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Phulambri Assembly constituency

2026-05-06T22:16:55Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Adding initial article nd citations - done

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Phulambri
| map_image = 106-Phulambri.svg
| map_caption =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district = [[Aurangabad District, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jalna (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jalna]]
| mla = [[Anuradha Atul Chavan|Anuradha Chavan]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| constituency_no = 106
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| type = SLA
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| preceded_by =
| electors = 371,047
}}
'''Phulambri Assembly constituency''' is one of the 288 [[Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha|Vidhan Sabha]] (legislative assembly) constituencies of [[Maharashtra]] state in western [[India]].<ref name=ceo>{{cite web|url=http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|title=District wise List of Assembly and Parliamentary Constituencies|publisher=Chief Electoral Officer, Maharashtra website|accessdate=3 November 2010|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100318055304/http://ceo.maharashtra.gov.in/acs.php|archivedate=18 March 2010}}</ref>

==Overview==
Phulambri is part of [[Jalna Lok Sabha constituency]] along with five other Vidhan Sabha segments, namely [[Badnapur Assembly constituency|Badnapur]], [[Jalna Assembly constituency|Jalna]] and [[Bhokardan Assembly constituency|Bhokardan]] in [[Jalna district]] and [[Sillod Assembly constituency|Sillod]] and [[Paithan Assembly constituency|Paithan]] in [[Aurangabad district, Maharashtra|Aurangabad district]].<ref name=ceo/>

==Members of the Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| bgcolor="#BB8ED0" | [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election|1952]] || Manikchand Kawalchand Pahade || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2009]] || [[Kalyan Kale|Dr. Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]]
|-
| [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2014]] || rowspan="2" | [[Haribhau Bagade]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2019]]
|-
| [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2024]] || [[Anuradha Chavan]]
|}

==Election results==
=== Assembly Election 2024 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2024 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Phulambri }}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anuradha Chavan]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 135,046 |percentage = 50.25% |change = {{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Autade Vilas Keshavrao |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 102,545 |percentage = 38.16% |change = {{decrease}}1.93 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Ramesh Devidas Pawar |party = Independent politician |votes = 13,010 |percentage = 4.84% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mahesh Kalyanrao Ninale |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 6,170 |percentage = 2.30% |change = {{decrease}}4.43 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 936 |percentage = 0.35% |change = {{decrease}}0.22 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 32,501 |percentage = 12.09% |change = {{increase}}5.35 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 269,665 |percentage = 72.68% |change = {{increase}}2.77 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 268,729}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 371,047 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.70 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}3.42 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2019 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Phulambri <ref name="election2019">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2019 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Haribhau Bagade]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 106,190 |percentage = 46.83% |change = {{increase}}11.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kalyan Kale|Dr. Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 90,916 |percentage = 40.09% |change = {{increase}}6.63 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Jagannath Kachruji Rithe |party = Vanchit Bahujan Aaghadi |votes = 15,252 |percentage = 6.73% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Vikas Ravsaheb Dandge |party = Independent politician |votes = 5,327 |percentage = 2.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Sudhakar Vishvnath Shinde |party = Prahar Janshakti Party |votes = 2,518 |percentage = 1.11% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Amar Suresh Deshmukh |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,627 |percentage = 0.72% |change = {{decrease}}0.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,301 |percentage = 0.57% |change = {{decrease}}0.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 15,274 |percentage = 6.74% |change = {{increase}}5.01 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 228,162 |percentage = 69.91% |change = {{decrease}}3.16 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 226,753}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 326,352 |ref = |change = {{increase}}13.57 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |swing = {{increase}}11.63 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2014 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2014 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Phulambri <ref name="election2014">{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11699-maharashtra-legislative-assembly-election-2014/ |title=Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Election, 2014 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 2 February 2022 |url-access=limited}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Haribhau Bagade]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 73,294 |percentage = 35.20% |change = {{decrease}}1.36 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kalyan Kale|Dr. Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 69,683 |percentage = 33.46% |change = {{decrease}}4.66 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Anuradha Chavan]] |party = Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 31,959 |percentage = 15.35% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Thombre Rajendra Gangadhar |party = Shiv Sena |votes = 17,546 |percentage = 8.43% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Dahihande Ramesh Gangadhar |party = Independent politician |votes = 6,502 |percentage = 3.12% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Salve Vinod Ambadas |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,220 |percentage = 2.03% |change = {{decrease}}0.83 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskar Jagnanath Gadekar |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 1,752 |percentage = 0.84% |change = {{decrease}}6.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = None of the above |party = None of the above |votes = 1,661 |percentage = 0.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,611 |percentage = 1.73% |change = {{increase}}0.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 209,973 |percentage = 73.07% |change = {{increase}}6.59 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 208,235}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 287,355 |ref = |change = {{increase}}15.15 }}
{{Election box gain |winner = Bharatiya Janata Party |loser = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}2.92 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2009 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[2009 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Phulambri <ref>{{cite web|publisher= Chief Eletoral Officer, [[Maharashtra]]|title=General Elections to State Legislative Assembly 2009 |url=https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-url= http://web.archive.org/web/20240708005931/https://ceoelection.maharashtra.gov.in/pdff/vidhanresult.pdf|archive-date=8 July 2024|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = [[Kalyan Kale|Dr. Kalyan Vaijinathrao Kale]] |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 63,236 |percentage = 38.12% |change = {{decrease}}12.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = [[Haribhau Bagade]] |party = Bharatiya Janata Party |votes = 60,649 |percentage = 36.56% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Suhas Trimbakrao Shirsath |party = Independent politician |votes = 15,712 |percentage = 9.47% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Bhaskar Jagnanath Gadekar |party = Maharashtra Navnirman Sena |votes = 11,979 |percentage = 7.22% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Mirza Nisar Baig |party = Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 4,737 |percentage = 2.86% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Gaikawad Ramesh Laxman |party = Republican Party of India (Democratic) |votes = 1,899 |percentage = 1.14% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Shaikh Tayyab Fakira. P |party = All India United Democratic Front |votes = 1,584 |percentage = 0.95% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tandale Santosh Manjaram |party = Swatantra Bharat Paksha |votes = 1,496 |percentage = 0.90% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 2,587 |percentage = 1.56% |change = {{decrease}}0.03 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 165,883 |percentage = 66.48% |change = {{increase}}38.69 }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 165,868}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 249,538 |ref = |change = {{increase}}497.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = {{decrease}}12.68 }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 1952 ===
{{Election box begin |title = [[1952 Hyderabad State Legislative Assembly election]] : Phulmarri <ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1951 to the Legislative Assembly of Hyderabad |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160606161433/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1951/StatRep_51_HBD.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate = Manikchand Kawalchand Pahade |party = Indian National Congress |votes = 5,892 |percentage = 50.80% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate = Tukaram Laxman |party = People's Democratic Front (Hyderabad) |votes = 5,707 |percentage = 49.20% |change = ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 185 |percentage = 1.59% |change = }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 11,599 |percentage = 27.79% |change = }}
{{Election box total valid |votes= 11,599}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 41,734 |ref = |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Indian National Congress |swing = }}
{{Election box end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coord|20.08|75.42|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Aurangabad district, Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Tulaji Angre

2026-05-05T14:40:29Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made a details basic info

{{Short description|Maratha admiral}}
{{Cleanup rewrite|date=March 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox military person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Tulaji Angre
| honorific_suffix = Sarkhel
| image = Tulaji Angre.png
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Sketch of Tulaji Angre
| birth_name =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Colaba, [[Colaba State]], [[Maratha Confederacy]] (modern day [[Alibag]], [[Maharashtra]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{death year|1786}}
| death_place = [[Solapur]], [[Maratha Confederacy]]
| burial_place =
| allegiance = [[Maratha Confederacy]]
*[[Colaba State]]
| branch = [[Maratha Navy]]
| branch_label = Service
| service_years = 1743–1754<ref name="pirate">{{cite book |title=Pirates, Polities, and Companies |pages=35 |url=https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/27888/}}</ref>
| service_years_label =
| rank = Sarkhel (Admiral)
| rank_label =
| service_number =
| unit = Colaba's fleet
| commands = Ruler of [[Colaba State]] Grand Admiral of [[Maratha Navy]]
| battles = [[Battle of Vijaydurg]]
| spouse =
| children =
| relations = [[Kanhoji Angre]] (father)<ref name="angrey"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Sharma |first1=Yogesh |title=Coastal Histories: Society and Ecology in Pre-modern India |date=2010 |publisher=Primus Books |isbn=978-93-80607-00-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FTTGWSme30YC&q=tulaji+angre&pg=PA66 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="sah">{{cite book |title=Tulaji Angre Ek Vijaydurg - तुळाजी आंग्रे एक विजयदुर्ग By Prof. S. S. Puranik – Buy Marathi Books Online At Sahyadri Books, Tulaji Angre |url=https://sahyadribooks.com/tulaji-angre-ek-vijaydurg/}}</ref> Lakshmibai [[Jagtap]] (mother)<ref name="down">{{cite book |title=Downfall of Angre's Navy, Or, A Contemporary Narrative of the Siege of Gheria (Vijayadurga) |date=1967 |publisher=Mumbai Marathi Granthsangrahalaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=410_AAAAMAAJ&q=Yesaji+Angre |language=en}}</ref> Manaji Angre (brother) Sekhoji Angre (half-brother) Sambhaji Angre (half-brother) Dhondji Angre (half-brother) [[Yesaji Angre]](half-brother)
}}
[[File:Handwriting of Tulaji Angre.jpg|thumb|Handwriting of Tulaji Angre]]
'''Tulaji Angre''', called '''Tulajee Angria''' by English historians was the grand admiral of the [[Maratha Navy]] and ruler of [[Colaba State]] in modern-day [[India]]. Similar to his famous father [[Kanhoji Angre]], he too was an extremely skilled admiral and attacked several European trading ships. His achievements and naval prowess are considered to be greater than that of his father by some scholars and chroniclers.<ref name="hamai"/><ref name="pi"/><ref name="mh"/> On various occasions he fought against the [[East India Company|English]], [[Dutch East India Company|Dutch]], [[Janjira State|Siddis]] And [[Portuguese India|Portuguese]] maritime Powers. However, he alienated himself from the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] [[Peshwa]], [[Balaji Baji Rao]] which led to his capture by the [[East India Company]] and [[Peshwa]]'s forces at the [[Battle of Vijaydurg]] in 1756.<ref name="battle">Naravane, M. S.; Battles of the Honorary East India Company: Making of the Raj, op cit page 103, New Delhi, 2006</ref><ref name="sah"/><ref name="ma"/>

==Early life==
Tulaji Angre was born to [[Kanhoji Angre]] by his second wife Lakshmibai of the [[Jagtap]] family.<ref name="down"/> Manaji was his sibling, Sekhoji and Sambhaji, the elder sons of [[Kanhoji Angre|Kanhoji]] from Rajubai of [[Mahadik]] family and junior sons- Dhondji, and [[Yesaji Angre|Yesaji]] from Gahinabai of the [[Bhonsle]] family, were his half brothers.<ref name="down"/>

==Career==
In 1713, the [[Suvarnadurg]] fort, which had once been under the command of [[Kanhoji Angre]], was formally handed over to Tulaji by [[Shahu I]] and became a major base for piracy by the Angre family in the coming years. Tulaji and his brother Manaji started competing for the post of sarkhel (admiral) of the [[Maratha Navy]]. Manajai was supported by the [[Peshwa]] (prime minister) [[Balaji Baji Rao]] while the former was supported by the [[Chhatrapati|Maratha monarch]] [[Shahu I]].<ref name="pi"/><ref name="sah"/> This created two spheres of influence, Manaji in the north at [[Colaba]] and Tulaji in the south at [[Vijaydurg Fort|Vijaydurg]].<ref name="battle"/><ref name="mh"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Naravane |first1=M. S. |title=The Heritage Sites of Maritime Maharashtra |date=2001 |publisher=Maritime History Society |isbn=978-81-901000-2-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSRuAAAAMAAJ&q=Angre+family+kulaba |language=en}}</ref>

Tulaji's elder step-brother Sambhaji Angre died in 1742. In 1743, Tulaji succeeded his brother Sambhaji Angre as sarkhel of the [[Maratha Navy]] through the support of the [[Chhatrapati|Maratha monarch]] [[Shahu I]], who recognized Tulaji's talent and skill at seafaring. In addition, Tulaji also became ruler of the [[Colaba State]].

In 1749, Tulaji attacked [[Sir William James, 1st Baronet|Commodore James]]' fleet, and after a fierce battle he retreated to [[Vijaydurg Fort|Gheria]]. Next year, in spite of his defeat, Tulaji attacked [[William Lisle (Royal Navy officer)|Commodore Lisle]] in command of a fleet of several ships, including HMS Vigilant, 64 guns, and [[HMS Ruby (1708)|HMS Ruby]], 50 guns.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Milburn |first1=William |title=Oriental Commerce: Containing a Geographical Description of the Principal Places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, with Their Produce, Manufactures, and Trade, Including the Coasting Or Country Trade from Port to Port :also the Rise and Progress of the Trade of the Various European Nations with the Eastern World, Particularly that of the English East India Company from the Discovery of the Passage Round the Cape of Good Hope to the Present Period :with an Account of the Company's Establishments, Revenues, Debts, Assets, and C. at Home and Abroad [...]. |date=1813 |publisher=author and published |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ee84AQAAMAAJ&q=Milburn%27s+Oriental+Commerce,+I |language=en}}</ref> Again, in February 1754, he attacked three Dutch ships of fifty, thirty-six, and eighteen guns, burnt the two large ones, and took the third. The power of Tulajii Angre was so great that it cost the [[East India Company]] Rs. 5,00000 a year to protect their trade.<ref name="maratha">{{cite web |title=The Gazetteers Department – KOLABA |url=http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/his_maratha_period.html |date=1 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001021112/http://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/KOLABA/his_maratha_period.html |archive-date=2013-10-01 }}{{PD-notice}}</ref>

By 1749, Tulaji had become so powerful that his ships navigated the coast from [[Cutch State|Cutch]] to [[Kingdom of Cochin|Cochin]] fearlessly, without any power including the [[East India Company]] hindering their journey, considered even bolder than what his father Kanhoji had achieved.<ref name="hamai">{{cite web |title=The Gazetteers Department – RATNAGIRI |url=http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Harnai.html |date=14 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080114041058/http://maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Harnai.html |archive-date=2008-01-14 }}</ref><ref name="pi">{{cite book |last1=Saletore |first1=Rajaram Narayan |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&q=Tulaji |language=en}}</ref><ref name="mh">{{cite web |title=The Legacy of the Angre's on the Western Coast of India – Maritime History Society |url=https://www.mhsindia.org/the-legacy-of-the-angres-on-the-western-coast-of-india/#more-3924}}</ref> In a brief span, he had surpassed the record of his predecessors in the number of English ships captured: Charlotte of Madras, William of Bombay, Svern of Bengal, Darby, Restoration, Pilot, Augusta and Dadabhoi of Surat. He had also captured [[Anjanvel Fort|Anjanvel]] and [[Gowalkot|Gowalkot fort]] from the [[Janjira State|Siddis of Janjira]] in 1745. Tulaji refused to admit the [[Peshwa]] [[Balaji Baji Rao]] as his superior, maintaining that both were equal servants of the [[Chhatrapati]]. He refused to pay revenue contribution and even annoyed the Peshwa by raiding his territory. Nanasaheb could not afford to counterattack as long as Tulaji's benefactor [[Shahu I]] was alive, but after the latter's death in 1749, the [[Peshwa]] was free to wreck his vengeance on him.<ref name="battle"/><ref name="pirate"/>

===Fall===
{{Main|Battle of Vijaydurg}}

In 1753, the [[Peshwa]] (prime minister), [[Balaji Baji Rao]] was reported to have stated he would not tolerate Tulaji any longer.<ref name= angria/> This statement was probably made due to the successes and influence of Tulaji on the sea. Moreover, the [[Peshwa]] and Tulaji Angre had never been on good terms due to the former supporting Manaji Angre, Tulaji's rival.

Around 1754, Tulaji stopped paying his annual tribute to the Maratha state and according to a British chronicler, he "slit the noses" of the Maratha ambassadors who came to collect tribute and sent them back empty handed.<ref name="angrey">{{cite book |title=The Angreys Of Kolaba In British Records |page=74 |url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.282956/2015.282956.The-Angreys_djvu.txt}}</ref><ref name= angria>{{cite book |title=An authentick and faithful history of that arch-pyrate Tulagee Angria. : With a curious Narrative of the Siege and taking of the Town and Fortress of Geriah, and the Destruction of his whole Naval Force, by Admiral Watson and Colonel Clive. To which is added, an account of his predecessors, the Angrias, who, for upwards of forty Years, have carried on their Depredations in the East-Indies: The Methods they took to obtain and preserve the Power of Sovereign Princes, and to be a Terror not only to the European Traders, but to the Great Mogul himself. Also A full Account of their Dominions, Forts, Harbours, and Forces by Sea and Land, and of the several Attempts made by this Nation to subdue them. In a letter to a merchant in London, from his brother, a factor at Bombay, who was present in the late Expedition |oclc=745245451 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Peshwa]] had requested the [[East India Company]] on several occasions to join hands and crush Tulaji to serve their mutual interests.<ref name="pi"/> In 1755, the [[East India Company|EIC]] joined hands with [[Balaji Baji Rao]] and in early 1756, British forces captured [[Suvarnadurg]] while the [[Peshwa]] captured the other land and coastal Angre forts such as [[Gowalkot]]. In a short span, Tulajii was only left with [[Vijaydurg Fort|Vijaydurg]], which was attacked by a large force under [[Charles Watson (Royal Navy officer)|Admiral Watson]] and fell.

==Imprisonment and death==
Vijaydurg fell and Tulaji, meanwhile had left the fort and gone to the Peshwa's camp seeking a negotiation but was promptly arrested and sent to one of the inland forts as a prisoner. [[Dhulap family|Rudraji Dhulap]] succeeded him as Grand admiral of the [[Maratha Navy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kantak |first1=M. R. |title=The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles |date=1993 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-696-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdXnVOKKkssC&dq=Rudraji+Dhulap&pg=PA122 |language=en}}</ref> Tulaji Angre was first imprisoned in a prison cell of the [[Peshwa]]'s hill-fort near [[Raigad Fort|Raigad]], being moved from one cell to another due to the Peshwa's fear that he might escape. Subsequently, he was moved to [[Vandan Fort]] near [[Satara (city)|Satara]] and then [[Solapur]], where he died in 1786.<ref name="p2">{{cite book |last1=Saletore |first1=Rajaram Narayan |title=Indian Pirates |date=1978 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1PVMMoChwY4C&dq=tulaji+was+imprisoned+at&pg=PA116 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book |last1=Chilka |first1=Amit |title=Sea Forts of India |date=8 September 2014 |publisher=Osmora Incorporated |isbn=978-2-7659-0361-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dhtzBAAAQBAJ&dq=tulaji+was+imprisoned+at&pg=PT137 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Kulkarni |first1=Prof A. R. |title=The Marathas |date=1 July 2008 |publisher=Diamond Publications |isbn=978-81-8483-073-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N45LDwAAQBAJ&dq=Manaji+Angre&pg=PT124 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bombay">{{cite book |last1=Murray (publishers.) |first1=John |title=A handbook for India. Part ii. Bombay |date=1859 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vg0IAAAAQAAJ&dq=peshwa%27s+hill+fort+near+raigarh&pg=PA397 |language=en}}</ref>

==Battles==
The list of Tulaji Angre's battles and campaigns is as follows-

*[[Gowalkot|Gowalkot Fort]] (1744)<ref name="c">{{cite web |title=GOVALKOT FORT |url=https://cultural.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/RATNAGIRI/places_Govalkot.html |website=Cultural Maharashtra Gov.}}</ref>
*[[Anjanvel Fort]] captured From [[Janjira State|Siddis Of Janjira]] (December 1744)<ref>{{cite book |title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency |date=1880 |publisher=Government central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpBIAQAAMAAJ&dq=Anjanvel+Fort+captured&pg=PA318 |language=en}}</ref>
*Capture Of Charlotte Of Madras
*Capture Of William Of Bombay
*Capture Of Svern Of Bengal
*Capture Of Darby
*Capture Of Restoration
*Capture Of Pilote
*Capture Of Augusta
*Capture Of Dadabhoi Of Surat
*Attacks on [[Mangalore]] (January, 1747-November, 1749)<ref name="por"/><ref name="goa">{{cite book |last1=Shastry |first1=Bhagamandala Seetharama |title=Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763 |date=2000 |publisher=Concept Publishing Company |isbn=978-81-7022-848-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raLL0A3Pb_0C&dq=Capture+Of+Mangalore+by+tulaji&pg=PA244 |language=en}}</ref>
*Capture Of [[Honnavar|Honnavar Fort]] (March, 1750)<ref name="goa"/><ref name="por">{{cite book |last1=Shastry |first1=Bhagamandala Seetharama |title=Studies in Indo-Portuguese History |date=1981 |publisher=IBH Prakashana |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AsYcAAAAMAAJ&q=Capture+Of+Mangalore+by+tulaji |language=en}}</ref>
*[[Battle of Vijaydurg]] (1756)<ref name="ma">{{cite book |title=History of the Mahrattas Vol.I |pages=364 |url=https://www.indianculture.gov.in/ebooks/history-mahrattas-voli |language=en}}</ref><ref name="pi"/><ref name="sah"/><ref name="mh"/><ref name="hamai"/><ref name="battle"/><ref name="angrey"/>

==Legacy==
Tulaji Angre was one of the last competent leaders of the [[Maratha Navy]]. With most of the Angre family's power gone, the maritime advances of the [[East India Company]] were left unchecked and the Maratha navy rapidly declined.<ref name= "pi"/><ref name="war">{{cite book |last1=Kantak |first1=M. R. |title=The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774–1783: A Military Study of Major Battles |date=1993 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-696-1 |page=21 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cdXnVOKKkssC&q=dhulaps&pg=PA20 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Angre, Tulaji}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]
[[Category:1786 deaths]]
[[Category:People from the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Maratha Navy]]
[[Category:People from Alibag]]
[[uk:Туладжі Ангрія]]

2024 Indian Premier League final

2026-05-02T09:06:57Z

LatonyaBiaggini: new

{{short description|Cricket tournament}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox limited overs final
| title = 2024 Indian Premier League Final
| image = 2024 IPL Final poster.jpg
| imagesize =
| caption = Match programme cover
| event = [[2024 Indian Premier League]]
| team1 = [[{{IPL Teams 1|srh }}]]
| team2 = [[{{IPL Teams 1|kkr }}]]
| team1score = 113
| team1overs = 18.3 overs
| team2score = 114/2
| team2overs = 10.3 overs
| details = Kolkata Knight Riders won by 8 wickets
| date = 26 May 2024
| stadium = [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]]
| city = [[Chennai]]
| man_of_the_match = [[Mitchell Starc]] (KKR)
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
| attendance =38,000
| previous = [[2023 Indian Premier League final|2023]]
| next = [[2025 Indian Premier League final|2025]]
}}

The '''2024 Indian Premier League Final''' was played on 26 May 2024 at the [[M. A. Chidambaram Stadium]] in [[Chennai]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-21 |title=IPL 2024: What's the playoff format? Know all about IPL 17 qualifiers, eliminators and grand finale |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/sports/ipl/ipl-2024-whats-the-playoff-format-know-all-about-ipl-17-qualifiers-eliminators-and-grand-finale-bkg/3432883/ |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}</ref> [[2024 {{IPL Teams 1|kkr }} season|{{IPL Teams 1|kkr }}]] qualified for the finals after their win in [[2024 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 1|Qualifier 1]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-21 |title=Starc shows the way as KKR blow away Sunrisers to march into IPL final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-qualifier-1-1426309/match-report |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> They competed with [[2024 {{IPL Teams 1|srh }} season|{{IPL Teams 1|srh }}]], who qualified for the finals after their win in [[2024 Indian Premier League#Qualifier 2|Qualifier 2]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=RR vs SRH Cricket Scorecard, Qualifier 2 at Chennai, May 24, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/rajasthan-royals-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-qualifier-2-1426311/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

After winning the toss, [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] elected to bat but only managed to score 113 runs in 18.3 overs. The [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] easily chased the target in 10.3 overs and won the match by eight wickets, thus winning their third IPL title.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=KKR's bowlers rip through SRH to win third IPL title |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1426312/match-report |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref> KKR player [[Mitchell Starc]] was named as the [[Player of the Match awards (cricket)|player of the match]] for taking 2 wickets and 2 catches.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 May 2024 |title=Mitchell Starc wins Player of the Match award in IPL 2024 Final |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/ipl-2024-kkr-vs-srh-final-player-of-the-match-award-kolkata-knight-riders-v-sunrisers-hyderabad/article68218339.ece |website=SportStar|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref> [[Sunil Narine]] (KKR) was named as the player of the season for scoring 488 runs and taking 17 wickets throughout the tournament.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 May 2024 |title=Birthday boy Sunil Narine becomes IPL's MVP for third time after KKR's triumph |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/sunil-narine-set-to-become-ipl-2024-most-valuable-player-of-the-season-know-all-the-details-about-the-award-2544063-2024-05-27 |website=India Today|date=27 May 2024 }}</ref>

== Background ==
A part of the schedule of the season's fixtures was announced on 22 February 2024 which included the schedule for the first 17 days, consisting of 21 matches.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-03 |title=IPL Schedule 2024: Start Date, Match Fixtures, Teams, Stadium, and Venues |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/ipl-2024-schedule-match-fixtures-teams-stadium-and-venue-1708589392-1 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref> The remaining fixtures were announced on 25 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-25 |title=IPL 2024 Full Schedule: Chennai to host final as entire season to be held in India |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/ipl-2024-full-schedule-phase-two-playoffs-final-chennai-chepauk-2519198-2024-03-25 |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> It was announced that both Qualifier 1 and Eliminator would be played at the [[Narendra Modi Stadium]], [[Ahmedabad]] from 21 to 22 May, and that Qualifier 2 and final would be played in Chennai, with the venue hosting its third IPL final after [[2011 Indian Premier League final|2011]] and [[2012 Indian Premier League final|2012]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-03-25 |title=IPL 2024 Schedule: Chennai to host Qualifier 2 and final on May 24 and 26; Qualifier 1 and Eliminator in Ahmedabad |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/ipl-2024-schedule-chennai-to-host-qualifier-2-and-final-on-may-24-and-26-qualifier-1-and-eliminator-in-ahmedabad/articleshow/108767747.cms |access-date=2024-05-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> [[Kolkata Knight Riders]] and [[Sunrisers Hyderabad]] qualified for the Final. Kolkata played the final for the fourth time, winning twice ([[2012 Indian Premier League|2012]], [[2014 Indian Premier League|2014]]) before and being runners-up in [[2021 Indian Premier League|2021]]. Hyderabad played their third final, winning once in [[2016 Indian Premier League|2016]] and runners-up in [[2018 Indian Premier League|2018]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-05-26 |title=Kolkata Knight Riders Win/Loss record in finals; Stats, most runs, wickets ahead of IPL 2024 final vs SRH |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/kkr-vs-srh-ipl-final-2024-kolkata-knight-riders-win-loss-record-stats-most-runs-wickets-history/article68211308.ece |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=Kolkata routs Hyderabad by 8 wickets to win its third Indian Premier League title |url=https://apnews.com/article/ipl-final-kolkata-knight-riders-sunrisers-hyderabad-e6b522a347029f6d0eaf4a6792f8505b |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref>

== Road to the final ==
{{further|2024 {{IPL Teams 1|kkr }} season|2024 {{IPL Teams 1|srh }} season }}

Kolkata Knight Riders had a successful league stage with only 3 losses against Chennai Super Kings, Rajasthan Royals and Punjab Kings. They also had 2 abandoned matches against Gujarat Titans and Rajasthan Royals. They won the rest 9 matches garnering a total of 20 points finishing atop the league table. They defeated Sunrisers Hyderabad in Qualifier 1 to gain their place in the Final.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=IPL Points Table {{!}} IPL Standings {{!}} IPL Ranking |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/points-table-standings |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=IPL 2024 Schedule {{!}} Indian Premier League Fixtures & Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

Sunrisers Hyderabad finished second in the league table winning 8 games and losing 5 games to end with a total of 17 points. Their game against Gujarat Titans was abandoned. They lost the Qualifier 1 to Kolkata Knight Riders and had to defeat Rajasthan Royals in Qualifier 2 for a place in the Final.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPL 2024 Schedule {{!}} Indian Premier League Fixtures & Results |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/match-schedule-fixtures-and-results |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>
{{clear}}

{| style="text-align:center;margin:auto;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
! colspan="4" style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|kkr }}"|[[{{IPL Teams 1|kkr }}|{{IPL Teams 1|kkr }}]]
!vs
! colspan="4" style="background:#{{IPL Team colors 1|srh }}"|[[{{IPL Teams 1|srh }}|{{IPL Teams 1|srh }}]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
! colspan="9" |[[2024 Indian Premier League#League stage|League Stage]]
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Points
|Match No.
|Opponent
|Scorecard
|Result
|Points
|-
| style="text-align:center;margin:auto;" |[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match3|23 March 2024]]
|Won
|2
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 1
| style="text-align:center" |[[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match3|23 March 2024]]
|Lost
|0
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match10|29 March 2024]]
|Won
|4
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 2
| style="text-align:center" |[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match18|27 March 2024]]
|Won
|2
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Delhi Capitals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match16|3 April 2024]]
|Won
|6
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 3
| style="text-align:center" |[[Gujarat Titans]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match12|31 March 2024]]
|Lost
|2
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match22|8 April 2024]]
|Lost
|6
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 4
| style="text-align:center" |[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match18|5 April 2024]]
|Won
|4
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match28|14 April 2024]]
|Won
|8
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 5
| style="text-align:center" |[[Punjab Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match23|9 April 2024]]
|Won
|6
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match31|16 April 2024]]
|Lost
|8
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 6
| style="text-align:center" |[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match30|15 April 2024]]
|Won
|8
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match36|21 April 2024]]
|Won
|10
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 7
| style="text-align:center" |[[Delhi Capitals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match35|20 April 2024]]
|Won
|10
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Punjab Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match42|26 April 2024]]
|Lost
|10
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 8
| style="text-align:center" |[[Royal Challengers Bangalore|Royal Challengers Bengaluru]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match41|25 April 2024]]
|Lost
|10
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Delhi Capitals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match47|29 April 2024]]
|Won
|12
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 9
| style="text-align:center" |[[Chennai Super Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match46|28 April 2024]]
|Lost
|10
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match51|3 May 2024]]
|Won
|14
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 10
| style="text-align:center" |[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match50|2 May 2024]]
|Won
|12
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match54|5 May 2024]]
|Won
|16
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 11
| style="text-align:center" |[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match55|6 May 2024]]
|Lost
|12
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Mumbai Indians]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match60|11 May 2024]]
|Won
|18
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 12
| style="text-align:center" |[[Lucknow Super Giants]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match57|8 May 2024]]
|Won
|14
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Gujarat Titans]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match63|13 May 2024]]
|No result
|19
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 13
| style="text-align:center" |[[Gujarat Titans]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match66|16 May 2024]]
|No result
|15
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match70|19 May 2024]]
|No result
|20
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | 14
| style="text-align:center" |[[Punjab Kings]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match69|19 May 2024]]
|Won
|17
|-
| colspan="9" style="text-align:left;background:#C1E0FF;" |{{#invoke: IndianPremierLeagueProgression
|create

| W3, W10, W16, L22, W28, L31, W36, L42, W47, W51, W54, W60, N63, N70


| W71, U, W74


| L3, W8, L12, W18, W23, W30, W35, L41, L46, W50, L55, W57, N66, W69


| L71, W72, L74


|caption=League progression
|teams={{IPL Teams 1|kkr }}, {{IPL Teams 1|srh }}
|knockoutType=2
|matchesPerTeam=14
|matchReportArticle=2024 Indian Premier League}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#99CCFF"
! colspan="9" |[[2024 Indian Premier League#Playoffs|Playoff stage]]
|- style="text-align:left;background:#C1E0FF"
| colspan="9" |{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|bracket}}
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
|Opponent
|Scorecard
| colspan="2" |Result
|
|Opponent
|Scorecard
| colspan="2" |Result
|-
| style="text-align:center" |[[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match71|21 May 2024]]
| colspan="2" |Won
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | {{Abbr|'''Q1'''|Qualifier 1}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match71|21 May 2024]]
| colspan="2" |Lost
|-
! colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background:#99CCFF" | Qualified for the finals
| style="background:#C1E0FF" | {{Abbr|'''Q2'''|Qualifier 2}}
| style="text-align:center" | [[Rajasthan Royals]]
|[[2024 Indian Premier League#match73|24 May 2024]]
| colspan="2" |Won
|- style="vertical-align:top;background:#C1E0FF"
! colspan="9" | '''2024 Indian Premier League final'''
|}

== Match ==
=== Match officials ===
* '''On-field [[umpire (cricket)|umpires]]''': [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] (Ind) and [[Nitin Menon]] (Ind)
* '''[[Third umpire]]''': [[Michael Gough (cricketer)|Michael Gough]] (Eng)
* '''[[Fourth umpire|Reserve umpire]]''': [[Virender Sharma]] (Ind)
* '''[[Match referee]]''': [[Manu Nayyar]] (Ind)
* '''[[Toss (cricket)|Toss]]''': Sunrisers Hyderabad won the toss and elected to bat.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=26 May 2024 |title=KKR vs SRH Toss Updates, IPL 2024 Final: Sunrisers Hyderabad wins toss, to bat first |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ipl/ipl-news/kkr-vs-srh-live-toss-updates-ipl-2024-final-prediction-sunrisers-hyderabad-v-kolkata-knight-riders-match-today/article68217915.ece |website=SportStar|date=26 May 2024 }}</ref>

=== Summary ===
{{#section:2024 Indian Premier League|match74}}

=== Sunrisers Hyderabad innings ===
Sunrisers Hyderabad (SRH) won the toss and elected to bat. The team lost early wickets and never quite recovered. [[Abhishek Sharma]] was the first to fall, bowled by Australian fast bowler [[Mitchell Starc]] for just 2 runs in the opening over. Australian batter [[Travis Head]] followed soon after, caught behind for a duck off [[medium pacer]] [[Vaibhav Arora]]'s bowling. SRH's top order continued to falter, with [[Rahul Tripathi]] scoring 9 runs before being caught off Starc's bowling, leaving SRH at 21 for the loss of 3 wickets in the fourth over.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KKR vs SRH Cricket Scorecard, Final at Chennai, May 26, 2024 |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1426312/full-scorecard |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=IPL 2024 final result: Kolkata Knight Riders beat Sunrisers Hyderabad to win title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/articles/cd114e2l99qo |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref>

South African [[Aiden Markram]] tried to stabilize the innings, scoring 20 runs off 23 balls, but he too fell, caught off West Indies' [[all-rounder]] [[Andre Russell]]'s bowling. [[Nitish Kumar Reddy]] added 13 runs before being dismissed by fast bowler [[Harshit Rana]], while South African [[Heinrich Klaasen]] contributed 16 runs before also falling to Rana. [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] managed 8 runs before being caught off spinner [[Varun Chakravarthy]]'s bowling, and the [[2023 Indian Premier League#Impact player rule|impact player]] [[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] was caught behind for 4 runs off Russell. Captain [[Pat Cummins]], scored a brisk 24 off 19 balls, including two fours and a six, but his effort was cut short when he was caught off Russell's bowling. [[Jaydev Unadkat]] and [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] did not add much, with Unadkat out [[leg before wicket]] to Narine for 4 and Kumar remaining not out on 0.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

KKR's bowling attack was led by Andre Russell, who claimed 3 wickets for 19 runs. Mitchell Starc took 2 wickets for 14 runs, while Harshit Rana matched Starc with 2 wickets for 24 runs. Sunil Narine and Varun Chakravarthy each picked up a wicket, conceding 16 and 9 runs respectively. SRH's innings included 13 extras, but their overall run rate of 6.10 was insufficient at the end.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=KKR vs SRH Highlights, IPL 2024 Final: Gautam Gambhir's KKR Thrash SRH By 8 Wickets To Clinch 3rd Title {{!}} Cricket News |url=https://sports.ndtv.com/ipl-2024/kkr-vs-srh-live-score-indian-premier-league-2024-final-match-kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-live-scorecard-may-26-5749368 |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=NDTVSports.com |language=en}}</ref>

=== Kolkata Knight Riders innings ===
Kolkata Knight Riders (KKR) was off to a quick start despite losing West Indian [[Sunil Narine]] early. Narine scored a quick 6 off 2 balls before being caught by [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] off captain [[Pat Cummins]]' bowling in the second over. This brought [[Venkatesh Iyer]] to the crease, who, alongside opener Afghan batter [[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]], took control of the chase. Gurbaz scored 39 runs off 32 balls, including five fours and two sixes before eventually being dismissed in the ninth over, out [[leg before wicket]] by Shahbaz Ahmed, owing to a lack of Ball-Tracking and Ultra-edge. Iyer continued his innings after the loss of Gurbaz, reaching his fifty off just 24 balls. [[Shreyas Iyer]], the KKR captain, joined him at the crease and contributed 6 off 3 balls, helping reach the target with more than nine overs to spare.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Indian medium pacer [[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] conceded 25 runs in his 2 overs, while [[T. Natarajan]] gave away 29 runs in his 2 overs. Shahbaz Ahmed managed to pick up the wicket of Gurbaz, finishing with figures of 1 wicket for 22 in 2.3 overs. Pat Cummins was the only other wicket-taker, claiming Narine's wicket and ending with figures of 1 wicket for 18 runs in his 2 overs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

KKR ended with a decisive victory by 8 wickets securing their third IPL title.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

=== Scorecard ===
Source: ''ESPNcricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-26 |title=KKR beat SRH, KKR won by 8 wickets (with 57 balls remaining) |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-league-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderabad-final-1426312/live-cricket-score |access-date=2024-05-26 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
|-
|* (IMP) indicates an [[2023 Indian Premier League#Impact player rule|impact player]].
|}

;1st innings
{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{IPL Teams 1|srh }} innings}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Abhishek Sharma]] |status=b Starc |runs=2 |balls=5 |4s=0 |6s=0 |strike_rate=40.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Travis Head]] |status=c †Gurbaz b Arora |runs=0 |balls=1 |4s=0 |6s=0 |strike_rate=0.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rahul Tripathi]] |status=c Ramandeep b Starc |runs=9 |balls=13 |4s=1 |6s=0 |strike_rate=69.23}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Aiden Markram]] |status=c Starc b Russell |runs=20 |balls=23 |4s=3 |6s=0 |strike_rate=86.95}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Nitish Kumar Reddy]] |status=c †Gurbaz b Harshit |runs=13 |balls=10 |4s=1 |6s=1 |strike_rate=130.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Heinrich Klaasen]] |status=b Harshit |runs=16 |balls=17 |4s=1 |6s=0 |strike_rate=94.11}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] |status=c Narine b Varun |runs=8 |balls=7 |4s=0 |6s=1 |strike_rate=114.28}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]] (IMP) |status=c †Gurbaz b Russell |runs=4 |balls=4 |4s=0 |6s=0 |strike_rate=100.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Pat Cummins]] |status=c Starc b Russell |runs=24 |balls=19 |4s=2 |6s=1 |strike_rate=126.31}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Jaydev Unadkat]] |status=lbw b Narine |runs=4 |balls=11 |4s=0 |6s=0 |strike_rate=36.36}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] |status= not out|runs= 0|balls= 1|4s= 0|6s= 0|strike_rate=0}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[T Natarajan]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
|colspan="4"| Extras 13 (b 5, lb 2, w 6) '''Total 113 (18.3 overs)'''
|8
|3
| 6.10 RR
{{Cricket match box end}}
'''Fall of wickets:''' 2–1 (Abhishek, 0.5 ov), 6–2 (Head, 1.6 ov), 21–3 (Tripathi, 4.2 ov), 47–4 (Reddy, 6.6 ov), 62–5 (Markram, 10.2 ov), 71–6 (Shahbaz, 11.5 ov), 77–7 (Samad, 12.4 ov), 90–8 (Klaasen, 14.1 ov), 113–9 (Unadkat, 17.5 ov), 113–10 (Cummins, 18.3 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{IPL Teams 1|kkr }} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Mitchell Starc]] |overs=3 |maiden=0 |runs=14 |wickets=2 |econ=4.66 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Vaibhav Arora]] |overs=3 |maiden=0 |runs=24 |wickets=1 |econ=8.00 |wides=4 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Harshit Rana]] |overs=4 |maiden=1 |runs=24 |wickets=2 |econ=6.00 |wides=1 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Sunil Narine]] |overs=4 |maiden=0 |runs=16 |wickets=1 |econ=4.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Andre Russell]] |overs=2.3 |maiden=0 |runs=19 |wickets=3 |econ=7.60 |wides=1 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Varun Chakravarthy]] |overs=2 |maiden=0 |runs=9 |wickets=1 |econ=4.50 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

;2nd innings
{| class="wikitable"
|+Impact players
! Team
! Out
! In
|-
![[Sunrisers Hyderabad]]
|[[Travis Head]]
|[[Abdul Samad (Indian cricketer)|Abdul Samad]]
|-
![[Kolkata Knight Riders]]
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|}

{{Cricket match batting box begin|title={{IPL Teams 1|kkr }} innings}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rahmanullah Gurbaz]] |status=lbw b Shahbaz |runs=39 |balls=32 |4s=5 |6s=2 |strike_rate=121.87}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Sunil Narine]] |status= c Shahbaz b Cummins|runs= 6|balls= 2|4s= 0|6s= 1|strike_rate= 300.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Venkatesh Iyer]] |status=not out |runs=52 |balls=26 |4s=4 |6s=3 |strike_rate=200.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Shreyas Iyer]] |status=not out |runs=6 |balls=3 |4s=1 |6s=0 |strike_rate=200.00}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Rinku Singh (cricketer)|Rinku Singh]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Andre Russell]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Ramandeep Singh (cricketer)|Ramandeep Singh]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Mitchell Starc]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Vaibhav Arora]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Harshit Rana]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
{{Cricket match batsman status|player=[[Varun Chakravarthy]] |status= |runs= |balls= |4s= |6s= |strike_rate=}}
|colspan="4"| Extras 11 (b4, lb 2, w 5) '''Total 114/2 (10.3 overs)'''
|10
|6
| 10.85 RR
{{Cricket match box end}}
'''Fall of wickets:''' 11–1 (Narine, 1.2 ov), 102–2 (Gurbaz, 8.5 ov)

{{Cricket match bowling box begin|title={{IPL Teams 1|srh }} bowling}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Bhuvneshwar Kumar]] |overs=2 |maiden=0 |runs=25 |wickets=0 |econ=12.50 |wides=1 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler= [[Pat Cummins]]|overs=2 |maiden=0 |runs=18 |wickets=1 |econ=9.00 |wides= 2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[T Natarajan]] |overs= 2|maiden= 0|runs= 29|wickets= 0|econ= 14.50|wides= 2|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler= [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]]|overs=2.3 |maiden=0 |runs=22 |wickets=1 |econ=8.80 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Jaydev Unadkat]] |overs= 1|maiden= 0|runs= 9|wickets= 0|econ= 9.00|wides= 0|no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match bowler status|bowler=[[Aiden Markram]] |overs=1 |maiden=0 |runs=5 |wickets=0 |econ=5.00 |wides=0 |no-balls=0}}
{{Cricket match box end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.iplt20.com/}}
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1426312.html Scorecard] at ''[[ESPNcricinfo]]''

{{Navboxes|title=2024 Indian Premier League finalists
|list1={{ {{IPL Teams 1|kkr }} }}{{ {{IPL Teams 1|srh }} }}
}}{{2024 Indian Premier League}}{{Indian Premier League}}{{Portal bar|India|Cricket}}

[[Category:2024 Indian Premier League]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2024|Indian Premier League Final]]
[[Category:May 2024 in India]]
[[Category:Indian Premier League finals]]

M.V. Ramachandra Reddy

2026-04-25T03:56:52Z

LatonyaBiaggini: added post

{{orphan|date=April 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = M.V. Ramachandra Reddy
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council|Member of Legislative Council Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 2023
| party = [[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]]
| constituency = [[Kadapa]] - [[Ananthapur]]- [[Kurnool]] Districts
| birth_name = M.V. Ramachandra Reddy
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1966}} [https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1VDKB_enIN1032IN1032&sxsrf=APwXEdcwZGdEuHX8YeSfksVf_wBXB2NJ7g:1680775259488&q=M.V.+Ramachandra+Reddy&si=AMnBZoHIJrApc6VVzn_oe53t245xY3fsWzroOJ83e-Y-2lMY6TtL7uoHjNd5JUh0zXd5iOy1kO2J1_GSq-PoEcK5jbWs1w7mHmuo6l31DmGvsC8Kv3gQ7EvwrJN2lT2FXg9maWXWY0tKdvARfLhRm0H-sJVb_zCJ64K-pTxgkGIL6sRHcwfpmMoMy4UGBS_eHV48764fCGB5&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX0Kfi_5T-AhWhpOkKHTZPAmwQ6RN6BAgXEAE&biw=1536&bih=714&dpr=1.25]
| occupation = Politician
| term_end = 2028
| succeeded = Onteru Srinivasula Reddy
}}

'''M.V. Ramachandra Reddy''' is an Indian politician. He is from Andhra Pradesh and a member of [[YSR Congress Party|Yuvajana Raithu Congress Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desam |first=A. B. P. |date=2023-03-17 |title=టీచర్స్ కోటాలో ఎంవీ రామచంద్రారెడ్డి గెలుపు - ఇక్కడ భారీ మెజారిటీలో టీడీపీ |url=https://telugu.abplive.com/andhra-pradesh/mv-ramachandra-reddy-won-in-kadapa-anantapur-kurnool-teachers-quota-mlc-elections-83035 |access-date=2023-04-06 |website=telugu.abplive.com |language=te}}</ref> He got elected as [[Member of Legislative Council|a Member of the Legislative Council]] of the YSR Congress Party in [[Kadapa district|Kadapa]]-[[Anantapur district|Ananthapur]]-[[Kurnool district|Kurnool]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]] by teachers MLC constituencies with a majority of 169 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ruling party makes clean sweep |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/180323/ruling-party-makes-clean-sweep-in-rayalaseema-teachers-constituencies.html}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramachandra Reddy, M.V.}}
[[Category:Members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Pietra dura

2026-04-14T22:03:43Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Adding the stub w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Decorative stone inlays}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{italics title}}
[[File:Cathedral Virgin Mary-7.jpg|thumb|Altar frontal of Italian ''opera di commessi'', [[Dubrovnik Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Roses over crossed canes, from Museo dell'Opificio delle Pietre Dure, Florence.jpg|thumb|Detail of design with roses over crossed canes, 1882]]

'''''Pietra dura''''' ({{IPA|it|ˈpjɛːtra ˈduːra|lang}}), '''''pietre dure''''' ({{IPA|it|ˈpjɛːtre ˈduːre|}}) or '''intarsia lapidary'''<ref>{{cite web |last=Grisak |first=Amy |title=Intarsia Jewelry Making Explored |url=https://www.rockngem.com/intarsia-jewelry-making-explored/ |website=www.rockngem.com |publisher=Rock & Gem |access-date=9 September 2024 |date=April 24, 2023}}</ref> ([[#Related arts and terms|see below]]), called '''''parchin kari''''' or '''''parchinkari''''' ({{langx|fa|{{Nastaliq|پرچین کاری}}}}) in the [[Indian subcontinent]], is a term for the [[inlay]] technique of using cut and fitted, highly polished colored stones to create images. It is considered a [[decorative art]]. The stonework, after the work is assembled loosely, is glued stone-by-stone to a substrate after having previously been "sliced and cut in different shape sections, and then assembled together so precisely that the contact between each section was practically invisible". Stability was achieved by grooving the undersides of the stones so that they interlocked, rather like a jigsaw puzzle, with everything held tautly in place by an encircling 'frame'. Many different colored stones, particularly [[marble]]s, were used, along with [[semiprecious stone|semiprecious]], and even [[gemstone|precious stones]]. It first appeared in [[Rome]] in the 16th century, reaching its full maturity in [[Florence]]. ''Pietra dura'' items are generally crafted on green, white or black marble base stones. Typically, the resulting panel is completely flat, but some examples where the image is in low [[relief]] were made, taking the work more into the area of [[hardstone carving]].

==Related arts and terms==
[[File:Jehangir's tomb, detail.JPG|thumb|''Pietra dura'' detail with semiprecious stones inlaid into white marble at the [[Tomb of Jahangir]] in Lahore]]
[[File:Itmad-Ud-Daulah-Tomb.jpg|thumb|[[Itmad-Ud-Daulah]]'s Tomb in [[Agra]] is decorated with [[arabesque (Islamic art)|arabesques]] and [[Islamic geometric patterns|geometric patterns]].]]
[[File:TajJaliInlay.jpg|thumb|upright|Floral 'parchin kari' work in the [[Taj Mahal]], incorporating precious and semi-precious stone]]
''[[:wikt:pietra|Pietre]] [[:wikt:duro|dure]]'' is an Italian plural meaning "hard rocks" or [[hardstone]]s; the singular ''pietra dura'' is also encountered in Italian. In Italian, but not in English, the term embraces all [[gem engraving]] and [[hardstone carving]], which is the artistic carving of three-dimensional objects in [[semi-precious]] stone, normally from a single piece, for example in [[Chinese jade]]. The traditional convention in English has been to use the singular ''pietra dura'' just to denote multi-colored inlay work.<ref>A distinction easily seen by comparing the [http://www.firenzemusei.it/00_english/opificio/index.html English] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109123911/http://www.firenzemusei.it/00_english/opificio/index.html |date=2011-01-09 }} and [http://www.firenzemusei.it/opificio/index.html Italian] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014011118/http://www.firenzemusei.it/opificio/index.html |date=2009-10-14 }} versions of the website of the [[Opificio delle pietre dure]] in Florence.</ref> However, in recent years there has been a trend to use "''pietre dure''" as a term for the same thing, but not for all of the techniques it covers, in Italian.<ref name="Getty Center">{{cite web | url=http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/artists/3545/galleria-de'lavori-in-pietre-dure-italian-active-1588-present/ | title=Galleria de'Lavori in pietre dure | publisher=The J. Paul Getty Museum | access-date=8 January 2016}}</ref> But the title of a 2008 exhibition at the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York, ''Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe'', used the full Italian sense of the term, probably because they thought that it had greater brand recognition. The material on the website speaks of objects such as a vase in [[lapis lazuli]] as being examples of "hardstone carving (''pietre dure'')".<ref>[http://www.metmuseum.org/special/pietre_dure/more.asp Metropolitan Museum of Art] ''Art of the Royal Court: Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe''</ref> The [[Victoria & Albert Museum]] in London uses both versions on its website, but uses "''pietra dura''" ("A method of inlaying coloured marbles or semi-precious stones into a stone base, often in geometric or flower patterns....") in its "Glossary",<ref>[https://media.vam.ac.uk/vamembed/media/uploads/files/vanda-course-high_renaissance-glossary.pdf V&A glossary]</ref> which was evidently not consulted by the author of another page, where the reader is told: "''Pietre dure'' (from the Italian 'hard stone') is made from finely sliced coloured stones, precisely matched, to create a pictorial scene or regular design".<ref>[http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/sculpture/sculpture_features/caring_marble_plaster/marble_similar/index.html Is it Marble?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226161617/http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/sculpture/sculpture_features/caring_marble_plaster/marble_similar/index.html |date=2009-02-26 }} V&A</ref> The English term "Florentine mosaic" is sometimes also encountered, probably developed by the tourist industry. Giovanni Montelatici (1864–1930) was an Italian Florentine artist whose brilliant work has been distributed across the world by tourists and collectors.

It is distinct from mosaic in that the component stones are mostly much larger and cut to a shape suiting their place in the image, not all of roughly equal size and shape as in mosaic. In ''pietra dura'', the stones are not cemented together with [[grout]], and works in ''pietra dura'' are often portable. Nor should it be confused with [[micromosaics]], a form of [[mosaic]] using very small [[tesserae]] of the same size to create images rather than decorative patterns, for [[Byzantine]] icons, and later for panels for setting into furniture and the like.

For fixed [[inlay]] work on walls, ceilings, and pavements that do not meet the definition of mosaic, the better terms are [[intarsia]] or, in some specific applications, [[Cosmatesque]]. Similarly, for works that use larger pieces of stone or tile, [[opus sectile]] may be used. ''Pietra dura'' is essentially stone [[marquetry]]. As a high expression of [[lapidary]] art, it is closely related to the art of [[jewellery]]. It can also be considered a branch of [[sculpture]] because three-dimensionality can be achieved, as with a [[bas relief]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20010427064818/http://www.medici.org/hum/topics/pietredure.htm Medici.org]</ref>

==History==
''Pietra dura'' developed from the ancient Roman [[opus sectile]], which at least in terms of surviving examples, was architectural, used on floors and walls, with both geometric and figurative designs. In the Middle Ages [[cosmatesque]] floors and small columns, etc. on tombs and altars continued to use inlays of different colours in geometric patterns. [[Byzantine art]] continued with inlaid floors, but also produced some small religious figures in hardstone inlays, for example in the [[Pala d'Oro]] in [[St Mark's Basilica|San Marco, Venice]] (though this mainly uses [[Vitreous enamel|enamel]]). In the [[Italian Renaissance]] this technique again was used for images. The Florentines, who most fully developed the form, however, regarded it as 'painting in stone'.

As it developed in Florence, the technique was initially called "''opere di commessi''" (approximately, "Fitted together works"). [[Medici]] Grand Duke [[Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany|Ferdinando I]] of [[Tuscany]] founded the ''Galleria di Lavori'' in 1588,<ref name="Getty Center"/> now the [[Opificio delle pietre dure]], for the purpose of developing this and other decorative forms.

A multitude of varied objects were created. Table tops were particularly prized, and these tend to be the largest specimens. Smaller items in the form of [[medallion]]s, [[cameo (carving)|cameo]]s, wall [[Commemorative plaque|plaque]]s, panels inserted into doors or onto cabinets, bowls, [[jardiniere]]s, garden ornaments, fountains, benches, etc. are all found. A popular form was to copy an existing painting, often of a human figure, as illustrated by the image of [[Pope Clement VIII]], above. Examples are found in many museums. The medium was transported to other European centers of court art and remained popular into the 19th century. In particular, [[Naples]] became a noted center of the craft.<ref name="Sotheby">{{cite web |last1=Bourbonne |first1=Adèle |title=The Spectacular Art of Neapolitan 'Pietre Dure' |url=https://www.sothebys.cn/en/articles/set-in-stone-neapolitan-pietre-dure |website=Sotheby's |date=15 October 2018 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> By the 20th century, the medium was in decline, in part by the assault of [[modernism]], and the craft had been reduced to mainly restoration work. In recent decades, however, the form has been revived, and receives state-funded sponsorship. Modern examples range from tourist-oriented [[souvenir]]s, including reproductions of 19th century style religious subjects (especially in Florence and Naples), to works copying or based on older designs used for luxurious decorative contexts, to works in a contemporary artistic idiom.

==Parchin kari==
By the early part of the 17th century, smaller objects produced by the Opificio were widely diffused throughout Europe, and as far east to the court of the [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] in [[Indian art|India]], where the form was imitated and reinterpreted in a native style; its most sumptuous expression is found in the [[Taj Mahal]]. In Mughal India, ''pietra dura'' was known as ''parchin kari'', literally 'inlay' or 'driven-in' work.<ref>[http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.tcl?document_id=10070 IJAR, vol. 1- Issue 1: The Notion of Hierarchy: The 'Parchin Kari' Programme at the Taj Mahal] ArchNet Islamic architecture library. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202160308/http://archnet.org/library/documents/one-document.tcl?document_id=10070 |date=2 February 2014 }}</ref>

Due to the Taj Mahal being one of the major tourist attractions, there is a flourishing industry of ''pietra dura'' artifacts in [[Agra]].

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="200" heights="200" mode="nolines">
File:Aelia Eudocia mosaic.jpg|10th century Byzantine panel with [[Aelia Eudocia]]
File:Milano, Sant'Eustorgio, cappella Visconti, ciborio (Carlo Buzzi, 1643)-Foto-Giovanni Dall'Orto-2007-edit.jpg|Altar in Milan, concentrating on the natural patterns of the stone
File:Pietradura Compiègne-edit.jpg|19th century French [[sideboard]] with [[relief]] ''pietra dura'' panel
File:Botteghe granducali fiorentine, tavoli con ripiani intarsiati a pietre dure, orfeo tra gli animali e fiabe di esopo 04 cervo, orso.jpg|Detail of table top in Venice, by the Grand-ducal workshop in [[Florence]]; [[Orpheus]] charms the animals.
File:Parchinkari white marble coaster set from Agra India.jpg|Very fine contemporary example of parchinkari from [[Agra|Agra, India]]. 19,444 semi-precious stones were individually cut and inlaid in white marble to create this item.
File:Giovanni Montelatici Pietra Dure Panel.jpg|Florentine ''pietra dura'' panel created by Giovanni Montelatici in the late 1800s
File:Portrait of Pope Clement VIII Aldobrandini (by Jacopo Ligozzi) - The J. Paul Getty Museum.jpg|[[Pope Clement VIII]] in ''pietra dura'' designed by [[Jacopo Ligozzi]], executed by [[Romolo di Francesco Ferrucci del Tadda]]
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pietre dure}}

{{Decorative arts}}
{{Islamic art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pietra Dura}}
[[Category:Mosaics in Italy]]
[[Category:Decorative arts]]
[[Category:Visual arts media]]
[[Category:Visual arts materials]]
[[Category:Pavements]]
[[Category:Floors]]
[[Category:Taj Mahal]]
[[Category:Hardstone carving]]
[[Category:Italian words and phrases]]
[[Category:Islamic art]]

2024 Rajya Sabha elections

2026-04-05T22:05:50Z

LatonyaBiaggini: info!

{{Short description|Elections for the upper house of Indian Parliament}}

{{Infobox election
| country = India
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 2023 Rajya Sabha elections
| previous_year = 2023
| next_election = 2025 Rajya Sabha elections
| next_year = 2025
| election_date = January - December 2024
| seats_for_election = 84{{efn|Including 19 [[Casual vacancy|casual vacancies]]}} of the 233{{efn|excluding 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]]}} elected seats in the [[Rajya Sabha]]
| majority_seats = 119{{efn|out of 237 (excluding 8 vacancies and including 12 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated seats]])}} total

| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Jagat_Prakash_Nadda_2023.jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader1 = [[J. P. Nadda]]
| party1 = Bharatiya Janata Party
| leader_since1 = 24 June 2024
| leaders_seat1 =
| alliance1 = [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
| seats_before1 = 89{{efn|excluding 5 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated member]]s}}
| seats_after1 = '''96'''{{efn|excluding 2 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 7
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Mallikarjun_Kharge_briefing_the_media_after_presenting_the_Interim_Railway_Budget_2014-15_in_New_Delhi_(cropped).jpg|bSize=110|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=10|oTop=04}}
| leader2 = [[Mallikarjun Kharge]]
| party2 = Indian National Congress
| leader_since2 = 16 February 2021
| leaders_seat2 =
| alliance2 = [[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
| seats_before2 = 30
| seats_after2 = 27
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 3
| 1blank = Alliance seats before
| 1data1 = 106{{efn|excluding 10 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated member]]s}}
| 1data2 = 91
| 2blank = Alliance seats after
| 2data1 = '''117'''{{efn|excluding 8 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| 2data2 = 87
| 3blank = Seat change
| 3data1 = {{increase}} 11
| 3data2 = {{decrease}} 4

| title = Majority
| posttitle = Majority after election
| before_election = ''None''
| before_party =
| after_election = [[National Democratic Alliance]]{{efn|including the support of 8 [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|nominated members]]}}
| after_party =
}}

The 2024 '''Rajya Sabha elections''' were held as part of a routine six-year cycle of the upper house of the [[Parliament of India]] from January to December 2024, to elect 65 of its 245 members and 19 bye elections, of which the states through their legislators elect 233, and the remaining 12 are appointed by the President.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/member_site/RetLMemState.aspx|title=Statewise Retirement|website=rajyasabha.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-22 |title=Elections to three Rajya Sabha seats from Delhi, one from Sikkim on January 19 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/elections-to-three-rajya-sabha-seats-from-delhi-one-from-sikkim-on-january-19/article67665759.ece |access-date=2025-10-20 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=2023-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224223106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/elections-to-three-rajya-sabha-seats-from-delhi-one-from-sikkim-on-january-19/article67665759.ece |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-29 |title=56 Rajya Sabha Seats From 15 States Go To Polls On February 27 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/national/56-rajya-sabha-seats-15-states-polling-voting-february-27 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=Outlook India |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241110021349/https://www.outlookindia.com/national/56-rajya-sabha-seats-15-states-polling-voting-february-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-27 |title=Rajya Sabha elections for 4 seats in Kerala and Maharashtra on June 25 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajya-sabha-elections-kerala-maharashtra-election-commission-2544540-2024-05-27 |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527215703/https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/rajya-sabha-elections-kerala-maharashtra-election-commission-2544540-2024-05-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-08-07 |title=Elections to 12 Rajya Sabha Seats Scheduled for September 3: Election Commission |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/07/elections-to-12-rajya-sabha-seats-scheduled-for-september-3-election-commission |access-date=2025-10-20 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=2024-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910033314/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2024/Aug/07/elections-to-12-rajya-sabha-seats-scheduled-for-september-3-election-commission |url-status=live }}</ref>

[[National Democratic Alliance]] secured majority in the Rajya Sabha for the first time since it assumed office in 2014, after winning 11 of the 12 bypolls held in August 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-08-28 |title=BJP wins 9, allies 2 in RS bypolls for 12 seats; NDA hits majority mark for first time since 2014 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjp-wins-9-allies-2-in-rs-bypolls-for-12-seats-nda-hits-majority-mark-for-first-time-since-2014/articleshow/112846800.cms |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-09-07 |title=With six nominated members, NDA has slender majority in Rajya Sabha |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/with-six-nominated-members-nda-has-slender-majority-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/113145246.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2025-11-19 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

== Electoral system ==
[[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha|MPs]] are elected through [[indirect election]] by the members of the [[State legislative assemblies of India|State legislative assemblies]] using the system of [[proportional representation]] by means of the [[single transferable vote]]. Each voter (MLA) ranks candidates in the order of preference (marking 1, 2, 3 and so on) under an [[open ballot system]]. Candidate have to reach a specific quota of votes in order to win a seat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership of Rajya Sabha|url=https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Procedure/RajyaSabhaAtWork/English/30-85/CHAPTER3.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251121163132/https://cms.rajyasabha.nic.in/UploadedFiles/Procedure/RajyaSabhaAtWork/English/30-85/CHAPTER3.pdf|archive-date=2025-11-21}}</ref>

<math>
\text{Quota} = \left( \frac{\text{Total valid votes}}{\text{Vacancies} + 1} \right) + 1
</math>

For a single-seat election, each ballot is valued at one. When multiple seats are filled, the ballot value is set to one hundred.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutta|first=Prabhash K.|date=2020-06-19|title=Rajya Sabha election: How MPs are elected to the upper house|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rajya-sabha-election-how-mps-are-elected-to-the-upper-house-1690564-2020-06-19|access-date=2025-11-22|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

A candidate is elected unopposed when the number of candidates matches the number of available seats after nominations and withdrawals period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Handbook for Returning Officers|url=https://ceodelhi.gov.in/WriteReadData/HandBooks/Handbook_For_Returning_Officers(Council_Elections).pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802035728/https://ceodelhi.gov.in/WriteReadData/HandBooks/Handbook_For_Returning_Officers(Council_Elections).pdf|archive-date=2016-08-02}}</ref>

==Results==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
!colspan="4" rowspan="2"|Alliance/ Party
! Seats
! +/–
|-
|rowspan=7 {{party color cell|National Democratic Alliance}}
|rowspan=7 style="text-align:center;"|[[National Democratic Alliance|NDA]]
|{{party color cell|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|44
|{{color|green|+7}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|{{color|green|+2}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Telugu Desam Party}}
|[[Telugu Desam Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Janata Dal (United)}}
|[[Janata Dal (United)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}
|[[Rashtriya Lok Morcha]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}
|[[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|Shiv Sena]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#FEE4CB"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB;text-align:center;"|52
|style="color:inherit;background:#FEE4CB"|{{color|green|+11}}
|-
|rowspan=12 {{party color cell|Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance}}
|rowspan=12 style="text-align:center;"|[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance|INDIA]]
|{{party color cell|Indian National Congress}}
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|10
|{{color|red|-3}}
|-
|{{party color cell|All India Trinamool Congress}}
|[[All India Trinamool Congress]]
|style="text-align:center;"|5
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Aam Aadmi Party}}
|[[Aam Aadmi Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Indian Union Muslim League}}
|[[Indian Union Muslim League]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Samajwadi Party}}
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India}}
|[[Communist Party of India]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|0
|-
|{{party color cell|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}
|[[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|green|+1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}
|[[Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Nationalist Congress Party - Sharadchandra Pawar}}
|[[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|[[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|colspan="2"style="background:#D7F6FF"|Total
|style="color:inherit;background:#D7F6FF;text-align:center;"|26
|style="color:inherit;background:#D7F6FF"|{{color|red|-4}}
|-
|rowspan=4 {{party color cell|Others}}
|rowspan=4 style="text-align:center;"|Others
|{{party color cell|YSR Congress Party}}
|[[Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party]]
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Biju Janata Dal}}
|[[Biju Janata Dal]]
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|{{color|red|-2}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi]]
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|{{color|red|-3}}
|-
|{{party color cell|Sikkim Democratic Front}}
|[[Sikkim Democratic Front]]
|style="text-align:center;"|0
|{{color|red|-1}}
|-
|}

==Members retiring and elected==

=== January Election ===

==== [[Delhi]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/nominations-filed-by-3-aap-candidates-for-jan-19-rajya-sabha-poll/article67720413.ece|title=Nominations filed by 3 AAP candidates for Jan. 19 Rajya Sabha poll|website=The Hindu|date=8 January 2024 }}</ref>
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Singh]]
| rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" |
| rowspan=3| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| rowspan="3" |27-Jan-2024
| [[Sanjay Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Singh]]
| rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|Aam Aadmi Party}}" ;|
| rowspan=3| [[Aam Aadmi Party|AAP]]
| rowspan="3" |28-Jan-2024
|-
| 2
| [[N. D. Gupta]]
| [[N. D. Gupta]]
|-
| 3
| [[Sushil Gupta]]
| [[Swati Maliwal]]
|}

==== [[Sikkim]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Hishey Lachungpa]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Sikkim Democratic Front}}"|
| [[Sikkim Democratic Front|SDF]]
|23-Feb-2024
| [[Dorjee Tshering Lepcha]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|24-Feb-2024
|}

=== March Election ===

==== [[Andhra Pradesh]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
|[[Vemireddy Prabhakar Reddy]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSRCP}}"|
| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| rowspan="3" |02-Apr-2024
|[[Y. V. Subba Reddy]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|YSRCP}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| rowspan="3" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[C. M. Ramesh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Meda Raghunath Reddy]]
|-
| 3
| [[Kanakamedala Ravindra Kumar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}"|
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|[[Golla Baburao]]
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Sushil Modi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="6" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Dharamshila Gupta]]
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|BJP}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="6" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Anil Hegde]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
| rowspan=2| [[JD(U)]]
| [[Bhim Singh (Bihar politician)|Bhim Singh]]
|-
| 3
| [[Bashistha Narain Singh]]
| [[Sanjay Kumar Jha]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Dal (United)}}" |
|[[Janata Dal (United)|JD(U)]]
|-
| 4
| [[Akhilesh Prasad Singh]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Akhilesh Prasad Singh]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|-
| 5
| [[Ashfaque Karim]]
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
| [[Sanjay Yadav (Bihar politician)|Sanjay Yadav]]
| rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Rashtriya Janata Dal|RJD]]
|-
| 6
|[[Manoj Jha]]
|[[Manoj Jha]]
|}

==== [[Chhattisgarh]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
|[[Saroj Pandey]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|02-Apr-2024
| [[Devendra Pratap Singh (Chhattisgarh politician)|Devendra Pratap Singh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|03-Apr-2024
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat|Gujarat]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
|[[Parshottam Rupala]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="4" |02-Apr-2024
|[[J. P. Nadda]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="4" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
|[[Mansukh Mandaviya]]
|[[Govind Dholakia]]
|-
| 3
|[[Amee Yajnik]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Mayankbhai Nayak]]
|-
| 4
|[[Naranbhai Rathwa]]
|[[Jasvantsinh Parmar]]
|}

==== [[Haryana]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[D. P. Vats]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|02-Apr-2024
| [[Subhash Barala]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|03-Apr-2024
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Himachal Pradesh|Himachal Pradesh]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[J. P. Nadda]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|02-Apr-2024
| [[Harsh Mahajan]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|03-Apr-2024
|}

==== [[Karnataka]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Syed Naseer Hussain]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3 | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="4" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Syed Naseer Hussain]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan="3" | [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="4" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[L. Hanumanthaiah]]
| [[Ajay Maken]]
|-
| 3
| [[G. C. Chandrasekhar]]
| [[G. C. Chandrasekhar]]
|-
| 4
| [[Rajeev Chandrasekhar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Narayana Bhandage]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

==== [[Madhya Pradesh]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[L. Murugan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="5" |02-Apr-2024
| [[L. Murugan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=4|
|rowspan=4| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="5" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Dharmendra Pradhan]]
| [[Umesh Nath Maharaj]]
|-
| 3
| [[Kailash Soni]]
| [[Maya Naroliya]]
|-
| 4
| [[Ajay Pratap Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Ajay Pratap Singh]]
| [[Bansilal Gurjar]]
|-
| 5
| [[Rajmani Patel]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Ashok Singh (politician, born 1955)|Ashok Singh]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[bjp|INC]]
|}

==== [[Maharashtra]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Prakash Javadekar]]
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="6" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Medha Vishram Kulkarni|Medha Kulkarni]]
| rowspan=3 bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| rowspan="3" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="6" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Narayan Rane]]
| [[Ajit Gopchade]]
|-
| 3
| [[V. Muraleedharan]]
| [[Ashok Chavan]]
|-
| 4
| [[Anil Desai]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray)}}"|
| [[Shiv Sena (UBT)|SS(UBT)]]
| [[Milind Deora]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Shiv Sena (2022–present)}}"|
| [[Shiv Sena (2022–present)|SHS]]
|-
| 5
| [[Vandana Chavan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party (Sharadchandra Pawar)}}"|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party – Sharadchandra Pawar|NCP(SP)]]
| [[Praful Patel]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}"|
| [[Nationalist Congress Party|NCP]]
|-
| 6
| [[Kumar Ketkar]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Chandrakant Handore]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|}

==== [[Telangana]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Badulgula Lingaiah Yadav]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" rowspan=3|
| rowspan=3| [[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
| rowspan="3" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Renuka Chowdhury]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="3" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Joginapally Santosh Kumar]]
| [[M. Anil Kumar Yadav]]
|-
| 3
| [[Vaddiraju Ravichandra]]
| [[Vaddiraju Ravichandra]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Telangana Rashtra Samithi}}" rowspan=1|
|[[Bharat Rashtra Samithi|BRS]]
|}

==== [[Uttar Pradesh]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Sudhanshu Trivedi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=9|
| rowspan=9| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="10" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Sudhanshu Trivedi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=8|
| rowspan=8| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="10" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Kanta Kardam]]
| [[Ratanjit Pratap Narain Singh]]
|-
| 3
| [[Ashok Bajpai (politician)|Ashok Bajpai]]
| [[Chaudhary Tejveer Singh]]
|-
| 4
| [[Harnath Singh Yadav]]
| [[Sadhana Singh (politician)|Sadhana Singh]]
|-
| 5
| [[Anil Agrawal (politician)|Anil Agrawal]]
| [[Amarpal Maurya]]
|-
| 6
| [[Sakal Deep Rajbhar]]
| [[Sangeeta Balwant]]
|-
| 7
| [[Anil Jain (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Jain]]
| [[Naveen Jain (politician)|Naveen Jain]]
|-
| 8
| [[G. V. L. Narasimha Rao]]
|[[Sanjay Seth (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Sanjay Seth]]
|-
| 9
| [[Vijaypal Singh Tomar]]
| [[Ramji Lal Suman]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" rowspan=2|
| rowspan=2|[[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 10
| [[Jaya Bachchan]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}"|
| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
| [[Jaya Bachchan]]
|}

==== [[Uttarakhand]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Anil Baluni]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan=1|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|02-Apr-2024
| [[Mahendra Bhatt]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|03-Apr-2024
|}

==== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tmc-rajya-sabha-elections-sagarika-ghose-sushmita-dev-mamata-bala-thakur-mohammed-nadimal-haque-2500390-2024-02-11|title=Trinamool, BJP field candidates from West Bengal for upcoming Rajya Sabha elections|website=India Today|date=11 February 2024 }}</ref>
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Nadimul Haque]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| rowspan="5" |02-Apr-2024
| [[Nadimul Haque]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|All India Trinamool Congress}}" rowspan=4|
| rowspan=4| [[All India Trinamool Congress|TMC]]
| rowspan="5" |03-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Subhasish Chakraborty]]
| [[Mamata Bala Thakur]]
|-
| 3
| [[Abir Biswas]]
| [[Sagarika Ghose]]
|-
| 4
| [[Santunu Sen]]
| [[Sushmita Dev]]
|-
| 5
| [[Abhishek Singhvi]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
|[[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| [[Samik Bhattacharya]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|BJP}}"|
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

==== [[Odisha]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Amar Patnaik]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" rowspan="2" |
| rowspan=2| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| rowspan="3" |03-Apr-2024
| [[Debashish Samantaray]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" rowspan="2" |
| rowspan=2| [[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
| rowspan="3" |04-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Prashanta Nanda]]
| [[Subhashish Khuntia]]
|-
| 3
| [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|}

==== [[Rajasthan]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Manmohan Singh]]
| bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="2" |03-Apr-2024
| [[Sonia Gandhi]]<ref name="Sonia Gandhi elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan" />
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| rowspan="3" |04-Apr-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Bhupender Yadav]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| [[Chunnilal Garasiya]]<ref name="Sonia Gandhi elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan">{{cite news |last1=The Hindu |date=20 February 2024 |title=Sonia Gandhi elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rs-from-rajasthan/article67866770.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220135027/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sonia-gandhi-elected-unopposed-to-rs-from-rajasthan/article67866770.ece |archive-date=20 February 2024 |access-date=20 February 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" rowspan="2" |
| rowspan=2| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| 3
| colspan="4" |'''Vacant''' ([[Kirodi Lal Meena]])
| [[Madan Rathore]]<ref name="Sonia Gandhi elected unopposed to Rajya Sabha from Rajasthan" />
|}

==== [[Jharkhand]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
!colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Sameer Oraon]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |03-May-2024
| Pradeep Verma
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}"|
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |04-May-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Dhiraj Prasad Sahu]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian National Congress}}"|
| [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
|[[Sarfaraz Ahmad]]
|width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Jharkhand Mukti Morcha}}"|
| [[Jharkhand Mukti Morcha|JMM]]
|}

=== June election ===

==== [[Kerala]] ====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term end
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
|-
| 1
| [[Binoy Viswam]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|01-Jul-2024
| [[P. P. Suneer]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India|CPI]]
|02-Jul-2024
|-
| 2
| [[Jose K. Mani]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KCM]]
|01-Jul-2024
| [[Jose K. Mani]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Kerala Congress (M)}}" |
| [[Kerala Congress (M)|KCM]]
|02-Jul-2024
|-
| 3
| [[Elamaram Kareem]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}" |
| [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI(M)]]
|01-Jul-2024
| [[Haris Beeran]]
| width="1px" bgcolor="{{party color|Indian Union Muslim League}}" |
| [[Indian Union Muslim League|IUML]]
|02-Jul-2024
|}

== [[List of nominated members of the Rajya Sabha|Nominations]] ==
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Nominated MP
! colspan="2" |Affiliation
!Field
!Term start
!Nominated by
|-
|1
|[[Satnam Singh Sandhu]]
| bgcolor="#FF9933" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|[[Education]]
|31-Jan-2024
| rowspan="2" |[[Droupadi Murmu]]
|-
|2
|[[Sudha Murty]]
| bgcolor="#000000" |
|[[Nominated|NOM]]
|[[Social work]] and [[Education]]
|08-Mar-2024
|}

== By-elections ==
===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh|Andhra Pradesh]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Mopidevi Venkataramana]]
|rowspan=3 style="background-color:{{party color|YSR Congress Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[YSR Congress Party|YSRCP]]
| rowspan="3" |29-Aug-2024
|[[Sana Satish]]
|rowspan style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
| rowspan="3" |13-Dec-2024
|21-Jun-2026
|Resignation
|-
|2
|[[R. Krishnaiah]]
|[[R. Krishnaiah]]
|rowspan style="background-color:{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" | 21-Jun-2028
|Resignation
|-
|2
|[[Beeda Masthan Rao]]
| [[Beeda Masthan Rao]]
|rowspan style="background-color:{{party color|Telugu Desam Party}}" |
| [[Telugu Desam Party|TDP]]
|Resignation
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Assam|Assam]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Kamakhya Prasad Tasa]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|BJP}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |05-Jun-2024
|[[Mission Ranjan Das]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|BJP}}" |
| rowspan="2" | [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| rowspan="2" |28-Aug-2024
|14-Jun-2025
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|-
|2
|[[Sarbananda Sonowal]]
|[[Rameswar Teli]]
|09-Apr-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Bihar|Bihar]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Vivek Thakur]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| rowspan="2" |05-Jun-2024
|[[Upendra Kushwaha]]
|{{party name with colour| Rashtriya Lok Morcha}}
| rowspan="2" |28-Aug-2024
|09-Apr-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|-
|2
|[[Misa Bharti]]
|{{party name with color|Rashtriya Janata Dal}}
|[[Manan Kumar Mishra]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|07-Jul-2028
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Haryana|Haryana]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Deepender Singh Hooda]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|05-Jun-2024
|[[Kiran Choudhry|Kiran Chaudhary]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|28-Aug-2024
|09-Apr-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|-
|2
|[[Krishan Lal Panwar]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|15-Oct-2024
|[[Rekha Sharma (Indian politician)|Rekha Sharma]]
|13-Dec-2024
|01-Aug-2028
|Elected to [[15th Haryana Assembly]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh|Madhya Pradesh]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Jyotiraditya Scindia]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|05-Jun-2024
|[[George Kurian (politician)|George Kurian]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28-Aug-2024
|21-Jun-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra|Maharashtra]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Praful Patel]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|27-Feb-2024
|[[Sunetra Pawar]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
|21-Jun-2024
|04-Jul-2028
|Resignation
|-
|2
|[[Udayanraje Bhosale]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| rowspan="2" |05-Jun-2024
|[[Dhairyashil Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| rowspan="2" |28-Aug-2024
|02-Apr-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|-
|3
|[[Piyush Goyal]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|[[Nitin Patil]]
|{{party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party }}
|04-Jul-2028
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Odisha|Odisha]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Mamata Mohanta]]
|rowspan=2 style="background-color:{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Biju Janata Dal|BJD]]
|31-Jul-2024
|[[Mamata Mohanta]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|28-Aug-2024
| rowspan="2" |02-Apr-2026
|Resignation
|-
|2
|[[Sujeet Kumar (politician)|Sujeet Kumar]]
|06-Sep-2024
|[[Sujeet Kumar (politician)|Sujeet Kumar]]
|13-Dec-2024
|Resignation
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Rajasthan|Rajasthan]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[K. C. Venugopal]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|05-Jun-2024
|[[Ravneet Singh Bittu]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|28-Aug-2024
|21-Jun-2026
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Telangana|Telangana]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[K. Keshava Rao]]
|{{party name with colour|Bharat Rashtra Samithi}}
|05-Jul-2024
|[[Abhishek Manu Singhvi]]
|{{party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|28-Aug-2024
|09-Apr-2026
|Resignation
|}

===[[List of Rajya Sabha members from Tripura|Tripura]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Biplab Kumar Deb]]
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|05-Jun-2024
|[[Rajib Bhattacharjee]]

|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|27-Aug-2024
|02-Apr-2028
|Elected to [[18th Lok Sabha]]
|}

=== [[List of Rajya Sabha members from West Bengal|West Bengal]] ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!#
!Previous MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Vacancy date
! Elected MP
! colspan="2" |Party
!Term start
!Term end
!Reason for Vacancy
|-
|1
|[[Jawhar Sircar]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|08-Sep-2024
|[[Ritabrata Banerjee]]
|{{party name with color|Trinamool Congress}}
|13-Dec-2024
|02-Apr-2026
|Resignation
|}

== See also ==

* [[List of current members of the Rajya Sabha]]
* [[2024 elections in India]]
* [[2024 Indian general election]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Rajya Sabha}}

[[Category:2024 elections in India|Rajya Sabha]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha elections in India]]

Bharvir Khurd

2026-03-28T03:30:47Z

LatonyaBiaggini: creating!

{{short description|Village in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bharvir Khurd
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang = mr
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 300
| image_style =
| perrow = 1/3/2/1
| caption_align = center
| image1 =
| caption1 = Drone view of Bharvir Interchange
}}
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|19.7555159|73.7938359|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nashik district|Nashik]]
| established_title = 
| subdivision_type3 = Taluka
| subdivision_name3 = Igatpuri
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = [[Bhairava]]nth
| government_type = [[Grampanchayat]]
| governing_body = Bharvir Khurd Grampanchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 =
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 422403
| registration_plate = MH-15
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
'''Bharvir Khurd''' is a village of [[Igatpuri]] [[Taluka]] in [[Nashik District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Maharashtra]]. It is located near the [[Kadwa Dam|Kadwa Reservoir]]. It is one of the interchange between [[Mumbai-Nagpur Expressway]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mahasamruddhimahamarg.com/interchanges-way-to-prosperity-part-5/|title=Interchanges: Way To Prosperity part-5|publisher=MSRDC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/shinde-to-inaugurate-phase-2-of-samruddhi-mahamarg-on-may-26-8623649/lite/|title=Shinde to inaugurate Phase 2 of Samruddhi Mahamarg on May 26|publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref> connecting with [[National Highway 160A (India)|National Highway 160A]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nashik district topics}}
[[Category:Villages in Nashik district]]
[[Category:Villages in Igatpuri taluka]]

List of sectors in the Bangladesh Liberation War

2026-03-26T19:57:32Z

LatonyaBiaggini: general cleaned up information after review and updated info

{{Short description|none}} 
[[Image:Sectors of Bangladesh Liberation War.svg|thumb|240px|Map showing Bangladesh Liberation War Sectors]]

During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War|Bangladesh War of Independence]], the [[Bangladesh Forces]] (not to be confused with Mukti Bahini) were divided in the geographical area of Bangladesh into eleven divisions designat
.army.mil.bd}}</ref> Each sector had a sector commander I.e. Division Commanders who directed the military operation further coordinated through several sub-sectors under sub-sector commanders who fought along with their troops and civilian resistance fighters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muktijuddho (Bangladesh Liberation War 1971) - Eleven (11) Sectors - History of Bangladesh|url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/23-history-of-bangladesh/1971-muktijuddho/136-muktijuddho-bangladesh-liberation-war-1971-eleven-11-sectors-history-of-bangladesh|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Londoni|language=en-gb}}</ref> Most of the Sector Commanders and quite a number of sub-sector commanders remained in security under Indian BSF border camps such as Wing Commander Bashar, Major Shafiullah, Major Mir Shawkat Ali.<ref name="Khan" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Sectors in liberation War - Bangladesh Army|url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Sectors-in-Liberation-War|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.army.mil.bd}}</ref>

==History==

===Bangladesh Sector Commanders Conference===
The history of the Bangladesh war of Independence dates back to April 1971 when it began its inception with the title of Bangladesh Forces during the first Bangladesh Sector Commanders Conference held in the week of July 11–17, 1971.<ref>{{Cite web|title=War of Liberation, The - Banglapedia|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=War_of_Liberation,_The|access-date=2020-12-31|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> It was at this conference during which time BD Forces was organized and formed for the independence struggle.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} It was significant in the light of its official creation and formation as [[Bangladesh Forces]], its command structuring, sector reorganization, reinforcement and appointing war commanders were its principal focus.<ref name=":4" />

This conference was presided over by the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, [[Tajuddin Ahmed]], and Colonel M.A.G. Osmani, during which General Muhammad Ataul Gani Osmani was reinstated from retirement to active duty into the Bangladesh Forces as its senior most official.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sector Commanders' Forum shocked at the government's silence on trial of war criminals {{!}} E-Bangladesh|url=https://www.ebangladesh.com/508|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.ebangladesh.com}}</ref> Colonel M.A.G. Osmani had thereby been appointed Commander in Chief of all [[Bangladesh Forces]] with Lt. Col M. A. Rab as Chief of Army Staff. Principal participants of this conference was Squadron Leader [[M. Hamidullah Khan]], Major [[Ziaur Rahman]], Wing Commander [[M Khademul Bashar]], Major [[M. A. Jalil]], Captain Haider, Lt. Col. M A Rab.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2020-09-08|title=Remembering two key 1971 commanders we just lost|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/tribute/news/remembering-two-key-1971-commanders-we-just-lost-1957513|access-date=2020-12-31|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref>

===Structure===
The Bangladesh Forces was organized for the war in 1971 into in 11 divisions (sectors) and later 3 indep brigades were christened, under BDF HQ situated at 8 Theatre Road, Calcutta, West Bengal. Bangladesh interim provincial government of July 11, 1971 appointed Col. M A G Osmani as Commander in Chief.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Osmany, General Mohammad Ataul Ghani - Banglapedia|url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Osmany,_General_Mohammad_Ataul_Ghani|access-date=2020-12-31|website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ataul Ghani Osmani (Bangabir) - summary - biography of Muslim and Bengali|url=http://www.londoni.co/index.php/13-history-of-bangladesh/biography/239-muhammad-ataul-ghani-osmani-bangabir-summary-biography-of-muslim-and-bengali|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Londoni|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-09-01|title=O General, My General|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/o-general-my-general-1278466|access-date=2020-12-31|website=The Daily Star|language=en}}</ref> Lt. Col Rab was appointed as Chief of Bangladesh Army Staff. In this meeting, Bangladesh was divided into Eleven Divisions (Sectors) under BDF Commanders.<ref name=Khan>{{cite web |url=http://www.bengalrenaissance.com/war.html |title=List of Sectors in Bangladesh War of Independence |author=Muhammad Hamidullah Khan |author-link=Muhammad Hamidullah Khan |website=Bengalrenaissance.com |access-date=4 June 2014}}</ref>

BDF Commanders of the sectors directed the guerrilla warfare. For better efficiency in military operations each of the BFF sectors were divided into a number of sub-sectors. On November 21, 1971 Bangladesh Forces under Indian Army formed an allied command in which India took surrender of Pakistani forces on December 16, 1971.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> The table below provides a list of the BDF sectors along with the area under each of them, the names of the BDF commanders of 11 sectors and sub-sectors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Sector Commanders - Liberation War Museum|url=https://www.liberationwarmuseumbd.org/sector-commanders/|access-date=2020-12-31|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Sector Details - Bangladesh Army|url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Sector/8|access-date=2020-12-31|website=www.army.mil.bd}}</ref>

The 10th BDF Sector was directly placed under Commander in Chief and included the Naval Commandos and C-in-C's special force. These commandos were later absorbed into the Bangladesh Navy. BDF Commanders directed the guerrilla warfare against West Pakistani forces.<ref name=":0" />

===Indian participation===
The [[Bangladesh Forces]] (BDF) received assistance from the Indian authorities soon after hostilities started. On December 3, 1971, The Indian Army entered Bangladesh through air and land.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Haider|first=Zaglul|date=2009-10-01|title=A Revisit to the Indian Role in the Bangladesh Liberation War|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909609340062|journal=Journal of Asian and African Studies|language=en|volume=44|issue=5|pages=537–551|doi=10.1177/0021909609340062|s2cid=143786875|issn=0021-9096|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The Pakistani forces morally broken and militarily devastated by the BD Forces, agreed to a cease fire without defiance in about one and a half weeks, on December 16, 1971.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=India's Role in the Emergence of Bangladesh as an independent state|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314782276|access-date=2020-12-31|website=[[ResearchGate]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Zakaria|first=Anam|title=Remembering the war of 1971 in East Pakistan|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2019/12/16/remembering-the-war-of-1971-in-east-pakistan|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref>

The ceasefire was switched to a surrender document by the Indian government which the Commanding General of the Pakistan Army Eastern Command signed reluctantly. Victory was declared by the Indian authorities and all prisoners of war including combat material were taken to India. Bangladesh Forces were ordered for complete sector close down and demobilization on January 29 by end of March 1972 under the direction of General M.A.G Osmani in final Sector Commanders Conference held at the old Police HQ at 27 Old Mintu Road, Dhaka. All BDF sector Commanders along with C-in-C BDF Gen. M.A.G. Osmani transferred from their posts to respective services. The first government of Bangladesh was formed on 10 April 1971. They took an oath on 17 April 1971.<ref name="MURSHID 2011 53–60">{{Cite journal|last=Murshid|first=Navine|date=2011|title=India's Role in Bangladesh's War of Independence: Humanitarianism or Self-interest?|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41719989|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|volume=46|issue=52|pages=53–60|jstor=41719989|issn=0012-9976}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|title=Indian Involvement - Liberation War|url=https://sites.google.com/site/bdliberationwar1971/liberation-war/indian-involvement|access-date=2020-12-31|website=sites.google.com}}</ref>

==List of sectors and sub sectors==
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" style="background:tan;" | Sectors of the [[Bangladesh War of Independence]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sector Commanders in the Bangladesh Liberation War|url=https://www.primeuniversity.edu.bd/081018/contents/war.php|access-date=2020-12-31|website=Prime University}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />
|- style="background-color: #ffdab9;"
! Sector
! width="200pt" | Area
! width="200pt" | Sector Commander
! Sub Sectors (Commanders)
! Political Advisor
|-valign="top"
| '''1'''
|width="200pt"|[[Chittagong District]], [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], and the entire eastern area of the [[Noakhali District]] on the banks of the river [[Muhuri river|Muhuri]]. The headquarters of the sector was at Harina.
|width="120pt"| • Major [[Ziaur Rahman]] (April 10, 1971 – May 5, 1971) • Captain [[Rafiqul Islam (Bangladeshi politician)|Rafiqul Islam]] (June 10, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Rishimukh (Flight Lieutenant [[Shamsul Alam (Bir Uttam)|Shamsul Islam]]);
# Sreenagar (Captain Matiur Rahman, Captain [[Abu Yousuf Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman|Mahfuzur Rahman]]);
# Manughat (Captain [[Abu Yousuf Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman|Mahfuzur Rahman]]);
# Tabalchhari (Sergeant Ali Hossain); and
# Dimagiri ([[Asoke Das Gupta]]).
||
|-valign="top"
| '''2'''
|width="200pt"|Districts of [[Dhaka District|Dhaka]], [[Comilla District|Comilla]], and [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]], and part of [[Noakhali District]].The headquarters of the sector was at Melaghar
|width="120pt"|• Major [[Khaled Mosharraf]] (April 10, 1971 – September 22, 1971) • Major [[ATM Haider]] (Sector Commander September 22, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Gangasagar, Akhaura and Kasba (Mahbub, Lieutenant Farooq, and Lieutenant Humayun Kabir);
# Mandabhav (Captain Abdul Hamid);
# Shalda-nadi (Mahmud Hasan);
# Matinagar (Lieutenant Didarul Alam);
# Nirbhoypur (Captain Akbar, Lieutenant Mahbub);
# Rajnagar (Captain [[Jafar Imam (captain)|Jafar Imam]], Captain Shahid, and Lieutenant [[Imamuzzaman]])and
# Nagarkandha (Sayed Abdul Halim)
|rowspan=2| R.K Chowdhury (April, 1971 - December 15, 1971)
|-valign="top"
| '''3'''
|width="200pt"|Area between Churaman Kathi (near Sreemangal) and [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]] in the north and Singerbil of [[Brahmanbaria District|Brahmanbaria]] in the south.
|width="120pt"|• Major [[K M Shafiullah|K. M. Shafiullah]] (April 10, 1971 – July 21, 1971) • Captain [[A. N. M. Nuruzzaman]] (July 23, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Asrambari (Captain [[Abdul Aziz Pasha]], Captain Ejaz);
# Baghaibari (Captain Abdul Aziz Pasha, Captain Ejaz);
# Hatkata (Captain Matiur Rahman);
# Simla (Captain Matin);
# Panchabati (Captain Nasim);
# Mantala (Captain MSA Bhuyan);
# Vijoynagar (Captain MSA Bhuyan);
# Kalachhora (Lieutenant Majumdar);
# Kalkalia (Lieutenant [[Golam Helal Morshed]]); and
# Bamutia (Lieutenant Sayeed)
|-valign="top"
| '''4'''
|width="200pt"|Area from [[Habiganj District]] on the north to Kanaighat Police Station on the south along the {{convert|100|mi|km|adj=mid|-long|order=flip}} border with [[India]]. The headquarters of the sector was initially at Karimganj and later at Masimpur.
|width="120pt"|• Major [[Chitta Ranjan Dutta]] (April 10, 1971 – April 6, 1972) • Captain A Rob
|
# Jalalpur [[Mahbubur Rob Sadi]];
# Barapunji (Babrul Hussain Babul F.F., Captain A Rab & Lieutenant Amirul Haque Chowdhury);
# Amlasid (Lieutenant Zahir);
# Kukital (Flight Lieutenant Kader, Captain Shariful Haq);
# Kailas Shahar (Lieutenant Wakiuzzaman); and Subedar Major (Asst Director) Fazlul Haque Chowdhury EX EPR (from April'71 - August '71)
# Kamalpur (Captain Enam)
||
|-valign="top"
| '''5'''
|width="200pt"|Area from Durgapur to Dawki (Tamabil) of [[Sylhet District]] and the entire area up to the eastern borders of the [[Sylhet District|district]]. The headquarters of the sector was at Banshtola.
|width="120pt"|• Major [[Mir Shawkat Ali]] (April 10, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Muktapur (Captain Qazi Faruq Ahmed, Subsector Commander, 16 June 1971 till 6 April 1972; Subedar Mujibur Rahman, Second in Command; Nayeb Subedar Nazir Hussain, Admin in charge(non-combatant)
# Dawki (Subedar Major BR Chowdhury, (non-combatant);
# Shela (Captain Helal);
# Bholaganj (Lieutenant Taheruddin Akhunji);
# Balat (Sergeant Ghani, Captain Salahuddin and Enamul Haq Chowdhury); and
# Barachhara (Captain Muslim Uddin).
# Captain Abdul Mutalib was in charge of Sangram Punji (Jaflong) until 10 May 1971
||
|-valign="top"
| '''6'''
|width="200pt"|[[Rangpur District]] and part of [[Dinajpur District (Bangladesh)|Dinajpur District]]. The headquarters of the sector was at Burimari near Patgram.
|width="120pt"|• Wing Commander [[M Khademul Bashar]] (April 10, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Bhajanpur (Captain Nazrul, Flight Lieutenant [[Sadruddin Mohammad Hossain|Sadruddin]] and Captain Shahriyar);
# Patgram (initially divided between junior commissioned officers of the EPR and later taken hold by Captain Matiur Rahman);
# Sahebganj (Captain [[Nawazesh Uddin]]);
# Phulbari, Kurigram (Captain Abul Hossain)
# Mogalhat (Captain [[Mohammad Delwar Hossain|Delwar]]); and
# Chilahati (Flight Lieutenant Iqbal)
||
|-valign="top"
| '''7'''
|width="200pt"|[[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]], [[Pabna District|Pabna]], [[Bogra District|Bogra]] and part of [[Dinajpur District (Bangladesh)|Dinajpur District]]. The headquarters of the sector was at Tarangpur near Kaliaganj.
|width="120pt"|• Major [[Nazmul Huq]] (April 10 – September 27, 1971) • Major [[Quazi nooruzzaman]] (September 30 – April 6, 1972) • Subedar Major A Rab
|
# Malan (initially divided between junior commissioned officers and later taken hold by Captain [[Mohiuddin Jahangir]]);
# Tapan (Major [[Nazmul Huq]], also commanded by commanding officers of the [[Bangladesh Rifles|EPR]]);
# Mehdipur (Subedar Iliyas, Captain [[Mohiuddin Jahangir]]);
# Hamzapur (Captain Idris);
# Anginabad (unnamed freedom fighter);
# Sheikhpara (Captain Rashid);
# Thokrabari (Subedar Muazzam); and
# Lalgola (Captain Gheyasuddin Chowdhury).
||
|-valign="top"
| '''8'''
|width="200pt"|In April 1971, the operational area of the sector comprised the districts of [[Kushtia District|Kushtia]], [[Jessore District|Jessore]], [[Khulna District|Khulna]], [[Barisal District|Barisal]], [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]] and [[Patuakhali District|Patuakhali]]. At the end of May the sector was reconstituted and comprised the districts of Kuhstia, Jessore, Khulna, [[Satkhira District|Satkhira]] and the northern part of Faridpur district. The headquarters of the sector was at [[Benapole]].
|width="120pt"|• Major [[Abu Osman Chowdhury]] (April 10 – July 17, 1971) • Major [[Abul Manzoor]] (August 14, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Boyra (Captain [[Khondakar Nazmul Huda]]);
# Hakimpur (Captain Shafiq Ullah);
# Bhomra (Captain Salahuddin, Captain Shahabuddin);
# Lalbazar (Captain AR Azam Chowdhury);
# Banpur (Captain Mostafizur Rahman);
# Benapole (Captain Abdul Halim, Captain [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]]); and
# Shikarpur (Captain [[Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury]], Lieutenant Jahangir).
||
|-valign="top"
| '''9'''
|width="200pt"|[[Barisal District|Barisal]], [[Patuakhali District|Patuakhali]], and parts of the district of [[Khulna District|Khulna]] and [[Faridpur District|Faridpur]].The headquarters of the sector was at [[Hasnabad]]
|width="120pt"|• Major [[M. A. Jalil]] (July 17 – December 24, 1971) • Major [[MA Manzur]] • Major Joynal Abedin
|
# Barisal (Assistant Adjutant of Ansar & VDP Mr.Fakir Abdul Mazed);
# Potuakhali (Abdus Salam Mia); and
# Shamshernagar.
||
|-valign="top"
| '''10'''
|width="200pt"|The operational area of the sector was at [[Bay of Bengal]].
|width="120pt"|• [[Lieutenant]] [[AM Ataul Haque]] (July 17 – December 16, 1971)
|None.
||
|-valign="top"
| '''11'''
|width="200pt"|[[Mymensingh District|Mymensingh]] and [[Tangail District|Tangail]] along with parts of [[Rangpur District|Rangpur]] - [[Gaibandha District|Gaibandha]], [[Ulipur Upazila|Ulipur]], Kamalpur and [[Chilmari Upazila|Chilmari]]. The headquarters of the sector was at Teldhala until October 10, then transferred to Mahendraganj.
|width="120pt"|
• [[Major (rank)|Major]] [[Ziaur Rahman]] June 10, 1971 – October 10, 1971 
• (Interim) Major [[Abu Taher]] (October 10, 1971 – November 2, 1971 (injured from minor grenade blast) 
• [[Squadron Leader]] [[M. Hamidullah Khan]] (November 2, 1971 – April 6, 1972)
|
# Mankachar (Squadron Leader [[M. Hamidullah Khan]]);<ref
name=Khan/>
# Mahendraganj (Major [[Abu Taher]]; Lieutenant Mannan);
# Purakhasia (Lieutenant [[Mohammad Kismat Hashem|Hashem]]);
# Dhalu (Lieutenant Taher; Lieutenant [[Sheikh Kamal|Kamal]]);
# Rangra (Matiur Rahman)
# Shibbari (divided between junior commissioned officers of the EPR);
Bagmara (divided between junior commissioned officers of the EPR);
# Maheshkhola (a member of the EPR);
||
|-
|}

== List of Brigade Formations ==

* ''[[Z Force (Bangladesh)|Z Force]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pdfcast.org/pdf/z-force-organogram-1971-bangladesh-liberation-war|title=Z Force organogram|publisher=Pdfcast.org|date=2012-07-12|access-date=2013-02-18}}</ref> commanded by Lt. Col. [[Ziaur Rahman]], consisted of 1, 3 and 8 [[East Bengal Regiment]].
* Brigade Major - Captain [[Oli Ahmad]]
* D-Q Officer – Captain Sadeque<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=The Liberation War of Bangladesh: Role of the Army |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321070743 |access-date=2020-12-31 |website=ResearchGate |language=en}}</ref>
* Brigade Medical Officer - Dr. H K M Abdul Hye
** '''1st''' [[East Bengal Regiment]] – '''[[Commanding Officer|CO]]''' – Major [[Mohammad Ziauddin (Military Officer)|Mohammad Ziauddin]]. 1st East Bengal Regiment's Senior Officer Major Ziauddin was appointed as CO on 12 August 1971 after the operational attack on [[Pakistan Army]]BOP at Kamalpur took place on 31 July 1971 under BDF Sector 11.
*** - Battalion Adjutant/[[Quartermaster]]: [[Flight Lieutenant]] ''Liaqat Ali Khan''
*** 'Alpha' Company Commander: [[Captain (land)|Captain]] ''Mahbubur Rahman''
*** 'Bravo' Company Commander: Captain ''[[Hafizuddin Ahmed|Hafiz Uddin Ahmad]]''
*** 'Charlie' Company Commander: Captain ''[[Salauddin Mumtaz]]''
*** Acting Company Commander – [[Second Lieutenant]] ''Anisur Rahman''<ref name=":8" />
*** Acting Platoon Commander – Second Lieutenant ''[[Wakar Hassan]]''<ref name=":8" />
** '''3rd''' East Bengal Regiment – '''CO''' : Major '''[[Shafaat Jamil]]'''.
*** - [[Second-in-command|2IC]]: Captain ''[[Mohsin Uddin Ahmed|Mohsin Uddin Ahmad]]''
*** - Battalion Adjutant: Flight Lieutenant ''Ashraful Alam''
*** - [[Regimental Medical Officer|RMO]]: Dr ''Wasi Uddin''
*** - Acting Company Commander: Second Lieutenant ''Fazle Hossain''
*** - Company Officer: Flight Lieutenant ''Ashraful Alam''
*** - Platoon Commander: Second Lieutenant ''Manzur Ahmad''
*** 'Alpha' Company: Captain ''Anwar Hossain''
*** 'Bravo' Company: Captain ''Akbar Hossain''
*** 'Charlie' Company: Captain ''[[Mohsin Uddin Ahmad]]''
** '''8th''' East Bengal Regiment – '''CO''': Major '''[[Abu Zafar Muhammad Aminul Haque]]'''
*** - 2IC: Captain ''Khaleq Uz Zaman Chowdhury''
*** - RMO: Dr ''Belayet Hossain''
*** - Acting Company Commander: Second Lieutenant ''Emdadul Haq''
*** - Company Officer: Second Lieutenant ''Munibur Rahman''
*** - Platoon Commander: Second Lieutenant ''Abu Zafar''
*** 'Alpha' Company: Captain ''Khaleq Uz Zaman Chowdhury''
*** 'Bravo' Company: Captain ''Sadeq Hossain''
*** 'Charlie' Company: Lieutenant ''Modasser Hossain''
*** 'Delta' Company: Lieutenant ''Mahbubur Rahman''
** '''2nd''' [[Field Artillery]] Battery ('''Rawshanara Battery''') – '''CO''': Major '''[[Khandaker Abdur Rashid|Khandkar Abdur Rashid]].''' During mid-September six 105 mm [[Howitzer|Howitzers]] were delivered at Assam's Masimpur district from India's Echo sector. Primarily with these six artillery pieces the '''2nd FA battery''' was formed at Koishal, India, opposite Sylhet border area. From 10, 2 October FA battery assisted Z Force in the Sylhet sector in direct fire support and ground operations during multiple missions against [[Pakistan]] army strongholds.
*** - Battery Adjutant: Captain ''[[AM Rashed Chowdhury|A. M. Rashed Chowdhury]]''
*** - Battery Officer: Second Lieutenant ''[[Kazi Sazzad Ali Zahir]]''
** '''No. 1 Signal Company''' – Unit formed on 5 September 1971, '''CO''': '''Captain''' '''Abdul Halim.''' Since October the First Signal Company of Bangladesh Forces was assigned to Z Force's 8th [[East Bengal Regiment]] and participated in every single mission. Notably in the [[Sylhet]] zone '''4th''' and '''5th Sector''''s Borolekha, Fultola, Adamtila, Biyani Bazar operations.
* ''[[K Force (Bangladesh)|K Force]]'', commanded by Lt. Col. [[Khaled Mosharraf]], was created in September with 4, 9 and 10 [[East Bengal Regiment]].
** 4th East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major [[M. A. Gaffar Haldar|M.A. Gaffar Haldar]]
** 9th East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Captain Muhammad Ainuddin
** 10th East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major [[Abdus Saleq Chowdhury]] (14 October-23 October) and Captain [[Zafar Imam]] (24 October-16 December)
** 1st Field Artillery Battery - Commanding Officer – Captain [[Abdul Aziz Pasha]]
* ''[[S Force (Bangladesh)|S Force]]'', with Major [[K M Shafiullah|K.M. Safiullah]], was created in October 1971 and consisted of 2 and 11 [[East Bengal Regiment]].
** 2nd East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major [[Moinul Hossain Chowdhury]]
** 11th East Bengal Regiment - Commanding Officer - Major [[Abu Saleh Mohammad Nasim]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Liberation of Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh Liberation War]]
[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Mukti Bahini]]

Vice President's Enclave

2026-03-26T14:10:08Z

LatonyaBiaggini: new redirect

{{Short description|Official residence of the Vice President of the Republic of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox Historic building
| name = Vice-President's Enclave
| image =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India New Delhi
| map_caption = Location of Vice-President's Enclave
| coordinates = {{coord|28.61655|77.2039|format=dms|region:IN-DL|display=inline,title}}
| address = 108, Church Road, [[New Delhi]], [[Delhi]] – 110006
| location =
| location_country = {{flag|India}}
| size = {{cvt|15|acre|order=flip}}
| current_tenants = [[C. P. Radhakrishnan]] and his family
| construction_start_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2021|02|22}}
| completion_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2024|02|15}}
| opened_date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2024|02|18}}
| architect = [[Bimal Patel (architect)|Bimal Patel]]
| architecture_firm = HCP Design, Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.
| main_contractor = Kamladityya Construction Pvt. Ltd.
| public_transit =  {{ric|Delhi Metro}} [[Central Secretariat metro station|Central Secretariat]]
}}
'''Vice President's Enclave''' ([[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|IAST]]: ''Uparashtrapati Bhavan'') is the [[official residence]] and workplace of the [[Vice President of India|Vice President of the Republic of India]], located on 108, Church Road, New Delhi - 110 001.<ref name="e726">{{cite web | title=Delhi Confidential: As Jagdeep Dhankhar moves in, a new VIP address in Lutyens' Delhi | website=The Indian Express | date=9 April 2024 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/delhi-confidential/vice-president-jagdeep-dhankhar-official-residence-central-vista-9259157/ | access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref>

==History==
From May 1962 until February 2024, the bungalow located at [[6, Maulana Azad Road]] in New Delhi served as the [[official residence]] of the Vice President of India.<ref name="b666">{{cite web | title=Dhankhar, His Secretariat Move To New Addresses | website=The Times of India | date=5 April 2024 | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/dhankhar-his-secretariat-move-to-new-addresses/articleshow/109047556.cms | access-date=7 February 2025}}</ref> The area of the residence was {{cvt|6.48|acre}}. It was a standalone building with limited facilities. It shared a common boundary wall with the [[Vigyan Bhavan]] Annexe on the west and was bounded by Maulana Azad Road in the south, Man Singh Road in the east, and the green area abutting [[Rajpath|Kartavya Path]].

As a part of the [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]], a new residence and secretariat for the Vice President was built at 108, Church Road, New Delhi. The then Vice President [[Jagdeep Dhankhar]] and his family were the first to move into the new Vice-President Enclave on 14 February 2024 on the occasion of ''[[Vasant Panchami]]''.<ref name="b666"/>

The new complex is the first of the residential premises under the Central Vista redevelopment plan to be completed. The Enclave spans a 15-acre plot with a built-up area of 215,278 square feet and a total plinth area of approximately 20,000 square meters. It comprises multiple structures, including the Residence, featuring one basement, a ground floor, and an upper floor; a Secretariat building with a ground and an upper floor; a CPWD block with similar specifications; and barracks, also consisting of a ground and an upper floor. Additional facilities include a Guest House, a Sports Facility with a single ground floor, swimming pool, staff Quarters with a ground and upper floor, and various Ancillary Buildings with ground floors of varying heights.

===Early history===
The bungalow at 6, Maulana Azad Road was constructed in the 1920s as part of the larger New Delhi redevelopment scheme, which was undertaken following the decision to shift the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi. This plan, led by architects such as [[Edwin Lutyens]] and [[Herbert Baker]], included a plan for the creation of a series of residential bungalows to house senior British officials. Designed by [[Robert Tor Russell]], a prominent architect of the era, the bungalow exemplified the colonial architectural style of the time, with spacious interiors, high ceilings, and expansive lawns. The road was formerly known as King Edward Road.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/6-maulana-azad-road-history-to-be-replaced-by-high-rise/articleshow/109604576.cms|title=6 Maulana Azad Road: History to be replaced by high-rise|date=26 April 2024|publisher=Times of India}}</ref>

===Designation as Vice President's Residence===
Following the adoption of the Indian Constitution in 1950, the position of Vice President was created as the second-highest constitutional office in the country. When Dr. [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]] became the first Vice President of India in 1952, 6, King Edward Road (as it was known earlier) was selected to serve as the official residence due to its proximity to the central administrative buildings such as Rashtrapati Bhavan, Parliament House, and other official buildings.

It was only after the death of India’s first education minister, [[Maulana Azad]], that the road, where his bungalow no. 4 was located, was renamed Maulana Azad Road in his honor.<ref name="auto"/>

===New Vice President's Enclave===
Given that the previous residence of the Vice President was a standalone, mid-sized bungalow with limited facilities, the urgent need for a larger residence and an upgraded secretariat arose.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-11 |title=Sprawling bungalow and Rs 4 lakh salary: How Jagdeep Dhankhar's life will change as Vice President of India |url=https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/sprawling-bungalow-and-rs-4-lakh-salary-how-jagdeep-dhankhars-life-will-change-as-vice-president-of-india-11043221.html |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812165541/https://www.firstpost.com/explainers/sprawling-bungalow-and-rs-4-lakh-salary-how-jagdeep-dhankhars-life-will-change-as-vice-president-of-india-11043221.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Under the Central Vista Redevelopment Project, a new and significantly larger residence, along with a dedicated secretariat for the Vice President, was constructed at 108, Church Road, New Delhi. It is located adjacent to the North Block. The plot of land on which it stands was previously used for defense hutments.<ref name="b666"/>

Covering an area of 6 hectares, besides the main residence building, the complex includes extensive facilities comprising various service and support buildings.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://media.biltrax.com/upcoming-central-vista-vice-president-enclave-by-cpwd-in-delhi/|title=Upcoming Central Vista – Vice President Enclave by CPWD in Delhi|date=10 November 2021|publisher=Biltrax Media}}</ref>

==Architecture and Design==
The Enclave was conceived as part of the [[Central Vista Redevelopment Project]], aimed at modernizing and reorganizing the administrative infrastructure of India's capital. It
is designed by [[Bimal Patel (architect)|Bimal Patel]], in collaboration with [[Central Public Works Department]] (CPWD).<ref name="b666"/>

The complex is situated on Church Road, adjacent to the North Block, in close proximity to key government institutions. The design prioritizes security, sustainability, and functionality, while also respecting the historical and symbolic significance of [[New Delhi]].

The main residence is a low-rise structure that infuses Indian Rajasthani architectural elements like [[Jali]], [[Jharokha]], and [[verandah]] with [[Lutyens]]-inspired structure characterised by clean geometric forms and expansive green areas. Sandstone is the main element used in the facade. The two main types of stones used for the facade are [[Dholpur]] [[sandstone]] and Red [[Agra]] [[sandstone]].

Known for its durability and warm beige-pink hue, [[Dholpur]] [[sandstone]] has been used to maintain visual continuity with the broader Central Vista aesthetic. The Agra sandstone has also been selectively used to provide contrast and accentuate architectural details such as [[columns]], [[cornices]], and [[entryways]].

The enclave includes a dedicated secretariat for the Vice President’s official functions, staff quarters, guest facilities, and service buildings, all integrated within a secure compound. Landscaped gardens, water features, and shaded pathways enhance the usability and visual appeal of the premises, promoting a sense of openness and tranquility despite its high-security requirements.<ref>{{cite web |title=New Vice-President's Enclave finally ready, old residence to make way for office complex|website=ThePrint|date=15 February 2024|url=https://www.au/amp/s/theprint.in/india/new-vice-presidents-enclave-finally-ready-old-residence-to-make-way-for-office-complex/1966292/%3famp}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/>

The layout is designed to optimize movement, maintain dignified protocol zones, and accommodate both ceremonial and day-to-day administrative functions. Barrier-free access and smart building systems have been integrated so that the complex meets contemporary standards of accessibility and efficiency.

==See also==
* [[List of official residences of India]]
* [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg]] - official residency of the Prime Minister of India
* [[Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi|Rashtrapati Bhavan]] - official residence of the President of India

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Url|https://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/|Official website of Vice President of India}}

[[Category:2024 establishments in Delhi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 2024]]
[[Category:Official residences in India]]
[[Category:Government buildings in Delhi]]
[[Category:Vice presidency of India|Enclave]]
[[Category:Vice presidential residences|Enclave]]

Brat (2025 film)

2026-03-25T22:16:14Z

LatonyaBiaggini: done.

{{short description|Indian Kannada-language action thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Brat
| image = Brat (2025 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]]
| producer = Manjunath Kandkur
| writer = Yadunandan &
Ravi Chakravarthy
| story = Yadunandan &
Ravi Chakravarthy
| screenplay = Yadunandan &
Ravi Chakravarthy
| starring = [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]] Manisha Kandkur [[Achyuth Kumar]]
| studio = Dolphin Entertainment
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Abhilash Kalathi
| editing = Giri Mahesh
| released = {{Film date|2025|10|31|df=y}}
| runtime = 153
minutes
| language = Kannada
| country = India
| budget = ₹ 8 crores
| gross = ₹ 10.2 crores
}}

'''''Brat''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Kannada language|Kannada]]-language [[action thriller film]] written by Yadunandan and Ravi Chakravarthy, and directed by [[Shashank (director)|Shashank]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Apr/01/director-shashank-interview-brat-is-a-unique-title-that-transcends-languages|title=Director Shashank Interview: BRAT is a unique title that transcends languages|date=1 April 2025|work=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref> The film, produced by Manjunath Kandkur under Dolphin Entertainment, is planned to be screened in five Indian languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cininewskannada.com/cinema/brat-movie-song-released-in-5-languages-movie-to-hit-screens-in-october/|title="Brat" movie song released in 5 languages:Movie to hit screens in October|work=CininewsKannada.com|date=28 July 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://pynr.in/brat-set-for-release-in-five-languages/|title=Brat Set for Release in Five Languages|work=Pioneer News|date=27 July 2025}}</ref> The film stars [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|"Darling" Krishna]] and Manisha Kandkur, making her debut in Kannada, in the lead roles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Oct/08/kannadainterviews2025oct08manisha-kandkur-cinema-connects-us-all|title=Manisha Kandkur Interview: Cinema connects us all|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 October 2025}}</ref> The music is composed by [[Arjun Janya]] while the cinematography is by Abhilash Kalanthi.

The film was first announced during its scripting stage in May 2024 with the news of Krishna and Shashank reuniting after ''[[Kousalya Supraja Rama (2023 film)|Kousalya Supraja Rama]]'' (2023). The filming began in August 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/kannada/darling-krishna-shashank-to-reunite-for-an-action-thriller-article-110443779|title=Darling Krishna, Shashank To Reunite For An Action Thriller|work=TimesNow News|date=26 May 2024}}</ref> After several announcements on release, the film locked the release date on 31 October 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/kannada/news/2025/Jul/29/krishna-shashanks-brat-aims-for-october-release |title=Krishna-Shashank's Brat aims for October release|date=29 July 2025|work=Cinema Express}}</ref>

==Plot==
The story opens with the line: "If we need life to be like the way we want, we have to take risks". This sets the tone for Kristy’s journey—a young man from a modest family who dreams of wealth and comfort. Kristy (Krishna) initially indulges in harmless gambling, but his obsession with quick money soon spirals into the dark world of cricket betting. Kristy’s father, Mahadevaiah (Achyuth Kumar), is an honest constable serving under a corrupt inspector, Ravikumar (Ramesh Indira). Despite the corruption around him, Mahadevaiah remains steadfast in his principles, often clashing with Kristy’s ambitions. His mother, Renuka, and girlfriend Manisha (Manisha Kandkur) hope Kristy’s ventures will solve their financial struggles, adding emotional complexity to his choices.
{{check quotation}}
Frustrated by his family’s modest means, Kristy starts betting on cricket matches with college students. Initially, he earns easy money, which fuels his greed and draws in his friends and loved ones. However, when a major bet goes wrong and the bookie disappears, Kristy finds himself entangled in a dangerous web controlled by Dollar Mani (Dragon Manju), a ruthless betting mafia kingpin.

As Kristy’s world collapses, the narrative explores whether he will choose greed or redemption. His father’s unwavering honesty and emotional confrontations force Kristy to reflect on his choices. The climax delivers a mix of high-octane action, emotional drama, and unexpected twists, including a hilarious 20-minute sequence involving Dollar Mani that had audiences in splits.

==Cast==
{{cast listing|
* [[Krishna (Kannada actor)|Krishna]] as Krishna "Kristy"
* Manisha Kandakur as Manisha
* [[Achyuth Kumar]] as Constable Mahadevaiah, Krishna' father
* Ramesh Indira as Inspector Ravikumar
* Dragon Manju as Dollar Mani
* Manasi Sudheer
* Gourav Shetty
* Sri Vatsa
}}

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack is scored by [[Arjun Janya]]. During the title launch event in July 2025, rapper Rahul Dit-O performed for the single "Brat Theory". It was also reported that singer [[Sid Sriram]] has recorded the song "Naane Neenanthe". The next single "Gangi Gangi" sung by Balu Belagundi and [[Indu Nagaraj]] was released on 13 September 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2025/Sep/15/kannadanews2025sep15team-brat-drops-latest-track-gangi-gangi-release-date-out|title=Team Brat drops latest track 'Gangi Gangi'; release date out|work=The New Indian Express|date=15 September 2025}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by Anand Audio.

{{track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Brat Theory
| lyrics1 = Rahul Dit-O
| extra1 = Rahul Dit-O
| length1 = 4:23
| title2 = Naane Neenanthe
| lyrics2 = Arasu Anthare
| extra2 = [[Sid Sriram]]
| length2 = 4:01
| title3 = Gangi Gangi
| lyrics3 = Balu Belagundi
| extra3 = Balu Belagundi, [[Indu Nagaraj]]
| length3 = 5:03
}}

==Critical reception==
Brat received unanimously positive reviews from the critics and audiences alike. Writing, cinematography and performances were highly praised. Krishna’s transformation from romantic hero to intense performer was raved, and termed as his "best performance to date." Achyuth Kumar’s grounded portrayal of Mahadevaiah was widely appreciated. Dragon Manju and Ramesh Indira were dubbed as the showstoppers for their quirky characterisation.

While some reviews noted pacing issues, audiences loved the engaging screenplay, dialogues and stylish visuals, and Arjun Janya’s music.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt35064377}}

[[Category:2025 films]]
[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Shashank]]
[[Category:2025 action thriller films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films scored by Arjun Janya]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

JioTV

2026-03-25T07:42:57Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{Short description|Indian television streaming service}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox website
| name = JioTV
| logo = Jio Tv logo.png
| logo_size = 250px
| founder = [[Mukesh Ambani]]
| successor =
| headquarters = [[Mumbai]], India
| website_type = {{plainlist|
[[Streaming television]]}}
| language = {{hlist|[[English language|English]]|[[Hindi language|Hindi]]|[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]]|[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]]|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]|[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]]|[[Kannada language|Kannada]]|[[Marathi language|Marathi]]|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]}}
| launch_date = {{ Start Date and Age|2016|05|04| df=yes}}
| company_type = [[Digital distribution]]
| industry = {{plainlist|
*[[Streaming media|Streaming]]
*[[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]]
*[[Entertainment]]}}
| products = {{flatlist|
* [[Streaming media]]
* [[Digital distribution]]
}}
| services = [[Internet Protocol television|IPTV]]
| key_people =
| area_served = [[India]]
| owner = [[Jio Platforms]]
| commercial = Yes
| registration = Required
| website = {{URL|https://www.jiotv.com|JioTV}}
}}

'''JioTV''' is an Indian [[streaming television]] service exclusively on [[Jio]] useres owned by [[Jio Platforms]], a subsidiary of [[Reliance Industries]]. JioTV offers more than 1000 [[Live television|live channels]] with 7 days of catch up content, as per the website.<ref>{{Cite web|title=JioTV: Latest News & Videos, Photos about JioTV {{!}} The Economic Times - Page 1|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/JioTV/amp|url-status=live|access-date=2021-10-11|website=The Economic Times|archive-date=1 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101220448/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/JioTV/amp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Jio tv {{!}} Latest News on Jio-tv {{!}} Breaking Stories and Opinion Articles|url=https://www.firstpost.com/tag/jio-tv|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Firstpost|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131046/https://www.firstpost.com/tag/jio-tv|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=BBC News Gujarati partners with Jio TV app for around-the-clock streaming - Exchange4media|url=https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/bbc-news-gujarati-partners-with-jio-tv-app-for-around-the-clock-streaming-112195.html|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027131049/https://www.exchange4media.com/digital-news/bbc-news-gujarati-partners-with-jio-tv-app-for-around-the-clock-streaming-112195.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Updates|first=Daily|title=Jio Tv Channels List - 820 channels On JioTv app|date=29 November 2021|url=https://dailyupdatesplus.com/jio-tv-channels-list/|url-status=live|access-date=2021-12-02|language=en-US|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202064311/https://dailyupdatesplus.com/jio-tv-channels-list/}}</ref> {{Unreliable source?|date=March 2023}}

==History==
JioTV was launched in 2016, from the digital arm of [[LYF]] ([[Jio]]), LYF Digital Convergence Limited. JioTV, an [[streaming television]] service offering LIVE TV and Catch Up Content to end consumers on their [[mobile phone]]s, [[tablet computer|tablets]], [[laptop]]s, [[desktop computer|desktops]], entertainment boxes and connected TVs.

JioTV web version was launched in December 2017<ref>{{cite news|url=https://telecomtalk.info/jio-silently-introduces-web-version-of-jiotv/171552/|title=Reliance Jio Silently Introduces Web Version of JioTV|publisher=Telecom Talk|date=17 Dec 2017|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=11 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611115859/https://telecomtalk.info/jio-silently-introduces-web-version-of-jiotv/171552/|url-status=live}}</ref> but it was taken down after two days because of some technical litigation issues.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://telecomtalk.info/reliance-jiotv-web-version-pulled-down-due-to-technical-litigation-issues/171624/|title=Reliance JioTV Web Version Pulled Down Due to 'Technical Litigation' Issues|publisher=Telecom Talk|date=19 Dec 2017|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112094851/https://telecomtalk.info/reliance-jiotv-web-version-pulled-down-due-to-technical-litigation-issues/171624/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As per the FAQs page on website, Jio TV on web allows for content discovery only and the streaming is available only on mobile devices through the app.

== Content partners ==
'''JioTV''' has partnered with different broadcasting companies such as [[ABP Group]], [[Sony Pictures Networks|Culver Max]], [[NDTV]], [[Sun TV Network]], [[The Times Group]], [[Living Media India|Living Media]], [[Viacom18]], [[Warner Bros. Discovery India]] and [[Essel Group#Zee Entertainment Enterprises|Essel Group]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/zee-channels-back-on-jiotv/articleshow/66140339.cms|title=Zee channels back on JioTV|publisher=EconomicsTimes|access-date=9 Oct 2018|archive-date=22 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322124512/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/zee-channels-back-on-jiotv/articleshow/66140339.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> to provide content in different categories such as Business, Devotional, Education, Entertainment, Infotainment, Kids, News and Sports. JioTV has 17 'Jio Darshan' channels which telecast proceedings from a few Indian temples<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/national/story-govind-dev-ji-temple-live-telecast-jio-tv-app-2706104.html|title=गोविंद देवजी मंदिर के आयोजनों का सीधा प्रसारण जियो टीवी एप पर|publisher=Live Hindustan|date=24 August 2019|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082017/https://www.livehindustan.com/national/story-govind-dev-ji-temple-live-telecast-jio-tv-app-2706104.html|language=hi|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-watch-live-patna-mahavir-temple-live-on-jio-tv-today-eastern-india-will-be-the-first-such-temple-19943381.html|title=पटना के महावीर मंदिर का आज से कीजिए लाइव दर्शन, पूर्वी भारत का होगा पहला एेसा मंदिर Patna News|publisher=Jagran|date=17 January 2020|language=hi|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082015/https://www.jagran.com/bihar/patna-city-watch-live-patna-mahavir-temple-live-on-jio-tv-today-eastern-india-will-be-the-first-such-temple-19943381.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.uniindia.com/now-live-darshan-of-lord-hanuman-of-mahavir-temple-patna-on-jio-tv/east/news/1856916.html|title = Now live Darshan of Lord Hanuman of Mahavir Temple, Patna on Jio TV|publisher = United News of India|date = 17 January 2020|access-date = 30 November 2021|archive-date = 30 November 2021|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130085020/http://www.uniindia.com/now-live-darshan-of-lord-hanuman-of-mahavir-temple-patna-on-jio-tv/east/news/1856916.html|url-status = live}}</ref>

32 government education channels on JioTV<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.collegedekho.com/news/jio-tv-broadcast-government-education-channels-12243/|title=Jio TV to Broadcast 32 Government Education Channels|publisher=College Dekho|date=10 January 2018|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082018/https://www.collegedekho.com/news/jio-tv-broadcast-government-education-channels-12243/|url-status=live}}</ref> are hosted by the Ministry of Human Resources Development under [[SWAYAM#SWAYAM PRABHA|Swayam Prabha]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/educational-channels-jio-app-1131135-2018-01-10|title=Education channels to be available on Reliance Jio mobile app, JioTV|publisher=IndiaToday|date=10 January 2018|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082014/https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/news/story/educational-channels-jio-app-1131135-2018-01-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2020, JioTV tied up with the Assam government to host educational channel "Gyan Brikshya".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pratidintime.com/assams-educational-channel-gyan-brikshya-available-on-jio-tv/|title=Assam's Educational Channel 'Gyan Brikshya' Available On Jio Tv|publisher=Pratidin Time|date=7 June 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082016/https://www.pratidintime.com/assams-educational-channel-gyan-brikshya-available-on-jio-tv/|url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2020, JioTV has partnered with [[Manipur]], [[Maharashtra]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/maharashtra-launches-3-channels-on-jiotv-for-x-xii-online-learning/articleshow/76806022.cms|title=Maharashtra launches 3 channels on JioTV for X, XII online learning|publisher=Times Of India|date=16 July 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082015/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/maharashtra-launches-3-channels-on-jiotv-for-x-xii-online-learning/articleshow/76806022.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/jio-tv-sahyadri-channel-for-online-classes/story-BOjEL4WNsxBUvxa9VZwdSJ.html|title=Jio TV, Sahyadri channel for online classes|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=23 Jun 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082015/https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/jio-tv-sahyadri-channel-for-online-classes/story-BOjEL4WNsxBUvxa9VZwdSJ.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Haryana]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/haryana-govt-reliance-jio-tv-enter-agreement-to-educate-52-lakh-students-11592956100341.html|title=Haryana govt, Reliance Jio TV enter agreement to educate 52 lakh students|publisher=LiveMint|date=24 June 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082016/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/haryana-govt-reliance-jio-tv-enter-agreement-to-educate-52-lakh-students-11592956100341.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Telangana]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/t-sat-now-available-on-jio-tv|title=T-SAT now available on Jio TV|publisher=telanganatoday|date=22 July 2020|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130083527/https://telanganatoday.com/t-sat-now-available-on-jio-tv|url-status=live}}</ref> state governments to telecast education channels for e-classes.

In December 2022, JioTV introduced Games and Music as part of its super-app experience. It also provides multi-audio and subtitle support across its live sports events.

In February 2023, KC Global Media launched [[Animax India|Animax]] channel on JioTV.

== Strategic partnerships ==
Nov 2020 - Partnered with Rewind Network to distribute HITS content through JioTV platform <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hitstv.com/press-releases/hits-launch-jio.php|title=POPULAR TV SERVICE 'HITS' DEBUTS ON JIO ALL JIO USERS TO GET MORE ICONIC ENGLISH SHOWS ON JIOTV & JIOTV+ WITH 'HITS'|publisher=hitstv|access-date=30 November 2021|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082016/https://www.hitstv.com/press-releases/hits-launch-jio.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/jio-partners-hits-for-offering-hollywood-content-to-jiotv-users-report/79447352 | title = Jio partners HITS for offering Hollywood content to JioTV users | publisher = EconomicsTimes | date = 27 Nov 2020 | access-date = 30 November 2021 | archive-date = 30 November 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211130082015/https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/jio-partners-hits-for-offering-hollywood-content-to-jiotv-users-report/79447352 | url-status = live }}</ref>

==Viewership==
JioTV recorded a 84 million unique visitors in March 2020, an increase from 74 million unique visitors in March of the previous year. The company is owned by [[Jio Platforms]], the digital service business of [[Reliance Industries]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=India: unique visitors Jio TV 2020|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1028124/india-jiotv-unique-visitors-number/|access-date=2021-10-11|website=Statista|language=en|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027132550/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1028124/india-jiotv-unique-visitors-number/|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to a Kalagato report on [[Over-the-top media service|OTT]] space, in 2018, JioTV saw around '''18%''' of active users after [[JioHotstar|Disney+ Hotstar]] which has 40% active users. In terms of national reach, Hotstar and JioTV both had 30% and 24% respectively market share.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inventiva.co.in/stories/with-40-active-users-hotstar-rules-ott-space-in-india-jio-tv-grabs-2-slot-kalagato/|title=With 40% active users Hotstar rules OTT space in India, Jio TV grabs #2 slot: Kalagato|publisher=Kalagato|date=21 Nov 2018|access-date=12 November 2021|archive-date=12 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112092952/https://www.inventiva.co.in/stories/with-40-active-users-hotstar-rules-ott-space-in-india-jio-tv-grabs-2-slot-kalagato/|url-status=live}}</ref>

JioTV recorded 74.5 million unique visitors in March 2019, which was an increase from 31.2 million unique visitors in March of the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1028124/india-jiotv-unique-visitors-number/|title=Number of unique visitors on Jio TV in India 2017-2019|publisher=Statista|date=16 Oct 2020|access-date=11 October 2021|archive-date=27 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027132550/https://www.statista.com/statistics/1028124/india-jiotv-unique-visitors-number/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Jio has over 1000+ Channels List<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shil |first=S |date=2024-10-23 |title=100+ Jio TV Channels List, Availability, Price, And Other Details! - Briefly Today |url=https://brieflytoday.com/jio-tv-channels-list-availability-price/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Briefly Today |language=en-US}}</ref> that users can watch and enjoy.

==See also==
*[[JioHotstar]] – paid OTT service and Android Ios application
*[[JioSaavn]] – paid Music streaming service and Android Ios mobile application
{{Portal bar|2010s|India|Internet|Television}}

==References==
<references />

{{Reliance Industries Limited}}

[[Category:Internet television streaming services]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2016]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in Maharashtra]]

Nurunnesa Sattar

2026-03-21T21:29:17Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Adding first stub w/ refs

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{BLP one source|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nurunnesa Sattar
| native_name =
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1972
| term_end = 1977
| predecessor = [[Mollah Humayun Kabir]]
| successor = [[Manoranjan Nath]]
| constituency = [[Purbasthali Dakshin Assembly constituency|Purbasthali Dakshin]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Purbasthali]], [[Bardhaman district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| alma_mater =
| relatives =
| children =
}}
'''Nurunnesa Sattar''' is an Indian politician belonging to the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was the MLA of [[Purbasthali Dakshin Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].

==Early life and family==
Nurunnesa was born into a [[Bengali Muslim]] family in [[Purbasthali]], [[Bardhaman district]], [[Bengal Presidency]]. She is the daughter of Abdul Sattar Miah.{{citation needed|date=April 2025}}

==Career==
Kabir contested in the [[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where she ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Purbasthali Dakshin Assembly constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/1972/purbasthali/|title=Purbasthali, 1972|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sattar, Nurunnesa}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 1972–1977]]
[[Category:Politicians from Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

Siege of Gandikota

2026-03-19T14:11:24Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made basic info w/ sources

{{Short description|Conflict between the Vijayanagar Empire and Golconda Sultanate}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Siege of Gandikota
| partof = Deccani–Vijayanagar wars
| image =
[[File:Gandikota fort from Kottapalli.jpg|Gandikota fort from Kottapalli|200px]]
| caption = Gandikota Fort
| image_size =
| date = Unknown
| place = [[Gandikota]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]
| result = [[Vijayanagar]] victory
| territory = [[Gandikota]] captured by [[Vijayanagara Army]]
| combatant1 = [[Vijayanagar Empire]] ''' Supported by''': {{Tree list}} [[Vijayanagara]] [[Vassals]]
** [[Venkatagiri estate]]
** [[Matli Chiefs]] {{Tree list/end}}
| combatant2 = {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} [[Golconda Sultanate]]
| commander1 = [[Venkatapati Raya]] [[Velugoti Yachama Nayaka]] Velugoti Chennapa [[Matla Anantaraju]]
| commander2 = {{flagicon image|Qutbshahi Flag.svg}} Sanjar Khan
| strength1 =
| strength2 =
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
}}

The '''Siege of Gandikota''' was a conflict between the [[Golconda Sultanate]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. [[Venkatapati Raya]] wanted to capture [[Gandikota]] fort, so he sent [[Velugoti Yachama Nayaka]] and Velugoti Chennapa to capture the fort. Inside the fort Sanjar Khan and his men put up strong resistance. [[Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah]] tried to send help twice, but his forces were defeated at [[Kamalakur]] and again near the [[Pennar River]]. After nearly three months of siege, the defenders could no longer hold out. Gandikota fell into the hands of [[Venkatapati Raya]]’s army.<ref>{{Cite book|title=History Of South India|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.69887|date=1958|page=28|first=K. a nilakanta|last=Sastri}}</ref><ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/><ref>{{Cite book|title=Andhra Pradesh District Gazetteers|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.135802|date=1970|page=68|last=Bh. Sivasankaranarayana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=2886 Anantapur (1970)|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.243498|date=1959|last=Digital Library Of India|page=68}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Journal of Indian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HgO2AAAAIAAJ&dq=Afzal+Khan+of+Kondavidu&pg=RA1-PA69|publisher=Department of History, University of Kerala|date=1926|page=74|language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
===Defeat of Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah at Penukonda===
Sultan [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] marched south and surrounded the Vijayanagara capital. His attack came suddenly and [[Venkatapati Raya]] did not have enough time to gather all his nobles and prepare a full defence. To delay the enemy he sent his minister Goparaju Timma and his general Papayya Setty to negotiate a temporary peace. The sultan agreed and pulled back for a short time. [[Venkatapati Raya]] immediately used this break to strengthen the fortress, bring in food, and gather a large army inside the city. When the sultan returned and tried to renew the siege he found the fort far stronger than before. A battle fought near Penukonda and the [[Vijayanagara Army]] defeated the invaders forcing the Golconda army to withdraw.<ref name="aps">{{Cite book|title=Sanskrit and Indological studies : Dr. V. Raghavan felicitation volume|url=http://archive.org/details/sanskritindologi0000unse|publisher=Delhi : Motilal Banarsidass|date=1975|pages=483–486|isbn=978-0-8426-0821-3|others=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref name="bps">{{Cite book|title=Further Source Of Vijayanagara History Vol I 1946 By K A Nilakanta Sastri|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.280075|date=1946|last=K A Nilakanta Sastri|pages=312–318}}</ref>

==Siege==
[[Venkatapati Raya]] then moved against the remaining Golconda garrisons starting with the strong fort of [[Gandikota]] at the head of the Penneru valley. He surrounded the fort and began the siege. Sanjar Khan the commander of the fort was known for his courage and resisted the attack with all the troops he had. However the forces under Murtaza Khan who oversaw the nearby conquered regions were too few to provide any real help.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/>
===Defeat of Golconda's first relief force at Kamalakuru===
[[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] sent Afzal Khan from Kondavidu to help the garrison at [[Gandikota]] but Venkatapati Raya quickly learned of this plan. He ordered Kowlananda to stop the reinforcements and Kowlananda’s son-in-law Woorias Ray led a raid that devastated the [[Kondavidu]] region badly. In reply Afzal Khan encouraged local chiefs to attack the lands around Udayagiri. A large group of Uriya and Manne chiefs gathered and advanced as far as [[Kamalakur]] while another group under a Ravilla leader pushed south and captured the fort of [[Gurramkonda]]. [[Venkatapati Raya]] then sent Matli Ananta and Velugoti Kasturi Ranga to drive them out. They reached [[Kamalakur]] quickly and defeated the invaders in a hard battle. Kasturi Ranga chased the fleeing troops back to their border while Ananta marched to [[Gurramkonda]] and besieged the fort. The defenders fought fiercely with strong artillery but Ananta continued the attack until one of the bastions collapsed forcing the garrison to surrender. After this victory Ananta returned towards [[Gandikota]] where his forces struck Asvaraya’s cavalry and defeated them near the fort.<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/>

===Defeat of second Golconda relief force at Pennar River===
Sultan [[Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah]]’s earlier attempt to send help from [[Kondavidu]] had failed because Kuwlananda and Woorias Ray blocked the way. So he next sent five thousand cavalry from [[Golkonda]] under Rustam Khan whom he made the main commander in the south. Rustam Khan was proud but not very experienced in fighting in the Karnataka region. Ignoring the advice of Murtaza Khan the local military governor he crossed the Pennar River and set up camp on the other side where the ground was soft and muddy from recent rains. The [[Vijayanagara]] soldiers dressed a red bullock with gold coloured horns, bright paint, and bells and sent it towards the [[Golconda]] camp. Rustam Khan who was standing in front panicked at the strange sight and rode back in fear which caused confusion among his own men. Seeing the disorder the [[Vijayanagara Army]] surrounded the enemy with their musketeers and attacked from all sides. The [[Golconda]] cavalry could not move fast on the heavy black soil and were shot down one after another. They might have been completely annihilated if Murtaza Khan had not gathered a small group and broken through the enemy lines allowing many of his men to escape. It was likely during this incident that Matla Ananta defeated Asvaraya’s strong cavalry near [[Gandikota]].<ref name="aps"/><ref name="bps"/>
==Aftermath==
This defeat was soon followed by the total rout of Rustam Khan’s army and [[Gandikota]] was captured by Velugoti Chennappa. As a result the boundary of [[Golconda Sultanate]] was pushed back to the Krishna River leaving [[Kondavidu]] as the only stronghold the Sultan still held on the southern side. When [[Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah]] heard about this disastrous loss he immediately dismissed Rustam Khan from his post and expelled him from the kingdom.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Muhammad-Quli Qutb Shah founder of Hydarabad|url=http://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.46692|date=1967|page=107|first=H. K.|last=Sherwani}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Battle of Pennar]]
* [[Venkatapati Raya]]
* [[Golconda Sultanate]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{coord|14.8132|78.2874|type:event_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Indian kingdoms]]
[[Category:Battles involving Velugoti Nayaks]]
[[Category:Battles involving Matli Chiefs]]

Major Rajasthani

2026-03-08T18:44:06Z

LatonyaBiaggini: cleanup

{{short description|Indian singer-songwriter}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Major Rajasthani
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| landscape =
| birth_name = Major Singh Buttar
| alias =
| birth_date = 14 January 1961
| birth_place = 5kk buttran, Sri Ganganagar
| origin = Sri Ganganagar
| death_date = 14 December 1999
| death_place =
| genre = [[Folk music of Punjab|Folk]], [[duet]]s
| occupation = Singer, songwriter
| instrument =
| years_active =
| label = Goyal Music
| website =
}}

'''Major Rajasthani''' was a Punjabi singer-songwriter associated with [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi music]]. He was specially known for his sad songs.<ref name=it>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/artist/major-rajasthani/id443292503|title=iTunes – Music – Major Rajasthani|date=n.d.|publisher=iTunes Store|accessdate=14 January 2012}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Major Rajasthani was born as Major Singh on 14 January 1961 in village 5KK Buttran, [[Ganganagar district]], [[Rajasthan]]. His father's name was Jeet Singh and mother Dhan Kaur. He was the youngest sibling among five brothers and one sister. He married Sehajpreet Kaur. They settled in [[Rampura Phul]] in Punjab after marriage. He had two children named Navdeep Rajasthani and Jyoti.His son is also a music composer and he has a music production house named [[His son is also a music composer and he has a music production house named MR Music in Rampura Phul|MR Music Studio]] in Rampura Phul<ref name="source 1">{{cite web | url=https://bollyhollybaba.com/major-rajasthani-biography-family-singer/ | title=Major Rajasthani Biography | Family | Singer | Writer | Life Struggle | date=23 January 2019 | access-date=9 July 2024 | archive-date=31 January 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131063058/https://bollyhollybaba.com/major-rajasthani-biography-family-singer/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
Some of his popular albums:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raag.fm/artist-153-Major_Rajasthani|title=Major Rajasthani music albums|date=n.d.|publisher=pz10.com|accessdate=14 January 2012|archive-date=9 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180451/https://raag.fm/artist-153-Major_Rajasthani|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Aatam Hattya (the suicide)
*Car Ribnan Wali
*Chandri Bulauno Hatgi
*Dhanwad Vichole Da<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/B0057UWQNM/|title=Dhanwad Vichole Da:Amazon:MP3 Downloads|date=n.d.|work=Buy music online|accessdate=24 February 2012|archive-date=9 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709114538/https://www.amazon.com/rd/uedata?at&v=0.292249.0&id=TKRTNQA9PFS4X56YE81M&ctb=1&m=1&sc=TKRTNQA9PFS4X56YE81M&pc=11015&at=11015&t=1720525538865&pty=dmusicRetailMp3Player&spty=dmusic-retail-mp3-player&pti=undefined&tid=TKRTNQA9PFS4X56YE81M&aftb=1&ui=3&lob=4|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/dhanwad-vichole-da/id443320877|title=iTunes – Music – Dhanwad Vichole Da – Apple|date=n.d.|work=Buy music online|publisher=iTunes Store|accessdate=14 January 2012}}{{dead link|date=March 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
*Jimmewar Tu Vairne
*Pehli Mulaqat
*Tere Gham Vich Ni Kurhiye
*Yaad Chandri
*Garib da dil
*Jind Likhti Tere Na
*Sadi Yaad Vairne
*Chunni Shagana Di
*Tere gam vich ni kudiye
*Malwe Da Munda

;Religious
*Aaja Baba Nanaka<ref>{{cite web|url=http://music.ovi.com/in/en/pc/Product/Aaja-Baba-Nanak/Aaja-Baba-Nanak/20387973|title=Download Aaja Baba Nanaka by Major Rajasthani on Nokia music|date=n.d.|publisher=music.nokia.com|accessdate=14 January 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714094925/http://music.ovi.com/in/en/pc/Product/Aaja-Baba-Nanak/Aaja-Baba-Nanak/20387973|archive-date=14 July 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Machhiware Dian Janglan Ch<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sikhsangeet.com/albumid28-Major-Rajasthani-Machhiware-Dian-Janglan-Ch.html|title=Major Rajasthani – Machhiware Dian Janglan Ch – SikhSangeet|date=n.d.|work=free download|publisher=sikhsangeet.com|accessdate=14 January 2012|archive-date=8 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108072107/http://www.sikhsangeet.com/albumid28-Major-Rajasthani-Machhiware-Dian-Janglan-Ch.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Death==
Major Rajasthani performed his last stage show on 10 December 1999 in Barnala with [[Mumtaaj]]. He died on 14 December 1999 after [[heart attack]].<ref name = "source 1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Team |first1=Kiddaan. com |date=2022-12-14 |title=17 Punjabi Singers Who Died At A Very Young Age (Updated 2023) |url=https://kiddaan.com/punjabi-singers-died-at-a-very-young-age/ |website=kiddaan.com |access-date=9 July 2024 |archive-date=31 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131071104/https://kiddaan.com/punjabi-singers-died-at-a-very-young-age/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rajasthani, Major}}
[[Category:Punjabi-language singers]]
[[Category:Punjabi-language lyricists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]

{{India-singer-stub}}

Mattukkara Velan

2026-03-04T04:54:34Z

LatonyaBiaggini: added new pg

{{Short description|1970 film by P. Neelakantan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Maattukkara Velan
| image = Mattukkara Velan.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[P. Neelakantan]]
| screenplay = A. L. Narayanan
| based_on = {{based on|''[[Emme Thammanna]]''|A. K. Velan}}
| producer = N. Kanagasabai
| starring = [[M. G. Ramachandran]] [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
| cinematography = V. Ramamoorthy
| editing = [[K. Narayanan]]
| music = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
| studio = Jayanthi Films
| released = {{Film date|1970|01|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 173 minutes<ref name="Encyclopaedia" />
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Maattukkara Velan''''' ({{translation|Velan, the cowherd}}) is a 1970 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[action drama film]] directed by [[P. Neelakantan|Pa. Neelakandhan]]. It is a remake of the 1966 [[Kannada]] film ''[[Emme Thammanna]]''.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=989437519136673792 |user=nfaiofficial |title=A moment from the dream song sequence 'Kolalanoodhi Kuniva' from the film #EmmeThammanna, starring #FaceOfTheWeek Rajkumar and Bharathi. The film was later remade in Telugu (Govula Gopanna), Tamil (Mattukkara Velan) and Hindi (Jigri Dost). |author=National Film Archive of India |author-link=National Film Archive of India |date=26 April 2018 |access-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416133902/https://twitter.com/nfaiofficial/status/989437519136673792 |archive-date=16 April 2021}}</ref> The film stars [[M. G. Ramachandran]], [[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] and [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]], with [[S. A. Ashokan]] as the villain. It was released on 14 January 1970<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 April 2011 |title=எம்.ஜி.ஆர். நடித்த படங்களின் பட்டியல் |url=http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181114041813/http://www.ithayakkani.com/jsp/Content/MGR_Cinema.jsp |archive-date=14 November 2018 |access-date=16 April 2021 |website=Ithayakkani |language=ta}}</ref> and ran for 175 days.

== Plot ==
Velan is an innocent villager whose livelihood is rearing cattle, and he holds them in high regard. Nagalingam, the municipal chairman, is crooked and cruel, committing many atrocities in the town and engaging in anti-social and illegal activities. He has an arrogant daughter, Kamala, and a well-natured son, Sundharam. Sundharam often teases and opposes his father’s evil deeds.

When Velan's cows obstruct Kamala’s way, she beats the cattle. In retaliation, Velan beats her but becomes frightened upon discovering that Kamala is the chairman’s daughter. Nagalingam sends his men to kill Velan, but Sundharam rescues him and disguises him as a college student. Meanwhile, Advocate Sattanathan, an honest person who supports justice, fights against Nagalingam. He leads a happy family life with his ideal wife, Annapurna, and their daughter, Radha.

Sattanathan arranges a marriage for Radha with his childhood friend Sripathi's son, Raghu, who resembles Velan. On Sundharam's advice, Velan goes to Sattanathan’s house, where he is mistaken for Raghu and honored. Velan and Radha fall in love. Eventually, Raghu arrives to meet Sattanathan but is captured by Nagalingam's goons and beaten. Raghu escapes and arrives at Sattanathan’s house, where he is surprised to find Velan. Raghu explains his situation, and Velan's identity is revealed.

Raghu, knowing that Velan loves Radha, allows him to stay. They engage in a confusing drama to avoid revealing their identities. Raghu meets Kamala, who initially mistakes him for Velan but later falls in love with him. Meanwhile, Sundharam falls in love with their maidservant, Kaveri. Radha mistakenly believes Velan is involved with Kamala when she sees Raghu and Kamala together. Raghu clears up the misunderstanding, but Sattanathan, believing Velan is the cause, decides to arrange Radha's marriage to Raghu. Raghu, however, refuses and declares his intention to marry Kamala.

Sattanathan reveals to Raghu that Nagalingam is responsible for his father's death, which was falsely portrayed as a suicide. Raghu learns that his father had gathered evidence against Nagalingam and hidden it. Angered, Raghu confronts Nagalingam, who then captures him and blackmails Sattanathan for the evidence. Sattanathan rushes to Nagalingam's house, and just as Nagalingam is about to kill him, Velan intervenes, pretending to have murdered Sattanathan.

In the end, Velan’s virtues are recognized, and Raghu is rescued. Velan uncovers the secret evidence, finds the route to Nagalingam’s hideout, and defeats him, saving Raghu. The movie concludes with the happy marriages of Velan and Radha, Raghu and Kamala, and Sundharam and Kaveri.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[M. G. Ramachandran]] as Velan and Raghu<ref name="Encyclopaedia" />
*[[J. Jayalalithaa|Jayalalithaa]] as Radha
*[[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]] as Kamala<ref name="kamadenu" />
*[[S. A. Ashokan]] as Nagalingam<ref name="kamadenu" />
*[[V. K. Ramasamy (actor)|V. K. Ramasamy]] as Sattanathan<ref name="kamadenu" />
*[[Cho Ramaswamy]] as Sundaram<ref name="kamadenu" />
*[[C. R. Parthiban]] as Sokka, Dupe Police – a syndicate of the Chairman Nagalingam
*[[S. Varalakshmi]] as Annapurna, Advocate R. K. Sattanadhan's wife
*[[Sachu]] as Kaveri
*[[Karikol Raju]] as Victim of Nagalingam
*[[Usilai Mani]] as Sattanathan's client
*[[S. N. Lakshmi]] as Raghunath Sabhapathi's mother
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]] and the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]] and [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mattukara Velan (1970) |url=http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001447 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224143/http://www.raaga.com/channels/tamil/moviedetail.asp?mid=T0001447 |archive-date=8 May 2014 |access-date=8 May 2014 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singers !! Length
|-
| "Sathiyam Neeye" || [[T. M. Soundararajan]] || 04:15
|-
| "Oru Pakkam Parkkiral" || T. M. Soundararajan, [[L. R. Eswari]] || 03:40
|-
| "Poo Vaitha" || T. M. Soundararajan, [[P. Susheela]], L. R. Eswari || 04:13
|-
| "Thottu Kollava" || T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela || 03:05
|-
| "Pattikada Pattanamma" || T. M. Soundararajan, L. R. Eswari || 05:24

|}

== References ==
<references>

<ref name="kamadenu">{{Cite web |last=Ramji |first=V. |date=17 January 2019 |title=மாட்டுக்கார வேலன் - அப்பவே அப்படி கதை |url=https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/15097-maattukkara-velan-appave-appadi-kadhai-5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232911/https://www.kamadenu.in/news/cinema/15097-maattukkara-velan-appave-appadi-kadhai-5.html |archive-date=21 January 2019 |access-date=21 January 2019 |website=[[Kamadenu (magazine)|Kamadenu]] |language=ta}}</ref>
<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |author-link2=Paul Willemen |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |pages=400 |orig-date=1994}}</ref>

</references>

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|0248178}}

{{P. Neelakantan}}

[[Category:1970 films]]
[[Category:1970s action drama films]]
[[Category:1970 Indian films]]
[[Category:1970 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about lookalikes]]
[[Category:Films directed by P. Neelakantan]]
[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
[[Category:Indian action drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil remakes of Kannada films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Justice Gopinath

2026-03-04T04:47:32Z

LatonyaBiaggini: fixed issues

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Justice Gopinath
| image = Justice Gopinath.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[D. Yoganand]]
| producer = Kay Cee K. Sivasankaran
| screenplay = [[Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]]
| story = Nannu Chandra<ref name="nadigarthilagam" />
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[K. R. Vijaya]] [[Rajinikanth]] [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]]
| studio = Vallimanalan Pictures
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| cinematography = Viswanatha Rai
| editing = R. Vittal T. K. Rajan
| released = {{film date|1978|12|16|df=y|ref1=<ref>{{Cite web |title=சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் ரஜினிகாந்த் - ஒரு சரித்திரம் {{!}} சூப்பர் ஸ்டாரின் திரைக்காவியங்களின் பட்டியல்கள் |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/globalmusic/rajini02.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622114535/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/globalmusic/rajini02.asp |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=ta}}</ref>}}
| runtime = 115 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Justice Gopinath''''' is a 1978 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[D. Yoganand]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[K. R. Vijaya]], [[Rajinikanth]] and [[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]].<ref name="nadigarthilagam">{{Cite web |title=191-200 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp20.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304050233/http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp20.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=16 May 2018 |website=Nadigarthilagam.com |page=20}}</ref> It was released on 16 December 1978 and became a box office failure.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 December 2014 |title=சூப்பர் ஸ்டார் ரஜினி வழக்கை வரலாறு {{!}} 19 |url=http://canadauthayan.ca/oldsite/epaper/Dec05_2014/files/assets/downloads/page0024.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306234849/http://canadauthayan.ca/oldsite/epaper/Dec05_2014/files/assets/downloads/page0024.pdf |archive-date=6 March 2019 |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Uthayan |location=Canada |pages=24 |language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=June 2022}}
[[wikt:justice#Synonyms|Justice]] Gopinath is a man known for his rigid upholding of the law and honesty. His wife Radha is pregnant, but she gets an accident, resulting in the child being stillborn. One case that comes up before Gopinath is that of Murugan, who has been charged with assault and battery. Misled by false evidence, Gopinath sentences Murugan to imprisonment. Murugan's wife commits suicide, fearing the advances of the local landlord, and her infant son Ravi is orphaned. Gopinath conceals Ravi's true identity from him and raises him as his own son.

Ravi grows up to become a lawyer. He falls in love with a woman named Uma, and they decide to marry. Meanwhile, Murugan is released from prison and searches for his son. Though beseeched by Radha not to do so, Gopinath is unable to lie and reveals to Ravi the truth about his parentage. Uma's father is later revealed to be the man responsible for falsifying the evidence that led to Murugan's imprisonment. Ravi takes care of everything and brings things to a satisfactory conclusion.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as [[wikt:justice#Synonyms|Justice]] Gopinath{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=86}}
*[[K. R. Vijaya]] as Radha{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=86}}
*[[Rajinikanth]] as Ravi{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=86}}
*[[Sumithra (actress)|Sumithra]] as Uma{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=86}}
*[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Murugan
*[[C. I. D. Sakunthala|A. Sakunthala]] as Valli
*[[Thengai Srinivasan]] as Bhadrachalam{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|pp=86–87}}
}}

== Production ==
''Justice Gopinath'' was the first film where Rajinikanth acted alongside his idol, Sivaji Ganesan.{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=86}}

== Soundtrack ==
All songs were written by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]] and composed by [[M. S. Viswanathan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Justice Gopinath Tamil Film EP VInyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/justice-gopinath-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612054529/https://mossymart.com/product/justice-gopinath-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=12 June 2021 |access-date=12 June 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Length
|-
|"Ada Ennanga Ithu"
|[[Vani Jairam]], [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|4:31
|-
|"Naana Sonnen Theerppu"
|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|3:54
|-
|"Namadhu Kaadhal"
|[[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|4:28
|-
|"Adiye Nee"
|[[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
|3:52
|}

==Reception==
Kausikan of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' felt the character of Justice Gopinath was not on par with other roles done by Ganesan; however he praised the acting of Vijaya and Rajinikanth.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=கெளசிகன் |date=14 January 1979 |title=ஜஸ்டிஸ் கோபிநாத் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/jan/14-01-1979/p49.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220728082800/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1979/jan/14-01-1979/p49.jpg |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=49 |language=ta}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |title=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |title-link=Rajinikanth: The Definitive Biography |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-14-342111-5 |location=New Delhi |author-link=Naman Ramachandran |orig-date=2012}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
{{D. Yoganand}}

{{Improve categories|date=April 2024}}
[[Category:1978 Indian films]]
[[Category:1978 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1978 films]]
[[Category:Films about lawyers]]
[[Category:Films directed by D. Yoganand]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by Vietnam Veedu Sundaram]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Julie (2004 film)

2026-03-03T03:18:10Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Enhanced content and organization

{{short description|2004 film by Deepak Shivdasani}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Julie
| image = Julie (2004 film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Deepak Shivdasani]]
| producer = *Jay Agarwal
*[[N.R. Pachisia]]
| writer = [[Nishikant Kamat]] (screenplay) Sanjay Pawar (dialogue)
| narrator =
| starring = [[Neha Dhupia]] [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] [[Yash Tonk]]
| music = '''Score:''' Naresh Sharma '''Songs:''' [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| cinematography = Thomas A. Xavier
| editing = Steven Bernard
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2004|07|23|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
}}
'''''Julie''''' is an Indian [[Hindi]] [[erotic film]] produced by N. R. Pachisia and directed by [[Deepak Shivdasani]]. The film stars [[Neha Dhupia]], [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]], [[Yash Tonk]], [[Sanjay Kapoor]] and [[Achint Kaur]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Julie Full Hindi Movie {{!}} Neha Dhupia, Yash Tonk, Priyanshu Chatterjee {{!}} Romantic Hindi Movies|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOppw4YaaFY|access-date=2021-09-02}}</ref>

Its [[sequel]], ''[[Julie 2]]'', starring [[Raai Laxmi]], also directed by Deepak Shivdasani was released on 24 November 2017, after [[legal issues]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/raai-laxmi-bold-julie-2-trailer-south-siren-bollywood-news/18553158|title=Raai Laxmi goes bold in 'Julie 2' trailer|work=mid-day|access-date=2017-09-22}}</ref>

==Plot Summary==

The story begins with Tara Agarwal, a renowned news anchor, interviewing a woman who claims a prominent businessman wants to marry her. Though initially skeptical, Tara listens as the woman, Julie, recounts her tragic past.

Julie was once a simple girl from [[Goa]] who worked in her father’s bakery. She was deeply in love with Neil, an ambitious man who craved wealth. While Julie was content with a modest life, Neil’s greed led him to abandon her. He leveraged a business deal to marry the daughter of a wealthy tycoon, Braganza, leaving Julie heartbroken. Seeking a fresh start, Julie moved to [[Mumbai]] with the help of her friend, Dinky.

In Mumbai, Julie found work as a personal assistant to a builder named Shah. She eventually fell for Rohan, a design consultant. However, the romance was a sham. Rohan was using Julie to secure a massive contract from a perverted businessman named Wadhwa. When Julie escaped Wadhwa’s advances and turned to Rohan for support, he coldly admitted that he had "traded" her for the contract. Devastated by the realization that men only viewed her as a commodity, Julie met a pimp named Delnaaz and made the radical choice to enter the [[prostitution|sex trade]].

Back in the present, Julie reveals her identity to Tara, who is moved by the story and agrees to air the interview with dignity. During her time as a prostitute, Julie encounters a kind businessman named Mihir Shandilya. Unlike other men, Mihir is genuinely captivated by her spirit and pursues a sincere friendship. Julie also crosses paths with her ex, Neil, shaming him for his role in her downfall and leaving him consumed by guilt. Meanwhile, Mihir’s love for Julie grows, and he introduces her to his welcoming parents. Despite her feelings for him, Julie fears that her past will tarnish Mihir’s reputation.

To protect Mihir, Julie decides to publicly confess her profession on national television. During the live interview, she speaks of the deception she faced and the harsh realities of her life. In a climactic moment, Mihir intervenes on air. He delivers a powerful speech, blaming society specifically men for the creation of the sex trade. He praises Julie’s courage and proposes to her on live television. Supported by his family, Mihir offers Julie the "fresh start" she never thought possible. The film concludes with their marriage, while the men who wronged her Neil and Rohan are left to face their own regret and ruin.

== Cast ==
* [[Neha Dhupia]] as Julie
* [[Priyanshu Chatterjee]] as Mihir Shandilya
* [[Yash Tonk]] as Neil
* [[Sanjay Kapoor]] as Rohan
* [[Achint Kaur]] as Tara Aggarwal
* [[Sudhir Joshi]] as Julie's father
* [[Kiran Kumar]] as Wadhwa
* [[Manish Khanna]] as Naidu (CEO of C TV)
* Anil Nagrath as Vishal (Editor-in-Chief of D Network)
* Brij Gopal as Mr. Malhotra
* Donny Bharadwaj as Sonia Shandilya, Mihir's sister
* Master Vishal Gulati as Sunny Shandilya
* Ahmed Khan as Builder Shah
* Ishwar Patel as Mihir's Uncle
* Kamini Khanna as Delnaaz
* Rishikesh Sharma as Rishi Nair

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Julie
| type = soundtrack
| artist = [[Himesh Reshammiya]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 16 June 2004 (India)
| recorded = 2004
| venue = [[Mumbai]]
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| label =
| producer = Himesh Reshammiya
| prev_title = [[Run (2004 film)|Run]]
| prev_year = 2004
| next_title = [[Taarzan: The Wonder Car]]
| next_year = 2004
}}

All songs composed by [[Himesh Reshammiya]] and written by [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Julie - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=467 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! # !! Title !! Singer (s)
|-
| 1
| "Hum Tumse Dil"
| [[Udit Narayan]], [[Anuradha Paudwal]]
|-
| 2
| "Dhadkan Ho Gayee"
| [[Alka Yagnik]], Udit Narayan
|-
| 3
| "Aye Dil Bata"
| [[Sonu Nigam]], Alka Yagnik
|-
| 4
| "Julie"
| Sonu Nigam, Jayesh Gandhi
|-
| 5
| "Bheegi Bheegi"
| Alka Yagnik
|-
| 6
| "Ishq Tezaab"
| [[Sunidhi Chauhan]], Jayesh Gandhi
|}

== Reception and legacy ==
In a contemporary review for [[Bollywood Hungama]], [[Taran Adarsh]] gave the film two stars out of five, criticizing various inconsistencies in the plot.<ref>{{cite web|first1=Bollywood|last1=Hungama|access-date=2024-10-14|title=Julie Review 2/5 - Julie Movie Review - Julie 2004 Public Review - Film Review|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/julie/critic-review/julie-movie-review/|date=23 July 2004}}</ref>

Shortly before the release of ''[[Julie 2]]'' in 2017, Devarsi Ghosh of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' stated "In retrospect, ''Julie'' was one of the better erotic Hindi films of the 2000s" and claimed that it, along with ''[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]]'' and ''[[Murder (2004 film)|Murder]]'', influenced several later erotic thrillers such as the [[Hate Story (film series)|''Hate Story'' series]].<ref>{{cite web|first1=Devarsi|last1=Ghosh|access-date=2024-10-14|title=The first ‘Julie’ that inspired several imitators in the Hindi erotic film genre|url=https://scroll.in/reel/850726/the-first-julie-that-inspired-several-imitators-in-the-hindi-erotic-film-genre|date=17 September 2017|website=[[Scroll.in]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0421277|Julie}}

{{Deepak Shivdasani}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Julie (Dasshan Matey)}}
[[Category:2004 films]]
[[Category:2004 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Indian erotic drama films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Himesh Reshammiya]]
[[Category:Indian erotic romance films]]
[[Category:Films about sexual abuse]]
[[Category:Films about prostitution in India]]
[[Category:Films about women in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Deepak Shivdasani]]

{{2000s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Chandika Sthan

2026-03-02T07:09:29Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{short description|Hindu temple in Munger, Bihar, India}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name = Chandika Asthan
|image = Chandika Sthan Temple near Saharsa Town.jpg
|caption = View of Chandika Asthan at Munger, Bihar
|alt = A shrine draped with red flowers.
|religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
|deity = [[Chandi]]
|festival = [[Navaratri]]
|country = {{flag|India}}
|state = [[Bihar]]
|district = [[Munger district|Munger]]
|location = Basudevpur
|map_type = India Bihar#India#Asia
|coordinates = {{coord|25|23|32.8|N|86|28|51.3|E|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 42
|website = https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/chandi-asthaan
}}

'''Chandika Sthan''' is a [[Hindu]] temple situated in [[Munger]], in the [[India]] [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Bihar]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Incredible Munger Bihar |title=Shakti Peeth:Temple of Maa Chandika,Munger |url=https://im-bihar.in/2020/03/20/shakti-peeth-of-india-chandika-asthan-munger-bihar/ |access-date=15 October 2020 |language=English |date=20 March 2020 |archive-date=19 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919121808/https://im-bihar.in/2020/03/20/shakti-peeth-of-india-chandika-asthan-munger-bihar/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is one of the fifty-one [[Shakti Peethas]], places of worship consecrated to the goddess [[Shakti]]. On the Northeast corner of Munger, Chandika Sthan is just two kilometers away from the Munger town. Being a Siddhi-Peetha, Chandika Sthan is considered to be one of the most sacred and sanctified temples, as important as the [[Kamakhya Temple|Kamakshya temple]] near [[Guwahati]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CHANDI ASTHAAN |url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/chandi-asthaan/ |website=Munger District, Government of Bihar |access-date=15 October 2020}}</ref> Sati's left eye fell here and it is believed that those who worship here get rid of eye pain.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-20 |title=इस मंदिर में आने वालों का दूर हो जाता है नेत्र रोग, डाक्टर भी हो जाते हैं हैरान {{!}} Chandika shaktipeeth in bihar munger |url=https://www.patrika.com/temples/chandika-shaktipeeth-in-bihar-munger-3736708/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=Patrika News |language=hi-IN}}</ref> It is one of the major [[Hindus|Hindu pilgrimage]] centre in [[Anga|'''Ang Pradesh''']] region of Bihar.

==Legend==
Legendary tales and the Hindu folklore says that it was to save the world from the anger of [[Shiva]], as he took the corpse of [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]] and wandered. The same legend says that the left eye of the Sati fell at Munger, which subsequently developed into a place of worship of the Divine Mother [[Chandi]]. Among the different Shakti peethas Chandika Sthan is famous for the cure of eye troubles, as per the traditional belief of the local folklore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |date=2022-09-07 |title=Chandika Sthan, Munger, Bihar - One of the 51 Shakti Peethas |url=https://mytempletrips.in/chandika-sthan-munger-bihar/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=Historical temples, Ancient temples, Famous Indian Temples |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Chandika Sthan,Munger(Ang Pradesh) |work=[[TV9 Bharatvarsh]] |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/spiritual/chandika-place-of-munger-mother-eye-is-worshiped-here-dani-karna-used-donate-gold-everyday-bihar-munger-navratri-au213-1482227.html }}</ref>

==The Chandika Sthan Temple as a Shakti Peeth==
{{main|Daksha Yaga|Shakti Peethas}}
[[File:Dakshayani.jpg|thumb|Shiva carrying the corpse of [[Sati (goddess)|Sati]] Devi]]
The Chandika Sthan Temple is believed to be a Shakti Peetha,<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHANDI ASTHAAN {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/chandi-asthaan/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> the divine shrine of [[Shaktism]]. ''The mythology of Daksha Yaga and Sati's self-immolation and Shiva carrying the corpse of Sati Devi'' is the story of origin behind the Shakti Peetha shrines. It is believed that Sati Devi's left eye has fallen here.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kottiyoor Devaswam Temple Administration Portal|url=http://kottiyoordevaswom.com/|work=kottiyoordevaswom.com/|publisher=Kottiyoor Devaswam|access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref>

==King Karna==
[[File:Chandika Asthan at Munger, Bihar.jpg|thumb
|Sign at the gate]]
Another legend connected with Chandika Sthan is regarding King [[Karna]] of the ancient Indian kingdom of [[Anga]], who used to worship Goddess [[Chandi|Chandi Mata]] every day and in turn, the Goddess gave him 114 pounds (equivalent to 50 kilograms) of gold for distribution among the needy and downtrodden at Karanchaura, now a local name for the vicinity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=चंडिका स्थानः यहां गिरी थी सती की बाईं आंख अंगराज कर्ण से भी जुड़ी है कथा - |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/munger-chandika-sthan-is-famous-for-its-association-with-angraj-karna-14824519.html |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref>

==Location==
Chandika Sthan is approximately {{cvt|1|km}} from ITC Ltd, '''Basudevpur''', [[Munger]]. The nearest railway station is [[Munger railway station|Munger Junction]], and the nearest airport is [[Deoghar Airport]] preceding [[Jay Prakash Narayan Airport|Patna Airport]]. On the Northeast corner of Munger, '''Chandika Sthan''' is {{convert|2|km}} away from the [[Munger|Munger Town]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHANDI ASTHAAN {{!}} Munger District, Government of Bihar {{!}} India |url=https://munger.nic.in/tourist-place/chandi-asthaan/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chandika Sthan, Bihar - Info, Timings, Photos, History |url=https://www.templepurohit.com/hindu-temple/chandika-sthan/ |access-date=2023-07-27 |website=TemplePurohit - Your Spiritual Destination {{!}} Bhakti, Shraddha Aur Ashirwad |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindu temples in Bihar}}

[[Category:Shakta pithas]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Bihar]]
[[Category:Munger district]]
[[Category:Shakti temples in Bihar]]

Bewal, Raebareli

2026-02-24T10:12:15Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{other uses|Bewal}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bewal
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Chhatoh block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Bewal (#416) in Chhatoh CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.144264|N|81.558063|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here|title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Raebareli district|Raebareli]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 7.117
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 2781
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = UP-35
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Bewal''' is a village in [[Chhatoh]] block of [[Rae Bareli district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Rae Bareli, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=410–26 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0927_PART_A_DCHB_RAE%20BARELI.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> It is located 32 km from [[Raebareli]], the district headquarters.<ref name="Census 1981"/> As of 2011, Bewal has a population of 2,781 people, in 485 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has 4 primary schools and no healthcare facilities, and it hosts a weekly [[haat]] but not a permanent market.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Bhuwalpur Sisni]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Bewal as comprising 23 hamlets, with a total population of 1,183 people (605 male and 578 female), in 298 households and 247 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (42 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=158–9, 212 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/933/1/23644_1951_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 1,421 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 15 residents were literate, all male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Parshadepur]] and the [[thana]] of [[Nasirabad, Raebareli|Nasirabad]].<ref name="Census 1951"/> As of 1951, Bewal had a primary school with 103 students.<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bewal as comprising 26 hamlets, with a total population of 1,455 people (686 male and 769 female), in 298 households and 287 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (39 - Raebareli District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=c-ci of section "Salon Tahsil" |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1047/1/22852_1961_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 1,429 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Bewal as having a population of 1,940 people, in 457 households, and having an area of 575.06 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=208–9 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1298/1/50861_1981_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Bewal as having a total population of 2,292 people (1,179 male and 1,113 female), in 434 households and 433 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 256–7 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1443/1/36846_1991_RAE.pdf |access-date=11 October 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 468 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 392, or 17.1% of the total; this group was 56% male (221) and 44% female (171).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled castes]] made up 16.7% of the village's population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 16% (318 men and 53 women).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 675 people were classified as main workers (537 men and 138 women), while 298 people were classified as marginal workers (47 men and 251 women); the remaining 1,319 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 564 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 78 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 6 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 0 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 3 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 24 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==History==
Bewal was a Jamindari before independence, which was ruled by [[Kanhpuriya|Kanhpuria]] Kshatriya ( [[Rajput|Rajputs]] ), who was a part/family of Tekari Raj, about 200 years old Kot/palace is still situated in Bewal.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Raebareli district}}

[[Category:Villages in Raebareli district]]

M. N. Srinivas

2026-02-14T02:17:54Z

LatonyaBiaggini: enhance article and updated info per sources

{{Short description|Indian anthropologist and sociologist (1916–1999)}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = M. N. Srinivas
| image = Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=y|1916|11|16}}
| birth_place = [[Iyengar , Mysore]], [[Kingdom of Mysore]], [[British India]] (now in [[Karnataka]], [[India]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=y|1999|11|30|1916|11|16}}
| death_place = [[Bangalore]] (now [[Bengaluru]]), Karnataka, India
| spouse = Rukmini Srinivas
| alma_mater = [[University of Oxford]], [[University of Mumbai]]
| discipline = [[Sociology]], [[Social Anthropology]]
| main_interests = [[Culture of India|Indian Society]], [[Caste system in India]]
| notable_works = [[The Remembered Village]], Indian Society through Personal Writings, Village, Caste, Gender and Method: Essays in Indian Social Anthropology
| notable_ideas = [[Sanskritization]], Inter and intra-caste solidarity
| honorific_prefix = [[Padma Bhushan]]
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]] (1977)
| influences = [[Alfred Radcliffe-Brown]]
| honorific_suffix = [[Fellow of the British Academy|HonFBA]]
}}

{{sociology}}

'''Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas''' (16 November 1916 – 30 November 1999)<ref>Barry Bearak, [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/03/world/m-n-srinivas-is-dead-at-83-studied-india-s-caste-system.html M. N. Srinivas Is Dead at 83; Studied India's Caste System], ''[[The New York Times]]'', 3 December 1999.</ref> was an Indian [[sociologist]] and social anthropologist.<ref>{{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20090304175731/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl1626/16261120.htm M.N. Srinivas: Obituary in the Hindu Frontline]}}.</ref> He is mostly known for his work on [[caste]] and caste systems, [[social stratification]], [[Sanskritisation]] and Westernisation in southern [[India]] and the concept of '[[dominant caste]]'. He is considered to be one of the pioneering personalities in the field of sociology and social anthropology in India as his work in [[Rampur, Karnataka|Rampura]] (later published as ''[[The Remembered Village]]'') remains one of the early examples of [[ethnography]] in India. That was in contrast to most of his contemporaries of the Bombay School, who focused primarily on a [[historical method]]ology to conduct research, mainly in [[Indology]]. He also founded the Department of Sociology at the [[Delhi School of Economics]], [[Delhi University|University of Delhi]] in 1959.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History – Department of Sociology |url=https://sociology.du.ac.in/history/ |access-date=2023-08-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Biography ==
Srinivas was born in a [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|last=Basu|first=Napur|date=1999-12-23|title=MN Srinivas|url=http://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/dec/23/guardianobituaries3|access-date=2022-01-12|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> on 16 November 1916.<ref name="Joshi2000">{{cite journal|last=Joshi|first=P. C.|title=Remembering M. N. Srinivas (16.11.1916 — 30.11.1999)|journal=Sociological Bulletin|date=March 2000|volume=49|issue=1|pages=117–135|publisher=Indian Sociological Society|jstor=23619893}} {{closed access}}</ref>

Srinivas earned his doctorate in sociology from the University of Bombay (later renamed as University of Mumbai) and went to [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls College]], [[University of Oxford]] for his fellowship. Although, he had already written a book on family and marriage in [[Mysore]], his training there played a significant role in the development of his ideas. Srinivas taught in various institutions of repute like [[University of Delhi]], [[Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]], [[Institute for Social and Economic Change]], [[Bangalore]] and [[National Institute of Advanced Studies]], Bangalore.<ref name=Hindu-20130117 />

He died on 30 November 1999 at Bangalore, two weeks after his 83rd birthday.<ref name="Joshi2000"/>

== Contribution to Indian sociology and social anthropology ==
In a [[Frontline (magazine)|Frontline]] obituary, Parvathi Menon described him as India's most distinguished sociologist and social anthropologist.<ref name="Hindu-20130117">{{cite web|last=Menon |first=Parvathi |title=A scholar remembered |url=http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1626/16261120.htm |work=Frontline |publisher=The Hindu |access-date=17 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120817104951/http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1626/16261120.htm |archive-date=17 August 2012 }}</ref>
His contribution to the disciplines of sociology and [[social anthropology]] and to public life in India was unique. It was his capacity to break out of the strong mould in which (the mostly North American university oriented) [[area studies]] had been shaped after the end of the [[Second World War]] on the one hand, and to experiment with the disciplinary grounding of social anthropology and sociology on the other, which marked his originality as a social scientist.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

It was the conjuncture between [[Sanskrit]]ic scholarship and the strategic concerns of the [[Western Bloc]] in the aftermath of the Second World War which largely shaped [[South Asian]] area studies in the United States. During the colonial era, the [[Brahmin]]s or [[Pandit]]s were acknowledged as important interlocutors of [[Hindu law]]s and customs to the British colonial administration. The colonial assumptions about an unchanging Indian society led to the curious assemblage of Sanskrit studies with contemporary issues in most South Asian departments in the US and elsewhere. It was strongly believed that an Indian sociology must lie at the conjunction of [[Indology]] and sociology.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

Srinivas' scholarship was to challenge that dominant paradigm for understanding Indian society and would in the process, usher newer intellectual frameworks for understanding Hindu society. His views on the importance of caste in the electoral processes in India are well known. While some have interpreted this to attest to the enduring structural principles of social stratification of Indian society, for Srinivas these symbolised the dynamic changes that were taking place as democracy spread and electoral politics became a resource in the local world of village society.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

By inclination, he was not given to [[utopian]] constructions: his ideas about justice, equality and eradication of poverty were rooted in his experiences on the ground. His integrity in the face of demands that his sociology should take into account the new and radical aspirations was one of the most moving aspects of his writing. By the use of terms such as [[Sanskritisation]], "dominant caste", "vertical (inter-caste) and horizontal (intra-caste) solidarities", Srinivas sought to capture the fluid and dynamic essence of caste as a social institution.<ref>''Social Change in Modern India'', Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2000.</ref>

== Methodology ==
As part of his methodological practice, Srinivas strongly advocated ethnographic research based on [[Participant observation]],<ref name="Cross">Jamie Cross [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2013/09/05/book-review-the-remembered-village-srinivas/ "Book Review: The Remembered Village"], London School of Economics blog, 5 September 2013</ref> but his concept of fieldwork was tied to the notion of locally bounded sites. Thus some of his best papers, such as the paper on dominant caste and one on a joint family dispute, were largely inspired from his direct participation (and as a [[participant observer]]) in rural life in [[south India]]. He wrote several papers on the themes of national integration, issues of gender, new technologies, etc. It is really surprising as to why he did not theorise on the methodological implications of writing on these issues which go beyond the village and its institutions. His methodology and findings have been used and emulated by successive researchers who have studied caste in India.

His ''The Remembered Village'' (1976) is considered a classic in this field. It is a study based on the 11 months he spent in the village in 1948 and on subsequent visits until 1964.<ref name="Cross"/>

== Recognition ==
He received many honours from the [[University of Bombay]], the [[Royal Anthropological Institute]], and the [[Cabinet of France|Government of France]]; in 1977, he has received the [[Padma Bhushan]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/|title=National Portal of India|website=www.india.gov.in}}</ref> from the [[President of India]]; and he was the honorary foreign member of three academies: the [[British Academy]], the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/mysore-narasimhachar-srinivas |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en}}</ref> and the [[American Philosophical Society]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Mysore+N.+Srinivas&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref> [[National Translation Mission]] of the [[Ministry of Human Resource Development]] of Government of India has selected his works, ''Social Change in Modern India'' and ''Caste in Modern India'' for translation into Indian languages. The latter one has already been published in [[Maithili language]].

== Attributional approaches to caste ==
The scholars using the attributional approach stress the attributes of a [[caste]]. However, each of them lays emphasis on one or other of these attributes and how they affect interaction. In the case of Srinivas' writing in the 1950s, we find that he chooses to study the structure of relations arising between castes on the basis of these attributes. Thus he introduces a dynamic aspect of caste identity very forcefully. Before the concept of [[Sanskritisation|Sanskritization]] Srinivas put forth the concept of [[Brahmanization|Brahminization]] where the lower caste adopted the practices of the [[Brahmin]]s to improve their social status. During his study of north India Srinivas observed that the lower castes adopted the practices of the upper castes and not only Brahmins and so he called the concept as Sanskritization.

This aspect becomes clearer in Srinivas's work on positional mobility known as 'Sanskritization'. Sanskritization is a process whereby a caste attempts to raise its rank within the caste hierarchy by adopting the practice, the attributes of the caste or castes above them, in the rank order. This is to say the 'low' attributes are gradually dropped and the 'high' attributes of the castes above them are imitated. This involves adoption of vegetarianism, clean occupations and so on. Closely connected is the concept of dominant caste. The dominant caste in a village is conspicuous by its:

# Sizeable numerical presence
# Ownership of land
# Political power
#Access to western education
#Jobs in administration
#Place in local caste hierarchy

== Books ==
* ''Marriage and Family in Mysore'' (1942)
* ''Religion and Society Among the Coorgs'' (1952)
* ''Caste in Modern India and other essays'' (1962), Asia Publishing House
* ''[[The Remembered Village]]'' (1976, reissued by [[Oxford University Press|OUP]] in 2013)
* ''Indian Society through Personal Writings'' (1998)
* ''Village, Caste, Gender and Method'' (1998)
* ''Social Change in Modern India'' (1966)
* ''The Dominant Caste and Other Essays'' (ed.)(1986)
* ''Dimensions of Social Change in India''(1977)
* ''On Living in a Revolution and Other Essays'' (1993)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.india-seminar.com/2000/487/487%20memoriam.htm In memoriam by Veena Das]
*[http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/467/ An interview with M. N. Srinivas] by [[Chris Fuller (academic)|Chris Fuller]], [[London School of Economics]], 1999
*[https://www.sms.cam.ac.uk/media/1130578 Discussion led by Jack Goody and Stephen Levinson 24 May 1982, Cambridge (video)]
*{{cite news |work=The Guardian |title=Obituary: MN Srinivas - Scholar of Indian village life and the caste system |first=Napur |last=Basu |date=23 December 1999 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/1999/dec/23/guardianobituaries3 |access-date=2019-01-30}}

{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1970–79}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Srinivas, M N}}
[[Category:1916 births]]
[[Category:1999 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian anthropologists]]
[[Category:Indian sociologists]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda]]
[[Category:Writers from Mysore]]
[[Category:Sociologists of religion]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Delhi University]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Family sociologists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]
[[Category:Indian social sciences writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educational theorists]]
[[Category:Scholars from Mysore]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Corresponding fellows of the British Academy]]
[[Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society]]
[[Category:20th-century science writers]]

Saurabh Chaudhary

2026-02-07T10:52:19Z

LatonyaBiaggini: updated details

{{short description|Indian sport shooter (born 2002)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}

{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Saurabh Chaudhary
| image = Saurabh Chaudhary 2025.jpg
| caption = Chaudhary at the [[2025 ISSF World Cup|2025 World Cup]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2002|05|12|df=yes}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/CHAUDHARY-Saurabh-3029947/ | title=Athletes Saurabh Chaudhary | website=asiangames2018.id | publisher=[[Asian Games 2018]] | accessdate=21 August 2018 | archive-date=21 August 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821200444/https://en.asiangames2018.id/athletes/athlete/CHAUDHARY-Saurabh-3029947/ | url-status=dead }}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Meerut district|Kalina]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| height = 1.73 m
| sport = [[Shooting sport|Shooting]]
| event = [[ISSF 10 meter air pistol|10 m air pistol]]
| highestranking = 3
| pb = {{ubl
|246.3 '''[[World record|WJR]]''' (2019)
|240.7 '''[[List of Asian Games records in shooting|AGR]]''' (2018)
|591 '''NR''' (2025)
}}
| medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men's [[Shooting sports|shooting]]}}[[File: Shooting pictogram.svg|30px]]
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCount
|total = yes
| [[ISSF World Cup|World Cup Final]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|[[Asian Games]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| [[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]
| 4
| 3
| 2
| [[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]]
| 9
| 2
| 4
| [[Youth Olympic Games]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| [[ISSF Junior World Championships|Junior World Championships]]
| 1
| 0
| 1
| [[Asian Shooting Championships|Junior Asian Championships]]
| 2
| 1
| 0
| [[ISSF Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[ISSF 10 meter air pistol|10 m air pistol]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup|World Cup Final]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Putian]]|[[2019 ISSF World Cup#Mixed team results|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Asian Games|2018 Palembang]]|[[Shooting at the 2018 Asian Games – Men's 10 metre air pistol|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|2019 Taoyuan]]|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships#Mixed|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships|2019 Taoyuan]]|[[2019 Asian Airgun Championships#Men|Team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships#Men|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships#Mixed|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships|2025 Shymkent]]|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships#Men - Senior|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships|2019 Doha]]|[[2019 Asian Shooting Championships#Men|Team]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships|2025 Shymkent]]|[[2025 Asian Shooting Championships#Mixed - Senior|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF World Cup|World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Munich]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Beijing]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Munich]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2022 ISSF World Cup|2022 Cairo]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2025 ISSF World Cup|2025 Lima]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 Osijek]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 New Delhi]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|2019 Rio de Janeiro]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|2021 Osijek]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 ISSF World Cup|2025 Lima]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2025 ISSF World Cup|2025 Buenos Aires]]|[[ISSF World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Youth Olympic Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Youth Olympic Games|2018 Buenos Aires]]|[[Shooting at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 10 metre air pistol|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF Junior World Championships|Junior World Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2018 Changwon]]|[[2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Junior|Individual]]}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships|2018 Changwon]]|[[2018 ISSF World Shooting Championships#Junior|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Junior Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2017 Asian Airgun Championships|2017 Wako City]]|[[2017 Asian Airgun Championships|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 Asian Airgun Championships|2018 Kuwait City]]|[[2018 Asian Airgun Championships|Individual]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 Asian Airgun Championships|2016 Tehran]]|[[2016 Asian Airgun Championships|Individual]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|2018 Suhl]]|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|2018 Suhl]]|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2022 Suhl]]|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|Mixed team]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|2022 Suhl]]|[[ISSF Junior World Cup|Team]]}}
{{MedalSport|Men's [[ISSF 50 meter pistol|50 m pistol]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Shooting Championships|Asian Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships|2026 New Delhi]]|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships#Men|Individual]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships|2026 New Delhi]]|[[2026 Asian Rifle/Pistol Championships#Men|Team]]}}
}}

'''Saurabh Chaudhary''' (born 12 May 2002) is an Indian [[shooting sports|sport shooter]] who specializes in the [[ISSF 10 meter air pistol|10 m air pistol]] event.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/who-is-saurabh-chaudhary-asian-games-2018-gold-medal-5317213/|title=Asian Games 2018: Who is Saurabh Chaudhary?|date=21 August 2018|website=indianexpress.com|publisher=Indian Express|accessdate=21 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821191936/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/asian-games/who-is-saurabh-chaudhary-asian-games-2018-gold-medal-5317213/|url-status=live}}</ref> He rose to fame after clinching the gold medal in the [[Shooting at the 2018 Asian Games|10 m air pistol]] event at the [[2018 Asian Games]], becoming the youngest Indian ever to win an Asian Games gold at just 16 years old.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Record Player: Saurabh Chaudhary becomes India's youngest Asian Games individual gold medallist |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/asian-games/news/2018/aug/22/record-player-saurabh-chaudhary-becomes-indias-youngest-asian-games-individual-gold-medallist-1860975.html |access-date=2022-10-08 |website=The New Indian Express |archive-date=8 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008174610/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/asian-games/news/2018/aug/22/record-player-saurabh-chaudhary-becomes-indias-youngest-asian-games-individual-gold-medallist-1860975.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/asian-games-2018/asian-games-2018-saurabh-chaudhary-abhishek-verma-qualify-for-10m-air-pistol-final/story-Egsd0OMnX5WjnbFnqQ7MhN.html|website=hindustantimes.com|title=Asian Games 2018: Saurabh Chaudhary clinches gold, Abhishek Verma bronze in 10m Air Pistol shooting|date=21 August 2018|publisher=Hindustan Times|accessdate=21 August 2018|archive-date=21 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821073403/https://www.hindustantimes.com/asian-games-2018/asian-games-2018-saurabh-chaudhary-abhishek-verma-qualify-for-10m-air-pistol-final/story-Egsd0OMnX5WjnbFnqQ7MhN.html|url-status=live}}</ref> He set a world junior record with a score of 246.3 in the 10 m air pistol category in 2019, a record he still holds as of 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ISSF - International Shooting Sport Federation |url=https://www.issf-sports.org/competitions/records |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=www.issf-sports.org}}</ref> In recognition of his achievements, he was honored with the [[Arjuna Award]] in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-28 |title=List of National Sports Awards 2020 Winners |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/list-of-national-sports-awards-winners-1598256543-1 |access-date=2025-05-19 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Chaudhary was born in a [[Jats|Jat]] family of farmers in Kalina village, [[Meerut district]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. He took up shooting at 13 and practised daily, travelling 15 km each way on buses to his club run.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=http://www.aryangateways.org/|access-date=4 February 2021|website=Aryan Gateways|language=en-US|archive-date=8 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208114640/http://www.aryangateways.org/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Career==
Months before Tokyo Olympics, Chaudhary was effected by COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Sabi Hussain |date=Apr 22, 2021 |title=Having beaten Covid, Olympic hope Saurabh Chaudhary returns to shooting with renewed vigour {{!}} More sports News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/having-beaten-covid-olympic-hope-saurabh-chaudhary-returns-to-shooting-with-renewed-vigour/articleshow/82191158.cms |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=28 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240728122349/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/having-beaten-covid-olympic-hope-saurabh-chaudhary-returns-to-shooting-with-renewed-vigour/articleshow/82191158.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> But, sensational shooter Chaudhary<ref>{{Citation |title=Saurabh Chaudhary, Indian Shooting's Brightest Star at Tokyo Olympics {{!}} The Quint |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEzqgIcc8D8 |language=en |access-date=2022-08-06 |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806080233/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEzqgIcc8D8&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> fired his way into the finals of the men's 10m air pistol event by topping the qualifications at 1st position with 586/600<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2021-07-24 |title=Saurabh Chaudhary qualifies for 10m air pistol final at Tokyo Olympics, Abhishek Verma misses out |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-olympics/saurabh-chaudhary-qualify-for-10m-air-pistol-final-shooting-abhishek-verma-tokyo-olympics/article35503697.ece |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=sportstar.thehindu.com |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806080236/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/tokyo-olympics/saurabh-chaudhary-qualify-for-10m-air-pistol-final-shooting-abhishek-verma-tokyo-olympics/article35503697.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> with a mind-blowing performance in the Tokyo Olympics here on Saturday. Coach hard work at Aryangateways Sports Foundation<ref>{{Cite web |last=ehapurnews |date=2022-08-17 |title=शूटिंग प्रतियोगिता में शूटरों ने दिखाया दम, जीता गोल्ड |url=https://ehapurnews.com/shooters-showed-their-mettle-in-the-shooting-competition-won-gold/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Latest Hapur News, Pilkhuwa News, Simbhaoli हिन्दी समाचार & U.P india in hindi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ehapurnews |date=2022-08-13 |title=चार दिवसीय फर्स्ट आर्यन शूटिंग चैंपियनशिप का उद्घाटन |url=https://ehapurnews.com/four-day-first-aryan-shooting-championship-inaugurated/ |access-date=2022-09-21 |website=Latest Hapur News, Pilkhuwa News, Simbhaoli हिन्दी समाचार & U.P india in hindi |language=en-US |archive-date=21 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921044954/https://ehapurnews.com/four-day-first-aryan-shooting-championship-inaugurated/ |url-status=live }}</ref> for Saurabh proved itself in Olympics. Unfortunately in finals medal slipped off even after the entry at first position.<ref>{{Cite web |agency=PTI |date=Jul 24, 2021 |title=Tokyo Olympics: Saurabh Chaudhary finishes seventh in 10m pistol final after shining in qualifications {{!}} Tokyo Olympics News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-saurabh-chaudhary-finishes-seventh-in-10m-pistol-final-after-shining-in-qualifications/articleshow/84703172.cms |access-date=2022-08-06 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806080230/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-saurabh-chaudhary-finishes-seventh-in-10m-pistol-final-after-shining-in-qualifications/articleshow/84703172.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

At the age of 16 years, he won Gold n 10m air pistol at the Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires. And shot 244.2 to finish on top ahead of South Korea's Sung Yunho (236.7) and Switzerland's Solari Jason (215.6), who bagged silver and bronze respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 10, 2018|title=Youth Olympics: 16-year-old shooter Saurabh Chaudhary bags gold|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/saurabh-chaudhary-youth-olympics-shooting-1360316-2018-10-10|access-date=2021-07-26|website=India Today|language=en|archive-date=26 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726125924/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/other-sports/story/saurabh-chaudhary-youth-olympics-shooting-1360316-2018-10-10|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2018 ===
Chaudhary became the youngest Indian shooter to win a gold medal at the Asian Games. He participated in the Youth Olympic Games 2018 in Argentina and won gold. He won three golds in the Asian Airgun Championship in 2018:the 10m air pistol competition, the team competition and in the mixed team 10m pistol.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/shooting-world-cup-saurabh-chaudhary-breaks-world-record-to-win-10m-air-pistol-gold-secures-olympic-quota/articleshow/68137367.cms| website= timesofindia.com| title= Shooting World Cup: Saurabh Chaudhary breaks World Record to win 10m air pistol gold, secures Olympic quota – Times of India| access-date= 22 April 2024| archive-date= 30 August 2022| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220830095420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/shooting-world-cup-saurabh-chaudhary-breaks-world-record-to-win-10m-air-pistol-gold-secures-olympic-quota/articleshow/68137367.cms| url-status= live}}</ref>

=== 2019 ===
In February he won the gold medal at [[ISSF World Cup]] in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web| url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/shooting-world-cup-saurabh-chaudhary-breaks-world-record-to-win-10m-air-pistol-gold-secures-olympic-quota/articleshow/68137367.cms| title= Shooting World Cup: Saurabh Chaudhary breaks World Record to win 10m air pistol gold, secures Olympic quota – Times of India| website= timesofindia.com| access-date= 22 April 2024| archive-date= 30 August 2022| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220830095420/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/shooting-world-cup-saurabh-chaudhary-breaks-world-record-to-win-10m-air-pistol-gold-secures-olympic-quota/articleshow/68137367.cms| url-status= live}}</ref>

In April, he participated in Mixed Team 10m pistol with [[Manu Bhaker]] and won gold at [[ISSF World Cup]] in Beijing.{{citation needed|date=July 2019}}

In May he won gold and broke the world and junior records in 10m pistol [[ISSF World Cup]] in Munich.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.issf-sports.org/competitions/results/detail.ashx?cshipid=2545&resultkey=3b3b303b415036303b313b463b493b313b303b30|title=ISSF World Cup, Munich 2019: Result 10m Air Pistol Men|website=www.issf-sports.org|access-date=5 June 2019|archive-date=27 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927015251/https://www.issf-sports.org/competitions/results/detail.ashx?cshipid=2545&resultkey=3b3b303b415036303b313b463b493b313b303b30|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== 2020 ===
In January 2020, he won 63rd gold at the 63rd National Shooting Championship.in men's 10 metre air pistol.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/saurabh-chaudhary-gold-10-metre-air-pistol-national-shooting-championship-sarabjot-singh-final/article30479501.ece|title=Saurabh Chaudhary wins gold in National Shooting Championship|last=Srinivasan|first=Kamesh|website=Sportstar|language=en|access-date=6 January 2020|archive-date=21 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321124410/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/shooting/saurabh-chaudhary-gold-10-metre-air-pistol-national-shooting-championship-sarabjot-singh-final/article30479501.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2021 ===
In the [[Shooting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre air pistol|men's 10 metre air pistol event]] of the Tokyo Olympics he managed to reach the final finishing in 7th place.

=== 2025 ===
Saurabh returned to shooting in January 2025, setting a national record in 10m men's air pistol shooting with a score of 591,<ref>https://www.firstpost.com/sports/saurabh-chaudhary-comeback-national-shooting-championships-record-explained-13850400.html</ref> winning the national selection trials. <ref>https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/saurabh-chaudhary-shooting-trials-india-pistol-team-world-cup-9836626/</ref>

==Performance record==
===Youth Olympic Games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Championship
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|2018
|[[Youth Olympic Games]]
|[[Buenos Aires]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:580,Final:244.2
|}

===World Championship===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Championships
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Note
|-
|2017
|World Junior Championships
|[[Suhl]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
|4th
!Score:578,Final:198.0
|-
|rowspan=2|2018
|rowspan=2|World Junior Championships
|[[Changwon]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!score:581,Final:245.5
|-
|[[Changwon]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{bronze03}}
!score:761,Final:407.3
|}

===Asian Games===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Championship
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|2018
|[[2018 Asian Games]]
|[[Palembang]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!score:586,Final:240.7
|}

===World Cup===
====10m air pistol====
{| Class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Championships
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
|rowspan=1|2021
|rowspan=1|[[2021 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|New Delhi
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!2nd
!Score:587,Final:243.2
|-
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup]]
|rowspan=3|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|New Delhi
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!1st
!Score:587,Final:245.0WR
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!1st
!score:586,Final:246.3WR Jr. Sr.
|-
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!3rd
!score:584,Final:221.9
|-
|2019
|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup Final]]
|[[Putian]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!6th
!Score:581,Final:159.8
|-
|2018
|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]
|[[Suhl]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|10m air pistol]]
!1st
!Score:583,Final:243.7
|}

====Mixed team====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Year
!Championships
!Venue
!Event
!Rank
!Score
|-
| rowspan="1" |2021
| rowspan="1" |[[2021 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|New Delhi
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:384,Final:16
|-
| rowspan="4" |[[2019 ISSF World Cup]]
| rowspan="4" |[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup]]
|New Delhi
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:767,Final:478.9
|-
|Beijing
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:482,Final16
|-
|[[Munich]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!score:591,Final:17
|-
|[[Rio de Janeiro]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:-,Final:17
|-
|2019
|[[2019 ISSF World Cup|ISSF World Cup Final]]
|[[Putian]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Silver02}}
!score:389,Final:13
|-
|2018
|[[2018 ISSF Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]
|[[Suhl]]
|[[10 meter air pistol|Mixed team 10m air pistol]]
|{{Gold01}}
!Score:767,Final:478.9
|}

==Honours==
* ''[[The Times of India]]'' TOISA Shooter of the Year: 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|title=TOISA 2021: Neeraj Chopra headlines the list of winners|date=14 October 2021|access-date=26 October 2022|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|publisher=[[The Times of India]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026215006/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toisa-2021-neeraj-chopra-headlines-the-list-of-winners/articleshow/94847901.cms|archive-date=26 October 2022|location=New Delhi|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref>

==Gallery==
{{Multiple image
| image1 = AGSF Arjun Award.jpg
| caption1 = The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Narendra Modi|Shri Narendra Modi]] greeted Saurabh Chaudhary as Gold Medalist youth Olympian, in [[Delhi]] on 21 October 2018
| image2 = Arjuna Award.jpg
| caption2 = The [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]], [[Kiren Rijiju]] (Minister) presenting the [[Arjuna Award]], 2020 to Saurabh Chaudhary the shooter of Aryangateways Sports Foundation at [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]], in [[New Delhi]] on 29 August 2020
}}

== See also ==

*[[National Rifle Association of India]] (NRAI)
*[[International Shooting Sport Federation|International Shooting Sports Federation]] (ISSF)
*[[Sports Authority of India|Sports Authoruity of India]] (SAI)
*[https://upstaterifle.com/ Uttar Pradesh State Rifle Association] (UPSRA)

== References ==

<references />

== External links ==
* {{ISSF}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{Olympics.com|saurabh-chaudhary}}
* {{2018 Asian Games profile|CHAUDHARY-Saurabh-3029947}}
*{{cite web | url=https://www.khelkhiladi.in/saurabh-chaudhary-an-indian-sport-shooter-son-of-a-farmer-dare-to-dream-big/ | title=17 वर्षीय किसान का बेटा जिसने बड़ा सपना देखा और उसे जीता: सौरभ चौधरी 0 | first=Sourabh | last=Sharma | date=1 April 2019 | publisher=Khel Khiladi | accessdate=21 July 2019 | archive-date=22 July 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722013109/https://www.khelkhiladi.in/saurabh-chaudhary-an-indian-sport-shooter-son-of-a-farmer-dare-to-dream-big/ | url-status=dead }}
*[https://www.aryangateways.org/ Aryangateways Sports Foundation] (AGSF)

{{Asian Games Champions Shooting 10 m Air Pistol Men}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chaudhary, Saurabh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2002 births]]
[[Category:Indian male sport shooters]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Asian Games shooters for India]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics]]
[[Category:Youth Olympic gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Arjuna Award]]
[[Category:Olympic shooters for India]]
[[Category:Shooters at the 2020 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Meerut]]
[[Category:Asian Games gold medalists in shooting]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]

Sheikh (song)

2026-01-20T04:50:30Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made new post w/ refs

{{short description|2020 single by Karan Aujla}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Sheikh
| cover = Sheikh song.jpg
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Karan Aujla]]
| album = Sheikh
| language = Punjabi
| released = {{Start date|2020|4|19}}
| recorded =
| studio =
| venue =
| genre =
| length = {{Duration|m=4|s=16}}
| label = Rehaan
| composer =
| writer = Karan Aujla
| producer = * Manna
* [[Sandeep Rehaan]] ([[Executive producer|exec.]])
| prev_title = [[Red Eyes (song)|Red Eyes]]
| prev_year = 2020
| next_title =
| next_year =
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|4uMchksQJng|"Sheikh"}}}}
}}

'''Sheikh''' is a song by Indian singer and lyricist [[Karan Aujla]]. The song was written by Aujla and music was composed by Manna. The music video was directed by [[Rupan Bal]], and was shot in [[Dubai]] and [[Punjab, India]]. The song was released on 19 April 2020, along with its music video by Rehaan Records.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-songs-2020-sheikh-full-video-sung-by-karan-aujla/videoshow/75245197.cms|title=Latest Punjabi Songs 2020 'Sheikh (Full Video)' Sung By Karan Aujla {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> The official poster of the song was released by Aujla on 20 March 2020.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/karan-aujla-will-be-seen-in-different-look-for-his-upcoming-song/|title=Karan Aujla will be seen in different look for his upcoming song.|date=2020-03-20|website=PTC Punjabi|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

==Background==
"Sheikh"'s audio was leaked in early February 2020.<ref name=":10" /> Aujla started filming its music video in March 2020. He released the song's cover on 20 March 2020 on his [[Instagram]] handle.<ref name=":11" /> On 17 March 2020, the song's music video was leaked on YouTube.<ref name=":12" /> Following the leak, Aujla announced the release of the original song and its music video.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://britasia.tv/karan-aujla-released-new-track-sheikh-today/|title=Karan Aujla Released New Track 'Sheikh' Today|last=Grewal|first=Simran|date=2020-04-19|website=BritAsia TV|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> Some of the regional Punjabi channels accused [[Karan Aujla]]'s co-artist [[Deep Jandu]] of leaking the song. However, Aujla and Jandu both rubbished the news, and stated it was false.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailyentxpress.com/deep-jandu-fires-back-at-false-accusations-over-karan-aujla-sheikh-song|title=Deep Jandu Fires Back At False Accusations Over Karan Aujla Sheikh Song -|date=2020-04-20|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Karan Aujla ਬੋਲਿਆ Deep Jandu ਬਾਰੇ {{!}} Sheikh Song Leak Kisne Kita|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKaZsQdi8iM|language=en|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref> Jandu is also credited as a co-composer on [[Gaana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gaana.com/albuminfo/sheikh|title=Sheikh Album Info|last=|first=|date=|website=[[Gaana]]|access-date=2020-04-21}}</ref>

==Music video==
The music video was directed by [[Rupan Bal]], and was shot in [[Dubai]] and [[Punjab, India]]. Aujla himself starred in it, and a 18K hand crafted [[Nissan GT-R|GTR]] and a [[Bugatti Veyron|Bugatti]] were used in the music video.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B_G6N0ej1GV/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/rupanbal/2289773496962601365 |archive-date=2021-12-26 |url-access=registration|title=Rupan Bal on Instagram: "18k Gold GTR (Hand Crafted) and a Buggati.... Ask @sandeeprehaan85 @karanaujla_official for the budget they spent on this video.... Paunde…"|website=Instagram|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/karan-aujla-latest-punjabi-song-sheikh-on-trending/|title=ਕਰਨ ਔਜਲਾ ਨੇ ਨਵੇਂ ਗੀਤ 'Sheikh' ਨਾਲ ਜਿੱਤਿਆ ਦਰਸ਼ਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਦਿਲ, ਗੀਤ ਛਾਇਆ ਟਰੈਂਡਿੰਗ 'ਚ, ਦੇਖੋ ਵੀਡੀਓ|last=kaur|first=Lajwinder|date=2020-04-20|website=PTC Punjabi|language=pa|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> The song's audio and video were leaked before its original release.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/B_GtZP-no24/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/instagram/karanaujla_official/2289717107801099704 |archive-date=2021-12-26 |url-access=registration|title=Karan Aujla on Instagram: "Yaar menu laggey koi shreek hogea , Kyoke Mai v zindgi ch theek hogea , Aujla ni aujla aje ni dabda , Fer ki hoya j gaana leak hogea 🙏…"|website=Instagram|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}{{cbignore}}</ref> One of the leaked version audios on YouTube was viewed over eight million times.<ref name=":10">{{Citation|title=Sheikh - Karan Aujla (Official Song) Deep Jandu {{!}} New Punjabi Songs 2020 {{!}} New Karan Aujla Song 2020|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSXcpUGQkOE|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200418023924/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSXcpUGQkOE&feature=youtu.be|archive-date=2020-04-18|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Following the leak, additional visual effects were added to the music video, which includes large whales floating in the sky. A chained tiger and a monkey also appeared in the music video.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lemonwire.com/2020/04/22/top-20-punjabi-songs-april-22-2020/|title=Top 20 Punjabi Songs – April 22, 2020|last=Rao|first=Gayatri|date=2020-04-22|website=LemonWire|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> Its official music video was released on 19 April 2020 on [[YouTube]], by Rehaan Records. It topped the trending list in India;<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spotboye.com/pollywood/pollywood-music/karan-aujla-drops-his-new-track-sheikh/5e9d901b74f5ce660a2252a2|title=Karan Aujla Drops His New Track 'Sheikh'|last=SpotboyE|website=www.spotboye.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> and was viewed over three million times within twenty-four hours of its release.<ref>{{Citation|title=Sheikh (Full Video) Karan Aujla|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uMchksQJng|website=[[YouTube]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200420090935/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4uMchksQJng&feature=youtu.be|archive-date=2020-04-20|author=Rehaan Records| date=19 April 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref><ref name=":9" />

==Reception==
The older version of the song debuted at number 99 on [[Apple Music]] daily charts in India, upon release of the music video. And, it jumped to number 43 on the next day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|title=Top 100: India|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421020144/https://music.apple.com/in/playlist/top-100-india/pl.c0e98d2423e54c39b3df955c24df3cc5|archive-date=2020-04-21|website=[[Apple Music]]|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-04-20}}</ref> In United Kingdom, the song debuted at number 32 on Asian music chart, and entered top 30 in next week.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4KtcNbK96k0T6mRy2YnxMy1/find-out-who-is-number-1-this-week|title=BBC - Asian Music Chart|website=BBC|language=en-GB|access-date=2020-04-25}}</ref> On The Official Punjabi chart by ''[[Official Charts Company]]'' and ''BritAsia TV'', the song debuted at number 12.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The Official Punjabi Chart|language=en-GB|work=BritAsia TV|url=https://britasia.tv/chart/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507071456/https://britasia.tv/chart/|archive-date=2020-05-07|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2020 songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Punjabi]]

Ishq Jaisa Kuch

2026-01-19T23:20:01Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made Entry

{{Short description|2023 song by Vishal Dadlani, Shekhar Ravjiani, Shilpa Rao and Mellow D}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Ishq Jaisa Kuch
| type = single
| cover = Ishq Jaisa Kuch.jpeg
| caption = Song cover
| artist = [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], [[Shilpa Rao]] and Mellow D
| album = [[Fighter (soundtrack)|Fighter]]
| language = [[Hindi]]
| released = 22 December 2023
| recorded = 2022–2023
| studio = Future Sound of Bombay, [[Mumbai]]
| genre = {{hlist|[[Dance music|Dance]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[Classical music|Western classical]]|[[soft rock]]}}
| length = 2:49
| label = [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]]
| singer =
| writer =
| composer = [[Vishal–Shekhar]]
| lyricist = [[Kumaar]]
| producer = Abhijit Nalani
| tracks =
| misc = {{External music video|type=single|{{YouTube|id=Y8RDVRKMf_Y|title="Ishq Jaisa Kuch"}}
}}
}}

"'''Ishq Jaisa Kuch'''" is an Indian [[Hindi]]-language song, composed by [[Vishal–Shekhar]] with lyrics written by [[Kumaar]] and sung by [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], [[Shilpa Rao]] and Mellow D, for the [[Fighter (soundtrack)|soundtrack album]] of the 2024 Indian film ''[[Fighter (2024 film)|Fighter]]''. It was released on 22 December 2023 as the second single from the album, through [[T-Series (company)|T-Series]].

Upon release, the song received positive reviews by audience and critics. The hook step in the film, performed by the lead actors [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]] became widely popular and a pop-cultural phenomenon. The track also topped the national charts, in all music and video platforms.

"Ishq Jaisa Kuch" experienced large amounts of commercial success. The song debuted at number on the [[Billboard India Songs|''Billboard'' India Songs]].

== Composition ==
[[Vishal–Shekhar]] composed the song which was sung by [[Vishal Dadlani]], [[Shekhar Ravjiani]], [[Shilpa Rao]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/fighter-song-kuch-ishq-jaisa-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-chemistry-hotness-2479294-2023-12-22|title='Fighter' song 'Kuch Ishq Jaisa' has too much hotness, chemistry in every frame|date=22 December 2023|website=India Today}}</ref> Rap portion was done by Mellow D.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/bollywood-news/article/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-sizzling-beach-track-ghungroobesharam-rang-23326215|title=Fighter song Ishq Jaisa Kuch: Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone gift another sizzling beach track after Ghungroo and Besharam Rang|date=22 December 2023|website=Mid-day}}</ref> [[Kumaar]] worked on the lyrics for the track.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/english/entertainment/movie/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-out-deepika-padukone-and-hrithik-roshans-sizzling-chemistry-is-all-set-to-set-the-screens-on-fire/na20231222144115790790833|title=Fighter song Ishq Jaisa Kuch out: Deepika Padukone and Hrithik Roshan's sizzling chemistry is all set to set the screens on fire|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=22 December 2023|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref>

== Music video ==
The music video featuring [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Deepika Padukone]], was shot across [[Italy]] in September 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/exclusives/fighter-exclusive-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-off-to-italy-to-shoot-a-dance-number-and-romantic-ballad-1245434|title=FIGHTER EXCLUSIVE: Hrithik Roshan, Deepika Padukone off to Italy to shoot a dance number and romantic ballad|date=23 September 2023|website=PINKVILLA}}</ref> It was choreographed by the duo [[Bosco–Caesar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news24online.com/entertainment/fighter-new-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-out/202873/|title=Fighter: New Song 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch' OUT}}</ref> The song begins with Roshan walking [[Toplessness|bare-chested]] from the sea, while Padukone dons a black [[monokini]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-12-22 |title='Ishq Jaisa Kuch' song from 'Fighter' out: Hrithik Roshan and Deepika will win hearts with their chemistry - WATCH |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/ishq-jaisa-kuch-song-from-fighter-out-hrithik-roshan-and-deepika-will-win-hearts-with-their-chemistry-watch/articleshow/106209873.cms |access-date=2024-03-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Later in the song, the leading duo is seen in beach and party-ready outfits, with Padukone wearing a gold and silver embellished mini skirt and bralette-style top by [[Paco Rabanne]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-23 |title=Deepika Padukone's mini skirt and bralette for Fighter song Ishq Jaisa Kuch with Hrithik Roshan costs a whopping... |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/deepika-padukone-mini-skirt-and-bralette-for-fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-with-hrithik-roshan-costs-a-whopping-101703298543726.html |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Release ==
The teaser of the track was released on 20 December.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-teaser-deepika-padukone-hrithik-roshan-look-mesmerizing-watch/|title=Fighter song 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch' teaser: Deepika Padukone and Hrithik Roshan look mesmerizing, watch : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=20 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/bollywood/ishq-jaisa-kuch-teaser-out-now-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-steamy-romance-number-from-fighter-will-get-you-tapping-your-feet-article-106159704|title=Ishq Jaisa Kuch Teaser Out Now! Hrithik, Deepika's Steamy Romance Number From Fighter Will Get You Tapping Your Feet|date=20 December 2023|website=Times Now}}</ref> The second single "Ishq Jaisa Kuch" was released on 22 December 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zeenews.india.com/bollywood/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-out-dont-miss-deepika-padukone-hrithik-roshans-sizzling-chemistry-2701876.html|title=Fighter Song Ishq Jaisa Kuch Out: Dont Miss Deepika Padukone-Hrithik Roshans Sizzling Chemistry|website=Zee News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/bollywood/fighter-deepika-padukone-hrithik-roshan-sizzle-in-new-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch|title='Fighter': Deepika Padukone-Hrithik Roshan Sizzle in New Song 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch'|first=Quint|last=Entertainment|date=22 December 2023|website=TheQuint}}</ref>

== Critical reception ==
Pranita Chaubey of [[NDTV]] wrote "Hrithik Roshan's exceptional dance moves matched by an equally adept Deepika Padukone. Add scenic locations and Deepika and Hrithik's chemistry to the mix and that is the track Ishq Jaisa Kuch summed up for you."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-we-dare-you-to-look-away-from-deepika-padukone-hrithik-roshan-4722081|title=Fighter Song Ishq Jaisa Kuch: We Dare You To Look Away From Deepika Padukone-Hrithik Roshan|website=www.ndtv.com}}</ref> ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' said the song "is poised to be a game-changer with a perfect blend of catchy lyrics, captivating visuals, and foot-tapping beats".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-starrer-track-ishq-jaisa-kuch-fighter-watch/|title=Hrithik Roshan-Deepika Padukone starrer track 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch' from Fighter out, watch : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|first=Bollywood|last=Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 December 2023}}</ref> ''[[ABP News]]'' commented it "enthralls the hearts of viewers with its sizzling romantic track, the dynamic chemistry between the gorgeous duo - Hrithik and Deepika, picturesque landscapes, and a melody that resonates deeply. It's poised to charm the audience in every possible manner".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/fighter-new-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-out-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-s-flaming-chemistry-lights-up-the-screen-1651756|title=Fighter Song 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch' Out: Hrithik Roshan & Deepika Padukone's Chemistry Lights Up|date=22 December 2023|website=news.abplive.com}}</ref>
''[[Firstpost]]'' wrote "Vishal & Sheykhar, Shilpa Rao, and Mellow D lend their extraordinary voices to this melody, complemented by lyrics crafted by Kumaar. ‘Ishq Jaisa Kuch,’ composed by Vishal & Sheykhar and choreographed by dynamic duo Bosco and Caesar, promises to be an irresistible groovy yet romantic hit."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/fighter-hrithik-roshan-and-deepika-padukone-ignite-the-screen-with-their-chemistry-in-ishq-jaisa-kuch-song-13535902.html|title=Fighter: Hrithik Roshan and Deepika Padukone ignite the screen with their chemistry in 'Ishq Jaisa Kuch' song|date=22 December 2023|website=Firstpost}}</ref> Shreyanka Mazumdar of ''[[News18]]'' wrote "In the song, Deepika makes sure she is the cynosure of all eyes in a black monokini, a sequinned crop top paired with a mini skirt, and a one-shoulder blue bodysuit. Hrithik Roshan also exudes heat in unbuttoned shirts. Their dance unfolds against the backdrop of a pristine ocean."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/movies/fighter-song-ishq-jaisa-kuch-hrithik-roshan-deepika-padukone-sizzle-in-the-love-song-with-groovy-beats-8714096.html|title=Fighter Song Ishq Jaisa Kuch: Hrithik Roshan-Deepika Padukone Sizzle In The Love Song With Groovy Beats|website=News18}}</ref>

== Credits and personnel ==
{{div col}}
* [[Vishal–Shekhar]]{{spaced ndash}} composer, vocal
* [[Kumaar]]{{spaced ndash}} lyricist
* [[Shilpa Rao]]{{spaced ndash}}vocal
* Mellow D{{spaced ndash}}rap
* [[Bosco–Caesar]]{{spaced ndash}} Choreographer
* [[Eric Pillai]]{{spaced ndash}} mix engineer
* Abhijit Nalani{{spaced ndash}} music producer
* Rhythm Shaw{{spaced ndash}} guitar
{{div col end}}

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Nominee/Work
!Result
!Ref.
|-
| 2025
| [[25th IIFA Awards]]
|[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
|[[Shilpa Rao]] {{small|for "Ishq Jaisa Kuch"}}
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Awasthi |first=Pragati |date=2025-03-07 |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Date, time, host, venue, nominees list and more |url=https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-date-time-host-venue-nominees-list-and-more-8831806 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=Wion |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IIFA Awards 2025: Laapataa Ladies Sweeps 10 Awards. Kartik Aaryan Named Best Actor. Check Full List Of Winners |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/iifa-awards-2025-laapataa-ladies-sweeps-with-10-awards-kartik-aaryan-named-best-actor-check-full-list-of-winners-7888397 |access-date=2025-03-11 |website=www.ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>
|}

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+ Chart performances for "Ishq Jaisa Kuch"
! scope="col"| Chart (2023)
! scope="col"| Peak position
|-
! scope="row" |[[Billboard India Songs|India]] (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')|<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/india-songs-hotw/2024-01-06/|title=India Songs|first=Michael|last=Cusson|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=15 February 2022}}</ref>
|16
|-
! scope="row" |[[United Kingdom]] ([[Official Charts Company|Official Video Streaming Chart]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/video-streaming-chart/20231229/7508/|title=Official Video Streaming Chart on 29/12/2023|website=Official Charts}}</ref>
|79
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{YouTube|id=Y8RDVRKMf_Y|title="Ishq Jaisa Kuch"}}
{{T-Series}}
{{Vishal–Shekhar}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2023 songs]]
[[Category:Songs written for Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Songs in Hindi]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Vishal–Shekhar]]
[[Category:Shilpa Rao songs]]
[[Category:Songs with lyrics by Kumaar]]
[[Category:T-Series (company) singles]]
[[Category:Filmi songs]]

Poongatru Thirumbuma

2026-01-12T09:23:23Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Adding initial entry from scratch - done

{{Infobox television

| caption =
| genre = [[Psychological thriller]] [[Tamil television drama|Drama]]
| executive_producer = Thirumalai
| writer = Sathish Rajvade Abijith Guru Sativ Vishwasrav
| screenplay = V.N Saranavan Subamanimala {{small|(dialogues)}}
| director = Rajan Sundaram
| starring = {{Plainlist|
* Shobanaa Uthaman
* Sameer Ahamathu
}}
| theme_music_composer = Kiran
| composer =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 183
| producer = Pradeep Narayanan
| company = Nexon Studios
| open_theme =
| cinematography = Shivan Ilayaraja
| editor = P.M Achuthan G.P Karthik
| camera = [[Multi-Camera]]
| location = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| runtime = approx. 22–24 minutes per episode
| channel = [[Star Vijay]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2025|4|28|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2026|1|3| df=yes}}
}}

'''''Poongatru Thirumbuma''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Tamil-language|Tamil]]-language [[Psychological thriller]] [[Drama (film and television)|drama]] television series starring Shobanaa Uthaman and Sameer Ahamathu in lead role.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/shobanaa-uthaman-and-sameer-to-play-the-leads-in-upcoming-show-poongatru-thirumbuma/articleshow/120509484.cms|title=Shobanaa Uthaman and Sameer to play the leads in upcoming show 'Poongatru Thirumbuma'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 April 2025|language=en}}</ref> It is produced by Pradeep Narayanan under the banner of Nexon Studios.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.dinamani.com/cinema/cinema-news/2025/Apr/20/broadcast-time-of-the-new-series|title=பூங்காற்று திரும்புமா: புதிய தொடரின் ஒளிபரப்பு நேரம் அறிவிப்பு!|website=[[Dinamani]]|date=20 April 2025|language=ta}}</ref> The show premiered on [[Star Vijay]] on 28 April 2025 and ended with 183 episodes on 3 January 2026 and is also available on the digital platform [[JioHotstar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/television/vijay-tv-poongatru-thirumbuma-serial-climax-coming-soon-1v0n7i7?photo=4|title=ஆரம்பித்த வேகத்தில் இழுத்து மூடப்படும் விஜய் டிவி சீரியல்... அதிர்ச்சியில் ரசிகர்கள்|website=tamil.asianetnews.com|access-date=29 December 2025|language=ta}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The series follows the story of Anandhi (Shobanaa Uthaman), is an unhappy marriage with Veerapathiran (Eshan Shyam), a controlling, obsessive, and abusive husband who is a psychologically unstable husband. She will to escape from his, but finds her peaceful new life with Kumaran (Sameer Ahamathu), interrupted when he discovers his actions and tracks her down.

==Cast==
===Main===
* Shobanaa Uthaman as Anandhi
* Sameer Ahamathu as Kumaran

=== Supporting ===
* Eshan Shyam as Veerapathiran
* [[Anand Babu]] as Kasinathan
* Rhema Ashok as Akila
* Sujatha Panju / [[Priya (actress)|Priya]] as Kamatchi
* Nisha as Selvi
* Meenakshi Muruga as Lakshmi
* Tom Frank as Kotti
* Navya Suji as Gunavathi
* Gemini Mani as Manohar
* Jeganathan as Devarajan
* Muthulakshmi / Kiruba as Malathi
* Dev Anand as Anand
* Jairam as Kesavan

===Special appearance===
* Swetha
* [[Sharanya Turadi Sundarraj]]
* [[Venkat Renganathan]]

== Production ==
=== Development ===
The show was produced by Pradeep Narayanan under Nexon Studios. The series was director by ''[[Nee Naan Kaadhal]]'' fame Rajan Sundaram.

=== Casting ===
After ''Muthazhagu'', Shobanaa Uthaman<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/shobanaa-uthaman-to-play-the-titular-role-in-upcoming-show-poongatru-thirumbuma/articleshow/119903727.cms|title=Shobanaa Uthaman to play the titular role in upcoming show 'Poongatru Thirumbuma'|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=2 April 2025|language=en}}</ref> made a comeback through this series as "Anandhi",<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://tamil.indianexpress.com/entertainment/muthazahgu-serial-heroine-shobana-committed-in-new-serial-in-vijay-tv-8415624|title=பூங்காற்று திரும்பியது... விஜய் டிவியில் புதிய தொடரில் நடிக்கும் முத்தழகு சீரியல் ஷோபனா|website=tamil.indianexpress.com|date=10 December 2024|language=ta}}</ref> whilst Sameer Ahamathu was cast in the male lead role of Kumaran after his notable performances in ''Modhalum Kaadhalum''.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=https://www.dinamani.com/latest-news/sub-latest-news/2024/Dec/18/sameer-new-serial|title=பூங்காற்று திரும்புமா... மோதலும் காதலும் சீரியல் நாயகனின் புதிய தொடர்!|website=[[Dinamani]]|date=18 December 2024|language=ta}}</ref> Malayalam Television actor Eshan Shyam made his Tamil debut as Veerapathiran. The series also reunited Shobanaa Uthaman and [[Anand Babu]], who previously starred together one years before on ''Muthazhagu''.

== Broadcast history ==
It began airing on [[Star Vijay]] on 28 April 2025 from Monday to Saturday at 18:30 ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]), replacing ''[[Mahanadhi (TV series)|Mahanadhi]]''. Starting on 6 October 2025, it shifted to the evening slot at 18:00 replacing ''[[Aaha Kalyanam (TV series)|Aaha Kalyanam]]'' ([[Indian Standard Time|IST]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tamil.abplive.com/entertainment/television/ramayanam-new-serial-telecasting-may-13-in-suntv-anandha-ragam-serial-timing-changed-181977|title=சன் டிவியில் மீண்டும் ஒளிபரப்பாகும் "இராமாயணம்" .. முக்கிய சீரியலின் நேரம் மாற்றம்!|date=7 May 2024 |publisher=tamil.abplive.com|access-date=|language=en}}</ref> It shifted to at 15:00.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|38116925}}

{{STAR Vijay TV shows}}

[[Category:Star Vijay original programming]]
[[Category:Tamil-language melodrama television series]]
[[Category:2025 Tamil-language television series debuts]]
[[Category:Tamil-language television shows]]
[[Category:Television shows set in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Violence against women in India]]
[[Category:2026 Tamil-language television series endings]]

Whisky Is Risky

2026-01-09T04:11:27Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made the info basic info

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Whisky Is Risky
| image =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Dhaval Patel<ref>{{cite news |url= http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=QU1JUi8yMDE0LzAzLzEyI0FyMDA4MDA%3D |title= Dhaval Patel, talks to Mirror about his ready-forrelease debut film, 'Whisky is Risky' |newspaper= [[Times of India]] |access-date= 16 March 2014 |date= 12 March 2014 |archive-date= 2 May 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140502001203/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Repository/ml.asp?Ref=QU1JUi8yMDE0LzAzLzEyI0FyMDA4MDA= |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| producer = Rameshbhai Patel
| writer = Dhaval Patel
| starring = Nirmit Vaishnav Raju Barot Rakesh Poojara Shalaka Shiroya Kshitisha Soni
| music = Samir - Mana
| cinematography = Amol Gole
| editing = Ashwin Ramnathan
| studio = White Ink Pictures Pvt. Ltd.
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2014|4|04}}
| runtime = 95 minutes
| country = India
| language = Urban, Gujarati
| budget = {{INRConvert|10|m}}
| gross =
}}

'''''Whisky Is Risky'''''<ref name="Central Board of Film Certification">{{cite web|author=CBFE|url=http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=GUJARATI&va=Whisky%20is%20Risky&Type=search|title=Central Board of Film Certification (CBFE) India|date=8 Jan 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502002320/http://cbfcindia.gov.in/html/uniquepage.aspx?lang=GUJARATI&va=Whisky%20is%20Risky&Type=search|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Whiskey Is Risky">{{cite web|author=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/33231843.cms|title=Whiskey Is Risky|date=4 Apr 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407222717/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/movie-review/33231843.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gujarati film music gets a rocking makeover">{{cite web|author=Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/Gujarati-film-music-gets-a-rocking-makeover/articleshow/32909626.cms|title=Gujarati film music gets a rocking makeover|date=30 Mar 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=7 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407104040/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/gujarati/movies/Gujarati-film-music-gets-a-rocking-makeover/articleshow/32909626.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> ({{langx|gu|વ્હિસ્કી ઇઝ રિસ્કી }}) (previously titled 'Tiraad'<ref name="Tiraad">{{cite web|author=DNA|url=http://dnasyndication.com/dna/dna_english_news_and_features/125-films-and-still-counting.../DNAHM64255|title=Tiraad - Movie|publisher=DNA|date=24 Jun 2013|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=4 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304080855/http://dnasyndication.com/dna/dna_english_news_and_features/125-films-and-still-counting.../DNAHM64255|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="DNA INDIA">{{cite web|author=DNA|url=http://epaper.dnaindia.com/story.aspx?edorsup=Sup&wintype=popup&queryed=1310009&querypage=1&boxid=30728&id=25298&eddate=2013-5-24&ed_date=2013-5-24&ed_code=1310009 |title=125 films and still counting for Music Director Samir Raval |publisher=DNA|date=24 Jun 2013}}</ref>) is a 2014 Gujarati [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] directed by Dhaval Patel and produced by Rameshbhai Patel. This film features Nirmit Vaishnav, Raju Barot,<ref name="Raju Barot">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1246284/|title=Raju Barot|publisher=IMDB Profile|access-date=30 June 2018|archive-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217142906/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1246284/|url-status=live}}</ref> Rakesh Poojara, Shalaka Shiroya, Kshitisha Soni, Tejal Panchasara<ref name="Tejal Panchasara">{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5015147/|title=Tejal Panchasara|publisher=IMDB Profile|access-date=30 June 2018|archive-date=26 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926025046/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5015147/|url-status=live}}</ref> in lead roles. The film is on a classic modern tale that depicts the life of six individuals who live largely different lives. But a single incident crossed their lives to each other in way they never even thought of.

==Plot==
Arjun Chaturvedi, a corrupt police officer is facing imprisonment on charges for a crime he actually never committed. His rivals, a powerful state minister, Vijendra and liquor mafia, Vishnu, trick him into an inescapable situation. The court is yet to decide Arjun's end. If he survives the case, he will be a dangerous threat to all his rivals. But his enemies who are well aware of Arjun's brutal rage, plan his death within the jail premises, but fail to kill him. Arjun goes into coma for a long period of time, wherein he recollects his entire past trying to untangle the mess he had created because of his desire.

The day, he picked up the college group and accused Jaysingh Rana, student to be a bootlegger. He misbehaves with Jia, a college student and loots her rich father, Hardeep Singh for holding an alcohol party at home. Arjun recollects the night when he was mocked at by the minister in front of everybody. He knew none of them have been clean players. He understood how the air of authority controls each and every being. He was betrayed by the people he had now served for a long time. He was left alone. Till now he was blinded by the money and the power if his uniform. He had nothing much to go back to; he was passing through a rough phase in his marriage too. The night he loses his control and shouts at his wife Shruti, is his anniversary that, he had completely forgotten. His heart broken, and on [[The Verge|the verge]] of killing himself but there too he stood alone, defeated at the hands of courage. Finally when he decides to get up and apologise for his mistakes, destiny takes a vicious turn. The traumatizing day he felt his heart melt, the sight of hundreds of people ailing and crying around him slapped him hard. He was thrown into reality for the first time away from the cloud of materialism. He stood there shaken to his soul.

The people accused him for a tragedy of which he never knew about. A great trap swung on him, leaving him helpless. The bribes, the uncouth politician and the smart liquor mafia, all came back to him like a flash. He solves the mystifying puzzle, one by one, that had led him to this hospital bed. Now he knew exactly, how the game was flipped to trap him. Before the manipulative and deceitful politics could trap him again and kill him, Arjun wakes up from coma; this time more powerful and focused about his desire.

==Soundtrack==
The soundtrack of Whisky Is Risky is composed by Samir Raval, Mana Raval, whilst the lyrics have been penned by Jigar Dave, Dipak Anand. The album features [[Parthiv Gohil]], Aman Trikha, Shivang Dave, Darshan Raval, Jigardan Gadhvi, and Rucha Raval behind the mic.

{{Infobox album
| name = Whisky Is Risky
| type = [[Soundtrack]]
| artist =
| cover =
| alt =
| released = {{Start date|df=y|2014|3|01}}
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre =
| length = 21:56
| label =
| producer =
| prev_title =
| prev_year =
| next_title =
| next_year =
}}

===Track listing===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Track No || Song || Singer(s)|| Composer || Lyrics
|-
| 1 || Whisky Is Risky || Shivang Dave || Samir - Mana || Jigar Dave Deepak Anand
|-
| 2 || Meghdhanush Na Saat Chhe Rango || [[Aman Trikha]] || Samir - Mana || Deepak Anand
|-
| 3 || It's Time to Party || [[Darshan Raval]], [[Jigardan Gadhavi]], Rucha Raval || Samir - Mana || Jigar Dave
|-
| 4 || Ek Vaat Emaj Amasti || [[Parthiv Gohil]] || Samir - Mana || Jigar Dave
|}

==Cast==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Number !! Cast !! Role
|-
| 1 || ''Nirmit Vaishnav'' || Arjun Chaturvedi
|-
| 2 || ''Raju Barot'' || Vijendra Barot
|-
| 3 || ''Shalaka Shiroya'' || Jiya Kaur
|-
| 4 || ''Kshitisha Soni'' || Shruti Chaturvedi
|-
| 5 || ''Tejal Panchasara'' || Ashok’s Wife
|-
| 6 || ''Rakesh Poojara'' || Vishnu Desai
|-
| 7 || ''Bhargav Joshi'' || Builder
|-
| 8 || ''Hardik Shah'' || Rana
|-
| 9 || ''Nisarg Trivedi'' || Hardeepsingh Kaur
|-
| 10 || ''Anpurna Shukla'' || Rana's Mother
|-
| 11 || ''Jigar Bundela'' || Ashok
|}

==Production==
Producer Rameshbhai Patel announced the film in 2014. The movie production started with the recording of the songs in May 2013.<ref name="DNA INDIA"/>

==Release==
The film was released on 4 April 2014<ref name="Online PR News">{{cite web|author=OnlinePRNews|url=http://www.onlineprnews.com/news/468560-1394561029-white-ink-pictures-sets-release-date-for-whisky-is-risky.html|title=White Ink Pictures sets release date for "Whisky is Risky"|date=12 Mar 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032800/http://www.onlineprnews.com/news/468560-1394561029-white-ink-pictures-sets-release-date-for-whisky-is-risky.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NRI Gujarati">{{cite web|author=NRI Gujarati|url=http://www.nrigujarati.co.in/Topic/1473/1/whisky-is-risky-2014-gujarati-film-release-date-cast-crew-details.html|title="Whisky is Risky" Film Release Date|date=12 Mar 2014|access-date=30 April 2014|archive-date=2 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502032659/http://www.nrigujarati.co.in/Topic/1473/1/whisky-is-risky-2014-gujarati-film-release-date-cast-crew-details.html|url-status=live}}</ref> in major cities across the [[Gujarat]], [[India]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|3555038|Whisky Is Risky}}

[[Category:2010s Gujarati-language films]]
[[Category:2014 drama films]]
[[Category:2014 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]

Malto people

2025-12-16T13:11:07Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Malto
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image =
| pop =
| total_ref =
| total_year =
| popplace = India
| region2 =
| pop2 =
| languages = [[Malto language|Malto]]{{*}} [[Mal Paharia language|Mal Paharia]]{{*}} Regional languages
| religions = [[Hinduism]]<ref>"Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 2 November 2017.</ref>
| related = [[Kurukh people|Kurukh]]{{*}} [[Kisan people|Kisan]]{{*}} [[Mal Paharia people|Mal Paharia]]
}}
The '''Malto''' or '''Maler people''', also known as '''Pahariya''', are a [[Dravidian peoples|Dravidian]] tribal group from the [[Rajmahal hills|Rajmahal Hills]] in the northeastern [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. They are divided into three subgroups: [[Mal Paharia people|Mal Paharia]], [[Sauria Paharia people|Sauria Paharia]] and [[Kumarbhag Paharia people|Kumarbhag Paharia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dictionary.die.net/malto |url-status=dead |title=Definition: malto |website=Dictionary.die.net |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120709104200/http://dictionary.die.net/malto |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=6 August 2008}}</ref> All three are listed as Scheduled Tribes in [[Jharkhand]], [[Bihar]] and [[West Bengal]]. They speak [[Malto language|Malto]], related to the nearby [[Kurukh language]], and [[Mal Paharia language|Mal Paharia]], variously classified as an [[Indo-Aryan language]] belonging to the [[Bengali-Assamese language|Bengali-Assamese]] branch.

When the British first encountered them they were nomadic. They practised ''jhum'' cultivation, as well as hunting and gathering, and would often also raid the plains of Bihar to the north or Bengal to the east, and would then retreat back into the forest. If there was a crop failure, death or other disaster, they would move to a new spot. Due to the remoteness of their territory they were never conquered by any of the many empires that claimed to rule the region. When the British induced Santals to cultivate the Rajmahal Hills, the Maltos fought back, but were eventually driven out.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Crooke, William, 1848-1923.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/805760|title=Races of northern India|date=1973|publisher=Cosmo Publications|isbn=0-336-00404-4|oclc=805760}}</ref>

The Mal Paharia and Kumarbhag Paharia subgroups combined have a population of 182,560, while the Sauria Paharia subgroup has a population of 51,634, making the total Malto population 234,194.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|access-date=3 November 2017 |website=www.censusindia.gov.in|publisher=Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India}}</ref>

Today they still practice ''jhum'' cultivation, called ''kurwa'' in their language, and collect minor forest produce. They are plagued by many problems, including high levels of poverty and extreme malnutrition. For this reason they are classified as a [[Particularly vulnerable tribal group|Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group]]. However some are now settled cultivators.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Ghosh|first=Anita|title=Souria Paharia are now in Transition: Beliefs, Rituals and Practices|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315549268|journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> They fish in summer, and many now work as daily wage labourers. A few have government jobs.

Among the Sauria Paharia, their traditional marriage ceremony is known as ''bedi'', that takes place in a house. Their society has no restrictions on premarital sexual relations, and children not born out of a marriage can still live with the mother. Another type of common marriage is marriage by capture.<ref name=":0" />

The Malto practice animism and revere a court of spirits known as ''Gosain''. The main Malto god is ''Dharmer Gosain'', a sun god, while their priests are known as ''demano''.<ref name=":1" />

The men wear a small loincloth, known as ''bhagwan'', while the women wear two garments: ''panchi'', an upper garment, usually an unstitched cloth, and ''pardhan'', a cloth around the waist.<ref name=":0" />

==Etymology==
{{Empty section|date=December 2025}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Dravidian peoples]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Adivasi]]

{{Asia-ethno-group-stub}}

N. D. Tiwari

2025-11-30T09:35:25Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{Short description|Indian politician (1925–2018)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = Narayan Datt Tiwari
| image = Shri Narayan Dutt Tiwari.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|10|18|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nainital district|Baluti]], [[United Provinces of British India|United Provinces]], [[British Raj|British India]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|10|18|1925|10|18|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| constituency =
| office = 19th [[List of governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]
| term_start = 22 August 2007
| term_end = 27 December 2009
| predecessor = [[Rameshwar Thakur]]
| successor = [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]]
| order1 = 3rd
| office1 = Chief Minister of Uttaranchal
| term_start1 = 2 March 2002
| term_end1 = 7 March 2007
| predecessor1 = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| successor1 = [[B. C. Khanduri]]
| office2 = 18th [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]
| term_start2 = 25 July 1987
| term_end2 = 25 June 1988
| primeminister2 = [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
| predecessor2 = Rajiv Gandhi
| successor2 = [[Shankarrao Chavan]]
| office3 = 15th [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]]
| term_start3 = 22 October 1986
| term_end3 = 25 July 1987
| primeminister3 = Rajiv Gandhi
| predecessor3 = [[P. Shiv Shankar]]
| successor3 = Rajiv Gandhi
| order4 = 9th
| office4 = Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
| term_start4 = 25 June 1988
| term_end4 = 5 December 1989
| predecessor4 = [[Vir Bahadur Singh]]
| successor4 = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| term_start5 = 3 August 1984
| term_end5 = 24 September 1985
| predecessor5 = [[Sripati Mishra]]
| successor5 = [[Vir Bahadur Singh]]
| term_start6 = 21 January 1976
| term_end6 = 30 April 1977
| predecessor6 = [[Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna]]
| successor6 = [[Ram Naresh Singh]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] (2017-2018)
| otherparty = [[Indian National Congress]] (1963-1996 and 1998-2017) [[Praja Socialist Party]] (till 1963) [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]] (1996–1998)
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Sushila Tiwari|1953|1991|end=died}}
* {{marriage|Ujjwala Tiwari|14 May 2013}}
}}
| children = 1
| alma_mater = [[Allahabad University]] ([[Master of Arts|M. A.]] in [[Political Science]], [[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
}}
'''Narayan Datt Tiwari''' (18 October 1925 – 18 October 2018) was an Indian politician who served as the 9th [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] and 3rd [[Chief Minister of Uttaranchal]] (later Uttarakhand) from 2002 to 2007. He was the first Indian Chief Minister who served for two states. He was a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]], a former member of the [[Praja Socialist Party]] and the [[Indian National Congress]]. He joined the [[Bhartiya Janata Party]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=Veteran Congress leader ND Tiwari joins BJP |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/veteran-congress-leader-nd-tiwari-joins-bjp/articleshow/56643111.cms |work=The Economic Times |agency=PTI |date=18 January 2017 |access-date=September 25, 2024}}</ref>

He was a three-time [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] (1976–77, 1984–85, 1988–89) and to date remains the last Congress CM of Uttar Pradesh. He also served once as [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]] (2002–2007).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nd-tiwari-passes-away-only-indian-to-serve-as-cm-of-two-states-breathes-his-last-on-93rd-birthday/1353516/|title=ND Tiwari passes away: Only Indian to serve as CM of two states breathes his last on 93rd birthday|date=18 October 2018|website=The Financial Express|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/former-up-and-uttarakhand-cm-n-d-tiwari-passes-away-aged-93-5407698/|title=N D Tiwari, only politician to have served as CM of two states, passes away aged 93|date=18 October 2018|website=The Indian Express|language=en-IN|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/nd-tiwari-dead-death-dies-only-politician-to-have-served-as-chief-minister-of-two-states-passed-away-on-his-birthday/301155|title=ND Tiwari only politician to have served as Chief Minister of two states, passes away on his birthday |work=Times Now |date=18 October 2018 |access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref> Between 1986 and 1988, he served in [[Prime Minister]] [[Rajiv Gandhi]]'s cabinet, first as [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister for External Affairs]] and then as [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance]]. He served as [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] from 2007 until 2009, when he resigned due to health and personal reasons.

==Early life and education==
Narayan Datt Tiwari was born to a [[Kumaoni people|Kumaoni]] [[Brahmin]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress veteran, four-time Chief Minister, controversial Governor and reluctant father |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/congress-veteran-fourtime-chief-minister-controversial-governor-and-reluctant-father/article9488085.ece |work=Business Line |date=18 January 2017 |access-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230511183418/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/national/congress-veteran-fourtime-chief-minister-controversial-governor-and-reluctant-father/article9488085.ece |archive-date=11 May 2023}}</ref> family in 1925, in the village of Baluti located in [[Nainital district]] of [[Uttarakhand]] state.<ref name=bio/> His father Poornanand Tiwari was an officer in the forest department, and who later resigned and joined the [[Non-cooperation movement (1909–22)|Non-cooperation movement]].<ref>Umachand Handa. ''History of Uttaranchal''. Indus Publishing, p. 210. 2002. {{ISBN|81-7387-134-5}}.</ref><ref name=bio>[http://profiles.incredible-people.com/narayan-datt-tiwari/ Narayan Datt Tiwari]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} profiles.incredible-people.com.</ref> Tiwari received his education at various schools including, M.B. School, [[Haldwani]], E.M. High School, [[Bareilly]] and C.R.S.T. High School, [[Nainital]].<ref name=ap>[http://governor.ap.nic.in/governor/tiwari.html Biographical Sketch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619083911/http://governor.ap.nic.in/governor/tiwari.html |date=19 June 2009 }} [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]], website.</ref>

His initiation into politics came early, when during the [[Indian Independence movement]], he was arrested on 14 December 1942 for writing Anti-British leaflets opposing imperialist policies, and sent to Nainital jail, where his father was already
lodged.<ref>''Uttar Pradesh District Gazetteers'', p. 64. [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]. 1959.</ref> Upon his release after 15 months in 1944, he enrolled at [[Allahabad University]], where he topped the university in M.A. ([[Political Science]]); he continued his education with an [[LLB]] from the same university, and was elected as the President of the Students' Union of the Allahabad University in 1947.<ref name=ap/><ref name=bio/> Meanwhile, he remained Secretary of the [[All India Student Congress]] from 1947 to 1949.<ref name=ap/><ref>[http://www.thepresident.in/GovDet-10/NARAYAN-DATT-TIWARI.html?gid=37 Narayan Datt Tiwari Biography]{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. [[President of India]] website.</ref>

==Career==

===Early career===
In the first election in Uttar Pradesh after the independence for the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] held in 1952, he was elected from [[Nanital]] constituency and became an MLA for the first time on [[Praja Socialist Party]] ticket.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/n-d-tiwari-achievements-controversies-marked-his-long-run-in-politics/articleshow/66276013.cms|title=N D Tiwari: Achievements, controversies marked his long run in politics|work=The Economic Times|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> In 1957, he was elected from the Nainital legislative constituency, and became the leader of Opposition in the Assembly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/veteran-politician-n-d-tiwari-dies-on-93rd-birthday-achievements-controversies-marked-his-long-run-in-politics-5408358/|title=Veteran politician N D Tiwari dies on 93rd birthday: Achievements, controversies marked his long run in politics|work=The Indian Express|date=19 October 2018|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>

In 1963, he joined the [[Indian National Congress]], and was elected [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) from the [[Kashipur, Uttarakhand|Kashipur]] constituency in 1965 and was subsequently appointed a minister in the [[Government of Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/nd-tiwari-dead-death-dies-only-politician-to-have-served-as-chief-minister-of-two-states-passed-away-on-his-birthday/301155|title=ND Tiwari only politician to have served as Chief Minister of two states, passes away on his birthday|date=18 October 2018 |publisher=Times Now News|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> After that he also remained Minister for Finance and [[Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (India)|Parliamentary Affairs]] in the [[Chaudhary Charan Singh]] Government (1979–1980).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nd-tiwari-politician-of-many-hues-dies-on-his-93rd-birthday-1370629-2018-10-18|title=ND Tiwari, politician of many hues, dies on his 93rd birthday|date=18 October 2018 |publisher=India Today|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> In 1968, he established Jawaharlal Nehru National Youth Centre (JNNYC), a voluntary organisation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jnnyc-haridwar.org/our_founder.html|title=Our Founder|publisher=JNNYC Haridwar|access-date=19 October 2018|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307222312/http://jnnyc-haridwar.org/our_founder.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> He remained the first President of [[Indian Youth Congress]] from 1969 to 1971.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theprint.in/politics/n-d-tiwari-was-the-only-politician-to-rule-two-states-but-his-personal-life-eclipsed-that/136878/|title=N.D. Tiwari was the only politician to rule two states, but his personal life eclipsed that|date=18 October 2018|publisher=The Print|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>

===Later positions===
Tiwari was the chief minister of Uttar Pradesh thrice: from January 1976 to April 1977, from August 1984 to September 1985 and from June 1988 to December 1988.<ref name=bio/> He was elected to the [[7th Lok Sabha]] in 1980, and served as a union minister in several portfolios in the 1980s: starting with Planning, and also remained Deputy Chairman of [[Planning Commission (India)|Planning Commission]].<ref name=members>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/members/ArchiveMemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=488&lastls=13|title=Members: Lok Sabha|publisher=Archive Members Lok Sabha|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> Thereafter he became a member of [[Rajya Sabha]] 1985–1988, during this period he also remained the Minister of [[Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises|Industries]] in September 1985 and in addition to that portfolio, became minister of [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (India)|Petroleum]] in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/videos/national/former-uttarakhand-cm-nd-tiwari-passes-away/|title=Former UP, Uttarakhand CM ND Tiwari passes away|publisher=ANI News|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> He then served as India's [[External Affairs Minister]] from October 1986 until July 1987, at which point he became [[Minister of Finance (India)|Minister of Finance and Commerce]].<ref name=ap/><ref>[http://www.garhwalhimalayas.com/whoswho/ndtiwari.html Biography at garhwalhimalayas.com].</ref> He served in that position until June 1988, when he became chief minister of Uttar Pradesh for the third time.<ref name=ap/>

He was an unsuccessful contender to be [[Prime Minister of India]] in the early 1990s but was pipped to the post by [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crossette |first1=Barbara |title=Congress Party Jostles to Fill Void Left by Gandhi's Assassination |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/26/world/congress-party-jostles-to-fill-void-left-by-gandhi-s-assassination.html |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=26 May 1991}}</ref> In 1994, he resigned from Congress and formed his own [[All India Indira Congress (Tiwari)]] along with senior Congress leader, [[Arjun Singh (politician, born 1930)|Arjun Singh]] in 1995.<ref name=scandal>{{cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/tiwaris-career-from-cm-pm-candidate-to-shame-331182.html|title=Tiwari's career: from CM, PM candidate to shame|date=26 December 2009|publisher=News18|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref> He joined back when Sonia Gandhi came at the helm of affairs of the party two years later, and after a devastating defeat of the party under Narasimha Rao during the [[1996 Indian general election|general elections in 1996]].<ref name=scandal/> Tiwari was elected to the [[11th Lok Sabha]] in 1996, and again to the [[13th Lok Sabha]] in 1999.<ref name=members/>

He later served as the [[Chief Minister of Uttarakhand]], which was carved out of Uttar Pradesh, from 2002 through 2007.<ref name=dies>{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Kautilya |title=ND Tiwari death: Former UP, Uttarakhand CM ND Tiwari passes away at Delhi hospital |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/former-up-uttarakhand-cm-nd-tiwari-passes-away-at-delhi-hospital/articleshow/66273894.cms |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=19 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He resigned on 5 March 2006, citing his age and left office in March 2007 following setbacks from his party in the state elections.<ref name=dies/>

Narayan Datt Tiwari was appointed as the [[Governor of Andhra Pradesh]] on 19 August 2007 and was sworn in on 22 August 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/403200708221531.htm |title=Tiwari sworn in as Andhra Governor |publisher=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 August 2007 |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> Following a controversy over his involvement in a [[sex scandal]], he resigned as the governor on 27 December 2009, citing "health grounds";<ref>{{cite news|author=S. Nagesh Kumar|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/27/stories/2009122757990100.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229133602/http://www.hindu.com/2009/12/27/stories/2009122757990100.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 December 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Tiwari quits in the wake of TV exposé|date=27 December 2009 |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> subsequently he relocated to [[Dehradun]], Uttarakhand.<ref name=ndtv/>

=== Support to the BJP ===
A lifelong Congressman,<ref>{{cite news |title=Top BJP leaders pay homage to ND Tiwari in UP, Congress says appropriating legacy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/top-bjp-leaders-pay-homage-to-nd-tiwari-in-up-congress-says-appropriating-legacy/story-C8EQjg1f7VNV09x3WiAz3O.html |access-date=24 March 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |date=21 October 2018 |language=en}}</ref> Tiwari along with his son Rohit Shekhar (advocate and former advisor, Government of Uttar Pradesh) and his wife Ujjwala, joined the BJP and gave his support to [[Narendra Modi]] and the BJP for the assembly elections held in the states of Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh in presence of BJP President [[Amit Shah]] in the name of development.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Yogesh |title=State government showing disrespect to ND Tiwari, says son |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/dehradun/state-govt-showing-disrespect-to-nd-tiwari-says-son/articleshow/55986166.cms |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=The Times of India |date=15 December 2016 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Shukla |first1=Shuchi |title=Narayan Dutt Tiwari, 91, Is The BJP's Latest Import From Congress; Package Deal Includes Son Rohit Shekhar |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/narayan-dutt-tiwari-91-is-the-bjps-latest-import-from-congress-package-deal-includes-son-1650028 |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=NDTV.com |date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

==Personal life==
In 1953, he married Sushila (née Sanwal), who died in 1991.<ref>{{cite news |title=End of the road for Tiwari |url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20091226/1413071.html |access-date=7 March 2021 |work=news.webindia123.com |date=26 December 2009 |archive-date=24 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224145938/https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/India/20091226/1413071.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=On Tiwari's turf |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/on-tiwaris-turf/570942/0 |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=The Indian Express |date=24 January 2010 |quote=But charges of misgovernance and of people having free access to him continue to dog him. Sources close to him say some of his aides exploited the vacuum in his domestic setup—his wife Sushila, a doctor in Lucknow, died over 10 years ago.}}</ref>

On 14 May 2013, he married Ujjwala Tiwari (née Singh), his longtime girlfriend and mother of his biological son Rohit Shekhar, at the age of 88.<ref>{{cite web|title=Former UP CM, ND Tiwari marries Ujjwala tiwari at 88|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/05/former-up-cm-nd-tiwari-marries-ujjwala-tiwari-at-88/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=15 May 2014}}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Tiwari died on his 93rd birthday on 18 October 2018 in [[New Delhi]] from [[multiple organ failure]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Former Uttarakhand Chief Minister, N.D. Tiwari, Dies at 93 in Delhi |url=https://headlinestoday.org/national/3821/former-uttarakhand-chief-minister-n-d-tiwari-dies-at-93-in-delhi/ |access-date=20 October 2018 |agency=Headlines Today |date=18 October 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was hospitalised for a long time.

His son Rohit Shekhar died at the age of 40 after being strangled by his wife in April 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=She will destroy me: Months before murder, Rohit Shekhar Tiwari claimed wife Apoorva may kill him |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rohit-shekhar-tiwari-murder-apoorva-wife-chargesheet-delhi-police-1571142-2019-07-19 |access-date=2 June 2023 |work=India Today |date=19 July 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

==Controversies==

===Sex scandal===
Tiwari was involved in a sex scandal which depicted Tiwari in bed with three women at his official residence in the [[Raj Bhavan, Hyderabad|Raj Bhavan]].<ref name=dna-govsex>{{cite news|publisher=[[DNA (newspaper)|DNA India]]|author=K.V. Ramana|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_86-yr-old-andhra-governor-targeted-in-sleaze-cds_1327605|title=86-yr-old Andhra governor targeted in sleaze CDs|date=26 December 2009|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> A police complaint was filed against Tiwari for "sexually abusing girls, blackmail and misuse of office" and the Raj Bhavan staff were interrogated by police about details related to the scandal, alleged to be the result of the fallout of a mining deal.<ref name=telegraph-misuse>{{cite news|work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|author=G.S. Radhakrishna|url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091228/jsp/nation/story_11915491.jsp|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130203211905/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1091228/jsp/nation/story_11915491.jsp|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 February 2013|title=Misuse case against Tiwari|date=27 December 2009|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> Tiwari publicly apologised, but claimed that he was being "[[frameup|framed]]" by "a [[political conspiracy]]".<ref>{{cite news|work=The Times of India|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/N-D-Tiwari-on-sex-tapes-I-apologise-but-Ive-done-no-wrong/articleshow/5389005.cms|title=N D Tiwari on 'sex tapes': I apologise, but I've done no wrong|date=28 December 2009|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> On 27 December 2009, [[E. S. L. Narasimhan]] was appointed to discharge the duties of governor for the region until regular arrangements for the office were made.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Sex-sting-fallout-Chhattisgarh-governor-gets-additional-charge-of-Andhra/articleshow/5384357.cms|title=Sex sting fallout: Chhattisgarh governor gets additional charge of Andhra|date=27 December 2009|access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>

===Paternity suit===
In 2008, Rohit Shekhar filed a [[paternity suit]] claiming that Tiwari was his [[biological father]].<ref name=ndtv/> After long legal processes, the court ordered that DNA mapping of Tiwari be done. After further legal filibustering from his side, the court finally compelled compliance on 29 May 2011.<ref name=ndtv>{{cite news| url= http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/nd-tiwari-s-dna-test-reports-to-be-opened-in-court-today-248123?pfrom=home-otherstories|title= ND Tiwari's DNA test reports to be opened in court today at 0230 pm| date= 27 July 2012 |work=NDTV |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref> On 27 July 2011, the [[Delhi High Court]], citing a need to end the controversy, rejected a request from Tiwari's lawyers to keep his paternity test result a secret.<ref name=ndtv/>

The DNA test results, released by the court on 27 July 2011, established that Tiwari was indeed the biological father of Rohit Shekhar Tiwari, and also that Ujjwala Singh Sharma was his biological mother.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/267384/dna-test-nd-tiwari-rohit.html |title=DNA test out, N.D. Tiwari is Rohit Shekhar Tiwari's father | date= 27 July 2012 | access-date = 27 July 2012 | work = Deccan Herald}}</ref> Tiwari urged the media to respect his privacy, saying "I have every right to live my life my way. No one has the right to look into my private life. Please respect my privacy."<ref>{{cite news| url=http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/dna-test-confirms-nd-tiwari-as-rohit-shekhars-biological-father_789987.html| title = DNA test confirms ND Tiwari as Rohit Shekhar Tiwari's biological father| date= 27 July 2012 | access-date = 27 July 2012 | publisher = Zee News }}</ref> On 3 March 2013, he said "I have accepted that Rohit Shekhar is my son. The DNA test also proved he is my biological son," he told ''[[NDTV]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/i-accept-that-he-is-my-son-nd-tiwari-on-rohit-shekhar-who-took-him-to-court-in-paternity-battle-552571|title=I accept that he is my son: ND Tiwari on Rohit Shekhar, who took him to court in paternity battle|website=NDTV.com|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ND Tiwari accepts Rohit Shekhar as son|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/rohit-shekhar-is-my-son-nd-tiwari-183449-2014-03-03}}</ref>

===Second marriage===
On 14 May 2013, two years after the paternity test, Tiwari married Rohit Shekhar's mother, Ujjwala Singh Sharma, in a ceremony in [[Lucknow]] which had some religious elements, but was mainly a registered marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nd-tiwari-marriage-ujjwala-sharma-son-rohit-shekhar-paternity-suit-193003-2014-05-15|title=N.D. Tiwari marries Ujjwala Tiwari, Mother of Rohit Shekhar of Paternity Suit|date=15 May 2014 |publisher=India Today|access-date=19 October 2018}}</ref>

Born in 1953 into a family belonging to Haryana, Ujjwala was thirty years younger than Tiwari. Her father, Prof. Sher Singh, a prominent politician, served as India's Union Minister for Education and for Defense Production from 1967 to 1980, serving successively under [[Indira Gandhi]] and [[Morarji Desai]]. Ujjwala's mother, Prabhat Shobha Pandit, was a homemaker. The family lived in a large government bungalow (No.3, Krishna Menon Marg), where N.D. Tiwari was a frequent visitor. In 1970, at the age of 17, Ujjwala was married to Bipin Sharma and they became the parents of a son, Siddharth Sharma. According to reports, Ujjwala and her husband separated shortly after Siddharth's birth, but they did not obtain a divorce until 2006. Ujjwala and Tiwari had met for the first time in 1968, before her wedding, but their affair took off around 1977, and Rohit Shekhar was born in the late 1970s. Tiwari's marriage had remained childless and his wife, Sushila Tiwari, died of cancer in 1991 after over 40 years of marriage. After her death, Ujjwala reportedly tried to claim her place, but was rebuffed by Tiwari; an incident happened in 1995 when Ujjwala and Rohit tried to enter Tiwari's official residence to meet him, but were stopped and pushed back by his security guards, after which they sat in protest outside his house, to no avail. Tiwari had totally distanced himself from Ujjwala by this time; the scandal of marrying the divorced mother of two would ruin his career, which was at its zenith in the period 1991–96, under [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]]. Tiwari had had little or no contact with either Ujjwala or Rohit for more than a decade before Rohit Shekhar began his campaign to establish his paternity. He began this campaign in 2007–08, very shortly after the divorce of Ujjwala and Bipin Sharma in 2006. It culminated in the wedding of 88-year-old widower Tiwari and 60-year-old divorcee Ujjwala in May 2013.

On 12 May 2018, in the presence of N.D. Tiwari and Ujjwala Tiwari, their son Rohit Shekhar Tiwari was married to Apoorva Shukla, a lawyer. Rohit and Apoorva had met through a matrimonial website, and had lived together for a few months before getting married. Nevertheless, the marriage proved stormy from the beginning. On 16 April 2019, only 11 months after the wedding, and six months after the death of N.D. Tiwari, Rohit Shekhar was found strangled to death in his bed.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/nd-tiwaris-son-rohit-shekhar-sharma-passes-away-in-new-delhi/1550038/|title=ND Tiwari's son Rohit Shekhar Sharma passes away in New Delhi|date=16 April 2019|website=The Financial Express|access-date=17 April 2019}}</ref> He had allegedly been smothered to death by his wife Apoorva, at a time when he was drunk and unable to resist the attack. According to Delhi Police Statement, the murder was not pre-planned but happened in the heat of the moment. According to his wife's testimony, their relationship was sour from the beginning of their marriage. According to the testimony of Ujjwala and others, Apoorva had married Rohit with an eye on his family property and with the idea that he would become a powerful politician under his father's tutelage. She had found that her dreams were far from reality and she found that Rohit Shekhar has affair and a child with his distant relative’s wife. The trial is ongoing in court, and meanwhile, Apoorva is in jail, having been denied bail several times.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/unhappy-with-marriage-apoorva-smothered-rohit-shekhar-tiwari-delhi-police/articleshow/69023928.cms|title=Apoorva killed her husband|website= The Times of India|date=24 April 2019 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/lok13/biodata/13UP04.htm Biodata of N D Tiwari]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120215090150/http://www.narayandutttiwari.com/index.htm Personal]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=Bharat Bhushan}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Nainital (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital]] |years=1980 – 1984}}
{{s-aft|after=Satyendra Chandra Ghuria}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Balraj Pasi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Nainital (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital]] |years=1996 – 1998}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ila Pant]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Ila Pant]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Nainital (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nainital]] |years=1999 – 2002}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mahendra Singh Pal]]}}
|-
{{s-par|in-upr}}
{{s-bef|before=N/A}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[List of Rajya Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|Uttar Pradesh]] |years=2 December 1985 – 23 October 1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Syed Sibtey Razi]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[President's Rule]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]|years=21 January 1976 – 30 April 1977}}
{{s-aft|after=[[President's Rule]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[D. T. Lakdawala]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission|Deputy Chairman Planning Commission (India)]]|years=9 June 1980 – 8 August 1981}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shankarrao Chavan]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Sripati Mishra]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]|years=3 August 1984 – 24 September 1985}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vir Bahadur Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Veerendra Patil]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Minister of Industry]]|years=25 September 1985 – 22 October 1986}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jalagam Vengala Rao]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Union Minister of External Affairs]]|years=22 October 1986 – 25 July 1987}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Rajiv Gandhi]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Rajiv Gandhi]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Finance (India)|Union Minister of Finance]]|years=25 July 1987 – 25 June 1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Shankarrao Chavan]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[P. Shiv Shankar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)|Union Minister of Commerce]]|years=25 July 1987 – 25 June 1988}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dinesh Singh (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Dinesh Singh]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Vir Bahadur Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]|years=25 June 1988 – 5 December 1989}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Uttaranchal]]|years=2 March 2002 – 7 March 2007}}
{{s-aft|after=[[B. C. Khanduri]]}}
|-
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Rameshwar Thakur]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Governors of Andhra Pradesh|Governor of Andhra Pradesh]]|years=22 August 2007 – 27 December 2009}}
{{s-aft|after=[[E.S.L. Narasimhan]]}}
{{s-end}}{{Governor of Andhra Pradesh}}{{Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Chief Ministers of Uttarakhand}}
{{Finance Ministers of India}}
{{Energy Ministries and Departments of India}}
{{External Affairs Ministers of India}}
{{Ministry of Commerce and Industry (India)}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiwari, Narayan Datt}}
[[Category:1925 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
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Vasudha Dalmia

2025-11-24T05:37:39Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made some entry basic info

{{Short description|Professor of Hindi and Modern South Asian Studies}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Vasudha Dalmia
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| occupation = Emerita professor
| education = {{unbulleted list|[[Miranda House]] (B.A.)|[[University of Cologne]] (M.A)|[[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] (Ph.D)|[[University of Heidelberg]] ([[Habilitation|PD]])}}
| discipline = Hindi and Modern South Asian Studies
| workplaces = {{unbulleted list|[[University of California]]|[[Yale University]]}}
| notable_works = {{unbulleted list|''Representing Hinduism'' (1995)|''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions'' (1997)|''Charisma and Canon'' (2001)|''Hindu Pasts'' (2017)| ''Fiction as History'' (2019)|''Religious Interactions in Modern India'' (2019)}}
}}
'''Vasudha Dalmia''' is an Indian professor emerita of Hindi and Modern South Asian Studies in the Department of South and Southeast Asian Studies at the [[University of California]], Berkeley.<ref name="Berkeley bio">{{cite web |title=Vasudha Dalmia |url=https://southasia.berkeley.edu/vasudha-dalmia |website=southasia.berkeley.edu |publisher=The Institute for South Asia Studies |access-date=23 November 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123172736/https://southasia.berkeley.edu/vasudha-dalmia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Her authored works include ''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth Century Banaras'' (1997), the essay collection ''Hindu Pasts: Women, Religion, History'' (2017), and commentary on Hindi novels in ''Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India'' (2019). Her edited works include ''Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity'' (1995), ''Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent'' (2001), and ''Religious Interactions in Modern India'' (2019).

==Education==
Dalmia completed an English Literature B.A. with Honors at [[Miranda House]] in [[Delhi]], India and an English Literature M.A. at the [[University of Cologne]] in [[Cologne]], Germany.<ref name="CV">{{cite web |title=Vasudha Dalmia (Curriculum Vitae) |url=https://sseas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Dalmia-CV-2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117164106/https://sseas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Dalmia-CV-2022.pdf |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |publisher=University of California, Berkeley: South and Southeast Asian Studies}}</ref> Her Ph.D. in German Literature was completed at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]] in [[South West Delhi (district)|South West Delhi]] in 1984, and her [[Habilitation]] in Modern [[Indology]] and [[Hindi Literature]] was completed at the [[University of Heidelberg]] in 1995.<ref name="CV"/>

==Career==
From 1974 to 1979, Dalmia had teaching assignments at the [[University of Tuebingen]], and she was a research fellow at Jawaharlal University from 1979 to 1984.<ref name="CV"/> She returned to the University of Tuebingen as a lecturer from 1984 until 1997.<ref name="CV"/> In 1998, she joined the faculty at the [[University of California]], Berkeley.<ref name="Hindi at Berkeley">{{cite web |title=Hindi at Berkeley |url=https://southasia.berkeley.edu/hindi |website=southasia.berkeley.edu |publisher=The Institute for South Asia Studies |access-date=23 November 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123163958/https://southasia.berkeley.edu/hindi |url-status=dead }}</ref> While at Berkeley, she developed the Hindi graduate program.<ref name="Hindi at Berkeley"/> From 2001 until her retirement in 2012, she was appointed to the Catherine and William L. Magistretti Distinguished Professorship in South and Southeast Asian Studies.<ref name="CV"/>

During her academic career, she was a professorial fellow in Fall 2010 at the [[Free University of Berlin]] Centre for Interweaving Performance Cultures.<ref name="CV"/><ref name="Berlin">{{cite web |date=10 October 2008 |title=Vasudha Dalmia |url=https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/en/v/interweaving-performance-cultures/fellows/fellows_2010_2011/vasudha_dalmia/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117164401/https://www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de/en/v/interweaving-performance-cultures/fellows/fellows_2010_2011/vasudha_dalmia/index.html |archive-date=17 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |website=www.geisteswissenschaften.fu-berlin.de |language=en}}</ref> She received a Tagore National Fellowship in the Arts from the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] in India for the Fall 2012 through Spring 2013.<ref name="CV"/> From 2013 to 2014, she was the Chandrika and Ranjan Tandon Professor of Hindu Studies at [[Yale University]].<ref name="CV"/> During the course of her academic career, Dalmia has authored, edited, and translated a range of works within her academic disciplines.<ref name="CV"/>

===''Representing Hinduism''===
Dalmia co-edited with [[Heinrich von Stietencron]] and contributed the essay "Practical Vedanta" to ''Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity'', a collection of essays published in 1995 by [[Sage Publications]] that followed a 1990 interdisciplinary symposium on Hindu self-perception at the [[University of Tubingen]] in Germany.<ref name="Mahmood 1997">{{cite journal |last1=Mahmood |first1=Cynthia Keppley |title=Review of Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity |journal=[[Journal of Church and State]] |date=1997 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=350–351 |doi=10.1093/jcs/39.2.350 |jstor=23919889 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23919889 |issn=0021-969X}}</ref><ref name="Pauwels 2002">{{cite journal |last1=Pauwels |first1=Heidi |title=Review of Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious and National Identity |journal=[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]] |date=2002 |volume=122 |issue=1 |pages=151–153 |doi=10.2307/3087697 |jstor=3087697 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3087697 |issn=0003-0279|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In a review for the ''[[Journal of the American Oriental Society]]'', Heidi Pauwels wrote Dalmia's contribution to the collection "unravels masterfully the complicated fabric of nineteenth-century "traditionalist" (''sanātana'') reconstructions of Hinduism" in her analysis of works by [[Bharatendu Harishchandra|Bhāratendu Hariśchandra]].<ref name="Pauwels 2002"/>

===''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions''===
Dalmia also authored ''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth Century Banaras'', which was published in 1997 by [[Oxford University Press]]. In a review for ''[[The Journal of Asian Studies]]'', Kathryn Hansen wrote the book "requires some specialist knowledge to appreciate, and historians and religious studies scholars may be more satisfied with the weight given to the various issues than a literature person like myself."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hansen |first1=Kathryn |title=Review of The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth-Century Banaras |journal=[[The Journal of Asian Studies]] |date=1998 |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=1194–1195 |doi=10.2307/2659363 |jstor=2659363 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2659363 |issn=0021-9118|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Peter Gottschalk wrote in a review for ''[[History of Religions (journal)|History of Religions]]'', "By focusing on the literary figure of Bharatendu Harischandra, Dalmia presents the variety of social forces contributing to the nationalization of Hindu traditions and the dynamics of the traditions involved in a more nuanced manner than many other scholars."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gottschalk |first1=Peter |title=Review of The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth-Century Banaras |journal=[[History of Religions (journal)|History of Religions]] |date=2000 |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=398–399 |doi=10.1086/463611 |jstor=3176555 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3176555 |issn=0018-2710}}</ref>

===''Hindu Pasts''===
Her book ''Hindu Pasts: Women, Religion, History'', published in 2017 by [[SUNY Press]], is a collection of her essays previously published in various publications, with an introduction of the work.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Orr |first1=Leslie |title=Orr on Dalmia, 'Hindu Pasts: Women, Religion, Histories' |url=https://networks.h-net.org/node/22055/reviews/6193629/orr-dalmia-hindu-pasts-women-religion-histories |website=[[H-Net]] |access-date=22 November 2023 |date=June 2020}}</ref> In a review for the ''[[Journal of the American Academy of Religion]]'', Emilia Bachrach discusses the attention on gender and the role of women in the collection, and states "It is in fact the author herself that shines through as the book's most notable woman," and also writes, "It is worth noting that throughout the articles - often in her framing of a historical problem - Dalmia critically analyzes (and laments) the rise of Hindu nationalism (Hindutva) in ways that significantly inform her careful unpacking of religious histories."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bachrach |first1=Emilia |title=Hindu Pasts: Women, Religion, History. By Vasudha Dalmia |journal=[[Journal of the American Academy of Religion]] |date=7 September 2019 |volume=87 |issue=3 |pages=915–918 |doi=10.1093/jaarel/lfz041 |url=https://academic.oup.com/jaar/article-abstract/87/3/915/5529361|via=Academic Search Complete|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Natalia Guzevataia writes in a review for ''[[Politics, Religion & Ideology]]'', "Every essay in the book presents an account from colonial or, more rarely, precolonial reality, based on extensive archival work, followed by a series of questions illuminating the relations between them and the modernity. This is an invitation for the more nuanced and contextualized discussion, as opposed to the immediate call-and-response analysis."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guzevataia |first1=Natalia |title=Hindu past: women, religion, histories: by Vasudha Dalmia, New York, SUNY Press, 2019, 392 pp., $ 33.95 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-4384-6806-8 |journal=[[Politics, Religion & Ideology]] |date=March 2021 |volume=22 |issue=1|doi=10.1080/21567689.2021.1888542 |via=Academic Search Complete}}</ref>

===''Fiction as History''===
''Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India'' was published in 2019 by [[SUNY Press]]. The book includes an introduction and has two sections of commentary on eight Hindi novels followed by an epilogue, with the first section of commentary covering ''[[Pariksha Guru]]'' (1882) by Lala Shrinivasdas, ''[[Bazaar-e-Husn|Sevasadan]]'' (1918) and ''[[Karmabhoomi|Karmabhumi]]'' (1932) by [[Premchand]], and ''[[Jhutha Sach (novel)|Jhutha Sach]]'' (1958–1960) by [[Yashpal]], and the second section covering ''[[Gunahon Ka Devta (novel)|Gunahon Ka Devta]]'' (1949) by [[Dharamvir Bharati|Dharamveer Bharati]], ''Nadi ke Dvip'' (1948) by [[Agyeya]], ''Sara Akash'' (1951) by [[Rajendra Yadav]], and ''Andhere Band Kamre'' (1961) by [[Mohan Rakesh]].<ref name="Kumar 2020">{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Prabhat |title=Book review: Vasudha Dalmia, Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India |journal=[[The Indian Economic & Social History Review]] |date=January 2020 |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=125–127 |doi=10.1177/0019464619896229 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Mahajan 2021">{{cite journal |last1=Mahajan |first1=Chakraverti |title=FICTION AS HISTORY: The Novel and the City in Modern North India By Vasudha Dalmia |journal=[[Pacific Affairs]] |date=12 April 2021 |volume=94 |issue=2 |url=https://pacificaffairs.ubc.ca/book-reviews/fiction-as-history-the-novel-and-the-city-in-modern-north-india-by-vasudha-dalmia/ |access-date=23 November 2023 |language=en-CA}}</ref>

In a review for ''[[The Indian Economic & Social History Review]]'', Prabhat Kumar writes, "Since the story of what the author calls modernisation (i.e., the co-constitution of North Indian cities, Hindu Hindi middle class and the articulation of a range of its cultural experience and emotion—political and sexual, public and intimate, social and individual, pragmatic and romantic and so forth) is best captured in Hindi fiction, she titles her book ''Fiction as History''."<ref name="Kumar 2020"/> In a review for ''[[Pacific Affairs]]'', Chakraverti Mahajan notes the epilogue "focuses on connecting the salient dots across the novels, especially focusing on women and their negotiations with structures of power" and states, "Dalmia argues that as the novel in Hindi matures, ways of perceiving women become more complex and nuanced."<ref name="Mahajan 2021"/>

==Selected publications==
* Dalmia V. and [[Heinrich von Stietencron]], eds., 1995. ''Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity''. Sage Publications. {{ISBN|9780803991958}}<ref>Additional reviews of ''Representing Hinduism''
*{{cite journal |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Knut |title=VASUDHA DALMIA and HEINRICH VON STIETENCRON (Eds.), Representing Hinduism: The Construction of Religious Traditions and National Identity — New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1995 (467 p.), ISBN 0-8039-9194-0 (hb.), £35.00. |journal=[[Numen (journal)|Numen]] |date=1 January 1997 |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=347–348 |doi=10.1163/1568527971655878 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/nu/44/3/article-p347_7.xml?language=en |language=en |issn=1568-5276|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Werner |first1=Karel |title=South Asia - Dalmia Vasudha and Heinrich von Stietencron (ed.): Representing Hinduism: the construction of religious traditions and national identity. 476 pp. New Delhi, Thousand Oaks and London: Sage Publications, 1995. £35. |journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]] |date=October 1997 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=576–577 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00032870 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/south-asia-dalmia-vasudha-and-heinrich-von-stietencron-ed-representing-hinduism-the-construction-of-religious-traditions-and-national-identity-476-pp-new-delhi-thousand-oaks-and-london-sage-publications-1995-35/930DE13AA509B4CC398A43019986DF5D |language=en |issn=1474-0699|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Dalmia, V., 1997. ''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth Century Banaras''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780195639612}}<ref>Additional reviews of ''The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions''
*{{cite journal |last1=Kumar |first1=Nita |date=September 1998 |title=Book Reviews : Vasudha Dalmia, The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions: Bharatendu Harischandra and Nineteenth-century Banaras |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946469803500306 |journal=The Indian Economic & Social History Review |language=en |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=339–341 |doi=10.1177/001946469803500306 |issn=0019-4646 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231117164711/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/001946469803500306 |archive-date=17 November 2023|url-access=subscription }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Damsteegt |first1=Theo |title=Review of The Nationalization of Hindu Traditions. Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and Nineteenth-Century Banaras |journal=[[Indo-Iranian Journal]] |date=1999 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=91–97 |doi=10.1023/A:1003144316665 |jstor=24663473 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24663473 |issn=0019-7246}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Orsini |first1=Francesca |title=South Asia - Vasudha Dalmia: The nationalization of Hindu traditions: Bhāratendu Hariśchandra and nineteenth century Banaras. xii, 490 pp. Delhi, etc.: Oxford University Press, 1997. £18.99. |journal=[[Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies]] |date=January 1999 |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=163–164 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00018000 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-school-of-oriental-and-african-studies/article/abs/south-asia-vasudha-dalmia-the-nationalization-of-hindu-traditions-bharatendu-harischandra-and-nineteenth-century-banaras-xii-490-pp-delhi-etc-oxford-university-press-1997-1899/A10038619D0E93C910DCAA5DAB82236A |language=en |issn=1474-0699|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
* Dalmia, V., Angelika Malinar, and Martin Christof, eds., 2001. ''Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent'', Delhi: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780195654530}}<ref>Reviews of ''Charisma and Canon''
*{{cite journal |last1=Chakrabarti |first1=Kunal |title=Book Review: Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent |journal=[[Studies in History]] |date=August 2002 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=359–362 |doi=10.1177/025764300201800211}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Gold |first1=Daniel |title=Book Reviews : VASUDHA DALMIA, ANGELIKA MALINAR and MARTIN CHRISTOF, eds, Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp. 461. ANTONY COPLEY, ed., Gurus and Their Followers: New Religious Reform Movements in Colonial India, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 235. W.H. McLEOD, Exploring Sikhism: Aspects of Sikh Identity, Culture and Thought, Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000, pp. 288 |journal=[[The Indian Economic & Social History Review]] |date=December 2002 |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=454–458 |doi=10.1177/001946460203900413}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Frederick M. |title=Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent – Edited by Vasudha Dalmia, Angelika Malinar, and Martin Christof |journal=[[Religious Studies Review]] |date=January 2006 |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=60 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-0922.2006.00045_1.x |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-0922.2006.00045_1.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*Dalmia, V., 2003. ''Orienting India: European Knowledge Formation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries'', Delhi: Three Essays. {{ISBN|9788188789016}}<ref name="Berlin"/>
*Blackburn, S.H. and Dalmia, V. eds., 2004. ''India's Literary History: Essays on the Nineteenth Century''. Orient Blackswan. {{ISBN|9788178240565}}
* Dalmia V. and Heinrich von Stietencron, eds., 2007. ''The Oxford Hinduism Reader''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780195684452}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cort |first1=John E. |title=The Oxford Hinduism Reader – Edited by Vasudha Dalmia and Heinrich von Steitencron |journal=[[Religious Studies Review]] |date=June 2010 |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=167 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-0922.2010.01434_4.x}}</ref>
*Dalmia, V., 2008. ''Poetics, Plays, and Performances: The Politics of Modern Indian Theatre''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780199087952}}<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bhatia |first1=Nandi |title=Poetics, Plays and Performances: The Politics of Modern Indian Theatre. By Vasudha Dalmia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006. xiii, 366 pp. 49.95 (cloth). |journal=[[The Journal of Asian Studies]] |date=November 2007 |volume=66 |issue=4 |pages=1187–1191 |doi=10.1017/S0021911807001738 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-asian-studies/article/abs/poetics-plays-and-performances-the-politics-of-modern-indian-theatre-by-vasudha-dalmia-new-delhi-oxford-university-press-2006-xiii-366-pp-3995rs1080-cloth-theatres-of-independence-drama-theory-and-urban-performance-in-india-since-1947-by-aparna-bhargava-dharwadker-iowa-city-university-of-iowa-press-2005-xix-456-pp-4995-cloth/ECEA6EF5F8F3E42D21E344FCBB66EAD9 |language=en |issn=1752-0401|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
*Dalmia, V. and Sadana, R. eds., 2012. ''The Cambridge Companion to Modern Indian Culture''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN| 9780511979965}}
*''The Music of Solitude'', translated into English from the Hindi novel ''Samay Sargam'' by [[Krishna Sobti]]. Delhi: Harper Perennial, 2013. {{ISBN|9789351160229}}<ref>Reviews of ''The Music of Solitude''
*{{cite news |last1=Sinha |first1=Arunava |title=Translations {{!}} The Music of Solitude & The Roof Beneath Their Feet |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/Z5rgi16rvms5g6M6nwRpXP/Translations--The-Music-of-Solitude--The-Roof-Beneath-Thei.html |access-date=23 November 2023 |work=[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]] |date=30 November 2013 |language=en}}
*{{cite news |last1=Sudarshan |first1=Aditya |title=Consistent tone |url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/literary-review/consistent-tone/article5643010.ece |access-date=24 November 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=1 February 2014 |language=en-IN}}</ref>
*Dalmia, V., 2017. ''Hindu Pasts: Women, Religion, History''. State University of New York Press. {{ISBN|9781438468051}}
*Dalmia, V., 2019. ''Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India''. SUNY Press. {{ISBN|9781438476056}}<ref>Additional reviews of ''Fiction as History''
*{{cite news |last1=Lal |first1=Vinay |title=Open City |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/books/fiction-as-history-the-novel-and-the-city-in-modern-north-india-open-city-4707801/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2017 |language=en}}
*{{cite news |last1=Goyal |first1=Shantam |title=Dalmia's 'Fiction as History' undercuts grand narratives to tell unspeakable tales |url=https://theprint.in/pageturner/afterword/dalmia-fiction-as-history-undercuts-grand-narratives-to-tell-unspeakable-tales/44468/ |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[ThePrint]] |date=25 March 2018}}</ref>
* Martin Fuchs and Vasudha Dalmia, eds., 2019. ''Religious Interactions in Modern India''. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|9780198081685}}<ref>Reviews of ''Religious Interactions in Modern India''
*{{cite news |last1=Kunnath |first1=Annie |title=Religious interactions in Modern India: Threads enmeshed yet distinct |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/religious-interactions-in-modern-india-threads-enmeshed-yet-distinct/cid/1704531 |access-date=22 November 2023 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |date=13 September 2019 |language=en}}
*{{cite journal |last1=Aquil |first1=Raziuddin |title=Religious Interactions in Modern India: Martin Fuchs and Vasudha Dalmia, eds., New Delhi, Oxford University Press, 2019, 469 pp., Rs 1295 (Hardback), ISBN 9780198081685 |journal=[[South Asian Studies]] |date=2 July 2020 |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=218–220 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2020.1788279}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://thewire.in/books/the-roots-of-the-poisonous-tree The Root of the Poisonous Tree] (Vasudha Dalmia, 2015, ''[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]'')

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dalmia, Vasudha}}
[[Category:Indian women academics]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Jawaharlal Nehru University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Cologne alumni]]
[[Category:Heidelberg University alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley faculty]]
[[Category:Yale University faculty]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women educators]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian educators]]
[[Category:Hindi–English translators]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Miranda House alumni]]

Mohansingh (ruler)

2025-11-10T20:21:39Z

LatonyaBiaggini: added a bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox royalty
|image=
|name = Mohansingh
| title =
|caption =
|succession = Ruler of [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom]]
|religion = [[Hinduism]]
|full name =
|coronation = c. 1755
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|death_date = 1758
|death_place = [[Raipur]]
|reign =
|predecessor = Raghunath Singh
|successor =[[Bimbaji Bhonsle]]
|house = [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom|Haihaiyavanshi]]
|spouse =
|father =
|mother =
|issue =
}}'''Mohan Singh''' (c. 1755–1758) was the last ruler of the [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom]], the dynasty which ruled [[Chhattisgarh]] for over 700 years. He ruled [[Chhattisgarh]] under the suzerainty of the [[Bhonsles of Nagpur|Bhonsles]] of [[Nagpur Kingdom]].<ref name="m">{{cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=P. L. |title=Mohansingh (The Last Kalachuri King) |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |date=1969 |volume=31 |pages=207–213 |jstor=44138363 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44138363}}</ref><ref name="ch">{{cite book |last1=Mishra |first1=Prabhu Lal |title=The Political History of Chhattisgarh, 1740-1858 A.D. |date=1979 |publisher=Vishwa Bharati Prakashan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WM5aAAAAIAAJ&q=mohansingh+kalachuri |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life==
The king of the [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom]], Raja Raj Singh (c. 1689–1712) had no son and became interested in a young man named Mohan Singh, who belonged to the [[Raipur|Raipur branch]] of the [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom|Haihayas]]. According to J.W. Chisholm, Mohansingh was represented as "a young man of physical strength and considerable personal attraction". The young Mohansingh remained with the ''raja'' Raj Singh frequently for months and became his favourite.<ref name="bilaspur">{{cite book |title=Report on the Land Revenue Settlement of the Belaspore District, in the Central Provinces, 1868 |date=1869 |publisher=Printed at the Oriental Press for the Chief Commissioner's Office |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJdeAAAAcAAJ&q=bilaspur+Settlement+report |language=en}}</ref><ref name="m"/><ref name="y">{{cite book |last1=Congress |first1=Indian History |title=Proceedings |date=1970 |publisher=Indian History Congress |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cglDAAAAYAAJ&q=mohansingh+kalachuri |language=en}}</ref>

Raj Singh eventually made Mohan Singh his successor, however, the death of Raj Singh was somewhat sudden and Mohan Singh was on a shooting expedition at that time. Thus Mohan Singh could not come back early and Rajsingh thus crowned his grand-uncle Sardar Singh as the king.<ref>{{cite book |title=Raipur Settlement Report |date=1869 |pages=28–30 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bilaspur"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh: Durg |date=1965 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CEVuAAAAMAAJ&q=mohansingh+kalachuri |language=en}}</ref> However, Mohansingh was dissatisfied with this development and while leaving the kingdom he declared that "he would yet return and assume government". He unsuccessfully tried to raise an army to create a revolution against the [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom|Haihayas]], since their rule was popular.<ref name="bilaspur"/><ref name="d">{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: Dewas |date=1973 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qIphAAAAIAAJ&q=mohansingh+kalachuri |language=en}}</ref><ref name="m"/><ref name="y"/>

According to a theory proposed by Dr. P.L. Mishra, he wandered aimlessly for at least twenty years during the reign of Sardarsingh. After the [[Bhonsles of Nagpur|Bhonsle family]] came to power in [[Berar Province|Berar]] and the [[Nagpur Kingdom]], he went to them and earned the favour of [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghuji Bhonsle]], the Bhonsle ruler.<ref name="bilaspur"/> In 1740, with the successful invasion of [[Chhattisgarh]] by the Maratha general [[Bhaskar Ram Kolhatkar|Bhaskar Pant]], the [[Haihaiyavanshi Kingdom|Haihaiyavanshi King]] Raghunath Singh became a Maratha vassal. When the old Raghunath Singh died in 1745, [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghuji Bhonsle]], who was returning from the [[Maratha invasions of Bengal|Bengal campaign]], installed Mohansingh as the Haihaya king under his suzerainty.<ref name="bilaspur"/><ref name="m"/><ref name="y"/><ref name="d"/>

==Reign==
The [[zamindar]]s of the kingdom were irked at the new king, Mohansingh since he was a Maratha vassal. Unlike his Haihaya ancestors, who solely exercised overlordship over petty chieftains, Mohansingh started successfully conquering and directly ruling over the zamindaris. In order to please his Maratha overlords, he deposed the Haihaya ruler of Raipur, who was his relative and gave him a pension. After the death of the ruler in 1753, he stopped the pension to his cousins.{{fact|date=August 2024}}

He was faithful and obedient to the [[Nagpur Kingdom|king at Nagpur]] and paid regular tribute to the Bhonsle treasury.<ref name="m"/> After [[Raghoji I Bhonsle|Raghuji Bhonsle]]'s death, his sons were assigned different roles by the [[peshwa]] to avoid a succession struggle. Janoji became the king of [[Nagpur]] and given the title of ''Sena Sahib Suba'', Sabaji was to govern Western [[Berar Province|Berar]] with his headquarters at [[Darwha]], Mudhoji was given the title of ''Senadhurandhar'' with [[Chandrapur|Chanda]] an [[Chhattisgarh]] as his jurisdiction and [[Bimbaji Bhonsle|Bhonsle]] was to govern [[Chhattisgarh]] with his headquarters at [[Ratanpur, Chhattisgarh|Ratanpur]].{{fact|date=August 2024}}

Therefore [[Bimbaji Bhonsle|Bimbaji]] proceeded for [[Chhattisgarh]] to assume his post, which would mean Mohansingh's dismissal. Therefore Mohansingh started collecting his resources and forces near [[Raipur]] half-heartedly but he died shortly after and thus, Bimbaji assumed rule of the region with ease.<ref name="bilaspur"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pradesh (India) |first1=Madhya |title=Madhya Pradesh District Gazetteers: West Nimar |date=1978 |publisher=Government Central Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3axhAAAAIAAJ&q=Bimbaji |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Sir Arthur Edward |title=Raipur District: Volume A, Descriptive |date=1909 |publisher=Printed at the British India Press, Byculla |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVNRqTCIeYAC&q=Bimbaji |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mohansingh}}
[[Category:Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:1758 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian people]]

Adarangi

2025-11-08T20:03:49Z

LatonyaBiaggini: minor cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = Adarangi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline = Ramanagara in Karnataka (India).svg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{Coord|13.1214|77.1914|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Bangalore Rural]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluka]]s
| parts = Magadi
| government_type =
| governing_body = Village Panchayat
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = Nearest city
| blank1_info_sec1 = Bangalore Rural
| blank2_name_sec1 = Civic agency
| blank2_info_sec1 = Village Panchayat
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

''' Adarangi ''' is a village in the southern state of [[Karnataka]], India.<ref name="2011 census of India">{{cite 2011 census of India|id=712671|name=Adarangi}} {{Dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="yahoomaps">{{cite web|url=http://in.maps.yahoo.com |title=Yahoo! maps India : |accessdate=2009-04-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218082545/http://in.maps.yahoo.com/ |archivedate=2008-12-18 }} Adarangi, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka</ref> It is located in the [[Magadi]] [[taluk]] of [[Ramanagara]].

==See also==
* [[Ramanagara]]
* [[Districts of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* https://bangalorerural.nic.in/en/

{{Settlements in Bangalore Rural district}}

[[Category:Villages in Bangalore Rural district]]

{{Bangalore Rural-geo-stub}}

Sevagram Junction railway station

2025-09-19T21:05:58Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made some pg initial version

{{Short description|Railway station in Maharashtra, India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{one source|date=February 2019}}
{{third-party|date=February 2019}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Sevagram Junction
| type = [[Indian Railways]] [[junction station]]
| style = Indian Railways
| image = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|100px]]
| image_caption = Indian Railways logo
| address = Wardha, Maharashtra
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.7391|78.6185|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=title}}
| elevation = {{convert|279|m|ft}}
| line = [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line]] [[New Delhi–Chennai main line]]
| other =
| structure = At ground
| platform = 5
| tracks = 10
| entrances =
| parking = Available
| opened = 1985
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 1990–91
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SEGM
| zone =
| division = Nagpur
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Central Railway zone|Central Railway]]
| status =
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Maharashtra#India
| map_caption = Location in Maharashtra##Location in India
}}

'''Sevagram Junction''' is a railway station serving [[Wardha]] city, in [[Wardha district]], [[Maharashtra]], India. It is under [[Nagpur CR railway division|Nagpur railway division]] of [[Central Railway zone]] of Indian Railways. It is an important junction station on the [[Howrah–Nagpur–Mumbai line|Howrah–Mumbai]] and [[New Delhi–Chennai main line|Delhi–Chennai]] trunk line of the Indian Railways. This was known earlier as "Wardha East" (station code WRE).<ref>{{Cite web |title=[IRFCA] Indian Railway stations FAQ |url=https://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-station.html |access-date=19 September 2025}}</ref>

It is located at 279 m above sea level and has five platforms. As of 2016, at this station, 76 trains stop.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/sewagram-junction-segm/19|title=45 COVID-19 Special Arrivals at Sewagram CR/Central Zone - Railway Enquiry}}</ref>

It is notable for the extremely steep rail curve south of the station requiring inbound and outbound trains to slow down considerably.{{citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==History==
The first passenger train in India travelled from Mumbai to Thane on 16 April 1853. By May 1854, [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]]'s Bombay–Thane line was extended to Kalyan. Bhusawal railway station was set up in 1860, and in 1867 the GIPR branch line was extended to Nagpur.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html | title = IR History: Early Days – I : Chronology of railways in India, Part 2 (1832–1865) | publisher =IRFCA | access-date = 2013-03-18 }}</ref>

Before establishment of [[Sevagram railway station]], north–south-bound trains had to get their engines reversed in opposite direction, which was a very time-consuming process. To avoid this problem, a new station for halting north–south-bound trains was established in 1985, named [[Sevagram railway station]]. Since then, trains running on [[New Delhi–Chennai main line]] halt at Sevagram railway station, bypassing Wardha railway station.

The railways in the Badnera–Wardha sector were electrified in 1990–1991.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://irfca.org/docs/electrification-history.html|title = History of Electrification| publisher= IRFCA| access-date = 2013-03-18 }}</ref>

The station has been equipped with new Route Relay Interlocking (RRI) for faster train operation.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Adjacent stations|noclear=y
|system=Indian Railways
|line=Central Railway zone|left=Warud|right=Wardha Junction|type=[[Nagpur–Bhusawal section]]
|line2=Central Railway zone|left2=Warud|right2=Chitoda|type2=[[Nagpur–Secunderabad line]]|to-left=Nagpur Junction|to-left2=Nagpur Junction|to-right=Bhusaval Junction|to-right2=Secunderabad Junction}}

{{Central Railway}}
{{Railway stations in Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1985]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Wardha district]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Nagpur CR railway division]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Maharashtra]]

T. Santhanam

2025-09-12T12:50:08Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{Short description|Indian film art director (c. 1972 – 2022)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = T. Santhanam
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1972
| birth_place =
| death_date = 24 October 2022
| death_place = [[Chennai]], India
| nationality =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| years_active = 2010–2022
| occupation = [[Art director]] and [[production designer]]
|website=
}}

'''T. Santhanam''' ({{circa}} 1972 – 24 October 2022) was an Indian film art director who worked in the [[Tamil cinema|Tamil film industry]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/886821-aayiraththil-oruvan-art-director-t-santhanam-dead-heart-attack-sad-film.html|title=ஆயிரத்தில் ஒருவன் திரைப்படத்தின் கலை இயக்குனர் சந்தானம் காலமானார்|website=Hindu Tamil Thisai|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/film-art-director-t-santhanam-passed-away-ayirathil-oruvan-production-designer-santhanam-passed-away-1.7987089|title=തമിഴ് സൂപ്പർഹിറ്റ് ചിത്രങ്ങളുടെ കലാസംവിധായകൻ ടി. സന്താനം അന്തരിച്ചു|website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

==Career==
Santhanam graduated from the Government College of Fine Arts in 1996, and assisted art director [[M. Prabhaharan]] for five years. He started doing ad films, and then got his break in films with the K Bhagyaraj directorial, ''[[Chokka Thangam]]'' (2003).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/it-is-important-for-an-art-director-to-read-the-script-santhanam/articleshow/74319065.cms|title=It is important for an art director to read the script: Santhanam - Times of India|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Santhanam garnered acclaim for his work on [[Selvaraghavan]]'s fantasy film ''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2010 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' (2010), where he depicted various periods, including the Chola dynasty and contemporary times.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/sets-appeal/article104933.ece|title=Sets appeal|first=W.|last=Sreelalitha|date=11 February 2010|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> Santhanam also worked on [[Vasanthabalan]]'s period drama ''[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014 film)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]'' (2014), set in the 1930s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-art-director/t-santhanam/an-exclusive-kaaviya-thalaivan-special-interview-with-art-director-t-santhanam.html|title=An exclusive Kaaviya Thalaivan special interview with Art Director T Santhanam|website=www.behindwoods.com}}</ref> For both films, he won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Art Director]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/tn-govt-announces-tamil-film-awards-for-six-years/article19273078.ece|title=Full list of the Tamil Film Awards from 2009-2014 announced by the TN govt|date=13 July 2017|via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref>

He later notably collaborated with [[AR Murugadoss]] on the [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]-starrer ''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2018) and the [[Rajinikanth]]-starrer ''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]'' (2020), as well as with [[Karthik Subbaraj]] on the gangster dramas ''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' (2021) and ''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2022/oct/25/art-director-t-santhanam-dies-due-to-heart-attack-35952.html|title=Art director T Santhanam dies due to heart attack|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

==Death==
Santhanam died on 24 October 2022 of a heart attack, in his early 50s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/art-director-santhanam-passed-away-sarkar-aayirathil-oruvan-darbar-1947-august-16-tamil-news-326431|title=Sarkar, Darbar art director T. Santhanam passed away suddenly - Tamil News|date=24 October 2022|website=IndiaGlitz.com}}</ref>

==Partial filmography==
===As art director===
{{colbegin}}
*''[[Chokka Thangam]]'' (2003)
*''[[Pudhukottaiyilirundhu Saravanan]]'' (2004)
*''[[Bose (film)|Bose]]'' (2004)
*''[[Pudhupettai]]'' (2006)
*''[[Yaaradi Nee Mohini]]'' (2008)
*''[[Aayirathil Oruvan (2010 film)|Aayirathil Oruvan]]'' (2010)
*''[[Tamizh Padam]]'' (2010)
*''[[Kalavani]]'' (2010)
*''[[Thoonga Nagaram]]'' (2011)
*''[[Deiva Thirumagal]]'' (2011)
*''[[Kaaviya Thalaivan (2014 film)|Kaaviya Thalaivan]]'' (2014)
*''[[Demonte Colony]]'' (2015)
*''[[Irudhi Suttru]]'' (2016)
*''[[Irudhi Suttru|Saala Khadoos]]'' (2016)
*''[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2018)
*''[[Darbar (film)|Darbar]]'' (2020)
*''[[Jagame Thandhiram]]'' (2021)
*''[[Mahaan (2022 film)|Mahaan]]'' (2022)
*''August 16, 1947'' (2023)
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm3619856}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Santhanam, T.}}
[[Category:1970s births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian art directors]]
[[Category:Indian production designers]]
[[Category:Artists from Chennai]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]

{{India-film-bio-stub}}

Diocese of Nongstoin

2025-08-24T22:04:43Z

LatonyaBiaggini: done

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Meghalaya, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Nongstoin
|latin = Dioecesis Nongstoinensis
|local =
|country = [[India]]
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of St. Peter the Apostle in [[Nongstoin]]
|cocathedral =
|established = 28 January 2006
|area_km2 = 5,247
|population = 581,216
|population_as_of = 2020
|catholics = 164,334
|catholics_percent= 28.3
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop_title = Bishop
|bishop = [[Wilbert Marwein]]
|coadjutor =
|metro_archbishop = [[Victor Lyngdoh]]
|auxiliary_bishops=
|map = Map of Roman Catholic Diocese of Nongstoin.png
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Nongstoin''' ({{langx|la| Nongstoinen(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Nongstoin]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Shillong|Shillong]] in India. In a land area of 5, 247 square kilometers, the diocesan territory covers the West Khasi Hills, Eastern West Khasi Hills and South West Khasi Hills District of Meghalaya state.

==History==
The real success and growth of the Catholic Church in West Khasi Hills is solely attributed to the zealous missionaries who dedicated and sacrificed their lives for the Gospel. Some of whom need special mention. The seed of Christianity fell in fertile soil sometimes in 1907, where under the capable supervision and direction of the saintly Father Otto Hopfenmuller SDS, Myntri Langduh Shangdiar and his son Raimondus Rai Khardewsaw found grace in the personal animation of Father Valentinus Karffe SDS and were baptized on 24 January 1907 at Rangthong by the Officiating pastor Father Dominicu Dounderer SDS. The seed blossomed and bear fruit. Raimondus Rai later became the first teacher and Catechist of Rangblang. Rangblang became the first stronghold of Catholicism in the Western zone of Khasi Hills.

The colossal contribution of spreading the Gospel of Christ in West Khasi Hills, which dominated the Catholic Arena, was none other than the beloved [[Constantine Vendrame|Father Constantine Vendrame SDB]] from 1922 onwards. His foot-steps were followed by his followers Father Tome, Foglia, C. Attard, Carmelo Spitale and later Fathers Felix Matta, Costa, Albizuri, Toniguzzo and Vanni Desideri and many others.

In the mid-20th century, the nearest Mission station was Marbisu Parish, 76 kilometers away from Nongstoin. The faithful, Catechists and devotees traveled on foot to fulfill their obligations to the Mission station bare-footed for four days forth and back. Father Carmel Attard SDB, the stern and fatherly Maltese missionary was there to receive them. Those were the days of trials but bear fruits that lasted till today.

From 1970 onwards, the sacrifice and untiring endeavour of the missionaries boosted the Mission filed in West Khasi Hills (at that time under Assam). The Shillong Diocese felt it necessary to extend the pastoral institutions to the western zone of the diocese. Thus the Parish of St. Peter the Apostle was established on 12 May 1966 at Pyndengrei, Nongstoiñ with Father Emmanuel Albizuri SDB as the first Parish Priest (RIP-Spaniard) and Father John Mary Premoli SDB (an Italian) now in Africa as assistant Parish Priest. These two "bulldozer missionaries" travelled far and wide on foot covering the present 10 parishes and make it possible for the present Diocese to come into existence.

The Diocese of Nongstoin was created by Pope Benedict XVI on 28 January 2006. The Apostolic Nuncio to India, Archbishop Pedro Lopez Quintana, ordained Bishop Victor Lyngdoh on 2 April 2006 and installed him as the first Bishop of Nongstoiñ Diocese on 4 April 2006 amidst turbulent torrential cyclonic rain The diocese was bifurcated from the Archdiocese of Shillong and it
includes the whole area of the West and South West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya.

==Statistics==
As of 2009, Nongstoin diocese had 102,900 baptized Catholics, representing 34 percent of all 313,723 people in the territory. The diocese had 18 parishes and 60 mission stations. During 2009, the diocese recorded 4,850 baptisms. According to the current statistics of 2012, the Catholic population is 1,21,231 approximately. In 2015 the Catholic population was 136,142.

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Nongstoin ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** Bishop Victor Lyngdoh (28 January 2006 – 14 October 2016)

Bishop Victor Lyngdoh was born on 14 January 1956 in Wahlang, East Khasi Hills District in the state of Meghalaya. He was ordained a priest on 25 January 1987 in the archdiocese of Shillong. He was appointed Bishop of Nongstoin on 28 January 2006 and was consecrated on 2 April 2006. Before becoming a prelate Bishop Lyngdoh was parish priest of the [[Cathedral of Mary Help of Christians]] in the [[Archdiocese of Shillong]].

He is the Chairman of Bible Commission in North East Bishops' Council of India.

==References==

{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/nong0.htm GCatholic.org] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnong.html Catholic Hierarchy] [[Wikipedia:SPS|{{sup|[''self-published'']}}]]

{{coord|25.5242|N|91.2691|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nongstoin}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christianity in Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 2006]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 21st century]]
[[Category:2006 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Mangrulpir

2025-07-26T16:36:23Z

LatonyaBiaggini: revise

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Mangrulpir
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Maharashtra]], India
| coordinates = {{coord|20.3167|N|77.35|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Washim district|Washim]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for = Sant, pir
| government_type = Municipal council
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 14.33
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 429
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 50,983
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = 7,155
| population_demonym = Mangrulkar
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 444403<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypincode.in/MAHARASHTRA/WASHIM/MANGRULPIR_PINCODE|title=City Pincode Finder Tool - Find any City Pin Code Number}}</ref>
| registration_plate = MH-37
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
| demographics1_title2 = Other
| demographics1_info2 = Hindi, [[Urdu language|Urdu]], English
}}

'''Mangrulpir''' [[taluka]] is a town in the Washim District of Maharashtra, India. It is well-known for the Dada Hayat Qalandar Dargah and Shree Birbalnath Maharaj Temple. The town has a municipal council.

==Municipality==
The [[Municipality]] at Mangrulpir is the youngest in the district. The [[Municipality]] was established at Mangrulpir in 1959 and is governed under the [[Maharashtra Municipalities Act, 1965]]. It covered an area of 11.76 square km. The [[Municipal council]] is composed 10 members for the scheduled castes or the scheduled tribes, or for women.

==Places to Visit==
There are historic places of interest such as
*Dargah of Hazrat Sayyad Ahmad Kabeer and other Muslim saints and peers. The town is called Mangrulpir on account of these associations.
*The temple dedicated to Birbalnath Maharaj who hailed from [[Punjab]] and took samadhi on February 4, 1928. An annual fair is held in honour of Birbalnath Maharaj on Magha Shuddha Panchami to Mahashivratri in the months of February–March. About 10 to 12 thousand people assemble at the
time of the fair.

== Population==

{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |Year
! rowspan="2" |Male
! rowspan="2" |Female
! rowspan="2" |Total Population
! rowspan="2" |Change
! colspan="8" |Religion (%)
|-
!Hindu
!Muslim
!Christian
!Sikhs
!Buddhist
!Jain
!Other religions and persuasions
!Religion not stated
|-
|2001<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/21494/download/24626/PC01_C01_27.xls Census India 2001].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |14429
| style="text-align:right;" |13386
| style="text-align:right;" |27815
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:right;" |46.914
| style="text-align:right;" |43.638
| style="text-align:right;" |0.029
| style="text-align:right;" |0.022
| style="text-align:right;" |8.330
| style="text-align:right;" |0.942
| style="text-align:right;" |0.032
| style="text-align:right;" |0.093
|-
|2011<ref>[https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11382/download/14495/DDW27C-01%20MDDS.XLS Census India 2011].</ref>
| style="text-align:right;" |15963
| style="text-align:right;" |15020
| style="text-align:right;" |30983
| style="text-align:right;" |0.114
| style="text-align:right;" |41.662
| style="text-align:right;" |49.776
| style="text-align:right;" |0.116
| style="text-align:right;" |0.013
| style="text-align:right;" |7.523
| style="text-align:right;" |0.762
| style="text-align:right;" |0.003
| style="text-align:right;" |0.145
|}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = line
| y1=0.46914,0.41662
| y2=0.43638,0.49776
| y3=0.00029,0.00116
| y4=0.00022,0.00013
| y5=0.0833,0.07523
| y6=0.00942,0.00762
| y7=0.00032,0.00003
| y8=0.00093,0.00145
}}
{{Graph:Chart
| width=400
| height=150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisFormat = %
| showSymbols =
|colors = orange,green,blue,red,pink,grey,purple,black
| yAxisTitle=Religion
| legend=
| y1Title=Hindu
| y2Title=Muslim
| y3Title=Christian
| y4Title=Sikhs
| y5Title=Buddhist
| y6Title=Jain
| y7Title=Other
| y8Title=Religion not stated
| x=2001,2011
| type = rect
| y1=0.46914,0.41662
| y2=0.43638,0.49776
| y3=0.00029,0.00116
| y4=0.00022,0.00013
| y5=0.0833,0.07523
| y6=0.00942,0.00762
| y7=0.00032,0.00003
| y8=0.00093,0.00145}}

==Geography==
Mangrulpir has coordinates 77.346789°E 20.310143°N. Mangrulpir town is located in [[Washim district]]. The whole region lies on the deccan plateau. It has an altitude of 429m. The town is 40 km from district headquarter and 671 km from state capital [[Mumbai]]. It is an important town in the district. Mangrulpir Tehsil has a strong rural network. Washim is nearest railway station.

== Climate ==
This town has a tropical savannah climate. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Aw. Although temperatures remain warm to hot throughout the year, the period between October and February experiences cold temperatures during nights. Mid-February to May is hot and dry. Humidity starts increasing with the advent of Indian South-West Monsoon from June. Early June to Early October sees heavy rainfall in spells.

{{Weather box
| location = Mangrulpir Raingauge Station
| source = IMD Pune
| single line = Yes
| Jan rain mm = 11.3
| Feb rain mm = 7.9
| Mar rain mm = 8.8
| Apr rain mm = 5.9
| May rain mm = 8.9
| Jun rain mm = 150.5
| Jul rain mm = 249.0
| Aug rain mm = 218.2
| Sep rain mm = 161.0
| Oct rain mm = 51.3
| Nov rain mm = 15.3
| Dec rain mm = 5.2
| year rain mm = 893.3
| width = auto
}}

==See also==
*[[Tarhala]]
*[[Karanja Lad]]
*[[Washim]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Washim district topics}}
{{vidarbha}}
{{Maharashtra}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Washim district]]
[[Category:Talukas in Maharashtra]]

Sushant Shukla

2025-03-17T16:31:28Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made some data w/ sources

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}

'''Sushant Shukla''' (born 1983)<ref name=":0" /> is an Indian politician from [[Chhattisgarh]]. He is an MLA from [[Beltara Assembly constituency]] in [[Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur district]]. He won the [[2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election]], representing the Bharatiya Janata Party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Beltara Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Sushant Shukla defeats INC's Vijay Kesharwani with 16963 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/beltara-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470848-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushant Shukla , BJP Election Results LIVE: Latest Updates On Sushant Shukla , Assembly Election Constituency Seat |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/chhattisgarh/assembly-election-candidates-list-2023/sushant-shukla-50031-1 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=ndtv.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Shukla is from [[Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh|Bilaspur]], Chhattisgarh. He is the son of Hiramani Shukla. He passed Class 12 through open stream in 2018.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Sushant Shukla (Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP):Constituency- Beltara (Bilaspur) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Chhattisgarh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=400 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Shukla won from Beltara Assembly constituency representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in the 2023 Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly election. He polled 79,528 votes and defeated his nearest rival, Vijay Kesarwani of the [[Indian National Congress]], by a margin of 16,963 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sushant Shukla, BJP Candidate from Beltara Assembly Election 2024 Seat: Electoral History & Political Journey, Winning or Losing - News18 Assembly Election 2024 Result News |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/assembly/chhattisgarh/sushant-shukla-s26aed2008a031e2023c005/ |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=www.news18.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltara Constituency Election Results 2023: Beltara Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh/constituency-show/beltara |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-03 |title=Beltara Election Result 2023 Live: Bjp Candidate Sushant Shukla Wins From Beltara |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/beltara-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-winner-loser-bjp-congress-jcc-chhattisgarh-assembly-election-results-news-1647366 |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shukla, Sushant}}
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh]]

{{Chhattisgarh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Kanthal State

2024-11-26T21:30:56Z

LatonyaBiaggini: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Pratapgarh State]]

{{R with possibilities}}

[[Category:Princely states of Rajasthan]]

Sahana, Hooghly

2024-11-21T11:31:53Z

LatonyaBiaggini:

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2016}}
{{other uses|Sahana (disambiguation){{!}}Sahana}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Sahana
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.7612|N|88.2640|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Hooghly district|Hooghly]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Gram panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 1,944
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate = WB
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 =
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 =
| website = {{URL|wb.gov.in}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
}}
''' Sahana ''' is a village in [[Chanditala II]] community development block of [[Srirampore subdivision]] in [[Hooghly district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/banglarbhumi/(S(gfjpdc3blgg2wgbhpjw25op1))/ASP%20PAGES/info_block.aspx?distcode=06&bcode=11 |title= Mouza Information |publisher= Land & Land Reforms Department, Government of West Bengal |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161222012314/http://banglarbhumi.gov.in/banglarbhumi/(S(tyv5jjxe0bokhjwjl5jbecbj))/ASP%20PAGES/info_block.aspx?distcode=06&bcode=11 |archive-date= 2016-12-22 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Sahana is located at {{coord|22.7612|N|88.2640|E| source:itwiki_region:IN}}. Chanditala police station serves this Village.

===Gram panchayat===
Villages and census towns in Kapasaria [[gram panchayat]] are: [[Kapashanria]], [[Okardaha]], Sahana, [[Sanka, Hooghly|Sanka]] and [[Tisa, Hooghly|Tisa]].<ref>{{cite web | url= https://villageinfo.in/west-bengal/hugli/chanditala-ii/okardaha.html | title = Okardaha| publisher = Indian Village Directory |access-date = 18 October 2018}}</ref>

==Demographics==
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Sahana had a total population of 1,944 of which 921 (47%) were males and 1,023 (53%) were females. Population below 6 years was 263. The total number of literates in Sahana was 1,340 (79.71% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 7 October 2018}}</ref>

==Transport==
The nearest railway station, [[Baruipara railway station]], is {{convert|27|km}} from Howrah on the [[Howrah-Bardhaman chord]] line and is a part of the [[Kolkata Suburban Railway#Howrah Eastern Section|Kolkata Suburban Railway]] system.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/all/14441/1/2 | title = 36811 Howrah Bardhaman Local (via Chord) | publisher = indiarailinfo |access-date = 6 October 2018}}</ref>

The main road is [[National Highway 19 (India)|NH-19]] (old number NH 2)/ Durgapur Exptressway. It is the main artery of the village.<ref>Google maps</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Srirampore subdivision}}
{{Hooghly District}}

[[Category:Villages in Hooghly district]]
[[Category:Villages in Chanditala II CD Block]]

{{Hooghly-geo-stub}}

Nagarsol

2024-08-30T10:33:35Z

LatonyaBiaggini: small changes

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Nagarsol
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| etymology =
| nickname =
| motto =
| pushpin_map = Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Nagarsol in Maharashtra
| coordinates = {{Coord|20.100|N|74.543|E|display=title,inline}}
| coor_pinpoint =
| coordinates_type =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_region =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_type2 = District
| subdivision_name2 = [[Nashik district]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Taluka]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Yeola]]
| established_title =
| established_date =
| founder =
| seat_type =
| seat =
| government_footnotes =
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric


| area_footnotes =
| area_urban_footnotes = 
| area_rural_footnotes = 
| area_metro_footnotes = 
| area_magnitude = 
| area_note =
| area_water_percent =
| area_rank =
| area_blank1_title =
| area_blank2_title =

| area_total_km2 =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_urban_km2 =
| area_rural_km2 =
| area_metro_km2 =
| area_blank1_km2 =
| area_blank2_km2 =

| area_total_ha =
| area_land_ha =
| area_water_ha =
| area_urban_ha =
| area_rural_ha =
| area_metro_ha =
| area_blank1_ha =
| area_blank2_ha =
| length_km =
| width_km =
| dimensions_footnotes =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_as_of =
| population_footnotes =
| population_total =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_note =
| population_demonym =
| timezone1 =
| utc_offset1 =
| timezone1_DST =
| utc_offset1_DST =
| postal_code_type = PIN code
| postal_code = 423403
| area_code_type =
| area_code =
| iso_code =
| website = 
| footnotes =
}}
'''Nagarsol''', sometimes spelled '''Nagarsul''', is a small Indian village in located in [[Maharashtra]], with some housing colonies built around railway station, a rural hospital, a small public bus stand and an English medium school apart from couple of vernacular schools. It falls under [[Nasik district|Nashik district]] under [[Yeola]] [[Taluka]]. Nagarsol is  9.9 km far from its Taluka head office town of Yeola and at a distance of  80.4 km from its District town [[Nashik]].

==Railway station==
Nagarsol railway station-cum-terminus is managed by [[South Central Railway]]. Station code is NSL. It is located at a distance of  25 km from {{stnlnk|Manmad Junction}}. Nagarsol is located at a distance of  44 km away from famous pilgrimage center of [[Shirdi]]. The trains coming from South terminate here. From Nagarsol transport is available to Shridi which is one hour drive.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mustseeindia.com/driving-directions-from-Shirdi-to-Nagarsol/travel-direction |title=Driving Directions from SHIRDI to NAGARSOL – Nagarsol by road |website=Mustseeindia.com |access-date=2016-01-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indiantrains.org/station-details/?code=NSL&name=NAGARSOL |title=NAGARSOL (NSL) Railway Station Details |publisher=Indian Trains |access-date=2016-01-10}}</ref>

Nagarsol falls as a station under [[Secunderabad–Manmad line]], which was originally built by [[Hyderabad–Godavari Valley Railways]] owned by [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]] in year 1900 by [[Nizam of Hyderabad]].

Some of the trains which terminate at Nagarsol are:
* Nagarsol–[[Nanded]] Passenger
* [[Narasapur–Nagarsol Express (via Warangal)]] 17214
* [[Narasapur–Nagarsol Express (via Guntur)]] 17232
* [[Chennai–Nagarsol Express]]
* [[Jalna-Nagarsol DEMU]]
* [[Nagarsol–Kacheguda Express]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Portal bar|India}}
{{Nashik district}}

[[Category:Villages in Nashik district]]

Tiruppur railway station

2024-07-30T06:56:21Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made initial article w/ infobox

{{Short description|Railway station in Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{more citations needed|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Tiruppur
| type = [[Regional rail]], [[Light rail]] and [[Commuter rail]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image =
| image_caption = [[Tiruppur Kumaran|Kumaran]] memorial outside railway station
| address = Railway Station Road, [[Tiruppur]], [[Tiruppur district]], [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.1086|77.3397|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|305|m}}
| line = [[Jolarpettai–Shoranur line]]
| other = [[Auto rickshaw|Auto rickshaw stand]], [[Taxi|Taxi stand]]
| structure = Standard (on ground station)
| platform = 2 [[side platforms]]
| tracks = 4
| parking = Yes
| opened =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = Yes
| accessible =
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = TUP
| zone = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| division = {{rwd|Salem}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[Southern Railway zone]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Tamil Nadu#India
| map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]##Location in India
| map_dot_label = Tiruppur
}}
{{Salem–Palakkad sector|collapse=yes}}
'''Tiruppur railway station''' (station code: TUP<ref name="stn_code">{{cite web |title=Station Code Index |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=25 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216225807/https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/coaching/TAG_2023-24/Station_Code_Index.pdf |archive-date=16 February 2024 |page=8 |date=2023–24}}</ref>) is an NSG–3 category [[List of railway stations in India|Indian railway station]] in [[Salem railway division]] of [[Southern Railway zone]].<ref name="sr_stn">{{cite web |title=SOUTHERN RAILWAY LIST OF STATIONS AS ON 01.04.2023 (CATEGORY- WISE) |url=https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |website=Portal of Indian Railways |publisher=Centre For Railway Information Systems |access-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323095403/https://sr.indianrailways.gov.in/cris//uploads/files/1686913242750-SR%20-LIST%20OF%20STATIONS-2023.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2024 |page=2 |date=1 April 2023}}</ref> It is a railway station serving the city of [[Tiruppur]].

== Location and layout ==
The Tiruppur railway station is located at the heart of the Tiruppur city, at close proximity to the Old Bus Station of the city. The new bus stand located at PN road at the Northern part of the city<ref name="Bus Stand">{{cite web |url=http://tiruppurcorporation.tn.gov.in/Bus%20Stand.pdf | title=Bus | access-date=13 July 2013}}</ref> is a 10–15 minutes drive from the station. The station has two platforms and handles 137 trains.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=S. Senthil |title=‘No decision on train diversion via Podanur’ |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2024/Feb/23/no-decision-on-train-diversion-via-podanur |access-date=29 March 2024 |work=The New Indian Express |date=23 February 2024 |location=Coimbatore |language=en}}</ref>

The train station falls on the Chennai–Palakkad [[broad-gauge]] line (laid in 1983) which is fully electrified and has two tracks. Almost every daily Express train or long-distance trains has a halt in the station except for a select few such as the [[Trivandrum Mail]] and the Bangalore Kochuveli Express.

Despite Tiruppur being one of the top revenue generating stations in the Salem Division, the railway station has only 2 platforms and no starting trains from the city exist. About 30,000 passengers travel to [[Tiruppur]] per day despite not being a railway junction. As a result, Tirupur railway station is always over-crowded.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/article534236.ece| website=The Hindu| title=Inadequate infrastructure irks rail passengers in Tirupur| date= 26 July 2010| first=R. Vimal| last=Kumar}}</ref> Also most of the trains stops for only 2 mins which makes the cargo handling not at all possible.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/participatory-approach-needed-to-improve-facilities-at-tirupur-railway-station-drm/article9199947.ece|title=Participatory approach needed to improve facilities at Tirupur Railway Station: DRM|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=8 October 2016|access-date=27 November 2016}}</ref>

The nearest airport to the station is the [[Coimbatore International Airport]] situated 35 km west of the city. The nearby stations are the suburbs of [[Tiruppur Kulipalayam railway station|Kulipalayam]] towards the East and [[Vanjipalayam railway station|Vanjipalayam]] towards the West.

== Projects and development ==
It is one of the 73 stations in Tamil Nadu to be named for upgradation under ''Amrit Bharat Station Scheme'' of Indian Railways.<ref>{{cite news |title=AMRIT BHARAT STATIONS |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1897980 |access-date=6 April 2024 |work=Press Information Bureau |date=10 Feb 2023 |location=New Delhi}}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==
In 2019, the station was granted ISO–14001 certification for complying with NGT (nation Green Tribunal).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/coimbatore/5-rly-stations-in-salem-division-bag-iso-14001-certification/articleshow/70984599.cms|title=Salem junction gets ISO 14001 certification|last=ISO|first=Salem|work=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/tiruppur-tup/40 Indiarailinfo]

{{Railway stations in Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Salem railway division]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Tiruppur district]]
[[Category:Tiruppur]]

Embassy of India, Yerevan

2024-02-29T12:54:49Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Created redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of diplomatic missions of India#Asia]]

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Bhawanshahpur

2024-02-03T17:09:13Z

LatonyaBiaggini: creating!

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhawanshahpur
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Bhawanshāhpur
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map = Gauriganj block map.png
| map_caption = Map showing Bhawanshahpur (#251) in Gauriganj CD block
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.175542|N|81.647861|E|display=inline,title}}<ref name="GeoNames">{{cite web |url=https://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/ |website=Do a radial search using these coordinates here |title=Geonames Search}}</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Administrative divisions of India|Division]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Faizabad division]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Amethi district|Amethi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 1.29
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 821
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011"/>
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]], [[Urdu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhawanshahpur''' is a village in [[Gauriganj, India|Gauriganj]] block of [[Amethi district]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref name="Census 2011">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Sultanpur, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |pages=181–98 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/09/0948_PART_A_DCHB_SULTANPUR.pdf |website=Census 2011 India|access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> As of 2011, it has a population of 821 people, in 154 households.<ref name="Census 2011"/> It has no schools and no healthcare facilities and does not host a permanent market or weekly [[haat]].<ref name="Census 2011"/> It belongs to the [[nyaya panchayat]] of [[Semuai]].<ref name="Census 1991"/>

The [[1951 Census of India|1951 census]] recorded Bhawanshahpur (as "Bhawan Shahpur") as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 472 people (240 male and 232 female), in 193 households and 175 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1951">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1951: District Census Handbook Uttar Pradesh (49 - Rae Bareli District) |date=1955 |location=Allahabad |pages=94–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/843/1/52301_1951_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 335 [[acre]]s.<ref name="Census 1951"/> 95 residents were literate, all male.<ref name="Census 1951"/> The village was listed as belonging to the [[pargana]] of [[Amethi]] and the [[thana]] of Gauriganj .<ref name="Census 1951"/>

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bhawanshahpur (as "Dhawan Shahpur") as comprising 7 hamlets, with a total population of 418 people (195 male and 223 female), in 97 households and 93 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (44 - Sultanpur District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |pages=xl-xli |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1035/1/22847_1961_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was given as 335 acres.<ref name="Census 1961"/>

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Bhawanshahpur (as "Bhawan Shahpur") as having a population of 512 people, in 119 households, and having an area of 136.38 [[hectare]]s.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Rae Bareli |date=1982 |pages=90–1 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1311/1/28684_1981_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.<ref name="Census 1981"/>

The [[1991 Census of India|1991 census]] recorded Bhawanshahpur (as "Bhawan Shah Pur") as having a total population of 569 people (314 male and 255 female), in 126 households and 126 physical houses.<ref name="Census 1991">{{cite book |title=Census 1991 Series-25 Uttar Pradesh Part-XII B Village & Townwise Primary Census Abstract District Census Handbook District Raebareli |date=1992 |pages=xxiv-xxviii, 114–5 |url=http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1413/1/37121_1991_SUL.pdf |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> The area of the village was listed as 136.00 hectares.<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 67, or 12% of the total; this group was 46% male (31) and 54% female (34).<ref name="Census 1991"/> Members of [[scheduled caste]]s numbered 116, or 20% of the village's total population, while no members of [[scheduled tribes]] were recorded.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The [[literacy rate]] of the village was 24% (113 men and 8 women, counting only people age 7 and up).<ref name="Census 1991"/> 216 people were classified as main workers (208 men and 8 women), while 25 people were classified as marginal workers (1 man and 24 women); the remaining 328 residents were non-workers.<ref name="Census 1991"/> The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 156 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 58 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 0 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 0 household industry workers; 0 workers employed in other [[manufacturing]], processing, service, and repair roles; 0 [[construction worker]]s; 0 employed in trade and commerce; 0 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 2 in other services.<ref name="Census 1991"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Amethi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Amethi district]]

Jalukgaon

2024-01-20T23:51:49Z

LatonyaBiaggini: Made A Post

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
'''Jalukgaon''' (or '''Jaluk gaon''') is a small village in the [[Amguri]] town in the [[Sivasagar district|Sivasagar District]] of [[Assam]], [[India]]. It is two kilometres (1.2 miles) away from the Jhanji road (37 NO National Highway). There are 114 households in this village and a total population of 456, out of which 234 are female and 222 male.

The literacy rate of this village is adequate. There is a L.P. School (Lt. Bholanath Saikia L.P. School), a [[namghar]] in the midst of the village. The youths of this village took the initiative to build a rural library, under the leadership of Champok Kumar Dutta, who is a higher educated person of the village. As of 2011, the library, known as "PRAGATI PUTHIBHARAL", is under construction.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}}

== History ==
Jalukgoan was named after the [[Assamese language|Assamese]] word for black pepper. At one point, it held a primary role in pepper cultivation in the region.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lbxOAAAAMAAJ |title=The Indian Forester |date=1898 |publisher=R.P. Sharma |language=en}}</ref>

==People from Jaluk goan==
*[[Chandraprasad Saikia]] was born in this village
*Assamese cricketer [[Gautam Dutta]]'s father

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Assam}}

[[Category:Villages in Sivasagar district]]

Bhur Patia

2024-01-19T18:30:34Z

LatonyaBiaggini: entry

{{Short description|Village in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhur Patia
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Uttar Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Uttar Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|27.2651|N|79.26002|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mainpuri district|Mainpuri]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Bhongaon]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 0.307
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 407
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2011 A"/>
| demographics_type1 =
| demographics1_title1 =
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bhur Patia''' ({{IAST|Bhur Paṭiyā}}) is a village in [[Bewar, Mainpuri|Bewar]] block of [[Mainpuri district]], Uttar Pradesh India. As of 2011, it had a population of 407, in 55 households.

== Demographics ==
As of 2011, Bhur Patia had a population of 407, in 55 households.<ref name="Census 2011 A"/>{{rp|186}} This population was 51.4% male (209) and 48.6% female (198). The 0-6 age group numbered 52 (28 male and 24 female), or 12.8% of the total population. 1 resident was a member of a Scheduled Caste, or 0.2% of the total.<ref name="Census 2011 B">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part B (Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1259/download/4050/DH_2011_0917_PART_B_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|136-7}}

The [[1981 Census of India|1981 census]] recorded Bhur Patia (spelled as one word, "Bhurpatia") as having a population of 205 people, in 34 households.<ref name="Census 1981">{{cite book |title=Census 1981 Uttar Pradesh: District Census Handbook Part XIII-A: Village & Town Directory, District Mainpuri |date=1982 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/29484/download/32665/28516_1981_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|182-3}}

The [[1961 Census of India|1961 census]] recorded Bhur Patia (as "Bhur Patiya") as comprising 1 hamlet, with a total population of 136 people (69 male and 67 female), in 19 households and 14 physical houses. The area of the village was given as 80 acres.<ref name="Census 1961">{{cite book |title=Census 1961: District Census Handbook, Uttar Pradesh (24 - Mainpuri District) |date=1965 |location=Lucknow |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/28772/download/31954/22833_1961_MAI.pdf |access-date=25 December 2021}}</ref>{{rp|xcvi}}

== Infrastructure ==
As of 2011, Bhur Patia had 1 primary school; it did not have any healthcare facilities. Drinking water was provided by hand pump and tube well/borehole; there were no public toilets. The village did not have a post office or public library; there was at least some access to electricity for all purposes. Streets were made of ''[[Indian vernacular architecture#pucca|pakka]]'' materials.<ref name="Census 2011 A">{{cite web |title=Census of India 2011: Uttar Pradesh District Census Handbook - Mainpuri, Part A (Village and Town Directory) |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/1258/download/4046/DH_2011_0917_PART_A_DCHB_MAINPURI.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref>{{rp|186-91}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mainpuri district}}

[[Category:Villages in Mainpuri district]]

Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar

2022-06-01T18:45:17Z

LatonyaBiaggini: New the entry added tags

#REDIRECT [[Nizam of Hyderabad]]