular_vote2 = '''96,455,493'''
| percentage2 = '''28.80%'''
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 7.46[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=H. D. Deve Gowda BNC.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=0}}
| leader4 = [[H. D. Deve Gowda]]
| alliance4 = [[United Front (India, 1996)|UF]]
| party4 = Janata Dal
| last_election4 = 11.73%, 59 seats
| seats4 = 46
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 13
| popular_vote4 = 27,070,340
| percentage4 = 8.08%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 3.76[[Percentage point|pp]]
| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Surjith-6.JPG|bSize=250|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=60|oTop=60}}
| leader5 = [[Harkishan Singh Surjeet]]
| alliance5 = [[United Front (India, 1996)|UF]]
| party5 = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
| last_election5 = 6.16%, 35 seats
| seats5 = 32
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 3
| popular_vote5 = 20,496,810
| percentage5 = 6.12%
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 0.04[[Percentage point|pp]]
| map_image = Wahlergebnisse Indien 1996.svg
| map_caption = Results by constituency
| title = [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]]
| posttitle = Prime Minister after election
| before_election = [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress
| after_election = [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| after_party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| outgoing_members = List of members of the 10th Lok Sabha
| elected_members = List of members of the 11th Lok Sabha | 1blank = Alliance seats | 1data1 = '''187''' | 1data2 = 143
}}

General elections were held in [[India]] on 27 April, 2 May and 7 May 1996 to elect the members of the [[11th Lok Sabha|eleventh]] [[Lok Sabha]].

The elections resulted in a hung parliament with no single party having a majority.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/the-united-front-experiment-elections-that-shaped-india-1996-1998-elections/article67707166.ece|title=Elections that shaped India, The United Front experiment (1996-98)|work=The Hindu |date=7 April 2024 |last1=Karthikeyan |first1=Suchitra }}</ref> The [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], which had won the most seats despite finishing second in the popular vote, formed a short-lived government under Prime Minister [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. However, two weeks later the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front]] coalition was able to secure a parliamentary majority and [[H. D. Deve Gowda]] of [[Janata Dal]] became prime minister. In 1997 [[Inder Kumar Gujral]], also from the United Front, succeeded Gowda as prime minister. Due to the instability, [[1998 Indian general election|early elections]] were held in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/1952-2019-lok-sabha-election-results-history-9369279/|title=1952 to 2019: A look at India's general election results so far|date=4 June 2024 }}</ref> The elections were the first since 1980 in which every states' seats were elected in a single election period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/lok-sabha-general-elections-2019/inkredible-india-the-story-of-1996-lok-sabha-election-all-you-need-to-know-2198293.html|title=INKredible India: The story of 1996 Lok Sabha election - All you need to know}}</ref>

==Background==
The [[Indian National Congress]] government of Prime Minister [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] came into the election on the back of several government scandals like the [[1992 Indian stock market scam]] and accusations of mismanagement. Seven cabinet members had resigned during the previous term, and Rao himself faced charges of corruption. The Congress(I) more generally had been plagued in recent years by a series of splits, conflicts and factional disputes that had seen various key regional parties and figures abandon the party. In particular, the high-profile May 1995 defection of [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] and [[Narayan Datt Tiwari]] to form the new [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]] party underscored the internal divisions within the Congress (Indira).

The government was further weakened by a series of major scandals breaking less than 12 months from the election. In July 1995 it was found a former Congress(I) youth leader had murdered his wife and tried to destroy the evidence by stuffing her corpse into a [[tandoor]] (clay oven). In August 1995 the [[Vohra Report]] was finally released to the parliament, decrying that a politician-criminal nexus was "virtually running a parallel government, pushing the state apparatus into irrelevance".<ref>{{cite book|last=Vohra|first=N|title=The Vohra Committee Report|date=October 1993|chapter= Chapter 3.4, pp.3}}</ref> Government credibility fell further still when in late 1995 violence significantly worsened in the [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Kashmir]] region, and sporadic fighting and ethnic tensions boiled over in [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] province. As a result of the scandals, the Rao government went into the 1996 election at a low of ebb of public support.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vohra|first=Ranbir|title=The Making of India|year=2001 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk|pages=282–284|isbn=978-0-7656-0712-6}}</ref>

==Campaign==
The elections triggered a significant realignment of political forces in Indians, with all-India parties attempting to construct widespread regional coalitions with minor parties in order to secure a central majority. Such political negotiations were to become an increasingly necessary process in Indian politics over the next two decades as the dominance of the INC(I) declined and smaller, ethnic and regional parties took its place. The Bharatiya Janata Party, led by [[Lal Krishna Advani]] attempted to add several regional coalition partners - most notably the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] and the [[Bahujan Samaj Party]], but was ultimately unsuccessful in overcoming ideological differences. Yet it did join with several strong regional partners - [[Shiv Sena]], [[Haryana Vikas Party]], and the [[Samata Party]]. The Congress(I) party attempted to form regional allies as well, most notably with the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Heath|first=Oliver|title=Parties and Party Politics in India|editor=Zoya Hasan|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New Delhi|year=2006|isbn=978-0-19-566833-9|series=Oxford India Paperbacks|chapter=Anatomy of the BJP's Rise to Power: Social, Regional and Political Expansion in 1990s}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Wallace|first=Paul|author2=Ramashray Roy|title=India's 1999 Elections and 20th Century Politics|publisher=Sage|year=2003|isbn=978-0-7619-9598-2}}</ref>

The so-called "Third Force" during the 1996 elections was the [[National Front (India)|National Front]]. After its collapse in 1990, the coalition had chopped and changed before reuniting in the run up to the 1996 election. Three main parties grouped back together in September 1995 in hopes of presenting a viable political choice - the Communist parties like the [[Communist Party of India]] and [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]], [[Janata Dal]] and the [[Telugu Desam Party]]. It attempted to build a wider coalition of regional partners and state parties, however negotiations repeatedly broke down, and no consensus could be arrived at on a 'common minimum program' - a platform of issues on which all parties could agree upon. A split in the Uttar Pradesh government in December 1995 divided the front further. Finally, lacking a strong leader or common set of principles, the main three parties joined with the [[Samajwadi Party]] in a common goal of simply denying power to either the Congress(I) or BJP. Thus a characteristic of the 1996 elections was a large number of strong regional and state parties declined to form an alliance with any of the three major contenders for government.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pai|first=Sudha|title= Transformation of the Indian Party System: The 1996 Lok Sabha Elections|journal=Asian Survey|year=1996|publisher=University of California Press|volume=36|issue=12|pages=1177–1179|doi=10.2307/2645573|jstor=2645573 }}</ref>

In January, only a few months before the election, a major scandal erupted: the [[Hawala scandal|Jain hawala]] scandal. Jain, an industrialist in the steel and power sectors, was revealed to have given US$33 million in bribes to politicians from nearly all major parties in return for favours. Further shocking the public, Jain had also channelled money to Kashmiri Muslim militants. In the first wave of names implicated were three Rao cabinet members, [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] from the breakaway Congress (T) party, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] leader [[Lal Krishna Advani]], [[Sharad Yadav]] (leader of the [[Janata Dal]] parliamentary party), and former Congress(I) Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]]. Almost 115 names would eventually be released, and numerous candidates and ministers were forced to resign in the aftermath. Most significantly was the resignation of L.K. Advani as [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], though he continued to lead the election campaigning as the BJP's president.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vohra|first=Ranbir|title=The Making of India|year=2001 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk|pages=288–290|isbn=978-0-7656-0712-6}}</ref>

The BJP ran a campaign centred around a four-point plan which aimed for probity of public life, self-reliance in the economy, social harmony and greater security. It strongly advocated an economic plan which would significantly scale back government intervention and encourage capital investment and creation. In the backdrop of the 1992 [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]], BJP stressed on the role of [[Hindutva]] in its vision for India, creating a more Hindu-orientated state by removing the provisions of [[Secularism in India|secularism]] and making [[Hinduism]] the country's [[state religion]], implementing a nationwide ban on [[Cattle slaughter in India|cow slaughter]], abolishing [[Family law|personal laws]] of non-Hindus by introducing a [[Uniform Civil Code|uniform civil code]] and removing the [[Article 370 of the Constitution of India|special status of Kashmir]] alongside construction of the [[Ram Mandir|''Ram-mandir'']] as its main agenda. The Congress(I) Party attempted to campaign on its foreign policy record, its handling of the numerous natural and ethnic crises that had emerged over the past five years, and on better concessions for ethnic minorities and empowering the state governments. It additionally stressed the economic gains already made by the government due to its liberalization policies post 1992. However it drew flak for promising re-construction of the demolished mosque at the [[Ram Janmabhoomi|disputed site of Ayodhya]] in its electoral manifesto, leading the BJP to accuse the Congress (Indira) of indulging in Muslim appeasement and fostering [[Anti-Hindu sentiment|Hinduphobia]]. The Janata Dal and the National Front campaigned on maintaining a strong public sector though with some commitment to deregulation and anti-corruption measures while committing to implement the [[Mandal Commission]] report. It also pushed other more populist measures as well, such as more state-run infrastructure projects, subsidised fertilizer, and increased education investment.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vohra|first=Ranbir|title=The Making of India|year=2001 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe|location=Armonk|pages=290–293|isbn=978-0-7656-0712-6}}</ref>

==Results==
{{Main list|Results of the 1996 Indian general election}}
The BJP capitalised on the communal polarisation that followed the demolition of Babri Masjid to win 161 Lok Sabha seats, making it the largest party in parliament. [[L.K. Advani]], whose aggressive campaigning as BJP president is widely credited with these results.<ref>{{citation |last=Guha |first=Ramachandra |author-link=Ramachandra Guha |title=India after Gandhi: the history of the world's largest democracy |year=2007 |publisher=Picador |location=India |isbn=978-0-330-39610-3 |title-link=India after Gandhi |page=633}}</ref> The election delivered an unclear mandate and resulted in a [[hung parliament]]. Although Congress continued to remain the single largest party in terms of voteshare, it was for the first time since the [[1951-52 Indian general election|country's first general elections]] that the Congress' voteshare fell below 30% on a national scale. The Congress also for the first time in its existence, won fewer than 150 seats in a general election, surpassing the record of 154 seats in the [[1977 Indian general election|1977 general elections]]. Hence the result was considered as the worst result of the Congress party in its history to that date, with commentators blaming the poor result on the personal unpopularity of Prime Minister Rao and the numerous internal divisions that had dogged the party alongside the religious polarisation fueled by the BJP under the [[Ayodhya dispute]]. Congress(I) was almost wiped out in its traditional strongholds of [[Uttar Pradesh]] & [[Bihar]] with many stalwarts like [[Ram Lakhan Singh Yadav]], [[Jagannath Mishra]], [[Satyendra Narayan Sinha]] suffered electoral setbacks inflicted by both Janata Dal & BJP.<ref>[https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19960531-elections-1996-11th-lok-sabha-elections-saw-eclipse-of-the-national-constituency-syndrome-832983-1996-05-30 Elections 1996: 11th Lok Sabha elections saw eclipse of the National Constituency syndrome] India Today, 31 May 1996</ref> The BJP became the largest party within the [[Lok Sabha]], a first for a non-Congress party, although it secured neither a significant increase in the popular vote or enough seats to secure a parliamentary majority.<ref name="Hardgrave1996">{{cite web|url=http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/india/indianelection.html |title=1996 Indian Parliamentary Elections: What Happened? What Next? |last=Hardgrave |first=Robert |year=1996 |publisher=University of Texas |access-date=12 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807161934/http://asnic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/india/indianelection.html |archive-date=7 August 2008 }}</ref>

{{Election results
|image=[[File:Lok Sabha Zusammensetzung 1996.svg|350px]]
|party1=[[Indian National Congress]]|votes1=96455493|seats1=140|sc1=
|party2=[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]|votes2=67950851|seats2=161|sc2=
|party3=[[Janata Dal]]|votes3=27070340|seats3=46|sc3=
|party4=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]|votes4=20496810|seats4=32|sc4=
|party5=[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]|votes5=13453235|seats5=11|sc5=
|party6=[[Samajwadi Party]]|votes6=10989241|seats6=17|sc6=
|party7=[[Telugu Desam Party]]|votes7=9931826|seats7=16|sc7=
|party8=[[Tamil Maanila Congress]]|votes8=7339982|seats8=20|sc8=
|party9=[[Samata Party]]|votes9=7256086|seats9=8|sc9=
|party10=[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes10=7151381|seats10=17|sc10=
|party11=[[Communist Party of India]]|votes11=6582263|seats11=12|sc11=
|party12=[[Shiv Sena]]|votes12=4989994|seats12=15|sc12=
|party13=[[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]]|votes13=4903070|seats13=4|sc13=
|party14=[[NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)]]|votes14=3249267|seats14=0|sc14=
|party15=[[Asom Gana Parishad]]|votes15=2560506|seats15=5|sc15=
|party16=[[Shiromani Akali Dal]]|votes16=2534979|seats16=8|sc16=
|party17=[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes17=2130286|seats17=0|sc17=
|party18=[[Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)|Revolutionary Socialist Party]]|votes18=2105469|seats18=5|sc18=
|party19=[[Republican Party of India]]|votes19=1454363|seats19=0|sc19=
|party20=[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]|votes20=1287072|seats20=1|sc20=
|party21=[[All India Forward Bloc]]|votes21=1279492|seats21=3|sc21=
|party22=[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]|votes22=1235812|seats22=0|sc22=
|party23=[[Haryana Vikas Party]]|votes23=1156322|seats23=3|sc23=
|party24=[[Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) Liberation]]|votes24=808065|seats24=0|sc24=
|party25=[[Indian Union Muslim League]]|votes25=757316|seats25=2|sc25=
|party26=[[Janata Party]]|votes26=631021|seats26=0|sc26=
|party27=[[Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee|Karnataka Congress Party]]|votes27=581868|seats27=1|sc27=
|party28=[[Pattali Makkal Katchi]]|votes28=571910|seats28=0|sc28=
|party29=[[Peasants and Workers Party of India]]|votes29=437805|seats29=0|sc29=
|party30=[[Indian Congress (Socialist)]]|votes30=404261|seats30=0|sc30=
|party31=[[Kerala Congress (M)]]|votes31=382319|seats31=1|sc31=
|party32=[[All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen]]|votes32=340070|seats32=1|sc32=
|party33=[[Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)|Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)]]|votes33=339520|seats33=0|sc33=
|party34=[[Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee|Madhya Pradesh Vikas Congress]]|votes34=337539|seats34=1|sc34=
|party35=[[Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh]]|votes35=329695|seats35=0|sc35=
|party36=[[Kerala Congress]]|votes36=320539|seats36=0|sc36=
|party37=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Mardi)|votes37=299055|seats37=0|sc37=
|party38=[[United Minorities Front, Assam]]|votes38=244571|seats38=0|sc38=
|party39=[[Apna Dal (Kamerawadi)|Apna Dal]]|votes39=222669|seats39=0|sc39=
|party40=[[Autonomous State Demand Committee]]|votes40=180112|seats40=1|sc40=
|party41=[[Forward Bloc (Socialist)]]|votes41=172685|seats41=0|sc41=
|party42=Gujarat Adijati Vikash Paksh|votes42=166003|seats42=0|sc42=
|party44=[[Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party]]|votes44=129220|seats44=1|sc44=
|party45=[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]|votes45=124218|seats45=1|sc45=
|party46=[[Federal Party of Manipur]]|votes46=120557|seats46=0|sc46=
|party47=[[Marxist Co-ordination Committee]]|votes47=114406|seats47=0|sc47=
|party48=Krantikari Samajwadi Manch|votes48=113975|seats48=0|sc48=
|party49=[[Mizo National Front]]|votes49=111710|seats49=0|sc49=
|party50=[[United Goans Democratic Party]]|votes50=109346|seats50=1|sc50=
|party51=Jharkhand Party (Naren)|votes51=102111|seats51=0|sc51=
|party52=Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party|votes52=99599|seats52=0|sc52=
|party53=Savarn Samaj Party|votes53=84725|seats53=0|sc53=
|party54=[[Jharkhand Party]]|votes54=78907|seats54=0|sc54=
|party55=[[Majlis Bachao Tahreek]]|votes55=78335|seats55=0|sc55=
|party56=[[Nag Vidarbha Andolan Samiti]]|votes56=66065|seats56=0|sc56=
|party57=[[Peoples Democratic Party (India)|Peoples Democratic Party]]|votes57=65641|seats57=0|sc57=
|party58=[[Amra Bangali]]|votes58=65595|seats58=0|sc58=
|party59=Mahabharat People's Party|votes59=64266|seats59=0|sc59=
|party60=[[Chhattisgarh Mukti Morcha]]|votes60=60361|seats60=0|sc60=
|party61=[[Jharkhand People's Party]]|votes61=58132|seats61=0|sc61=
|party62=[[Bahujan Samaj Party (Ambedkar)]]|votes62=52585|seats62=0|sc62=
|party63=[[Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti]]|votes63=52300|seats63=0|sc63=
|party64=[[Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh]]|votes64=49978|seats64=0|sc64=
|party65=Satya Marg Party|votes65=48056|seats65=0|sc65=
|party66=[[Sikkim Sangram Parishad]]|votes66=42175|seats66=0|sc66=
|party67=Lok Hit Party|votes67=37127|seats67=0|sc67=
|party68=[[United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front]]|votes68=34803|seats68=0|sc68=
|party69=Pavitra Hindustan Kaazhagam|votes69=34147|seats69=0|sc69=
|party70=[[Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)]]|votes70=33900|seats70=0|sc70=
|party71=Kannada Chalevali Vatal Paksha|votes71=31136|seats71=0|sc71=
|party72=Akhil Bharatiya Bhrastachar Normoolan Sena|votes72=30970|seats72=0|sc72=
|party73=[[Hul Jharkhand Party]]|votes73=30220|seats73=0|sc73=
|party74=Bhoomijotak Samooh|votes74=29874|seats74=0|sc74=
|party75=Proutist Sarva Samaj Samiti|votes75=26403|seats75=0|sc75=
|party76=Akhil Bhartiya Loktantra Party|votes76=25131|seats76=0|sc76=
|party77=[[Republican Party of India (Athawale)]]|votes77=22640|seats77=0|sc77=
|party78=Uttar Pradesh Republican Party|votes78=22515|seats78=0|sc78=
|party79=Anaithinthiya Thamizhaga Munnetra Kazhag|votes79=19394|seats79=0|sc79=
|party80=New India Party|votes80=19135|seats80=0|sc80=
|party81=Bhatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh|votes81=17744|seats81=0|sc81=
|party82=[[Indian National League]]|votes82=15954|seats82=0|sc82=
|party83=Jan Parishad|votes83=15112|seats83=0|sc83=
|party84=Rashtriya Nayay Party|votes84=13160|seats84=0|sc84=
|party85=[[Lokdal]]|votes85=11957|seats85=0|sc85=
|party86=Shoshit Samaj Dal|votes86=11937|seats86=0|sc86=
|party87=Bahujan Kranti Dal (JAI)|votes87=11735|seats87=0|sc87=
|party88=Mahakushal Vikas Party|votes88=11152|seats88=0|sc88=
|party89=Jansatta Party|votes89=10901|seats89=0|sc89=
|party90=[[Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh]]|votes90=10657|seats90=0|sc90=
|party91=[[Republican Party of India (Democratic)]]|votes91=10072|seats91=0|sc91=
|party92=[[Gondwana Ganatantra Party]]|votes92=9985|seats92=0|sc92=
|party93=Pragtisheel Manav Samaj Party|votes93=9974|seats93=0|sc93=
|party94=Akhil Bharatiya Berozgaar Party|votes94=9813|seats94=0|sc94=
|party95=Janhit Morcha|votes95=9404|seats95=0|sc95=
|party96=[[Hindustan Janata Party]]|votes96=9208|seats96=0|sc96=
|party97=Rashtriya Samajwadi Party 'pragatisheel'|votes97=8779|seats97=0|sc97=
|party98=Lok Party|votes98=8758|seats98=0|sc98=
|party99=Pachim Banga Rajya Muslim League|votes99=8624|seats99=0|sc99=
|party100=[[Republican Party of India (Khobragade)]]|votes100=8491|seats100=0|sc100=
|party101=Akhil Bhartiya Janata Vikas Party|votes101=7726|seats101=0|sc101=
|party102=Arya Sabha|votes102=7563|seats102=0|sc102=
|party103=Bharatiya Jan Sabha|votes103=7338|seats103=0|sc103=
|party104=Republican Presidium Party of India|votes104=7298|seats104=0|sc104=
|party105=Bahujan Kranti Dal|votes105=6968|seats105=0|sc105=
|party106=Political Party of National Management Service|votes106=6667|seats106=0|sc106=
|party107=Rashtriya Surajya Parishad|votes107=6000|seats107=0|sc107=
|party108=Samajwadi Janata Party (Maharashtra)|votes108=5784|seats108=0|sc108=
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|party181=Bharat Jan Party|votes181=505|seats181=0|sc181=
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|row212=Nominated [[Anglo-Indians]]|seats212=2
|invalid=8434804
|electorate=592572288
|source=[https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4123-general-election-1996-vol-i-ii/ ECI]
}}

==Aftermath==
Following [[Westminster system|Westminster]] custom, [[President of India|President]] [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] invited Atal Bihari Vajpayee as leader of the BJP to form a government. Sworn in on 15 May, the new prime minister was given two weeks to prove majority support in parliament. In the weeks leading up to the first [[Motion of no confidence|confidence vote]] on 31 May, the BJP attempted to build a coalition by moderating positions to garner support from regional and Muslim parties, however sectarian issues and fears of certain nationalist policies of the BJP hampered efforts. On 28 May, Vajpayee conceded that he could not arrange support from more than 200 of the 545 members of parliament, and thus resigned rather than face the confidence vote, ending his 13-day government.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9605/28/india/index.html |title=India's prime minister resigns after 13 days |website=CNN |date=28 May 1996 |access-date=12 December 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040825063513/http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/9605/28/india/index.html |archive-date=25 August 2004 }}</ref>

The second largest party, the Indian National Congress (Indira), also declined to form a government. After Janata Dal leader [[V. P. Singh]] refused to become prime minister for a second time, CPI(M) leader and [[West Bengal]] Chief Minister [[Jyoti Basu]] was approached by the National Front to be its prime ministerial face, but the [[Polit Bureau of the Communist Party of India (Marxist)|party politburo]] refused to endorse it (a decision which Basu later criticised as a "historic blunder") in order to affirm its commitment towards establishing ''[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]''. Basu put forward the name of Janata Dal leader and [[Karnataka]] Chief Minister H. D. Deve Gowda as the candidate for the Prime Minister post. Janata Dal and a bloc of smaller parties thus formed the [[United Front (India, 1996)|United Front government]],<ref name="Hardgrave1996" /> with outside support from INC(I). Gowda resigned on 21 April 1997 due to withdrawal of support by the Indian National Congress{{efn|After 1996 the Indian National Congress (Indira) dropped the suffix 'Indira' from its name, becoming known as Indian National Congress}} to pave way for [[Inder Kumar Gujral|I. K. Gujral]], who maintained good relations with the Congress.

However the [[Fodder Scam]] resulted in many United Front members demanding the resignation of [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]], an alliance partner and the then [[Chief Minister of Bihar]]. Yadav retaliated by breaking away from Janata Dal and forming [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]] (RJD) on 3 July 1997. Out of 45 Janata Dal members of parliament, 17 left the party and supported Yadav. However, the new party continued to support the United Front and Gujral's government was saved from immediate danger. Gujral resigned 11 months later when INC withdrew support from the government over Gujral's refusal to expel [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] from the government, whose leader [[M. Karunanidhi]] was implicated in assisting [[Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi|Rajiv Gandhi's assassination]] and the country went back to the polls in 1998.

==See also==
*[[List of members of the 11th Lok Sabha]]
*[[:Category:1996 Indian general election by state or union territory]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Indian elections}}

[[Category:1996 Indian general election| ]]
[[Category:April 1996 in India|General]]
[[Category:May 1996 in India|General]]
[[Category:1996 in Indian politics|General]]
[[Category:1996 elections in Asia|India]]
[[Category:General elections in India]]

Parthu

2026-04-21T09:53:50Z

LavernChitwood1: Added basic data and citations

{{Distinguish|Parthus}}
{{multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=September 2013}}
{{BLP one source|date=September 2013}}
}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Parthasarathy (Parthu)
| birth_name = Nemani Parthasarathy
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1974|09|24}}
| birth_place = [[Kakinada]], [[East Godavari district]]
| origin = [[Andhra Pradesh]], India
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer, music director
| years_active = 1997–present
| website = {{URL|parthu.co.in}}
}}

'''Parthasarathy Nemani''', (born 24 September 1974) popularly known as '''Parthu''', is an [[Indian film|Indian]] [[Telugu language|Telugu]] playback singer in [[Cinema of Andhra Pradesh|Tollywood]] with rich classical music background. Parthu has rendered more than 100 film songs and sung more than 2000 private songs in Telugu, [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Hindi]], and [[Kannada]]. Parthu is one of the very few Telugu playback singers who has performed internationally.

Parthu debuted as music director with a recent [[Telugu cinema|Telugu film]] and has also composed music for several fusion, [[Devotional song|devotional]] albums.

==Early life==
Parthasarathy Nemani (Parthu) was born in 1974 in a traditional Telugu family in [[Kakinada]], [[East Godavari District]], Andhra Pradesh, India.

Parthu began learning [[Carnatic classical music]] at the age of five and had his initial training from Smt.Srilakshmi and advanced training from Neti Sriram Sarma. He had his entire schooling in Kakinada and subsequently graduated from [[Vasavi College of Engineering]] in [[Mechanical Engineering]].

==Achievements==
Parthu won numerous awards in more than 400 competitions at various levels in the fields of [[Carnatic classical music|Carnatic classical]], [[light music]] and [[film music]]. Some of his major accomplishments include:

* National Level Award in All India Radio Competitions in 1992<ref>[http://www.atapata.org/parthu.html Parthu – ATA-PATA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102101947/http://www.atapata.org/parthu.html |date=2 November 2013 }}</ref>
* First prize in the South Zone Inter-University competitions-Mangalore in 1993
* First prize at National Level in Inter-University competitions at [[Benares Hindu University]], [[Varanasi]] in 1994
* Winner of first Mega final of ''[[Padutha theeyaga]]'', the first singing reality show in [[Andhra Pradesh]] which was aired on [[ETV Network|ETV]] and conducted by renowned playback singer, [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam|Sri S P Balasubrahmanyam]] in 1996.

===Cinematic achievements===
* Parthu recorded his first film song for music director, [[Koti (composer)|Koti]] for the film ''Kalyana Prapthirasthu'', directed by [[Dasari Narayana Rao|Sri Dasari Narayanarao]] in 1997. Parthu worked as an associate to the lead music director [[Mani Sharma|Sri Mani Sarma]], for more than 50 films. Parthu has performed playback singing for a majority of leading movie actors as [[Chiranjeevi]], [[Venkatesh (actor)|Venkatesh]], [[Kamal Hasan]], [[Meka Srikanth|Srikanth]], [[Jagapati Babu|Jagapathi Babu]] and so on in about 90 films.

==Concerts==
Parthu has more than 500 stage performances to his credit in [[India]] and abroad. Parthu is one of the very few playback singers to perform in all five continents including in the US, UK, Australia, Kuwait, and is the first Telugu playback singer to perform in Botswana and Nigeria. Parthu gave performances together with other renowned singers like [[S P Balasubrahmanyam]], [[S. Janaki|Smt. S. Janaki]], [[Mano (singer)|Mano]] and [[Chitra (singer)|Smt. Chitra]].

==Albums and musical direction==
Parthu sang more than 2000 private songs which include devotional songs, folk music, [[light music]] and songs for television serials.

Parthu composed two songs "Kudikannu Adirene" and "Kanna Velugantha" for Kalatapaswi [[K Viswanath|Sri K. Viswanath]]'s movie ''[[Swarabhishekam]]''. The film won the National Award for Music. Parthu debuted as [[music director]] with the movie ''[[Nandeeswarudu]]'' in 2012. Parthu composed music for several devotional, fusion and remix albums.

Parthu has established a sophisticated recording studio "Keerthana Digital" in Hyderabad in the year 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://keerthanastudios.com/ |title=- Keerthana |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-date=17 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017070510/http://keerthanastudios.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Charity==
Parthu, with the help of some friends established the Lotus Foundation, a non-profit organisation to support the educational needs of 'Economically Backward Brilliant Students' in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Coming Soon | url=http://lotus-foundation.com/ | access-date=2025-03-21 | website=lotus-foundation.com}}</ref> It has been supporting a number of students in Engineering and Medicine many of whom have successfully completed their studies and got employed upon graduation.

==References==
{{reflist}}

*
*
*
*



{{DEFAULTSORT:Parthu}}
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu-language playback singers]]
[[Category:People from Kakinada]]
[[Category:Musicians from Andhra Pradesh]]

Kalna, India

2026-04-21T07:19:17Z

LavernChitwood1: Adding

{{Short description|Town in West Bengal, India}}
{{About|the municipality in West Bengal, India|its namesake subdivision|Kalna subdivision|its namesake community development block|Kalna I |another namesake community development block|Kalna II}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kalna
| other_name = Ambika Kalna
| nickname = The Temple City
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = Kalna_Temple_Complex_by_Piyal_Kundu_4.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Kalna Temple Complex
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|13|2|N|88|21|8|E|display=inline,title|name=Kalna New Bus Stand}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Kalna Municipality
| leader_title = MLA
| leader_name = Debaprasad Bag
| leader_title2 = Kalna Municipality Chairman Vice
| leader_name2 = Chairman Rina Banerjee(7/11/25 to till now) Vice Chairman Tapan Poral
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Kalna Info |url=http://bardhaman.gov.in/blocks/kalna_m.html }}</ref>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 6.40
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 11
| population_total = 56,722
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 8221
| population_metro =
| population_metro_footnotes =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], English
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713409
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = +91-3454
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human sex ratio|Sex ratio]]
| blank1_info_sec1 = 961 [[female|♀]]/1000[[male|♂]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = Literacy
| blank2_info_sec1 = 84.4%
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman Purba (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman Purba]]
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Kalna (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kalna]]
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| website =
{{URL|https://ebarkalna.weebly.com}}
{{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Kalna''' or '''Ambika Kalna''' is a town in the [[Purba Bardhaman district]] of [[West Bengal]], India. It is the headquarter of the [[Kalna subdivision]], situated on the western bank of the [[Hooghly River|Bhāgirathi river]]. The town is more popularly known as Ambika Kalna, named after the goddess [[Kali]], [[Ambika (Jainism)|Maa Ambika]]. It has numerous historical monuments, such as the Rajbari (the palace), and 108 [[Shiva]] temples. The city of Kalna is {{convert|60|km}} from [[Bardhaman]].

== History ==
The first reference to Ambika Kalna is found in a 6th-century text known as the [[Kubjika]] [[Tantra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Ambika Kalna Travel and Tourism Guide |url=https://www.india.com/travel/ambika-kalna/ |access-date=3 July 2020 |website=India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News {{!}} India.com }}</ref>

According to General [[Alexander Cunningham]], the founder of the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], Ambika Kalna was a frontier city of the [[Tamralipta]] kingdom during the 7th century. At that time, a naval base was founded in the city during the reign of [[Shashanka]]. Kalna houses the only [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudiya Vaishnavist]] temple built in the lifetime of [[Chaitanya Mahaprabhu]] and the city was also an abode of pilgrimage for the [[Barnabites]].<ref name=":0" /> On the first day of [[Ramadan]] 939 [[Islamic calendar|AH]] (27 March 1533), a [[congregational mosque]] was built in Kalna by [[Ulugh Masnad Khan]], who was the governor, commander and minister of [[Alauddin Firuz Shah II]], the former [[Sultan of Bengal]].<ref name=dani>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/81/mode/2up |title=Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii |author=Ahmad Hasan Dani |author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani |chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions |year=1957 |pages=75 }}</ref>

The city reached its apex during the late 18th century under the patronage of the [[Bardhaman Raj|Maharajas of Bardhaman]], who built several temples with intricate [[terracotta]] ornamentation.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=400| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23|21|30|N|88|17|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in the Kalna subdivision of Purba Bardhaman district''' M: municipal city/ town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre. H: historical/ religious place. Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|23|24|20|N|88|19|17|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1=Srirampur | numbered1=CT| mark-title1= [[Srirampur, Bardhaman]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2= {{coord|23|14|0|N|88|20|55|E}}| label-pos2=right|label2=Kalna | numbered2=M| mark-title2= Kalna, India (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|21|30|N|88|19|32|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Hatsimla | numbered3=CT| mark-title3= [[Hatsimla]] (CT)|shape-color3=#A40000
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|20|30|N|88|20|44|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=Jaluidanga | numbered4=CT| mark-title4= [[Jaluidanga]] (CT)|shape-color4=#A40000
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|18|54|N|88|19|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Gopinathpur | numbered5=CT| mark-title5= [[Gopinathpur, West Bengal]] (CT)|shape-color5=#A40000
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|18|36|N|88|20|20|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=Nasratpur | numbered6=CT| mark-title6= [[Nasratpur]] (CT)|shape-color6=#A40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|16|43|N|88|18|48|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Dhatrigram | numbered7=CT| mark-title7= [[Dhatrigram]] (CT)|shape-color7=#A40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|15|27|N|88|20|32|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Piarinagar | numbered8=CT| mark-title8= [[Piarinagar]] (CT)|shape-color8=#A40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|15|4|N|88|19|21|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9=Uttar Goara | numbered9=CT| mark-title9= [[Uttar Goara]] (CT)|shape-color9=#A40000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|12|45|N|88|22|45|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Shashpur | numbered10=CT| mark-title10= [[Shashpur]] (CT)|shape-color10=#A40000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|22|35|N|88|15|6|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11= Nadanghat| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Nadanghat]] (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|28|0|N|88|19|58|E}} | label-pos12=right|label12= Purbasthali| numbered12=R| mark-title12= [[Purbasthali]] (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|25|21|N|88|6|27|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Monteswar| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Monteswar]] (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|14|30|N|88|20|27|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14=Rangapara| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Rangapara, Kalna]] (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|10|7|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=Singarkone| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Singarkone]] (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|26|57|N|88|18|49|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16=Parulia| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Parulia, Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|16|32|N|88|16|36|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17=Atgharia| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Atgharia]] (R)| shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|9|24|N|88|16|53|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=Badla| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Badla, Purba Bardhaman]] (R)| shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|19|55|N|88|19|17|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=Samudragarh| numbered19=C| mark-title19= [[Samudragarh]] (C)| shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|34|7|N|88|17|15|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Patuli| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Patuli]] (R)| shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|9|20|N|88|14|45|E}} | label-pos21=left|label21= Baidyapur Jora Deul| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Baidyapur Jora Deul]] (H)| shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|23.1327|88.4529}}| label22=Hooghly| label-color22=#77A1CB| label-angle22=-90| label-pos22=right| label-size22=10| mark-size22=0| mark-title22 =none
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.1787|88.4579}}| label23=River| label-color23=#77A1CB| label-angle23=-45| label-pos23=right| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.4564|88.2065}}| label24=Khari River| label-color24=#77A1CB| label-angle24=55| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none}}

===Location===
Kalna is located at {{Coord|23.2175|N|88.3525|E}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Kalna.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kalna]</ref> It has an average elevation of 11 meters (36 ft). It is located on the west bank of the Bhagirathi, a [[distributary]] of the Ganges, Ambika Kalna, or popularly known as Kalna, a sup-divisional town. It is a small reflection of a larger multi-dimensional background in Indian history.

The town can be accessed by rail, road, or river. By rail, it is connected on the loop line route from [[Howrah]] towards [[Katwa]]. Ambika Kalna, 81 km from Howrah, is the main railway station. There are several local trains, as well as express trains on the route and almost all of them stop at the Ambika Kalna rail station. By road, the town can be accessed from [[Krishnanagar, Nadia|Krishnanagar]], [[Katwa]], [[Bandel]], [[Pandua, Hooghly|Pandua]], [[Boinchi]], [[Memari]] and [[Barddhaman]].

Though part of the [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Barddhaman District]] of West Bengal, it is located near the border with [[Nadia district|Nadia]] and [[Hooghly district]], and is close to [[Nabadwip]] and [[Mayapur]], known for the [[ISKCON]] center.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Department of tourism government of West Bengal |url=https://www.wbtourismgov.in/destination/attractions_activities/nadia |website=wbtourismgov }}</ref> Kalna is located beside [[Bhagirathi River|Bhagirathi]] river.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, p. 15, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3 }}</ref>

Temperatures in this region vary from 17 to 18 °C in winter to 30–32 °C in summer.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, p. 19</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Kalna had a total population of 56,722, of which 28,793 (51%) were males and 27,929 (49%) were females. The population below age six was 4,557. The total number of [[literate]] people in Kalna was 45,403 (80.04% of the population being over six years of age).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title=2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables |work=West Bengal – District-wise |publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India |access-date=10 March 2017 }}</ref>

According to the [[2001 Census of India]], Kalna had a population of 52,176, of which 51% were male, and 49% female. Kalna had an average literacy rate of 84.4%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 90.1%, and female literacy is 78.4%. In Kalna, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=16 June 2004 |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |access-date=1 November 2008 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The steady flow of refugees from East Pakistan swelled the population of the area in the 1950s.<ref>Chattopadhyay, Akkori, ''Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti'' (History and Folklore of Bardhaman District.), {{in lang|bn}}, Vol I, p57, Radical Impression. {{ISBN|81-85459-36-3 }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
Hinduism is the main religion in Kalna with 94.75% of its citizens being Hindu. Islam is the second most practiced religion, with a following of approximately 4.88%. In Kalna, most of the Muslim population is situated in Jabari para and Balir Bazar ,0.12% practice Christianity, 0.01% practice [[Jainism]], 0.02% practice [[Sikhism]] and 0.07% practice [[Buddhism]]. Formally, they come from Chittagong Bangladesh. Around 0.15% of the population does not practice any particular religion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kumar Maity |first1=Ayan |last2=Das |first2=Souvik |last3=Saha |first3=Debolina |date=1 January 2020 |title=Socio-Cultural Profile Of Kalna Subdivision With A New Dimension Of Tourism Potentiality Of "Temple Town" Ambika Kalna, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India |url=https://www.ijstr.org/final-print/jan2020/Socio-cultural-Profile-Of-Kalna-Subdivision-With-A-New-Dimension-Of-Tourism-Potentiality-Of-temple-Town-Ambika-Kalna-Purba-Barddhaman-West-Bengal-India.pdf |journal=International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=2783–2796 |issn=2277-8616 }}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religion in Kalna (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/town/801679-kalna-west-bengal.html |title=kalna Religion 2011 |access-date=15 April 2017 }}</ref>
|label1 = [[Hinduism]]
|color1 = orange
|value1 = 94.75
|label2 = [[Islam]]
|color2 = Green
|value2 = 4.88
|label3 = Christianity
|color3 = DodgerBlue
|value3 = 0.12
|label4 = [[Sikhism]]
|color5 = Gold
|value4 = 0.02
|label5 = [[Buddhism]]
|color4 = Maroon
|value5 = 0.07
|label6 = [[Jainism]]
|color6 = Pink
|value6 = 0.01
|label7 = not stated
|color7 = Black
|value7 = 0.15
}}
{{Clear}}

==Attractions==
{{Multiple issues|section=yes|
{{how-to|section|date=July 2020}}
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
}}
[[File:Concentric temples of Kalna.jpg|thumb|Drone shot of 108 Shiva temples arranged in two concentric circles, built in 1809]]
[[File:108 Shiv Mandir, Kalna, Burdhaman 01.jpg|thumb|108 Shiv Mandir, Kalna]]
Popularized by the sage Bhaba Pagla, the temple of Debi Bhabani holds a special puja on the last Saturday of the Bengali month of Baisakh. Close to it is Sri Gauranga Mandir. The temple complex houses Sri Chaitanya's manuscripts and personal belongings. A major landmark is the ''Siddheshwari Temple''. It is dedicated to Debi Ambika, and it is after her that Kalna is also known as Ambika Kalna. The temple is nearly 800 years old.

A major attraction is the Nava Kailash or 108 Shiv Mandirs. Built-in 1809, the temples were constructed in two circles. One consists of 74 temples, whilst the other has 34. The former has white marble and black stone shiva lingas, whilst the latter comprises white marble shivling. Due to its ingenious planning, all of the shiva lingas can be seen from the center of the temple complex.

The Krishna Chandra Mandir (1751–1752), with its 25 steeples, depicts several scenes from the epics upon its terracotta walls. Doors remain closed from 1 p.m. until 4 p.m. Also worthy of note are Lalji Mandir (1739) with 25 steeples, and Pratapeshvara Mandir (1849) of the [[Rekha]] style; this temple has magnificent terracotta designs.

Maijir Bari was established in 1752 and has the Shyamchand Radharani Mondir. It has preserved a tradition of nearly 300 years and, even today, festivals such as Dol Purnima, Rath yatra, Jhulan Purnima, Annakot, and Rash are celebrated every year involving the people of the region, irrespective of caste, creed, or religion.

Projapoti Bari is also quite well known. This landmark house has a huge butterfly emblem atop. Hemanta Banerjee, who inherited the house from his father, also owned Sur-O-Sathi. Apurba Banerjee, brother of Hemanta Banerjee, started Kali puja in 1947.

Gopalbari Mandir consisting of 25 steeples signifies a perfect sculpture. On the walls of these Temples, many Terracotta warriors are ornamented. There is an image of copulation engraved here. A hall adjacent to the Temple for devotional dancing and musical performances was erected. It is an indication of traditional sculpture, located in Bhaduri Para.
[[File:Gopalbari Temple Kalna.jpg|thumb|Gopalbari Temple]]

In 688, Siddheswari Kali Mandir was established by Rishi-Amburish. The first time the Goddess was worshipped through the ritual of earthen-pot (ghatt). The ghatt sticks to a stone winnowing tray. This auspicious image is made of a single Neem log. This image represents Bamakali Idol. The responsibility of this Goddess was shouldered on the part of -1. Sri Taraprassana Adhikari, 2. Kaliprassana Adhikari and now, the 7th generation personality Sri Sonatan Adhikari and Gopal Adhikari are the priests of this Temple. Long ago scarifies of humans to the altar of the Temple were in vogue. But at present he-goat, sugarcane, gourd, etc. instead of a human. The Goddess is worshipped during the new moon in the month of Kartik.

Ananta Basudev Mandir is situated at Shyamrai Para. The temple is about 250 years old. His Honour, Maharaj Bahktipromode Puri Goswami had renovated this Temple about 60 years back. Now, Maharaj's nephews, nieces, and their husbands have got the responsibility of looking after it. About 250 years back, his Highness Maharaj of Burdwan founded this Temple.

Buddha Mandir is situated at Bara-Mitra-Para it is the oldest Buddhist temple in ‘Purba Burdwan District’ about 37 years old, a small Theravada Buddhist community (Barua) looking after it. in the temple shrine, a six feet tall gold-plated metallic Buddha statue from Thailand and an old marble Buddha statue originating from Burma are the two main attractions.

There is also the famous Tamarind tree, more than 500 years old, below which Sri Chaitanya came and met Nityananda.

In the past, Pathuria Mahal Ghat was used for Ferry-ghat. Now it has got its identity as an auspicious bathing-ghat in the name of Late Naresh Chandra Kumar, an extraordinary personality and donor of the Bathing-Ghat. It is located at Pathuriyamahal, Kalna.

Recently, Kalna Porjoton Utsab is being organized on every winter (2nd Week of January). Since 2014, the entire Rajbari Temple Complex has been illuminated. Ras Manch is the main attraction there in the evening.

==Education==
[[Kalna College]], one of the oldest colleges under the [[University of Burdwan]], was founded in 1943. It is accredited B++ by the [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]]. Kalna Polytechnic was established in 2000. Besides, there are several Higher secondary and secondary schools. Some reputed schools & educational institutions in Kalna are:
[[File:KalnaCollege.jpg|thumb|right|Kalna College]]

* [[Kalna General College]]
* [[Kalna Maharaja's High School]]
* [[Kalna Polytechnic]]
{{Cleanup list|section|date=July 2025}}
* [[Acme Academy]]
* [[Ambika Mahishmardini High School]]
* [[Gajalaxmi High School]]
* [[Hindu Girls' High School]]
* [[Kalna Primary Teacher's Training Institute]]
* [[Mahishmardini Boys' Institution]]
* [[Mahishmardini Girls' Institution]]
* [[Mayasundari High School]]
* [[Nigamananda High School]]
* [[Sasibala Saha High School]]

==Transport==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2020}}
Being situated at the junction of three districts (Purba Bardhaman, Hooghly, and Nadia), Kalna has a well-developed transportation network. The main mode of local transport is cycle rickshaw, auto-rickshaw and Electric rickshaw. A project was launched for River bridge between Kalna and [[Shantipur]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Construction of bridge over river Bhagirathi connecting Kalna, ch.35.447 km of STKK road and Shantipur, ch.96.30 km of NH 34 in the district of Purba Bardhaman & Nadia, Project Length 14.476 Km, length of main bridge including ROB 2.114 Km in Nadia, Purba Bardhaman (West Bengal): Project Updates & Investment Details {{!}} IIG |url=https://indiainvestmentgrid.gov.in/ |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=indiainvestmentgrid.gov.in |language=en }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=মাঝি |first=দেবাশিস পোদ্দার,সুমন |date=16 July 2024 |title=অগস্টে শুরু কালনা-শান্তিপুর সেতুর অ্যাপ্রোচ রোডের কাজ |url=https://eisamay.com/west-bengal-news/bardhaman-news/kalna-to-shantipur-bridge-road-work-started-in-august/111775809.cms |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Eisamay Online |language=bn }}</ref>
[[File:Ambika Kalna railway station at Kalna 07.jpg|left|thumb|Ambika Kalna railway station]]

===Rail===
Though the main railway station of the town is {{stnlnk|Ambika Kalna}}, the northern part of the city can also be accessed through {{stnlnk|Baghnapara}}. Ambika Kalna is 42 km and Baghnapara is 46 km from Bandel on the [[Bandel–Katwa line]].<ref>Railway local time table</ref> There are many local trains (EMU) and a few express and passenger trains from Howrah and Sealdah.

===Road===
Kalna is linked to important cities of South Bengal by road. The main bus stand is situated beside the STKK Road ([[State Highway 6 (West Bengal)|SH 6]]). There is a Government bus depot operated by South Bengal State Transport Corporation (SBSTC) which services Long-distance express buses, connecting various cities (Asansol, Durgapur, Bardhaman, Bankura, Dumka, Digha, Malda, Bishnupur, Balurghat, etc.) of [[West Bengal]] and [[Jharkhand]]. Bus services are available for other sistricts in West Bengal.

==Gallery==
<gallery heights="thumb" mode="packed">
File:Panoramaic View of Nava Kailash Temple.jpg|Nava Kailash Temple
File:Kalna Pratapeswar Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Pratapeswar Temple
File:Kalna Lalji Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Lalji Temple
File:Rashmancha Kalna.jpg|Ras Mancha at the Kalna Temple Complex in Barddhaman
File:Siddheswari Kali Temple, Ambika-Kalna.jpg|Siddheswari Kalibari
File:pathuria.jpg|Pathuria Mahal Ghat
File:WLM@WB-Nava-Kailasha_Temple_in_Kalna_(Panoramic_View)_02.jpg|Nava-Kailasha Temple in Kalna
Image:Kalna Ras Manch by Sambit Saha.jpg|Kalna Ras Manch, Illuminated at Night
Image:Kalna_Temple_Complex_by_Piyal_Kundu_3.jpg|Kalna Temple Complex
Image:Kalna_Pratapeswar_Temple_by_Piyal_Kundu2.jpg|Kalna Pratapeswar Temple Terracotta Works
Image:Kalna Krishna Chandraji Temple by Piyal Kundu.jpg|Krishna Chandraji Temple
Image:Kalna_Lalji_Temple_by_Piyal_Kundu_3.jpg|Lalji Temple Terracotta Works
Image:Kalna_108_Siva_Temple_Outer_Circle_by_Piyal_Kundu.jpg|108 Siva Temple Outer circle
Image:Kalna Group of Temple 03.jpg|Group of temples at Kalna in Burdwan, West Bengal
File:WLM@WB-Rupeswar_Temple_in_Kalna.jpg|Rupeswar Temple in Kalna
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage|Ambika Kalna}}
{{Commons category|Kalna}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081121165703/http://www.ambikakalna.com/ Website of Kalna]

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}
{{Craft centres in West Bengal}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Hinduism by city]]

Nallur Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T08:54:45Z

LavernChitwood1: Made new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = SLA
| map_image = | established = 1957
| district = [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
| loksabha_cons = | state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| party = Indian National Congress
| mla = K. Narayanasami
| name = Nallur
| electors= 88,518
| reservation = None
| abolished= 1967
}}
'''Nallur''' was former constituency in the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], a southern state of [[India]]. It was in [[Cuddalore district]].

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Winner
! colspan="2" | Party
|-
| [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1962]]||K. Narayanasami|| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election|1957]]||Vedamanickam|| {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|}

==Election results==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#1962|1962]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.03}}
{{bar percent|[[#1957|1957]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|34.10}}
}}

===1962===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1962 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Nallur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India |title=Statistical Report on General Election 1962 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |access-date= 19 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127201143/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1962/StatRep_Madras_1962.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=K. Narayanasami |party=Indian National Congress |votes=28,322 |percentage=55.03% |change=30.52% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=T. Pichamuthu |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=20,209 |percentage=39.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=V. Duraisami |party=Independent politician |votes=1,323 |percentage=2.57% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=M. Kattimuthu |party=Swatantra Party |votes=1,239 |percentage=2.41% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=A. Periasami |party=Independent politician |votes=373 |percentage=0.72% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,113 |percentage=15.76% |change=10.02% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=51,466 |percentage=61.29% |change= 2.74% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 88,518 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 20.93% }}
{{Election box end}}

===1957===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Madras Legislative Assembly election]]: Nallur<ref>{{cite web | last = Election Commission of India| title=Statistical Report on General Election 1957 | url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf | access-date=2015-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127200447/https://eci.gov.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1957/StatRep_Madras_1957.pdf |archive-date=27 Jan 2013}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=Vedamanickam |party=Independent politician |votes=16,105 |percentage=34.10% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar |party=Independent politician |votes=13,394 |percentage=28.36% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Narayanasami Pillai |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,577 |percentage=24.51% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Kathirvel Padayachi |party=Independent politician |votes=4,637 |percentage=9.82% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=Paramasivam |party=Independent politician |votes=1,515 |percentage=3.21% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,711 |percentage=5.74% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,228 |percentage=58.55% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 80,661 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Independent politician |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |title=Statistical reports of assembly elections |access-date=8 July 2010 |publisher=Election Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp |archive-date=5 October 2010 }}

{{Defunct assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu}}
{{coords|13.285|80.240|display=title}}

[[Category:Cuddalore district]]
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Politics of Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Madras State]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 disestablishments in India]]

P. Rajarathnam

2026-04-11T12:40:40Z

LavernChitwood1: Added initial article basic info

{{Multiple issues|
{{BLP sources|date=October 2025}}
{{original research|date=October 2025}}
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = P. Rajarathnam
| image =
| image size =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1961|4|21|df=y}}<ref name="mla"/>
| birth_place = Padalur
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office1 = Member, Legislative Assembly of Tamil Nadu.
| constituency1 = [[Perambalur Assembly constituency|Perambalur]]
| term_start1 = 2001
| term_end1 = 2006
| predecessor1 = [[M. Devarajan]]
| successor1 = [[M. Rajkumar]]
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| term_end2 =
| successor2 =
| term_start3 =
| term_end3 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| party = [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]]
| spouse =
| alma_mater =
| relations =
| children =
| profession = Advocate
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| website =
}}

'''P. Rajarathnam''' is an [[Politics of India|Indian politician]] and a former Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) of Tamil Nadu.

He is a native of Padalur village in the [[Perambalur district]]. Rajarathnam holds a Master of Commerce (M.Com.) and a Bachelor of Laws (B.L.) degree. He belongs to the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK) party. He successfully contested the [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]] from the [[Perambalur Assembly constituency]] and became an MLA of Tamil Nadu.<ref name="mla">{{cite book | title=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly "WHO'S WHO Twelfth Assembly 2001 | publisher=Legislature Assembly Secretariat, Chennai-600009 | year=2002 | location=Chennai-600009 | pages=478–480}}</ref>

==Electoral performance==
===2001===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]]: Perambalur<ref>{{cite web| last = Election Commission of India|title = Statistical Report on General Election 2001|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|date = 12 May 2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006173934/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2001/Stat_Rep_TN_2001.pdf|archive-date=6 October 2010}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=P. Rajarathnam |party=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=67,074 |percentage=53.45% |change=+18.22 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Vallaban |party=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=47,070 |percentage=37.51% |change=-17.57 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=S. Kannan |party=Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |votes=6,960 |percentage=5.55% |change=-0.19 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link|candidate=P. Marimuthu |party=Independent politician |votes=4,395 |percentage=3.50% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=20,004 |percentage=15.94% |change= -3.91% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=125,499 |percentage=62.31% |change= -7.41% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 202,003 |change = }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |loser=Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam |swing= -1.63% }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2001–2006]]
[[Category:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Matunga Sion Koliwada Assembly constituency

2026-04-09T18:24:23Z

LavernChitwood1: Made pg

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Matunga Sion Koliwada
| type= SLA
| state = Maharashtra
| established = 1951 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - DPACO 1951 |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| abolished = 1955 <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eci.gov.in/146-archive-delimitation-orders |title= Archive Delimitation Orders - Final Order DC (1953-1955) |access-date=31 January 2026 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| electors = 54,412
| mla = Subramaniam Salivati
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| constituency_no =
| latest_election_year = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| district =
| loksabha_cons =
| reservation = None
}}
Matunga Sion Koliwada Assembly constituency was an assembly constituency in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. After the 1955 Delimitation act, it was merged into [[Matunga Assembly constituency|Matunga]] and [[Nanded Assembly constituency|Nanded]] constituencies.

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#FFB2B2" | [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Subramaniam Salivati || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Bombay State Legislative Assembly election]] : Matunga Sion Koliwada <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Bombay |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114083220/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatReport_51_BOMBAY.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Subramaniam Salivati |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 14,588 |percentage = 46.87% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhat,. U. U |party = Socialist Party (India, 1948) |votes = 8,880 |percentage = 28.53% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Desai, Ratilal Ichharam |party = Independent politician |votes = 3,254 |percentage = 10.46% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sundaram, Ganpat |party = Communist Party of India |votes = 2,597 |percentage = 8.34% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = More, Baburao Shantaram |party = Independent politician |votes = 751 |percentage = 2.41% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Athavale, Ramchandra Mahadev |party = Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |votes = 596 |percentage = 1.92% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Srikantia Nanjappa |party = Independent politician |votes = 456 |percentage = 1.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 5,708 |percentage = 18.34% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 31,122 |percentage = 57.20% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 31,122}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 54,412 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
{{coord missing|Maharashtra}}
{{Maharashtra-geo-stub}}

Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure

2026-03-29T21:10:28Z

LavernChitwood1: Created new data needs work

{{Short description|Technical standard for motor vehicles (WLTP)}}
{{Driving Cycles}}
The '''Worldwide Harmonised Light vehicles Test Procedure''' ('''WLTP''')<ref>This is the spelling according to the adopted [https://unece.org/DAM/trans/doc/2014/wp29/ECE-TRANS-WP29-2014-027e.pdf UNECE proposal]; variant spellings include "Worldwide Harmonized Light-duty Test Procedures" (according to the [https://unece.org/press/unece-adopts-more-accurate-fuel-efficiency-and-co2-test-new-cars-wltp UNECE press release]).</ref> is a global [[driving cycle]] standard for determining the levels of [[pollutant]]s, [[carbon dioxide|CO2]] [[emission standard]]s and [[fuel efficiency|fuel consumption]] of conventional [[internal combustion engine]] (ICE) and [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid]] [[automobile]]s, as well as the [[all-electric range]] of [[plug-in electric vehicle]]s.

The WLTP was adopted by the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe#Inland Transport Committee|Inland Transport Committee]] of the [[United Nations Economic Commission for Europe]] (UNECE) as Addenda No. 15 to the Global Registry (Global Technical Regulations) defined by the [[World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations#1998 Agreement|1998 Agreement]].<ref>Agreement concerning the Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be fitted and/or be used on Wheeled Vehicles
Geneva, 25 June 1998</ref> The standard is accepted by [[China]], [[Japan]], the [[United States]] and the [[European Union]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XI-B-32&chapter=11&clang=_en|title=United Nations Treaty Collection|website=treaties.un.org}}</ref> It aims to replace the previous and regional [[New European Driving Cycle]] (NEDC) as the new European [[motor vehicle type approval|vehicle homologation procedure]]. Its final version was released in 2015.

One of the main goals of the WLTP is to better match the [[laboratory]] [[estimate]]s of fuel consumption and emissions with the measures of an on-road driving condition.<ref name="unece">{{cite web |title=Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) - Transport - Vehicle Regulations - UNECE Wiki |url=https://wiki.unece.org/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2523179 |website=wiki.unece.org}}</ref> Since CO2 targets are becoming more and more important for the economic performance of [[automotive industry|vehicle manufacturers]] all over the world, WLTP also aims to harmonize test procedures on an international level, and set up an equal playing field in the global market. Besides [[member state of the European Union|EU countries]], the WLTP is also the standard fuel economy and emission test for [[India]], [[South Korea]] and Japan. In addition, the WLTP ties in with Regulation (EC) 2009/443 to verify that a manufacturer’s new sales-weighted fleet does not emit more CO2 on average than the target set by the European Union, which is currently set at 95 [[gram|g]] of [[carbon dioxide equivalent|CO2-eq]] per [[kilometer]] for 2021.<ref name="wltpfacts">{{cite web |title=WLTPfacts.eu - Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure |url=https://wltpfacts.eu/ |website=WLTPfacts.eu}}</ref><ref name= ecg>{{Cite web|url=http://ecgassociation.eu/Portals/0/Documentation/WLTP/WLTP%20briefing%20paper%20-%20v2%2022.06.pdf?ver=2018-06-22-155553-300|title=From NEDC to WLTP The New Test to Measure CO2 Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Cars}}{{dead link|date=October 2022}}</ref>

==History==
The regulation took into account various national cycles such as World-wide Heavy-Duty Certification procedure (WHDC) and World-wide Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC).<ref name="unece.org">{{cite web|url=http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/main/wp29/wp29r-1998agr-rules/ECE-TRANS-180a15e.pdf |title=Global Registry|access-date=2023-09-23}}</ref> It also took into consideration the [[World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations#1958 Agreement|1958 Agreement]] and the 1998 Agreement, those of Japan and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Standard Part 1066.<ref name="unece.org"/>

===From NEDC to WLTP standard ===

{{Further|New European Driving Cycle}}
[[File:New European Driving Cycle.svg|thumb|New European Driving Cycle]]
From 1 September 2019 all light duty vehicles that are to be registered in EU countries (and also in [[Switzerland]], [[Norway]], [[Iceland]] and [[Turkey]]) must comply with the WLTP standards.<ref name="unece" /> The WLTP replaces the old NEDC as the European homologation lab-bench procedure, which was established in the 1980s to simulate urban driving conditions for a passenger car.<ref name="carpedia">{{cite web |title=Nuovi test di omologazione veicoli WLTP e RDE |url=https://www.carpedia.it/scheda-legale/nuovi-test-di-omologazione-veicoli-wltp-e-rde-7137/ |website=Carpedia |language=it-IT}}</ref> In 1992 the NEDC was updated to also include a non-urban path (characterized by medium to high speeds), and finally in 1997 CO2 emission figures were added, too.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29wgs/wp29gen/wp29glob_registry.html#jfmulticontent_c29896-15 | title=Test procedure for compression-ignition (C.I.) engines and positive-ignition (P.I.) engines fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with regard to the emission of pollutants}}</ref> Nowadays, the NEDC cycle has become outdated since it is not representative of modern driving styles, as the distances and road varieties a mean car has to face have changed since the test's design.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DiscussionPaper1.pdf|publisher=[[OECD]]-[[International Transport Forum|ITF]] Joint Transport Research Centre|title=Examining Fuel Economy and Carbon Standards for Light Vehicles. Discussion Paper No. 2007-1|date=December 2007|author=Stephen E. Plotkin|access-date=27 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419191354/http://internationaltransportforum.org/jtrc/DiscussionPapers/DiscussionPaper1.pdf|archive-date=19 April 2012}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web |url=http://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/media/T&E%2098-3_0.pdf |title=Cycle beating and the EU test for cycle for cars |first=Per |last=Kågeson |publisher=European Federation for Transport and Environment |location=Brussels |date=March 1998 |access-date=9 August 2016}}</ref> The structure of the NEDC is characterized by an average speed of 34 km/h, smooth accelerations, few and prolonged stops and a top speed of 120 km/h.<ref name="UNECE R101">E/ECE/324/Rev.2/Add.100/Rev.3 or E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2/Add.100/Rev.3 (12 April 2013), "Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions", Addendum 100: [http://www.unece.org/trans/main/wp29/wp29regs101-120.html Regulation No. 101], ''Uniform provisions concerning the approval of passenger cars powered by an internal combustion engine only, or powered by a hybrid electric power train with regard to the measurement of the emission of carbon dioxide and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range, and of categories M1 and N1 vehicles powered by an electric power train only with regard to the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range.''</ref>

The new standard has been designed to be more representative of real and modern driving conditions. To pursue this goal, the WLTP is 10 minutes longer than the NEDC (30 instead of 20 minutes), its velocity profile is more dynamic, consisting of quicker [[acceleration]]s followed by short brakes. Moreover, the average and the maximum velocities have been increased to 46.5 km/h and 131.3 km/h respectively. The distance covered is 23.25 km (more than double the 11 kilometers of the NEDC).<ref name="wltpfacts"/>

The key differences between the old NEDC and new WLTP test are that WLTP:<ref name="unece" />
* has higher average and maximum speeds
* includes a wider range of driving conditions (urban, suburban, main road, [[highway]])
* simulates a longer distance
* has higher average and maximum drive power
* looks at steeper accelerations and decelerations
* tests optional equipment separately

As the result, the performance of the car is decreased.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Car performance decrease from NEDC to WLTP<ref name="Change">[https://www.automobile-propre.com/cycle-wltp-ce-qui-change-pour-les-voitures-electriques-et-thermiques/ Cycle WLTP : ce qui change pour les voitures électriques et thermiques], automobile-propre.com, 2 septembre 2018.</ref>
|-
! Car
! NEDC autonomy
! WLTP autonomy
! Decrease
|-
| [[Renault Zoé]] || 400 km || 300 km || 25%
|-
| [[BMW i3 (hatchback)|BMW i3]] || 300 km || 245 km || 18%
|-
| [[Hyundai Kona]] electric 64 kWh || 546 km || 482 km || 12%
|}

==Test procedure==
The test procedure provides strict guidance regarding conditions of dynamometer tests and road load (motion resistance), gear shifting, total car weight (by including optional equipment, cargo and passengers), fuel quality, ambient temperature, and tyre selection and pressure.

Three different WLTC test cycles are applied, depending on vehicle class defined by [[power-to-weight ratio|power/weight ratio]] PWr in W/kg (rated engine power / [[kerb weight]]):{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

* Class 1 – low power vehicles with PWr ≤ 22;
* Class 2 – vehicles with 22 < PWr ≤ 34;
* Class 3 – high-power vehicles with PWr > 34;

Most common cars nowadays have power-weight ratios of 40–100 W/kg, so belong to class 3. Vans and buses can also belong to class 2.

In each class, there are several driving tests designed to represent real world vehicle operation on urban and extra-urban roads, motorways, and freeways. The duration of each part is fixed between classes, however the acceleration and speed curves are shaped differently. The sequence of tests is further restricted by maximum vehicle speed Vmax.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}

To ensure comparability for all vehicles, thus guaranteeing a fair comparison between different car manufacturers, the WLTP tests are performed in the laboratory under clear and repeatable conditions. The protocol states that:<ref name="ecg"/>
* The velocity profile that the tested vehicle must repeat (indicating one speed value for each of the 1800 seconds)
* Laboratory instrumentation parameters, such as the [[calibration]] of [[dynamometer]]s, gas analyzers, [[anemometer]]s, [[speedometer]]s or the [[rolling resistance]] of the [[test bench]]
* Environmental conditions, such as room [[temperature]], [[Density of air|air density]], [[wind]]
*[[Fuel|Fuel type]]: [[gasoline]], [[Diesel fuel|diesel]], [[Liquefied petroleum gas|LPG]], [[natural gas]], [[electricity]], etc.
* Fuel quality and its chemical properties
* The [[Engineering tolerance|tolerances]] under which the measures are valid
* The set-up process for vehicles ahead of the test.

The last two are stricter than in the NEDC protocol, since they were previously used by car manufacturers to their advantage to keep CO2 values (legally) as low as possible.<ref name=autogenerated1 />

The procedure does not indicate fixed [[Gear-shift|gear shift]] point, unlike the NEDC, letting each vehicle use its optimal shift points. In fact, these points depend on vehicle unique parameters as weight, [[Torque|torque map]], specific power and engine speed.<ref name="wltpfacts"/>

During the WLTP the impact of the model’s optional equipment is also considered. In this way the tests reflect better the emissions of individual cars, and not just the one with the standard equipment (as it was for the NEDC cycle). In fact, for a same car, the homologation procedure needs two measures: one for the standard equipment and the other one for the fully equipped model.<ref name="wltpfacts"/> This takes into account the effect on vehicle’s [[aerodynamics]], rolling resistance and change in mass due to the additional features.<ref name="carpedia" />

==WLTC driving cycles==
The new WLTP procedure relies on the new driving cycles (WLTC – Worldwide harmonized Light-duty vehicles Test Cycles) to measure mean fuel consumption, CO2 emissions as well as emissions of pollutants by passenger cars and [[light commercial vehicle]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://circabc.europa.eu/sd/a/02b0a5e2-e328-44e3-90b1-4ee934d8ffc1/att42.pdf|title=MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE FOR EXHAUST EMISSION OF LIGHT- AND MEDIUM-DUTY MOTOR VEHICLES}}</ref>

===Class 3===
The WLTP is divided into 4 different sub-parts, each one with a different maximum speed:

* Low, up to 56.5 km/h
* Medium, up to 76.6 km/h
* High, up to 97.4 km/h
* Extra-high, up to 131.3 km/h.

These driving phases simulate urban, suburban, rural and highway scenarios respectively, with an equal division between urban and non-urban paths (52% and 48%).<ref name="wltpfacts"/>

[[File:Class 3b.svg|800x800px]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ WLTC class 3 test cycle
|-
! !! Low !! Medium !! High !! Extra high !! Total
|-
| Duration, s||589||433||455||323||1800
|-
| Stop duration, s||150||49||31||8||235
|-
| Distance, m||3095||4756||7162||8254||23266
|-
|% of stops||26.5%||11.1%||6.8%||2.2%||13.4%
|-
| Maximum speed, km/h||56.5||76.6||97.4||131.3||
|-
| Average speed without stops, km/h||25.3||44.5||60.7||94.0||53.5
|-
| Average speed with stops, km/h||18.9||39.4||56.5||91.7||46.5
|-
| Minimum acceleration, m/s2||-1.5||-1.5||-1.5||-1.44||
|-
| Maximum acceleration, m/s2||1.611||1.611||1.666||1.055||
|}

===Class 2===
The Class 2 test cycle has three parts for low, medium, and high speed; if Vmax < 90 km/h, the high-speed part is replaced with low-speed part.

[[File:WLTC class 2.svg|800x800px]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ WLTC class 2 test cycle
|-
! !! Low !! Medium !! High !! Total
|-
| Duration, s||589||433||455||1477
|-
| Stop duration, s||155||48||30||233
|-
| Distance, m||3132||4712||6820||14664
|-
|% of stops||26.3%||11.1%||6.6%||15.8%
|-
| Maximum speed, km/h||51.4||74.7||85.2||
|-
| Average speed without stops, km/h||26.0||44.1||57.8||42.4
|-
| Average speed with stops, km/h||19.1||39.2||54.0||35.7
|-
| Minimum acceleration, m/s2||-1.1||-1.0||-1.1||
|-
| Maximum acceleration, m/s2||0.9||1.0||0.8||
|}

===Class 1===

The Class 1 test cycle has low and medium-speed parts, performed in a sequence low–medium–low; if Vmax < 70 km/h, the medium-speed part is replaced with low-speed part.

[[File:WLTC class 1.svg|500px]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ WLTC class 1 test cycle
|-
! !! Low !! Medium !! Total
|-
| Duration, s||589||433||1022
|-
| Stop duration, s||155||48||203
|-
| Distance, m||3324||4767||8091
|-
|% of stops||26.3%||11.1%||19.9%
|-
| Maximum speed, km/h||49.1||64.4||
|-
| Average speed without stops, km/h||27.6||44.6||35.6
|-
| Average speed with stops, km/h||20.3||39.6||28.5
|-
| Minimum acceleration, m/s2||-1.0||-0.6||
|-
| Maximum acceleration,m/s2||0.8||0.6||
|}

==Transition timeline from NEDC to WLTP ==

The period of transition from NEDC to WLTP started in 2017 and ended in September 2019. Car manufacturers were required to obtain approval under both WLTP and NEDC for any new vehicle from 1 September 2017, while WLTP superseded NEDC from September 2018. From that date, measures of fuel consumption and CO2 emissions obtained under WLTP are the only ones with legal validity and are to be inserted in official documentations (the Certificate of Conformity).<ref name="wltpfacts"/>

Since the structures of NEDC and WLTP are different, the values obtained can differ from one to the other even if the same car is being tested. As WLTP more closely reflects on-road going conditions, its laboratory measures of CO2 emissions are usually higher than the NEDC.<ref name="wltpfacts"/> A vehicle’s performance does not change from one test from the other, simply the WLTP simulates a different, more dynamic path, reflecting in a higher mean value of pollutants. This fact is important, because the CO2 figure is used in many countries to determine the cost of Vehicle Excise Duty for new cars. Given the discrepancies between the two procedures the UNECE suggested the policymakers should consider this asymmetry during the transition process.<ref name="unece" /> For example in the UK, during the period of transition from NEDC to WLTP, if the CO2 value was obtained under the latter, it had to be converted to a ‘NEDC equivalent’.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) |url=https://www.vehicle-certification-agency.gov.uk/fcb/wltp.asp |website=www.vehicle-certification-agency.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref>

==Real drive emissions ==

[[File:AVL PEMS - attached on a passenger car.jpg|thumb|AVL PEMS - attached on a passenger car]]
Along with the lab-based procedure, the UNECE introduced a test in real driving conditions for [[NOx]] and other [[Particulates|particulate emissions]], which are a major cause of [[air pollution]]. This procedure is called Real Drive Emissions test (RDE) and verifies that legislative caps for pollutants are not exceeded under real use. RDE does not substitute the laboratory test (the only one that holds a legal value), but it complements it. During RDE the vehicle is tested under various driving and external conditions that include different heights, temperatures, extra payload, uphill and downhill driving, slow roads, fast roads, etc.<ref name="unece"/> In addition, the freestream air that the vehicle receives is not conditioned by the wind blower position, which could cause alterations in the measured emissions of laboratory tests.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fernández-Yáñez |first1=P. |last2=Armas |first2=O. |last3=Martínez-Martínez |first3=S. |title=Impact of relative position vehicle-wind blower in a roller test bench under climatic chamber |journal=Applied Thermal Engineering |date=2016 |volume=106 |pages=266–274 |doi=10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.021 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359431116309206|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

To measure emissions during the on-road test, vehicles are equipped with a [[portable emissions measurement system]] (PEMS) that monitors pollutants and CO2 values in real time. The PEMS contains complex instrumentation that includes: advanced gas analyzers, exhaust gas [[Flow measurement|flowmeters]], an integrated [[weather station]], a [[GPS navigation device|Global Positioning System]] (GPS), as well as a connection to the [[Internet|network]]. The protocol does not indicate a single PEMS as reference, but indicates the set of parameters that its equipment has to satisfy. The collected data is analyzed to verify that the external conditions under which the measures are taken satisfy the tolerances and guarantee a legal validity.<ref name="ecg"/>

The limits on the harmful emissions are the same as the WLTP, multiplied by a conformity factor. The conformity factors consider the [[Observational error|error of the instrumentation]], that can not guarantee the same level of accuracy and repeatability of the laboratory test, as well as the influence of the PEMS itself on the vehicle that is being tested. For example, during the validation of the {{NOx}} emissions, a conformity factor of 1.5 (50% over normal tolerance) is used.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Insights into WLTP and RDE|url=https://www.volkswagenag.com/presence/konzern/group-fleet/dokumente/wltp/GFI_WTLP_Broschuere_EN_WLTP_and_RDE_Insights_WEB.pdf|publisher=[[Volkswagen Group]]|quote=NOX emissions may equally amount to the NOX value measured on a dynamometer (taking into account a measuring tolerance of 0.5 = maximum amount 1.5)}}</ref>

==WLTP 2nd amendment==

In the European Union, the WLTP 2nd amendment is Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018.<ref name="ricardo">{{cite web |title=Commission Regulation (EU) 2018/1832 of 5 November 2018 amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008 and Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 for the purpose of improving the emission type approval tests and procedures for light passenger and commercial vehicles, including those for in-service conformity and real-driving emissions and introducing devices for monitoring the consumption of fuel and electric energy (Text with EEA relevance.) |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32018R1832 |access-date=24 January 2021 |language=en |date=27 November 2018}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

This regulation is for light-duty vehicles, when heavy-duty vehicles are subject to Regulation (EU) 2019/1242.

Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 sets out the requirements for the device for monitoring the consumption of fuel and/or electric energy. Recorded information includes:
* Total fuel consumed (lifetime) (litres);
* Total distance travelled (lifetime) (kilometres);
* Engine fuel rate (grams/second and litres/hour);
* Vehicle fuel rate (grams/second);
* Vehicle speed (kilometres/hour).
For hybrid vehicles:
* Total fuel consumed in charge depleting operation (lifetime) (litres);
* Total fuel consumed in driver-selectable charge increasing operation (lifetime) (litres);
* Total distance travelled in charge depleting operation with engine off (lifetime) (kilometres);
* Total distance travelled in charge depleting operation with engine running (lifetime) (kilometres);
* Total distance travelled in driver-selectable charge increasing operation (lifetime) (kilometres);
* Total grid energy into the battery (lifetime) (kWh).<ref name="ricardo" />

This information is stored by the On-Board Fuel and/or energy Consumption Monitoring device (OBFCM). OBFCM has been mandatory since 2021 on new European cars.<ref name="ricardo" />

==Variations==
Japan has adopted a variation of the WLTP known as the Japan-WLTP, which uses the global WLTP framework but modifies it for Japanese driving conditions. The key difference is the removal of the extra-high-speed (92 km/h) phase, reflecting the lower average traffic speeds in Japan. The Japan-WLTP also has higher adjusted emission limits for non-methane hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, to compensate for the lower average speeds and ensure the overall test matches global WLTP stringency.<ref>[https://wiki.unece.org/download/attachments/64291426/Description%20of%20Japan%20RDE%20methodology.pdf Description of Japan RDE Methodology] - UNECE</ref>

==See also==
* [[EPA Federal Test Procedure]], commonly known as [[FTP-75]]
* [[China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle]]
* [[AIR Index]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www2.unece.org/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2523179 Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) - Transport - Vehicle Regulations - UNECE Wiki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108065200/https://www2.unece.org/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2523179 |date=2012-11-08 }}
* [https://circabc.europa.eu/w/browse/a33d9336-fab5-4a77-b201-33fe5c6be187 CIRCABC - Welcome]
* [http://www.unece.org/trans/main/welcwp29.html UNECE Transport Division/World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations] (UN/ECE/WP29)

[[Category:Road transport in Europe]]
[[Category:Emission standards]]

Ao Naga

2026-03-27T23:30:25Z

LavernChitwood1: minor cleanup

{{Short description|Major Naga ethnic group}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Ao Naga
| image = Ao Naga lady in her traditional attire.jpg
| image_caption = Ao Naga lady in her traditional attire
| popplace = {{flag|India}}
| region1 = [[Nagaland]]
| pop1 = 226,626
| ref1 = <ref name="census">{{cite web|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Government of India|access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref>
| languages = [[Ao language]] ([[Mongsen Ao language|Mongsen]], [[Chungli Ao language|Chungli]], [[Changki Ao language|Changki]])
| religions = [[Animism]] (historical), [[Protestantism]] (chiefly [[Baptist]])
| related = Other [[Naga people]]
| footnotes =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
}}
{{Naga people}}

The '''Aos''' are a major [[Naga people|Naga]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Mokokchung District]] of [[Nagaland]] in [[Northeast India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mills |first1=JP |title=Ao Nagas (1926)}}</ref> Their main territory is from Tsüla (Dikhu) Valley in the east to Tsürang (Disai) Valley in the west in Mokokchung District.

The '''Ao Nagas''' refer to themselves as '''''Aoer''''', which means "those who came" from across the [[Dikhow River|Dikhu river]].<ref name="Dhanaraju">{{Cite journal|last=Dhanaraju|first=Dr. Vulli|date=2019|title=Cultural History of Beliefs and Rituals: A Study of Ao-Naga Tribe of Nagaland, India|url=https://journals.eduindex.org/index.php/hrj/article/view/8713/4569|journal=History Research Journal|volume=5}}</ref>

They were the first tribe of Nagas to be converted to [[Christianity]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akash |date=2023-09-28 |title=The First People Who Adopted Christianity in Nagaland |url=https://www.northeastbullet.com/christianity-in-nagaland/ |access-date=2025-06-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> and by virtue of this development, the Aos availed themselves of the Western education that came along with Christianity. Christianity first entered into the Ao territory when an American Baptist missionary, [[Edward Winter Clark]], reached an Ao village called Molungkimong in 1872.According to Edwin W. Clark's accounts, when he first set foot in Mulong village in 1872, Mulong, which was under the protectorate of [[Chungtia]], had to seek permission from the latter for his stay which was promptly allowed by Chungtia village. Subsequently, he went on to spread Christianity all over Nagaland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}}

== Distribution ==
The total population of Ao Nagas in Nagaland is approximately 227,000 according to the 2011 census. Ao Nagas are primarily found in the northern part of Nagaland, mostly in the [[Mokokchung District]] and fewer in the adjacent [[Assam]] state. Inhabitants of Ao descents are also found in [[Dimapur]], [[Chümoukedima district|Chümoukedima]] and various other parts of the state.

===Tzürangkong Range===
They lay adjoining the plains of ''Assam'' mostly along the valley of ''Dissai'' and ''Jhanzi'' rivers just before they flow into the plains of ''Assam''. These hillocks are densely covered with bamboos and the climate of the entire range is warm.

===Japukong Range===
It is the outermost range stretching from north-east to south-west lying to the interior south of ''Tzurangkong Range''.

===Jangpetkong Range===
This is a parallel range east of the ''Japukong Range''.

===Asetkong Range===
It is a central range running from east to west but compared to the other ranges, it is the shortest one. This range lies between ''Melak'' and ''Menung'' rivers, and therefore, it resembles an island. Hence the name ''Asetkong (Aset meaning Island)''

===Langpangkong Range===
{{Main|Langpangkong Range}}
It is the easternmost range skirting along the course of ''Dikhu River''. The river forms a natural boundary line of ''Mokokchung'' with [[Tuensang District|Tuensang]] and [[Longleng district|Longleng]] districts. This range is spread like a bed and so the name has been aptly given to this range. ''(Langpang means bed)''

===Onpangkong Range===
It is the southernmost range forming an irregular boundary of the Ao area with that of the [[Lothas]] and [[Sumi Naga|Semas]] to the south and with the [[Sangtam Naga|Sangtams]] to the east. It is called ''Ongpangkong'' as the land is higher and cooler than the other ranges. ''(Ongpang means higher)''

==Culture==
===Festivals===
[[File:Ao Naga Log Drum.jpg|thumb|Ao Naga Ceremonial Log Drum]]

====Moatsü Festival====
{{main|Moatsü}}
The Moatsü Festival (Sowing Festival) is observed in the first week of May every year, after the sowing is done. The festival provides a period of recreation and entertainment after the stressful work of clearing fields, burning jungles and sowing seeds.<ref name="Mokokchung">{{Cite web|url=https://mokokchung.nic.in/culture-heritage/|title=Culture & Heritage|publisher=Govt of Nagaland}}</ref>

====Tsüngremmong Festival====
The Tsüngremmong Festival (Harvest Festival) is the biggest festival of the community and is celebrated immediately after the harvest of the crop. The festival is typically held in August and is marked by offering prayers to God, singing, dancing and feasting.<ref name="Mokokchung"/>

===Religion===
The traditional religion is [[Animism|animist]], holding that spirits, both benevolent and malicious, must be appealed to and placated through ceremony and sacrifice. Among the Ao deities, ''Lichaba'', the [[Creator deity|creator]], is revered most highly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jamir |first=P. Supong |date=2016 |title=The Ao Naga Traditional Indigenous and Religious Beliefs |url=http://fac.ac.in/facj/01-FACJ-6-2016.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Fazl Ali College Journal |volume=6}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=March 2025}}

[[Edwin W. Clark]], an American missionary traveled to Nagaland in 1872 with the intention to carry out missionary work in the country. Clark approached his work among the Ao as a [[civilizing mission]], seeking to replace traditional culture and language with that of the West.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The first family to convert to Christianity was the "Aier" family.<ref>naga_family_records_2010</ref>

Since the 19th century, the majority of Ao have converted to Christianity. Many Ao people, however continue to practice traditional animist festivals and rituals removed from their religious contexts.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}

===Cuisine===
Traditional Ao cuisine is characteristically non-vegetarian food, preferably cooked by boiling instead of frying. Pork meat is the most popular meat and mostly cooked with fermented bamboo shoots. Food flavors are enhanced through local herbal ingredients and spices. Ao cuisine tends to be spicy in nature.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bhardwaj |first=Sushma|title=Exotic Cuisine of Nagaland: Methods of Cooking and the Medicinal Value of Their Edible Flora and Fauna|url=http://journals.du.ac.in/ugresearch/pdf/J22.pdf|journal=DU Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation}}</ref> A signature food item of the Aos is Anishi, a dried paste made from taro leaves. It adds a distinct smoky flavor and deep black color to dishes.

===Handicrafts===
'''Weaving''' is traditionally done by the women who design and weave exquisite patterns in their shawls, sling bags, headgears and wraparound garments (commonly called ''Mekhala'').<ref name="Mokokchung1">{{Cite web|url=https://mokokchung.nic.in/handicraft-2/|title=Handicraft|publisher=Govt of Nagaland}}</ref>

'''Cane and bamboo products''' are used for making mats, basketry, mugs and plates, sofas, head bands, leg guards, bangles, neck bands, necklace, armlets, leggings, Fish Traps and Fish Baskets etc.<ref name="Mokokchung1"/>

'''Wood Carvings''' of human beings, hornbill, mithun head, elephants, tiger and other animals which are displayed at the entrance of the village gates or front doors or porch of the houses.<ref name="Mokokchung1"/>

'''Traditional Ornaments''' worn by both men and women specially during festive occasions, including necklaces, earrings, armlets and bracelets and headgears etc. These are usually made out of beads, brass, bones and horns of animals, boar’s teeth, ivory, shells and precious stones and metals.<ref name="Mokokchung1"/>

'''Pottery''' used for cooking and storing water and other items and are made out of a special type of soils/clay.<ref name="Mokokchung1"/>

'''Metal Work''' consisting of agricultural implements, ornaments, weapons for hunting and war, like spears and the [[Dao (Naga sword)]].<ref name="Mokokchung1"/>

== Notable people ==
* [[L. Kijungluba Ao]] (1906–97), Baptist Missionary
* [[Longri Ao]] (1906–1981) Missionary to the [[Konyak Naga]]s
* [[Mayangnokcha Ao]] (1901–1988), Educationist and Writer
* [[P. Shilu Ao]] (1916–1988), First Chief Minister of the Indian state of Nagaland
* [[Talimeren Ao]] (1918–1988), Footballer
* [[Temsüla Ao]], Writer and Ethnographer
* [[T. Senka Ao]] (born 1945), Journalist
* [[Monalisa Changkija]], Author and Journalist
* [[Metsübo Jamir]] (born 1959), Politician
* [[Piyong Temjen Jamir]], Scholar
* [[S. C. Jamir]] (born 1931), Former Chief Minister of the Indian State of Nagaland and Former Governor of Indian States of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Odisha]]
* [[P. Kilemsungla]] (born 1951), Educationist
* [[Imtikümzük Longkümer]] (1967–2018), Politician
* [[Sharingain Longkümer]] (born 1981), Politician
* [[Temjen Imna Along|Temjen Imna Along Longkümer]] (born 1980), Politician
* [[Macnivil]] (born 1992), Rapper and Recording Artist
* [[Tongpang Ozüküm]] (born 1981), Politician

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File: Aos 2219b.jpg|Ao Naga woman in traditional attire

File:Ao tribesman at his village for festival celebration Nagaland India.jpg|Ao Naga man in [[Chuchuyimlang]] village
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Ao language]]
* [[Naga people]]
* [[Tsüngkotepsü]] (The Ao Naga Shawl)

==Bibliography==
* Mills, J. P. (1926). ''The Ao Nagas''. London: Macmillan and Co.
* Smith, William C. (2002). ''The Ao-Naga tribe of Assam''. New Delhi: Mittal.
* Oppitz, Michael, Thomas Kaiser, Alban von Stockhausen & Marion Wettstein. 2008. ''Naga Identities: Changing Local Cultures in the Northeast of India''. Gent: Snoeck Publishers.
* Kunz, Richard & Vibha Joshi. 2008. ''Naga – A Forgotten Mountain Region Rediscovered''. Basel: Merian.
* von Stockhausen, Alban. 2014. ''Imag(in)ing the Nagas: The Pictorial Ethnography of Hans-Eberhard Kauffmann and Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf''. Arnoldsche, Stuttgart, {{ISBN|978-3-89790-412-5}}.
* Wettstein, Marion. 2014. ''Naga Textiles: Design, Technique, Meaning and Effect of a Local Craft Tradition in Northeast India''. Arnoldsche, Stuttgart, {{ISBN|978-3-89790-419-4}}.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ao Naga}}

{{Naga tribes}}
{{Hill tribes of Northeast India}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Naga people]]
[[Category:Christian communities of India]]
[[Category:People from Mokokchung district]]

Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad

2026-03-26T09:10:18Z

LavernChitwood1: Added the entry needs work

{{Short description|Indian poet (1961–2015)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad
| image = Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad in show.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date text|1961}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-16 |title=అవధాన రారాజు అస్తమయం |url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/andhra-pradesh/kavitha-prasad-passes-away-222140 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=Sakshi |language=te}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Nemali]], [[Gampalagudem mandal]], [[Krishna district]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| birth_name = Rallabandi Venkateswara Prasada Raju
| father = Rallabandi Ramakoteeswararaju
| mother = Rallabandi Ratnavardhanamma
| death_date = {{death date |df=yes|2015|03|15|}}<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/rallabandi-kavitha-prasad-passes-away/article6997744.ece|title=Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad passes away|date=16 March 2015|newspaper=The Hindu|accessdate=15 February 2020}}</ref>
| occupation = Director of the Department of Culture ([[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|United Andhra Pradesh]], and [[Telangana]])
| website =
| awards =
}}

'''Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad''' (born Rallabandi Venkateswara Prasada Raju)<ref>{{Cite web |title=These Beautiful Lines Are Proof That Rallabandi Kavita Prasad Is A Poet Who Has No Comparison! |url=https://chaibisket.com/poetry-by-rallabandi-kavita-prasad/}}</ref> was an [[India]]n [[poet]] and [[Avadhani]]. He performed over 500 'Avadhanams,' including satavadhanam (hundred-fold concentration) and dvisatavadhanam (two-hundred-fold concentration). He also wrote various sadhanas, such as navarasavadhanam (nine-fold concentration) and astadasavadhanam (eighteen-fold concentration).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Litterateur Rallabandi Passes Away |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2015/mar/16/litterateur-rallabandi-passes-away-729059.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=The New Indian Express|date=16 March 2015 }}</ref> He received a [[Doctor of Philosophy]] from [[Osmania University]] for his research titled "Avadhana Vidya - Aaramba Vikaasaalu."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=ఆయనను 'పలకరిస్తే పద్యం! |url=https://magazine.telangana.gov.in/rallabandi-kavitha-prasad/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=తెలంగాణ |language=en-US}}</ref> He was known as "Avadhana RaaRaaju". He is survived by his wife Nagini Devi and sons Ramakoteswara Raju and Samvaran Kashyap.

== Early life and education ==
Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad was born in [[Nemali]], [[Gampalagudem mandal]] of Krishna district (now [[NTR district]]) in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He graduated from a college in [[Sathupalli|Sattupalli]] and later received a B.Ed. from a college in [[Machilipatnam]]. He began his career as a teacher in private schools in the [[Bhadrachalam]] and [[Sarapaka]] areas. He later became a government teacher, where he worked to promote Telugu language and culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2017-12-14 |title=A literary genius nonpareil |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2017-12-13/A-literary-genius-nonpareil/345170 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==Professional career==
Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad joined the [[Indian Information Service]] and served as an Information Officer in [[Hyderabad]]. He then passed the [[Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission|Group-I services]] examination and became a deputy director in the Social Welfare Department. He later served as Regional Joint Director, Director of the Department of Culture in Andhra Pradesh,<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Telugu Conference Tirupathi, Fourth World Telugu Conference, Worldteluguconference.com |url=http://www.worldteluguconference.com/en/executive-committee.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.worldteluguconference.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-01-18 |title=A taste of Telugu this Hyd Lit Fest |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/a-taste-of-telugu-this-hyd-lit-fest/articleshow/18061909.cms |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> and an officer in the [[Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams|Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanams]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=T. T. D. News |title=TTD PRO AND HDPP CHIEF CONDOLES THE DEATH OF RALLABANDI KAVITHA PRASAD – TTD News |url=https://news.tirumala.org/ttd-pro-and-hdpp-chief-condoles-the-death-of-rallabandi-kavitha-prasad/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> in undivided Andhra Pradesh, and later in the newly formed Telangana.

== Promotion of Telugu language and literature ==
Prasad was known for his command of the Telugu language.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-11-06 |title='Perini has lasya too' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/perini-has-lasya-too/article6571328.ece |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He excelled in Avadhanam, performing Ashtavadhanam, Satavadhanam, and introducing Ashtadasa Avadhanam. He performed over 500 Avadhanams.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2015-03-16 |title=Popular Telugu poet Dr Rallabandi dies Hyderabad |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2015-03-16/Popular-Telugu-poet-Dr-Rallabandi-dies-Hyderabad/137681 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

He was also an orator. In the presence of Dr. C. Narayana Reddy, he presented 300 extempore poems in the Kanda Padyam style and was given the title "Aasu Kavi Samrat" by Dr. Reddy. He organized the "Live in Poem" event at the [[Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam|Bhadrachalam temple]].

He helped organize the fourth [[World Telugu Conference]] in [[Tirupati]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |url-status=live |archive-date=May 31, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531183833/https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20121226/281758446620228 |url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/deccan-chronicle/20121226/281758446620228 |title=T-Writers Refuse ASDF to Attend WTC |date=2012-12-26 |publisher=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en |access-date=14 August 2023 |via=[[PressReader]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2015-03-19 |title=Tributes paid to Kavitha Prasad {{!}} Andhra Pradesh First |url=https://www.hyderabadfirst.in/?p=13469 |access-date=2023-05-31 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telugu lit: Neither local, global nor novel? |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2013/jan/19/telugu-lit-neither-local-global-nor-novel-444418.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=The New Indian Express|date=19 January 2013 }}</ref> His published works include "Dhwani", "Ontari Poolabutta", "Agni Hams", "Kaadambin", "Avadhana Vidy— Arambha Vikasal", "Padyamandapa", "Idi Kavisamayam" and "Saptagiridhama Srivenkateswara Swamy". He also authored "Avadhana Vidy Arambha Vikasal", "Padyamandapa", "Idi Kavisamaya", "Nooru teegala veena", "Sakti Upasan", "Dositlo Bhoomandala", "Satavadhana kavita prasada", and "Dwisatavadhana kavita prasada".<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu Poet Rallabandi Kavita Prasad Dies of Illness |url=http://www.gulte.com/movienews/36933/Popular-Telugu-Poet-Dies-of-Illness#sthash.ksmfSKS1.dpuf |work=Gulte.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Photos - Dr. Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad 1st Obituary |url=https://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/81292/dr-rallabandi-kavitha-prasad-1st-obituary-photos.aspx |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.ragalahari.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Health issues and death ==
Prasad suffered a cardiac seizure about a month before his death. He was found to have blockages in three valves and was put on a ventilator.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-03-15 |title=Rallabandi Kavitha Prasad passes away |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/rallabandi-kavitha-prasad-passes-away/article6997744.ece |access-date=2023-05-31 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He experienced kidney failure and died of multiple organ failure at age 53.

Bureaucratic complications delayed the release of funds for his treatment, but then Chief Minister of Telangana, [[K. Chandrashekar Rao|K Chandrashekar Rao]], intervened. His family reportedly faced difficulties obtaining timely financial assistance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2015-03-16 |title=Who killed Rallabandi? |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2015-03-16/Who-killed-Rallabandi/137727 |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy and recognition ==
Prasad was honored with an award for his literary achievements by State Governor ESL Narasimhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raj |first=R. Prithvi |date=2018-08-26 |title=KCR, Chandrababu Naidu firm up moves for 2019 polls |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Commoner/2018-08-26/KCR-Chandrababu-Naidu-firm-up-moves-for-2019-polls/407862?infinitescroll=1 |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prasad, Rallabandi Kavitha}}
[[Category:Date of birth missing]]
[[Category:Place of death missing]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:2015 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from multiple organ failure]]
[[Category:Indian civil servants]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Poets from Telangana]]
{{Improve categories |date=July 2024}}

Pappu Yadav

2026-03-22T09:48:25Z

LavernChitwood1: quick reworked details after review additionally and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1967)}}
{{for|the wrestler|Pappu Yadav (wrestler)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Rajesh Ranjan
| image = File:The Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha), Shri Rajesh Ranjan (Pappu Yadav) meeting the Union Minister for Railways, Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, in New Delhi on March 22, 2016 (cropped).jpg
| caption =
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| termstart = 4 June 2024
| predecessor = [[Santosh Kumar Kushwaha]]
| constituency = [[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]]
| term_start1 = 16 May 2014
| term_end1 = 23 May 2019
| predecessor1 = [[Sharad Yadav]]
| successor1 = [[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]]
| constituency1 = [[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]
| term_start2 = 16 May 2004
| term_end2 = 18 May 2009
| predecessor2 = [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]
| successor2 = [[Sharad Yadav]]
| constituency2 = [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]]
| term_start3 = 6 October 1999
| term_end3 = 16 May 2004
| predecessor3 = [[Jai Krishna Mandal]]
| successor3 = [[Uday Singh]]
| constituency3 = [[Purnea (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnea]]
| term_start4 = 15 June 1991
| term_end4 = 4 December 1997
| predecessor4 = [[Mohammed Taslimuddin]]
| successor4 = [[Jai Krishna Mandal]]
| constituency4 = [[Purnea (Lok Sabha constituency)|Purnea]]
| office5 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| term5 =
| party = [[File:Indian National Congress hand logo.svg|20px]] [[Indian National Congress]] {{small|(since 2024)}}
| otherparty = [[Independent politician|Independent]] (2024),{{unbulleted list|[[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]]|(2015 – 2024)|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]| (1991 – 2015)}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1967|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Madhepura district|Khurda]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| spouse = [[Ranjeet Ranjan]] (INC)
| children = {{unbulleted list|[[Sarthak Ranjan]]|Prakriti Ranjan}}
| residence = AB-7, Pandara Road, [[Delhi]] [[NCT of Delhi]], 110001
| office6 = [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)|President]] of [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]]
| term6 = 9 May 2015 – 20 March 2024
| constituency5 = [[Singheshwar Assembly constituency|Singheshwar]]
| termstart5 = 1990
| termend5 = 1991
| predecessor5 = [[Ramendra Kumar Yadav]]
| successor5 = Bam Bhola Yadav
| education = [[Bachelor of Arts]] ([[Bhupendra Narayan Mandal University|B N Mandal University]])
| successor6 = '' Position abolished ''
| image_size = 200
}}

'''Rajesh Ranjan''' (born 24 December 1967) popularly known as '''Pappu Yadav''', is an Indian politician from [[Bihar]], and a [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|member of Parliament (MP)]] representing [[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia constituency]] in Bihar.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/pappu-yadav-returns-to-rjd-gets-ticket-from-bihar-s-madhepura-494033 Pappu Yadav returns to RJD, gets ticket from Bihar's Madhepura]. Ndtv.com (11 March 2014). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/bihar/ditched-by-the-bjp-pappu-yadav-goes-the-samajwadi-party-way-1219453|title=Ditched by the BJP, Pappu Yadav Goes the Samajwadi Party Way}}</ref>

Emerging from a background linked to crime, Pappu Yadav transitioned into politics in the 1990s. He has been elected to the [[Lok Sabha]] in [[1991 Indian general election|1991]], [[1996 Indian general election|1996]], [[1999 Indian general election|1999]], [[2004 Indian general election|2004]], [[2014 Indian general election|2014]] and [[2024 Indian general election|2024]], representing various constituencies in Bihar either independently or under different party banners including the [[Samajwadi Party]], [[Lok Janshakti Party]], and [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD)]], but his electoral success has been largely independent of party affiliations.

In the 2015 Bihar elections he formed his own party, [[Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]]<ref>{{cite news |date=10 June 2015 |title=Purnea MP Pappu Yadav forms new Jan Adhikar Party with Brajesh Sah as Pradesh Mahasachiv |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/purnea-mp-pappu-yadav-forms-new-jan-adhikar-party/articleshow/47607001.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref> but failed to make any impact and could barely capture any votes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/elections/bihar2015/owaisi-pappu-yadav-fail-to-make-impact/article7858679.ece|title=Owaisi, Pappu Yadav fail to make impact|date=2015-11-09|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-04-25}}</ref> On 20 March 2024, he merged his party with the [[Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress (INC)]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pappu-yadav-merges-jan-adhikar-party-with-congress-ahead-of-elections-101710929830979-amp.html|title=Pappu Yadav merges Jan Adhikar Party with Congress ahead of elections|date=2024-03-20|language=en-IN}}</ref>

==Early life==

Pappu Yadav was born on 24 December 1967 in a [[Zamindars of Bihar|zamindar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-21 |title=Pappu Yadav: Potential kingmaker to watch out for in Bihar polls 2020 |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/bihar/article/pappu-yadav-potential-kingmaker-to-watch-out-for-in-bihar-polls/670512 |access-date=2025-10-27 |website=www.timesnownews.com |language=en}}</ref> family in Khurda Karveli village ([[Kumarkhand (community development block)|Kumarkhand]] block), [[Madhepura district]], [[Bihar]]. He studied in [[Anand Marg]] School at Anand Palli, [[Supaul]]. He completed graduation in [[political science]] from [[B N Mandal University|B. N. Mandal University]], [[Madhepura]] and a diploma in [[Disaster Management|disaster management]] and [[human rights]] from [[IGNOU]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-pappu-yadav-qualification-know-his-degree-and-subjects-purnia-lok-sabha-seat-23690924.html|title=Pappu Yadav: कितने पढ़े-लिखे हैं पप्पू यादव, जानिए उनकी डिग्री से लेकर क्वालिफिकेशन तक, संपत्ति में भी काफी आगे |website=Dainik Jagran|access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref>

Rajesh Ranjan is his official name but nickname Pappu was given by his grandfather in childhood. He is married to [[Ranjeet Ranjan]]. She was also an MP from [[Madhepura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Madhepura]] but lost to [[Janata Dal (United)|Janata Dal (United) (JDU)]] in 2019 general election. His son [[Sarthak Ranjan]], is a [[Twenty20|T-20]] [[cricket]] player for [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=ankur.shukla |title=मम्मी-पापा से बिल्कुल अलग है इस लड़के की कहानी, राजनीति नहीं क्रिकेट की दुनिया में करना चाहता है करिश्मा |url=https://hindi.asianetnews.com/gallery/bihar-election/bihar-election-story-of-cricketer-sarthak-ranjan-son-of-pappu-yadav-and-ranjita-ranjan-asa-qisuio |access-date=2021-09-20 |website=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Sarthak Ranjan |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/956405.html |access-date=10 January 2016 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>

Yadav's entry into the criminal world was facilitated by his maternal uncle, Arjun Singh, a dominant figure in his district, who used to run a [[Parallel state|parallel government]] in the area. Yadav succeeded Singh in his operations and founded the youth organization ''Yuva Shakti'', which allegedly engaged in criminal activities under his leadership.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-12 |title=The gangs of Purnea: The journey of gangsters from intimidation to elections |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/the-gangs-of-purnea-the-journey-of-gangsters-from-intimidation-to-election-2465124.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>

==Politics==
Yadav's political journey began with his independent win in the [[Singheshwar Assembly constituency|Singheshwar constituency]] in the [[1990 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]]. He soon garnered the attention of prominent politicians, including RJD chief [[Lalu Prasad Yadav]]. In the [[1991 Indian general election]], Yadav won the Purnia Lok Sabha constituency with a significant margin, solidifying his influence in the [[Kosi division|Kosi region]].

In 2008, Yadav was convicted of murder and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]], which disqualified him from fighting future elections.<ref name=":0" />

=== 2009 Lok Sabha election ===
[[File:The Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha), Shri Rajesh Ranjan (Pappu Yadav) meeting the Union Minister for Railways, Shri Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu, in New Delhi on March 22, 2016.jpg|thumb|Pappu Yadav meeting the Union Minister for Railways, [[Suresh Prabhakar Prabhu]]]]
On 2 April 2009, the [[Patna High Court]] rejected Yadav's plea to be allowed to contest the [[2009 Indian general election|2009 Indian parliamentary elections]] because he had been convicted of murder. On 11 April, RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav expelled Pappu Yadav from the party. His mother Shanti Priya fought elections in his place, she lost to [[Uday Singh]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)]].

=== 2010 Bihar election ===
During [[2010 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]], Pappu Yadav along with Anil Yadav and Rampravesh Rai were expelled from the RJD for alleged anti-party activity. They were charged with working against the party's official nominee for [[Fatuha Assembly constituency]], Ramanand Yadav.

=== 2014 Lok Sabha election ===
Yadav was acquitted of murder and subsequently fought in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 general elections]].

Pappu Yadav defeated JD(U)'S [[Sharad Yadav]] and become an MP for the fifth time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-16 |title=BJP wipes out Nitish's JDU in Bihar, Sharad Yadav humbled |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/bjp-wipes-out-nitishs-jdu-in-bihar-sharad-yadav-humbled-1527253.html |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref> His wife, Ranjeet Ranjan was also elected from Supaul from Congress. Pappu Yadav became one of the 'best performing' MPs from Bihar in 2015 for his attendance and participation in debates.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-03-22 |title=Pappu Yadav, once accused of murder, now among 'best performing' MPs in Lok Sabha |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pappu-yadav-once-accused-of-murder-now-among-best-performing-mps/article1-1329193.aspx |access-date=2024-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322091201/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pappu-yadav-once-accused-of-murder-now-among-best-performing-mps/article1-1329193.aspx |archive-date=22 March 2015 }}</ref>

=== 2015 Bihar election ===
On 7 May 2015, the RJD expelled him due to anti-party activities, after which he founded a new party [[Jan Adhikar Party|Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik)]].<ref name="india1">[http://zeenews.india.com/news/bihar/madhepura-mp-pappu-yadav-expelled-from-rjd-may-join-hands-with-bjp_1591527.html Madhepura MP Pappu Yadav expelled from RJD, may join hands with BJP | Zee News]. Zeenews.india.com (7 May 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref>

Pappu Yadav floated the new party just before the [[2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Expelled-RJD-MP-Pappu-Yadav-floats-new-party/articleshow/47319368.cms Expelled RJD MP Pappu Yadav floats new party – The Times of India]. Timesofindia.indiatimes.com (17 May 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150610223844/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pappu-yadav-could-win-over-disgruntled-lalu-supporters-in-bihar/article1-1357284.aspx Pappu Yadav could win over disgruntled Lalu supporters in Bihar]. Hindustantimes.com (11 June 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref><ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bihar2025-campaign-stunt-pappu-yadav/article7303500.ece Bihar@2025 campaign stunt: Pappu Yadav]. The Hindu (11 June 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref><ref>[http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bihar2025-campaign-political-stunt-ec-should-stop-it-pappu-yadav/articleshow/47618675.cms Bihar@2025 campaign political stunt, EC should stop it: Pappu Yadav – The Economic Times]. Economictimes.indiatimes.com (10 June 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref><ref name="thehindubusinessline1">[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/politics/pappu-yadav-launches-new-party/article7298822.ece Pappu Yadav launches new party | Business Line]. Thehindubusinessline.com (9 June 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref> He campaigned against the [[Nitish Kumar|Nitish]]-Lalu alliance.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150702062547/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1150629/jsp/bihar/story_28356.jsp#.VZGCpIuUdyz Yadavs join hands to fight in unison]. Telegraphindia.com (29 June 2015). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref> His party fought on 64 seats as part of Socialist Secular Morcha to form a third front in but failed to win any seats in the [[16th Bihar Assembly]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 September 2015 |title=Samajwadi Party teams up with Pappu Yadav, NCP, 3 others to form third front |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/samajwadi-party-teams-up-with-pappu-yadav-ncp-3-others-to-form-third-front/articleshow/49028112.cms |newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

=== 2019 Lok Sabha election ===
Pappu Yadav suffered a defeat in [[2019 Indian general election|2019]] when he contested from his own party from Madhepura constituency but came third behind [[Dinesh Chandra Yadav (Indian politician)|Dinesh Chandra Yadav]] and [[Sharad Yadav]]. His wife lost her seat to [[Dileshwar Kamait]] after contesting from Congress.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 May 2013 |title='Supreme Court will be moved against Pappu Yadav's acquittal' |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/supreme-court-will-be-moved-against-pappu-yadavs-acquittal/article4727692.ece |work=The Hindu |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

===2020 Bihar election===
In September 2020, prior to the [[2020 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|Bihar Assembly elections]], Yadav floated a new alliance called People Democratic Alliance which contained parties like [[Bahujan Mukti Party]] and [[Social Democratic Party of India]], [[Indian Union Muslim League]] along with [[Azad Samaj Party (Kanshi Ram)|Azad Samaj Party]], the party of [[Dalit]] activist and president of [[Bhim Army]], [[Chandrashekhar Azad Ravan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/india/bihar-assembly-election-2020-pappu-yadav-forms-poll-alliance-with-chandrasekhar-azad-to-take-on-ruling-nda-2313151.html|title=Bihar Assembly election 2020: Pappu Yadav forms poll alliance with Chandrasekhar Azad to take on ruling NDA|website=Zee News|access-date=2020-09-30}}</ref>

=== 2024 Lok Sabha election ===

Pappu Yadav, who contested the Purnia Lok Sabha seat in Bihar as an independent candidate, won the seat by a margin of over 23,000 votes. He defeated JDU candidate Santosh Kushwaha and RJD candidate [[Bima Bharti]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PTI |title=Lok Sabha Elections 2024 {{!}} Independent Pappu Yadav wins Purnia in Bihar |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/india/lok-sabha-elections-2024-independent-pappu-yadav-wins-purnia-in-bihar-3052558 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Roushan |first=Anurag |date=2024-06-04 |title=Purnia Election Results 2024: Pappu Yadav wins against JDU's Santosh Kumar |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/bihar/news-purnia-lok-sabha-election-result-2024-jdu-santosh-kumar-kushwaha-rjd-bima-bharti-pappu-yadav-vote-counting-winning-losing-candidates-latest-updates-2024-06-04-934160 |access-date=2024-06-05 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
Pappu Yadav was elected as MP, four times from the Purnia and twice from Madhepura constituency.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! From !! To !! Position
!Constituency!! Party
|-
| 1990
| 1991
| [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] (1st term)
|[[Singheshwar Assembly constituency|Singheshwar]]
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| 1991
| 1996
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (1st term) in [[10th Lok Sabha]] ([[By-election|by-poll]])
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]]
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| 1996
| 1998
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (2nd term) in [[11th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]]
| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 1999
| 2004
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (3rd term) in [[13th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]]
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
| 2004
| 2009
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (4th term) in [[14th Lok Sabha]] (by-poll)
|[[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|-
| 2014
| 2019
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (5th term) in [[16th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Madhepura Lok Sabha constituency|Madhepura]]
| [[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|-
| 2024
| 2029
| [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (6th term) in [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|[[Purnia Lok Sabha constituency|Purnia]]
| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|}

== Controversies ==
Yadav was allegedly involved in aiding Kim Davy, the prime accused in the [[Purulia arms drop case]], in evading Indian authorities in 1995 during his tenure as an independent MP.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 April 2011 |title=Delhi okayed and done by Purulia arms drop: Davy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata-/Delhi-okayed-Purulia-arms-drop-Davy/articleshow/8113799.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103204520/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-04-29/kolkata/29486692_1_arms-drop-kim-davy-purulia |archive-date=3 January 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

In 2008, Pappu Yadav was convicted by a special court in [[Ajit Sarkar]] murder case of 1998 and sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine |date=February 14, 2008 |title=Pappu Yadav gets life term in Ajit Sarkar murder case |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/pappu-yadav-gets-life-term-in-ajit-sarkar-murder-case-22866-2008-02-14 |access-date=2018-12-30 |magazine=India Today |language=en |agency=}}</ref> He was involved in various controversies while in imprisonment, like holding audiences and having unrestricted access to cellphones. He was acquitted in 2013 by the Patna High Court. [[Central Bureau of Investigation|Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)]] has filed an appeal challenging his arrest in the [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/purnea-misses-chalk-cheese-residents-recollect-war-between-ajit-sarkar-pappu-yadav/cid/189898|title=Purnea misses chalk & cheese - Residents recollect war between Ajit Sarkar & Pappu Yadav|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pappu-yadav-acquitted-in-ajit-sarkar-murder-case/articleshow/20107564.cms|title=Pappu Yadav acquitted in Ajit Sarkar murder case|date=2013-05-17|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-12-30}}</ref>

In his autobiography ''Drohkaal ka Pathik'', released in November 2013, Pappu Yadav has alleged that three MPs of [[Indian Federal Democratic Party]] got money from the then [[Ministry of Finance (India)|finance minister]] [[Yashwant Sinha]], to join the [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]] in 2001. He has also claimed that during the [[Cash-for-votes scandal|July 2008 trust vote]], both the Congress and BJP had offered "Rs 40 crore each" to MPs for their support.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pappu-s-memoirs-payoffs-from-upa---nda/1200046/ Pappu Yadav in memoir: Both Cong, BJP offered MPs Rs 40 crore each]. Indian Express (27 November 2013). Retrieved on 2015-07-28.</ref>

In 2015 he was once again in controversy after being reported to have allegedly threatened to hit a [[Jet Airways]] airhostess with slippers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bihar Lawmaker Pappu Yadav Allegedly Threatened to Hit Airhostess With Slippers |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bihar-lawmaker-pappu-yadav-allegedly-threatened-to-hit-airhostess-with-slippers-772461 |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=NDTV.com}}</ref>

In June 2020, Pappu Yadav and his supporters defaced advertisements and billboards of Chinese companies on the streets of Patna, after the [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|Galwan clash]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bihar: Pappu Yadav blackens billboards with Chinese ads |newspaper=The Times of India |date=18 June 2020 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/patna/bihar-pappu-yadav-blackens-billboards-with-chinese-ads/articleshow/76451159.cms}}</ref>

In May 2021, Pappu Yadav was arrested in a 32 year old kidnapping case and for flouting [[Social distancing measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic|COVID-19 norms]]. Pappu Yadav has alleged political vendetta as he was raising questions against government expenditures in ambulance management during COVID-19.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/ex-mp-pappu-yadav-arrested-in-32-yr-old-kidnapping-case/articleshow/82557627.cms Ex-MP Pappu Yadav arrested in 32-yr-old kidnapping case]. Times of India (12 May 2021)| Retrieved on 1 July 2021</ref>

As per 2019 election [[affidavit]], Pappu Yadav has 31 pending cases against him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asset and declared cases comparison:Rajesh Ranjan Alias Pappu Yadav |url=https://www.myneta.info/compare_profile.php?group_id=RFZ4UP8dGBaoopoYWyq |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> This number shot up to 41 in 2024.

On 12 April 2023, he was convicted under Section 147 and 353 of the [[Indian Penal Code|Indian Penal Code (IPC)]] a special MP/MLA court in [[Patna]]. On 24 November 2023, he was convicted under IPC Section 414 by the same court. Yadav has filed an appeal for both the cases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajesh Ranjan Alias Pappu Yadav(Independent(IND)):Constituency- PURNIA(BIHAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=2710 |access-date=2024-07-19 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Mafia Raj]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://sansad.in/ls/members/biography/554?from=members/ Lok Sabha profile]
{{18th LS members from Bihar|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Pappu}}
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:People from Madhepura district]]
[[Category:Independent politicians in India]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Lok Janshakti Party politicians]]
[[Category:India MPs 1991–1996]]
[[Category:People from Purnia district]]
[[Category:India MPs 1996–1997]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian politicians convicted of crimes]]

Rail Bhawan

2026-03-21T16:14:13Z

LavernChitwood1: Improved article clarity and structure

{{Short description|Bhawan railway headquarters}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
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}}
'''Rail Bhawan''' is the [[headquarters]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sarkaritel.com/ministries/railway/index.htm |title=Ministry of Railways, Government of India |access-date=2011-05-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521074031/http://www.sarkaritel.com/ministries/railway/index.htm |archive-date=2011-05-21 }}</ref> It is located at Raisina Road, New Delhi, near the [[Sansad Bhavan]] (Parliament House).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrated Government Online Directory |url=https://igod.gov.in/organization/M84zv3QBGZk0jujBKgGW |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=goidirectory.gov.in |language=en}}</ref>

The office of [[Minister of Railways]] [[Sri|Shri]] [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]] and Minister of State, Railways Shri Ravneet Singh and Shri V. Somanna is in the Rail Bhavan, along with the Railway Board, comprising 7 members headed by Chairman Railway Board, Shri Satish Kumar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Livemint |date=2023-08-31 |title=Govt appoints Jaya Verma Sinha as first woman CEO, chairperson of Railway Board |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/govt-appoints-jaya-verma-sinha-as-first-woman-ceo-chairperson-of-railway-board-11693476003458.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201040358/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/govt-appoints-jaya-verma-sinha-as-first-woman-ceo-chairperson-of-railway-board-11693476003458.html |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=mint |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

== History ==
Rail Bhawan was constructed during the [[British Raj|British era]] and continued to function as the headquarters of [[Indian Railways]] following Indian independence.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dash |first=Deepak K |date=2022-08-12 |title=No more customary salute at gates of railway offices |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/no-more-customary-salute-at-gates-of-railway-offices/articleshow/93528962.cms |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A notable historic fixture on its ground was an old [[Darjeeling Himalayan Railway]] steam locomotive from 1925 was relocated in 2021 to the [[National Rail Museum, New Delhi|National Rail Museum]], replaced by a symbolic [[Vande Bharat Express]] replica to reflect modern railway advancement.<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.ETInfra.com |title=Replica of Vande Bharat to replace heritage steam loco at Rail Bhawan, ETInfra |url=https://infra.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/railways/replica-of-vande-bharat-to-replace-heritage-steam-loco-at-rail-bhawan/88139669 |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=ETInfra.com |language=en}}</ref> In 2021, the Railway Board approved a modernization plan as part of the [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]], aimed at aligning Rail Bhawan's aesthetics and facilities with a broader vision of a contemporary and cohesive government secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Central Vista of Today |url=https://centralvista.gov.in/central-vista-by-today.php |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=centralvista.gov.in}}</ref>

== Architecture ==
Rail Bhawan is situated near the [[Parliament House, New Delhi|Parliament House]] in [[Lutyens' Delhi|Lutyens' New Delhi]], Rail Bhawan embodies the formal government architecture typical of the 1930s-40s. The building's prime location and structural solidity reflect its central administrative function. The building has Chajjas and Chattris on its roof, topped by domes. This is to reflect Luytens' architectural style in the building.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akhtar |first=S. M. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Habib_Rahman/TkOdDwAAQBAJ |title=Habib Rahman: The Architect of Independent India |date=2017-10-16 |publisher=copal publishing |isbn=978-93-83419-35-7 |page=5 |language=en}}</ref> The architectural overhaul under the Central Vista plan is focused on enhancing internal space efficiency, with improved ventilation, better natural light, and a decluttered work environment.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-24 |title=Railway Board okays redesigning of Rail Bhawan, says Central Vista 'aesthetics' be kept in view |url=https://www.inkl.com/news/railway-board-okays-redesigning-of-rail-bhawan-says-central-vista-aesthetics-be-kept-in-view |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=inkl |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-25 |title=Central Vista: Railway Board approves redesigning of Rail Bhawan based on project’s aesthetics |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-central-vista-railway-board-approves-redesigning-of-rail-bhawan-based-on-projects-aesthetics-2219853/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/ Official website of the Ministry of Railways]
* {{Commons category-inline|Rail Bhavan}}

{{Indian Railways}}

[[Category:Ministry of Railways (India)]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Delhi]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Nader Shah's Sindh expedition

2026-03-17T20:04:17Z

LavernChitwood1: Content updated and refined

{{short description|1739 Afsharid conquest in India}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Nader Shah's Sindh expedition
| partof = [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]] & [[Nader's Campaigns]]
| image = Rani Kot48a.jpg
| alt = Rani Kot48a
| image_size = 360px
| caption = Nader's expedition took him from the freezing heights of the [[Hindu Kush]] to the scorching heat of the Sindh valley over some of the most rugged terrain in Asia which was also host to a myriad of fortresses & strongholds.
| date = Early July 1739 – Late February 1740
| place = [[Hindu Kush]] & [[Sindh]]
| result = Afsharid victory
| territory = The Persian Empire subjugates [[Sindh]] and solidifies its hold on the rest of the newly annexed lands from the [[Mughal Empire]].<ref name="Axworthy 2009 p278">Axworthy, Michael (2009). The Sword of Persia: Nader Shah, from tribal warrior to conquering tyrant, p. 278. I. B. Tauris</ref>
| combatant1 = [[File:Afsharid Imperial Standard (3 Stripes).svg|36px]] [[Afsharid Iran|Persian Empire]]
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Black flag.svg}} [[Kalhora dynasty]]
| commander1 = [[Nader Shah]]
| commander2 = [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro]]{{POW}}<ref>Mirza, kalich beg(1902). The history of Sindh Mirza kalich beg part two, p. 148.</ref>
| strength1 = Unknown
| strength2 = Unknown
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| campaignbox = {{Campaingbox Nader}}
}}

The '''Sindh expedition''' was one of [[Nader Shah]]'s last campaigns during [[Nader Shah's invasion of India|his war in northern India]]. After his victory over [[Muhammad Shah]], the [[List of emperors of the Mughal Empire|Mughal Emperor]], Nader had compelled him to cede all the lands to the west of the [[Indus River]]. His return to this region from [[Delhi]] was honoured by all the governors of the newly annexed territories save for [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro|Khudayar Khan]],{{efn|''Khudayar Khan'' was a title given to [[Noor Mohammad Kalhoro]], the amir of Sind by [[Muhammad Shah]].}} ruler of [[Sindh]], who was conspicuously absent despite being given a summons like the rest of the governors.

==Nader's descent onto Sindh==
Nader set out across the [[Hindu Kush]] mountains on a 1,700 kilometre journey which came to a close within 2 months.<ref name="Axworthy 2009 p278"/> The astonished Khodayar Khan was caught completely off balance and could not gather forces to resist, given the unexpected emergence of the Imperial army as well as the rapidity of its advance into his lands. Completely dismayed and demoralised he surrendered himself to Nader, whence he was chained and all his personal wealth including his treasury confiscated. After the intercedence of a sympathetic governor, Nader reinstated Khodayar Khan as the ruler of Sindh. He left a few [[Afsharid Dynasty|Afsharid]] [[Qizilbash]] cavalrymen and trusted functionaries in different areas of the territory to maintain his rule and crush any further subversion. The descendants of these officials have fully assimilated into the Sindhi culture as of now and the ones that were particularly installed in [[Shikarpur, Sindh|Shikarpur]] assimilated into the surrounding majority resident [[Pashtun]] population.

==See also==
* [[Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire]]
* [[Battle of Khyber Pass]]
* [[Battle of Karnal]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Axworthy, Michael, Nader Shah: The Sword of Persia, From Tribal Warrior to Conquering Tyrant, I.B. Tauris, 2009
* Lockhart, Laurence, Nadir Shah; A Critical Study Based Mainly Upon Contemporary Sources, London, Luzac & Co 1938

[[Category:Military history of Sindh]]
[[Category:1739 in India]]
[[Category:1740 in India]]
[[Category:Battles involving Afsharid Iran]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Sind State]]

Sadhu Mirandal

2026-03-04T05:12:33Z

LavernChitwood1: Created first post w/ sources

{{short description|1966 film by A. Bhimsingh}}
{{distinguish|Sadhu Miranda}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sadhu Mirandal
| image = Sadhu Mirandal poster.jpg

| caption = Poster
| director = [[Thirumalai–Mahalingam]]
| screenplay = [[A. Bhimsingh]]
| story = Usilai Somanathan
| producer = A. Bhimsingh
| starring = {{ubl|[[Nagesh]]|[[T. R. Ramachandran]]}}
| cinematography = G. Vittal Rao
| editing = A. Paul Durai Singham
| music = [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]]
| studio = Sree Venkateswara Cinetone
| distributor = Sun Beam
| released = {{film date|1966|4|14|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Sadhu Mirandal''''' ({{translation|If the meek are angered}}) is a 1966 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime thriller film]] directed by the duo [[Thirumalai–Mahalingam]]. It was produced by [[A. Bhimsingh]], who also wrote the screenplay based on a real incident about a bank official murdered for money by three people in a moving car. The film stars [[Nagesh]] and [[T. R. Ramachandran]]. Released on 14 April 1966, it became a critical and commercial success, and was later remade in [[Hindi]] by Bhimsingh as ''[[Sadhu Aur Shaitaan]]'' (1969).{{sfn|Gahlot|2015|loc=chpt. 41}}{{sfn|Pillai|2015|p=253}}

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=November 2021}}

== Cast ==
* [[Nagesh]] as the taxi driver<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=P. V. |date=5 June 2017 |title=Filmy Ripples – Cars that added glitter to movies |url=https://tcrcindia.com/2017/06/05/filmy-ripples-cars-that-added-glitter-to-movies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180315173925/https://tcrcindia.com/2017/06/05/filmy-ripples-cars-that-added-glitter-to-movies/ |archive-date=15 March 2018 |access-date=15 March 2018 |website=The Cinema Resource Centre}}</ref>
* [[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Pasupathy<ref name="DinamalarNellai" />
* [[O. A. K. Thevar]] as Narasimhan<ref name="DinamalarNellai" />
* [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Karpagam<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Kalpana (Kannada actress)|Kalpana]] as Kalpana<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Kutty Padmini]] as the bank manager's daughter<ref name="BFTP" />
* [[Master Prabhakar]] as the bank manager's son<ref name="BFTP" />

== Production ==
On 13 November 1958 in Madras (now [[Chennai]]), Suryanarayana, a bank official, was murdered for money by his friend Narayana Swamy and associates Vijayakumar and Joginder, while travelling via Narayana Swamy's car after taking a large sum of cash from his bank's head office in [[Parry's Corner]] to his branch in [[T. Nagar]]. Vijayakumar and Narayana Swamy were apprehended, but Joginder escaped.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=8 July 2012 |title=Rathnamala (1948) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/rathnamala-1948/article3614433.ece |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180809090532/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/rathnamala-1948/article3614433.ece |archive-date=9 August 2018}}</ref> This incident became known as the "Suryanarayana Murder Case", and inspired [[A. Bhimsingh]] to write a screenplay.<ref name="BFTP" /> He produced it under the banner Sree Venkateswara Cinetone as the film ''Sadhu Mirandal'', which his assistants [[Thirumalai–Mahalingam]] directed.<ref name="BFTP" /><ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> The story and dialogues were written by Usilai Somanathan. Art direction was handled by H. Shantaram, editing by A. Paul Durai Singham and cinematography by G. Vittal Rao.<ref name="movie" /> [[A. Veerappan]] also contributed to the script, but was not credited.<ref name="DinamalarNellai" /> It is the feature film debut of [[Master Prabhakar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=எம்ஜிஆர், சிவாஜிக்கு செல்லப்பிள்ளை… இப்போது ஜெராக்ஸ் கடை ஓனர் |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-actor-master-prabhkar-lifestyle-update-384022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708085350/https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil-cinema-actor-master-prabhkar-lifestyle-update-384022/ |archive-date=8 July 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=ta}}</ref> The final length of the film was {{convert|3996|metres|feet}}.<ref name="lakshmansruthi" />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[T. K. Ramamoorthy]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadhu Mirandal |url=http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/37894 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428175529/http://tamilsongslyrics123.com/listlyrics/37894 |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=28 April 2021 |website=Songs4all}}</ref><ref name="movie" /> Ramamoorthy earlier composed for films with [[M. S. Viswanathan]] (under the name [[Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy]]) and this was his first film as a solo composer.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 April 2013 |title=எம்.எஸ்.வி. உடன் இணைந்து இசையமைத்தவர் பழம்பெரும் இசையமைப்பாளர் டி.கே.ராமமூர்த்தி மரணம் |language=ta |work=[[Dinakaran]] |url=http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9464&id1=3 |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180315173302/http://cinema.dinakaran.com/cine-news-details.aspx?id=9464&id1=3 |archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref> One song, "A for Apple... B for Biscuit...", written by Thanjai Vaanan and sung by [[A. L. Raghavan]] and [[L. R. Eswari]], attained popularity,<ref name="BFTP" /> as did "Arulvaaye Nee Arulvaaye", sung by [[M. Balamuralikrishna]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 November 2016 |title=சின்னக்கண்ணனை அழைத்துக்கொண்ட இறைவன்: பாலமுரளி கிருஷ்ணா மறைவு |language=ta |work=[[Dinamalar]] |url=https://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/53357/cinema/Kollywood/Bala-Murali-Krishna-passes-away.htm |url-status=live |access-date=11 May 2018 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180511102443/http://cinema.dinamalar.com/tamil-news/53357/cinema/Kollywood/Bala-Murali-Krishna-passes-away.htm |archive-date=11 May 2018}}</ref> This song is set in the [[Carnatic raga]] [[Sindhu Bhairavi (raga)|Sindhu Bhairavi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 November 2016 |title=திரைப்படப் பாடல்களும் பாலமுரளி கிருஷ்ணாவும்! |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2016/nov/25/திரைப்படப்-பாடல்களும்-பாலமுரளி-கிருஷ்ணாவும்-2604941.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708085648/https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2016/nov/25/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D-2604941.html |archive-date=8 July 2022 |access-date=8 July 2022 |website=[[Dinamani]] |language=ta}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Arulvaaye Nee Arulvaaye
| lyrics1 = [[Alangudi Somu]]
| extra1 = [[M. Balamuralikrishna]]
| length1 = 3:36
| title2 = Pattali Thozhilalarkalai
| lyrics2 = Alangudi Somu
| extra2 = [[S. C. Krishnan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
| length2 = 7:54
| title3 = A for Apple... B for Biscuit...
| lyrics3 = Thanjai Vanan
| extra3 = [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[L. R. Eswari]], S. V. Ponnusamy, Sundar–[[S. N. Surendar|Surendran]], Lalitha
| length3 = 4:04
| title4 = Nadakame Intha Ulagam
| lyrics4 = Thanjai Vanan
| extra4 = [[A. L. Raghavan]]
| length4 = 6:45
| total_length = 22:19 
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Sadhu Mirandal'' was released on 14 April 1966,<ref name="lakshmansruthi" /> and was distributed by Sun Beam.<ref name="movie" /> The film became a commercial success,<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Srinivasan |first=A. L. |year=1967 |title=Tamil Film-makers Forge Ahead |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4HZTAAAAYAAJ&q=forge |magazine=Film World |volume=3 |pages=171–172 |access-date=8 July 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and received praise from ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' for its innovative storyline and making.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=1 May 1966 |title=சாது மிரண்டால் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/may/01-05-1966/p25.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220726053504/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1966/may/01-05-1966/p25.jpg |archive-date=26 July 2022 |access-date=17 November 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=25 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="DinamalarNellai">{{Cite web |last=Vamanan |author-link=Vamanan |date=24 April 2017 |title=கலைமாமணி வாமனனின் 'நிழலல்ல நிஜம்' – 73 {{!}} சிரிப்பு நடிகர்கள் வந்தார்கள் போனார்கள்; சிரித்துக்கொண்டே இருந்தார் ஏ.வீரப்பன்! |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/26542 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405121509/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/26542 |archive-date=5 April 2018 |access-date=5 April 2018 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta |location=Nellai}}</ref>
<ref name="BFTP">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=14 April 2012 |title=Saadhu Mirandal (1966) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/saadhu-mirandal-1966/article3314649.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312062030/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/chen-columns/saadhu-mirandal-1966/article3314649.ece |archive-date=12 March 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="lakshmansruthi">{{Cite web |title=1966 – சாது மிரண்டால் ஸ்ரீ வெங்கடேஸ்வரா சினிடோன். |trans-title=1966 – Sadhu Mirandal Sree Venkateswara Cinetone. |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails12.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315114239/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1966-cinedetails12.asp |archive-date=15 March 2018 |access-date=23 May 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
<ref name="movie">{{Cite AV media |title=Sadhu Mirandal |type=motion picture |language=ta |publisher=Sree Venkateswara Cinetone |year=1966 |time=0:05 to 3:50 |time-caption=Opening credits, from}}</ref>

</references>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Gahlot |first=Deepa |title=Take-2: 50 Films That Deserve a New Audience |publisher=[[Hay House]] |year=2015 |isbn=978-93-84544-82-9 |location=India |chapter=Sadhu Aur Shaitan |author-link=Deepa Gahlot}}
* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=9789351501213}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{A. Bhimsingh}}

[[Category:1960s crime thriller films]]
[[Category:1966 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1966 films]]
[[Category:1966 Indian films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Tamil Nadu Police]]
[[Category:Films about organised crime in India]]
[[Category:Films scored by T. K. Ramamoorthy]]
[[Category:Films set in Chennai]]
[[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nee Venunda Chellam

2026-03-03T04:29:09Z

LavernChitwood1: formatting fix

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nee Venunda Chellam.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = L. Venkatesan
| writer = L. Venkatesan
| producer = {{ubl|A. Palanivel|V. C. Anandan}}
| starring = {{ubl|[[Jithan Ramesh|Ramesh]]|[[Gajala]]|[[Namitha]]}}
| music = [[Dhina]]
| studio = AP Film Garden
| released = {{film date|df=y|2006|8|17}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nee Venunda Chellam''''' ({{Translation|I want you, dear}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic action film]], written and directed by L. Venkatesan, starring [[Jithan Ramesh|Ramesh]], [[Gajala]] and [[Namitha]] in lead roles, with [[Thilakan]], [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] and [[Vincent Asokan]] playing supporting roles. The music is composed by [[Dhina]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=S R Ashok |date=26 May 2006 |title=Action with a streak of comedy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/action-with-a-streak-of-comedy/article3218225.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430053751/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/action-with-a-streak-of-comedy/article3218225.ece |archive-date=30 April 2024 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=20 May 2020 }}</ref> The film was released on 17 August 2006.

== Plot ==

The movie begins with Kannan falling in love with Geetha, a girl living in his neighborhood. Her father Viswanathan, a government employee, learns of Kannan's crushes on his daughter and plays all tricks and prevents Kannan from reaching out to his daughter.

Anjali also resides in the same locality. Ashok, a dreaded gangster and Anjali's uncle, makes plans to marry her. He ends up bashing all those who try to propose Anjali.

The turn of events results in Anjali mistaking Kannan of loving her. This results in Ashokan's men go behind Kannan's trail. Meanwhile, Kannan manages to meet Geetha and opens his heart. Learning of this, Anjali manages to kidnap Geetha and threatens Kannan to marry her.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Jithan Ramesh|Ramesh]] as Kannan
* [[Gajala]] as Geetha Viswanathan
* [[Namitha]] as Anjali
* Babilona in a special appearance
* [[Thilakan]] as Viswanathan
* [[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] as Renigunda Reddy/Royapuram Mani
* [[Vincent Asokan]] as Ashok
* [[Nizhalgal Ravi]] as Kannan's father
* [[Thambi Ramaiah]]
}}

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Dhina]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nee Venunda Chellam (2006) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/nee-venunda-chellam-songs-T0000795 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010192136/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/nee-venunda-chellam-songs-T0000795 |archive-date=10 October 2020 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Lyrics
|-
| "Ennada Athisayam" || [[Jassie Gift]], [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]] || [[Pa. Vijay]]
|-
| "Eppadiyum" || [[Mahathi (singer)|Mahathi]], [[Silambarasan]] || [[Snehan]]
|-
| "Ethanai Jenmam" || [[Sadhana Sargam]], [[Harish Raghavendra]] || Pa. Vijay
|-
| "Kallathoni" || [[Suchitra]], [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]] || [[Yugabharathi]]
|-
| "Kannanai" || [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] || [[Kabilan (lyricist)|Kabilan]]
|-
| "Kanniponnu" || [[Tippu (singer)|Tippu]] || rowspan=2|Snehan
|-
|}

== Critical reception ==
''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "When you have 'Jithan' Ramesh, Gajala and Namitha in the star cast, you can expect nothing but a potboiler like Nee venunda Chellam. However, except for Gajala and Thilakan, the actors all compete for a Most Wooden Performance award, with Ramesh clearly emerging as the winner".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sudha |first=S |date=August 18, 2006 |title=Nee Venunda Chellam: A mess |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/18nee.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220115042/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/aug/18nee.htm |archive-date=20 February 2016 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> ''Sify'' wrote "There is nothing new in the story and director L.Venkatesan makes it too long at 2 hours 35 min, while the film loses its steam in 15 minutes after the first scene!".<ref name="S">{{Cite web |title=Nee Venunda Chellam |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/nee-venunda-chellam-review-tamil-pclwcojicdbee.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305201603/http://www.sify.com/movies/nee-venunda-chellam-review-tamil-pclwcojicdbee.html |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=7 October 2020 |website=[[Sify]]}}</ref> ''Chennai Online'' wrote "In Nee Venunda Chellam, a fairly engaging entertainer, the director has balanced the five main characters judiciously, giving each the importance and the footage it deserved. With the focus shifting to each character at different stages of the plot, each actor gets his or her space to perform. A more taut screenplay and a tighter grip on the narration would have turned the film into a better one".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/08Nee-venunda-chellam.asp|title=Nee Venunda Chellam|website=Chennai Online|access-date=9 January 2026|date=21 August 2006|first=Malini|last=Mannath|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903121031/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/08Nee-venunda-chellam.asp|archive-date=3 September 2006}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt13683762}}

[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2000s romantic action films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Dhina]]
[[Category:Indian romantic action films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Sasthipada Chattopadhyay

2026-02-28T22:00:37Z

LavernChitwood1: Created some entry v1

{{Short description|Bengali writer (1941–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox writer 
| name = Sasthipada Chattopadhyay
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| pseudonym =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1941|03|09}}
| birth_place = Sasthitala, [[Howrah District]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2023|03|03|1941|03|09}}
| death_place = [[Howrah]], [[West Bengal]], India
| occupation = Novelist, writer
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| nationality = Indian
| education =
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| period =
| genre =
| subject =
| movement =
| notableworks = [[Pandab Goenda]], [[Goenda Tatar]]
| spouse =
| partner =
| children =
| relatives =
| awards = Bal Sahitya Puraskar (2017)
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| portaldisp =
}}

'''Sasthipada Chattopadhyay''' (9 March 1941 – 3 March 2023) was an Indian novelist and short story writer in [[Bengali language|Bengali]]. He is well known in [[Bengali literature]] for the series stories of [[Pandab Goenda]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5PkWCgAAQBAJ&q=Shasthipada+Chattopadhyay&pg=PA126|title=Family, School and Nation: The Child and Literary Constructions in 20th|last=Nivedita Sen|date=3 July 2015|publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317410621|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-03 |title=Actress Juhi Sengupta on novelist Sasthipada Chattopadhyay's demise; "It's a huge loss, without Pandab Goenda and their missions, our childhood wouldn't have been so beautiful" |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-juhi-sengupta-on-novelist-sasthipada-chattopadhyays-demise-its-a-huge-loss-without-pandab-goenda-and-their-missions-our-childhood-wouldnt-have-been-so-beautiful/articleshow/98387256.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-11 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

==Life and career==
Chattopadhyay was born in Khurut, Sasthitala in [[Howrah district]] on 9 March 1941. He published his first literary work ''Kamakhya Bhraman'' in ''Dainik Basumati'' in 1961 and started working at ''[[Anandabazar Patrika]]'' under the guidance of [[Ramapada Chowdhury]] and [[Sagarmoy Ghosh]]. Chattopadhyay worked at ''Rabibasoryo'', Anandabazar starting in 1961. In the meantime, he joined the [[Indian Railways|Indian Railway]] and was posted at [[Ghatshila]]. He wrote many novels, travelogue, and short stories, but became popular and gained recognition for the creation of ''Pandab Goenda'', an adventure detective series for children.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-10|title=Pandab Goenda: All about Sasthipada Chattopadhyay, author of the books that inspired this ZEE5 Original series - Zee5 News|url=https://www.zee5.com/zee5news/pandab-goenda-all-about-sasthipada-chattopadhyay-author-of-the-original-series|access-date=2021-12-24|website=ZEE5|language=en}}</ref> Pandab Goenda was later realised on television in animated form. He loved to explore countries and have experiences which are reflected in most of the stories. Chattopadhyay created two more detective series, namely Detective ''Ambar Chatterjee'' and ''[[Goenda Tatar]]''. He wrote hundred of detective and adventure stories.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://eisamay.indiatimes.com/west-bengal-news/kolkata-news/this-year-sasthipada-chatterjee-get-sishu-sahitya-academy-awards/articleshow/59511728.cms | title=সাথে পাঁচে | trans-title=Sathe Panche | language=bn|date=9 July 2017|access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> The story of his creation of ''Tatar'' was filmed as ''[[Goyenda Tatar]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/shooting-of-goyenda-tatar-starts-in-kolkata-film-likely-to-release-in-may/articleshow/63362612.cms|title=Shooting of 'Goyenda Tatar' starts in Kolkata, film likely to release in May - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 March 2018 |language=en|access-date=2019-07-14}}</ref>

Chattopadhyay died from a stroke on 3 March 2023, at age 81.<ref>{{Cite web |last=সংবাদদাতা |first=নিজস্ব |title=Sasthipada Chattopadhyay {{!}} প্রয়াত 'পাণ্ডব গোয়েন্দা'র স্রষ্টা ষষ্ঠীপদ চট্টোপাধ্যায়, বয়স হয়েছিল ৮২ বছর |url=https://www.anandabazar.com/west-bengal/author-of-popular-book-pandav-goyenda-sasthipada-chattopadhyay-died-on-friday-dgtld/cid/1411383 |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.anandabazar.com |language=bn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-03 |title=Renowned Bengali litterateur Sasthipada Chattopadhyay dies at 82 |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/books-and-literature/renowned-bengali-litterateur-sasthipada-chattopadhyay-dies-at-82-8477926/ |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Works==
* ''Pandab Goenda'' (Series)
* ''Sonar Ganapati Hirer Chokh''
* ''Chaturtha Tadanta''
* ''Goenda Tatarer Avijaan''
* ''Panchti Rahasyo Goenda''
* ''Sera Rahasyo 25''
* ''Sera Goenda 25''
* ''Panchaasti Bhuter Golpo''
* ''Aaro Panchaasti Bhuter Golpo''
* ''Debdasi Tirtha''
* ''Kingbadantir Bikramaditya''
* ''Punyatirthe Bhraman''
* ''Kedarnath''
* ''Himalayer Noy Devi''

== Award ==
Chattopadhyay was awarded ''Bal Sahitya Puraskar'' in 2017 by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] for his contribution to children's literature in Bengali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiablooms.com/life-details/LIT/2936/shasthipada-chattopadhyay-awarded-lsquo-bal-sahitya-puraskar-2017-rsquo-by-sahitya-akademi.html|title=Shasthipada Chattopadhyay awarded 'Bal Sahitya Puraskar 2017|last=India Blooms News Service|date=22 June 2017|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=481978|title=Panaji: Konkani author Vincy Quadros conferred Bal Sahitya Award|access-date=3 March 2018}}</ref>

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|10097614}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chattopadhyay, Sasthipada}}
[[Category:1941 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:Bengali-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Indian crime fiction writers]]
[[Category:Bengali detective fiction writers]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:People from Howrah]]
[[Category:Writers from West Bengal]]

Maya (2018 TV series)

2026-02-26T21:35:48Z

LavernChitwood1: clean up

{{short description|2018 Indian television series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox television
| image = Maya Tamil Serial.jpg
| genre = [[Soap opera]]
| writer = Sundar.C Kalasekaram Narasimman (Dialogues)
| screenplay = Kalasekaram Narasimman Amajath Manimegalai
| director = Nandas
| starring = Ajay [[Ayesha (Tamil actress)|Ayesha]] Nakshatra Srinivas
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 87
| executive_producer = A.Anbu Raja
| producer = [[Sundar C]] [[Khushbu Sundar|Kushboo]]
| location = Chennai
| company = Avni Telemedia
| network = [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2018|07|09}}
| last_aired = {{End date|df=yes|2018|10|20}}
| music = [[C. Sathya]] G.Clement Pa.Vijay (Lyrics)
| cinematography = Gerold.A.Rajamannikam Banu Murugan
| editor = N.B.Srikanth Sutheef S
}}
{{Contains special characters|Tamil}}

'''''Maya''''' ({{Translation|Invincible}}) is a 2018 Indian Tamil-language [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series that aired on [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]] from 9 July to 20 October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tholaikatchi.in/ta/sun-tv-serial-maaya/amp/|title=மாயா சீரியல் - சன் சேனல்களில் ப்ரோமோஸ் தொடங்கியது|date=2018-06-12|work=Tholaikatchi|access-date=9 July 2018|language=ta-IN|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709155206/https://www.tholaikatchi.in/ta/sun-tv-serial-maaya/amp/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The show starred Ajay, [[Ayesha (Tamil actress)|Ayesha]] and Nakshatra Srinivas. The series was directed by Nanda Kumar; [[Sundar C]] and his wife, actress [[Khushbu Sundar|Kushboo]], were the producers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onenov.in/listings/maya-tv-series/|title=Maya Serial star cast, Photos, and Videos - Sun TV - Onenov.in|website=Onenov.in|language=en-US|access-date=9 July 2018|archive-date=9 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709155326/https://www.onenov.in/listings/maya-tv-series/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* Ajay as Raja Vikraman and Aravind
** King of Suryakundala Dynasty, a powerful monarch and warrior capable of killing many enemies single-handedly.
* Shwetha Hegde / [[Ayesha (Tamil actress)|Ayesha]] as Rani Lakshmi Prabhavathi and Darshini
** Queen of Satavagheeni Dynasty and responsible in destroying Kalanthakan's body. Main heroine and Aravind's first wife (love marriage and a secret affair prior to Aravind's official marriage with Yaksha)
* Akansha Gandhi / Nakshatra Srinivas as Icchapurani Chakravarthini Rani Simharathna and Yakshini (Yaksha)
** Queen of Icchapuri Dynasty and daughter of Mandagini, (Female antagonist - A powerful Warrior Queen who brought 27 kingdoms under her dominion and earned the title of Chakravarthini. Aravind's second wife (Brahma Thirumanam / married as per tradition)(main antagonist )
*Unknown as ichapuri rajaguru kalanthakan:a royal priest of ichapuri dynasty the real maya who will soon return to the world to fulfil and ancient phrophechy as a part of a boon that god had gifted him after his terrible defeat 2000 years ago in the hands of the devas(antagonist).

===Supporting===
*[[Sadiq (Indian actor)|Sadiq]] as Ameer Baasha or Vaapa or Satavagheeni Padai Thalapathi Sultan Bhai (before 2000 years ago).
**An Ayurvedic and Mystical art specialist who supports Darshini like her father for taking care and protecting her. 2000 years ago, he was a Supreme Commander of Satavagheeni Army. He is also a devotee of Allah.
* [[Vincent Asokan]] as Icchapuri Padai Thalapathi Rana Maayan and Aardhanaari
** Supreme Commander of Icchapuri Army and responsible in betraying Kalanthakan. A devotee and son of Dhumavathi Devi, a Demi goddess.(antagonist)
* --- as Jyothiingam.
**Former Chief Commander of Satavagheeni Army. Banished from Satavagheeni kingdom and cursed by Queen Lakshmi Prabhavathi due to his betrayal to her and her kingdom. A devotee of Lord Shiva and Bhavani Amman.
* --- as Shiva Acharya.
** A devotee of Lord Shiva and helps Darshini with Home Minister for the sake of world.
* --- as Sugumadhapura and Kuyli (Tamil) or Swethasudha and Gayathri (Telugu).
** A magical shape-shifting pigeon and apprentice of Jyothiingam. She helps Darshini with a following instructions given by Jyothiingam.
* [[Manobala]] as Bhadra
**Rana Maayan's apprentice.
* 'Aranmanai Kili' Gayathri as Manthagini.
** Yaksha's Mother.
*[[Yashika Aannand]] as Devathai Raagini
* A spirit that protects Aravind and Darshini from the danger of Ranamaayan's power.
* [[Kulappulli Leela]] as Alangariamma
** Kalanthakan's mother knows black magic and is a devotee of Dandhini Devi an evil Demi goddess.
* [[Singamuthu]] as Constable.
** Bhadra's friend.
* Ammu Ramachandran as Lavanya.
** sister-in-law of Yaksha.
* Shyam as Subhash.
** Yaksha's brother.
* Anitha Venkat as Girija.
** Yaksha's aunt.
* Sonia as Varshinipriya
** Girija's first daughter.
* Ameya Nair as Sandhiya
** Girija's second daughter.
* Srinidhi Bhat as Nirmal.
** Yaksha's ex-husband.
* --- as Jagan.
** Nirmal's father.
* [[Mohan Sharma]] as Minister Thangapaandi.
* [[Mahanadi Shankar]] as Pasupathi (Saalappaa)
** Alangariamma's loyal assistant.
* [[Divya Krishnan]]

== Dubbed versions/Reshot version==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin-right: 0;"
|- style="color:white"
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:20%;"| Language
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:24%;"| Title
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:13%;"| Original release
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:16%;"| Network
! style="background:#7b0c0c; width:15%;"| Last aired
|-
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| rowspan="6"|''Maya''
| rowspan="4"| 9 July 2018
| [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]
| 20 October 2018
|-
| [[Malayalam]]
| [[Surya TV]]
| 27 October 2018
|-
| [[Kannada]]
| [[Udaya TV]]-reshot version
| 2 November 2018
|-
| [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| [[Gemini TV]]
| 9 November 2018
|-
| [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| 26 August 2019
| [[Sun Bangla]]
| 20 November 2019
|-
| [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| 15 January 2025
| [[Sun Neo]]
| 3 March 2025
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20141007220928/http://www.suntvnetwork.in/tv-channel-details.aspx?Channelid=1&channelname=SUN%20TV&LanguageID=1&Type=q Official Website] {{in lang|en}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/suntv Sun TV on YouTube]
* [http://www.suntv.in/ Sun TV Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325005918/http://www.suntv.in/ |date=25 March 2018 }} {{in lang|en}}
* [http://www.sun.in Sun Group] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412165809/http://www.sun.in/ |date=12 April 2019 }} {{in lang|en}}

{{Sun TV shows}}
{{Tamil television shows}}

[[Category:2010s Tamil-language television series]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:2018 Tamil-language television series endings]]
[[Category:Sun TV original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language horror fiction television series]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Television series by Avni Telemedia]]

Transport in Tiruvannamalai

2026-02-25T21:57:52Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
'''[[Tiruvannamalai]]''' is predominantly connected by road to other major cities in the state including [[Chennai]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Vellore]], [[Arani, Tiruvanamalai district|Arani]], [[Trichy]], [[Tiruppur]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Thanjavur]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Shimoga]] and [[Kanchipuram]]. And also other state major cities such as [[Hyderabad]], [[Tirupati]], [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]] and [[Mangaluru]]. Tiruvannamalai serves as one of the important [[Tiruvannamalai central bus station|Road junction]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] and north roadways Zone. The nearest domestic airport is [[vellore Airport|Vellore]], which has a no daily chartered flights. The nearest international airports are [[Chennai International Airport|Chennai]] and [[Tiruchirappalli International Airport|Tiruchirappalli]].

==Road==
Tiruvannamalai is well connected by roads to major cities and to the rest of the state. The major national highways of the town are:
* [[National Highway 66 (India)|NH 66]], which connects [[Bengaluru]] to [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], via [[Krishnagiri]] - [[Uthangarai]] - [[Chengam]] - [[Tiruvannamalai]] - [[Pennathur]] - [[Gingee]] - [[Tindivanam]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.transstroyindia.com/krishnagiri.html | title=Transstroy India }}</ref>
* [[National Highway 234 (India)|NH 234]], which Connects Puducherry to [[Mangaluru]] via [[Thiruvannamalai]] - [[Vellore]] - [[Gudiyatham]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiamapped.com/ |title=Home |website=indiamapped.com}}</ref>
* [[National Highway 234 (India)|NH 234A]], which connects (Chittore) [[Tiruvannamalai]] to [[Cuddalore]] via [[vellore]] - [[Polur]] - [[kalasapakkam]] - [[Tiruvannamalai]] -[[Tirukoilur]] - [[Panruti]] and intersects with [[National Highway 45 (India)|NH 45]] in Madapet, about 20 km from Tirucoilur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/efforts-on-to-upgrade-cuddalorechittoor-road-as-national-highway-saminathan/article1779620.ece| title = Efforts on to upgrade Cuddalore-Chittoor Road as National Highway: Saminathan - TAMIL NADU - The Hindu| website = [[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

Besides the above-mentioned national highways, several state highways also run through the district and town.

The town has a lot of buses frequently to major cities such as [[Chennai]], [[Vellore]], [[Bengaluru]], [[Kanchipuram]], [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], [[Coimbatore]], [[Kallakurichi]] and [[Sankarapuram]] etc., The town also serves the frequent bus services to towns like [[Cuddalore]], [[Villupuram]], [[Tindivanam]], [[Tiruppattur, Tirupattur district|Tirupattur]] etc.

Tiruvannamalai is also the Divisional headquarters of the [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation(TNSTC) - Tiruvannamalai Division]](the erstwhile Pattukottai azhagiri Transport Corporation [PATC]). It is one of the six Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation divisions serving the state.<ref>{{cite web|title=TNSTC Viluppuram|date=11 August 2014 |url=https://tnstc.wordpress.com/tnstc-villupuram/}}</ref>

===Bus Stand===
{{see also|Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station}}
Tiruvannamalai has one central bus stand named [[Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station]] and 9 arterial bus stands. [[Tiruvannamalai Central Bus Station]] services the mofussil buses and [[State Express Transport Corporation (Tamil Nadu)|SETC]] premium buses to major cities and towns. It is one of the largest bus terminus by area in [[Tamil Nadu]]. Arterial bus stands is used for local town buses and Festive time temporary stations which has been operated by the [[Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation|TNSTC, Tiruvannamalai division]].

==Rail==
{{see also|Tiruvannamalai railway station|Turinjapuram railway station}}

Tiruannamalai has a well-known railway station in the spiritual history. It was first built under the British. Bhavagan sri Ramana maharishi came to Tiruvannamalai by train and never left Tiruvannamalai after .

==Air==
The nearest airport is [[Vellore Airport]] and [[Puducherry airport]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Puducherry airport to go on stream in October|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-03/news/30110146_1_puducherry-airport-runway-lawspet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510041915/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-03/news/30110146_1_puducherry-airport-runway-lawspet|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 May 2013|publisher=[[The Economic Times]] |date= 3 Sep 2011 |accessdate=3 January 2012}}</ref><ref name= IBN>{{cite news|title=Flight operations await new terminal |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/flight-operations-await-new-terminal/256422-60-118.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513121042/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/flight-operations-await-new-terminal/256422-60-118.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 May 2012|publisher=[[IBN Live]] |date= 10 May 2012 |accessdate=3 July 2012}}</ref> in [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], approximately {{convert|80|km}} from Tiruvannamalai. Puducherry is now connected by [[Air India Regional]] with an [[ATR (aircraft manufacturer)|ATR]] aircraft service six times a week except Wednesday. This is an afternoon service departing from [[Kempegowda International Airport|Bengaluru]] and returning in the evening to Bengaluru.

The nearest major airport is [[Chennai International Airport]] (MAA), approximately {{convert|147|km}} from the town; the next closest major airport is [[Bengaluru International Airport]], approximately {{convert|180|km}} away.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|www.tiruvannamalaicity.com/}}

[[Category:Transport in Tiruvannamalai| ]]

Shamoly Khera

2026-02-24T16:56:10Z

LavernChitwood1: Created new stub added tags

{{short description|Indian television host and producer}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=May 2021}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=November 2022}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
[[File:Shamoly Khera.jpg|200px|thumb|Shamoly Khera]]
'''Dr. Shamoly Khera''' is a public speaker.

Khera has been featured on UTV, Colors, Femina, MBC, Zee TV, IndianTelevision.com,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-19|title="The Magic Quill"New Fairytale Movie|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/movie-channels/the-magic-quill-new-fairytale-210419|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref> MissMalini & Daily.

==Career==
Khera pursued acting and performing skills at Barry John Acting School in 2009. She acted in various theatre productions (for plays like ''Asylum'', at Thespo 11 and ''Utter Cupidity'') and later on several short films with [[Whistling Woods International]] till March 2011. She performed successful weekend shows of ''Utter Cupidity'' in July 2012 at The Comedy Store, as the opening act for The ''Vir Das Show''. She joined ''[[UTV Stars|UTV STARS]]'' during its inception and helped conceptualise, script and host episodes. Shows like ''Style Addict'' and ''Live My Life'' were acclaimed for their content and format.

Khera co-founded the production house One Take Media,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-03|title=One Take Media Co. (OTMC) Picks Rights for Boonie Bears: The Adventurers 2|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/mam/marketing/mam/one-take-media-co-otmc-picks-rights-for-boonie-bears-the-adventurers-2-191203|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-02|title=One Take Media Co. (OTMC) Picks Rights for 'Boonie Bears: The Adventurers 2'|url=http://www.animationxpress.com/latest-news/one-take-media-co-otmc-picks-rights-for-boonie-bears-the-adventurers-2/|access-date=2021-05-14|website=AnimationXpress|language=en-US}}</ref> with offices in Mumbai and Dubai. She manages international distribution and acquisition from the Dubai base. While in Dubai she hosted two seasons of ''Zee Connect'' airing on [[Zee TV]] Middle East.

She has hosted and produced a cooking show called ''The Great Indian Global Kitchen'' which aired on [[TLC (Indian TV channel)|TLC]] India, [[Rishtey (TV channel)|Rishtey US]], Rishtey UK, [[MBC Bollywood]] and [[British Airways]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/interviews/shamoly-and-dimpy-khera-the-entrepreneur-sister-duo-of-one-take-media-171003|title=Shamoly and Dimpy Khera: The entrepreneur sister duo of 'One Take Media'|last=Team|first=Tellychakkar|work=Tellychakkar.com|access-date=2018-05-28|language=en}}</ref>

Dr. Shamoly Khera has had a thriving career in the realm of interviews – from interviewing inspiring actoes like [[Amitabh Bachchan|Amitabh Bacchan]], [[Shah Rukh Khan|Shahrukh Khan]], [[Priyanka Chopra]], [[Deepika Padukone]], [[Ranveer Singh]] to leaders like [[Shashi Tharoor]], [[Azad Moopen]], Dr. Khera is a passionate interviewer and is known to write her own scripts and interview. From hosting TV shows in the genre of lifestyle, [[Bollywood]] & cooking to international on-ground events, Dr. Khera is known to bring a gust of energy and charisma to the screen with her wit and charm.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! MEDIA || EVENTS || YEAR
|-
| Zee International || Embracing Taiwan || 2018
|-
| IGTV Show || Stay Home Stay Tough || 2020
|}

During the [[lockdown]] in 2020, Shamoly hosted her talk show called ‘Stay Home Stay Inspired.’ Some of the popular names on this show were [[Manav Kaul]], Amit Gaur, [[Rajat Barmecha]], [[Nitinn Miranni]], [[Pankaj Mishra]], Dr. Anjali Mukerjee, [[Malini Agarwal]] amongst others. The show received immense credibility to spread awareness & inspiration at times of crisis.

==Shows==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! CHANNEL !! TV SHOW !! YEAR
|-
| UTV STARS || ''Live My Life'' - SEASON 1 || 2011
|-
| UTV STARS || ''Style Addict'' || 2011-2013
|-
| UTV STARS || Superstar Santa || 2012
|-
| UTV STARS || Lux The Cbosen One || 2012
|-
| UTV STARS || ''Live my Life'' SEASON 2 || 2012-2013
|-
| ZEE TV || ''World of Food'' || 2013
|-
| ZEE TV Middle East || ''Zee Connect'' Season 4 || 2014
|-
| ZEE TV Middle East || ''Zee Connect'' Season 5 || 2015
|-
| Rishtey U.K. || ''The Great Indian Global Kitchen'' || 2017
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Events As Host !! YEAR
|-
| People's Magazine Best Dressed Awards || 2011
|-
| Ficci Flo Women Achiever's Awards || 2012
|-
| Cosmopolitan Fun Fearless Female Awards || 2012
|-
| Kelvinator Women's Achievers Awards || 2012
|-
| UTV Stars Walk Of The Stars Launch || 2012
|-
| Aambey Valley India Bridal Fashion Week || 2013
|-
| Asia Business Leaders Awards || 2014
|-
| Forbes Middle East Award || 2015
|-
| Femina Middle East Awards || 2016
|-
| Filmfare Middle East Awards || 2017
|-
| Speakin Leadership Conclave Awards || 2019
|}

==Writer==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! As Writer / Editor !! Year !! Web / TV
|-
| The Indian Ad Reviewer || 2012–present || http://indian-ad-reviewer.blogspot.in
|-
| The Big M Music Magazine || 2010-2013 || www.thebigm.co.in
|-
| Style Addict || 2011-2013 || 110 episodes / UTV Stars Network
|}

== International hosting Representing India in Taiwan ==
In 2019, Dr. Khera got an opportunity to represent [[India]] in [[Taiwan]], via the show embracing Taiwan, produced by Zee International, where she got the opportunity to interview and interact with leading Taiwanese ministers & entrepreneurs like [[Joseph Wu]], Minister of Foreign Affairs, [[Tseng Hou-jen]], Diplomat and Theodore Huang amongst others.

== AUTHOR ==
Dr. Shamoly Khera's debut book ''Bedazzle –The Art & Science of Confidence'' was published by Bloomsbury India in December 2020 and has been trending in the bestseller self-help genre.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2020-12-22|title=Shamoly Khera's Bedazzle helps people to master the art of self-confidence|url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/resources/education/shamoly-khera-s-bedazzle-helps-people-to-master-the-art-of-self-confidence-201222|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Indian Television Dot Com|language=en}}</ref> The book focuses on building inner confidence; it offers practical insights and tips on speaking with confidence that can help anyone shine in their respective fields with charisma and ease.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Book review {{!}} Bedazzle by Dr. Shamoly Khera|url=https://www.diaryofabookgirl.in/2021/02/book-review-bedazzle-by-dr-shamoly-khera.html|access-date=2021-05-14|language=en|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514174714/https://www.diaryofabookgirl.in/2021/02/book-review-bedazzle-by-dr-shamoly-khera.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Noble|first=Barnes &|title=Bedazzle: The Art and Science of Eternal Confidence{{!}}NOOK Book|url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/bedazzle-shamoly-khera/1138373329|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Barnes & Noble|language=en}}</ref> The book received a global launch in [[United States|US]], [[United Kingdom|UK]], [[India]], [[Singapore]] and is available on [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] worldwide.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=AnimationXpress|date=2020-12-15|title=One Take Media Co. director Shamoly Khera forays into writing with new book 'Bedazzle'|url=https://www.animationxpress.com/people/one-take-media-co-director-shamoly-khera-forays-into-writing-with-new-book-bedazzle/|access-date=2021-05-14|website=AnimationXpress|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gautam|first=Khyati|date=2021-02-02|title=Bedazzle {{!}} Shamoly Khera {{!}} Book Review|url=https://khyatigautam.medium.com/bedazzle-shamoly-khera-book-review-a6c861e7c873|access-date=2021-05-14|website=Medium|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The art and science of eternal confidence|url=https://www.dailyo.in/variety/bedazzle-shamoly-khera-grooming-confidence-book-excerpt/story/1/34072.html|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.dailyo.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bedazzle Written By Shamoly Khera {{!}} Markmybook|url=https://markmybook.com/book/bedazzle/890817|access-date=2021-05-14|website=markmybook.com|language=en|archive-date=14 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514180220/https://markmybook.com/book/bedazzle/890817|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Keynote Speaker ==
Dr. Shamoly Khera is a Keynote Speaker at various conferences and expert meets. Her [[Ted Talk|TED Talk]] was telecasted worldwide in October 2020. The talk focussed one living on the extraordinary life and the 5 essential things that can make it work.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-style-doctor/837734/|title=The Style Doctor|author=Kapoor, Jaskiran|publisher=[[Indianexpress.com]]|date=2011-08-27|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://wwv.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sci-tech/others/%E2%80%98live-life-day%E2%80%99-380|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426005022/http://wwv.deccanchronicle.com/channels/sci-tech/others/%E2%80%98live-life-day%E2%80%99-380|url-status=dead|archive-date=26 April 2012|title=Live Life by the Day|author=Rajagopal, Srinidhi|publisher=[[deccanchronicle.com]]|date=2011-11-07|access-date=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/starry-eyed/861954/2|title=Starry Eyed|author=Kapoor, Jaskiran|publisher=[[Indianexpress.com]]|date=2011-10-19|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.mumbaimirror.com/index.aspx?page=article&sectid=134&contentid=2011031420110314031515292d3dc602e|title=Setting the bar for Theatre|author=Lobo, Kevin|publisher=[[Mumbaimirror.com]]|date=2011-03-14|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/674036.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125062615/http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/Print/674036.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 January 2013|title=Play Uninterrupted|author=Bhatti, Sharin|publisher=[[Hindustantimes.com]]|date=2011-03-16|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/health-care/2011051786576.htm|title=Slim Sutra Celebrates its First Anniversary|publisher=[[Indiaprwire.com]]|date=2011-05-17|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=57&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIM&mydateHid=08-07-2011&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Mumbai&edname=&articleid=Ar05700&publabel=TOI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406015351/http://lite.epaper.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=57&sectid=edid=&edlabel=TOIM&mydateHid=08-07-2011&pubname=Times%20of%20India%20-%20Mumbai&edname=&articleid=Ar05700&publabel=TOI|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 April 2012|title=Lokhandwala is a city in itself|author=Talwar, Payal|publisher=[[lite.epaper.timesofindia.com]]|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://prithvitheatre.org/production_details.php?id=646&fday=30&fmonth=09&fyear=2009&sday=30&smonth=12&syear=2009&event_id=&sub_event=|title=Thespo 11 : (What If Productions)|publisher=[[prithvitheatre.org]]|accessdate=2011-11-27}}
*{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120425/ttlife.htm|title=Doctored Move|publisher=[[tribuneindia.com]]|accessdate=2012-12-16}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khera, Shamoly}}
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Gilu Joseph

2026-02-11T19:57:08Z

LavernChitwood1: Added New Stub W/ Infobox...

{{short description|Malayali poet, lyricist}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Gilu Joseph
| image =
| caption = Gilu Joseph on Cover of 1–15 March 2018 issue
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = [[Kumily]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| occupation = {{Hlist | Poet |lyricist}}
| alma_mater =
| parents = 
| website =
}}

'''Gilu Joseph''' is a [[Malayali]] poet and lyricist.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mekhangale chumbicha malakakavithakal (The angel's poems that kissed the sky) |url=http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/m/275239/Mathrubhumi/20-May-2014#issue/7/1 |accessdate=23 September 2017 |issue=Kozhikode |publisher=Mathrubhumi |date=20 May 2014 |archive-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307193948/http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/m/275239/Mathrubhumi/20-May-2014#issue/7/1 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Adding mojo to music |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/composer-mejjo-josseph-is-back-after-a-brief-hiatus/article17515355.ece |accessdate=7 September 2017 |work=The Hindu |date=17 March 2017 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221161147/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/composer-mejjo-josseph-is-back-after-a-brief-hiatus/article17515355.ece |archive-date=21 December 2019}}</ref> She earlier worked as an air hostess with [[Flydubai]].<ref>{{cite web |title=An Indian Air Hostess Writes An Emotional Farewell To Her Colleagues On The FlyDubai Aircraft That Crashed In Russia |url=http://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/an-indian-air-hostess-writes-an-emotional-farewell-to-her-colleagues-on-the-ill-fated-flydubai-aircraft-that-crashed-in-russia-252299.html |website=The Times of India |date=20 March 2016 |accessdate=7 September 2017}}</ref> She has also acted in [[Malayalam]] film.

== Personal life ==
Gilu hails from [[Kumily]], [[Idukki district]], Kerala, she also has two sisters. She moved to [[Dubai]] at the age of 18 to work as cabin crew with Flydubai.

Gilu appeared on the cover of the March edition of ''[[Grihalakshmi (magazine)|Grihalakshmi]]'', breastfeeding a baby as a part of their 'breastfeed freely' campaign.<ref>{{cite web |title='No regrets': Malayalam actress who breastfed child on magazine cover responds to controversies |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/malayalam-actress-jilu-joseph-responds-to-the-controversies-surrounding-her-breastfeeding-cover-shoot-for-magazine-5082785/ |work=The Indian Express |date=March 2018 |accessdate=2 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=India breastfeeding magazine cover ignites debate |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-43238253 |work=BBC News |date=March 2018 |publisher=BBC |accessdate=2 March 2018}}</ref> A complaint was lodged with the State Child Rights Commission against the magazine and Gilu, by various lawyers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Case filed against Grihalakshmi, Gilu Joseph for breastfeeding cover. |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/case-filed-against-grihalakshmi-gilu-joseph-breastfeeding-cover-77293 |newspaper=The News Minute |date=2 March 2018 |accessdate=6 March 2018}}</ref> A petition was filed with the Kerala HC alleging that the magazine cover violated provisions of the [[Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act]] (POCSO), However, the court did not agree with the petitioner's allegation. The court observed that 'obscenity lies in the crotch of the beholder'.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/kerala/story/kerala-hc-refuses-to-declare-breastfeeding-cover-photo-of-magazine-as-obscene-1266336-2018-06-21 |title=Kerala HC refuses to declare breastfeeding cover photo of magazine as obscene |website=India Today |date=21 June 2018 |language=en |access-date=21 June 2018}}</ref>

== Work ==
{{BLP unsourced section|date=March 2023}}
* [[Vaarikkuzhiyile Kolapathakam|''Vaarikkuzhiyile'' ''Kolapathakam'']] (2019)
* ''[[Ottamuri Velicham]]'' (2017)
* ''[[Adam Joan]]'' (2017)
* ''[[C/O Saira Banu]]'' (2017)
* [[Sathya (2017 Malayalam film)|''Sathya'']] (2017)
* ''[[2 Penkuttikal]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Lailaa O Lailaa]]'' (2015)

== Plays ==
* ''Hand of God''<ref name="outlook">{{cite web |title=The Joy of being Gilu Joseph |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/the-joy-of-being-gilu-joseph/309177 |website=Outlook |date=6 March 2018 |accessdate=8 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hand of God - A play by FIFTH ESTATE |url=http://www.wtzupcity.com/thrissur/events/hand-of-god--a-play-by-fifth-estate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308165143/http://www.wtzupcity.com/thrissur/events/hand-of-god--a-play-by-fifth-estate |url-status=usurped |archive-date=8 March 2018 |website=W City |accessdate=8 March 2018}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{BLP sources section|date=March 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of Gilu Joseph film credits
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Notes
|-
|2016 ||''[[Jacobinte Swargarajyam]]'' || Abdul's wife ||Debut film
|-
|rowspan="5"|2017
| ''[[C/O Saira Banu]]'' || Lawyer||
|-
| ''[[Thrissivaperoor Kliptham]]'' || Damayanthi ||
|-
| ''[[Aby (film)|Aby]]'' || Mini ||
|-
|''Rabbit Hole''<ref>{{cite news |title='Rabbit hole' discusses Depression |url=http://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sou-sadanandan-on-her-short-film-rabbit-hole/article22608721.ece |accessdate=31 January 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=15 February 2018}}</ref>||Christy||Short film
|-
|''[[Aana Alaralodalaral]]''|| Kadeesu ||
|-
|rowspan="6"|2018
| ''[[Parole (2018 film)|Parole]]'' || Varkkichan's wife ||
|-
|''[[Kadha Paranja Kadha]]'' || Devi ||
|-
|''[[Aabhaasam]]'' || Chitra ||
|-
|''[[Abrahaminte Santhathikal]]'' || Maria ||
|-
|''[[Ranam (2018 film)|Ranam]]''|| Aadi's mother ||
|-
| ''[[Nonsense (2018 film)|Nonsense]]'' || Biology teacher ||
|-
|rowspan="4"|2019|| ''Ihitha''|| Unnamed || rowspan="2" | Short film
|-
|''Sitayanam''|| Sita
|-
|''Sanchari''|| Traveller || Music video
|-
|''[[Thakkol]]''|| Clara ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020 || ''[[Anjaam Pathiraa]]'' || Doctor ||
|-
| ''Shepherds From Hell'' || Shiny Mathew || rowspan="2" |Webseries
|-
|rowspan="5"|2021|| ''Instagraamam''||Vanaja
|-
|''[[Jan.E.Man]]''||Saramma ||
|-
|''[[Bhramam]]''||Samuel's wife||
|-
| ''[[Kaaval (2021 film)|Kaaval]]''|| Varghese's wife ||
|-
| ''[[Sumesh and Ramesh]]''|| Asha||
|-
| rowspan="5" |2022||''[[Bhoothakalam]]''|| Dr. Beena||
|-
|''[[Sreedhanya Catering Service]]''|| Simi||
|-
|''[[Rorschach (film)|Rorschach]]''|| Police Constable||
|-
| ''Chathuram''||Balthazar's sister in law ||
|-
| ''Durga ''||Unnamed ||Short film
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
| ''[[2018_(film) | 2018]]''||Jiji
|
|-
|''[[Kunjamminis Hospital]]''
|Elsy
|
|-
|''Antony''
|Selena
|
|-
|''Pookkalam''
|Remani
|
|-
|2024 ||''[[Vishesham]]'' || Mini ||
|-
|2025 ||''[[Identity (2025 film)|Identity]]'' || Smitha Shankar||
|-
|2025 ||''Azadi'' || ||
|-
|}

== Awards ==
She was awarded the Palm Pusthakapura Akshara Thoolika award for her poetry.<ref name="outlook" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Gilu Joseph Poems |url=https://rlpoetry.org/03-23-2015-i/ |website=Red Leaf Poetry India |accessdate=7 September 2017 |archive-date=8 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908020742/https://rlpoetry.org/03-23-2015-i/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|8852619}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Joseph, Gilu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Writers from Kerala]]
[[Category:Malayalam poets]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]

Department of Information Technology (Tamil Nadu)

2026-02-11T05:04:16Z

LavernChitwood1: Added First Stub Basic Info

{{Short description|Government department of Tamil Nadu state, India}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Department of Information Technology and Digital Services (Tamil Nadu)
| nativename =
| nativename_a =
| nativename_r =
| logo = TamilNadu Logo.svg
| logo_width = 120 px
| logo_caption =
| seal =
| seal_width =
| seal_caption =
| formed =
| preceding1 =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| headquarters = [[Chennai]]
| employees =
| budget =
| minister1_name = [[Palanivel Thiaga Rajan]]
| minister1_pfo = Minister of Information Technology and Digital Services Department
| chief1_name = Brajendra Navnit IAS
| chief1_position = Principal Secretary
| parent_agency = [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
| child1_agency =
| child2_agency =
| website = {{url|https://it.tn.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Department of Information Technology and Digital Services''' is one of the [[Tamil Nadu Government's Departments|departments]] of [[Government of Tamil Nadu]].

== Objective ==
The objectives of the department are to provide government services through the [[internet]], enable adoption of [[Information technology]] in governance, increase [[software]] exports from the state, provide [[cable television]] and enable the adoption of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] in [[computing]].<ref name="Gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/department/17|title=Information Technology and Digital Services department|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us {{!}} Tamil Nadu Information Technology Department |url=https://it.tn.gov.in/index.php/en/about-us |access-date=2024-01-18 |website=it.tn.gov.in}}</ref>

== Software and IT ==
{{As of|2022}}, The state is amongst the major [[Information technology]] (IT) exporters of India with a value of {{INRconvert|57687|c}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://factly.in/data-karnataka-tamil-nadu-maharashtra-telangana-account-for-more-than-80-of-indias-software-exports/|title=Data: Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra & Telangana Account for More Than 80% of India's Software Exports|date=4 July 2023|access-date=1 December 2023|work=Factly}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Chennai emerging as India's Silicon Valley?|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=1 May 2008|access-date=28 December 2012|first=Rajesh|last=Chandramouli|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820000027/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Infotech/Software/Chennai_emerging_as_Indias_Silicon_Valley/articleshow/3000410.cms|archive-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> Established in 2000, [[Tidel Park]] in Chennai was amongst the first and largest IT parks in Asia.<ref>{{cite news|title=PM opens Asia's largest IT park|url=https://www.ciol.com/pm-asias-largest-it-park-chennai/|date=4 July 2000|publisher=CIOL|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> The presence of [[Special Economic Zone|SEZ]]s and government policies have contributed to the growth of the sector which has attracted foreign investments and job seekers from other parts of the country.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/after-delhi-maharastra-tn-received-highest-fdi-equity-inflows-in-fy15-114113000130_1.html|title=Maharashtra tops FDI equity inflows|newspaper=[[Business Standard]]|date=1 December 2012|access-date=22 July 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/tamil-nadu-a-small-step-in-inclusivity-a-giant-leap-in-industry/articleshow/99926653.cms|title=Tamil Nadu: A small step in inclusivity, a giant leap in India|date=2 May 2023|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> In the 2020s, Chennai has become a major provider of [[Software as a service|SaaS]] and has been dubbed the "SaaS Capital of India".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.crayondata.com/heres-why-chennai-is-the-saas-capital-of-india/|title=Here's why Chennai is the SAAS capital of India|date=24 August 2018|access-date=1 December 2023|publisher=Crayon}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/a-silent-saas-revolution-is-brewing-in-chennai/articleshow/67583586.cms|title=A silent SaaS revolution is brewing in Chennai|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>

==Sub-divisions==
The following sub-divisions and undertakings operate under the department:<ref name="Gov1">{{cite report|url=https://cms.tn.gov.in/sites/default/files/documents/it_e_pn_2023_24.pdf|title=Information Technology and Digital Services department, policy note, 2023-24|publisher=[[Government of Tamil Nadu]]|access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>
* [[Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu]] (ELCOT): Development of IT infrastructure and special economic zones
* Tamil Nadu State Wide Area Network (TANSWAN): Internet connectivity across the state
* Tamil Nadu Skill Development Corporation (TNSDC)
* Tamil Nadu Disaster Recovery Centre (TNDRC): Co-ordination and recovery during disasters
* Tamil Nadu e-Governance Agency (TNeGA): Adoption of IT in government and enable government services through internet
* [[ICT Academy]]
* [[Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation Limited|Tamil Nadu Arasu Cable TV Corporation]] (TACTV): Digital cable television services
* Tamil Nadu Fibernet Corporation (TANFINET): [[Optical fiber]] connectivity

== See also ==
* [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]
* [[Tamil Nadu Government's Departments]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links ==
* [http://www.tn.gov.in/department/17 Official website of the Tamil Nadu Information Technology and Digital Services Department]
* [http://www.tn.gov.in Official website of Government of Tamil Nadu]

{{Government of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Government Departments of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Government departments of Tamil Nadu]]

Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea (soundtrack)

2026-01-23T06:11:40Z

LavernChitwood1: Made post

{{short description|2021 film songs by Ronnie Raphael}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox album |cover=Marakkar Lion of the Arabian Sea (soundtrack).jpg
| name = Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Rahul Raj]]
| released = 1 August 2021
| recorded = 2018–2020
| genre = [[Film score]]
| length = 60:05
| label = Saina Music
| prev_title = [[The Priest (2021 film)|The Priest]]
| prev_year = 2020
| next_title = [[Aaraattu (2022 film)|Aaraattu]]
| next_year = 2021
}}

'''''Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea''''' is the soundtrack to the 2021 Indian [[period drama]] [[action film]] of the [[Marakkar: Lion of the Arabian Sea|same name]] directed by [[Priyadarshan]]. The film features five songs composed by Ronnie Raphael, whilst the original score is composed by [[Rahul Raj]], Ankit Suri and Lyell Evans Roeder. The album features lyrics written by [[Prabha Varma]], B. K. Harinarayanan, Shafi Kollam for the Malayalam version, and Priyadarshan, R. P. Bala, Samji for the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] version, whereas the lyricists for the dubbed versions are: [[Vennelakanti]] ([[Telugu language|Telugu]]), Aniruddha Sastry, Vybhav M ([[Kannada]]), Nawab Arzoo and Ishtiaq Feroz ([[Hindi]]). The album released through Saina Music on 1 August 2021.

== Composition ==
The [[Film score|original score]] was composed by [[Rahul Raj]], Ankit Suri and Lyell Evans Roeder. Suri and Roeder, composers of Alternative Fidelity, a British-American music production house were hired to produce and arrange the score for battle sequences in the film, thereby marking their debut in Indian cinema.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Venlatesh |first=Jyothi |date=5 December 2019 |title=Marakkar Movie Background Score By Alternative Fidelity |url=https://m.timesofindia.com/marakkar-movie-background-score-by-alternative-fidelity/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121538/https://bollyy.com/marakkar-movie-background-score-by-alternative-fidelity/ |archive-date=8 August 2020 |access-date=28 November 2021 |website=The Times of India}}</ref> A few months later, [[Rahul Raj]], who completed his post-graduation from [[Berklee College of Music]] was hired to independently compose and produce the rest of the score.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite news |last=Mathews |first=Anna |date=28 August 2019 |title=Rahul Raj to score for Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rahul-raj-to-score-for-marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham/articleshow/70874867.cms |url-status=live |access-date=28 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831022148/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/rahul-raj-to-score-for-marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham/articleshow/70874867.cms |archive-date=31 August 2019}}</ref> Raj was chosen by Priyadarshan after being impressed watching a video of him [[conducting]] a 52-piece London orchestra at [[Air Studios]], as part of his thesis in Berklee.<ref name="score22">{{Cite web |date=30 November 2021 |title='മരക്കാറി'ന്റെ ഭാഗമാവാൻ കഴിഞ്ഞതിൽ അഭിമാനം: രാഹുൽ രാജ് |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/interview/music-composer-rahul-raj-sharing-marakkar-lion-of-the-arabian-sea-working-experience-587729/?fbclid=IwAR0mk1Ada56_BAISjMzO7ZM2wb_63XuaU7G_Wtr5PjFLaMPefKIrjLMspLo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130161830/https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/interview/music-composer-rahul-raj-sharing-marakkar-lion-of-the-arabian-sea-working-experience-587729/ |archive-date=30 November 2021 |access-date=30 November 2021 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=Malayalam}}</ref>

While scoring, Raj avoided giving a regional touch to the music which would have been easier for a film set in [[Malabar Coast|Malabar]], as Priyadarshan was clear that he was making a film which caters for a global audience and it should resonate in its music too.<ref name="score12">{{Cite news |last=Menon |first=Anasuya |date=19 March 2021 |title='Marakkar' composer Rahul Raj: 'One has to be a filmmaker at heart' |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/composer-rahul-raj-on-making-music-for-marakkar-lion-of-the-arabian-sea-and-the-priest/article34106081.ece |url-status=live |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128193223/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/music/composer-rahul-raj-on-making-music-for-marakkar-lion-of-the-arabian-sea-and-the-priest/article34106081.ece |archive-date=28 November 2021}}</ref> Deviating from his usual norm, Priyadarshan gave full creative freedom to Rahul Raj for scoring, who is known for giving references and definitive instructions to his composers. His only instruction was to imagine as if he is working for a Hollywood epic and compose with that on mind. Raj wanted a [[soundscape]] that could bring an [[Epic film|epic]] feel as in films produced during the [[Classical Hollywood cinema|golden age of Hollywood]].<ref name="score22" /> He mentioned ''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' and ''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]'' as examples. Raj stated that the score of ''Marakkar'' "had to have a global resonance", remarking that the team effort which went into the film’s composition and sound design would pay off.<ref name="score12" />

Beside composing, Rahul Raj also performed [[Programming (music)|programming]] and production entirely by himself as opposed to have additional programmers in many regular film scores. The Chennai Strings Orchestra read [[String (music)|string]] pieces for some of the significant portions.<ref name="score22" />

== Production ==
In the initial stage, Priyadarshan planned only fours songs in the film, with one being [[instrumental]]. His plan was to experiment by diving three songs to three composers. However, all songs were finally given to Ronnie Raphael,<ref name="recordingb">{{Cite news |date=29 November 2018 |title='മരക്കാറി'ന്റെ പേടകം ഒരുങ്ങുന്നു, അമരത്ത് ലാലേട്ടനെത്താന്‍ ഇനി ദിവസങ്ങള്‍ മാത്രം |language=ml |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/priyadarshan-mohanlal-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham-pre-production-going-on/ |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130210227/https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/priyadarshan-mohanlal-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham-pre-production-going-on/ |url-status=live }}</ref> who worked with Priyadarshan's film ''Anamika'', a short segment in the anthology series ''[[Forbidden Love (web series)|Forbidden Love]]''.<ref name="recording">{{Cite news |last=Web Desk |date=29 November 2018 |title='മരക്കാറി'ന്റെ പേടകം ഒരുങ്ങുന്നു, അമരത്ത് ലാലേട്ടനെത്താന്‍ ഇനി ദിവസങ്ങള്‍ മാത്രം |language=ml |work=[[Indian Express Malayalam]] |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/entertainment/priyadarshan-mohanlal-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham-pre-production-going-on/ |access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> He composed five songs for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |last=സുമേരൻ |first=പി. ആർ. |date=5 July 2021 |title=പ്രിയൻസാർ വിളിച്ചു ദൈവവിളി പോലെ; റോണി റാഫേൽ |language=ml |work=[[Mathrubhumi]] |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/priyadarshan-movie-hungama-2-marakkar-music-director-rony-raphel--1.5805850 |access-date=30 November 2021 |archive-date=30 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130211729/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/priyadarshan-movie-hungama-2-marakkar-music-director-rony-raphel--1.5805850 |url-status=live }}</ref> Recording began as early as November 2018, even before the filming was started.<ref name="recording" /> The songs were sung by [[K. S. Chithra]], [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Shweta Mohan]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]] and Zia Ul Haq, with lyrics by [[Prabha Varma]], B. K. Harinarayanan, Shafi Kollam, and Priyadarshan.

Raphael stated that he was given to sing two or three songs, before being hired to compose the original songs. The following day, the first track "Kunju Kunjali" was recorded which was being a [[lullaby]]. For the track "Kannil Ente", Priyadarshan asked to include a [[Sufi music|Sufi]] version of the track. He first arranged the melody portion of the song which was well received by the director, and then he incorporated the Sufi version of the track later. All the tracks in the film were composed according to the periodic setting, except for "Ilaveyil". which was given a modern attempt. The tracks are arranged in such a manner that they intertwine with the story and context. As few sequences being set in [[China]], a part of the storyline, Priyadarshan showed Raphael a Chinese music instrument which did not exist in the current time. As the sound was very hard to crack, he mixed the particular song using [[Ukulele]] and [[Keyboard instrument|Keyboard]] for two of the tracks.<ref>{{Cite web |last=കാവ്‌ |first=സ്വീറ്റി |title=മരക്കാറിന് വേണ്ടി ഇപ്പോള്‍ നിലവിലില്ലാത്ത ഒരു ചൈനീസ് സംഗീതോപകരണത്തിന്റെ ശബ്ദം റീക്രിയേറ്റ് ചെയ്തു |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/interview-with-marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham-music-director-ronnie-raphael-1.6235624 |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=Mathrubhumi |date=3 December 2021 |language=ml |archive-date=7 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207050525/https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/interview/interview-with-marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham-music-director-ronnie-raphael-1.6235624 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Marketing and release ==
The music rights of the film were purchased by Saina Video Vision, based subsidiary audio label Saina Music. On 10 February 2021, the first single track "Kunju Kunjali", sung by [[K. S. Chithra]] was released in all languages.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 February 2021 |title=Marakkar Arabikadalinte Simham song Kunju Kunjali: A soulful track |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham-song-kunju-kunjali-is-soulful-7176317 |url-status=live |access-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205135644/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/marakkar-arabikadalinte-simham-song-kunju-kunjali-is-soulful-7176317/ |archive-date=5 February 2021}}</ref> The flute cover of this track, performed by Josy Alappuzha was released on 22 February 2021, through YouTube,<ref>{{Citation |title=Kunju Kunjali Instrumental Cover Song {{!}} Marakkar Arabikadalinte Simham {{!}} 4K | date=13 February 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcBipNoUdwU |language=en |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=10 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210150235/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcBipNoUdwU&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> and was later released on digital music platforms on 3 March 2021 as a track in the album. The song teaser of the second track, "Kannil Ente" was released on 24 March 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-24 |title=Watch: Pranav Mohanlal and Kalyani romance in 'Kannil Ente' song from 'Marakkar' |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-pranav-mohanlal-and-kalyani-romance-kannil-ente-song-marakkar-146639 |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=The News Minute |language=en |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417153215/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/watch-pranav-mohanlal-and-kalyani-romance-kannil-ente-song-marakkar-146639 }}</ref> whereas the full song was released a week later, on 31 March 2021. The third track "Chembinte Chelulla", sung by Vishnu Raj was released in all languages on 21 May 2021, marking [[Mohanlal]]'s birthday.<ref>{{Cite news |title='Marakkar' makers release new single 'Chembinte Chelulla' featuring Mohanlal |work=[[The News Minute]] |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/marakkar-makers-release-new-single-chembinte-chelulla-featuring-mohanlal-149316 |url-status=live |access-date=27 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527025135/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/marakkar-makers-release-new-single-chembinte-chelulla-featuring-mohanlal-149316 |archive-date=27 May 2021}}</ref> The full album was released on digital music platforms on 1 August 2021. On 10 November 2021, the theme of "Marakkar" composed by Rahul Raj, was launched through streaming platforms and also on YouTube.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-10 |title=Marakkar's Theme Music From Mohanlal's Historic Saga Is Grand and a Perfect Fit for the Magnum Opus! {{!}} 🎥 LatestLY |url=https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/marakkars-theme-music-from-mohanlals-historic-saga-is-grand-and-a-perfect-fit-for-the-magnum-opus-3060191.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-12-10 |website=LatestLY |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116102502/https://www.latestly.com/socially/entertainment/south/marakkars-theme-music-from-mohanlals-historic-saga-is-grand-and-a-perfect-fit-for-the-magnum-opus-3060191.html }}</ref> The album is also released through Saina's mobile application and online portal named Saina Play.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nagarajan |first=Saraswathy |date=2021-11-23 |title=Priyadarsan on the making of Malayalam cinema's costliest film, 'Marakkar: Arabikadalinte Simham' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/priyadarsan-interview-malayalam-film-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham-mohanlal/article37644581.ece |access-date=2021-12-10 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=23 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123220725/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/priyadarsan-interview-malayalam-film-marakkar-arabikkadalinte-simham-mohanlal/article37644581.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Song track listing ==
{{track listing
| headline = Malayalam
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kunju Kunjali
| lyrics1 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 4:16
| title2 = Kannil Ente
| lyrics2 = B. K. Harinarayanan, Shafi Kollam
| extra2 = [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Shweta Mohan]], Zia Ul Haq
| length2 = 5:34
| title3 = Chembinte Chelulla
| lyrics3 = [[Priyadarshan]]
| extra3 = Vishnu Raj
| length3 = 0:53
| title4 = Ilaveyil
| lyrics4 = [[Prabha Varma]]
| extra4 = [[M. G. Sreekumar]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length4 = 5:28
| title5 = Neeye En Thaaye
| lyrics5 = B. K. Harinarayanan
| extra5 = [[K. S. Harisankar]], Reshma Raghavendra
| length5 = 3:32
| title6 = Kunju Kunjali
| note6 = Instrumental
| extra6 = Josy Alappuzha
| length6 = 2:42
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Tamil
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Kannae Kunyaali
| lyrics1 = R. P. Bala
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 2:58
| title2 = Kannil Endrum
| lyrics2 = R. P. Bala, Shafi Kollam
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Mohan]], Zia Ul Haq
| length2 = 5:35
| title3 = Singathanam
| lyrics3 = R. P. Bala
| extra3 = Vishnu Raj
| length3 = 0:54
| title4 = Ilaveyil
| lyrics4 = R. P. Bala
| extra4 = Sathya Prakash, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length4 = 5:28
| title5 = Neeye En Thaaye
| lyrics5 = Samji
| extra5 = Sreekanth Hariharan, Reshma Raghavendra
| length5 = 3:32
| title6 = Kannae Kunyaali
| note6 = Instrumental
| extra6 = Josy Alappuzha
| length6 = 2:42
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Hindi
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Nanhe Kunjali
| lyrics1 = Nawab Arzoo
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 2:58
| title2 = Aankhon Mein
| lyrics2 = Nawab Arzoo, Shafi Kollam
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Mohan]], Zia Ul Haq
| length2 = 5:34
| title3 = Pyaaraa Kunjali
| lyrics3 = Nawab Arzoo
| extra3 = Vishnu Raj
| length3 = 0:54
| title4 = Madhdham
| lyrics4 = Ishtiaq Feroz
| extra4 = Sathya Prakash, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length4 = 5:28
| title5 = Hey Nandalala
| lyrics5 = Nawab Arzoo
| extra5 = Sreekanth Hariharan, Reshma Raghavendra
| length5 = 3:32
| title6 = Nanhe Kunjali
| note6 = Instrumental
| extra6 = Josy Alappuzha
| length6 = 2:42
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Telugu
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Chinni Kunjali
| lyrics1 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 2:58
| title2 = Kallaninda Kalalu
| lyrics2 = [[Vennelakanti]], Shafi Kollam
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Shweta Mohan]], Zia Ul Haq
| length2 = 5:34
| title3 = Manasunna Kunjaali
| lyrics3 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra3 = Vishnu Raj
| length3 = 0:54
| title4 = Kanulanu Kalipina
| lyrics4 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra4 = Sathya Prakash, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length4 = 5:28
| title5 = Paalinchu Thalli
| lyrics5 = [[Vennelakanti]]
| extra5 = Sreekanth Hariharan, Reshma Raghavendra
| length5 = 3:32
| title6 = Chinni Kunjali
| note6 = Instrumental
| extra6 = Josy Alappuzha
| length6 = 2:42
}}
{{track listing
| headline = Kannada
| extra_column = Artist(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Muddu Kunjalige
| lyrics1 = [[Aniruddha Sastry]]
| extra1 = [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length1 = 2:58
| title2 = Kande Kande
| lyrics2 = Aniruddha Sastry, Shafi Kollam
| extra2 = [[Karthik (singer)|Karthik]], [[Vandana Srinivasan]], Zia Ul Haq
| length2 = 5:34
| title3 = Manasiro Kunjali
| lyrics3 = Aniruddha Sastry
| extra3 = Vishnu Raj
| length3 = 0:54
| title4 = Manasali
| lyrics4 = Vybhav M
| extra4 = Sathya Prakash, [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]]
| length4 = 5:28
| title5 = Aalisu Tayee
| lyrics5 = Vybhav M
| extra5 = Sreekanth Hariharan, Reshma Raghavendra
| length5 = 3:32
| title6 = Muddu Kunjalige
| note6 = Instrumental
| extra6 = Josy Alappuzha
| length6 = 2:42
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:2020s film soundtrack albums]]
[[Category:Malayalam film soundtracks]]
[[Category:Hindi film soundtracks]]

Uthavedeeswarar Temple

2026-01-18T22:33:42Z

LavernChitwood1: Revised and enhanced article content

{{Short description|Shiva temple in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}{{Coord|format=dms|display=title}}
[[File:Uthavaitheesvarar_Inside.jpg|thumb|right|Inside Uthavaitheesvarar Temple (Kuthalam)]]
'''Uthavedeeswarar Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] in the town of [[Kuthalam]] in the [[Mayiladuthurai district]] of [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. The temple is dedicated to [[Shiva]].

== Significance ==
Shiva as Uthavedeeswarar is the presiding deity. According to [[Hindu mythology]], Shiva was married to [[Parvathi]] at this place and the god is believed to have left his sandals here before embarking for [[Mount Kailash]]. The [[Saivite]] saint [[Sambandar]] has composed hymns in praise of the temple in ''[[Thevaram]]''. Several sages like [[Kashyapa]], [[Angiras (sage)|Angirasa]], [[Gotama]], [[Markandeya]], [[Vashista]], [[Kulastar|Kulastya]] and [[Agastya]]. The temple is counted as one of the temples built on the banks of [[River Kaveri]]. It is believed that the river was flowing on both sides of the village.<ref name=Ka>{{cite book|title=River cauvery the most battl(r)ed|last=Ka. Vi.|first=Kannan|page=36|publisher=Notion Press|year=2019|isbn=9781684666041|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4CGFDwAAQBAJ&q=thiruvavaduthurai}}</ref>

==History==
Uthavedeewarar is to estimate 1000 - 2000 years ago.

Uddhala tree is famous in this temple. It is found only here in this entire world.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite web|title=Uthavedeeswarar Temple|url=https://temple.dinamalar.com/en/new_en.php?id=213|publisher=[[Dinamalar]]}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Mayiladuthurai district]]
[[Category:Padal Petra Stalam]]

{{TamilNadu-hindu-temple-stub}}

Elam Endira Devi

2026-01-12T04:26:51Z

LavernChitwood1: Added Basic Bio V1...

{{short description|Indian classical dancer and teacher (Born: 1958)|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Elam Endira Devi
| image = The President, Shri Pranab Mukherjee presenting the Padma Shri Award to Smt. Elam Indira Devi, at a Civil Investiture Ceremony, at Rashtrapati Bhavan, in New Delhi on March 31, 2014.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|09|01}}
| birth_place = [[Imphal]], [[Manipur]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| restingplace =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| othername =
| occupation = Classical dancer
| yearsactive =
| spouse = Haobam Manigopal Singh
| domesticpartner =
| children = 2 daughters and 3 sons
| parents = Elam Bidhumani Singh Elam Rosomani Devi
| website =
| awards = [[Padma Shri]]
}}
'''Elam Endira Devi''', is an Indian classical dancer and teacher, known for her expertise and scholarship in the classical dance form of [[Manipuri dance|Manipuri]], especially in the genres of ''Lai Haraoba'' and ''Raas''.<ref name="Sunil Kothari Column">{{cite web | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/gtsk/gtsk32.html | title=Sunil Kothari Column | publisher=Narthaki.com | date=26 November 2011 | access-date=25 August 2014 | author=Sunil Kothari}}</ref> The [[Government of India]] honored her, in 2014, with the [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award, for her services to the field of art and culture.<ref name="Padma">{{cite web |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |title=Padma Awards Announced |publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India |work=Circular |date=25 January 2014 |access-date=23 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302065134/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102735 |archive-date=2 March 2014 }}</ref>

==Biography==
[[File:Lai haraoba.JPG|thumb|240px|right|[[Lai haraoba]].]]
{{quote box|align = right|qalign = center|width=21em|''Imparting training in dances in the form of regular exercise in order to bring up children through acquiring of profound knowledge in our cultural and traditional dances with the moulding of their character, discipline and maintaining their physical fitness.'' '''says Elam Endira Devi'''<ref name="E Pao" />}}

Born on 1 September 1954 to Elam Bidhumani Singh and Elam Rosomani Devi at Khwai Nagamapal Singjubung Leirak, [[Imphal]], in the north east Indian state of [[Manipur]], Elam Indira Devi started learning Manipuri dance at the early age of eight, under the tutelage of Guru Lourembam Amuyaima Singh.<ref name="E Pao">{{cite web | url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=features.Profile_of_Manipuri_Personalities.Elam_Indira_Devi_Padmashree_Awardee_in_the_field_of_Dance_A_Profile | title=Elam Indira Devi (Padmashree Awardee in the field of Dance ) A Profile | publisher=E Pao | work=Web article | date=2014 | access-date=23 August 2014 | author=Daniel Chabungbam}}</ref> Later, she studied under teachers such as R. K. Akesana, Padmashree [[Maisnam Amubi Singh]],<ref name="Maisnam">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195650983.001.0001/acref-9780195650983-e-0268 | title=Maisnam Amubi Singh | publisher=Oxford University Press | date=2011 | access-date=24 August 2014 | ISBN=9780195650983}}</ref> [[Thingbaijam Babu Singh]] and Thiyam Tarunkumar Singh, before joining JN Manipur Dance Academy, Imphal for the Diploma course where she had the opportunity to learn under R. K. Priyogopal Sana, Yumshanbi Maibi, Thambalngou, Ng Kumar Maibi and Haobam Nganbi. She passed the Diploma course of ''Nitya Charya'' in 1967.<ref name="E Pao" />

Simultaneously, she maintained her curricular studies and secured BA and later, MA in Manipuri Culture and Literarture, in 1979, from [[Guwahati University]]. Meanwhile, she continued her studies in dance as well and, with the assistance of ''Young Artist Scholarship'' from the Ministry of Culture, the Government of India, completed post graduate degrees in Raas in 1979, and in [[Lai haraoba]] in 1984.<ref name="Sunil Kothari Column" /><ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />

Endira Devi has performed in a feature film, ''Matamgi Manipur'', which won the [[20th National Film Awards|National Film Award]] for the best film in [[Meitei language|Meitei]], in 1972.<ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" /> She has also performed at many regional, national and international stages.<ref name="E Pao" /> Some of the notable international performances are:
* Solo performance for [[Doordarshan]] - 1990<ref name="E Pao" />
* Solo performance - 150th Birth Anniversary of Viswa Guru Rabindranath Tagore Commemoration - 2011<ref name="E Pao" />
* Solo performance - 9th Bhagyachandra National Dance Festival of Classical Dance - 2011<ref name="E Pao" />
* Solo performance - Indo-Soviet Cultural Friendship, Moscow - 1978<ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />
* Traditional Dance 'Lai Haraoba' - India Festival, Paris - 1985<ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />
* Lai Haraoba Classical Dance - Re-Union Island, France - Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) - 2010<ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />
* Solo performance - Lokutshab Festival, New Delhi - 1988<ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />

Endira Devi has also participated in many ballets and dance dramas.<ref name="E Pao" />

Endira Devi is married to Haobam Manigopal Singh and the couple has three sons and two daughters.

==Meitei Traditional Dance Teaching School and Performing Centre==
In 1993, Endira Devi founded the Meitei Traditional Dance Teaching School and Performing Centre<ref name="MTDTSPC Profile">{{cite web | url=http://www.indiamapped.com/ngo-in-manipur/imphal/meitei-traditional-dance-school-and-teaching-center-20647/ | title=MTDTSPC Profile | publisher=Indi mapped.com | access-date=25 August 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030753/http://www.indiamapped.com/ngo-in-manipur/imphal/meitei-traditional-dance-school-and-teaching-center-20647/ | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> at Imphal and is the Director of the Institute ever since.<ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" /> The institute a centre for learning classical and traditional dances and ballets<ref name="Kangla Online">{{cite web | url=http://kanglaonline.com/2013/08/two-days-workshop-on-culture-for-peace-held/ | title=Kangla Online | publisher=Kangla Online.com | date=11 August 2013 | access-date=25 August 2014 | archive-date=5 March 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305044246/http://kanglaonline.com/2013/08/two-days-workshop-on-culture-for-peace-held/ | url-status=dead }}</ref> and is recognized by the Ministry of Culture, Government of India.<ref name="MTDTSPC">{{cite web|url=http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/pdf/Salary_grant_2008-09.pdf |title=MTDTSPC |publisher=Ministry of Culture |access-date=25 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410050143/http://indiaculture.nic.in/indiaculture/pdf/Salary_grant_2008-09.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2009 }}</ref>

==Positions==
Endira Devi has held various noteworthy positions such as:<ref name="E Pao" />
* Member - [[East Zone Cultural Centre]], Kolkata - 2009-12
* Jury Member - Centre for Cultural Resources and Training,<ref name="CCRT">{{cite web | url=http://ccrtindia.gov.in/ | title=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training | publisher=Centre for Cultural Resources and Training | access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref> a [[Government of India]] sponsored autonomous organization for education and culture - 1996-2007
* Member - Audition panel - [[Doordarshan]] Guwahati - 1998-2000
* Member - Official delegation - USSR Folk Festival, Kolkata - 1987

She is a Life Member of the [[UNESCO]] Club Association of India since 2009 and has been serving as an Expert commentator on Manipuri Dance at the [[All India Radio]], Imphal - from 1989 onwards.<ref name="E Pao" /> She has also worked as the guest lecturer for [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] at the Academic Staff College, [[Manipur University]] from 2001 to 2012<ref name="E Pao" /><ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" /> and is currently working as the Senior Guru at the Jawaharlal Nehru Manipur Dance Academy Manipur,<ref name="JN Manipur Dance Academy">{{cite web|url=http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/jnmda.htm |title=JN Manipur Dance Academy |publisher=Kendra Sangeet Natak Akademi |access-date=25 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100847/http://sangeetnatak.gov.in/sna/jnmda.htm |archive-date=3 September 2014 }}</ref> Imphal, since 1996.<ref name="Sunil Kothari Column" />

==Awards and recognitions==
* [[Padma Shri]] - [[Government of India]] - 2014<ref>{{Cite news|agency=PTI|date=2014-01-25|title=List of Padma awardees|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/list-of-padma-awardees/article5617946.ece|access-date=2021-02-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-25|title=Padma Awards full list: Narendra Dabholkar, Kamal Haasan, Leander Paes to be honoured|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/padma-awards-full-list-narendra-dabholkar-ruskin-bond-kamal-haasan-leander-paes-to-be-honoured/|access-date=2021-02-23|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
* Excellence Award - World Theatre Day - Short Play - 1970
* Best Actress Award - All India Drama Festival - 1971
* ''Nritya Rani Upadhi'' - Cultural Dramatic Association, Moirang - 1984<ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi">{{cite web | url=http://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Arts_and_Culture.Article_Dances_Manipur.Bhagyachandra_National_Festival_of_Classical_Dance_2011_Part_2 | title=Bhagyachandra National Festival of Classical Dance 2011 : Part 2 | publisher=E Pao | date=14 November 2011 | access-date=25 August 2014}}</ref>
* Junior Fellowship - [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] - [[Government of India]] - 1990-92

==Writings==
Elam Endira Devi has published four books on Manipuri dance and culture.
# {{cite book | url=http://www.narthaki.com/info/gtsk/gtsk32.html | title=Lai Haraoba Wakhallon Paring - Series of Thoughts on Lai Haraoba | author=Elam Indira Devi | year=1998}}
# Meitei Jagoigi Chaorakpa Saktam (a glimpse of Manipuri Dance) - 1998<ref name="E Pao" />
# Lai Haraoba Anoi Eeshei - 2001<ref name="E Pao" />
# Lai Haraoba Anoi Warol - 2002<ref name="E Pao" />
# Dances of Lai Haraoba (under publication)<ref name="E Pao" />

Lai Haraoba Wakhallon Paring (Series of thoughts on Lai-haraoba)<ref name="Sunil Kothari Column" /><ref name="Shamanism">{{cite book | title=Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture, Volume 1 | publisher=ANC Clio | author=Mariko Namba Walter, Eva Jane Neumann Fridman | year=2004 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/shamanism00mari/page/1055 1055] | isbn=9781576076453 | url=https://archive.org/details/shamanism00mari/page/1055 }}</ref> won the Gold Medal from ''Naharol Sahitya Premi Samiti'', Imphal in 2002<ref name="Nritya Rani Upadhi" />

She has also presented several papers and delivered many lectures at various seminars and conferences at national and international level.<ref name="E Pao" />

==Manipuri dance gallery==
<gallery>
File:A Manipuri Dancer in traditional Krishna attire.jpg
File:Manipuri.jpg
File:Pung cholom performer, Manipur.jpg
File:Ras Lila.jpg
File:Manipuri Dance.jpg
File:Maharas Purnima.jpg
File:Rasa Lila in Manipuri dance style.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
{{portal|India}}
* [[Manipuri dance]]
* [[Lai Haraoba]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224032/http://www.endeavorcareers.com/genesis/?p=12777 Padma Award news]
* [http://tse.manipur.us/2011/11/11/sangai-express-news.php%3Fnewsid=10565.html Reference in The Sangai Express]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Dance in India}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devi, Elam Endira}}
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Manipuri dancers]]
[[Category:People from Imphal]]
[[Category:Dancers from Manipur]]
[[Category:Women artists from Manipur]]
[[Category:Artists from Manipur]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian dancers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women artists]]
[[Category:Indian female classical dancers]]

Aha (streaming service)

2026-01-08T08:12:07Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Short description|Indian streaming service}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox website
| name = Aha
| logo = Aha (streaming service.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_caption =
| screenshot = Aha OTT Screenshot.jpeg
| caption = Aha website screenshot on 8 April 2021
| collapsible = yes
| owner = {{plainlist|
* [[Geetha Arts]]
* [[Rameswar Rao Jupally|My Home Group]]
}}
| founder = {{plainlist|
* [[Allu Aravind]]
* [[Rameswar Rao Jupally|Jupally Rameswar Rao]]
}}
| parent = Arha Media and Broadcasting Pvt. Ltd.
| headquarters = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
| country = India
| website_type = {{plainlist|
* [[Video on demand]]
* [[Streaming media]]
}}
| company_type = [[Streaming media]]
| language = {{plainlist|
* [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
* [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
}}
| founded = {{Start date and age|2020|df=yes}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/aha-turns-one-year-a-surprise-ott-blockbuster/|title = Aha Turns One Year - a Surprise OTT Blockbuster!|date = 8 February 2021}}</ref>
| commercial = Yes
| registration = Required
| users = {{increase}} 2.5 Million (paid; as of March 2023)<ref>{{cite news |title=Aha moment for Telugu, Tamil content: will the OTT platform's hyperlocal bet work globally? |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/prime/consumer/aha-moment-for-telugu-tamil-content-will-the-ott-platforms-hyperlocal-bet-work-globally/primearticleshow/98525857.cms?from=mdr |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=3 March 2024 | last1=Panjari | first1=Swagata }}</ref>
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2020|df=yes}}
| industry = {{plainlist|
* [[Streaming media|Streaming]]
* [[Entertainment]]
}}
| products = {{plainlist|
* [[Streaming media]]|
* [[Video on demand]]|
* [[Digital distribution]]
}}
| services = [[streaming media|On-demand video streaming]]
| president = [[Allu Aravind]]
| CEO = Ravikant Sabnavis<ref>{{cite web |last1=k |first1=Janani |title=Aha founder Allu Aravind, CEO Ravikant Sabnavis on trend of remakes: 'It's dying' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/aha-founder-allu-aravind-ceo-ravikant-sabnavis-on-trend-of-remakes-its-dying-2520837-2024-03-29 |website=India Today |publisher=IndiaToday |access-date=3 March 2024}}</ref>
| country_of_origin = [[India]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| current_status = Active
| website = {{URL|https://www.aha.video/}}
}}

'''Aha''' (stylised as '''aha''') is an Indian [[Over-the-top media service|over-the-top]] [[Streaming media|streaming]] service which offers [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language content. It is owned by Arha Media & Broadcasting Private Limited, a joint venture between [[Geetha Arts]] and [[Jupally Rameswar Rao|My Home Group]].<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|title = Ramu Rao Jupally and Allu Aravind Lunches Aha OTT digital Platform- మై హోం సంస్థ, అల్లు అరవింద్‌ల 'ఆహా'|date = 2020-02-08|access-date = 8 February 2020|archive-date = 16 November 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201116200511/https://tv9telugu.com/ramu-rao-jupally-and-allu-aravind-lunches-aha-ott-digital-platform-197777.html/amp|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web | url=https://telugu.samayam.com/tech/news/allu-aravinds-ott-service-aha-launched-full-details/articleshow/73631509.cms | title=Allu Arjun: Amazon Primeకు అల్లు వారి షాక్.. కొత్త ఓటీటీ సర్వీస్ అందుబాటులోకి! - allu aravind's ott service aha launched full details}}</ref> The service was soft launched on 25 January 2020 and launched officially on 25 March 2020,<ref name="preview">{{Cite web |date=9 February 2020 |title=Allu Aravind enters digital space |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/allu-aravind-enters-digital-space-603862 |website=[[The Hans India]]}}</ref> coinciding with [[Ugadi]], the Telugu New Year.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kavirayani |first=Suresh |date=11 February 2020 |title=Aha! A new OTT channel to watch out for |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/110220/aha-a-new-ott-channel-to-watch-out-for.html |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref><ref name="preview" />

== History ==
[[Allu Aravind]] revealed that he was enamoured with the digital environment and developed a habit of binge-watching. Soon he came up with the idea of starting a [[Over-the-top media service|streaming platform]] for hosting solely [[Telugu-language|Telugu]] content. Discussion of the idea with his family which led to talks with [[Jupally Rameswar Rao]], who joined as a partner in the venture. Aravind and Ramu Rao are active promoters who run the business, while Meghana Gorukanti Jupally is the head of marketing advisory committee and Ravikant Sabnavis heads the platform as CEO.<ref name=":1" />

== Market and expansion ==
After opting for a soft launch on 8 February 2020 an event named ''aha Preview'' was conducted, where all the filmmakers who worked on <nowiki>''aha Originals''</nowiki> attended and presented their work.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.sakshi.com/news/movies/allu-aravind-speech-aha-ott-platform-preview-1262219 |title = భవిష్యత్‌ డిజిటల్‌ రంగానిదే|date = 2020-02-10}}</ref> In November 2020, aha announced actor [[Allu Arjun]] as its brand ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-11|title=Allu Arjun to promote aha content|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/allu-arjun-to-promote-aha-content/article33077090.ece|access-date=|website=[[The Hindu Businessline]]}}</ref> The platform has acquired one million subscribers within a year of its launch,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farooqi |first=Maryam |date=2021-02-11 |title=Telugu OTT Aha Is Another Feather In The Cap Of Language-specific Streaming Platforms |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/telugu-ott-aha-is-another-feather-in-the-cap-of-language-specific-streaming-platforms-6508031.html |access-date= |website=Moneycontrol}}</ref> and by July 2021, it has over 1.5 million paid subscribers. In November 2021, the total paid active subscribers were 1.8 million, and as of 31 March 2024, the total paid active subscribers were 2.5 million,<ref name="preview" /> and 40-million-plus users, catering predominantly to the markets of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]] states.<ref>{{Cite web|last=V|first=Narayanan|date=2021-07-20|title=Regional OTTs — streaming ahead, full steam|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/variety/regional-otts-streaming-ahead-full-steam/article35413201.ece|access-date=|website=[[The Hindu Businessline]]}}</ref>

In August 2021, aha launched aha kids, a sub-brand focusing on children's programming. It is scheduled to launch on 10 September, coinciding with [[Ganesh Chaturthi|Vinayaka Chavithi]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2021-08-25|title=aha Video forays into kids content|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/aha-video-forays-into-kids-content-11629866324794.html|website=[[livemint]]}}</ref> aha 2.0 was launched<ref name="Asia-Pacific Broadcasting">{{cite news|title=aha over the top with premier Telugu user engagement|url=}}</ref> in November 2021 on a cloud-native platform from [[Firstlight Media]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-01-21|title=Aha Tamil Bags Digital Rights of Pa. Ranjith's Writer, Film to Stream Soon|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/aha-tamil-bags-digital-rights-of-pa-ranjiths-writer-film-to-stream-soon-4683752.html|access-date=2022-02-11|website=News18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-01|title=Aha Tamil Upcoming Movies 2022 List - OTT STOP|url=https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|access-date=2022-02-11|language=en-US|archive-date=19 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319005836/https://ottstop.com/aha-tamil-upcoming-movies/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language version of Aha was launched in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-14|title=Allu Aravind Launches Tamil Version of Aha OTT in Chennai|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/allu-aravind-launches-tamil-version-of-aha-ott-in-chennai-4771733.html|website=News18}}</ref>

Aha was launched for streaming on [[Tata Play]] in April 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date= April 2023|title=Aha was launched for streaming on Tata Play Binge |url=https://www.tataplay.com/dth/press-releases/aha-joins-league-apps-tata-play-binge|website=www.tataplaybinge.com}}</ref>

== Original programming==
The service began its operation by acquiring digital rights of films such as ''[[Arjun Suravaram]], [[Kaithi (2019 film)|Kaithi]]'' (Telugu dubbed version) and ''[[Choosi Choodangaane]]''.<ref name ="preview"/>

=== Television shows ===
The original scripted content which debuted on the service during the soft launch was ''Kotha Poradu'', ''Shithappens '' and ''Geetha Subhramanyam 2020''.<ref>{{Citation|title=Geetha Subramanyam Review: Geetha Subramanyam ticks all the required boxes for a feel-good series|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/geetha-subramanyam/seasonreview/76104221.cms|access-date=2021-07-13}}</ref> '' Masti's'' created by [[Krish (director)|Krish]] debuted on 8 February 2020. For the first year, the scripted original content included 25 original shows.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://telugu.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/allu-aravind-warns-parents-over-aha-ott-q5fm3b |title = బోల్డ్ కంటెంట్ ఉంటుంది.. చిన్న పిల్లలకు చూపించొద్దు: అల్లు అరవింద్}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/mastis-trailer-is-filled-with-all-emotions-603821 | title=Masti's Trailer is Filled with All Emotions}}</ref> Talk show ''[[Sam Jam]]'' with [[Samantha Ruth Prabhu|Samantha]] as its host premiered on aha on 13 November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Samantha Akkineni turns talk show host with Sam Jam Samantha|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/samantha-akkineni-turns-talk-show-host-with-sam-jam-samantha-6980856/|access-date=2020-11-22|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> [https://www.tataplaybinge.com/partner/aha/30 Aha] has planned to offer over 50 original shows for the year 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Farooqui|first=Maryam|date=11 November 2020|title=Telugu OTT 'aha' is betting on originals to gain steam in the video-streaming space|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/entertainment/telugu-ott-aha-is-betting-on-originals-to-gain-steam-in-the-video-streaming-space-6098001.html|access-date=2020-11-22|website=[[Moneycontrol]]}}</ref> [[Unstoppable (talk show)|''Unstoppable'']] with [[Nandamuri Balakrishna]] ranked 5th on IMDb among the top 10 reality shows.<ref>{{Cite web|last=K|first=S.|date=2022-01-07|title=Unstoppable show With NBK in top 10 reality TV list on IMDb|url=https://crazymovieupdates.com/unstoppable-show-with-nbk-in-top-10-reality-tv-list-on-imdb/|access-date=2022-01-10|language=en-US}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
!Genre
! Seasons
!Language
!Status
|-
|''Geetha Subhramanyam''
| 25 January 2020
|[[Romantic drama]]
| 3 seasons, 23 episodes
| rowspan="24" |Telugu
|Ended
|-
| ''[[Kotha Poradu]]''
|25 January 2020
|[[Romantic drama]]
|1 season, 10 episodes
|Ended
|-
| ''Shit Happens''
|25 January 2020
|[[Adult comedy]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Ended
|-
| ''[[Masti's]]''<ref name="Shows">{{Cite web |title='Aha' Review: A Great Start, But Quality Over Quantity Needed | Latest Andhra Pradesh Political and Movie News, Gossips, Movie Reviews, Analysis, Gallery - Gulte |url=https://m.gulte.com/article/Aha-Review-A-Great-Start-But-Quality-Over-Quantity-Needed/82532/amp |website=m.gulte.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.binged.com/news/aha-upping-the-ante-of-telugu-digital-platform-with-mastis/amp/|title=Aha Upping The Ante Of Telugu Digital Platform With Masti's – Binged|website=www.binged.com|date=8 February 2020}}</ref>
| 8 February 2020
|[[Drama]]
| 1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Sin''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-23|title=Lockdown Review : SIN – Telugu web series on AHA|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/sin-telugu-web-series-on-aha.html|access-date=2020-11-02|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|30 March 2020
|[[Adult drama]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
|Renewed<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=From Unstoppable with NBK 4 to 3 Roses 2: Aha announce 12 new movies, shows for 2024 - Details inside |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/from-unstoppable-with-nbk-4-to-3-roses-2-aha-announce-12-new-movies-shows-for-2024-details-inside/3ecb3db4be629 |access-date=2024-12-30 |website=OTTPlay |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Locked (miniseries)|Locked]]''<ref>{{Cite web|author=Janani K.|date=March 29, 2020|title=Locked Review: Satyadev Kancharana's psychological thriller is intriguing in parts|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/locked-review-satyadev-kancharana-s-psychological-thriller-is-intriguing-in-parts-1660945-2020-03-29|access-date=2020-11-02|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|30 March 2020
|[[Thriller film|Crime Thriller]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Metro Kathalu<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-14|title=Metro Kathalu Review|url=https://www.binged.com/reviews/metro-kathalu-movie-review/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Binged|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Metro Kathalu Review – A breezy portrait of a life in a metropolis|url=https://www.letsott.com/metro-kathalu-2020|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Metro Kathalu Review – A breezy portrait of a life in a metropolis|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>''
|14 August 2020
|[[Anthology series|Anthology drama]]
|1 season, 4 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''All Is Well''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suma Kanakala interview: All is Well celebrates the work of reel-and-real life heroes.|url=https://www.letsott.com/suma-kanakala-interview-all-is-well-celebrates-the-work-of-reel-and-real-life-heroes|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Suma Kanakala interview: All is Well celebrates the work of reel-and-real life heroes.|language=en-US|archive-date=24 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624122414/https://www.letsott.com/suma-kanakala-interview-all-is-well-celebrates-the-work-of-reel-and-real-life-heroes|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|15 August 2020
|[[Talk show]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Addham]]''<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/addham-review-this-varalaxmi-sarathkumar-rohini-and-prasanna-web-series-is-worth-a-watch/article32870629.ece|title = 'Addham' review: Of duality and tricky areas|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 16 October 2020|last1 = Dundoo|first1 = Sangeetha Devi}}</ref> || 16 October 2020
|[[Anthology series|Anthology drama]]
| 1 season, 3 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Tamasha with Harsha]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tamasha with Harsha Comedy Talk Show Streaming Online Watch on AHA Video|url=https://www.binged.com/streaming-premiere-dates/tamasha-with-harsha-comedy-talk-show-streaming-online-watch-on-aha-video/|access-date=2020-11-13|website=Binged|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-14|title=Viva Harsha impresses with his witty humor on Tamasha with Harsha|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/viva-harsha-impresses-with-his-witty-humor-on-tamasha-with-harsha.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|6 November 2020
|[[Talk show]]
|1 season, 4 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[CommitMental]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=K|first=Krishna|date=3 November 2020|title=Teaser Talk: 'Commit Mental' Of Long Distance Relationships|url=https://telugustop.com/teaser-talk-commit-mental-long-distance-relationships/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=TeluguStop.com|language=en}}</ref>
|13 November 2020
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Sam Jam]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Samantha Akkineni to host a talk show for Aha|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2020/nov/06/samantha-akkineni-to-host-a-talk-show-for-aha-21181.html|access-date=2020-11-06|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=6 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Avula|first=Krishna|date=2020-11-12|title=Severe Criticism On 'Sam Jam' Show|url=https://telugustop.com/severe-criticism-on-sam-jam-show/|access-date=2020-12-15|website=TeluguStop.com}}</ref>
|13 November 2020
|[[Talk show]]
|1 season, 4 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Honeymoon<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2020-11-27|title=New web series Honeymoon is unconventional, funny and relatable|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/new-web-series-honeymoon-is-unconventional-funny-and-relatable-658781|access-date=2020-12-15|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-29|title=OTT Review : Honeymoon – Telugu Web Series on AHA|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/honeymoon-telugu-web-series-on-aha-review.html|access-date=2020-12-15|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>''
|27 November 2020
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
|Ended
|-
| ''[[11th Hour (web series)|11th Hour]]''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-10|title=Tamannaah's first Telugu web series '11th Hour' to premiere on Aha|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/tamannaah-s-first-telugu-web-series-11th-hour-premiere-aha-137314|access-date=2020-11-13|website=The News Minute|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-10|title=Tamannaah in web series '11th Hour'|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tamannaah-in-web-series-11th-hour/article33064382.ece|access-date=2020-11-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|8 April 2021
|[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|[[In the Name of God (TV series)|''In the Name of God'']]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Aha's new series In The Name Of God shows Priyadarshi in a different light|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/ahas-new-series-in-the-name-of-god-shows-priyadarshi-in-a-different-light-7319966/|access-date=2021-06-05|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
|18 June 2021
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Kudi Yedamaithe]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 15, 2021|first=Janani|last=K.|title=Amala Paul shares Kudi Yedamaithe trailer. Web series to release on July 16|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/binge-watch/story/amala-paul-shares-kudi-yedamaithe-trailer-web-series-to-release-on-july-16-1828565-2021-07-15|access-date=2021-07-16|website=[[India Today]]|language=en}}</ref>''
|16 July 2021
|[[Sci fi|Sci-fi]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Aha Bhojanambu''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lakshmi Manchu hosts 'Aha Bhojanambu' with a culinary twist|url=https://telanganatoday.com/lakshmi-manchu-hosts-aha-bhojanambu-with-a-culinary-twist|access-date=2021-07-22|website=Telangana Today|date=11 July 2021|language=en-US}}</ref>
|23 July 2021
|[[Cooking show|Cooking]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Tharagathi Gadhi Daati]]''<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-18|title=Telugu remake of 'FLAMES' to stream on August 20|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tharagathi-gadhi-daati-thetelugu-remake-of-flames-to-stream-on-aha/article35970638.ece|access-date=2021-08-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|20 August 2021
|[[Teen drama]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Ended
|-
|[[The Baker and The Beauty (web series)|''The Baker and The Beauty'']]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Toleti|first=Siddartha|date=2021-09-12|title=The Baker And The Beauty Zee5 Net: Surprise Arrivals On Telugu OTT|url=https://www.mirchi9.com/movienews/surprise-arrivals-on-telugu-ott/|access-date=2021-09-14|website=mirchi9.com|language=en-US}}</ref>''
|10 September 2021
|[[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy-drama]]
|1 season, 10 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Sarkaar''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telugu|first=TV9|date=2021-10-28|title=aha - OTT : 'స‌ర్కార్‌' అంటూ సరికొత్త గేమ్ షోతో షేక్ చేయడానికి రెడీ అయిన ఆహా..|url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/ott/sarkar-is-the-ahas-upcoming-game-show-hosted-by-pradeep-machiraju-566707.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|28 October 2021
|[[Game show]]
|5 seasons, 64 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''Alludu Garu''
|29 October 2021
|[[Comedy drama]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Unstoppable (talk show)|Unstoppable]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-31 |title=Unstoppable first episode promo: Mohan Babu opens up on his struggling period as an actor with Nandamuri Balakrishna |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/unstoppable-first-episode-promo-mohan-babu-opens-up-on-his-struggling-period-as-an-actor-with-nandamuri-balakrishna-7600353/ |access-date=2021-11-06 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|4 November 2021
|[[Talk show]]
|3 seasons, 30 episodes
|Ongoing
|-
|''[[3 Roses (web series)|3 Roses]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-13 |title=OTT Review : 3 Roses – Telugu series on Aha Video |url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/3-roses-telugu-series-review.html |access-date=2022-01-10 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|12 November 2021
|[[Adult comedy|Adult comedy drama]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Renewed<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''Chef Mantra''<ref>{{Cite web |title=aha launches Chef Mantra, an innovative culinary talk show hosted by Sreemukhi |date=18 November 2021 |url=https://www.apnnews.com/aha-launches-chef-mantra-an-innovative-culinary-talk-show-hosted-by-sreemukhi/ |access-date=2022-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|17 November 2021
|[[Cooking show|Cooking]]
|4 seasons, 33 episodes
|Ongoing
|-
|''[[Akash Vaani]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=First look of webseries titled 'Akash Vaani' out |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2022/jan/31/first-look-of-webseries-titled-akash-vaani-out-2413249.html |access-date=2022-02-08 |website=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2022}}</ref>
|11 February 2022
|[[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy-drama]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|Ended
|-
|[[Irai (TV series)|''Irai'']]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jha|first=Lata|date=2022-02-14|title=Telugu OTT platform aha to premiere Tamil show 'Irai'|url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/telugu-ott-platform-aha-to-premiere-tamil-show-irai-11644816847663.html|access-date=2022-02-14|website=mint|language=en}}</ref>
|18 February 2022
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Telugu Indian Idol]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=The Hans|date=2022-02-19|title=Telugu 'Indian Idol' to get started from February 25|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/telugu-indian-idol-to-get-started-from-february-25-730015|access-date=2022-02-21|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>''
|25 February 2022
|[[Variety show|Reality singing]]
|4 seasons, 110 episodes
| Telugu
|Pending
|-
|''[[Ramany vs Ramany 3.0]]''<ref name=":0" />
| 4 March 2022
|[[Comedy drama]]
|1 season, 12 episodes
| Tamil
| Ended
|-
|''[[Qubool Hai?]]''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2022-03-08 |title=Director Pranav Pingle Reddy's Telugu web series 'Qubool Hai?' to explore the underbelly of Hyderabad |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/qubool-hai-to-explore-how-young-girls-are-forced-into-child-marriages-and-trafficking-in-hyderabad/article65203752.ece |access-date=2022-03-13 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|11 March 2022
|[[Crime drama|Social crime]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
| Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''[[Kuthukku Pathu]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Irai to Mad Company, Aha announces new Tamil originals |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/feb/13/irai-to-mad-company-aha-announces-new-tamil-originals-29714.html |access-date=2022-02-14 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=13 February 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|13 May 2022
|[[Black comedy]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
|Tamil
|Ended
|-
|''BFF''
|20 May 2022
|[[Adult comedy|Adult comedy drama]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''Ammuchi 2''
|17 June 2022
|[[Comedy]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Tamil
|Ended
|-
|''[[Anya's Tutorial]]''<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anya's Tutorial Season 1 Review : This bilingual horror thriller is fascinating for the most part but fizzles out towards the end |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/telugu/anyas-tutorial/anyas-tutorial-season-1/seasonreview/92601669.cms |access-date=2023-02-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|1 July 2022
|[[Psychological thriller]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''[[Agent Anand Santhosh]]''
|5 August 2022
|[[Comedy thriller]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Emoji''
|5 August 2022
|[[Romance film|Romance]]
|1 season, 7 episodes
|Tamil
|Ended
|-
|''Dance Ikon''<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/telugu/ohmkar-hosted-ott-dance-show-titled-dance-ikon-winner-to-get-a-chance-to-choreograph-tollywoods-top-hero/articleshow/92386558.cms |title=Ohmkar-hosted OTT dance show titled 'Dance Ikon'; winner to get a chance to choreograph 'Tollywood's top hero' |newspaper=The Times of India |date=22 June 2022}}</ref>
| 11 September 2022
|[[Dance show]]
| 2 seasons, 37 episodes
|Telugu
|Renewed<ref name=":2" />
|-
|''[[Sarkaar With Jiiva]]''
|16 September 2022
|[[Game show]]
|1 season, 13 episodes
|Tamil
|Ended
|-
|[[Papam Pasivadu (TV series)|''Papam Pasivadu'']]
|29 September 2023
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
|Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''[[Mad Company]]''<ref name=":0" />
|30 September 2022
|[[Comedy drama]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|Ended
|-
|[[Pettaikaali (TV series)|''Pettaikaali'']]
|21 October 2022
|[[Action fiction|Action]] [[Thriller (genre)|thriller]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Mister Pellam''
|28 November 2022
|[[Soap opera]]
|1 season, 60 episodes
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''Comedy Stock Exchange''
|2 December 2022
|[[Stand-up comedy]]
|2 seasons, 22 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''Mandakini''
|6 March 2023
|[[Fantasy]]
|1 season, 64 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Newsense]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-12 |title='Newsense' Telugu web series review: Navdeep embraces the grey shades in this partially gritty tale of media and politics |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/newsense-telugu-web-series-review-navdeep-bindu-madhavi-in-a-partially-gritty-tale/article66838612.ece |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|12 May 2023
|[[Political drama]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Arthamainda Arun Kumar]]''
|30 June 2023
|[[Romantic comedy|Romantic]] [[comedy-drama]]
|2 seasons, 10 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''[[Nenu Super Woman]]''
|21 July 2023
|[[Reality television]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Vera Maari Office]]''
|10 August 2023
|[[Office humor]]
|2 seasons, 105 episodes
|Tamil
|Pending
|-
|''Family Dhamaka''
|8 September 2023
|[[Game show]]
|1 season, 15 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|Ended
|-
|''Dugout''
|18 November 2023
|[[Game show]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''Vera Maari Love Story''
|14 February 2024
|[[Romantic drama]]
|1 season, 6 episodes
| rowspan="3" |Tamil
|Ended
|-
|''High On Kadhal''
|16 September 2024
|[[Romantic drama]]
|1 season, 4 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Sshhh]]''
|29 November 2024
|[[Adult drama]]
|2 seasons, 8 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''[[Vere Level Office]]''
|12 December 2024
|[[Office humor]]
|2 seasons, 42 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Telugu
|Pending
|-
|''Aha Superstar''
|20 December 2024
|[[Talent show]]
|1 season, 3 episodes
|Ended
|-
|''[[Vera Maari Trip]]''
|10 January 2025
|[[Comedy drama]]
|1 season, 15 episodes
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|Pending
|-
|''Madurai Paiyanum Chennai Ponnum''
|14 February 2025
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|1 season, 25 episodes
|Pending
|-
|[[Hometown (Indian TV series)|''Hometown'']]
|4 April 2025
|[[Comedy drama]]
|1 season, 5 episodes
| rowspan="3" |Telugu
|Pending
|-
|''Network''
|31 July 2025
|[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|1 season, 10 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''[[Anandalahari (TV series)|Anandalahari]]''
|17 October 2025
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|1 season, 8 episodes
|Pending
|-
|''Dhoolpet Police Station''
|5 December 2025
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|1 season
|Tamil
|Pending
|-
! colspan="6" | Awaiting release
|}

=== Films ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Release date
!Genre
! Runtime
!Language
|-
|''[[Senapathi]]''<ref name="ie">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-29|title=Senapathi trailer: Rajendra Prasad's OTT debut promises an intense thriller|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/senapathi-trailer-rajendra-prasad-aha-7695832/|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>
|31 December 2021
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|144 minutes
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|-
|[[The American Dream (film)|''The American Dream'']]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Telugu|first=TV9|date=2022-01-08|title=The American Dream: ఆహా అందించనున్న మరో ఆసక్తికర మూవీ.. ఆకట్టుకుంటున్న ది అమెరికన్ డ్రీమ్ ట్రైలర్..|url=https://tv9telugu.com/entertainment/tollywood/young-hero-prince-latest-movie-the-american-dream-trailer-released-613059.html|access-date=2022-01-10|website=TV9 Telugu|language=te}}</ref>''
|14 January 2022
|[[Drama thriller]]
|113 minutes
|-
|''[[Bhamakalapam (2022 film)|Bhamakalapam]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hymavathi|first=Ravali|date=2022-01-31|title=Priyamani's 'Bhama Kalapam' Trailer Is Out|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/priyamanis-bhama-kalapam-trailer-is-out-727250|access-date=2022-02-08|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>
|11 February 2022
|[[Crime comedy|Comedy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
|133 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 February 2022|title=Priya Mani: I've not played a character like Bhamakalapam's Anupama before|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2022/feb/08/priya-mani-ive-not-played-a-character-like-bhamakalapams-anupama-before-29615.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220211/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/interviews/2022/feb/08/priya-mani-ive-not-played-a-character-like-bhamakalapams-anupama-before-29615.html|archive-date=11 February 2022|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
|-
|[[Bloody Mary (2022 film)|''Bloody Mary'']]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Bloody Mary: డేట్ ఫిక్స్ చేసుకున్న బ్లడీ మేరీ.. ఎప్పుడంటే..? {{!}} Bloody Mary Locks OTT Release Date |url=https://10tv.in/latest/bloody-mary-locks-ott-release-date-403395.html |website=[[10TV]] |language=TE}}</ref>''
|15 April 2022
|[[Crime thriller|Crime action thriller]]
|91 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-16 |title=Bloody Mary Review: A lazy web show that suffers from multiple flaws |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bloody-mary-review-lazy-web-show-suffers-multiple-flaws-1069204 |access-date=2022-04-29 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416135806/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/bloody-mary-review-lazy-web-show-suffers-multiple-flaws-1069204 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Payanigal Gavanikkavum]]''<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=25 January 2022|title=Suraj Venjaramoodu- Soubin Shahir starrer 'Vikruthi' to be remade in Tamil|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/suraj-venjaramoodu-soubin-shahir-starrer-vikruthi-to-be-remade-in-tamil/articleshow/89113015.cms|access-date=2022-01-25|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|29 April 2022
|[[Comedy drama]]
|115 minutes
| rowspan="2" |Tamil
|-
|''[[Pothanur Thabal Nilayam]]''<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2022/may/28/few-saving-graces-in-a-majorly-amateurish-attempt-31826.html | title=Pothanur Thabal Nilayam Movie Review: Few saving graces in a majorly amateurish attempt | newspaper=[[Cinema Express]] }}</ref>
| 27 May 2022
| [[Heist film|Heist]] [[crime drama]]
| 123 minutes<ref>[https://www.blogcadre.com/best-online-streaming/ Best Online Streaming Sites]</ref>
|-
|[[Highway (2022 film)|''Highway'']]''<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-08-10 |title=Anand Deverakonda-starrer 'Highway' to have direct OTT release |url=https://telanganatoday.com/anand-deverakonda-starrer-highway-to-have-direct-ott-release |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=[[Telangana Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref>''
|19 August 2022
|[[Crime thriller film|Mystery crime thriller]]
|123 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jha |first=Lata |date=2022-08-14 |title=Telugu service aha Video to stream new thriller 'Highway' |url=https://www.livemint.com/industry/media/telugu-service-aha-video-to-stream-new-thriller-highway-11660461006517.html |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |language=en}}</ref>
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Rathasaatchi]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/nov/16/first-look-of-ahasrathasaatchi-out-36693.html|title=First look of Aha's Rathasaatchi out|website=[[Cinema Express]]|date=16 November 2022 }}</ref>
|9 December 2022
|[[Action drama film|Action drama]]
|123 minutes
|Tamil
|-
|''[[Sathi Gani Rendu Ekaralu]]''
|26 May 2023
|[[Comedy drama]]
|111 minutes
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Sevappi]]''
|12 January 2024
|[[Crime Drama|Crime drama]]
|113 minutes
|Tamil
|-
|''[[Bhamakalapam 2]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/ott-review-bhamakalapam-2-telugu-film-on-aha.html|title=OTT Review : Bhamakalapam 2 – Telugu film on Aha|work=[[Mallemala Entertainments|123telugu]]|date=17 February 2024|access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref>
|16 February 2024
|[[Crime comedy|Comedy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
|128 minutes
| rowspan="6" |Telugu
|-
|''[[Mix Up (film)|Mix Up]]''
|15 March 2024
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|89 minutes
|-
| ''[[My Dear Donga]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-11 |title=Abhinav Gomatam's My Dear Donga to arrive on Aha soon {{!}} Latest Telugu cinema news {{!}} Movie reviews {{!}} OTT Updates, OTT |url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/abhinav-gomatams-my-dear-donga-to-arrive-on-aha-soon.html |access-date=2024-04-22 |website=123telugu.com |language=en}}</ref>
|19 April 2024
|[[Comedy drama film|Comedy drama]]
|103 minutes
|-
|''[[Balu Gani Talkies]]''<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-09-21 |title=Balu Gani Talkies gets a new OTT premiere date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Sep/21/balu-gani-talkies-gets-a-new-ott-premiere-date |access-date=2024-10-05 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|4 October 2024
|[[Crime comedy|Comedy]] [[Thriller film|thriller]]
|122 minutes
|-
|''Alladipothunnadamma''
|24 October 2025
|[[Comedy drama]]
|26 minutes
|-
|''[[Chiranjeeva]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-02 |title=Raj Tarun’s Chiranjeeva gets release date |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2025/Oct/02/raj-taruns-chiranjeeva-gets-release-date |access-date=2025-10-14 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|7 November 2025
|[[Fantasy film|Fantasy]] [[comedy drama]]
|111 minutes
|-
! colspan="5" | Awaiting release
|}

== Exclusive distribution programming ==
These products, even though listed as Aha Originals, are programs that Aha has bought exclusive distribution rights to stream them.

=== Television shows ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Premiere
!Genre
! Seasons
!Language
!Status
|-
|[[No. 1 Yaari|''No. 1 Yaari with Rana'']]
|14 March 2021
|[[Talk show]]
|1 season, 10 episodes
| rowspan="3" |Telugu
|Ended
|-
|}

=== Films ===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%;"
|-
! Title
! Release date
!Genre
! Runtime
!Language
|-
| ''[[Run (2020 Indian film)|Run]]''<ref name="Shows" />
| 29 May 2020
|[[Psychological thriller]]
| 86 minutes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/run-review-navdeep-tries-to-save-this-lacklustre-psychological-thriller/article31701055.ece|title=Run: Navdeep tries to save this lacklustre psychological thriller|work=The Hindu|date=29 May 2020|last1=Dundoo|first1=Sangeetha Devi}}</ref>
| rowspan="15" |Telugu
|-
| ''[[Bhanumathi & Ramakrishna]]''<ref name="Shows" />
| 3 July 2020
|[[Romantic drama]]
| 92 minutes<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/bhanumathi-ramakrishna-review-director-srikanth-nagothis-film-starring-naveen-chandra-and-salony-luthra-is-a-charming-mature-romance/article31970713.ece#:~:text=At%20just%2092%20minutes%2C%20Bhanumathi,Srikanth%20Nagothi%20and%20Salony%20Luthra|title=Bhanumathi Ramakrishna: Charming mature romance|work=The Hindu|date=2 July 2020|last1=Dundoo|first1=Sangeetha Devi}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Krishna and His Leela]]''<ref name="films">{{Cite news |title=Krishna and His Leela Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos | eTimes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/krishna-and-his-leela/movieshow/72486892.cms |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>
| 4 July 2020
|[[Romantic comedy]]
| 125 minutes
|-
|''[[Johaar]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Balach|first1=Logesh|date=August 14, 2020|title=Johaar Movie Review: Teja Marni's anthology is a tale of hope and betrayal|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/johaar-movie-review-teja-marni-s-anthology-is-a-tale-of-hope-and-betrayal-1711116-2020-08-14|access-date=2020-09-12|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|14 August 2020
|[[Anthology film]]
|122 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|title=జోహార్|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/johaar-telugu-movie-review-and-rating/moviereview/77547053.cms|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Buchinaidu Kandriga (film)|Buchinaidu Kandriga]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mudunuri|first=Srilakshmi|date=2020-08-22|title=Buchinaidu Kandriga: Film Review - A Classic Love Story From the 90s|url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/entertainment/movies/telugu/buchinaidu-kandriga-film-review-a-classic-love-story-from-the-90s/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=BookMyShow|language=en-US}}</ref>
|21 August 2020
|[[Romantic drama|Period romantic drama]]
|122 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|title=బుచ్చినాయుడు కండ్రిగ|url=https://telugu.samayam.com/telugu-movies/movie-review/buchinaidu-kandriga-thurpu-veedhi-telugu-movie-review-rating/moviereview/77674550.cms|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Samayam Telugu|language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Amaram Akhilam Prema]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2020-09-18|title='Amaram Akhilam Prema' review: A familiar tale of love, bonding and egos|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/reviews/amaram-akhilam-prema-review-a-familiar-tale-of-love-bonding-and-egos/article32637305.ece|access-date=2020-09-22|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>''
|18 September 2020
|[[Romantic drama]]
|132 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-18|title=Amaram Akhilam Prema Telugu Movie Review|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/amaram-akhilam-prema-telugu-movie-review.html|access-date=2020-09-22|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Orey Bujjiga]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arikatla|first=Venkat|date=2020-09-10|title=Orey Bujjiga Strikes Direct To Digital Deal With Aha|url=https://www.greatandhra.com/movies/news/orey-bujjiga-strikes-direct-to-digital-deal-with-aha-107419|access-date=2020-09-12|website=greatandhra.com|language=en}}</ref>
|2 October 2020
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|164 minutes
|-
|''[[Colour Photo]]''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ravi|first=Murali|date=2020-09-05|title=Allu Aravind acquires Colour Photo for Aha|url=https://www.tollywood.net/allu-aravind-acquires-colour-photo-for-aha/|access-date=2020-09-12|website=Tollywood|language=en-US}}</ref>
|23 October 2020
|[[Romantic drama|Period romantic drama]]
|141 minutes<ref>{{Citation|title=Colour Photo Movie Review: A heartfelt fight between love and prejudice|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/colour-photo/movie-review/78834613.cms|access-date=2020-11-02}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Maa Vintha Gaadha Vinuma]]''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Maa Vintha Gadha Vinuma Teaser - Fun & Struggle in Love|url=https://www.iqlikmovies.com/news/article/2020/10/30/maa-vintha-gadha-vinuma-teaser/36288|access-date=2020-11-02|website=iQlikmovies|language=en}}</ref>
|13 November 2020
|[[Romantic comedy]]
|101 minutes
|-
|''[[Anaganaga O Athidhi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2020-10-29|title='Anaganaga O Athidhi' first look out|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/anaganaga-o-athidhi-first-look-out-653595|access-date=2020-11-02|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>''
|20 November 2020
|[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|93 minutes
|-
|[[Mail (film)|''Mail'']]
|12 January 2021
|[[Comedy film|Comedy]]
|116 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-13|title=Mail Telugu Movie Review|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/mail-movie-review.html|access-date=2021-01-20|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|[[Super Over (film)|''Super Over'']] ''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2021-01-17|title=Super Over to release on January 22|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/super-over-to-release-on-january-22-667162|access-date=2021-01-21|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>''
|22 January 2021
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|83 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-22|title=క్రికెట్‌ బెట్టింగ్‌ కష్టాలు|url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/super-over-releasing-on-aha-126010|access-date=2021-01-22|website=ntnews|language=te}}</ref>
|-
|''Y''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gupta|first=Kajal|title=Y Telugu Movie 2021 Released On Ott AHA, Check Review, Story, Plot, IMDB Rating|url=https://getindianews.com/y-telugu-movie-2021-relesed-on-ott-aha-check-review-story-plot-imdb-rating/|access-date=2021-04-18|website=getindianews.com|date=3 April 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>
|2 April 2021
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|91 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-03|title=OTT Review : Y – Telugu film on AHA|url=https://www.123telugu.com/reviews/y-telugu-movie-review.html|access-date=2021-04-18|website=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Thank You Brother]]''
|7 May 2021
|[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|94 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-26|title=Anasuya's Thank You Brother OTT Release Date Confirmed, Check Details|url=https://english.sakshi.com/news/entertainment/anasuyas-thank-you-brother-ott-release-date-confirmed-check-details-134202|access-date=2021-05-09|website=Sakshi Post|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Ardha Shathabdham]]''<ref>{{Citation|title=Ardhashathabdham Movie: Showtimes, Review, Trailer, Posters, News & Videos {{!}} eTimes|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-details/ardhashathabdham/movieshow/73656611.cms|access-date=2021-04-18}}</ref>
|11 June 2021
|[[Drama film|Social drama]]
|115 minutes
|-
|[[Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal (2022 film)|''Sila Nerangalil Sila Manidhargal'']]
|25 February 2022
|[[Hyperlink cinema|Hyperlink]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]]
|133 minutes
|Tamil
|-
|''[[Odela Railway Station]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nadadhur |first=Srivathsan |date=2022-08-23 |title=Odela Railway Station OTT release date: When and where to watch the thriller starring Vasishta Simha, Hebah Patel, Sai Ronak |url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/odela-railway-station-ott-release-date-when-and-where-to-watch-the-thriller-starring-vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-sai-ronak/00580962a0942 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[HT Media|OTTPlay]] |language=en}}</ref>''
|26 August 2022
|[[Crime thriller film|Crime thriller]]
|91 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ram |first=Avinash G. |date=2022-08-28 |title=ಕನ್ನಡದ ನಟ ವಸಿಷ್ಠ ಸಿಂಹ ಅಭಿನಯದ ತೆಲುಗು ಸಿನಿಮಾ 'ಓದೆಲಾ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ಸ್ಟೇಷನ್' ರಿಲೀಸ್‌ |url=https://vijaykarnataka.com/entertainment/news/vasishta-simha-hebah-patel-starrer-odela-railway-station-movie-released/articleshow/93831935.cms |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=[[Vijaya Karnataka]] |language=kn}}</ref>
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Maalai Nera Mallipoo]]''<ref name="H">{{Cite news |date=June 13, 2023 |title='Maalai Nera Malipoo' movie review: A slow-burn, yet stirring tale of a sex worker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maalai-nera-malipoo-movie-review-sanjay-narayanan-vinithra-menon/article66963996.ece |newspaper=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>
|9 June 2023
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|119 minutes<ref name="H" />
|Tamil
|-
|''[[The Great Indian Suicide]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/hebah-patels-the-great-indian-suicide-to-release-on-aha-on-october-6.html|title=Hebah Patel's The Great Indian Suicide to release on Aha on October 6 |work=123telugu|date=October 3, 2023}}</ref>
|6 October 2023
|[[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|150 minutes
|Telugu
|-
|''[[Ippadiku Kadhal]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ottplay.com/news/ippadiku-kadhal-trailer-bharath-torn-between-two-love-interests-in-this-romance-drama-watch-here/2a4edee410417|title=Ippadiku Kadhal trailer - Bharath torn between two love interests in this romance drama {{!}} Watch here|date= 6 February 2024|work=[[HT Media|OTTplay]]|access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref>
|9 February 2024
|[[Romantic drama film|Romantic drama]]
|103 minutes
|Tamil
|-
| ''[[Vidya Vasula Aham]]''
|17 May 2024
|[[Romantic drama film|Romantic drama]]
|103 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2024/May/18/vidya-vasula-aham-movie-review-a-harmless-marriage-dramedy|title='Vidya vasula aham' movie review: A harmless marriage dramedy|first=B. H.|last=Harsh|date=May 18, 2024|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
|-
|''[[Dear Nanna]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Bhavana |date=2024-06-12 |title=Dear Nanna all set for streaming on Aha on the occasion of Father's Day |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/ott/dear-nanna-all-set-for-streaming-on-aha-on-the-occasion-of-fathers-day-898614 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=www.deccanchronicle.com |language=en}}</ref>''
|14 June 2024
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|40 minutes
|-
|''[[Aham Reboot]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aham Reboot ott: ఓటీటీలో నేరుగా విడుదలవుతున్న సుమంత్‌ ‘అహం రీబూట్‌’ |url=https://www.eenadu.net/telugu-news/movies/sumanth-aham-reboot-direct-ott-release/0209/124120183 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=EENADU |language=te}}</ref>
|30 June 2024
|[[Techno-thriller|Techno thriller]]
|91 minutes
|-
|''[[EVOL (film)|EVOL]]''<ref>{{cite web |title=Telugu Movie Evol To Have Its OTT Debut On This Date |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-movie-evol-to-have-its-ott-debut-on-this-date-9015435.html |website=News18 |language=en |date=14 August 2024}}</ref>
| 15 August 2024
| [[Thriller film|Thriller]]
|122 minutes
|-
|''[[Lineman (2024 Tamil film)|Lineman]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-22 |title=Vijay Sethupathi Wishes The Team Of Lineman, Know When And Where To Watch It On OTT |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tamil/vijay-sethupathi-and-jiiva-wish-the-team-of-lineman-ahead-of-ott-premier-article-115549028 |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref>
|25 November 2024
|[[Drama film|Drama]]
|115 minutes
|Tamil
|-
|''[[Katha Kamamishu]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-12-31 |title=Hilarious Premiere Alert: Katha Kamamishu Set to Stream on Aha from January 2nd |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/ott-web-series/hilarious-premiere-alert-katha-kamamishu-set-to-stream-on-aha-from-january-2nd-933865 |access-date=2025-01-03 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|2 January 2025
|[[Comedy drama]]
|110 minutes
| rowspan="3" |Telugu
|-
|''[[Neeli Megha Shyama]]''
|9 January 2025
|[[Romantic drama film|Romantic drama]]
|114 minutes
|-
|''[[Coffee with a Killer]]''
|31 January 2025
|[[Comedy thriller]]
|101 minutes
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|www.aha.video}}

{{Video digital distribution platforms}}{{VOD services}}

[[Category:Indian entertainment websites]]
[[Category:Konidela–Allu family| ]]
[[Category:Subscription video on demand services]]
[[Category:Internet television streaming services]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2020]]
[[Category:OTT Platforms in India]]

Warangal Lok Sabha constituency

2026-01-08T00:32:09Z

LavernChitwood1: Created basic pg added tags

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Warangal {{Small| image = Warangal_LSC.png
|TG-15}}
|map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Andhra Pradesh/Warangal.map}}
| map_caption = Boundary of Warangal Constituency in Telangana
| established = 1952
| party = {{Party index link|Indian National Congress}}
| mp = [[Kadiyam Kavya]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| reservation = SC
| state = [[Telangana]]
| electors = 1,537,781<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140702210941/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/GE2014/PC_WISE_TURNOUT.htm Parliamentary Constituency wise Turnout for General Election - 2014"]</ref>
| assembly_cons = [[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur (Station)]] [[Palakurthi Assembly constituency|Palakurthi]] [[Parkal Assembly constituency|Parkal]] [[Warangal West Assembly constituency|Warangal West]] [[Warangal East Assembly constituency|Warangal East]] [[Waradhanapet Assembly constituency|Waradhanapet]] [[Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency|Bhupalpalle]]
}}
'''Warangal Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 17 [[Lok Sabha]] (Lower House of the Parliament) constituencies in [[Telangana]] state in southern [[India]]. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Dalit|Scheduled castes]]<ref name="ceo">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=30}}</ref>

[[Kadiyam Kavya]] of [[Indian National Congress]] is currently representing the constituency for the first time.

== Overview ==
Since its inception in 1952 the seat was won by many political parties with [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] winning 8 times out of 16 whereas other outfits like [[Telangana Praja Samithi]] and the [[Telugu Desam Party]] have won it during different general elections.

[[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] emerged victorious on three occasions including the 2015 Bye election where its candidate [[Pasunuri Dayakar]] registered the biggest victory margin compared to any leader in the history of the Telangana<ref>[http://www.firstpost.com/politics/trs-triumphs-in-warangal-bypolls-here-are-5-key-takeaways-from-elections-2519578.html TRS triumphs in Warangal bypolls: Here are 5 key takeaways from elections]</ref>

==Assembly segments==

Warangal Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:<ref name="ceo"/>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!No
!Name
!District
!Member
!colspan=2 |Party
!colspan=2 |Leading {{small|(in 2024)}}
|-
|99
|[[Ghanpur Station Assembly constituency|Ghanpur Station]] (SC)
| rowspan="2" |[[Jangaon district|Jangaon]]
|[[Kadiyam Srihari]]
|{{party name with color|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=4}}
|-
|100
|[[Palakurthi Assembly constituency|Palakurthi]]
|[[Mamidala Yashaswini Reddy]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=6}}
|-
|104
|[[Parkal Assembly constituency|Parkal]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Hanmakonda District(U)|Hanmakonda]]
|[[Revuri Prakash Reddy]]
|-
|105
|[[Warangal West Assembly constituency|Warangal West]]
|[[Naini Rajender Reddy]]
|-
|106
|[[Warangal East Assembly constituency|Warangal East]]
|[[Konda Surekha]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
|107
|[[Waradhanapet Assembly constituency|Waradhanapet]] (SC)
|[[Warangal District(R)|Warangal]]
|[[K. R. Nagaraj|K. R. Naga Raju]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|108
|[[Bhupalpalle Assembly constituency|Bhupalpalle]]
|[[Jayashankar Bhupalpally district|Jayashankar Bhupalpally]]
|[[Gandra Satyanarayana Rao]]
|-
|}

==Members of Parliament==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Member
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan=4| [[Hyderabad State]]
|-
| [[1952 Indian general election|1952]]|| [[Pendyal Raghava Rao]]
|style="background-color: {{party color| Communist Party of India}}" |
| [[People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad)]]
|-
! colspan=4| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
|-
| [[1957 Indian general election|1957]]|| [[Sadath Ali Khan]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]|| [[Bakar Ali Mirza]]
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]|| [[Surendra Reddy]]
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]|| S. B. Giri
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Praja Samithi}}
|-
| [[1977 Indian general election|1977]]|| G. Mallikarjuna Rao
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1980 Indian general election|1980]]|| [[Kamaluddin Ahmed (politician)|Kamaluddin Ahmed]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)}}
|-
| [[1984 Indian general election|1984]]|| [[T. Kalpana Devi]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[1989 Indian general election|1989]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Surendra Reddy]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|-
| [[1996 Indian general election|1996]]|| rowspan="2" | [[Azmeera Chandulal]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
| [[1999 Indian general election|1999]]|| Bodakunti Venkateshwarlu
|-
| [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]|| [[Dharavath Ravinder Naik]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}
|-
| 2008^ || [[Yerrabelli Dayakararao|Errabelli Dayakararao]]
|{{Full party name with color|Telugu Desam Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Indian general election|2009]]|| [[Siricilla Rajaiah]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan=4| [[Telangana]]
|-
| [[2014 Indian general election|2014]]|| [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
| {{Full party name with color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi|rowspan=3}}
|-
| 2015^ || rowspan="2" | [[Pasunuri Dayakar]]
|-
| [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Kadiyam Kavya]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|}

^By-Poll

==Election results==

=== General election, 2024 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general elections]]: [[Warangal]]<ref name="Lok Sabha 2024 Election Results: Warangal">{{cite news |title=Lok Sabha 2024 Election results: Warangal |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2915.htm |accessdate=3 February 2025 |work= |date=4 June 2024 |ref=Election Commission of India |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250203100001/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S2915.htm |archivedate=3 February 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}

{{Election box winning candidate with party link|party=Indian National Congress|candidate=[[Kadiyam Kavya]]|votes=581,294|percentage=45.85|change={{increase}}21.15}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Aroori Ramesh|votes=360,955|percentage=28.47|change={{increase}}20.58}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Bharat Rashtra Samithi|candidate=M. Sudheer Kumar|votes=232,033|percentage=18.30|change={{decrease}}39.39}}

{{Election box candidate with party link|party=None of the above|candidate=[[None of the Above]]|votes=8,380|percentage=0.66|change={{decrease}}1.11}}{{Election box majority|votes=220,339|percentage=17.38|change={{down}}17.61}}{{Election box turnout|votes=1,267,946|percentage=68.86|change={{increase}}5.16}}{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
| loser = Bharat Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}{{Election box end}}

Detailed Results at:
https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/ConstituencywiseS2915.htm

=== General election, 2019 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: [[Warangal]]<ref>[http://www.elections.in/results/warangal-ap.html WARANGAL LOK SABHA (ELECTIONS RESULT 2019]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[Pasunoori Dayakar]]
|votes = 6,12,498
|percentage = 57.69
|change = -1.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Dommati Sambaiah
|votes = 2,62,200
|percentage = 24.70
|change = +9.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Chintha Sambamurthy
|votes = 83,777
|percentage = 7.89
|change = -4.68
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = ANP
|candidate = Bunga Jyothi Ramana
|votes = 29,183
|percentage = 2.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|votes = 18,801
|percentage = 1.77
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,50,298
| percentage = 32.99
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,61,672
| percentage = 63.70
| change = 2.59
}}

{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===By-election, 2015===
{{Election box begin | title= Bye-election, 2015: Warangal <ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/trs-leads-in-warangal-byelection/article7911781.ece WARANGAL LOK SABHA (By) ELECTIONS RESULT 2015]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[Pasunoori Dayakar]]
|votes = 6,15,403
|percentage = 59.50
|change = +3.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Sarvey Sathyanarayana]]
|votes = 1,56,315
|percentage = 15.11
|change = -7.80
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Pagidipati Devaiah
|votes = 1,29,868
|percentage = 12.57
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate|
|party = [[Shramajeevi Party|SJP]]
|candidate = Jajula Bhaskar
|votes = 28,371
|percentage = 2.67

|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = YSR Congress Party
|candidate = Nalla Suryaprakash
|votes = 23,352
|percentage = 2.26
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority
| votes = 4,59,088
| percentage = 44.39
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,34,840
| percentage = 68.50
| change =
}}

{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Warangal]]<ref>[http://www.elections.in/telangana/parliamentary-constituencies/warangal.html WARANGAL LOK SABHA (GENERAL) ELECTIONS RESULT]</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[Kadiyam Srihari]]
|votes = 6,61,639
|percentage = 56.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Rajaiah Siricilla]]
|votes = 2,69,065
|percentage = 22.91
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Parameshwar Ramagalla
|votes = 1,87,139
|percentage = 15.93
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above]]
|votes = 14,034
|percentage =1.19
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 3,92,574
| percentage = 33.42
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 11,76,653
| percentage = 76.52
| change = +7.30
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Warangal]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Siricilla Rajaiah]]
|votes = 3,96,568
|percentage = 38.48

|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = Ramagalla Parameshwar
|votes = 2,71,907
|percentage = 26.39
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Dommati Sambaiah
|votes = 1,35,697
|percentage = 13.17
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Praja Rajyam Party
|candidate = Dr Chandragiri Rajamouly
|votes = 1,08,390
|percentage = 10.51
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 1,24,661
| percentage = 12.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 10,30,525
| percentage = 69.32
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 2004===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2004 Indian general elections|General Election, 2004]]: Warangal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|candidate = [[Dharavath Ravinder Naik]]
|votes = 427,601
|percentage = 46.38
|change = +46.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Bodakunti Venkateshwarlu
|votes = 408,339
|percentage = 44.29
|change = -2.06
}}
{{Election box candidate |
|party = PPoI
|candidate = Ravullapelli Kondal Rao
|votes = 19,080
|percentage = 2.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 19,262
|percentage = 2.09
|change = +18.44
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 921,872
|percentage = 75.90
|change = +0.36
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Telangana Rashtra Samithi
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
|swing = +46.38
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 1999===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1999 Indian general election|General Election, 1999]]: Warangal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = Bodakunti Venkateshwarlu
|votes =3,85,593
|percentage = 45.1
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = T. Kalpanadevi
|votes = 3,72,227
|percentage = 43.5

|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Gollapelly Nagaiah
|votes = 30,622
|percentage = 3.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 13,366
| percentage = 1.6
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 8,55,702
| percentage = 75.5
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 1998===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Indian general election|General Election, 1998]]: Warangal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Azmeera Chandulal]]
|votes =3,23,093
|percentage = 40.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = T. Kalpana Devi
|votes = 2,98,292
|percentage = 37.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = C.Janga Reddy
|votes = 1,08,942
|percentage = 13.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 24,801
| percentage = 3.1
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,93,614
| percentage =70.4
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 1996===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1996 Indian general election|General Election, 1996]]: Warangal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = [[Azmeera Chandulal]]
|votes =2,92,887
|percentage = 38.7
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Surander Reddy Rama
|votes = 2,75,447
|percentage = 36.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = NTR Telugu Desam Party (Lakshmi Parvathi)
|candidate = M.A. Rawoof
|votes = 68,257
|percentage = 9.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 17,440
| percentage = 2.3
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 7,56,120
| percentage =67.6
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
| winner = Telugu Desam Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===General election, 1991===
{{Election box begin | title=[[1991 Indian general election|General Election, 1991]]: Warangal}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Surendra Reddy Rama Sahayam
|votes = 2,58,733
|percentage = 43.5
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Telugu Desam Party
|candidate = N.Yethiraja Rao
|votes =2,06,860
|percentage = 34.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Kola Janardhan
|votes = 32,340
|percentage = 5.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes =51,873
| percentage = 8.7
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 5,94,774
| percentage =62.9
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Indian National Congress
|loser = Telugu Desam Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Trivia==
* [[Pasunuri Dayakar]] of [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi]] won with record margin of nearly 4.60 lakh votes in bypolls making it highest majority in the history of Telangana Lok Sabha elections.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/telangana-ruling-trs-heads-for-spectacular-win-in-warangal/story-XQz6OFDlSLkN0IbjhL98sO.html | title=P Dayakar of TRS wins Warangal LS seat with a record margin | date=25 November 2015 | agency=PTI | newspaper=Hindustan Times | access-date=21 February 2020 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Warangal district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://www.indiaelections2014.info/parliament/2019/states/telangana/warangal/lok_sabha_parliamentary_election_2019_dates.html Warangal lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Telangana}}
{{Jayashankar Bhupalpally district}}
{{coord|18.0|79.6|display=title}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Warangal Lok Sabha constituency}}
[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Telangana]]
[[Category:Hanamkonda district]]

2017 Gujarat Lions season

2025-12-18T13:07:12Z

LavernChitwood1: added the details initial version

{{Short description|Indian Premier League cricket team season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox cricket club season
| club = Gujarat Lions
| image =
| alt =
| season = [[2017 Indian Premier League]]
| captain = [[Suresh Raina]]
| coach = [[Brad Hodge]]
| comp1 = [[2017 Indian Premier League|IPL]]
| comp1 result = Group Stage (7th)
| prevseason = [[Gujarat Lions in 2016|2016]]
}}

[[Gujarat Lions]] were a franchise [[cricket]] team based in [[Rajkot]], [[Gujarat]], India, which played in the [[Indian Premier League]] (IPL) in 2016 and 2017. They were one of eight teams which competed in the [[2017 Indian Premier League]]. The team was captained by [[Suresh Raina]] and coached by [[Brad Hodge]]. The side finished seventh in the league and did not qualify for the playoffs.

==Standings==
{{2017 Indian Premier League Points table|team=GL}}

=== Match summary ===
{{main|2017 Indian Premier League#Match summary}}

==Auction==
The player auction for the 2017 season was held 20 February in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news|title=IPL 2017 auction to be held on February 20|url=http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/92023/ipl-2017-auction-to-be-held-on-february-20|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=3 February 2017}}</ref>

==Squad==
* Players with international caps are listed in '''bold'''.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:85%;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;"| No.
! style="text-align:center;"| Name
! style="text-align:center;"| Nationality
! style="text-align:center;"| Birth date
! style="text-align:center;"| Batting style
! style="text-align:center;"| Bowling style
! style="text-align:center;"| Year signed
! style="text-align:center;"| Salary
! style="text-align:center;"| Notes
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Batsmen
|-
| 3|| '''[[Suresh Raina]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|11|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|12.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || [[Captain (cricket)|Captain]]
|-
| 10|| [[Akshdeep Nath]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|5|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 16|| '''[[Aaron Finch]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|11|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 20|| '''[[Jason Roy]]''' || {{cr|ENG}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|7|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|1|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 42|| '''[[Brendon McCullum]]''' || {{cr|NZ}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1981|09|27|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|7.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} || Overseas, Vice Captain
|-
| || [[Jaydev Shah]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1983|5|4|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| || [[Chirag Suri]] || {{cr|UAE}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1995|2|18|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
| || [[Pratham Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1992|8|21|df=y}} || Left-handed || Right-arm [[off break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| All-rounders
|-
| 8|| '''[[Ravindra Jadeja]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|12|6|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|9.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical}} ||
|-
| 14|| [[Shubham Agarwal]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|9|21|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 44|| '''[[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|4|29|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|5.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 47|| '''[[Dwayne Bravo]]''' || {{cr|TRI}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1983|10|7|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|4|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 50|| '''[[Dwayne Smith]]''' || {{cr|BAR}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1983|4|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|2.3|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} || Overseas
|-
| 56|| '''[[Irfan Pathan]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|10|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|Replacement signing ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Wicket-keepers
|-
| 19|| '''[[Dinesh Karthik]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1985|6|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|2.3|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
| 23|| [[Ishan Kishan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1998|7|18|df=y}} || Left-handed || || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|35|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
! colspan="9" style="background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center;"| Bowlers
|-
| 1|| [[Tejas Baroka]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1996|2|1|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] [[googly]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 5|| [[Ankit Soni]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|8|2|df=y}}|| Right-handed || Right-arm [[leg break]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"| Replacement signing ||
|-
| 7|| [[Nathu Singh (cricketer)|Nathu Singh]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1995|9|8|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 9|| '''[[Manpreet Gony]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1984|1|4|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|60|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 13|| '''[[Munaf Patel]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1983|7|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|30|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 17|| '''[[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|10|2|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|3.5|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
| 18|| [[Pradeep Sangwan]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1990|11|5|df=y}} || Right-handed || Left-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 27|| [[Shadab Jakati]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1980|11|27|df=y}} || Left-handed || [[Slow left-arm orthodox]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|20|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 30|| [[Basil Thampi]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|9|11|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|85|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
| 36|| [[Shivil Kaushik]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1995|7|9|df=y}} || Right-handed || [[Left-arm unorthodox spin|Slow left-arm wrist-spin]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
| 68|| '''[[Andrew Tye]]''' || {{cr|AUS}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1986|12|12|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|fast-medium]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|50|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} || Overseas
|-
| 91|| '''[[Dhawal Kulkarni]]''' || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1988|12|10|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2016 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|2|c|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-4}} ||
|-
| || [[Shelley Shaurya]] || {{cr|IND}} || {{birth date and age2|2017|04|05|1993|9|17|df=y}} || Right-handed || Right-arm [[Fast bowling|medium-fast]] || style="text-align:center;"| 2017 || style="text-align:right;"|{{INRConvert|10|l|year=2017|mode=historical|round=-3}} ||
|-
|}

== Fixtures ==
{{hatnote|All times are in [[Indian Standard Time]] ([[UTC+05:30]])}}

{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match3}} 7 April |local time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 183/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 184/0 (14.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 68[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets1 = [[Kuldeep Yadav]] 2/25 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Chris Lynn]] 93[[not out|*]] (41)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 0/13 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Kolkata Knight Riders won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Lynn]] (Kolkata Knight Riders)
| umpires = [[Nitin Menon]] (India) and [[C. K. Nandan]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082593.html Scorecard]
| result = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 10 wickets
| notes = This was the highest total successfully chased without losing a wicket in a T20 match.<ref name="chase">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1090860.html |title=Gambhir, Lynn blaze away in record chase |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=7 April 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match6}} 9 April |local time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 135/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 140/1 (15.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 37 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] 3/19 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 76[[not out|*]] (45)
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 1/16 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium]], [[Hyderabad]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rashid Khan (cricketer)|Rashid Khan]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Abhijit Deshmukh (umpire)|Abhijit Deshmukh]] (India) and [[Nigel Llong]] (England)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082596.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 9 wickets
| notes = [[Tejas Baroka]] (Gujarat Lions) made his T20 debut.
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match13}} 14 April |local time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = W
| score1 = 171/8 (20 overs)
| score2 = 172/3 (18 overs)
| runs1 = [[Steve Smith (cricketer)|Steve Smith]] 43 (28)
| wickets1 = [[Andrew Tye]] 5/17 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 49 (32)
| wickets2 = [[Shardul Thakur]] 1/14 (3 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andrew Tye]] (Gujarat Lions)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082603.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Lions won by 7 wickets
| notes = [[Andrew Tye]] (Gujarat Lions) took a [[Hat-trick (cricket)|hat-trick]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1092187.html |title=Debutant Tye's five-for fashions Lions' first win |first=Alagappan |last=Muthu |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=15 April 2017 |access-date=15 April 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match16}} 16 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 176/4 (20 overs)
| score2 = 177/4 (19.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 64 (44)
| wickets1 = [[Mitchell McClenaghan]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Nitish Rana]] 53 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Andrew Tye]] 2/34 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Wankhede Stadium]], [[Mumbai]]
| toss = Mumbai Indians won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Nitish Rana]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (India) and [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082606.html Scorecard]
| result = Mumbai Indians won by 6 wickets
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match20}} 18 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 213/2 (20 overs)
| score2 = 192/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chris Gayle]] 77 (38)
| wickets1 = [[Basil Thampi]] 1/31 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 72 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Yuzvendra Chahal]] 3/31 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Chris Gayle]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore)
| umpires = [[Sundaram Ravi]] (India) and [[Virender Sharma]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082610.html Scorecard]
| result = Royal Challengers Bangalore won by 21 runs
| notes = [[Chris Gayle]] (Royal Challengers Bangalore) became the first player to score 10,000 runs in T20s.<ref name="Gayle">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1093167.html |title=A giant in the T20 format |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 April 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match26}} 23 April | time = 16:00 | team1 = [[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 188/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 162/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hashim Amla]] 65 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Andrew Tye]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dinesh Karthik]] 58[[not out|*]] (43)
| wickets2 = [[KC Cariappa (cricketer)|KC Cariappa]] 2/24 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Hashim Amla]] (Kings XI Punjab)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Marais Erasmus]] (South Africa)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082616.html Scorecard]
| result = Kings XI Punjab won by 26 runs
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match31}} 27 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Royal Challengers Bangalore]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | daynight = yes
| bg = W
| score1 = 134 (20 overs)
| score2 = 135/3 (13.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Pawan Negi]] 32 (19)
| wickets1 = [[Andrew Tye]] 3/12 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Aaron Finch]] 72 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Samuel Badree]] 2/29 (3 overs)
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bangalore]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Andrew Tye]] (Gujarat Lions)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082621.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Lions won by 7 wickets
| notes = [[Ankit Soni]] (Gujarat Lions) made his T20 debut.
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match35}} 29 April | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Mumbai Indians]] | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 153/9
| score2 = 153
| runs1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 48 (35)
| wickets1 = [[Krunal Pandya]] 3/14 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Parthiv Patel]] 70 (44)
| wickets2 = [[Basil Thampi]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Rajkot]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to bat
| motm = [[Krunal Pandya]] (Mumbai Indians)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Chris Gaffaney]] (New Zealand)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082625.html Scorecard]
| result = Match tied (Mumbai Indians won the Super Over)
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match39}} 1 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Rising Pune Supergiant]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 161 (19.5 overs)
| score2 = 167/5 (19.5 overs)
| runs1 = [[Brendon McCullum]] 45 (27)
| wickets1 = [[Imran Tahir]] 3/27 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ben Stokes]] 103[[not out|*]] (63)
| wickets2 = [[Basil Thampi]] 2/35 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Pune]]
| toss = Rising Pune Supergiant won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Ben Stokes]] (Rising Pune Supergiant)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (South Africa) and [[Chettithody Shamshuddin]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082629.html Scorecard]
| result = Rising Pune Supergiant won by 5 wickets
| notes = [[Ben Stokes]] (Rising Pune Supergiant) scored his first century in a T20.<ref name="Stokes">{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1095538.html |title=Stokes century scripts stunning Pune win |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=1 May 2017}}</ref>
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match42}} 4 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]]{{sp}}(H) | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 208/7 (20 overs)
| score2 = 214/3 (17.3 overs)
| runs1 = [[Suresh Raina]] 77 (43)
| wickets1 = [[Kagiso Rabada]] 2/28 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rishabh Pant]] 97 (43)
| wickets2 = [[Ravindra Jadeja]] 1/28 (2 overs)
| venue = [[Feroz Shah Kotla Ground|Feroz Shah Kotla]], [[Delhi]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Rishabh Pant]] (Delhi Daredevils)
| umpires = [[Marais Erasmus]] (South Africa) and [[Nitin Menon]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082632.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 7 wickets
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match47}} 7 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Kings XI Punjab]] | team2 = [[Gujarat Lions]] | daynight = yes
| bg = W
| score1 = 189/3 (20 overs)
| score2 = 192/4 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Hashim Amla]] 104 (60)
| wickets1 = [[Dhawal Kulkarni]] 1/24 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Dwayne Smith]] 74 (39)
| wickets2 = [[Sandeep Sharma]] 2/29 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Punjab Cricket Association IS Bindra Stadium]], [[Mohali]]
| toss = Gujarat Lions won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Dwayne Smith]] (Gujarat Lions)
| umpires = [[Nand Kishore (cricketer, born 1970)|Nand Kishore]] (India) and [[Virender Sharma]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082637.html Scorecard]
| result = Gujarat Lions won by 6 wickets
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | stack = y | date = {{anchor|match50}} 10 May | time = 20:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Delhi Daredevils]] | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 195/5 (20 overs)
| score2 = 197/8 (19.4 overs)
| runs1 = [[Aaron Finch]] 69 (39)
| wickets1 = [[Amit Mishra]] 1/27 (2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shreyas Iyer]] 96 (57)
| wickets2 = [[James Faulkner (cricketer)|James Faulkner]] 2/39 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Green Park Stadium]], [[Kanpur]]
| toss = Delhi Daredevils won the toss and elected to field.
| motm =[[Shreyas Iyer]] (Delhi Daredevils)
| umpires = [[Yeshwant Barde]] (India) and [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082640.html Scorecard]
| result = Delhi Daredevils won by 2 wickets
}}
{{Single-innings cricket match collapsible | date = {{anchor|match53}} 13 May | time = 16:00 | team1 = (H){{sp}}[[Gujarat Lions]] | team2 = [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] | daynight = yes
| bg = L
| score1 = 154 (19.2 overs)
| score2 = 158/2 (18.1 overs)
| runs1 = [[Ishan Kishan]] 61 (40)
| wickets1 = [[Mohammed Siraj]] 4/32 (4 overs)
| runs2 = [[David Warner (cricketer)|David Warner]] 69 (52)*
| wickets2 = [[Praveen Kumar (cricketer)|Praveen Kumar]] 2/22 (4 overs)
| venue = [[Green Park Stadium]], [[Kanpur]]
| toss = Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Mohammed Siraj]] (Sunrisers Hyderabad)
| umpires = [[Anil Chaudhary (umpire)|Anil Chaudhary]] (India) and [[Nitin Menon]] (India)
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1082643.html Scorecard]
| result = Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wickets
}}

==Support staff changes==
* In February 2017, [[Mohammad Kaif]] was named assistant coach of [[Gujarat Lions]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohammad Kaif appointed assistant coach of Gujarat Lions|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2017/content/story/1082905.html|access-date=17 February 2017|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.thegujaratlions.com/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901201832/https://www.thegujaratlions.com/ |date=1 September 2017 }}
*[http://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-team/gujarat-lions/345 Gujarat Lions] at [[CricBuzz]]

[[Category:Gujarat Lions seasons]]
[[Category:Cricket clubs established in 2017]]
[[Category:Cricket in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2017 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:2017 Indian Premier League]]

Annie (Malayalam actress)

2025-12-14T10:10:29Z

LavernChitwood1: added initial post and citations

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Annie
| image =
| birthname = Annie Jobbie
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1975|07|21}}<ref name="mangalam1">[http://www.mangalam.com/life-style/success/12537 ദി കിംഗ്‌ മേക്കര്‍]. mangalam.com (1 December 2012). Retrieved 28 December 2013.</ref>
| birth_place = [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]], [[Kottayam district|Kottayam]], Kerala
| othername = Chitra Shaji Kailas
| occupation = {{hlist|Actress|[[Television presenter]]}}
| yearsactive = 1993–1996 (Films) 2015–present (TV)
| spouse = {{Marriage|[[Shaji Kailas]]|1996}}
| children = 3
}}

'''Chitra Shaji Kailas''' (born '''Annie Jobbie'''; 21 July 1975), better known by her birth name '''Annie''', is an Indian television host and former actress from [[Kerala]], who appears in [[Malayalam]] television and films. Her film career spanned three years from 1993 to 1996 with a total of 16 films in [[Malayalam cinema]], she retired from acting post-marriage and returned as a television host in 2015.

She debuted as an actress in 1993 in the film ''[[Ammayane Sathyam]]'' directed by [[Balachandra Menon]]. She won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam]] for her role in ''[[Mazhayethum Munpe]]'' (1995).<ref name="filmfare1996">{{cite web |url=http://www.filmfare.com/site/nov96/faward.htm |title=Filmfare Awards |work=filmfare.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19991010171143/http://www.filmfare.com/site/nov96/faward.htm |archivedate=10 October 1999 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Her other most noted films include ''[[Parvathy Parinayam]]'' (1995) directed by [[P. G. Viswambharan]], ''[[Rudraksham]]'' (1994), ''[[Tom & Jerry (1996 film)|Tom & Jerry]]'' (1995), ''[[Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan]]'' (1995), and ''[[Swapna Lokathe Balabhaskaran]]'' (1996).

==Early life==
Annie hails from [[Pala, Kerala|Pala]] and was raised in [[Thiruvalla]]. She was born to Jobbie and Mariamma in 1975. She has three older sisters, Lissy, Mary, and Tessy. Her mother died when she was in eighth grade.<ref>{{cite web |title=അടുക്കള തന്നെ അരങ്ങ്‌ |url=http://www.mangalam.com/mangalam-varika/380565 |publisher=mangalamvarika.com |access-date=24 November 2015}}</ref>

Though she was from Pala, her family was settled at [[Thiruvananthapuram]] due to her father's job. She did her schooling at the Holy Angel's Convent School in Thiruvananthapuram and then joined [[All Saints College, Thiruvananthapuram|All Saints College]] for higher studies. It was during this time that she began acting in movies.

Annie is married to [[Shaji Kailas]]. She converted to [[Hinduism]] three months after her marriage and changed her name to Chitra. The couple has three sons: Jagan, Sharon, and Rushin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mrs Shaji Kailas speaks |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/apr/08/mrs-shaji-kailas-speaks-356654.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 July 2020 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=16 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020100826/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2012/apr/08/mrs-shaji-kailas-speaks-356654.html |archive-date=20 October 2017}}</ref>

==Filmography==
===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Ammayane Sathyam]]'' || Parvathi / Thomas / Ramkumar Chengammanad ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Rudraksham]]'' || Gouri ||
|-
| rowspan=10 | 1995 || ''[[Aksharam]]'' || Meenakshi ||
|-
|| ''[[Mazhayethum Munpe]]'' || Shruthi ||
|-
|| ''[[Alancheri Thamprakkal]]'' || Meera/Lekha Varma ||
|-
|| ''[[Parvathy Parinayam]]'' || Parvathi ||
|-
|| ''[[Mazhavilkoodaram]]'' || Binu ||
|-
|| ''[[Kalyanji Anandji (film)|Kalyanji Anandji]]'' || Nirmala, Shivagami ||
|-
|| ''[[Tom & Jerry (1996 film)|Tom & Jerry]]'' || Meenakshi ||
|-
|| ''[[Indian Military Intelligence]]'' || || Song appearance
|-
|| ''[[Puthukkottayile Puthumanavalan]]'' || Geethu ||
|-
|| ''[[Sakshyam]]'' || Daisey ||
|-
| rowspan=4 | 1996 || ''Kireedamillatha Rajakkanmar'' || Nancy & Bincy ||
|-
|| ''Mookkilla Rajyathu Murimookkan Rajavu'' || Chandini Varma ||
|-
|| ''Mr. Clean'' || Nandini Thampi ||
|-
|| ''[[Swapna Lokathe Balabhaskaran]]'' || Chandrika ||
|-
| 2023 || ''[[Alone (2023 film)|Alone]]'' || Dr. Susan || Voice only<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alone Movie Review: A daring experiment that becomes a tiring experience |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/review/2023/jan/26/alone-movie-review-a-daring-experiment-that-becomes-a-tiring-experience-39301.html |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=26 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Program
! Role
! Channel
! Notes
|-
|1993||''Chitrageetham''|| rowspan="3" |Host||[[Doordarshan]]||
|-
| 2010 || ''Uthradapachakam'' || [[Kairali TV]] ||
|-
| 2015–2020 || ''Annie's Kitchen'' || [[Amrita TV]] ||
|-
| 2017 || ''Comedy Stars'' || Judge || [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]] ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2018||''Annieyude Ruchikootukal'' || rowspan="2" | Host || rowspan="2" | [[Amrita TV]] ||
|-
| ''Tasty days in Dubai with Annie'' ||
|-
|''Super Jodi''||Judge||[[Surya TV]]||Replaced [[Shwetha Menon]]
|-
|2019||''Sakalakalavallabhan''||Judge||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
| 2020 || ''Red Carpet'' || Mentor|| rowspan="3" | [[Amrita TV]] ||
|-
|2022||''Jananayakan''||Herself||special show
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023||''Super Ammayum Makalum''|| rowspan="2" |Judge||
|-
|''Cook with comedy''||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||
|-
|2024–present||''Annie's Kitchen'' || Host || [[Amrita TV]] ||
|-
|2024||''Amrita Cake Carnival ''||Judge||[[Amrita TV]]||Christmas special show
|}

==Awards==
*1996 - [[Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam]] for ''[[Mazhayethum Munpe]]''<ref name="filmfare1996"/>
*2016 - Vayalar Awards - Best Television Host{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

==Controversies==
''Annie's Kitchen'' a cookery cum chat show hosted by Annie in [[Amrita TV]] have invited lot of [[criticism]] over sexist remarks, endorsing [[patriarchy]], [[Stereotype|stereotyping]], [[conservatism]] and [[body shaming]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2020 |title=2 tsp patriarchy, 1 litre stereotyping: Why 'Annie's Kitchen' needs to be called out |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/2-tsp-patriarchy-1-litre-stereotyping-why-annies-kitchen-needs-be-called-out-115919 |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=I feel sisterhood isn't about pitting women against each other: Annie |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/i-feel-sisterhood-isnt-about-pitting-women-against-each-other-annie/articleshow/76098222.cms |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=The Times of India |date=29 May 2020 |language=en}}</ref> She was subjected to a lot of [[Internet troll|social media trolls]] in 2020, following one such talks with [[Nimisha Sajayan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title='Will apply make-up if needed,' Nimisha Sajayan replies to naysayers |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2020/06/12/nimisha-sajayan-on-make-up-tv-show-debate-replies-to-naysayers.html |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=OnManorama}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|1503859}}

{{FilmfareMalayalamBestActress}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Annie}}
[[Category:People from Pala, Kerala]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian former Christians]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:1975 births]]
[[Category:Converts to Hinduism from Catholicism]]

Muthialpet

2025-11-25T10:50:31Z

LavernChitwood1: Made new info

{{Short description|Town in Puducherry, India}}
{{for|the neighborhood in Chennai sometimes known as Muthialpet|George Town, Chennai}}
{{Lead too short|date=April 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Muthialpet
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Pondicherry
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Puducherry, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.955071|N|79.834492|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pondicherry district|Pondicherry]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 0
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| demographics1_title2 = Additional
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 605 003
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code = 0413
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Muthialpet''' is an [[Muthialpet Assembly constituency|Assembly constituency]] in the [[union territory]] of [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] in [[India]].

==Important Places/Monuments==
* '''MR Beach SolaiNagar'''
* '''Clock Tower''' [[File:MuthialpetClockTower.jpg|thumb|Muthialpet Clock Tower]]
* '''Market''' A 100-year-old market complex in Muthialpet<ref>{{cite news|title=The Hindu News Item on renovation|url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/01/stories/2007020105490300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107032719/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/01/stories/2007020105490300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 November 2012 | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]| date=1 February 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The century-old market at Muthialpet is in dire need of repairs|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/17/stories/2008051750870300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520224811/http://www.hindu.com/2008/05/17/stories/2008051750870300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 May 2008 | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=17 May 2008}}</ref>
* '''Ashram Play-ground''' A common playground for the members of the [[Aurobindo Ashram]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Long Since by Amrita Da|url=http://www.motherandsriaurobindo.org/Content.aspx?ContentURL=/_StaticContent/SriAurobindoAshram/-09%20E-Library/-03%20Disciples/Amrita/-01_Old%20Long%20Since/-02_Old%20Long%20Since%20Page%20-%208%20to24_.htm}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==Important Events==
===Masi Maham Festival===
Masi Makam or Masi Magam is an important festival in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] speaking world. The festival falls in the [[Tamil calendar|Tamil]] month of Masi (mid-February to mid-March). Maham or Makam is one among the twenty-seven stars in the astrological system. The makam star in the Masi month usually falls on the full moon day and is considered highly auspicious in many temples across [[South India|southern India]], especially in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Puducherry (union territory)|Puducherry]] and [[Kerala]]. One of the important rituals on this day is the taking of idols to the seashore or ponds. Therefore, the festival is also referred to as a holy bath ceremony. Long processions from different temples arrive at the shore with idols of [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]]. Idols from [[Shaktism|Shakti]] temples are also brought to the shore. [[Puja (Hinduism)|Puja]]s and other rituals are held and thousands of devotees throng the shore to offer prayer.<ref>{{cite web|title=Significance of Maasi Magam|url=https://dailyhinduism.blogspot.com/2008/02/february-21st-2008-maasi-magam.html}}</ref> It is celebrated in Muthialpet, on the shore at the fishing hamlet of Vaithikuppam.

===Sedal Festival of Senkazhuneer Amman Temple===
The famous sedal is understood to mean self-imposed physical torture undertaken by devotees who pierce small silver hooks and spears in their body or tongues in fulfillment of some vow. It is said that as many as 100 needles are pierced over their bodies. They then go in a procession after a bath clad in turmeric strained clothes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sedal Festival|url=http://www.south-india-holiday.com/pondicherry/pondicherry-festivals.html|access-date=9 March 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203064707/http://www.south-india-holiday.com/pondicherry/pondicherry-festivals.html|archive-date=3 February 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Soorasamhaaram of Sri Sundara Vinayakar Subramanya Swamy Siddhivinayaka Temple ===
Muthialpet murugan temple

For, the people of Muthialpet, living around the Sri Sundara Vinayakar Subramanya Swamy Siddhivinayaka Temple, reserve the celebrations for the final day of the annual Skanda Sashti. This festival has been celebrated since 1861. They wear new clothes and burst crackers at the time of the Soorasamharam when Lord Muruga waged a battle with Soorapadman. The Skanda Sashti festival celebrated annually for more than a century, is unique to Muthialpet. Those living around the Murugan Temple, especially the [[Sengunthar]] Mudaliars consider it more important than Deepavali. According to [[mythology]], Skanda Sashti is a six-day battle between the evil demon – Soorapadman and Lord [[Muruga]], who finally kills the asura with the Vel (lance). The story of the Lord defeating Soorapadman and his cronies – Singa Mugan and Yaanai Mugan – is enacted through traditional theatre form by groups of men in Muthialpet.
The rituals will usually begin by 9.30 p.m. Rockets zoomed from one end of the rope to another to depict the powerful arrows of Lord Muruga. Soorapadman used to torment the devas. Lord Muruga came to their rescue. He threw his vel at the demon, which tore him into two halves – one became a peacock, which is the Lord's vahana (vehicle), and the other a cock that was placed on His flag. It is a time when divine intervention brings good to the people. The killing of the asura reminds us to stick to the path of righteousness. Though it seems just like any other play with men dressed up like asuras and devas, there is an element of divinity in the performance. People fast during the six days and those taking part in the play are more austere. That day whoever visits Muthialpet is welcomed into homes and offered something to eat.<ref>{{cite news|title=Soora Samhaaram Festival|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/12/stories/2005111200300400.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104000359/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/11/12/stories/2005111200300400.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=4 November 2012 | location=Chennai, India |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=12 November 2005}}</ref>

'''''ஆவியுடன் உடலுமற்றைப் பொருள் முழுதும் உனக்கேயென்றளித்த பின்னும் பாவிகள்போல மிடியாலும் பிணியாலும் துயரமுறப் பண்ணலாமோ காவியங்கைக் குஞ்சரியாள் மணவாளா கருங்குறப்பெண் கணைக்கண்மோகா மூவிரண்டு முகத்தெந்தாய்! முத்தியால்பேட்டை வளர் முருகவேளே!'''''

'''''வண்ணச்சரபம் தண்டபாணி சுவாமிகள்.'''''

'''''18th century Temple. '''''

===St. Rozario Festival===
This festival is celebrated during the month of October. People who live in that street are mainly Christians who consider that festival more important. This festival is celebrated for 10 days. The first 9 days car procession takes place around the church. The 10th-day car procession goes to the entire street. During the procession both Hindus and Christians in that street welcome [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]] with flowers and candles. This is the most important festival for Christians living in Muthialpet.

===Vellavari Fire-Walk Festival===
In the name of goddess Sri Panchali/Dhowpathy, people who vow to take part in the fire walking ordeal observe 40 days fast and wear saffron-coloured clothes and after a purificatory bath, walk through the fire stretch to the astonishment of the spectators.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fire Walk Festival|url=http://www.whereincity.com/india/pondicherry/festivals.php}}</ref>

=== St. Antony's church feast ===
This festival takes place in the month of June. All Christians in Muthialpet celebrate this festival greatly. This festival is celebrated for 10 days.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Peddanaickenpettah]]

==External links==
{{Commons category|Muthialpet, Puducherry}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721161934/http://police.pondicherry.gov.in/Muthialpet%20PS.htm Muthialpet Police Station]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101027145800/http://www.lakshmihayagriva.org/ Lakshmi Hayagriva Temple]
* [http://archive.eci.gov.in/May2006/pollupd/ac/states/u07/..%5C..%5C..%5C..%5C..%5CElectionAnalysis%5CAE%5CU07%5CPartycomp01.htm Election results till the year 2006 for Muthialpet]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Puducherry district]]

Pradeep Agrawal

2025-11-03T09:29:51Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
'''Pradeep Agrawal''' (born 1969) is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]. He is an MLA of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Sewda Assembly constituency]] of [[Datia district]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Sewda Election Result 2023 LIVE Updates and Highlights: Pradeep Agrawal Of BJP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/sewda-election-result-2023-live-updates-and-highlights-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8687805.html |website=News 18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Sewda Assembly Election 2023 Result Live Updates: Check Latest Trends From Madhya Pradesh Election Results |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/sewda-assembly-election-2023-result-live-updates-latest-trends-from-madhya-pradesh-election-results-article-105692291 |website=Times Now}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pradeep Agarwal(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SEWDA(DATIA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/mp2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=604 |website=My Neta}}</ref> He won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]. He received a total of 43,834 votes and won with the margin of 2,558 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 January 2024 |title=Sewda Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Pradeep Agrawal wins Sewda with 43834 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/sewda-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470386-2023-12-03 |website=India Today}}</ref> This marks his second term as the MLA of Sewada, having previously served in the same capacity in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=सेवड़ा विधानसभा सीट बीजेपी लहार का प्रदीप अग्रवाल को कितना फायदा, जानें क्या कहते हैं आंकड़े? |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/madhya-pradesh/story-bjp-pradeep-aggarwal-is-winning-from-sevdha-seat-of-madhya-pradesh-says-opnion-polls-8978007.html |website=Live Hindustan}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Ambrish}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:1969 births]]

{{Madhya Pradesh-stub}}

Sukha (disambiguation)

2025-10-24T12:59:58Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{wikt|sukha}}
'''''[[Sukha]]''''' is a Sanskrit and Pāli word that is often translated as “happiness" or "ease" or "pleasure" or "bliss."

'''Sukha''' may also refer to:

* [[Sukha (musician)]], stage name of Sukhman Sodhi, Indo-Canadian rapper
* [[Sukhdev Singh Sukha]], Indian assassin
* [[Sukha Singh]], Sikh warrior
* [[Labh Singh]], also known as Sukha Sipahi, former Punjab Police (India) officer
* [[Surat Sukha]], Thai footballer
* [[Suree Sukha]], Thai footballer

==See also==
*[[Sukh (disambiguation)]]

{{disambiguation|given name|surname}}

New Zealand cricket team against Afghanistan in India in 2024

2025-10-22T21:54:10Z

LavernChitwood1: Added new info more to come

{{Short description|International cricket tour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tour
| series_name = New Zealand cricket team against Afghanistan in India in 2024
| team1_image = Flag of Afghanistan (2013–2021).svg
| team1_name = Afghanistan
| team2_image = Flag of New Zealand.svg
| team2_name = New Zealand
| from_date = 9
| to_date = 13 September 2024
| team1_captain = [[Hashmatullah Shahidi]]
| team2_captain = [[Tim Southee]]
| no_of_tests = 1
| team1_tests_won =
| team2_tests_won =
| team1_tests_most_runs =
| team2_tests_most_runs =
| team1_tests_most_wickets =
| team2_tests_most_wickets =
}}
The [[New Zealand national cricket team|New Zealand cricket team]] toured India in September 2024 to play the [[Afghanistan national cricket team|Afghanistan cricket team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricket.af/post/acb-to-host-new-zealand-for-a-one-off-test-match-in-september |title=ACB to Host New Zealand for a One-Off Test Match in September |work=[[Afghanistan Cricket Board]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/sports/nz-to-play-one-off-test-vs-afghanistan-in-noida-ahead-of-india-series-1503325279.html |title=NZ to play one-off Test vs Afghanistan in Noida ahead of India series |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> The tour consisted of one [[Test cricket|Test]] match,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131176/afghanistan-to-host-new-zealand-in-one-off-test-in-noida |title=Afghanistan to host New Zealand in one-off Test in Noida |work=[[Cricbuzz]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> which was the first such match between the two teams<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/afghanistan-to-play-one-off-test-against-new-zealand-from-september-9-13-in-greater-noida/articleshow/112068045.cms |title=Afghanistan To Play One-Off Test Against New Zealand From September 9-13 In Greater Noida |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref> and the first Test match to be played at [[Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex]] in [[Greater Noida]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/afghanistan-and-new-zealand-set-to-play-one-off-test-in-september-1444617 |title=Afghanistan and New Zealand set to play one-off Test in September |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/afghanistan-announce-dates-and-venue-for-one-off-home-test-against-new-zealand |title=Afghanistan announce dates and venue for one-off home Test against New Zealand |work=International Cricket Council |access-date=30 July 2024}}</ref>

The scheduled Test match was abandoned without a ball bowled, due to a wet outfield and persistent heavy rain.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/india-tour-of-new-zealand-1998-99-62318/new-zealand-vs-india-1st-test-64146/match-report-5 |title=Amid persistent rain, one-off Test between Afghanistan and NZ called off without a ball bowled |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/cricket/afghanistan-new-zealand-test-abandoned-without-a-ball-being-bowled-3189121 |title=Afghanistan-New Zealand Test abandoned without a ball being bowled |work=Deccan Herald |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> This was the eighth instance of a Test match being abandoned without a single ball being bowled.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/afg-vs-nz-tests-abandoned-without-a-ball-bowled-how-many-times-has-it-happened-before-1450846 |title=Tests abandoned without a ball bowled - how many times has it happened before? |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> It has been announced the two teams will play the one-off test in a future season in [[Doha]].

==Squads==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:auto"
|-
!{{cr|AFG}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/afghanistan-name-squad-for-maiden-test-against-new-zealand |title=Afghanistan name squad for maiden Test against New Zealand |work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=6 September 2024}}</ref>
!{{cr|NZ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/sears-o-rourke-set-for-afghanistan-sri-lanka-tests-bracewell-returns/ |title=Sears & O’Rourke set for Afghanistan & Sri Lanka Tests {{!}} Bracewell returns |work=[[New Zealand Cricket]] |access-date=12 August 2024 |archive-date=14 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240814201437/https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/sears-o-rourke-set-for-afghanistan-sri-lanka-tests-bracewell-returns/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Hashmatullah Shahidi]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Khalil Ahmed (cricketer)|Khalil Ahmed]]
* [[Qais Ahmad]]
* [[Ikram Alikhil]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Riaz Hassan (cricketer)|Riaz Hassan]]
* [[Zahir Khan (Afghan cricketer)|Zahir Khan]]
* [[Abdul Malik (cricketer)|Abdul Malik]]
* [[Nijat Masood]]
* [[Azmatullah Omarzai]]
* [[Bahir Shah]]
* [[Rahmat Shah]]
* [[Shahidullah (cricketer)|Shahidullah]]
* [[Zia-ur-Rehman]]
* [[Shamsurrahman]]
* <s>[[Ibrahim Zadran]]</s>
* [[Afsar Zazai]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|
* [[Tim Southee]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Tom Latham (cricketer)|Tom Latham]] ([[Captain (cricket)#Vice-captain|vc]])
* [[Tom Blundell (cricketer)|Tom Blundell]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Michael Bracewell (cricketer)|Michael Bracewell]]
* [[Devon Conway]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Matt Henry (cricketer)|Matt Henry]]
* [[Daryl Mitchell (New Zealand cricketer)|Daryl Mitchell]]
* [[William O'Rourke (cricketer)|William O'Rourke]]
* [[Ajaz Patel]]
* [[Glenn Phillips (cricketer)|Glenn Phillips]]
* [[Rachin Ravindra]]
* [[Mitchell Santner]]
* [[Ben Sears]]
* [[Kane Williamson]]
* [[Will Young (cricketer)|Will Young]]
|}

On 8 September 2024, [[Ibrahim Zadran]] was ruled out the series due to an ankle sprain in his left leg.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/afghanistan-batter-ruled-out-of-new-zealand-test-south-africa-series|title=Afghanistan batter ruled out of New Zealand Test, South Africa series|work=[[International Cricket Council]] |access-date=8 September 2024}}</ref>

==Only Test==
{{Two-innings cricket match
| date = 9–13 September 2024
| team1 = {{cr-rt|AFG}}
| team2 = {{cr|NZ}}

| score-team1-inns1 =
| runs-team1-inns1 =
| wickets-team1-inns1 =

| score-team2-inns1 =
| runs-team2-inns1 =
| wickets-team2-inns1 =

| score-team1-inns2 =
| runs-team1-inns2 =
| wickets-team1-inns2 =

| score-team2-inns2 =
| runs-team2-inns2 =
| wickets-team2-inns2 =

| result = Match abandoned
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1444648.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex]], [[Greater Noida]]
| umpires = [[Kumar Dharmasena]] (SL) and [[Sharfuddoula]] (Ban)
| motm =
| toss = No toss.
| rain = No play was possible on all five days due to rain and wet outfield.<ref name="day 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131586/wet-outfield-forces-opening-day-to-be-called-off-in-greater-noida |title=Wet outfield forces opening day to be called off in Greater Noida |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=9 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="day 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afghanistan-v-new-zealand-2024-1444646/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-only-test-1444648/match-report-2 |title=Day two of Afghanistan-New Zealand Test called off despite sunny conditions |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="day 3">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afghanistan-v-new-zealand-2024-1444646/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-only-test-1444648/match-report-3 |title=Persistent rain forces Day 3 of Afghanistan-New Zealand to be called off early |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref><ref name="day 4">{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/afghanistan-v-new-zealand-2024-1444646/afghanistan-vs-new-zealand-only-test-1444648/match-report-4 |title=Match likely to be abandoned after fourth day also washed out |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=12 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/131613/greater-noidas-unfortunate-first-the-test-that-never-was |title=Greater Noida's unfortunate first: The Test that never was |work=Cricbuzz |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>
| notes =
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{International cricket tours of Afghanistan}}
{{International cricket in 2024}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:New Zealand cricket team against Afghanistan in India in 2024-25}}
[[Category:2024 in Afghan cricket]]
[[Category:2024 in New Zealand cricket]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in 2024]]
[[Category:New Zealand cricket tours of India]]
[[Category:Afghan cricket tours of India]]

Syed Nasir Ali

2025-10-09T13:57:33Z

LavernChitwood1: Created new bio added tags

{{short description|Indian chess player}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2025}}
{{Infobox chess player
| name = Syed Nasir Ali
| image =
| caption =
| full_name =
| country = [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1936|8|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kanpur]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|5|29|1936|8|15|df=yes}}
| death_place =
| title =
| worldchampion =
| womensworldchampion =
| rating =
| peakrating = 2385 (January 1983)
| FideID =
}}

'''Syed Nasir Ali''' (15 August 1936 – 29 May 2018) was an [[India]]n [[chess]] player who won the [[Indian Chess Championship]] in 1967.

==Biography==
Nasir Ali Syed was born in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. His introduction to chess was purely accidental. While preparing for his final exams, Nasir Ali used to visit a friend of his. This friend knew how to play chess. One fine day, he taught Nasir Ali the rules of the game and started playing with him. They played hundreds of games against each other and each time, the friend, who was better than Nasir Ali, defeated him. "You can never defeat me!" these words spoken by his friend touched Nasir and he decided to work harder at his game. He tried to find new partners to play with and took part in any chess event that was held in Kanpur. Naturally, his chess strength started growing. The next time Nasir Ali met his friend, he beat him fair and square. The satisfaction was immense and along with it came the thought, "If I can defeat him, I can defeat anyone!" Nasir Ali believed in his abilities, worked hard, won many tournaments in India and became the national champion in 1967. Nasir Ali's highest Elo rating was 2385.<ref>[https://www.olimpbase.org/~~V/Elo/player/Nasir%20Ali,%20Syed.html FIDE rating history :: Nasir Ali, Syed]</ref> In 1969 in Singapore he shared 6th-7th place in FIDE World Chess Championship West Asian zonal tournament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olimpbase.org/ind-wcc/wc1972-zonalasiaw.html|title=OlimpBase :: West Asian zonal, Singapore 1969|website=www.olimpbase.org}}</ref> He could not achieve the International Master title due to lack of opportunities.<ref>[https://www.chessbase.in/news/Nasir_Ali_Syed?srsltid=AfmBOorX3fnVd_Im1R6lU12g0cNdbSKQBGs8KbIyc16_-ACZn7b8KQt4 Indian chess community remembers the genius called Nasir Ali (1936-2018)]</ref>

Syed Nasir Ali played for India in the Men's [[Asian Team Chess Championship]]s:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.olimpbase.org/playersa/4gyosqwf.html|title=OlimpBase :: Men's Asian Team Chess Championship :: Syed Nasir Ali|website=www.olimpbase.org}}</ref>
* In 1977, at fourth board in the 2nd Asian Team Chess Championship in [[Auckland]] (+1, =1, -3),
* In 1983, at fourth board in the 5th Asian Team Chess Championship in [[New Delhi]] (+2, =3, -0) and won team bronze medal.

He was active in the Indian chess tournaments even after his retirement from CRPF, until the final days of his life.<ref>[https://chessbase.in/news/nasir-ali-syed 80-year-old Nasir Ali Syed leads in Udaipur!]</ref> 81-year-old Nasir Ali Syed died on 29 May 2018.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{chessgames player|id=85106}}
*{{365Chess.com player|Syed_Nasir_Ali}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nasir Ali, Syed}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian chess players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kanpur]]

{{India-chess-bio-stub}}

2024–25 Goa Professional League

2025-10-03T13:38:09Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Short description|32nd season of the Goa Pro League}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox football league season
| competition = [[Goa Football League|Goa Professional League]]
| season = 2024–25
| dates = 21 September 2024–2 May 2025<ref>{{Citation |date=2024-09-19|title=CAM GOA PRO LEAGUE Season 2024-25|url=https://www.gfagoa.com/league-details/goa-professional-league/|access-date=2024-09-19|website=[[Goa Football Association]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
| winners = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]<ref>
*{{Cite web |title=Goa Pro League: Sporting Clube de Goa are champions, again |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-pro-league-sporting-clube-are-champions-again/articleshow/120833022.cms |access-date=3 May 2025 |date=3 May 2025 |work=The Times of India |agency=TNN |first1=Flavio |last1=Lopes |language=en-us |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250503140812/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-pro-league-sporting-clube-are-champions-again/articleshow/120833022.cms |archive-date=3 May 2025}}
*{{Cite web |title=Sporting Clube de Goa crowned Pro League champs |url=https://www.thegoan.net/sports/%EF%BB%BFsporting-clube-de-goa-crowned-pro-league-champs/129731.html |access-date=3 May 2025 |date=3 May 2025 |work=The Goan}}</ref> 8th GPL title 8th [[List of Goan state football champions|Goan title]]
| promoted = [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=No time to relax for CD Salgaocar |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/no-time-to-relax-for-cd-salgaocar/articleshow/121015522.cms |access-date=3 October 2025 |date=9 May 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |agency=TOI |first1=Flavio |last1=Lopes |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| relegated = [[Panjim Footballers]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-23|title=Panjim Footballers relegated from Goa Pro League|url=https://www.thegoan.net/sports/%EF%BB%BFpanjim-footballers-relegated-from-goa-pro-league/127855.html|access-date=2025-04-05|website=www.thegoan.net|language=en-UK}}</ref>
| matches = 134
| total goals = 441
| league topscorer =
| biggest home win =
| biggest away win =
| highest scoring = {{nowrap|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] 8–2 [[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]}} (14 January 2025)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-15|title=Sporting Clube de Goa Crush Guardian Angel SC 8-2 to Stay Unbeaten|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/sports/sporting-clube-thrash-guardian-angel/418092|access-date=2025-02-21|website=[[O Heraldo]]|language=en-UK}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-01-14|title=Flaming Oranje burn Guardian Angel SC|url=https://www.gfagoa.com/content-detail/flaming-oranje-burn-guardian-angel-sc/|access-date=2025-02-21|website=[[Goa Football Association]]|language=en-UK}}</ref> 
{{nowrap|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] 8–2 [[Goa Police]]}} (30 April 2025)
| longest wins =
| longest unbeaten =
| longest winless =
| longest losses =
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| attendance =
| average attendance =
| prevseason = [[2023–24 Goa Professional League|2023–24]]
| nextseason = [[2025–26 Goa Professional League|2025–26]]
| best goalkeeper =
| updated =
}}

The '''2024–25 Goa Professional League''' is the 27th season of the [[Goa Football League#Goa Professional League|Goa Professional League]], the top [[association football|football]] league in the [[India]]n state of [[Goa]] since its establishment in 1996. [[Sporting Clube de Goa]] are the defending champions, having won their 7th title.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lopes|first=Flavio|date=2024-05-02|title=Sporting put it across Nagoa for Goa Pro League title|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/articleshow/109762827.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|access-date=2024-05-02|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en-US}}</ref> 14 clubs are participating, with most matches played at [[Duler Stadium]].

== Changes from last season ==

=== Relegated from [[2023–24 Goa Professional League]] ===
* Young Boys of Tonca<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lopes|first=Flavio|date=2024-05-01|title=Sporting look to halt Sesa's 50-year wait for Goa Pro League title|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/sporting-look-to-halt-sesas-50-year-wait-for-goa-pro-league-title/articleshow/109737937.cms|access-date=2024-05-02|website=[[The Times of India]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Promoted to 2024–25 Goa Professional League ===

==== From [[Goa Football League#First Division League|GFA First Division League]] ====
*[[Goa Police]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-03 |title=Goa Police promoted to Goa Pro League|url=https://www.thegoan.net/sports/%EF%BB%BFgoa-police-promoted-to-goa-pro-league/113050.html|access-date=2024-08-21 |website=www.thegoan.net|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-05-03 |title=Goa Police crowned GFA Div I League champs|url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Sports/Goa-Police-crowned-GFA-Div-I-League-champs/220963|access-date=2024-08-21 |website=[[O Heraldo]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

==== Corporate entries ====
*[[Clube de Salgaocar]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-25 |title=Goa Pro League: Geno, Nagoa and Salgaocar's team get direct entry|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/goa-pro-league-geno-nagoa-and-salgaocars-team-get-direct-entry/articleshow/102088560.cms|access-date=2023-08-21 |website=[[The Times Of India]]|language=en-US}}</ref>

Before the [[2023–24 Goa Professional League]] season, The Goa Football Association (GFA) opened slots for direct entries into the league. The entry fees were 50 and 30 lakhs for corporate and village clubs respectively. Corporate entry clubs are exempt from relegation for the first season, ensuring a minimum of two years in the top tier. The third team handed a direct entry is owned by Dattaraj V Salgaocar, former co-owner of [[FC Goa]] and now chairman of VMS corporation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=GFA opens doors for outstation teams to take part in Goa Pro League|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/gfa-opens-doors-for-outstation-teams-to-take-part-in-goa-pro-league/articleshow/101262291.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=[[The Times of India]] |language=en-US }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! {{increase}} to GPL!! {{decrease}} to [[Goa Football League#First Division League|First Division]]
|-
| [[Goa Police]] [[Clube de Salgaocar]]
| Young Boys of Tonca 
|}

==Club locations==
{{Location map+ |India Goa |width=360|float=right |caption=Location of '''2024–25 Goa Pro League''' teams |places=
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.262606 |long=73.973827 |label=[[Churchill Brothers FC Goa|Churchill Brothers]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.546344 |long=73.760425 |label=Calangute Association|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.513521 |long=73.941636 |label=[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.263374 |long=74.108052 |label=[[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.638789 |long=73.876002 |label=[[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.541037 |long=73.824640 |label=[[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa]]|position=right}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.397943 |long=73.914502 |label={{nowrap|Cortalim Villagers}}|position=right}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.356074 |long=73.927077 |label=[[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.616230 |long=73.825282 |label=Geno|position=left}}

{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.493796 |long=73.819373 |mark=Black pog.svg|label='''Panaji'''|position=bottom}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.132636 |long=73.609971 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |label=<div style="font-size:100%;">'''{{nowrap|[[Panaji]] teams:}}''' 
{{nowrap|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Goa Police]]}} 
{{nowrap|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Panjim Footballers]]}} 
{{nowrap|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Sporting Clube de Goa]]}} 
</div>|position=right}}

{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.40092 |long=73.81526 |mark=Black pog.svg|label='''Vasco'''|position=left}}
{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=14.950 |long=73.60997 |mark=TransparentPlaceholder.png |label=<div style="font-size:100%;">'''{{nowrap|[[Vasco da Gama, Goa
|Vasco]] teams:}}''' 
{{nowrap|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Clube de Salgaocar]]}} 
{{nowrap|[[File:Red pog.svg|8px]] [[Vasco SC|Vasco]]}} 
</div>|position=right}}

{{Location map~ |India Goa |lat=15.598599 |long=73.816199 |mark=Green pog.svg |label= <div style="font-size:100%;position:relative;top:4px;">{{nowrap|'''[[Duler Stadium]]'''}}</div>|position=right}}
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" align="center"
! Club
! Location
! Ground
|-
|[[Dempo SC|Dempo]]
|[[Carambolim]]
|[[Dempo SC#Ella Academy Ground|Ella Academy Ground]]
|-
|[[Panjim Footballers]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Panaji]]
|rowspan="6"| [[Duler Stadium]]
|-
|[[Goa Police]]
|-
|[[Sporting Clube de Goa]]
|-
|[[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa B]]
|[[Porvorim]]
|-
|[[Calangute#Sports|Calangute Association]]
|[[Calangute]]
|-
|Geno Sports Club
|[[Mapusa]]
|-
|[[SESA Football Academy|SESA FA]]
|[[Sanquelim]]
|[[Sircaim#Football academy|Sesa Academy Ground]]
|-
|[[Vasco SC|Vasco]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Vasco da Gama, Goa|Vasco]]
|rowspan="3"|[[Tilak Maidan]]
|-
|[[Clube de Salgaocar]]
|-
|Cortalim Villagers
|[[Cortalim]]
|-
|[[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]
|[[Nagoa]]
| Nagoa Ground
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers SC|Churchill Brothers]]
|[[Margao]]
|rowspan="2"|Benaulim Ground
|-
|[[Guardian Angel SC]]
|[[Curchorem]]
|-
|}

==Format==
The 2024–25 Goa Professional League consists of 14 teams and will be played in two phases. In the first phase, all the teams will play each other once.<ref>{{cite news |title=Unveiling the 2024-2025 Goa Professional League |url=https://www.sportingclubedegoa.in/unveiling-the-2024-2025-goa-professional-league/#:~:text=The%202024-2025%20Goa%20Professional%20League%20showcases%2014,teams%20competing%20for%20a%20%E2%82%B910%20lakh%20prize. |access-date=13 February 2024 |work=[[SC de Goa]] |date=1 August 2024 |location=Goa}}</ref>

In the second, the top 8 teams play in the Super League and the team that finishes top of the table is declared the champion. The bottom 6 will play the relegation league and the team finishing last is relegated to the 2025-26 First Division.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Goa Pro League 2024-25|url=https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/|website=The Away End|language=en}}</ref>

==Broadcasting==
Matches from the league were telecast live on the SportsCast India [[YouTube]] channel.<ref>{{cite web | title=SUPER LEAGUE | GENO FC vs CORTALIM VILLAGERS | GOA PRO LEAGUE 2024-25 | website=[[YouTube]] | date=8 April 2025 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JvUo4KpUE68&list=PLKCzydrLKEvkYbp4Jqp_V7WF60FBq0LE7 }}</ref>

==League table==
===Phase 1===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update=complete
|section=League table
|source= [https://www.gfagoa.com/league-details/goa-professional-league/ Goa Professional League Official] [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|show_groups=no


|team10=CAL
|team11=CHB
|team7=COR
|team2=DEM
|team3=GEN
|team12=GUA
|team6=FCG
|team8=POL
|team13=PAN
|team9=PXN
|team5=SAL
|team4=SES
|team1=SCG
|team14=VSC


|win_SCG=11 |draw_SCG=1 |loss_SCG=1 |gf_SCG=39 |ga_SCG=13 
|win_DEM=9 |draw_DEM=2 |loss_DEM=2 |gf_DEM=27 |ga_DEM=9 
|win_GEN=9 |draw_GEN=1 |loss_GEN=3 |gf_GEN=33 |ga_GEN=16 
|win_SES=8 |draw_SES=4 |loss_SES=1 |gf_SES=24 |ga_SES=9 
|win_SAL=8 |draw_SAL=3 |loss_SAL=2 |gf_SAL=23 |ga_SAL=10 
|win_POL=6 |draw_POL=1 |loss_POL=6 |gf_POL=21 |ga_POL=25 
|win_FCG=7 |draw_FCG= |loss_FCG=6 |gf_FCG=28 |ga_FCG=17 
|win_COR=5 |draw_COR=5 |loss_COR=3 |gf_COR=23 |ga_COR=16 
|win_PXN=5 |draw_PXN=1 |loss_PXN=7 |gf_PXN=20 |ga_PXN=25 
|win_CAL=4 |draw_CAL=1 |loss_CAL=8 |gf_CAL=14 |ga_CAL=18 
|win_CHB=3 |draw_CHB=0 |loss_CHB=10 |gf_CHB=18 |ga_CHB=28 
|win_GUA=2 |draw_GUA=2 |loss_GUA=9 |gf_GUA=15 |ga_GUA=32 
|win_VSC=1 |draw_VSC=1 |loss_VSC=11 |gf_VSC=9 |ga_VSC=39 
|win_PAN=1 |draw_PAN=2 |loss_PAN=10 |gf_PAN=11 |ga_PAN=48 


|result1=S
|result2=S
|result3=S
|result4=S
|result5=S
|result6=S
|result7=S
|result8=S
|result9=R
|result10=R
|result11=R
|result12=R
|result13=R
|result14=R


|name_SCG= [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|name_DEM= [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|name_CAL= Calangute Association
|name_FCG= [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa B]]
|name_CHB= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|name_SES= [[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]
|name_PAN= [[Panjim Footballers]]
|name_GUA= [[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]
|name_VSC= [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]
|name_POL= [[Goa Police]]
|name_COR= Cortalim Villagers
|name_PXN= [[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]
|name_GEN= Geno SC
|name_SAL= [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]]


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored


|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_S=green1
|text_S=Super League
|col_R=red1
|text_R=Relegation League
}}

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main|source= [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header=


|team10=CAL
|team11=CHB
|team7=COR
|team2=DEM
|team3=GEN
|team12=GUA
|team6=FCG
|team8=POL
|team13=PAN
|team9=PXN
|team5=SAL
|team4=SES
|team1=SCG
|team14=VSC


|name_SCG = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|name_DEM = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|name_FCG = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa B]]
|name_SES = [[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]
|name_POL = [[Goa Police]]
|name_COR = Cortalim Villagers
|name_GEN = Geno SC
|name_SAL = [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]]
|name_PXN= [[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]
|name_CAL= Calangute Association
|name_CHB= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|name_PAN= [[Panjim Footballers]]
|name_GUA= [[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]
|name_VSC= [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]


|match_SCG_DEM=
|match_SCG_FCG=
|match_SCG_SES=
|match_SCG_POL=
|match_SCG_COR=
|match_SCG_GEN= 3-1
|match_SCG_SAL= 2-3
|match_SCG_GUA= 8-2
|match_SCG_VSC= 6-0
|match_SCG_PXN=
|match_SCG_CAL= 3-1
|match_SCG_CHB=
|match_SCG_PAN= 4-1


|match_DEM_SCG= 1-2
|match_DEM_FCG=
|match_DEM_SES=
|match_DEM_POL= 4-0
|match_DEM_COR= 0-0
|match_DEM_GEN=
|match_DEM_SAL=
|match_DEM_GUA=
|match_DEM_VSC=
|match_DEM_PXN=
|match_DEM_CAL= 2-1
|match_DEM_CHB= 2-1
|match_DEM_PAN= 2-1


|match_FCG_SCG= 1-2
|match_FCG_DEM= 0-1
|match_FCG_SES= 1-2
|match_FCG_POL= 4-1
|match_FCG_COR=
|match_FCG_GEN= 3-0
|match_FCG_SAL= 0-2
|match_FCG_GUA= 3-1
|match_FCG_VSC=
|match_FCG_PXN= 2-0
|match_FCG_CAL=
|match_FCG_CHB=
|match_FCG_PAN=


|match_SES_SCG= 0-0
|match_SES_DEM= 0-0
|match_SES_FCG=
|match_SES_POL= 0-0
|match_SES_COR= 1-1
|match_SES_GEN= 3-1
|match_SES_SAL= 0-2
|match_SES_GUA= 2-0
|match_SES_VSC=
|match_SES_PXN= 4-2
|match_SES_CAL=
|match_SES_CHB=
|match_SES_PAN=


|match_POL_SCG= 1-2
|match_POL_DEM=
|match_POL_FCG=
|match_POL_SES=
|match_POL_COR= 1-4
|match_POL_GEN= 0-2
|match_POL_SAL=
|match_POL_GUA=
|match_POL_VSC= 3-2
|match_POL_PXN=
|match_POL_CAL= 2-1
|match_POL_CHB= 3-1
|match_POL_PAN= 0-3


|match_COR_SCG= 0-2
|match_COR_DEM=
|match_COR_FCG= 3-2
|match_COR_SES=
|match_COR_POL=
|match_COR_GEN= 2-3
|match_COR_SAL=
|match_COR_GUA=
|match_COR_VSC= 2-0
|match_COR_PXN=
|match_COR_CAL= 1-0
|match_COR_CHB= 2-3
|match_COR_PAN= 2-2


|match_GEN_SCG=
|match_GEN_DEM= 2-1
|match_GEN_FCG=
|match_GEN_SES=
|match_GEN_POL=
|match_GEN_COR=
|match_GEN_SAL=
|match_GEN_GUA= 2-1
|match_GEN_VSC=
|match_GEN_PXN= 4-1
|match_GEN_CAL= 2-0
|match_GEN_CHB=
|match_GEN_PAN= 5-1


|match_SAL_SCG=
|match_SAL_DEM= 0-2
|match_SAL_FCG= 0-2
|match_SAL_SES=
|match_SAL_POL=
|match_SAL_GEN= 1-1
|match_SAL_COR= 1-1
|match_SAL_GUA= 2-1
|match_SAL_VSC=
|match_SAL_PXN= 0-0
|match_SAL_CAL=
|match_SAL_CHB= 1-0
|match_SAL_PAN=


|match_PXN_SCG= 1-3
|match_PXN_DEM= 1-3
|match_PXN_FCG=
|match_PXN_SES=
|match_PXN_POL= 1-4
|match_PXN_GEN=
|match_PXN_COR= 0-4
|match_PXN_SAL=
|match_PXN_CAL= 2-0
|match_PXN_CHB= 3-1
|match_PXN_PAN=
|match_PXN_GUA=
|match_PXN_VSC=


|match_CAL_SCG=
|match_CAL_DEM=
|match_CAL_FCG= 2-0
|match_CAL_SES= 0-1
|match_CAL_POL=
|match_CAL_GEN=
|match_CAL_COR=
|match_CAL_SAL= 0-3
|match_CAL_PXN=
|match_CAL_CHB=
|match_CAL_PAN= 4-0
|match_CAL_GUA= 2-1
|match_CAL_VSC= 1-1


|match_CHB_SCG= 1-2
|match_CHB_DEM=
|match_CHB_FCG= 3-4
|match_CHB_SES= 0-2
|match_CHB_POL=
|match_CHB_GEN= 0-4
|match_CHB_COR=
|match_CHB_SAL=
|match_CHB_PXN=
|match_CHB_CAL= 0-2
|match_CHB_PAN= 5-0
|match_CHB_GUA=
|match_CHB_VSC= 3-0


|match_PAN_SCG=
|match_PAN_DEM=
|match_PAN_FCG= 0-7
|match_PAN_SES= 1-7
|match_PAN_POL=
|match_PAN_GEN=
|match_PAN_COR=
|match_PAN_SAL= 0-4
|match_PAN_PXN= 0-4
|match_PAN_CAL=
|match_PAN_CHB=
|match_PAN_GUA= 2-2
|match_PAN_VSC= 0-2


|match_GUA_SCG=
|match_GUA_DEM= 0-1
|match_GUA_FCG=
|match_GUA_SES=
|match_GUA_POL= 1-4
|match_GUA_GEN=
|match_GUA_COR= 1-1
|match_GUA_SAL=
|match_GUA_PXN= 0-4
|match_GUA_CAL=
|match_GUA_CHB= 3-0
|match_GUA_PAN=
|match_GUA_VSC=


|match_VSC_SCG=
|match_VSC_DEM= 1-8
|match_VSC_FCG= 0-1
|match_VSC_SES= 1-2
|match_VSC_POL=
|match_VSC_GEN= 0-6
|match_VSC_COR=
|match_VSC_SAL= 1-4
|match_VSC_PXN= 0-1
|match_VSC_CAL=
|match_VSC_CHB=
|match_VSC_PAN=
|match_VSC_GUA= 1-2
}}

===Phase 2===
All the points from Phase 1 are carried over to Phase 2.<ref>{{cite web | title=Instagram | url=https://www.instagram.com/gfa__official_/p/DH_fxA9Tb94/?hl=en }}</ref>

===Super League===
[[Indian Super League]], [[I-League 2]], [[I-League 3]] and [[Institutional League|institutional teams]] are ineligible for [[I-League 3|2025-26 I-League 3]].
<onlyinclude>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update= complete
|section=League table
|source= [https://www.gfagoa.com/league-details/goa-professional-league/ Goa Professional League Official] [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|show_groups=no


|team_order = SCG, DEM, SAL, GEN, FCG, SES, COR, POL


|win_SCG=14 |draw_SCG=4 |loss_SCG=2 |gf_SCG=52 |ga_SCG=19 
|win_FCG=11 |draw_FCG=2 |loss_FCG=7 |gf_FCG=41 |ga_FCG=24 
|win_DEM=14 |draw_DEM=3 |loss_DEM=3 |gf_DEM=41 |ga_DEM=15 
|win_COR=6 |draw_COR=8 |loss_COR=6 |gf_COR=31 |ga_COR=27 
|win_SAL=12 |draw_SAL=5 |loss_SAL=3 |gf_SAL=39 |ga_SAL=16 
|win_GEN=11 |draw_GEN=3 |loss_GEN=6 |gf_GEN=42 |ga_GEN=26 
|win_SES=9 |draw_SES=6 |loss_SES=5 |gf_SES=31 |ga_SES=19 
|win_POL=6 |draw_POL=2 |loss_POL=12 |gf_POL=25 |ga_POL=52 


|name_SCG= [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]][[I-League 2|IL2]]
|name_DEM= [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]][[I-League|IL]]
|name_FCG= [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa B]][[Indian Super League|ISL]]
|name_SES= [[SESA Football Academy|SESA]][[I-League 3|IL3]]
|name_POL= [[Goa Police]][[Institutional League|INST]]
|name_COR= Cortalim Villagers
|name_GEN= Geno SC
|name_SAL= [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]]


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored


|result1=C
|res_col_header=Qualification
|col_C=gold
|text_C=Champions
|result3=Q
|col_Q=green2
|text_Q=Eligible for [[I-League 3]]
}}</onlyinclude>
{{notelist}}

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main|source= [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header=


|team1 = SCG
|team2 = DEM
|team3 = SAL
|team4 = GEN
|team5 = SES
|team6 = FCG
|team7 = COR
|team8 = POL


|name_SCG = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|name_DEM = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|name_FCG = [[FC Goa Reserves and Academy|FC Goa B]]
|name_SES = [[SESA Football Academy|SESA]]
|name_POL = [[Goa Police]]
|name_COR = Cortalim Villagers
|name_GEN = Geno SC
|name_SAL = [[Clube de Salgaocar|CD Salgaocar]]


|match_SCG_DEM=
|match_SCG_FCG=
|match_SCG_SES=
|match_SCG_POL= 8-2
|match_SCG_COR=
|match_SCG_GEN=
|match_SCG_SAL= 1-2


|match_DEM_SCG= 0-0
|match_DEM_FCG= 1-2
|match_DEM_SES= 3-2
|match_DEM_POL= 5-0
|match_DEM_COR= 2-1
|match_DEM_GEN= 1-0
|match_DEM_SAL=


|match_FCG_SCG= 0-1
|match_FCG_DEM=
|match_FCG_SES=
|match_FCG_POL= 3-0
|match_FCG_COR=
|match_FCG_GEN= 3-2
|match_FCG_SAL= 2-2


|match_SES_SCG= 1-1
|match_SES_DEM=
|match_SES_FCG= 0-2
|match_SES_POL= 2-0
|match_SES_COR=
|match_SES_GEN= 1-2
|match_SES_SAL= 0-0


|match_POL_SCG=
|match_POL_DEM=
|match_POL_FCG=
|match_POL_SES=
|match_POL_COR= 1-1
|match_POL_GEN= 1-3
|match_POL_SAL=


|match_COR_SCG= 0-1
|match_COR_DEM=
|match_COR_FCG= 1-1
|match_COR_SES= 3-1
|match_COR_POL=
|match_COR_GEN=
|match_COR_SAL=


|match_GEN_SCG= 1-1
|match_GEN_DEM=
|match_GEN_FCG=
|match_GEN_SES=
|match_GEN_POL=
|match_GEN_COR= 1-1
|match_GEN_SAL=


|match_SAL_SCG=
|match_SAL_DEM= 1-2
|match_SAL_FCG=
|match_SAL_SES=
|match_SAL_POL= 5-0
|match_SAL_GEN= 2-0
|match_SAL_COR= 4-1
}}

===Relegation League===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL
|update= complete
|section=League table
|source= [https://www.gfagoa.com/league-details/goa-professional-league/ Goa Professional League Official] [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|show_groups=no


|team_order = PXN, CAL, GUA, VSC, CHB, PAN


|win_GUA=5 |draw_GUA=4 |loss_GUA=9 |gf_GUA=26 |ga_GUA=37 
|win_PXN=7 |draw_PXN=1 |loss_PXN=10 |gf_PXN=32 |ga_PXN=33 
|win_VSC=4 |draw_VSC=3 |loss_VSC=11 |gf_VSC=20 |ga_VSC=44 
|win_CHB=4 |draw_CHB=2 |loss_CHB=12 |gf_CHB=23 |ga_CHB=36 
|win_PAN=2 |draw_PAN=2 |loss_PAN=14 |gf_PAN=19 |ga_PAN=68 
|win_CAL=6 |draw_CAL=1 |loss_CAL=11 |gf_CAL=19 |ga_CAL=24 


|name_PXN= [[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]
|name_CAL= Calangute Association
|name_CHB= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|name_PAN= [[Panjim Footballers]]
|name_GUA= [[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]
|name_VSC= [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]


|show_limit=5
|class_rules = 1) points; 2) goal difference; 3) number of goals scored


|status_PAN=R
|res_col_header=Qualification
|result6=R
|col_R=red1
|text_R=Relegation to [[Goa Football League#First Division League|First Division]]
}}

===Fixtures===
{{#invoke:sports results|main|source= [https://theawayend.co/goa-pro-league/ The Away End - Goa Pro League]
|update= complete
|matches_style=FBR
|team_header=


|team1 = PXN
|team2 = CAL
|team3 = GUA
|team4 = VSC
|team5 = CHB
|team6 = PAN


|name_PXN= [[Pax of Nagoa SC|Pax of Nagoa]]
|name_CAL= Calangute Association
|name_CHB= [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|name_PAN= [[Panjim Footballers]]
|name_GUA= [[Guardian Angel SC|Guardian Angel]]
|name_VSC= [[Vasco S.C.|Vasco]]


|match_PXN_CAL= 0-1
|match_PXN_CHB= 3-0
|match_PXN_PAN=
|match_PXN_GUA= 2-4
|match_PXN_VSC=


|match_CAL_PXN=
|match_CAL_CHB= 3-1
|match_CAL_PAN= 1-2
|match_CAL_GUA=
|match_CAL_VSC= 0-1


|match_CHB_PXN=
|match_CHB_CAL=
|match_CHB_PAN= 4-2
|match_CHB_GUA= 0-0
|match_CHB_VSC= 0-0


|match_PAN_PXN= 0-7
|match_PAN_CAL=
|match_PAN_CHB=
|match_PAN_GUA=
|match_PAN_VSC= 3-5


|match_GUA_PXN=
|match_GUA_CAL= 2-0
|match_GUA_CHB=
|match_GUA_PAN= 3-1
|match_GUA_VSC=


|match_VSC_PXN= 3-0
|match_VSC_CAL=
|match_VSC_CHB=
|match_VSC_PAN=
|match_VSC_GUA= 2-2
}}

== Prize money ==
The total pool of prize money is {{INRConvert|10|l|lk=l}}<ref>{{cite news |title=13-Team Goa Professional League kicks off today |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/13-team-goa-professional-league-kicks-off-today/articleshow/103093744.cms |access-date=28 August 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=27 August 2023 |location=Goa}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Amount
|-
!Champions
|{{INRConvert|6|l|lk=l}}
|-
!Runner-ups
|{{INRConvert|4|l|lk=l}}
|-
!Total
!{{INRConvert|10|l|lk=l}}
|}

==See also==
*[[2024–25 I-League 3]]
*[[2024–25 Indian State Leagues]]
*[[2024 Bandodkar Trophy]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|group=n}}
{{Goa Professional League}}
{{Football in Goa}}
{{2024–25 in Indian football}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:2024-25 Goa Professional League}}
[[Category:Goa Professional League seasons]]
[[Category:2024–25 in Indian football leagues]]

Bhaini

2025-09-28T05:19:13Z

LavernChitwood1: improved article

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhaini
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Punjab#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Punjab, India
| coordinates = {{coord|31|32|41.26|N|75|18|54.96|E|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Jalandhar district|Jalandhar]]
| subdivision_type3 = Tehsil
| subdivision_name3 = [[Phillaur]]
| subdivision_type4 = Region
| subdivision_name4 =
| government_type = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric


| elevation_m =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_blank2_title = Total Households
| population_blank2 = 166
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 782 417/365 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_density_km2 =
| population_note =
| population_blank1_title = Scheduled Castes
| population_blank1 = 509 275/234 [[male|♂]]/[[female|♀]]
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]
| demographics1_title2 =
| demographics1_info2 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type =
| postal_code =
| area_total_ha = 167
| area_code_type = Telephone
| area_code = 01826
| registration_plate = PB-37
| iso_code = IN-PB
| blank1_name_sec2 =
| blank1_info_sec2 =
| website = {{URL|Jalandhar.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhaini''' is a village in [[Phillaur]] in [[Jalandhar district]] of [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|6|km}} from sub district headquarters and {{convert|50|km}} from district headquarters. The village is [[Administration (government)|administered]] by a [[Sarpanch]] who is an elected representative of the village.

== Demography ==
{{as of|2011}}, the village has a total number of 166 houses and a population of 782 of which 417 are males while 365 are females.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_0300.xlsx|title=DCHB Village Release|work=[[Census of India, 2011]]}}</ref> According to the report [[published]] by [[Census India]] in 2011, out of the total population of the village 509 people are from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Caste]] and the village does not have any [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Tribe]] population so far.<ref name=census />

==See also==
*[[List of villages in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180608165116/http://punjabtourism.gov.in/ Tourism of Punjab]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201629/http://punjabcensus.gov.in/ Census of Punjab]
{{Jalandhar district}}

[[Category:Villages in Jalandhar district]]

{{Jalandhar-geo-stub}}

Santhome

2025-08-30T20:22:50Z

LavernChitwood1: rework layout per standard format and added references after review

{{More citations needed|date=August 2025}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Santhome
| other_name = Saint Thomas
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline = Santhome Church side view.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = San Thome Basilica
| nickname =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Chennai#Tamil Nadu#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.0302|N|80.2787|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Chennai District]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = Chennai
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1500
| founder = Portuguese explorers
| named_for = [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 600004
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Urban planning|Planning]] agency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority|CMDA]]
| website = {{URL|www.chennai.tn.nic.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Santhome''', also written '''San Thome''', is a locality in [[Mylapore]] in [[Chennai]] city (formerly [[Madras]]) in India. It was a Portuguese settlement in the 16th century.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Balasubramanian |first=Roshne |date=7 September 2020 |title=Sauntering through Santhome, looking for lost fort and hidden castle |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/Sep/07/sauntering-through-santhome-looking-for-lost-fort-and-hidden-castle-2193340.html |access-date=2025-08-30 |work=New Indian Express}}</ref>

==History==
The word ''Santhome'' or ''San Thome'' is derived from [[Thomas the Apostle|Saint Thomas]]. The tradition is that he was [[martyr]]ed in AD 72 at [[St.Thomas Mount]] in the city, and was interred in [[Mylapore]]. Later a church was built over his supposed tomb and today is known as the [[San Thome Basilica]].

The [[Basilica]] is one of the three churches that claim to have been built over the tomb of an [[Twelve apostles|apostle]]. (Others include [[St. Peter's Basilica]] in Rome, Italy; the Church of [[James, son of Zebedee|Saint James the Great]] in [[Santiago de Compostela]], Spain.)

==St. Thomas Tomb==
After [[Thomas the Apostle]] was said to have landed in [[Calicut]] and preached about [[Jesus]] in [[Kerala]], he came to [[Chennai]] and preached about Jesus and was killed in AD 72 in St. Thomas Mount and possibly buried in [[Mylapore]] (presently Santhome). And as History a small and simple structure (church) was built over the tomb of [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] by his disciples in AD 72.
In AD 1521 the tomb was renovated by Portuguese missionaries who built a church over the tomb. After the tomb of [[Saint Thomas the apostle]] was renovated the relic of Apostle was firstly shown in the church. The body of the Apostle was taken into the town under grand procession in Santhome and Mylapore and again buried in the center of [[Santhome Church]], in 1523 after the church was opened. In 1545 [[Saint Francis Xavier]] visited the church and stayed for nearly 11 months. He often prayed in the tomb and celebrated Eucharist Mass in the main church. In 1729 the tomb was first opened to the public.

==Santhome Church==
{{Main|Santhome Church}}
The Portuguese explorers came to Mylapore in 1500, they saw the tomb of St. Thomas as a small abandoned structure and they decided to build a church in that same place. In 1522 they started building the church under orders of King [[John III of Portugal]] and opened it in 1523. They named the east coast of Mylapore as Santhome where the church is located. In 1893 [[British people|British]] decided to rebuild the church with the status of Cathedral and opened in 1896. Later on the church became [[Basilica]] and [[National Shrine]] of India. And also referred to be "International Shrine". It is a very important church in the world and most visited site in Chennai.

Today it is known as "National Shrine of St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica" or "Santhome Church" built over the holy tomb of [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]]. The glory and dignity of St. Thomas shown in this Cathedral Basilica Church.

==Battle of St Thomé==
During the [[First Carnatic War]] (1744/1746–1748), after the French captured [[Fort St George]] from the British, the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]], [[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]], expected the town to be handed over to him as overlord. Anwaruddin responded by sending a 10,000 man army under Mahfuz Khan, his son, to take the fort from Dupleix by force forcing him to move south. Khan seized Santhome and formed a battle line on the north bank of the [[Adyar River]] on 22 October to prevent the French from moving up reinforcements from [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]].

When Kahn's forces approached the walls however, the garrison's gunnery compelled them to retire. French Governor-General [[Joseph François Dupleix]] sent a relief force from Pondicherry that met Khan's army at the [[Adyar River]]. Although the French had only 300 troops, in the [[Battle of Adyar]] they executed a bold attack that drove the Nawab's forces into the town. The French then expelled them and forced them to retreat towards Arcot. By this action the French ceased being suppliants to the local ruler.

==Santhome now==
Santhome has some premier educational institutions. Hence, it became an administrative capital locality of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madras and Mylapore|Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore.]] These include [[Rosary Matriculation School]], St. Bedes A. I. Hr. Sec. School, Santhome Higher Secondary school, St. Raphel's School and Dominic Savio Matric. School. The official residence of the Archbishop of the Madras - Mylapore Archdiocese is in Santhome adjacent to the Basilica. The consulates of Russia and Spain are also in this area. The Santhome High Road stretches from the light house side of the famous [[Marina beach]] and goes through in front of St. Thomas basilica towards [[Adyar (Chennai)|Adyar]]. 

==Gallery==
{{gallery
|Santhome beach by LMB.jpg
|Santhome beach crowded with people
|SANTHOME CATHEDRAL.jpg
|Santhome Cathedral Basilica
|Santhome aerial view.jpg
|Santhome aerial view
|Santhome spire and church sideview.jpg
|Santhome church
|Santhome back aerial view.jpg
|Santhome Church Aerial view from back side
|Saint Thomas tomb.jpg
|Saint Thomas Tomb located in Santhome Church
}}
==See also==
{{Portal|India
}}
* [[San Thome Basilica]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
*


{{Neighborhoods of Chennai}}
{{Chennai Topics}}

[[Category:Coastal neighbourhoods of Chennai]]

Krishnanagar II

2025-07-02T16:32:36Z

LavernChitwood1: update page further and improved wording per sources

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Krishnanagar II
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Community development block
| image_skyline = File:Krishnanagar II block office.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Krishnanagar-II CD block office
| image_map = Krishnanagar-II in Nadia (West Bengal).svg
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.4881900|N|88.4513170|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nadia district|Nadia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Community development block in India|Community development block]]
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 124.37
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 17
| population_total = 139,472
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| demographics_type2 = Literacy (2011)
| demographics2_title2 = Total literates1
| demographics2_info2 = 85,053 (68.52%)
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 741139 (Dhubulia) 741125 (Belpukur)
| area_code_type = Telephone/STD code
| area_code = 03472
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-51, [[List of RTO districts in India#WB.E2.80.94West Bengal|WB]]-52
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Krishnanagar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Krishnanagar Dakshin (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Krishnanagar Dakshin]]
| website = {{URL|nadia.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Krishnanagar II''' is a [[Community development block in India|community development block]] that forms an administrative division in [[Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision]] of [[Nadia district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Geography==
Dhubulia is located at {{coord|23.4881900|N|88.4513170|E|format=dms|}}.

Krishnanagar II CD Block is bounded by [[Nakashipara (community development block)|Nakshipara]] CD Block in the north, [[Chapra, Nadia (community development block)|Chapra]] CD Block in the east, [[Krishnanagar I]] and [[Nabadwip (community development block)|Nabadwip]] CD Blocks in the south and [[Purbasthali II (community development block)|Purbasthali II]] CD Block in Bardhaman district, across the [[Hooghly River|Hooghly]], in the west.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/nadia.html |title = Tehsil Map of Nadia |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 15 November 2018}}</ref>

Nadia district is mostly alluvial plains lying to the east of [[Hooghly River]], locally known as the Bhagirathi. The alluvial plains are cut across by such distributaries as the Jalangi, Churni and Ichhamati. With these rivers getting silted up, floods are a recurring feature.<ref>Gangopadhyay, Basudev, ''Paschimbanga Parichay'', 2001, {{in lang|bn}}, p. 70, Sishu Sahitya Sansad</ref>

Krishnnagar II CD Block has an area of 124.37 km2. It has 1 [[Panchayat Samiti (Block)|panchayat samity]], 7 [[gram panchayat]]s, 103 gram sansads (village councils), 45 [[mouza]]s and 44 inhabited villages. [[Dhubulia#Police station|Dhubulia]] police station serves this block.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref> Headquarters of this CD Block is at Dhubulia.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf|title = District Census Handbook: Nadia, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Nadia with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 2 May 2017 }}</ref>

[[Gram panchayat]]s of Krishnanagar II block/ panchayat samiti are: Belpukur, Dhubulia I, Dhubulia II, Nawpara I, Sonatola II, Sadhanpara I and Sadhanpara II, Bahadurpur.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Nadia - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 May 2017}}</ref>

==Demographics==
===Population===
As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Krishnagar II CD Block had a population of 139,472, of which 134,032 were rural and 5,440 were urban. There were 71,614 (52%) males and 67,858 (48%) females. Population below 6 years was 15,352. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Castes]] numbered 25,563 (18.33%) and [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Scheduled Tribes]] numbered 2,292 (1.64%).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 25 February 2016}}</ref>

As per the 2001 census, Krishnanagar II block had a total population of 124,127, out of which 64,006 were males and 60,121 were females. Krishnagar II block registered a population growth of 17.04 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the district was 19.51 per cent. In 2011 the total population is 5,168,488. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.<ref name=census>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_10.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4 |publisher=Census Commissioner of India |work=Census of India 2001, Nadia district (10) |access-date=2011-03-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041622/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_10.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |title=Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal. Table 4 |access-date=2012-04-12 |work=Census of India 2001 |publisher=Census Commission of India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927041813/http://www.wbcensus.gov.in/DataTables/02/Table4_1.htm |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref>

There is one [[census town]] in Krishnanagar II CD Block (2011 census figure in brackets): [[Harindanga, Nadia|Harindanga]] (5,440).<ref name=census2011/>

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Krishnanagar II CD Block were (2011 census figures in brackets): Rukunpur (4,804), Sonadanga (11,156), Dwipchandrapur (4,209), Tatla (5,036), Noapara (5,705), Sonatala (9,406), Dhubulia (11,026), Chaugachhahansadanga (4,685), Krishna Chandrapur (4,464), Mayaral (4,051) and Bahadurpur (5,455).<ref name=census2011/>

Other villages in Krishnanagar II CD Block include (2011 census figures in brackets): Sadhanpara (2,971).<ref name=census2011/>

===Literacy===
As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Krishnanagar II CD Block was 85,053 (68.52% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 46,523 (72.88% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 38,530 (63.92% of the female population over 6 years). The [[Literacy#Gender disparities|gender disparity]] (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 8.96%.<ref name=census2011/>

See also – [[List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate]]

{{Literacy in CD Blocks of Nadia district|collapsible=y}}

===Language and religion===

{{bar box
|title=Religion in Krishnanagar II CD block (2011)<ref name="religion"/>
|titlebar=#FCD116
|left1=
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in West Bengal|Hinduism]]|darkorange|57.02}}
{{bar percent|[[Islam in West Bengal|Islam]]|green|42.84}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.14}}
}}

In the 2011 census, Hindus numbered 79,530 and formed 57.02% of the population in Krishnanagar II CD Block. Muslims numbered 59,754 and formed 42.84% of the population. Christians numbered 73 and formed 0.05% of the population. Others numbered 115 and formed 0.09% of the population.<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

In the 2001 census, Hindus numbered 311,840 and formed 77.09% of the combined population of Krisnanagar I and Krishnanagar II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 90,806 and formed 22.45% of the combined population. In the 1991 census, Hindus numbered 255,189 and formed 77.32% of the combined population of Krishnanagar I and Krishnanagar II CD Blocks. Muslims numbered 73,355 and formed 22.23% of the combined population.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia |work = Table 17.1 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 2 May 2017 |url-status = usurped |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170302072706/http://dospiwb.org.in/download.php?v=13 |archive-date = 2 March 2017 }}</ref>

[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the predominant language, spoken by 99.15% of the population.<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

==Rural poverty==
The District [[Human Development Report]] for Nadia has provided a CD Block-wise data table for [[Human Poverty Index|Modified Human Vulnerability Index]] of the district. Krishnanagar II CD Block registered 29.83 on the MHPI scale. The CD Block-wise mean MHVI was estimated at 33.92. A total of 8 out of the 17 CD Blocks in Nadia district were found to be severely deprived when measured against the CD Block mean MHVI - Karimpur I and Karimpur II (under Tehatta subdivision), Kaliganj, Nakashipara, Chapra, Krishnanagar I and Nabadwip (under Krishnanagar Sadar subdivision) and Santipur (under Ranaghat subdivision) appear to be backward.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | title = District Human Development Report: Nadia | work = June 2012. Pages: 211-212 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 May 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160316112838/http://wbplan.gov.in/humandev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | archive-date = 16 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

As per the ''Human Development Report 2004 for West Bengal'', the rural poverty ratio in Nadia district was 28.35%. The estimate was based on Central Sample data of NSS 55th round 1999–2000.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| title = West Bengal Human Development Report 2004| work = Page 80: Table 4.5 Per capita consumption in rural and urban areas by district| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 20 November 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120501201321/http://planningcommission.gov.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_pdf/shdr_wb04.pdf| archive-date = 1 May 2012| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==Economy==
===Livelihood===
In Krishnanagar II CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators formed 16.33%, agricultural labourers 35.66%, household industry workers 8.63% and other workers 39.37%.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Nadia | work = Tables 2.7, 17.2, 16.1, 18.1, 18.2, 20.1, 21.2, 4.4, 3.1, 3.3 – arranged as per use | publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 October 2020}}</ref>

The southern part of Nadia district starting from Krishnanagar I down to Chakdaha and Haringhata has some urban pockets specialising in either manufacturing or service related economic activity and has reflected a comparatively higher concentration of population but the urban population has generally stagnated. Nadia district still has a large chunk of people living in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf| title = District Human Development Report: Nadia| work = Chapter IV: Livelihood and occupational structure, pages 63-73| publisher = Development and Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2011| access-date = 6 May 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160316112838/http://wbplan.gov.in/humandev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf| archive-date = 16 March 2016| url-status = dead}}</ref>

===Infrastructure===
There are 44 inhabited villages in Krishnanagar II CD Block. 100% villages have power supply and drinking water supply. 13 Villages (29.55%) have post offices. 42 villages (95.45%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 36 villages (81.82%) have a pucca approach road and 30 villages (68.18%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 13 villages (29.55%) have agricultural credit societies and 8 villages (18.18%) have banks.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Pages 91-92 Table 36: Distribution of villages according to availability of different amenities,2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref> It should, however, be noted that although 100% villages in Nadia district had power supply in 2011, a survey in 2007-08 revealed that less than 50% of households had electricity connection. In rural areas of the country, the tube well was for many years considered to be the provider of safe drinking water, but with arsenic contamination of ground water claiming public attention it is no longer so. Piped water supply is still a distant dream. In 2007–08, the availability of piped drinking water in Nadia district was as low as 8.6%, well below the state average of around 20%.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Nadia | work = Pages 54-55, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district | publisher = Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160316112838/http://wbplan.gov.in/humandev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | archive-date = 16 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Agriculture===

{{Pie chart
|caption= '''Persons engaged in agriculture in Krishnanagar II CD Block'''
|value1 = 5.72
|label1 = Bargadars
|value2 = 9.33
|label2 = Patta holders
|value3 = 8.39
|label3 = Small farmers
|value4 = 36.38
|label4 = Marginal farmers
|value5 = 40.19
|label5= Agricultural labourers}}

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights of [[bargadar]]s to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | title = District Human Development Report: South 24 Parganas | work = (1) Chapter 1.2, South 24 Parganas in Historical Perspective, pages 7-9 (2) Chapter 3.4, Land reforms, pages 32-33 | publisher = Development & Planning Department, Government of West Bengal, 2009 | access-date = 7 August 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161005044029/http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/24%20pgsSouth/s24prg_main.htm | archive-date = 5 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Following [[Land reform in India|land reforms]] land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in Krishnanagar II CD Block could be classified as follows: [[bargadar]]s 5.72%, patta (document) holders 9.33%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 8.39%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 36.38% and agricultural labourers 40.19%.<ref name=handbook2014/> As the proportion of agricultural labourers is very high, the real wage in the agricultural sector has been a matter of concern.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbplan.gov.in/HumanDev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | title = District Human Development Report, Nadia | work = Pages 71-72, published in 2012, Infrastructure development across the district | publisher = Department of Planning, Government of West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160316112838/http://wbplan.gov.in/humandev/DHDR/DHDR%20Nadia.pdf | archive-date = 16 March 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Krishnanagar II CD Block had 82 fertiliser depots, 12 seed stores and 32 [[Public distribution system|fair price shops]] in 2013–14.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, Krishnanagar II CD Block produced 9,064 tonnes of [[Rice#Ecotypes and cultivars|Aman paddy]], the main winter crop from 3,426 hectares, 12,906 tonnes of Boro paddy (spring crop) from 3,265 hectares, 6,062 tonnes of Aus paddy (summer crop) from 2,586 hectares, 3,764 tonnes of wheat from 1,070 hectares, 69,714 tonnes of jute from 4,172 hectares, 9,783 tonnes of potatoes from 325 hectares and 2,005 tonnes of sugar cane from 20 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.<ref name=handbook2014/>

In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in Krishnanagar II CD Block was 1,071 hectares, out of which 764 hectares were irrigated by river lift irrigation, 300 hectares by deep tube wells and 7 hectares by shallow tube wells.<ref name=handbook2014/>

===Banking===
In 2013–14, Krishnanagar II CD Block had offices of 4 commercial banks and 2 [[Regional Rural Bank|gramin banks]].<ref name=handbook2014/>

==Transport==
Krihnanagar II CD Block has 3 ferry services and 5 originating/ terminating bus services.<ref name=handbook2014/>

The [[Lalgola and Gede branch lines|Ranaghat-Lalgola branch line]] was opened in 1905. It passes through this CD Block.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.irfca.org/docs/history/murshidabad.html |title = Murshidabad District (1914) |last= L.S.S.O’Malley | publisher= [[IRFCA]]| access-date = 24 February 2016}}</ref>

[[National Highway 12 (India)|NH 12]] (old number NH 34) passes through this block.<ref name="renumber">{{cite web|url=http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|title=Rationalisation of Numbering Systems of National Highways|publisher=[[Department of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=10 February 2017|location=New Delhi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201124738/http://dorth.gov.in/writereaddata/sublinkimages/finaldoc6143316640.pdf|archive-date=1 February 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
In 2013–14, Krishnanagar II CD Block had 76 primary schools with 6,641 students, 10 middle schools with 1,440 students, 2 high school with 1,476 students and 10 higher secondary schools with 14,276 students. Krishnanagar II CD Block had 1 technical/ professional institutions with 100 students and 207 institutions for special and non-formal education with 8,285 students<ref name=handbook2014/>

In Krishnanagar II CD Block, amongst the 44 inhabited villages, 2 villages did not have any school, 30 had more than 1 primary school, 20 had at least 1 primary and 7 middle school and 16 had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1910_PART_A_DCHB_NADIA.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Nadia, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 591, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 4 May 2017}}</ref>

==Healthcare==
In 2014, Krishnanagar II CD Block had 1 hospital, 1 block primary health centre and 2 [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] with total 540 beds and 5 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 19 family welfare subcentres. 2,600 patients were treated indoor and 220,191 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.<ref name=handbook2014/>

Dhubulia Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at [[Dhubulia]], is the major government medical facility in the Krishnanagr II CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Noapara (with 10 beds) and Belpur (with 6 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | access-date =3 October 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 October 2020 | archive-date = 21 April 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Dr. B.C.Roy Chest Sanatorium at [[Dhubulia]] functions with 1,000 beds.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics - Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 October 2020 | archive-date = 14 September 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200914160418/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/Hospitals.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Krishnanagar II CD Block is one of the areas of Nadia district where ground water is affected by moderate level of [[Arsenic contamination of groundwater|arsenic contamination]]. The [[World Health Organization|WHO]] guideline for arsenic in drinking water is 10 mg/ litre, and the Indian Standard value is 50 mg/ litre. All the 17 blocks of Nadia district have arsenic contamination above this level. The maximum concentration in Krishnanagar II CD Block is 104 mg/litre.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb3.htm| title = Groundwater Arsenic contamination in West Bengal-India (20 years study )| publisher = SOES| work = Nadia| access-date = 6 May 2017| archive-date = 10 May 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170510002934/http://www.soesju.org/arsenic/wb3.htm| url-status = dead}}</ref>

==External links==
{{Wikivoyage-inline|Krishnanagar}}

==References==
{{reflist|3}}

{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}
{{Nadia topics}}

[[Category:Community development blocks in Nadia district]]

Gariyoshi

2025-06-24T11:25:13Z

LavernChitwood1: fix details additionally and added references based on references

{{Short description|Assamese language magazine}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title = Gariyoshi
| image_file =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| editor = [[Rita Chowdhury]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/culture-society/regional-literature-needs-quality-translators-assamese-writer-rita-chowdhury-weekender_story-201835|title=Regional Literature Needs Quality Translators: Assam Poet Rita Chowdhury|date=9 November 2022|work=Outlook India|accessdate=9 November 2022}}</ref>
| editor_title = Editor
| previous_editor = Late [[Chandra Prasad Saikia]], [[Harekrishna Deka]] Late [[Lakshmi Nandan Bora]]
| frequency = Monthly
| circulation =
| category = [[Literary Magazine]]
| company =Sahitya-Prakash
| founded = 1994
| country = India
| based = Tribune Buildings, [[Guwahati]], Assam
| language = [[Assamese language|Assamese]]
| website =
| ISSN = 2349-5324
}}
'''''Gariyoshi''''' is an [[Assamese language]] monthly [[literary magazine]] published by the Sahitya-Prakash, Tribune Building, [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2010-09-15 |title=Assamese language has no reason to fear for its future: Deka |url=https://assamtribune.com/assamese-language-has-no-reason-to-fear-for-its-future-deka |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=assamtribune.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
It was founded by [[Chandra Prasad Saikia]], who was also the first editor.<ref name="AT – Awards">{{cite news|url=http://www.assamtimes.org/social/3284.html|title=Gariyoshi – Chandra Prasad Saikia short story competition awards presented|date=9 August 2009|work=Assam Times|accessdate=5 December 2009|archive-date=27 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727022629/http://www.assamtimes.org/social/3284.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The magazine is published monthly. ''Goriyoshi'' is instrumental in nurturing and projecting several talented short story writers and poets including Dhanada Debi, Jayanta Kumar Chakraborty, Arnab Jan Deka, Manikuntala Bhattacharya, Birinchi Kumar Rabha, Jiban Narah, Neelim Kumar and others.<ref>https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/worth-his-words-in-goldpersonality-chandra-prasad-saikia/cid/1546031</ref> The magazine also collaborated with the Katha International Short Story Festival in 2004 in creating the All-India Katha-Goriyoshi Awards for best Assamese short stories. Dhrubajyoti Sarma, Arnab Jan Deka and Ratna Bharali Talukdar were the recipients of those awards, whose short stories were translated into English and read over in the presence of an international galaxy of story writers and literary critics at Katha International Short Story Festival 2004.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/details.asp?id=aug0707/at09|title=Awards ceremony|date=7 August 2007|publisher=The Assam Tribune|accessdate=5 December 2009}}{{Dead link|date=May 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1994 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Assamese literature]]
[[Category:Literary magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1994]]
[[Category:Monthly magazines published in India]]
[[Category:Assamese-language magazines]]

{{India-lit-mag-stub}}

Nayika No.1

2025-05-09T13:02:06Z

LavernChitwood1:

{{Short description|2023 Indian drama serial}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption =
| alt_name =
| genre = [[Drama]] [[Comedy]] [[Romance (love)|Romance]]
| creator = [[Blues Productions]]
| based_on =
| developer =
| story = Snehashish Chakraborty '''Dialogues''' Snehashish Chakraborty
| director = Argha Paik
| creative_director =
| presenter =
| starring = Ritobrota Dey Indranil Chatterjee
| judges =
| voices =
| narrated =
| theme_music_composer =
| opentheme =
| endtheme =
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Bengali
| num_seasons =
| num_episodes = 272
| list_episodes =
| executive_producer =
| producer = Snehashish Chakraborty
| editor =
| location = [[Kolkata]]
| cinematography =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 20 minutes
| company = [[Blues Productions]]
| network = [[Colors Bangla]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2023|03|06}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2023|12|02}}
}}

'''''Nayika No.1''''' is a 2023 Indian [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[Drama]] television series that released on 6 March 2023 on [[Colors Bangla]]. The series is produced under the banner of [[Blues Productions]]. It stars Ritobrota Dey and Indranil Chatterjee in lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/nayika-no-1-new-bangla-serial-ritobrota-dey-of-kanyadaan-fame-plays-te-lead-role-nayika-no-1-to-tell-story-of-a-junior-artist-who-dreams-of-becoming-number-one-heroine-soc-506574-2023-02-02|title=Nayika No 1: জুনিয়র আর্টিস্টের গল্প এবার ছোট পর্দায়, 'নায়িকা নম্বর ১' হতে পারবেন ঋতব্রতা?|website=Aajtak Bangla}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/nayika-no-1-completes-100-episodes/articleshow/100958422.cms|title=Nayika No. 1' completes 100 episodes|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://bangla.aajtak.in/cinema-and-tv-serial-news/television/story/ritobrota-dey-to-pair-with-indranil-chatterjee-in-nayika-no-1-bangla-serial-tells-the-story-of-junior-artist-bengali-television-news-soc-511236-2023-02-11|title=Ritobrota- Indranil: ইন্দ্রনীলের প্রেমিকা হবেন ঋতব্রতা, বাস্তবে নায়িকা হওয়ার স্বপ্নপূরণ হবে শিলার?|website=Aajtak Bangla}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/upcoming-daily-soap-nayika-no-1-to-narrate-the-story-of-a-junior-artist-and-her-dreams/articleshow/97573921.cms|title=Upcoming daily soap ‘Nayika No. 1’ to narrate the story of a junior artist and her dreams|website=The Times of India}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/snehasish-chakraborty-on-his-new-show-nayika-no-1-says-the-life-of-a-junior-artist-is-never-easy-and-i-have-seen-it-closely/articleshow/98361605.cms|title=Snehasish Chakraborty on his new show Nayika No 1, says 'the life of a junior artist is never easy and I have seen it closely'|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Cast==
===Main===
* Ritobrota Dey as Sheetala Sikder aka Shila
* [[Indranil Chatterjee]] as Suddho Sen

===Recurring===
* Chandni Saha as Pratikka
* Indrakshi Dey as Shinjini Roy
* [[Somasree Chaki]] as Shila's mother
* Asim Mukhopadhyay as Shila's father
* Debarati Paul as Shila's sister
* [[Supriyo Dutta]] as Bijoy Sen: Suddho's father
* [[Sutapa Banerjee]] as Suddho's mother
* Rajib Banerjee as Suddho's uncle
* Judhajit Banerjee as Suddho's uncle
* Reshmi Bhattacharya as Suddho's aunt
* Arpita Dutta Chowdhury as Suddho's aunt
* [[Soma Dey]] as Labhonyo Prova Sen
* Roshni Ghosh as Tithir
* Shobhana Bhunia as Pallabi
* Payel Sarkar as Sneha
* Nandini Roy as Purba
* [[Debolina Dutta]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/bengali/actress-debleena-dutt-joins-the-cast-of-nayika-no-1/articleshow/100492600.cms|title=Actress Debleena Dutt joins the cast of 'Nayika No. 1'|website=The Times of India}}</ref> as Vidhyamoni
* Debjoy Mallick as Monti sen
* Mohua Halder as Ranjita
* Shubo Yash as Vijay
* Oshni Das as Monica Sen
* [[Joy Badlani]] as Film director
* Sourav Banerjee as Gajendra
* [[Brinda Mukherjee]] as Chaya
* Srabanti Mukherjee as Junior artist.
* [[Malobika Sen]] as Malobika Sen
* [[Meghna Halder]] as Megh Chowdhury
* Maadhurima Chakraborty as Diksha
* Sreetama Baidya as Sreetama

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bengali-language television programming in India]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Colors Bangla original programming]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Kolkata]]

Pushpdan Shambhudan Gadhavi

2025-04-21T09:49:20Z

LavernChitwood1: correct details per sources

#REDIRECT [[Pushpdan Gadhavi]]

{{Redirect category shell|
{{R from move}}
}}

Karthika Jagadeeswaran

2025-03-29T13:11:16Z

LavernChitwood1: Entry

{{Short description|Indian speed skater}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Karthika Jagadeeswaran
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| fullname =
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| country =
| sport = [[Roller sports]]
| event =
| pb =
| club =
| coach =
| alma_mater =
| retired =
| olympics =
| highestranking =
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Roller sports at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Roller speed skating at the 2022 Asian Games – Women's 3000 metres relay|Women's Speed skating 3,000 m relay]]}}
}}

'''Karthika Jagadeeswaran''' is an Indian [[Inline speed skating|speed skating]] track athlete.<ref>{{cite news|title=Asian Games 2023 Day 9 All Sports Events Live Updates From Hangzhou China|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=2 October 2023|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/live-updates-of-asian-games-2023-day-9-archery-athletics-equestrian-badminton-hockey-cricket/liveblog/104095060.cms|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref> She won a bronze medal in the [[Roller sports at the 2022 Asian Games|women's 3000m relay]] event at the [[2022 Asian Games]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/ROL/AG2022-_ROL_C92B_ROLWRELAY-------------------------.pdf|title=Asian Games Results|publisher=Asian Games, Hangzhou 2022|date=2 October 2023|access-date=2 October 2023|archive-date=2 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002082912/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/resAG2022-/pdf/AG2022-/ROL/AG2022-_ROL_C92B_ROLWRELAY-------------------------.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Nag|first=Utathya|title=Asian Games 2023 roller skating: India win bronze medals in speed skating relays|website=Olympics.com|date=2 October 2023|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/asian-games-2023-hangzhou-roller-skating-india-results-medal-october-2|access-date=2 October 2023}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jagadeeswaran, Karthika}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female speed skaters]]
[[Category:Asian Games medalists in roller sports]]
[[Category:Roller skaters at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games bronze medalists for India]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2022 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-sport-bio-stub}}
{{speedskating-bio-stub}}

Preshya yoga

2025-03-19T10:01:50Z

LavernChitwood1: Added the post with sources

{{Short description|Malefic Hindu planetary combination}}
{{astrology}}
'''Preṣya yoga''' ([[Sanskrit]]: प्रेष्य योग) is a [[Hindu_astrology#Yogas_–_planetary_combinations|planetary combination]] in Hindu astrology. A person born with ''preshya yoga'' is poor, unhappy and uneducated. He hears harsh words from others and works in slavery throughout his life.<ref>{{cite book|title=Practical Palmistry|author=Narayan Dutt Shrimali|date=June 2012|publisher=S. Publishers|page=272|isbn=9789381384350|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ni5vDSZKCKoC&q=Preshya&pg=PA272 }}</ref>

The term comes from the Sanskrit word ''preṣya'' which means "servant."<ref>{{cite book|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|author=Theodor Benfey|year=1998|publisher=Asian Educational Services|page=619|isbn=9788120603707|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=JYoxtJZvg4EC&q=Preshya&pg=PA619 }}</ref>

==Vedic usage==

In [[Aitareya Brahmana]], the term ''preṣya '' occurs in the sense of a menial servant, Śudra or a slave employed for being sent on an errand. In [[Pali]] texts of [[Buddhists]], ''preṣya'' is referred to in its prakritic forms – ''pessa'' or ''pesiya'' - meaning a messenger or a servant in general. However, in early literature there is hardly any elucidation regarding the nature of job, their person, or mode of dressing etc., that is available.<ref>{{cite book|title=Royal Attendants in Ancient Indian Literature, Epigraphy and Art|author=S.P.Tiwari|year=1987|publisher=Agam Kala Prakashan|pages=91, 92|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=b74tAAAAMAAJ&q=Preshya }}</ref> Bharuchi (600-650 A.D.) in his commentary on [[Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]] states that ''preṣya'' were a servile class different from the four types of slaves.<ref>{{cite book|title=Dimensions in Indian History|year=2005|publisher=Anamika Pub|page=59|isbn=9788179750933|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=_lHBLUSsdnUC&q=Preshya&pg=PA59 }}</ref>

Bhattoji Dikshita states (Siddhahta Haumadi Ch.XIV.621) :

:प्रेष्यब्रुवोर्हविषो देवतसंप्रदाने

that "the object of the verb ''preṣya'' and ''bruhi'' (imperative singular of ''Divadi'' verb, meaning send or utter) denoting sacrifial food, takes the sixth case-affix, when making offerings to deity is meant or when the deity is the recipient " ([[Shatapatha Brahmana]] I.5.3.8).<ref>{{cite book|title=The Siddhanta Haumadi of Bhattoji Dikshita|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=370|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=DyvgvoZ4EE8C&q=Preshya&pg=PA370 }}</ref> [[Valmiki]] states ([[Ramayana]] Sundar Kanda 39.39):

:अहं तावदिह प्राप्तः किं पुनस्ते महाबल |
:नहि प्रकृष्टाः प्रेष्यन्ते प्र्ष्यन्ते हीतरे जनाः ||

that honourable people are never asked to work as ''preṣyas''.

==Usage in Hindu astrology==

Mahadeva tells us that a) if the lord of the 10th house is weak and associated with ''papagrahas'' ('dire malefics') or b) if [[Mercury (astrology)|Mercury]] combining with either [[Jupiter (astrology)|Jupiter]] or [[Venus (astrology)|Venus]] is in a ''trika-bhava'' (the 6th,8th or 12th from the ''[[lagna]]'') or c) if the 10th house receives the aspects of many ''papagrahas'', or d) if the lord of the 10th house is relegated to an evil ''bhava'', then the person is inept and inefficient. He also states that if the 12th house from the ''lagna'' is heavily afflicted by ''papagrahas'' the person will suffer loss of wealth repeatedly, and that in case the ''lagna'' or the 2nd house or the 11th house and their respective lords are afflicted while placed in cruel [[shashtiamsa]]s in evil ''bhavas'' then one suffers want of wealth throughout life and contracts debts.<ref>{{cite book|title=Jataka Tattva (With translation and commentary by Dr. Suresh Chandra Misra)|author=Mahadeva|publisher=Ranjan Publications|page=iii|url=http://www.vedicsolutions.in/BookStore/BookDetail.asp?cnt=67&pid=RANJAN_H21&name=Jataka%20Tatvam&search=&value=&criteria=&qc=|access-date=2014-08-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044531/http://www.vedicsolutions.in/BookStore/BookDetail.asp?cnt=67&pid=RANJAN_H21&name=Jataka%20Tatvam&search=&value=&criteria=&qc=|archive-date=2014-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> These [[Yoga (Hindu astrology)|yoga]]s indicate penury but are not ''preṣya yogas''.

In Chapter VI of his [[Jataka Parijata]], [[Vaidyanatha Dikshita]] provides the following ''preṣya yogas'' leading to servitude:-
:1) If the [[Sun (astrology)|Sun]] is in the 10th house from the ''lagna'', the [[Moon (astrology)|Moon]] occupies the 7th, Mars the 3rd and Jupiter is in the 2nd house, one serves others at night-time.
:2) If a fixed sign ([[Scorpio (astrology)|Scorpio]] or [[Aquarius (astrology)|Aquarius]]) rises in the ''lagna'', Jupiter owns the 2nd house and occupies the 8th, Venus is in the 9th and the Moon in the 7th, then one serves others.
:3) If the night-time birth is in a moveable sign and the lord of the ''lagna'' is in ''Riksha-sandhi'' and ''papagrahas'' occupy the ''kendras'', one serves others.
:4) If the day-time birth is in a fixed sign and [[Saturn (astrology)|Saturn]], the Moon, Jupiter and Venus are in ''rasi-sandhi'' or if a person is born during ''Krishna-paksha'' night-time, Venus is in the ''lagna'', the Moon even if in ''Uttama-[[Varga (astrology)|varga]]s'' is not in a ''kendra'' and Jupiter in ''Airavatansh'' is in ''rasi-sandhi'', one serves others.
:5) If [[Mars (astrology)|Mars]], Jupiter and the Sun situated in the 3rd, 4th and the 10th ''bhavas'' in ''bhava-sandhi'' or ''rasi-sandhi'', the Moon though in a benefic sign is in an evil [[Navamsa (astrology)|navamsa]] and Jupiter combines with the lord of the ''lagna'', one serves others
:6) If Jupiter is in a ''trika-bhava'' in [[Capricorn (astrology)|Capricorn]] sign and the Moon occupies the 4th house, one serves others.
He states:

:पापात्मा कलहप्रियः कथिन्वाग् भुदेवतादूषको विद्याभाग्यविहीन दुष्टरसिको मात्सर्यकोपान्वितः |
:मिथ्यावादविनोदवञ्चनरतः शिश्नोदरे तत्परः कारुण्यास्थिरमाननभङ्गिचतुरो योगे परप्रेष्यके ||

:"The person born with ''preṣya yoga'' will be evil-minded, quarrelsome, harsh in speech, disrespectful, unfortunate, a favourite of evil persons, envious, evil-tempered, liar, deceiver, selfish, fraudulent and frequently insulted by others."<ref>{{cite book|title=Jatakaparijata (With translation and commentary by Gopesh Kumar Ojha)|author=Vaidyanatha|year=2008|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|pages=373–376|isbn=9788120822641|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=V2BoM8wCrq8C&q=Jataka+Parijata+Motilal+Banarsidass }}</ref>

==Significance==

Vaidyanatha Dikshita explains that there are ''yogas'' that indicate cancellation of ''[[Raja yoga (Hindu astrology)|Raja Yogas]]'', there are the ''Reka Yogas'' which are ''[[Daridra yogas (Hindu astrology)|Daridra Yogas]]'' when a person though wealthy leads a slovenly life, and there are the ''preṣya yogas'' whose presence makes one lead a lowly life throughout one's life-time as a menial or a slave ([[Jataka Parijata]] VI.1).<ref>{{cite book|title=Jatakaparijata (With translation and commentary by Gopesh Kumar Ojha)|author=Vaidyanatha|year=2008|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=343|isbn=9788120822641|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=V2BoM8wCrq8C&q=Jataka+Parijata+Motilal+Banarsidass }}</ref> The presence of these ''ashubha yogas'' along with other evil ''yogas'' produce very bad results; if occurring with ''Paisacha Yoga'' serious mental illness or derangement is bound to result.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Art of Prediction in Astrology|author=Gayatri Devi Vasudev|year=2008|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|page=39|isbn=9788120832299|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=HjGSHKl8fKwC&q=preshya+yoga&pg=PA39 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Jyotish Vidya|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Vedas]]
[[Category:Yogas]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]

Vincent Barwa

2024-10-18T15:53:26Z

LavernChitwood1: Created initial stub more to come

{{Short description|Roman Catholic Bishop of Simdega Diocese}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific_prefix = [[The Most Reverend]]
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| diocese = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega]]
| nationality = [[India|Indian]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholic]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age |1953|10|18|df=y}}
| ordination = 2 May 1984
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega|Bishop of Simdega]]
| predecessor = [[Joseph Minj]]
}}
'''Vincent Barwa''' (born October 18, 1953) is an Indian prelate of the [[Catholic Church]] who serves as the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Simdega|Bishop of Simdega]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop of Simdega Diocese Vincent Barwa {{!}} UCA News |url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/bishops/bishop-barwa/191 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diocese of Simdega, India |url=http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/simd0.htm |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=GCatholic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop Vincent Barwa transferred to Simdega diocese |url=https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2008/02/11/bishop_vincent_barwa_transferred_to_simdega_diocese_/in2-185897 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.archivioradiovaticana.va}}</ref> from 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop Vincent Barwa [Catholic-Hierarchy] |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bbarwa.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bishop Vincent Barwa 39 s 25th Episcopal Jubilee Celebration Today |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/simdega/story-bishop-vincent-barwa-39-s-25th-episcopal-jubilee-celebration-today-8966252.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mass worship was conducted under the leadership of Bishop Vincent Barwa |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/simdega/story-mass-worship-was-conducted-under-the-leadership-of-bishop-vincent-barwa-9020887.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The church of Simdega Dharma is always dynamic: Bishop Vincent Barwa |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/simdega/story-the-church-of-simdega-dharma-is-always-dynamic-vishp-vincent-barwa-1973359.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Bishop Vincent Barwa was born on October 18, 1953 in a small village of Rengairh, Simdega district of Jharkhand state. He was ordained priest on may 2, 1984, and was ordained Bishop on November 8, 1998. On September 9, 2004, [[Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul ll]] appointed him auxiliary Bishop of Ranchi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INDIA - Bishop Vincent Barwa appointed Auxiliary of Ranchi - Agenzia Fides |url=http://www.fides.org/en/news/3172-INDIA_Bishop_Vincent_Barwa_appointed_Auxiliary_of_Ranchi |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=www.fides.org}}</ref> [[Pope Benedict XVI]] nominated him Bishop of Simdega on February 11, 2008.

== See also ==
* [[List of Catholic bishops of India|List of Catholic Bishops of India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barwa, Vincent}}
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in India]]
[[Category:People from Simdega district]]
{{India-RC-bishop-stub}}