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Swapnil Kotriwar

2026-05-06T11:13:03Z

LashayFmm33111: added a pg

[[File:Swapnil Kotriwar image.jpg|thumb|'''Swapnil Kotriwar 2026 image''']]
{{Short description|Indian Actor}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Swapnil Kotriwar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1988|10|08}}
| birth_place = [[Raigarh]], Chhattisgarh, India
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2008–present
| known_for = [[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]], [[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]], [[Rakta Charitra 2]], and [[Betaal]]
| spouse =
| children =
| parent =
| website =
| notable_works = [[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]] and [[Court Martial (2020 film)|Court Martial]]
| awards =
}}

'''Swapnil Kotriwar''' (Born October 8, 1988) is an Indian actor known for his work in [[Hindi films]] and [[television series]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapnil Kotriwar – ElCinema |url=https://elcinema.com/en/person/2267308/ |website=ElCinema |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapnil Kotriwar – Indian Film History |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/actor/swapnil-kotriwar |website=Indian Film History |access-date=6 January 2025}}</ref> He is recognized for his role in the movie [[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]], [[Court Martial (2020 film)|Court Martial]] and web series like ''[[Betaal]]'' in (2020).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court Martial – ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/court-martial/0-0-154966 |website=ZEE5 |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=ZEE5}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapnil Kiiran Kotriwar |url=https://www.cinemaparadiso.co.uk/celebrity/swapnil-kiiran-kotriwar |website=Cinema Paradiso |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=Cinema Paradiso}}</ref> His film [[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]] won two National Film Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paan Singh Tomar Bags National Award for Best Feature Film |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/paan-singh-tomar-bags-national-award-for-best-feature-film/article23097950.ece/ |website=The Hindu BusinessLine |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=The Hindu BusinessLine}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paan Singh Tomar Bags National Award for Best Film |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paan-singh-tomar-bags-national-award-for-best-film/article12389944.ece/ |website=The Hindu |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=The Hindu}}</ref> He graduated from the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD). Kotriwar is the Founder of [https://www.indiafilings.com/search/crazymoon-moving-pictures-private-limited-cin-U59131MH2025PTC448677 Crazymoon Moving Pictures Pvt Ltd], a production house involved in film production. He served as the writer director, and co-producer of the film "Machhli Jal Ki.." which was officially released on the [[JAR Pictures|Jar Picture]] Youtube channel.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2013-03-18 |title=Paan Singh Tomar wins big at National Awards |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/bollywood/story/paan-singh-tomar-wins-national-awards-for-best-film-156422-2013-03-17 |access-date=2026-05-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Swapnil was born in the city of [[Raigarh]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India. After completing his education at the [[National School of Drama]] (NSD), he began his career in the film industry and later moved to [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra, where he currently continues his work in the entertainment industry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swapnil Kothriwal – BookMyShow |url=https://in.bookmyshow.com/person/swapnil-kothriwal/1072877 |website=BookMyShow |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=BookMyShow}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ List of films and television shows by Swapnil Kotriwar
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Sunday (2008 film)|Sunday]]'' || Journalist || Film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Details - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=183 |website=Box Office India |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
|-
| 2010-18|| ''[[Crime Patrol (TV series)|Crime Patrol]]'' || || Television series<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inside Stories – Swapnil Kothriwal |url=https://www.insidestories.co.in/search/label/Swapnil%20Kothriwal |website=Inside Stories |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=Inside Stories}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Aakrosh (2010 film)|Aakrosh]]'' || Dinu || Film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Details - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=107 |website=Box Office India |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Paan Singh Tomar (film)|Paan Singh Tomar]]'' || Hanumanta Singh || Film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irrfan Khan Stars in 'Paan Singh Tomar' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/02/movies/irrfan-khan-stars-in-paan-singh-tomar.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=The New York Times}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Rakta Charitra 2]]'' || Chandu || Film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Details - Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=129 |website=Box Office India |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=Box Office India}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Betaal]]'' || Kanji || Web series<ref>{{Cite web |title=Betaal Season Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/betaal/amp_seasonreview/75946962.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
| 2020 || ''[[Court Martial (2020 film)|Court Martial]]'' || Ramchandra|| Film<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court Martial – ZEE5 |url=https://www.zee5.com/movies/details/court-martial/0-0-154966 |website=ZEE5 |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=ZEE5}}</ref>
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Chatrapathi (2023 film)|Chatrapathi]]'' || || Remake<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chatrapathi Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/chatrapathi/amp_movie_review/100175514.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=6 January 2025 |language=English |publisher=The Times of India}}</ref>
|}

== External links ==
* [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm5672582/ Swapnil Kotriwar on IMDb]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:People from Raigarh district]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Karnail Singh

2026-05-02T12:39:05Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}

'''Karnail Singh''' (born 1968)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Karnail Singh(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- SHAKUR BASTI(NORTH) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/Delhi2025/candidate.php?candidate_id=369 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref> is an Indian politician from [[Delhi]], who is serving as a member of the [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] from [[Shakur Basti Assembly constituency]] in [[North Delhi district]]. He won the [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election]] representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Shakur Basti, Delhi Assembly Election Results 2025 Highlights: BJP's Karnail Singh wins Shakur Basti with 56869 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/story/shakur-basti-delhi-assembly-election-results-2025-live-updates-aap-bjp-congress-daelb-2676381-2025-02-08 |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2025 |title=Delhi Election Results 2025: AAP's Satyendar Kumar Jain defeated by BJP's Karnail Singh in Shakur Basti |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/delhi-assembly-election-shakur-basti-election-results-satyendar-kumar-jain-aap-eci-101738922149687.html |access-date=8 February 2025 |website=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakur Basti Election Result 2025: Karnail Singh of BJP Wins, Defeats Satyendar Jain of AAP |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/shakur-basti-election-result-2025-live-updates-highlights-winner-leading-mla-margin-9218822.html |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Singh is from [[Shakur Basti Assembly constituency|Shakur Basti]], North Delhi district. He is the son of late Telu Singh. He studied Class 10 at SDM High School and passed matriculation examinations conducted by Haryana Vidyalaya Siksha Board, Sonipat in 1984. Later, he discontinued his studies.<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Singh won from [[Shakur Basti Assembly constituency]] representing the Bharatiya Janata Party in the 2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election. He polled 56,869 votes and defeated his nearest rival, sitting MLA and former minister, [[Satyendra Jain]] of the [[Aam Aadmi Party]], by a margin of 20,998 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-08 |title=Shakur Basti election results 2025: BJP's Karnail Singh leads, AAP's Satyendar Jain trails - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/india/politics/shakur-basti-election-result-2025-live-updates-satyendra-jain-karnail-singh-satish-luthra-19552163.htm |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-02-08 |title=Shakur Basti Election Results 2025 live updates: BJP's Karnail Singh beats AAP's Satyendar Jain from Shakur Basti seat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/shakur-basti-election-results-2025-live-updates-aaps-satyendra-jain-vs-bjps-karnail-singh-vs-congress-satish-luthra/articleshow/118046640.cms |access-date=2025-02-08 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Niyogi |first=Kushan |date=2025-02-08 |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2025: BJP's Karnail Singh ousts Satyender Jain from AAP Stronghold Shakur Basti |url=https://thepatriot.in/delhi-ncr/delhi-assembly-election-2025-bjps-karnail-singh-ousts-satyender-jain-from-aap-stronghold-shakur-basti-65381#google_vignette |access-date=2025-02-08 |website=The Patriot |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="5 Facts On BJP's Karnail Singh, Contesting From Shakur Basti In Delhi Polls">{{cite news |title=5 Facts On BJP's Karnail Singh, Contesting From Shakur Basti In Delhi Polls |url=https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/know-about-delhi-bjp-s-temple-cell-chief-karnail-singh-candidate-from-shakur-basti-seat-in-delhi-elections-7470956 |access-date=8 March 2025 |work= |publisher=NDTV |date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308163503/https://www.ndtv.com/delhi-news/know-about-delhi-bjp-s-temple-cell-chief-karnail-singh-candidate-from-shakur-basti-seat-in-delhi-elections-7470956 |archive-date=8 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections 2025: Meet BJP leader Karnail Singh who defeated AAP’s Satyendra Singh in Shakur Basti constituency">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections 2025: Meet BJP leader Karnail Singh who defeated AAP’s Satyendra Singh in Shakur Basti constituency |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-meet-bjp-leader-karnail-singh-who-defeated-aaps-satyendra-singh-in-shakur-basti-constituency/3743256/ |access-date=8 March 2025 |publisher=Financialexpress |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250308163939/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/delhi-assembly-elections-2025-meet-bjp-leader-karnail-singh-who-defeated-aaps-satyendra-singh-in-shakur-basti-constituency/3743256/ |archive-date=8 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Karnail}}
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]

Sangha

2026-05-01T17:40:06Z

LashayFmm33111: added details

{{Short description|Pali and Sanskrit word meaning religious community}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox Buddhist term
| title = Saṃgha
| en =
| pi = saṅgha ([[Devanagari|Dev]]: सङ्घ)
| sa = संघ
| sa-Latn = saṃgha
| bn = সংঘ
| bn-latin =
| my = သံဃာ
| my-Latn = θàɰ̃ɡà
| zh = 僧伽
| zh-Latn = sēngjiā<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdic.net/c/7/6c/105543.htm|title=zdic.net: 僧伽|access-date=1 October 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215613/http://www.zdic.net/c/7/6c/105543.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
| ja = 僧
| ja-Latn = sō
| km = (ព្រះ)សង្ឃ
| km-Latn = (preah) sang
| ko = 승가 僧伽
| ko-Latn = seungga
| mnw =
| mnw-Latn =
| shn =
| shn-Latn = sangaya
| si = සංඝයා
| si-Latn =
| ta = சங்கம்
| th = (พระ)สงฆ์
| th-Latn = (phra)song
| bo = དགེ་འདུན་
| bo-Latn = dge 'dun<ref name=Buswell-2013>{{cite book |editor1-last=Buswell |editor1-first=Robert Jr. |editor2-last=Lopez |editor2-first=Donald S. Jr. |editor1-link=Robert Buswell Jr. |editor2-link=Donald S. Lopez Jr. |title=Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism |date=2013 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=9780691157863}}</ref>
| vi = Tăng đoàn Tăng già Giáo hội 僧團 僧伽 教會
| id =
| tl = sángga ᜐᜅ᜕ᜄ
}}
[[File:RatoMonks.jpg|thumb|Monks, [[Tibetan Buddhist]] monastery, [[Rato Dratsang]], India, January 2015|right]]
{{Buddhism}}

'''Saṅgha''' or '''saṃgha''' ({{IPA|sa|sɐŋɡʱɐ|IPA}}) is a term meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community". In a political context, it was historically used to denote a governing assembly in a republic or a kingdom, and for a long time, it has been used by religious associations, including [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], [[Jainism|Jains]] and [[Sikhism|Sikhs]]. Given this history, some Buddhists have stated that the tradition of the ''sangha'' represents humanity's oldest surviving [[Democracy|democratic]] institution.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brahm|first=Ajahn|author-link=Ajahn Brahm|title=Why the Buddhist Sangha is the World's Oldest Democracy|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_JAPocOOF4|website=[[YouTube]]|date=December 14, 2017|access-date=March 27, 2022|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204141750/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_JAPocOOF4|url-status=live}}</ref>

In Buddhism, ''sangha'' refers to the [[Buddhist monasticism|monastic communities]] of ''[[bhikkhu]]'' (monks) and ''[[bhikkhuni]]'' (nuns). These communities are traditionally referred to as the ''bhikkhu-sangha'' or the ''bhikkhuni-sangha''. As a separate category, those Buddhists who have attained any of the [[four stages of enlightenment]], whether or not they are members of the monastic community, are referred to as the [[Śrāvaka#The community of disciples|''āryasaṅgha'']] ("noble Sangha").<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/triplegem.html|title=What is the Triple Gem?|publisher=www.accesstoinsight.org|access-date=21 July 2014|archive-date=30 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730060230/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/triplegem.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="accesstoinsight.org"/>

According to the [[Theravada]] school and [[Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism]], the term ''sangha'' does not refer to the community of unenlightened [[śrāvaka|sāvaka]]s (lay followers) nor does it refer to the community of Buddhists as a whole. Presumably, therefore, they reserve the use of the term ''sangha'' for individuals they regard as being enlightened. The Theravada school uses the term ''[[parisā]]'' ("assembly") or ''catuparisā'' ("fourfold assembly") to refer to the ''[[bhikkhu]]'', ''[[bhikkhunī]]'', ''[[upāsaka]]'', and ''upāsikā'' as a collective.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bhikkhu Bodhi |date=November 2010 |url=http://www.beyondthenet.net/sangha/sng_body.htm |title=Sangha |access-date=5 May 2012 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184126/http://www.beyondthenet.net/sangha/sng_body.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Bhikkhu Bodhi |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/76803484/Sangha-by-Bhikkhu-Bodhi |title=Sangha – Bhikkhu – Gautama Buddha |website=Scribd |access-date=11 September 2017 |archive-date=9 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509070443/https://www.scribd.com/doc/76803484/Sangha-by-Bhikkhu-Bodhi |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="accesstoinsight.org">[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/sangha.html Sangha] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214234811/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ptf/sangha.html |date=14 February 2015 }}. 2005–2012.</ref>

==Definitions==
In a glossary of Buddhist terms,<ref>Robinson et al. (2005). ''Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction''. Fifth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, p. 327</ref> Richard Robinson et al. define sangha as:

{{blockquote|sign=|source=|Sangha. Community. This word has two levels of meaning:
(1) on the ideal (''arya'') level, it denotes all of the Buddha’s followers, lay or ordained, who have at least attained the level of [[sotāpanna|srotāpanna]];

(2) on the conventional (''saṃvṛti'') level, it denotes the orders of the Bhikṣus and Bhikṣunis.}}

[[Mahayana]] practitioners may use the word "sangha" as a collective term for all Buddhists, but the Theravada [[Pāli Canon]] uses the word ''[[parisā]]'' (Sanskrit ''pariṣad'') for the larger Buddhist community—the monks, nuns, lay men, and lay women who have taken the [[Three Jewels|Three Refuges]]—with a few exceptions<ref>Todd Lewis, ''Buddhists: Understanding Buddhism Through the Lives of Practitioners'', Chicester, 2014, p. 30 mentions this too. An example of such a sutra is AN II.1.vii Catukka nipata, Bhandagamavaggo https://archive.today/20130222111223/http://www.what-buddha-taught.net/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/4Anguttara-Nikaya/Anguttara2/4-catukkanipata/001-bhandagamavaggo-e.html</ref> reserving "sangha" for its original use in the [[Pāli Canon]]—the ideal (''arya'') and the conventional.<ref name="accesstoinsight.org"/><ref name="Robinsonet">Robinson et al. (2005). ''Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction''. Fifth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, p. 32.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html |title=A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms |access-date=3 August 2009 |archive-date=8 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708143211/https://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{blockquote|The two meanings overlap but are not necessarily identical. Some members of the ideal Sangha are not ordained; some monastics have yet to acquire the Dharma-eye.<ref name="Robinsonet" />}}
{{blockquote|Unlike the present Sangha, the original Sangha viewed itself as following the mission laid down by the Master, viz, to go forth "…on tour for the blessing of the manyfolk, for the happiness of the manyfolk out of compassion for the world, for the welfare, the blessing, the happiness of deva and men".<ref name="SpiroMelford">Spiro, Melford: ''Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and Its Burmese Vicissitudes'' (1982). Berkeley: University of California. p. 279.</ref>}}

== Qualities of the Sangha ==
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}}
The ''Sangha'' is the third of the Three Refuges in Buddhism.<ref>Going for Refuge and Taking the Precepts, Kandy 1981, Wheel leaflet 282/284, Bhikku Bodhi, P 49 (Of the Collected Wheel publications XIX)</ref> Common over all schools is that the [[Śrāvaka#The community of disciples|''āryasaṅgha'']] is the foremost form of this third jewel. As for its recognizable contemporary forms, the interpretation of what is the Jewel is often dependent on how a school defines Sangha. In many schools, for example, monastic life is considered to provide the safest and most suitable environment for advancing toward [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] and liberation due to the temptations and vicissitudes of life in the world.

In [[Buddhism]], [[Gautama Buddha]], the [[Dharma#Buddhism|Dharma]] and the Sangha each are described as having certain characteristics. These characteristics are chanted either on a daily basis and/or on [[Uposatha]] days, depending on the school of Buddhism. In [[Theravada]] tradition they are a part of daily chanting:

The Sangha: The Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples ([[Śrāvaka|sāvaka]]s) is:
# practicing the good way (''Suppaṭipanno'')
# practicing the upright way (''Ujuppaṭipanno'')
# practicing the knowledgeable or logical way (''Ñāyappaṭipanno'')
# practicing the proper way (''Sāmīcippaṭipanno'')

That is, the [[four stages of enlightenment|four pairs]] of persons, the eight types of individuals - This Sangha of the Blessed One's disciples is:

# worthy of gifts (''Āhuneyyo'')
# worthy of hospitality (''Pāhuneyyo'')
# worthy of offerings (''Dakkhiṇeyyo'')
# worthy of reverential salutation (''Añjalikaraṇīyo'')
# the unsurpassed field of merit for the world (''Anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa'').<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tathagata.org/sites/default/files/Qualities%20of%20Triple%20Gems.pdf|title=Qualities of Triple Gems|access-date=12 October 2019|archive-date=12 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712222600/http://www.tathagata.org/sites/default/files/Qualities%20of%20Triple%20Gems.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEA6AwAAQBAJ|title=The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya|date=2005-06-10|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9780861719730|pages=579|language=en}}</ref>

== Monastic tradition ==
{{main|Buddhist monasticism}}
{{More citations needed section|date=June 2015}}
[[File:Luang Prabang Takuhatsu ルアンパバーン托鉢僧 DSCF6990.JPG|thumb|upright|''Sangha'', [[Luang Prabang]], [[Laos]]]]
The Sangha was originally established by [[Gautama Buddha]] in the fifth century BCE in order to provide a means for those who wish to practice full-time in a direct and highly disciplined way, free from the restrictions and responsibilities of the household life.<ref>Robinson et al. (2005). "Buddhist Religions: A Historical Introduction". Fifth Edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, p. 36.</ref> The Sangha also fulfils the function of preserving the Buddha's original teachings and of providing spiritual support for the Buddhist lay-community. The Sangha has historically assumed responsibility for maintaining the integrity of the doctrine as well as the translation and [[Missionary#Buddhist missions|propagation of the teachings]] of the Buddha.

The key feature of Buddhist monasticism is the adherence to the [[vinaya]] which contains an elaborate set of "227 main rules of conduct" (known as ''Patimokkha'' in Pāli) including complete chastity, eating only before noon, and not indulging in malicious or salacious talk.<ref>''Religions in the Modern World: Traditions and Transformations'', Third Edition. Linda Woodhead. P. 273</ref> Between midday and the next day, a strict life of scripture study, chanting, [[meditation]], and occasional cleaning forms most of the duties for members of the ''sangha''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duties of the Sangha |url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/duties.html#pq |author=Ajaan Lee Dhammadharo |author-link=Ajahn Lee |translator=[[Thanissaro Bhikkhu]] |date=1995 |access-date=12 December 2011 |archive-date=5 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705165440/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/duties.html#pq |url-status=live }}</ref> Transgression of rules carries penalties ranging from confession to permanent expulsion from the ''sangha''.

===Japanese monastic regulations===
[[Saichō]], the founder of the Japanese school of [[Tendai]], decided to reduce the number of rules down to about 60 based on the Bodhisattva Precepts. In the [[Kamakura]], many Japanese schools that originated in or were influenced by the Tendai such as [[Zen]], [[Pure Land Buddhism]] and [[Nichiren Buddhism]] abolished traditional ordination in favor of this new model of the monastic regulations.

===The Fourteen Precepts of the Order of Interbeing===
The [[Order of Interbeing]], established in 1964 and associated with the [[Plum Village Tradition]], has fourteen precepts observed by all monastics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.orderofinterbeing.org/about/our-history/|title=Order of Interbeing History|date=2011-07-12|work=Order of Interbeing {{!}} Tiep Hien|access-date=2017-06-17|language=en-US|archive-date=15 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015053642/https://orderofinterbeing.org/about/our-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> They were written by [[Thích Nhất Hạnh]].

===Possessions===
Monks and nuns generally own a minimum of possessions due to their ''[[samaya]]'' as renunciants, including three robes, an alms bowl, a cloth belt, a needle and thread, a razor for shaving the head, and a water filter. In practice, they often have a few additional personal possessions.

Traditionally, Buddhist monks, nuns, and novices eschew ordinary clothes and wear robes. Originally the robes were sewn together from rags and stained with earth or other available dyes. The color of modern robes varies from community to community: [[saffron (color)|saffron]] is characteristic for Theravada groups; blue, grey or brown for Mahayana Sangha members in [[Buddhism in Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[maroon]] in [[Tibetan Buddhism]], [[grey]] in [[Buddhism in Korea|Korea]], and [[black]] in [[Buddhism in Japan|Japan]].

===Attitudes regarding food and work===
[[File:Bodleian MS. Burm. a. 12 Life of the Buddha 15-18.jpg|thumb|[[Shakyamuni Buddha]] and his followers, holding begging bowls, receive offerings. An 18th-century Burmese watercolor. ]]
A Buddhist monk is a ''bhikkhu'' in [[Pali]], Sanskrit ''bhikṣu'', while a nun is a ''bhikkhuni'', Sanskrit ''bhikṣuṇī''. These words literally mean "beggar" or "one who lives by [[dāna|alms]]",<ref name=Buswell-2013/>{{RP|115}}<ref>[[Nyanatiloka]] (1988). [http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/b_f/bhikkhu.htm Buddhist dictionary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820223138/http://www.palikanon.com/english/wtb/b_f/bhikkhu.htm |date=20 August 2017 }} – ''Manual of Buddhist Terms and Doctrines'', Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. {{ISBN|9552400198}}</ref> and it was traditional in [[Early Buddhist schools|early Buddhism]] for the Sangha to go on "alms round" for food, walking or standing quietly in populated areas with alms bowls ready to receive food offerings each day. Although in the ''[[vinaya]]'' laid down by the Gautama Buddha, the ''sangha'' was not allowed to engage directly in agriculture, this later changed in some Mahayana schools when Buddhism moved to East Asia, so that in the [[East Asian cultural sphere]], the monastic community traditionally has engaged in agriculture. An emphasis on working for food is attributed to additional training guidelines laid down by a [[Chan Buddhism|Chan Buddhist]] master, [[Baizhang Huaihai]], notably the phrase, "A day without work is a day without food" ({{lang-zh|c=一日不做一日不食}}).{{quote without source|date=May 2018}}

The idea that all Buddhists, especially ''sangha'' members, practice [[vegetarianism]] is a Western misperception. In the Pali Canon, the Buddha rejected a suggestion by [[Devadatta]] to impose vegetarianism on the ''sangha''. According to the Pali Texts, the Buddha ate meat as long as the animal was not killed specifically for him. The [[Pāli Canon]] allowed Sangha members to eat whatever food is donated to them by laypeople, except that they may not eat meat if they know or suspect the animal was killed specifically for them. Consequently, the Theravada tradition does not practice strict vegetarianism, although an individual may do so as his or her personal choice.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091010224643/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/bfaq.html#veggie#pg]</ref>

Both Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions vary depending on their interpretation of their scriptures. In some [[Mahayana sutras]], meat-eating is strongly discouraged and it is stated that the Buddha did not eat meat. In particular, East Asian ''sangha'' members take on the [[Bodhisattva Precepts#Brahma Net Sutra|Bodhisattva Precepts]] originating in the ''[[Brahmajāla Sūtra]]'', which has a vow of vegetarianism as part of the Triple Platform Ordination, where they receive the three sets of vows: [[samanera|śrāmaṇera]]/[[śrāmaṇerī]] (novitiate), monastic, and then the ''Brahmajāla Sūtra'' Bodhisattva Precepts, whereas the Tibetan lineages transmit a [[Bodhisattva Precepts#Bodhisattvabhumi|tradition of Bodhisattva Precepts]] from [[Asanga]]'s ''[[Yogacarabhumi-sastra|Yogācārabhūmi-Śāstra]]'', which do not include a vow of vegetarianism.

According to Mahayana sutras, [[Shakyamuni Buddha]] always maintained that lay persons were capable of great wisdom and of reaching enlightenment. In some areas there has been a misconception that Theravada regards enlightenment to be an impossible goal for those outside the ''sangha'', but in Theravada suttas it is clearly recorded that the Buddha's uncle, a lay follower, reached enlightenment by hearing the Buddha's discourse, and there are many other such instances described in the Pāli Canon. Accordingly, emphasis on lay persons, as well as Sangha members, practicing the Buddhist path of morality, meditation, and wisdom is present in all major Buddhist schools.

==The ''Sangha'' as any Buddhist community==
[[File:Three Ancestors Temple - nigu.JPG|thumb|[[Upāsaka and Upāsikā|Upāsakas and Upāsikās]] performing a short chanting ceremony at Three Ancestors Temple, [[Anhui]], China]]
Some liberal scholars opine that ''sangha'' is frequently (and according to them, mistakenly) used in the West to refer to any sort of Buddhist community.<ref>''The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction'' (fourth edition) by R. H. Robinson & W. L. Johnson (Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1997), p. 307.</ref>

* The terms ''[[Parisā]]'' and ''[[gana|Gaṇa]]'' are suggested as being more appropriate references to a wider and generalized community of Buddhists. ''Pariṣā'' means "following" and it refers to the four groups of the Buddha's followers: monks, nuns, laymen and laywomen.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html#pq|title=A Glossary of Pali and Buddhist Terms|website=www.accesstoinsight.org|access-date=3 August 2009|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708143211/https://www.accesstoinsight.org/glossary.html#pq|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The Sanskrit term ''gana'' has meanings of "flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class", and is usable as well in more mundane senses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Ga%E1%B9%87a|title=Gaṇa – Hindupedia, the Hindu Encyclopedia|website=www.hindupedia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-31|archive-date=1 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201075410/http://www.hindupedia.com/en/Ga%E1%B9%87a|url-status=live}}</ref>

==In Nichiren Buddhism==
Accordingly, the [[Nichiren Shōshū]] sect maintains the [[tradition]]alist definition of the ''sangha'' as the Head Temple [[Taisekiji]] priesthood collective as the sole custodians and arbiters of Buddhist doctrine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml|title=Religions – Buddhism: Nichiren Buddhism|website=bbc.co.uk|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-date=6 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106083318/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/subdivisions/nichiren_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Seager|first1=Richard Hughes|title=Buddhism in America|date=2012|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=9780231159739|page=106|edition=Rev. and expanded|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ex4pG4KuW1MC&q=%22nichiren+shoshu%22+sangha&pg=PA106|access-date=20 October 2020|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020124509/https://books.google.com/books?id=ex4pG4KuW1MC&q=%22nichiren+shoshu%22+sangha&pg=PA106|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Soka Gakkai]], a [[new religious movement]] which began as a lay organization previously associated with Nichiren Shōshū in Japan, disputes the traditional definition of sangha. The organization interprets the meaning of the Three Jewels of Buddhism, in particular the "treasure of the Sangha", to include all people who practice Buddhism according to its own interpretation within their organization, whether lay or clerical. After its formal expulsion from its parent religion in December 1991 due to conflicts of religious doctrine, the organization re—published newer literature which revised the terms such as "Treasure of the Priesthood" to "The Buddhist Order".<ref>Hurst, Jane (2000). Global Citizens, "A Buddhist Reformation in the 20th Century: Causes and Implications of the Conflict between the Soka Gakkai and the Nichiren Shoshu Priesthood". p. 79</ref><ref>{{Cite book | last = The English Buddhist Dictionary Committee | title = The Soka Gakkai Dictionary of Buddhism | publisher = Motilal Banarsidass | year = 2009 | location = Delhi | url = http://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/S/25 | isbn = 9788120833340 | access-date = 22 May 2017 | archive-date = 19 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170719123949/http://www.nichirenlibrary.org/en/dic/Content/S/25 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Some modernist sects of [[Nichiren-shu]] holds a position that any Buddhist community is also called Sangha,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Arai|first1=Nissatsu|title=Outlines of the Doctrine of the Nichiren Sect|date=1893|publisher=Central Office of the Nichiren Sect|location=Tokyo, Japan|page=18|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=WE0uAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PT1|quote=The Holy Book says: "We ought to know that this place is the Kaidan." This means that whatever a place, where we practice the doctrines of the Holy Book, is fit for a "Kaidan." If it is fit for a "Kaidan," it is inhabited by all Buddhas. Such is the nature of the "Kaidan" taught by our Sect.|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160002/https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=WE0uAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=en&pg=GBS.PT1|url-status=live}}</ref> along with both liberal and progressive Mahayana lay movements as well claiming this new definition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://plumvillage.org/mindfulness-practice/taking-refuge|title=Taking Refuge|date=15 December 2012|website=plumvillage.org|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=7 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707122130/https://plumvillage.org/mindfulness-practice/taking-refuge/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thebuddhistcentre.com/text/three-jewels|title=Three Jewels - The Buddhist Centre|website=thebuddhistcentre.com|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714055435/https://thebuddhistcentre.com/text/three-jewels|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zen-buddhism.net/buddhist-principles/three-jewels.html|title=The Three Jewels of Buddhism – ZEN BUDDHISM|last=www.zen-buddhism.net|website=www.zen-buddhism.net|access-date=22 May 2017|archive-date=22 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522005719/http://www.zen-buddhism.net/buddhist-principles/three-jewels.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Bhikkhu]]
* [[Bhikkhuni]]
* [[Buddhamitra]]
* [[Buddhism and democracy]]
* [[Buddhist monasticism]]
* [[Monastery]]
* [[Monastic]]
* [[Monasticism]]
* [[Ngagpa]]
* [[Pabbajja]]
* [[Sanga Monastery]]
* [[Sangha (Jainism)]]
* [[Satsang]]
* [[Upasampada]]
* [[World Buddhist Sangha Council]]
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|editor-last=Buswell|editor-first=Robert E.|title=Encyclopedia of Buddhism |url= https://archive.org/details/encyclopediabudd00busw_933|url-access=limited|publisher=Macmillan Reference USA|year=2004|isbn=0-02-865718-7 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/encyclopediabudd00busw_933/page/n767 740]–744}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20011126134530/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/modern/ariyesako/layguide.html "The Bhikkhus' Rules, A Guide for Laypeople"] by Bhikkhu Ariyesako (archived 26 November 2001)
*[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/thai/lee/duties.html "Duties of the Sangha"] by Ajaan Lee Dhammadharo
{{Buddhism topics}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Buddhist monasticism| ]]
[[Category:Sanskrit words and phrases]]
[[Category:Women's rights in religious movements]]
[[Category:Religious identity]]

Suresh Babu (screenwriter)

2026-04-30T14:41:04Z

LashayFmm33111: added new post...

{{short description|Indian film screenwriter and artist}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name = S Suresh Babu
| image = S-suresh-babu-screenwriter.jpg
| caption = S Suresh Babu

| birth_place = [[Vallamkulam]], [[Pathanamthitta]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation = {{hlist|[[screenwriter]]|[[Artist]]}}
| years_active = 2005–present
| alma mater = {{ubl|[[College of Fine Arts Trivandrum|Fine Arts College, Thiruvanathapuram]]|[[Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla]]}}
| spouse = Sindhu K Suresh
| children =
}}
'''S Suresh Babu''' is an Indian film screenwriter and artist who predominantly works in [[Malayalam cinema]].
He made his debut as a writer in the movie Dada Sahib in the year 2000, with Director Vinayan and actor Mammootty. Since then, he has worked on movies like Shikkar (2010), Thiruvambadi Thamban (2012), Nadan (2013), Jalam (2016) and Oruthee (2022). The movie [[Oruthee]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0Km_CldHh4 |title=ഒരു ക്ലീഷേക്കും പിറകെ പോകാന്‍ 'ഒരുത്തീ'ക്ക് നേരമില്ല S Suresh Babu, Oruthee, The Cue|website=[[YouTube]] |date=20 March 2022 }}</ref> acted by [[Navya Nair]] marked her return to Malayalam cinema after 10 years and it was a commercial success.

==Career==
Suresh Babu, an alumnus of the College of Fine Arts in Trivandrum, commenced his career as a columnist and writer with leading Malayalam newspapers and magazines. His foray into Malayalam cinema dates back over three decades to the year 1990 when he made his debut as an art director in the film [[Vembanad (film)|Vembanad]], directed by [[Kaviyoor Sivaprasad]] and featuring the iconic Malayalam actress, Ms. [[Jayabharathi]] in the lead role. This experimental film without dialogues won [[Kerala State Film Award – Special Jury Award]] in 1990. This movie also boasts the involvement of renowned Indian film professionals; cinematography is done by Ashwini Kaul,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashwini Kaul|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1232953/ |website=imdb }}</ref> editing by [[Renu Saluja]] and music by [[Louis Banks]].

Since then, Suresh has contributed significantly to the Malayalam film industry, scripting and screenwriting numerous commercial blockbusters<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movieslist.php?sp=7917 |title=List of Malayalam Movies screenplay written by S Suresh Babu}}</ref> alongside renowned directors and producers. Some of his notable works include [[Dada Sahib]] with [[Mammootty]], [[Shikkar]], [[Thandavam]] and [[Kanal (2015 film)|Kanal]], with [[Mohanlal]], [[Nadan]], [[Thiruvambadi Thamban]], and [[Sir C. P.|Sir C.P]] with [[Jayaram]], [[The Filmstaar|Film Star]], [[The Reporter (film)|The Reporter]], [[Jalam (film)|Jalam]], [[Oruthee]] and [[Live (2023 film)|Live]].

In addition to his achievements in filmmaking, Suresh Babu has earned acclaim in the industry, receiving the Film Critics award for best writer for the film-related article. With a career spanning over three decades, Suresh ventures into the world of film production as well.<ref>{{cite news |title=S Suresh Babu ventures into production; six films announced |url=
https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/interviews/2023/jan/06/s-suresh-babu-ventures-into-production-six-films-announced-38453.html |access-date=2023-01-06|website=cinemaexpress |language=en}}</ref>

==As an Artist==
In addition to his career in the film industry, Suresh Babu has also gained recognition as an accomplished illustrator. He collaborated with prestigious Malayalam magazines, including Mangalam, [[Vanitha]], and D.C. Books (Printed Magazines).

Suresh Babu is a curated painter in his own right, and his artworks have found their way into the boardrooms, lobbies, and drawing rooms of various corporate companies and heritage hotels across Kerala. One of his most acclaimed projects consisted of a series of 100 paintings depicting the history of the Travancore Kingdom, which are displayed at the Travancore Hotel in Cochin.

As a specialist in caricature art, Suresh Babu's most renowned collection features 75 caricatures of the living legend of Indian cinema, the superstar of the Malayalam industry, Mr Mohanlal. These caricatures are based on the defining characters portrayed by Mohanlal during his four-decade career. In tribute to this iconic actor, Malayala Manorama launched an online mobile app<ref>{{Cite web |title=Veshangal- The Lives of an Actor - മോഹൻലാൽ|url=https://specials.manoramaonline.com/Mobile/2017/the-complete-actor-contest/index.html |access-date=2017-08-10 |website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref> named "VESl" (which stands for "Roles & Looks of Life"), showcasing his most celebrated characters, filmography, Suresh Babu's caricatures of his cinematic roles.

He also worked as Freelance Columnist in [[Chithrabhumi]], [[Mathrubhumi Weekly|Mathrubhumi]], [[Madhyamam Weekly|Madhyamam]] and [[Deepika_(newspaper)|Rashtra
Deepika Cinema]].

==Early life==
Suresh Babu was born in Vallamkulam, Pathanamthitta.
He attended National High School, Vallamkulam, and completed his pre-degree education at [[Mar Thoma College, Tiruvalla]] and later graduated with a bachelor's degree in Fine Arts from Fine Arts College, Thiruvanathapuram in 1991.

==Personal life==
Suresh Babu is married to Sindhu. K Suresh and they have two children.

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Year
! rowspan="2"|Title
! rowspan="2"|Director
! colspan="3"|Credited as
! rowspan="2"|Notes
|-
! Story
! Screenplay
! Dialogue
|-
| 2000 || ''[[Dada Sahib]]'' || [[Vinayan]] ||{{No}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2002 || ''[[Thandavam]]'' || [[Shaji Kailas]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2005 || ''[[Five Fingers (2005 film)|Five Fingers]]'' || Sanjeev Raj || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2008 || ''[[Swarnam]]'' || Venugopan || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2009 || ''Swapnamaalika'' || KA Devarajan || {{No}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2010 || ''[[Shikkar]]'' || [[M Padmakumar]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Filmstaar]]'' || Sanjeev Raj || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2012 || ''[[Thiruvambadi Thampan]]'' || [[M Padmakumar]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Nadan]]'' || [[Kamal (director)|Kamal]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title='Nadan' review: Kamal succeeds in portraying troubles dogging theatre|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131124/entertainment-movie-reviews/article/nadan-review-kamal-succeeds-portraying-troubles-dogging |access-date=2013-11-24 |website=Deccanchronicle|date=24 November 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 | 2015 || ''[[The Reporter (film)|The Reporter]]'' || Venugopan || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| ''[[Sir C. P.|Sir CP]]'' || [[Shajoon Karyal]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{cite news |title=Sir C P Movie Review|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/sir-c-p/movie-review/47315552.cms|access-date=2015-04-24|website=Timesofindia|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kanal (2015 film)|Kanal]]'' || [[M Padmakumar]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=
'Kanal': An ember out in the cold|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/kanal-malayalam-movie-review-mohanlal-anoop-menon-honey-rose-padmakumar.html |access-date=2015-10-22 |website=Onmanorama|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Jalam (film)|Jalam]]'' || [[M Padmakumar]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Oruthee]]'' || [[V. K. Prakash]] || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | 2023 || ''[[Live (2023 film)|Live]]'' || V. K. Prakash || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| ''Manoharanum Janakiyum'' || Suresh Babu || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || Announced <ref>{{cite news |title=അഭിനേതാക്കൾക്ക് പുറമേ സാങ്കേതിക വിദഗ്ധരെയും തേടി മനോഹരനും ജാനകിയും |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2023/01/12/manoharanum-janakiyum-movie.html |access-date=2023-01-06|website=ManoramaOnline |language=ml}}</ref>
|-
| 2024 || ''Arabikkadalinte Rani'' || M Padmakumar, Suresh Babu || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} ||
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Pallichattambi]]'' || [[Dijo Jose Antony]] || {{yes}} || {{No}} || {{No}} ||<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-23 |title=Pallichattambi teaser: Tovino Thomas fights oppression in 1950s-set period action drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/malayalam/news/2026/Mar/23/pallichattambi-teaser-tovino-thomas-fights-oppression-in-1950s-set-period-action-drama |access-date=2026-04-30 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|}

==Awards==
[[National Council of Educational Research and Training|NCERT]] National award for best Illustrator in 1998.

State Award for best Illustrator for Children.

Bhima balasahithya award for best Children's Illustration in 1967 and 1996.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|2572228}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:S Suresh Babu}}
[[Category:Malayalam film directors]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Malayalam screenwriters]]
[[Category:1967 births]]
[[Category:Kannada screenwriters]]
[[Category:People from Muvattupuzha]]
[[Category:Writers from Ernakulam district]]
[[Category:Tamil screenwriters]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kochi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Kochi]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian screenwriters]]

Anshul Kothari

2026-04-29T11:17:25Z

LashayFmm33111: started new details...

{{Short description|Indian swimmer (born 1989)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| name = Anshul Kothari
| image = Anshul Kothari.jpg
| caption = Kothari, after winning a gold medal in 4x100 Freestyle relay at the 8th Asian age group Championships, Bangkok.
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|12|17|df=y}}
| nationality =
| national_team = {{flagIOC|IND}}
| education = {{ubl|[[NIT Surat]] (B.Tech.)|[[Indian School of Business]], Hyderabad (MBA)}}
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]]
| height = 191 cm
| medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry | {{IND}} }}
{{MedalSport| [[Swimming (sport)|Swimming]]}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Swimming at the 2016 South Asian Games|4 x 100 m Medley]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Swimming at the 2016 South Asian Games|50 m Butterfly]]}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2016 South Asian Games|2016 Guwahati]]|[[Swimming at the 2016 South Asian Games|4 x 100 m Freestyle]]}}
}}
'''Anshul Ketan Kothari''' (born 17 December 1989) is an Indian [[Swimming (sport)|competitive swimmer]] who has represented [[India]] in [[Commonwealth Games]] and [[Asian Games]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/sports/local-sports/a-dream-in-his-eyes/articleshow/65392724.cms|title=A dream in his eyes|date=2018-08-14|newspaper=Ahmedabad Mirror|language=en-IN|access-date=2018-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bookofachievers.com/articles/man-from-gujarat-creates-a-name-for-himself-as-the-swimmer-who-will-never-drown-out-in-history|title=Man from Gujarat creates a name for himself as the swimmer who will never drown out in history|date=2017-02-20|work=bookofachievers.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-02-20}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Kothari was diagnosed with a severe [[flat feet]] condition at age of 4.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/having-booted-out-flat-feet-anshul-sets-sight-on-tokyo-2020/article19464367.ece|title=Having booted out flatfeet|date=2017-08-10|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|access-date=2017-08-10}}</ref> Kothari has done his graduation from [[Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat|Sardar Vallabbhai National Institute of Technology]], Surat and an MBA from the [[Indian School of Business]], Hyderabad.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/sports-special/family-value-support-system-of-sportspersons/53683/1|title=Family value|date=2019-05-25|work=forbesindia.com}}</ref>

== Swimming career ==
Kothari has represented India at [[2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games 2010]], [[2010 Asian Games|Asian Games 2010]], [[2014 Asian Games|Asian Games 2014]] and [[2018 Asian Games|Asian Games 2018]].

=== 19th Commonwealth Games 2010 ===
Kothari represented India at the Commonwealth Games held at [[New Delhi]]. He swam in 50,100 m freestyle and also 4 × 100 m freestyle events. He swam the third leg in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay which made history by qualifying for the finals for the first time in the history. The Indian 4 × 100 m freestyle relay quartet stood 6th in the finals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/indian-mens-swimming-quartet-makes-history/article812739.ece|title=Indian men's swimming quartet makes history|date=2010-10-04|newspaper=The Hindu|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/story/aussies-rule-the-pool-as-sa-join-the-party-too-83176-2010-10-05 |title=Indian freestyle relay team makes history|date=2010-10-05|work=indiatoday.in|access-date=2010-10-05|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=
https://www.dnaindia.com/sports/report-australia-make-a-big-splash-at-commonwealth-games-1447639 |title=Indian freestyle relay team qualifies for finals for first time|date=2010-10-05|work=dnaindia.com|access-date=2010-10-05|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== National Championships 2011 ===
Kothari in the year 2011 ended a two decade gold drought for his state Gujarat by finishing at 1st position in the 50 m freestyle event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-swimming-anshul-helps-gujarat-end-gold-drought-1615115|title=Swimming: Anshul helps Gujarat end gold drought {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=2011-11-20|language=en-US|access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref>

=== 34th National Games 2011 ===
At the 34th [[National Games of India|National Games]] 2011 held at [[Ranchi, Jharkhand]] he won a total of two individual medals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F02%2F18&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T&PageLabel=20&EntityId=Ar02001&AppName=1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828042654/http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIA%2F2011%2F02%2F18&ViewMode=HTML&GZ=T&PageLabel=20&EntityId=Ar02001&AppName=1|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 August 2016|title=NATIONAL GAMES Anshul bags silver}}</ref>

=== Asian Age Group Championships ===
Kothari was part of the gold medal winning teams in 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay at Asian Age group Championships in both 2011 and 2015 editions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/197103/indian-swimmers-bag-3-gold.html|title=India bags 3 gold at Asian Age Group Championship 2011|date=2011-10-11|access-date=2011-10-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/junior-swimmers-vedant-maana-win-gold-medals-477887-2015-10-05|title=Asian Age Group Championship 2015|date=2015-10-05|work=indiatoday.in|access-date=2015-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/swimming/exemplary-indian-swimming-team-win-gold-asian-age-group-championship|title=Exemplary Indian swimming team win gold medal at Asian Age Group Championship |date=2015-10-02|access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref>

=== 17th Asian Games 2014 ===
He swam in 50 m freestyle, 50 m butterfly and also the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay events. He finished at 14th position in 50
 m Butterfly and 20th position in 50 m Freestyle. In the 4x100 freestyle relay, Kothari swam the lead off leg and the team finished at 6th position in the finals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/indias-Kothari-kothari-prepares-to-compete-in-the-heats-for-news-photo/456053788|title=India's Anshul Kothari prepares to compete in the heats for the men's 50 m butterfly swimming event during the 17th Asian Games at the Munhak Park Tae-hwan Aquatics Centre in Incheon on September 25... Pictures {{!}} Getty Images|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-18}}</ref>

=== 70th Senior National Aquatics Championships 2016 ===
Kothari, along with the Gujarat swimming team won the gold medal and set a national record in 4 x 50m Mixed Medley Relay event with the timing of 01:53.42.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://swimindia.in/records-and-relay-results-at-the-70th-glenmark-senior-national-aquatic-championships-2016-ranchi|title=Records and Relay Results at the 70th Glenmark Senior National Aquatic Championships – 2016, Ranchi|last=Swimindia|website=SwimIndia – Swim Meets, Events, Results, Performance Analysis, Diet Tips|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>

Kothari also won a gold medal in 50m Butterfly with the timing of 00:24.93, silver medal in 100m Freestyle with the timing of 00:51.94, silver medal in 50m Freestyle with the timing of 00:23.31, and bronze medal in 4x50m mixed freestyle relay event.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://swimindia.in/swimmers/achievements/Anshul%2520Kothari/2397|title=SwimIndia – Swimmers Profile|last=Swimindia|website=SwimIndia – Swim Meets, Events, Results, Performance Analysis, Diet Tips|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com/sports/others/Anshul-makes-a-welcome-return-to-state/amp_articleshow/53815790.cms|title=Anshul makes a welcome return to state – Ahmedabad Mirror|website=ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com|language=en|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://swimindia.in/swimmers/Anshul%20Kothari|title=SwimIndia – Swimmers Profile|last=Swimindia|website=SwimIndia – Swim Meets, Events, Results, Performance Analysis, Diet Tips|language=en|access-date=2017-02-21}}</ref>

=== 12th South Asian Games 2016 ===
Kothari won a gold medal in 4 × 100 m medley relay, silver medal in 50 m butterfly, and silver medal in 4 × 100 m freestyle relay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/other-sports/swimmers-grab-five-more-gold-medals-on-final-day-at-south-asian-games-1201599.html |title=Swimmers grab five more gold on final day at South Asian Games|date=2016-02-10|work=news18.com|access-date=2016-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/528193/shraddha-wins-medley-gold-khade.html |title= South Asian Games 2016|date=2016-02-11|work=deccanherald.com|access-date=2016-02-11}}</ref>

=== 9th Asian Age Group Championship, Uzbekistan 2017 ===
Kothari won a silver medal in 50m butterfly event with the timing of 00:24.84, and a bronze medal in 50m freestyle event with the timing of 00:23.28.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://swimindia.in/results-of-9th-asian-age-group-championship-uzbekistan|title=Results of the 9th Asian Age Group Championship- 2017, Uzbekistan|last=Swimindia|website=SwimIndia – Swim Meets, Events, Results, Performance Analysis, Diet Tips|language=en|access-date=2017-09-14}}</ref>

He also won a silver medal in 4x100 Mixed FS Relay event (along with his teammates Sahil Chopra, [[Damini Gowda]], and [[Shivani Kataria]]), and a bronze medal in 4X200m Relay FS event (along with his teammates Avinash Mani, Sahil Chopra, [[Sajan Prakash]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/sport-others/indian-swimmers-win-47-medals-at-asian-aquatic-championship-4842557/|title=Indian swimmers win 47 medals at Asian aquatic championship|date=2017-09-14|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiatimes.com/sports/indian-swimmers-make-the-country-proud-win-eight-gold-medals-at-the-asian-aquatic-championship-329726.html|title=Indian Swimmers Make The Country Proud, Win Eight Gold Medals At The Asian Aquatic Championship|work=indiatimes.com|access-date=2017-09-14|language=en}}</ref>

=== 18th Asian Games 2018 ===
Kothari participated in the 4x100 m freestyle relay, Kothari swam the second leg and the team finished at 8th position in the finals creating a new Indian record in the morning heats.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sportstarlive.com/asian-games-2018/indian-freestyle-relay-team-breaks-national-record/article24754081.ece |title=Indian freestyle relay team breaks national record|date=2018-08-22|work=sportstarlive.com|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/live/asian-games-2018-swimming-sajan-prakash-in-action-day-4-live-score-latest-updates-results|title=Indian freestyle relay final results|date=2018-08-22|work=sportskeeda.com|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/asian-games/news/2018/aug/22/asian-games-indian-team-in-mens-4x100m-freestyle-relay-finals-1861208.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122001732/https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/asian-games/news/2018/aug/22/asian-games-indian-team-in-mens-4x100m-freestyle-relay-finals-1861208.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 January 2021|title=Indian 4x100 men's freestyle relay in finals |date=2018-08-22|work=newindianexpress.com|access-date=2018-08-22|language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothari, Anshul}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Indian male swimmers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Swimmers from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 2010 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 2014 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 2018 Asian Games]]
[[Category:Asian Games swimmers for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games silver medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games medalists in swimming]]
[[Category:Swimmers at the 2010 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games swimmers for India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian School of Business alumni]]

Mount Everest in 2016

2026-04-27T23:29:46Z

LashayFmm33111: made some post v1

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
[[File:Mt.Everest.jpg|thumb|Mount Everest, May 2016, with Nuptse and Lhotse peaks to the upper right]]{{Short description|Mount Everest climbing season}}
'''Mount Everest in 2016''' covers events about [[Mount Everest]], the highest mountain on Earth located in [[Nepal]] and [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Chinese Tibet]] in Asia. It is a popular climbing destination for extreme high altitude climbers, with several hundred climbing each year despite various dangers.

==Summary==
[[File:ISS004E8852 everest.jpg|thumb|Mount Everest as seen from the [[International Space Station|ISS]]]]
The Nepal Department of Tourism said by June 2016 that about 456 people made it to the summit of Mount Everest, including 45 women.<ref name="thehimalayantimes1"/> They noted some good summit windows, and on one day, 19 May 2016, 209 climbers made it to the summit.<ref name="thehimalayantimes1">{{cite news|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/mt-everest-records-456-south-summits-five-deaths/ |title= Mt Everest records 456 south summits, five deaths |work=The Himalayan Times |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> By 11 May 2016 the lines were fixed on the south side of Everest, after which several hundred climbers would make it up in the critical weather windows.<ref name="JT-20160526">{{cite news |title=19-year-old becomes youngest Japanese to climb Mount Everest |url= https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/05/26/national/19-year-old-becomes-youngest-japanese-climb-mount-everest/#.V21ouxKeZ_5 |access-date= 31 January 2017 |work=Japan Times |agency=Kyodo |date= 26 May 2016}}</ref> Alan Arnette published his Everest report by year end, based on results for the now 93-year-old [[Elizabeth Hawley]], which were released in December 2016.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web|url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2016/12/30/everest-by-the-numbers-2017-edition/|title=Everest by the Numbers: 2017 Edition|date=30 December 2016|website=alanarnette.com|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> For 2016 her records indicate 641 made it to the summit early 2016.<ref name="ReferenceC"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.himalayandatabase.com/2016%20Season%20Lists/2016%20Spring%20A16.html|title=Himalayan Database Expedition Archives of Elizabeth Hawley|website=www.himalayandatabase.com|access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="float:left; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em;"
|+Annual count of summiters
|-
!Year
!Summiters
!Reference(s)
|-
|[[Mount Everest in 2012|2012]]
|547 
|<ref name="NG - Maxed Out on Everest2">{{cite web |title=Everest Maxed Out |url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/06/125-everest-maxed-out/jenkins-text |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607230858/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/06/125-everest-maxed-out/jenkins-text |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |accessdate=29 May 2016 |publisher=ngm.nationalgeographic.com}}</ref>
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[Mount Everest in 2013|2013]]
|658
|<ref name="alanarnette3">{{cite web |title=Everest 2013: Season Recap: Summits, Records and Fights |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2013/06/03/everest-2013-season-recap/ |accessdate=29 May 2016 |publisher=alanarnette.com}}</ref>
|-
|[[2014 Mount Everest ice avalanche|2014]]
|106
|<ref name="alanarnette22">{{cite web |date=2014-06-09 |title=Everest 2014: Season Summary – A Nepal Tragedy |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2014/06/09/everest-2014-season-summary-nepal-tragedy/ |accessdate=29 May 2016 |publisher=alanarnette.com}}</ref>
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|[[2015 Mount Everest avalanches|2015]]
|0
|<ref name="washingtonpost2">{{cite news |author=Peter Holley |date=12 January 2016 |title=For the first time in four decades, nobody made it to the top of Mount Everest last year |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/01/12/for-the-first-time-in-42-years-nobody-made-it-to-the-top-of-mount-everest-last-year/ |accessdate=29 May 2016 |newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref>
|- style="background: red; color: white"
|2016
|641
| <ref>{{cite web |date=30 December 2016 |title=Everest by the Numbers: 2017 Edition |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2016/12/30/everest-by-the-numbers-2017-edition/ |accessdate=24 May 2017 |publisher=The Blog on alanarnette.com}}</ref>
|-
||[[Mount Everest in 2017|2017]]
|648
| <ref name="telegraph.co.uk1">{{cite web |title=Is it time to ban Western travellers – and their egos – from Mount Everest? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/comment/should-we-stop-climbing-everest/}}</ref>
|-
||[[Mount Everest in 2018|2018]]
|807
|<ref name=":0x2">{{Cite web |date=25 May 2018 |title=Everest 2018: Season Summary – Record Weather, Record Summits |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2018/05/24/everest-2018-season-summary-record-weather-record-summits/ |access-date=22 January 2019 |website=The Blog on alanarnette.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Arnette |first=Alan |date=4 April 2019 |title=What to Watch for on Everest This Year |url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2393183/mount-everest-2019-preview |access-date=10 April 2019 |website=Outside Online |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 2019
|891
|<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=How Mount Everest's Deadly Season Compares to Past Years |url=https://time.com/5604758/mount-everest-deaths/ |access-date=2020-09-19 |magazine=Time}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|0
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-03-13 |title=COVID-19 shuts down Everest |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/2020/03/will-coronavirus-shut-down-everest/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314191538/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/2020/03/will-coronavirus-shut-down-everest/ |archive-date=March 14, 2020 |access-date=2020-09-19 |website=Adventure |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2021
|over 600
|<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Pvt.Ltd |first=Himalayan Recreation Treks & Expedition |title=Mount Everest Climbers: Total Summit Count and Yearly Stats |url=https://www.himalayanrecreation.com/blog/how-many-people-have-climbed-mount-everest |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=www.himalayanrecreation.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2022
|approx. 678
|<ref name=":03" />
|-
|2023
|over 670
|<ref name=":03" />
|-
|2024
|over 860
|<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurung |first=Mukunda |date=2025-07-26 |title=How Many People Climb Mount Everest Each Year? |url=https://mountainroutes.com/how-many-people-climb-mount-everest-each-year/ |access-date=2025-11-07 |website=Mountain Routes |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
|2025
|
|
|}
{{clear}}
2013 set a record for most summiters in a year, around 667, not surpassed until 2018 when around 800 summited the peak.<ref name=":0x">{{Cite web|url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2018/05/24/everest-2018-season-summary-record-weather-record-summits/|title=Everest 2018: Season Summary – Record Weather, Record Summits|date=25 May 2018|website=The Blog on alanarnette.com|language=en-US|access-date=22 January 2019}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.outsideonline.com/2393183/mount-everest-2019-preview|title=What to Watch for on Everest This Year|last=Arnette|first=Alan|date=4 April 2019|website=Outside Online|language=en|access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>

==Spring 2016 climbing season==
{| class="infobox" style="width:300px"
|+ Typical Nepal camp altitudes<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mounteverest.net/expguide/route.htm|title=The route - climbers guide to Everest|website=www.mounteverest.net|access-date=24 May 2017}}</ref>
! scope=col | Location
! scope=col colspan=2 | Altitude (km)
|-
! Base camp 5400 m / 17700 ft.
| {{bartable|5.4||10}}
|-
! Camp 1 6100 m / 20000 ft.
| {{bartable|6.1||10}}
|-
! Camp 2 6400 m / 21000 ft.
| {{bartable|6.4||10}}
|-
! Camp 3 6800m / 22300 ft.
| {{bartable|6.8||10}}
|-
! Camp 4 8000 m / 26000 ft.
| {{bartable|8||10}}
|-
! Summit 8850 m / 29035 ft.
| {{bartable|8.8||10}}
|}
On 11 May 2016, nine Sherpas summited Mount Everest. The next day another six persons reached the top.<ref name="theweek.com">{{cite web|url= https://theweek.com/speedreads/623932/climbers-reach-mount-everest-summit-first-time-2-years |title= Climbers reach Mount Everest summit for the first time in 2 years}}</ref> These were the first summitings since 2014, when 106 made it to the top.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.alanarnette.com/blog/2014/06/09/everest-2014-season-summary-nepal-tragedy/ |title= Everest 2014: Season Summary – A Nepal Tragedy |website= Alanarnette.com |format=Blog |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> By 13 May, 42 climbers had reached the summit<ref>{{cite news |url= https://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2016-05-13/27-mountaineers-including-13-nepalis-scale-mt-everest.html |title= 27 mountaineers, including 13 Nepalis, scale Mt Everest |work= Kathmandu Post}}</ref> and by 22 May, good weather had allowed over 400 climbers to reach the summit. However, about 30 climbers developed frostbite or became sick, and two climbers died from what was reported as possible [[altitude sickness]].<ref name=indiant>{{cite news |title=After 2 deaths, 30 others frostbitten or sick on Everest |url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/After-2-deaths-30-others-frostbitten-or-sick-on-Everest/articleshow/52385993.cms |work= Times of India |issue= 22 May 2016| access-date= 22 May 2016}}</ref> Among those that had to turn back was a science expedition attempting to study the link between [[hypoxia (medical)|hypoxia]] and cognitive decline.<ref name="sci mag">{{cite web |url= https://www.science.org/content/article/medical-complications-cut-everest-research-expedition-short |title= Medical complications cut Everest research expedition short |date=17 May 2016 |website= Science {{!}} AAAS |access-date= 25 May 2016}}</ref> Although it did not run its course, it did give some clues into the effects of high-altitude acclimatisation on human blood.<ref name="sci mag"/>

[[Adrian Ballinger]] and Cory Richards were sponsored by [[Eddie Bauer]] to climb Everest, and they relayed information from the Everest climb using the [[smartphone]] software application and service [[Snapchat]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Agard |first= Chancellor |url= http://www.people.com/article/mount-everest-snapumentary-adrian-ballinger-cory-richards |title= Two Mount Everest Climbers Are Documenting Their Entire Journey on Snapchat in the First Ever Snap-umentary |work=People |date=19 May 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Mount Everest has had a [[3G]] wireless data communication network since 2010.<ref>{{cite news |author= Manesh Shrestha |url= https://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/mobile/10/28/everest.mobile/ |title= Mount Everest gets 3G mobile network |work=CNN |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> One of the things that was reported by them, was that [[bottled oxygen]] was stolen from them and there was some bad behaviour up there.<ref name=wfaa>{{cite web |url= http://www.wfaa.com/news/nation-now/everest-explorers-trash-bad-behavior-threaten-mountain/235811957 |title= Everest explorers: Trash, bad behavior threaten mountain |website= WFAA.com |date=7 June 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> The bottled oxygen was there for emergency back-up if they ran into trouble.<ref name=wfaa/> Cory Richards summited Mount Everest without oxygen and returned safely, and Adrian made it almost to the top also.<ref name=wfaa/> Another famous mountaineer, British climber [[Kenton Cool]] achieved his 12th Everest summit (the second-highest number of Everest summitings for a foreigner after [[Dave Hahn]]),<ref name="theweek.com"/> and US celebrity mountaineer [[Melissa Arnot]], completed her sixth summit, and achieved her personal goal of climbing Everest without supplemental oxygen.<ref name="rockandice.com">{{cite web |url= https://www.rockandice.com/climbing-news/interview-melissa-arnot-on-climbing-everest-without-supplemental-oxygen |title= Interview: Melissa Arnot on Climbing Everest Without Supplemental Oxygen |author=Seth Heller |website= Rock & Ice |date= 6 June 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> This also turned out to be the most summits for a foreign female (not Nepali or Chinese), and one of the first US women to summit and survive without supplemental oxygen.<ref name="rockandice.com"/>

In 1998, [[Francys Arsentiev]] had reached the summit, but died during the descent; she went on to become a famous corpse as a landmark known as "Sleeping Beauty" until she was buried on Everest in 2007 by one of the people who had tried to help her.<ref>{{cite news |author=Neil Tweedie |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/features/3632388/Peace-at-last-for-Sleeping-Beauty.html |title= Peace at last for Sleeping Beauty |work= The Telegraph |date=2 May 2007 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Another woman from the Americas, the Ecuadorian woman Carla Perez also summited Mount Everest in 2016 without supplementary oxygen.<ref name="theguardian1">{{cite news |author= Mark Jenkins |url= https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jun/11/climbing-mount-everest-no-oxygen |title= The last frontier: the climbers conquering Mount Everest without oxygen |work=The Guardian|access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> Perez and Arnot became the fifth and sixth women to summit Everest without supplemental oxygen.<ref name="theguardian1"/> There is an ongoing discussion about the use of extra bottled oxygen in mountaineering.<ref name="theguardian1"/> Also at issue is [[Dexamethasone]] (Dex), which is valuable as a lifesaver as it reduces swelling in the brain if someone comes down with [[high-altitude cerebral edema]] (HACE). When American Bill Burke was interviewed for his attempt, he noted how one of his team members had overdosed on Dex, prompting a medical evacuation even as in his more recent expedition, someone had 25 doses of Dex.<ref name="grindtv1">{{cite web |url= http://www.grindtv.com/culture/bill-burke-69-arrives-at-base-camp-before-north-route-everest-climb/ |title=Bill Burke, 69, arrives at base camp before north-route Everest climb |website=GrindTV.com |date=12 April 2011 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> He also noted it was hard to argue against large supplies of Dex, due its life-saving properties against some types of altitude sickness, especially HACE.<ref name="grindtv1"/>

An example of a death in which Dex was implicated was Dr. Eberhard Schaaf in 2012 on Everest. Schaaf died on descent at the south summit from altitude sickness.<ref>{{cite web |last= Billera |first=Michael |url= http://www.ibtimes.com/three-climbers-reported-dead-scaling-mount-everest-eberhard-schaaf-shriya-shah-and-song-won-bin-dead |title=Three Climbers Reported Dead Scaling Mount Everest: Eberhard Schaaf, Shriya Shah, and Song Won-bin Dead, Two Others Missing |website=IB Times |date=17 February 2010 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> It has a good reputation as a life saver, and is commonly given to Everest climbers for its ability to intervene in last desperate moments when altitude sickness sets in. For example, in the 2016 season Robert Gropel said he gave Dex to his wife (as reported by the ''[[Daily Telegraph]]'') in attempt to save her as they tried to descend Everest.<ref>{{cite news |author=Chris Graham |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/31/it-breaks-my-heart-australian-climber-blames-himself-for-wifes-d/ |title= 'It breaks my heart': Australian climber blames himself for wife's death on Everest |work= The Daily Telegraph |date=31 May 2016 |location=London |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Dex is not the only drug that is potentially a problem, with the UIAA noting the aforementioned dexamethasone, but also [[acetazolamide]] (aka Diamox), [[amphetamine]], and [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]] use;<ref>{{cite web |url= http://docplayer.net/5637829-Official-standards-of-the-uiaa-medical-commission-vol-22a.html |title= UIAA Official Standards of the UIAA Medical Commission VOL: 22a |publisher= Docplayer.net |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> and another noted Diamox (acetazolamide) use among trekkers.<ref name="blogs1">{{cite web |url= http://blogs.dw.com/adventuresports/2014/10/20/well-under-drugs-is-half-way-up/ |title= Well under drugs is half way up? – Mount Everest – Adventure Sports |publisher= Blogs.dw.com |access-date= 17 June 2016 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160901104914/http://blogs.dw.com/adventuresports/2014/10/20/well-under-drugs-is-half-way-up/ |archive-date= 1 September 2016 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> It is not really a matter of some authorities being for or against medications, but awareness, as misuse can cause drug interactions and various side effects.<ref name="blogs1"/> In particular it was noted that supplementary oxygen significantly lowers death rate on ultra-high altitude mountain climbing, and is generally not regulated as a drug, whereas the safe use of medications is less understood or even acknowledged in many cases.<ref name="blogs1"/> (see also: [[Effects of high altitude on humans]])

{{blockquote|"We estimate that during our informal survey on Everest spring 2012, at least two-thirds of climbers we contacted were prescribed several performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and had intended to use them not for rescue, but to increase their chances of summit success"|Dr. L. Freer of Everest ER<ref name="blogs1" />}}

Mexican-American [[David Liaño Gonzalez]] (aka ''David Liano'') summited for the sixth time, promoting a charity and also carrying a [[Seattle Seahawks]] flag with him to the Everest summit.<ref>{{cite news|author=Bob Condotta |url= http://www.seattletimes.com/sports/seahawks/climber-displays-his-seahawks-allegiance-on-the-top-of-mount-everest/ |title=Top of the world! Fan takes love of Seahawks to summit of Mount Everest |work=Seattle Times |date=8 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/1st-foreign-climbers-scale-everest-in-2-years/ |title=2 Brits, Mexican are 1st foreigners on Everest in 2 years |work=Seattle Times |date=11 May 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> Another sports team represented at the Everest summit was the [[Denver Broncos]], with its flag unfurled by Kim Hess.<ref>{{cite web |author= Liz Gelardi |url= https://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/local-news/colorado-woman-checks-mount-everest-off-list-on-quest-to-climb-seven-summits |title= Colorado woman checks Mount Everest off list on quest to climb "seven summits" |website= Thedenverchannel.com |date=6 June 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Rounding out US mountaineering was news that a group of soldiers and veterans summited, including some who had been wounded in combat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/24/health/usx-veteran-soldiers-summit-everest/|title=Active-duty U.S. soldiers, veteran summit Everest|author=Ashley Strickland|website=cnn.com|date=24 May 2016|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> A British wounded veteran (one-eyed) was also trying to summit but gave up his bid to help some Indian climbers.<ref name="autogenerated1"/>

In 2016 the first climbers from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Tunisia reached the summit of Mount Everest.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.mountainguides.com/everest-south16.shtml#Top | publisher = International Mountain Guides |title = 2016 Everest Expedition Nepal |access-date = 20 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="mizz">{{cite web |url= http://mizzima.com/news-domestic/myanmar-climbers-reach-everest-summit-country-first|title=Myanmar climbers reach Everest summit in country first |last= Mizzima |date=20 May 2016 |website= Mizzima |access-date= 25 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="ansamed.info">{{cite web|url=http://www.ansamed.info/ansamed/en/news/sections/generalnews/2014/12/19/for-the-first-time-tunisian-climber-reaches-everest-peak_e5be7fbc-b46d-4e52-9b19-a2a1e43c2f69.html |title= For the first time Tunisian climber reaches Everest peak |publisher= Ansamed.info |date=19 December 2014 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Only two other people from North Africa have summited Everest, one from Algeria and the other from Morocco.<ref name="ansamed.info"/> The youngest Australian woman to summit Mount Everest was Alyssa Azar.<ref name="abc.net.au">{{cite news |url= https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-07/teen-alyssa-azar-welcomed-home-toowoomba-after-mt-everest-climb/7484184 |title= Alyssa Azar welcomed home at Toowoomba after climbing Mount Everest |work= ABC News |date=7 June 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> She returned to Australia safely, but a bittersweet victory for Australia after the loss of another Australian woman who was also trying to summit that May with her husband.<ref name="abc.net.au"/><ref name="BBC 23 MAY" /> The youngest Japanese woman also summited (and returned alive) at the age of 19.<ref name="JT-20160526"/> Another woman record-breaker in 2016 was the first woman from [[Thailand]] to summit Mount Everest, Napassaporn Chumnarnsit, who was granted an audience with the Prime Minister of Thailand for her achievement.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.thaivisa.com/forum/topic/921892-1st-thai-mount-everest-woman-summiter-meets-pm-prayut/ |title= 1st Thai Mount Everest woman summiter meets PM Prayut |website= Thaivisa.com |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://bangkok.coconuts.co/2016/05/23/first-thai-woman-conquers-mount-everest-today |title= First Thai woman conquers Mount Everest today | Coconuts Bangkok |publisher=Bangkok.coconuts.co |date= 23 May 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> The first person with [[cystic fibrosis]] also summited Mount Everest on his third try.<ref>{{cite news |author1= Harry Yorke |author2= Sophie Jamieson |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/17/british-man-becomes-first-person-with-cystic-fibrosis-to-climb-e/ |title= British man becomes first person with cystic fibrosis to climb Everest |work= The Telegraph |date=17 May 2016 |access-date= 17 June 2016}}</ref> Also, a 61-year-old summited with two artificial knees.<ref name="Deseret News">{{cite web|url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865656050/How-a-61-year-old-Utah-man-made-history-by-summiting-Everest-with-two-artificial-knees.html?pg=all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617022627/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865656050/How-a-61-year-old-Utah-man-made-history-by-summiting-Everest-with-two-artificial-knees.html?pg=all|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 June 2016|title=How a 61-year-old Utah man made history by summiting Everest with two artificial knees|first=Amy|last=Donaldson|date=11 June 2016|website=[[Deseret News]]|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> He had been trying for several years and had lost his Nepali friend Sherpa Nawang Tenzing in the 2015 earthquakes.<ref name="Deseret News"/> He was not alone in being grief-stricken, as many climbers connected with the Everest mountaineering community lost climbing buddies in two years of disasters.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/kuntal-joisher/a-lifes-dream-complete-co_b_10344586.html|title=A Life's Dream Complete: Conquering Mount Everest|first=Kuntal|last=Joisher|date=8 June 2016|website=huffingtonpost.com|access-date=23 October 2017}}</ref> One who narrowly survived the disasters himself climbed this year to bring attention to the disease [[Dementia with Lewy bodies|Lewy body dementia]] (DLB), which had affected his father.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/>

== Rescues and fatalities ==
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable floatright " style="font-size: 90%; "
|-
! style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|2016 fatalities
|-
!Fatalities
!Nationality
|-
|Eric Arnold<ref name=indiant/>
|{{Flagcountry|The Netherlands}}
|-
|Dr. [[Maria Strydom]]<ref name=indiant/>
|{{Flagcountry|Australia}}
|-
|Subhash Pal<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2016/may/22/indian-climber-third-to-die-on-mount-everest-in-re/|title=Indian climber third to die on Mount Everest in recent days|website=Spokesman.com|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
|{{Flagcountry|India}}
|-
|*Phurba Sherpa<ref>{{cite news|url=https://time.com/4344556/mount-everest-death-climbing-vegan/|title=Woman Trying to Prove 'Vegans Can Do Anything' Dies on Mount Everest|last=Chan|first=Melissa|website=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
|{{Flagcountry|Nepal}}
|-
|Paresh Nath<ref name=DT2505>{{cite journal |last=Marszal |first=Andrew|date=25 May 2016
|title=Mount Everest climbers: Death toll rises to five
|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/25/mount-everest-climbers-death-toll-rises-to-five/ |journal=The Telegraph |access-date=25 May 2016}}</ref>
|{{Flagcountry|India}}
|-
|Goutam Ghosh<ref name=DT2505/>
|{{Flagcountry|India}}
|-
|Dr. Charles MacAdams<ref>{{cite news|author=Emma McIntosh |url=https://calgaryherald.com/news/local-news/calgarian-doctor-dies-at-everest-base-camp |title=Calgary doctor dies at Everest base camp |newspaper=Calgary Herald |date=3 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref>
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|''*Lhotse face fatality''
|}

On 11 May 2016 a Calgary physician died in Tibet, in the Chinese-side base camp.<ref name="legacy.com">{{cite news|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/vancouversun/obituary.aspx?pid=180046324 |title=Charles MacAdams Obituary|work=Vancouver Sun|access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> A 25-year-old Nepali named Phurba Sherpa, fixing lines near the Lhotse summit, fell to his death.<ref name="fox13now.com">{{cite web|url=http://fox13now.com/2016/05/22/3-climbers-die-in-3-days-on-mount-everest/ |title=3 climbers die in 3 days on Mount Everest |website=fox13now.com |date=22 May 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> A guide company, Arnold Coster Expeditions, suffered two fatalities, and a third client had to be airlifted out.<ref name="telegraph3">{{cite news|author=Andrew Marszal |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/25/mount-everest-climbers-death-toll-rises-to-five/ |title=Mount Everest climbers: Death toll rises to five |work=The Telegraph|date=25 May 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> One was a man from the Netherlands, and another was a South African-born Australian woman.<ref name="telegraph3"/> Her husband had tried to save her, but he also ran into trouble and had to be airlifted out with medical complications.<ref name="telegraph3"/> These deaths were very widely reported in international news and triggered some public discussion about Everest mountaineering and tourism.<ref name="fox13now.com"/><ref name="telegraph3"/>

===Indian expedition===
An Indian expedition from [[West Bengal]] suffered three fatalities and a fourth member, Sunita Hazra had to be rescued on her way down.<ref name="telegraph3"/> The team was led by a South Korean climber named Jinchol Cha, and had four Indian Bengalis: Subhash Pal, Goutam Ghosh, Paresh Nath and Sunita Hazra (female, 38) with Loben Sherpa accompanying them. The team, managed by Trekking Camp Nepal, had attempted to climb the peak on 21 May.<ref name="Himalayan Times" /><ref name="telegraph3" />

While climbing up, Paresh and Goutam became sick near Camp IV and could neither ascend nor descend from the higher camps near 8,000 metres.<ref name="Himalayan Times" /> Lakpa Sherpa and Subhash Pal, the Indian mountaineer, from [[Bankura]], [[West Bengal]] continued climbing and reached the summit of Mount Everest on Saturday, 21 May 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/indian-climber-3rd-to-die-on-mount-everest-in-recent-days-1409004|title=Indian Mountaineer Subhash Pal Dies, 2 Others Missing On Mount Everest|date=23 May 2016|work=NDTV.com}}</ref><ref name="BBC 23 MAY">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-36355920|title=Mount Everest: Altitude sickness claims third death in three days|date=23 May 2016|work=BBC.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/05/mount-everest-six-dead-families-mourn-indian-climbers|title=Mount Everest: total of six dead as families mourn Indian climbers|date=5 June 2016|work=theguardian.com}}</ref> On 22 May 2016, Pal collapsed while descending the [[Hillary Step]] ice wall. He died in the region between Camp IV and Camp III,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dreamwanderlust.com/articles/an-avoidable-tragedy-everest-spring-2016-20160112|title=An Avoidable Tragedy|date=25 November 2018}}</ref> due to frostbite which later led to hypothermia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theyouthmagazine.com/indian-climber-subhash-pal-dies-on-expedition-to-mount-everest-2-others-missing/|title=Indian climber 'Subhash Pal' dies on expedition to Mount Everest, 2 others missing!|website=theyouthmagazine.com|language=en-US|access-date=19 April 2017}}</ref><ref name="Himalayan Times" /> While descending from the summit, Sherpa found both Paresh and Goutam dead near Camp IV.<ref name="Himalayan Times">{{cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/rescuers-bring-indian-climbers-body-everest|title=Rescuers bring Indian climber's body from Everest|date=30 May 2016|work=thehimalayantimes.com}}</ref> After reaching near Camp III, Subhash was unable to speak or move due to altitude sickness. The team tried to save him but could not.<ref name="Himalayan Times" />

A British climber Leslie Binns gave up his summit bid to help and rescue Sunita who had fallen and was ailing on her descent.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-36437937 |title=Briton Leslie Binns abandons Everest peak to save fellow climber|work=BBC News|access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/metres-away-from-mt-everest-summit-briton-turns-around-to-save-bengali-woman/story-vMt8HnWKQcFNCYewyVSg0K.html |title=Metres away from Mt Everest summit, Briton turns around to save Bengali woman|work=Hindustan Times |date=2 June 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> The climber successfully rescued her and tried to save another from her expedition team.<ref name="autogenerated1"/> With the help of four climbers, Sunita was rescued. Their stock of bottled oxygen was running out, so they quickly descended to Camp II, saving Sunita's life. She was airlifted from Camp II the next day by the [[Himalayan Rescue Association]] to Kathmandu with severe frostbite injuries.<ref name="indianexpress.com">{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/sunita-missing-survivor-everest-kolkatas-frostbitten-plans-her-next-climb-2825004/ |title=Back from Everest, Kolkata's frostbitten survivor plans her next climb |website=The Indian Express |date=30 May 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016}}</ref> Sunita was treated at Norvic International Hospital.<ref name="Himalayan Times" /> She lost two fingers due to frostbite.{{fact|date=October 2022}}

Six Sherpas stayed in the region for five days to search for and rescue the missing climbers. They retrieved Subhash's body and returned.<ref name="Himalayan Times" /> Paresh's and Goutam's bodies remained on the mountain and could not be retrieved until the following climbing season, in late May 2017, due to bad weather.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Branch |first=John |date=2017-12-18 |title=Deliverance From 27,000 Feet |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/18/sports/everest-deaths.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/18/sports/everest-deaths.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

They were part of a larger eleven-member expedition from India. Eight had reached the summit, including the injured woman, Hazra.<ref name="indianexpress.com"/> However, according to a detailed report on the Indian expedition in the ''New York Times'', the Nepalese government is not counting Hazra's climb as a successful summit due to a credible lack of evidence.<ref name=":1" />

===Death toll ===
The death toll for Everest climbers rose to five in most reports by late May 2016, and with a death of a high-altitude worker on Lhotse face during the season (Everest summiters sometimes need to climb Lhotse face depending on the route), gave a total of six known deaths from the Everest massif by the time the season drew to a close.<ref name=DT2505/> Although not widely reported during May, a climber in Tibet had died on 11 May 2016 which makes it possibly six for Mount Everest and seven for the Everest Massif.<ref name="legacy.com"/> The Nepal ministry of tourism said five people died (on the Nepali side).<ref name="thehimalayantimes1"/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mount Everest}}

[[Category:History of Mount Everest|2016]]
[[Category:2016 in Nepal]]

Sukhbilas Barma

2026-04-24T19:37:12Z

LashayFmm33111: added new data...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Jalpaiguri Assembly constituency|Jalpaiguri]]
| term_start = 10 May 2011
| term_end = 27 March 2021
| term_start1 =
| term_end1 =
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = [[Debaprasad Roy]]
| succeeded = [[Pradip Kumar Barma]]
| constituency1 =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
}}

'''Sukhbilas Barma''' is an Indian politician and former [[IAS officer]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-10 |title=Opposition boycotts Bengal budget, holds mock session outside Assembly |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/kolkata/opposition-boycotts-bengal-budget-holds-mock-session-outside-assembly/story-m1nSkwxilvRqjY6wqXhzAM.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-31 |title=Cong names 5 MLAs for Mamata Cabinet |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/web/cong-names-5-mlas-for-mamata-cabinet/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He served as a [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly|Member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] from 2011 to 2021, representing the [[Jalpaiguri Assembly constituency]] as a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] party.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-02 |title=Jalpaiguri Election Result 2021 Live Updates: Dr Pradip Kumar Barma of TMC Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/jalpaiguri-election-result-2021-live-updates-jalpaiguri-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-3695426.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-19 |title=Complete List of West Bengal Assembly Elections 2016 Winners |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/complete-list-of-west-bengal-assembly-elections-2016-winners-1245300.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=west bengal elections 2021 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/elections/west-bengal-assembly-election/jalpaiguri-759730104 |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barma, Sukhbilas}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2011–2016]]
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2016–2021]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Jalpaiguri district]]

{{WestBengal-INC-politician-stub}}

Chandrakona

2026-04-24T10:16:57Z

LashayFmm33111: enhanced article per sources as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2015}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chandrakona
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline = A replica of a beautiful ancient monument surrounded by lush green gardens..jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Prayag film city at Chandrakona
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|22.73|N|87.52|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Paschim Medinipur]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipality]]
| governing_body = Chandrakona Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Chandrakona Info|url=https://www.sudawb.org/wbdma_oldversion/HTM/DIS/MUNI_ULB_Chandrakona.htm}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = 16.58
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 28
| population_total = 23629
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 721201
| area_code = 03225
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| registration_plate =
| unemployment_rate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Arambagh (Lok Sabha constituency)|Arambagh]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Chandrakona (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Chandrakona]]
}}

Chandrakona is a pretty town and a municipality in the [[Ghatal subdivision]] of [[Paschim Medinipur district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. The city is located between [[Ghatal]] and [[Garbeta|Garhbeta]]. Chandraketu was the founder of the kingdom of Chandrakona. In the [[Ain-i-Akbari|Ain-E-Akbari]], the 16th century Mughal document, it was mentioned as ‘Mana’.

==History==
A traceable history of Chandrakona and its adjoining areas begins to emerge about 690 A.D. when the Malla Dynasty was founded at [[Bishnupur, Bankura|Bishnupur]]. It must have been at that time a prosperous place, but not much else is certain. Historically, it was turbulent times; the anarchical period known as ''Matsyanyaya'' (মৎস্যন‌্যায়) in the history of Bengal. But tucked into the less-populated, forest covered fringes of the Chotonagpur plateau, the kingdom of Bishnupur lived by its own standards. And thanks to its excellent supply-system of agriculturally rich areas irrigated by river Shilaboti and its canals, Chandrakona grew in eminence, though gradually. 17th century scholar Jagamohan Pandit, in his Sanskrit geography-text ''Deshavali Vivriti'', described Chandrakona as an important place in Bhan Desh - a land lying between the rivers Kangsabati and Shilaboti; a rich land where quality jute grew in abundance and sustained a renowned jute-textile industry. Cotton also grew, and the cotton-textile industry was almost equally famous. Its rivers and waterbodies yielded abundant fish and sustained a large population of fishermen. This prosperity was gained even as the Mughals and the Pathans clashed over the terrain for dominance till the former emerged victorious.{{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
[[File:Back view of Jorbangla temple at Chandrakona located at Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal.jpg|thumb|Chandrakona Jor Bangla temple ]]
The political stability required for this prosperity came Chandrakona's way as the chief of a Rajput contingent, Indraketu, established almost independent rule here in the early 15th century. At about the same time another Rajput, Gajapati Singh, assumed the rule of Bagri, lying west of Chandrakona. These two tiny kingdoms fought each other several times during the next centuries, so that their family trees and fate became inextricably entangled.

Chandrakona thrived during the century-long rule of the Ketu kings. The town probably got its name from the third of them - Chandraketu. Jogesh Chandra Basu, a scholar on the history of Medinipur, says that Chandrakona was previously known as ''Mana''. Chandraketu ruled during the early decades of the fifteenth century. The Gurudwara of Chandrakona dates from this time. Guru Nanakji and Mardanaji came to Chandrakona in 1510 on their way to Puri and set up a ''manji'' here which has now evolved into a gurudwara revered and visited by Sikhs from different parts of the state.

During Mughal rule Chandrakona retained its status of a semi-independent kingdom. By the middle of the 16th century, Birbhan Singh, a Chauhan, began a new line of rulers. They efficiently ruled over the town for about 150 years, till in the early eighteenth century Maharaj Kirtichandra of Burdwan overthrew Raghunath Singh, the last of them. However, most of what constitutes the glory of Chandrakona, its temple complexes and its large tanks, tell us of the interest the Bhan rulers took in public works as well as of their patronage of religion and art. The legendary prosperity of Chandrakona, a town with fifty-two market places and a network of fifty-three inter-linked roads, owed itself to the efficient administration of the Bhan rulers.

[[File:Southwest Bengal, 1776, by Rennell.jpg|thumb|Chandrakona (termed ''Chandercoonah'') under jurisdiction of Burdwan, 1776]]

Chandrakona came under the British East India Company in 1760. The textile industry was most hardly hit as a consequence. The famous weavers of Chandrakona had either to re-locate or to take up farming as profession. However, the town held its own as an important centre of trade and commerce. In the nineteenth century Chandrakona was known for producing quality brass utensils. It got its municipal administration in 1869 and Beverley's Census Report of Bengal, 1872, records that the town had a population of 21,311; that is to say, almost equal to its present population. Once a part of Hooghly district, the town was incorporated into the Ghatal subdivision of Medinipur district in 1872. Over the next six decades the population of the town depleted alarmingly. In 1931, it was reported to have a population of a little over 6000.
[[File:The Temple of Malleswar.jpg|thumb|The Temple of Malleswar]]
Like its more famous neighbour Bishnupur, Chandrakona may also be termed a temple town. Its temples display the blending of several architectural styles - the Rekha-Deul, the [[char-chala]] and [[at-chala]] styles of Bengal, and so on. Some of them, like the one at Mitrasenpur, are decorated with excellent terracotta plates depicting events from the Mahabharata and the Avatars of Vishnu. The ''pancharatna'' temple of Malleswar is also a grand structure. But most of these temples have become dilapidated, and hardly any effort is being made to preserve these heritage structures. In addition to the temples, there are three ''Asthal''s i.e. monastic establishments of the [[Sri Vaishnava]] Ramanuja sampradaya hailing from the spiritual lineage of the [[Ahobila Mutt]].
[[File:Navaratna temple of Mitrasenpur.jpg|thumb|Navaratna temple of Mitrasenpur]]
The eminence of the Dharmathakur cult in Chandrakona points to the co-existence for centuries of Brahminical and non-Brahminical religions. Several [[Dharmathakur]] images are found at Gobindapur, Narahipur and Jayantipur localities of Chandrakona. The ''Shivagajan'' festival at the end of the Bengali year, one of the major religious festivals in Chandrakona, is also reminiscent of pre-Aryan rituals.

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=350| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|22|40|0|N|87|40|30|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities and towns in Ghatal subdivision of Paschim Medinipur district''' M: municipal city/ town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1= {{coord|22|40|12|N|87|43|12|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1= Ghatal | numbered1=M| mark-title1= [[Ghatal]] (M)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#800000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2= {{coord|22|44|0|N|87|31|12|E}}| label-pos2=bottom|label2=Chandrakona | numbered2=M| mark-title2= Chandrakona (M)|shape-color2=black| label-size2=13|label-color2=black 
|mark-coord3={{coord|22|42|0|N|87|40|48|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=Kharar | numbered3=M| mark-title3= [[Kharar, Ghatal]] (M)
|mark-coord4={{coord|22|42|0|N|87|37|12|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Khirpai | numbered4=M| mark-title4= [[Khirpai]] (M)
|mark-coord5={{coord|22|49|48|N|87|37|12|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=Ramjibanpur | numbered5=M| mark-title5= [[Ramjibanpur]] (M)
|mark-coord6={{coord|22|36|0|N|87|43|30|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Daspur | numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Daspur]] (R) |shape-color6=#C40000
|mark-coord7={{coord|22|33|0|N|87|46|14|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=Sonakhali | numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Sonakhali, Paschim Medinipur]] (R) |shape-color7=#C40000
|mark-coord8={{coord|22|43|50|N|87|39|22|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=Birsingha | numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Birsingha]] (R) |shape-color8=#C40000
|mark-coord9={{coord|22|32|0|N|87|46|45|E}}| label-pos9=right|label9= Ajuria| numbered9=H| mark-title9= [[Ajuria]] (H) |shape-color9=#AA6666
|mark-coord10={{coord|22|39|56|N|87|39|7|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10= Alui| numbered10=H| mark-title10= [[Alui]] (H) |shape-color10=#AA6666
|mark-coord11={{coord|22|45|20|N|87|33|0|E}}| label-pos11=right|label11= Baikunthapur| numbered11=H| mark-title11= [[Baikunthapur, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color11=#AA6666
|mark-coord12={{coord|22|34|40|N|87|48|17|E}}| label-pos12=right|label12= Chaipat| numbered12=H| mark-title12= [[Chaipat]] (H) |shape-color12=#AA6666
|mark-coord13={{coord|22|35|55|N|87|44|20|E}}| label-pos13=right|label13= Dihi Baliharpur| numbered13=H| mark-title13= [[Dihi Baliharpur]] (H) |shape-color13=#AA6666
|mark-coord14={{coord|22|42|58|N|87|37|34|E}}| label-pos14=right|label14= Gangadaspur| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Gangadaspur]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|22|31|23|N|87|44|24|E}}| label-pos15=left|label15= Gobindanagar| numbered15=H| mark-title15= [[Gobindanagar]] (H) |shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|22|39|6|N|87|38|44|E}}| label-pos16=right|label16= Iswarpur| numbered16=H| mark-title16= [[Iswarpur]] (H) |shape-color16=#AA6666
|mark-coord17={{coord|22|50|53|N|87|39|50|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17=Jalshara| numbered17=H| mark-title17= [[Jalshara]] (H) |shape-color17=#AA6666
|mark-coord18={{coord|22|44|30|N|87|32|24|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18=Jayantipur| numbered18=H| mark-title18= [[Jayantipur]] (H) |shape-color18=#AA6666
|mark-coord19={{coord|22|37|42|N|87|44|47|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19=Kotalpur| numbered19=H| mark-title19= [[Kotalpur]] (H) |shape-color19=#AA6666
|mark-coord20={{coord|22|38|4|N|87|38|30|E}}| label-pos20=right|label20=Lachhipur| numbered20=H| mark-title20= [[Lachhipur]] (H) |shape-color20=#AA6666
|mark-coord21={{coord|22|36|55|N|87|43|41|E}}| label-pos21=right|label21=Laoda| numbered21=H| mark-title21= [[Laoda]] (H) |shape-color21=#AA6666
|mark-coord22={{coord|22|34|30|N|87|36|54|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=Narajole| numbered22=H| mark-title22= [[Narajole]] (H) |shape-color22=#AA6666
|mark-coord23={{coord|22|31|9|N|87|47|18|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Palashpai| numbered23=H| mark-title23= [[Palashpai]] (H) |shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|22|33|37|N|87|44|38|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24=Radhakantapur| numbered24=H| mark-title24= [[Radhakantapur]] (H) |shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|22|41|8|N|87|38|45|E}}| label-pos25=left|label25=Radhanagar| numbered25=H| mark-title25= [[Radhanagar, Paschim Medinipur]] (H) |shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|22|33|50|N|87|49|12|E}}| label-pos26=right|label26=Uttar Bar| numbered26=H| mark-title26= [[Uttar Bar]] (H) |shape-color26=#AA6666
|mark-coord27={{coord|22|42|21|N|87|47|0|E}}| label27=Rupnarayan River| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=65| label-pos27=right| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none}}

===Location===
Chandrakona is located at {{Coord|22.44|N|87.31|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/28/Chandrakona.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Chandrakona]</ref> It has an average elevation of 28 metres (91 feet).

Ghatal subdivision, shown in the map alongside, has [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soils. Around 85% of the total cultivated area is cropped more than once.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title = District Human Development Report Paschim Medinipur, 2011| work= page 27-28| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref> It has a density of population of 1,099 per km2, but being a small subdivision only a little over a fifth of the people in the district reside in this subdivision. 14.33% of the population lives in urban areas and 86.67% lives in the rural areas.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook Paschim Medinipur, 2013| work= Table 2.2, 2.4 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics |access-date = 10 September 2020}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Administration==
===CD Block HQ===
The headquarters of [[Chandrakona II]] Block are located at Chandrakona.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1918_PART_A_DCHB_PASCHIM%20MEDINIPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Paschim Medinipur | work= Map of Paschim Medinipur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fifth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 20 November 2016 }}</ref>

===Police station===
Chandrakona police station has jurisdiction over Chandrakona, [[Khirpai]] and [[Ramjibanpur]] municipalities and [[Chandrakona I]] and [[Chandrakona II]] CD Blocks.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 14 September 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | title = District at a Glance | publisher = Paschim Medinipur District Police | access-date = 27 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161027124602/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | archive-date = 27 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1814 |18145
|1872 |21,311
|1881 |12,257
|1891 |11,309
|1901 |9,309
|1911 |8,121
|1921 |6,470
|1931 |6,016
|1941 |6,411
|1951 |5,717
|1961 |7,383
|1971 |9,811
|1981 |13,410
|1991 |
|2001 |20,400
|2011 |23,629
|footnote=
|source=[[Census of India]]<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Pranab |last1= Ganguly |first2=Suvas |last2=Bose |date=April 1992|title=Population Trends in Midnapore District, West Bengal, 1872–1981 |journal=Vidyasagar University: Journal of Social Sciences |others=Inaugural Number 1991–1992 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7661574 |publisher=Vidyasagar University |location=Midnapore |pages=1–13 }}</ref>}}
As per [[2011 Census of India]], Chandrakona had a total population of 23,629 of which 11,977 (51%) were males and 11,652 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 2,526. The total number of literate persons in Chandrakona was 17,564 (83.23% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 28 August 2020 }}</ref>

{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> Chandrakona Municipality had a population of 20,400. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Chandrakona has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 73% and female literacy of 58%. 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

==Economy==
The main economy is dependent on [[agriculture]].

Some of the main [[agricultural]] products are rice, potato and jute. Only large scale industry here is formed by about 20 cold storages of potato. A few of the percentage of the people are government employees, School Teachers and employed in other small private sectors. The financial status of most of the people is in middle class and lower middle class category.

==Transportation==
Chandrakona is well connected by roads/highways to state capital [[Kolkata]] and other important towns of South Bengal including Medinipur (42 km South West), Burdwan, Bankura, Haldia, Kharagpur, and Tarakeswar. [[State Highway 4 (West Bengal)]] connects the town to National Highway 6 (Kolkata-Mumbai) at Mechogram (60 km South East). The nearest railway station is [[Chandrakona Road railway station]], 20 km West. Locals use bicycles and motorbikes for transportation within the town. Rickshaws, Battery operated rickshaws and cabs are also available.

==Education==

There are schools and colleges in Chandrakona Town. [[Institute of Science and Technology, West Bengal|Institute of Science & Technology]] is a technology-oriented private college established in 2005. This institute is affiliated to [[Wbut]]. It is an emerging [[engineering]] and [[management]] college in [[West Medinipur district]] as well as in [[West Bengal]]. There is also another college named [[Chandrakona Vidyasagar Mahavidyalaya]], which is under [[Vidyasagar University]]. The schools of Chandrakona Town are [[Chandrakona Jirat High School]], Kalyanshri J D Girls School, Malleswarpur Sarada Vidyapith High School and Atasi Smriti High School.

==Healthcare==
Chandrakona Rural Hospital, with 60 beds at Chandrakona, is the major government Chandrakona II CD block.<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work= Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 1 September 2020}}</ref>

==Culture==
"The number of temples that are still there in Chandrakona is a matter of wonder." - [[Binoy Ghosh]], historian<ref name=binoyghosh>Ghosh, Binoy, ''Paschim Banger Sanskriti'', {{in lang|bn}}, part II, 1976 edition, pages 95- 97, Prakash Bhaban, Kolkata.</ref>

Chandrakona and its surrounding areas have numerous temples, some built of laterite, and some are brick-built. These temples are superb articulation of local architectural styles and present a wide array of terracotta decoration. Unfortunately, many of the temples have fallen, a few have been distastefully painted or spoiled by inexperienced restoration and others lie uncared for. Chandrakona has a rich heritage and can successfully share it with others.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.livehistoryindia.com/cover-story/2020/05/04/the-crumbling-temples-of-chandrakona | title = The Crumbling Temples of Chandrakona| first= Amitabha |last= Gupta| publisher = Live History India, 4 May 2020|access-date = 30 August 2020}}</ref>

[[David McCutchion|David J. McCutchion]] mentions:<ref>McCutchion, David J., ''Late Mediaeval Temples of Bengal'', first published 1972, reprinted 2017, pages 7,27, 32, 38, 39, 46, 52, 55, 63, 64, 69. The Asiatic Society, Kolkata, {{ISBN| 978-93-81574-65-2}}</ref>
* The [[Chandrakona Jorbangla Temple|Jor-Bangla temple]] at Dakshinbazar as laterite built, possibly in the 17th century, with extensive [[stucco]] work, measuring 28’ 4” x 26’.
* The Jhulanmandir in the Thakurbari as a ''[[Bengal temple architecture#Chala temple|char-chala]]'' on an elongated base, laterite built, largely plain, measuring 30’ 9” x 20’.
* The Lalji temple as a low-towered ''at-chala'', laterite-built with stucco figures, measuring, 36’9” x 23’ 9”.
* The [[Malleswara Shiva Temple|Mallesvara temple]] as a pancha-ratna with ridged rekha turrets and porch on triple archway, laterite-built possibly in the 18th century, with stucco figures, measuring around 26’ square.
* The [[Shantinatha Shiva Temple|Santinatha Shiva temple]] at Mitrasenpur, built in 1828, with rich terracotta, measuring 19’ 6” square.
* The [[Parvatinatha Temple|Parvatinatha temple]] as a standard ''saptdasa-ratna'' (17 pinnacled), built in the 19th century, with rich terracotta and stucco, measuring around 21’ 6”.
* The Shiva temple, beside Kankali temple, 19th century built, with terracotta decorations, measuring 9' 1" square.
* Bardhan's temple near Thakurbari as a small flat roofed or chandni type, laterite-built, plain, measuring 12’ 9” x 19’ 7”.
* The Anantadeva temple at Mitrasenpur as a small flat roofed or chandni type, with terracotta decorations, built in 1899, measuring 12’ 10”
* The Dadhivamna temple in Gobindapur as a small flat roofed or chandni type, with terracotta decorations, measuring 14’3” x 13’ 10”.
* The Jagannath temple in Gosai Bazar as a small flat roofed or chandni type, plain, measuring 19’ 5” x 17’ 6”.
* The Raghunatha temple at Gazipur as a flat roofed or ''chandni'' type, with curved cornice, laterite-built with stucco work, measuring 16’ 3” x 16’ 6”.
* The Radhaballava temple at Mitrasenpur as a flat roofed or ''chandni'' type, with curved cornice, laterite-built in 1781, with stucco work, measuring 17’ 2” x 16’ 8”.
* The Raghunatha temple as ''rekha-deul'' or ''pirha-deul'' having a ''pirha'' [[porch]] with base dimension larger than the main temple, laterite built with stucco figures, measuring 15’ 6” square + 19’ 2” square.

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180px" heights="150px">
File:Anantadeva Dalan temple in Mitrasenpur area of Chandrakona Town at Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 20.jpg|Anantadeva ''dalan'' temple in Mitrasenpur, built in 1899
File:Anantadeva Dalan temple in Mitrasenpur area of Chandrakona Town at Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 04.jpg|Terracotta and stucco work in Anantadeava temple
File:Nabaratna Buro Shiva temple at Dakshin Bazar area of Chandrakona town in Paschim Medinipur district. 01.jpg|''Nava-ratna'' Buro Shiva temple at Dakshin Bazar
File:Nabaratna Buro Shiva temple at Dakshin Bazar area of Chandrakona town in Paschim Medinipur district. 03.jpg|Terracotta plaques and stucco work at Buro Shiva temple
File:Aatchala Khalsa Shiva Temple at Chandrakona Town in Paschim Medinipur district in West Bengal 07.jpg|''At-chala'' Khalsa Shiva temple built in 1865 by tambuli merchants
File:Pancha Ratna Radha Gobinda Temple at Ilambazar area of Chandrakona Town 06.jpg|''Pancha-ratna'' Radha Gobinda temple at Ilalmbazar, belongs to the Chabri family, built in 1870
File:Pancha Ratna Radha Gobinda Temple at Ilambazar area of Chandrakona Town 04.jpg|Radhagobinda temple – unskilled restoration work has ruined terracotta plaques
File:Pancha Ratna Radha Gobinda Temple at Ilambazar area of Chandrakona Town 15.jpg|Plaque on the gate of the enclosure of Radhagobinda temple
File:Nabaratna Radha Rasikraya temple in Lalbazar area of Chandrakona Town in Paschim Medinipur district 02.jpg|''Nava-ratna'' Radha Rasikraya temple at Lalbazar, built in the 19th century
File:Ragunathbari Group of Temples at Chandrakona Town of Medinipur district in West Bengal 11.jpg|Raghunathbari Thakubari built in 1831 by Maharaja Tej Chandra of Burdwan
File:Aatchala Shantinath Shiva Temple at Gosaibazar area of Chandrakona Town in Paschim Medinipur 01.jpg|''At-chala'' Shantinath Shiva temple at Gosaibazar
File:Santinath Shiva Temple of Ilambazar Area at Chandrakona town in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal 05.jpg|''Pancha-ratna'' Santinath Shiva temple at Ilambazar
</gallery>

==Notable people==
* [[Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar]], scholar, social reformer and a key figure of the [[Bengal Renaissance]], was born at [[Birsingha]] on 26 September 1820.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Vidyasagar,_Ishwar_Chandra |title= Vidyasagar, Pundit Iswar Chandra |publisher=Banglapedia |access-date=24 July 2016 |last=Murshid |first=Ghulam}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whereincity.com/india/great-indians/literary-persons/ishwar-chandra.php |title=Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar |publisher=www.whereincity.com |access-date=24 July 2016 }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Malleswara Shiva Temple]] – one of the oldest temples in Chandrakona
* [[Chandrakona Jorbangla Temple]] - built in the 17th century it is one of the earliest Jorbangla temples in Bengal

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Chandrakona}}
* [http://www.medinipur.com/ Noticeboard of Medinipur... News, Photo Gallery, Classified and many more]
* [http://www.paschimmedinipur.gov.in/ Paschim Medinipur District Official Website]
* [http://www.purbamedinipur.gov.in/ Purba Medinipur District Official Website]
* [http://www.midnapore.in/ Midnapore - Website for East and West Midnapore]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120306093332/http://www.hindubooks.org/temples/bengal/midnapore/page4.htm On temples of Midnapur]
* [http://www.istonline.org.in/ Institute of Science & Technology, Chandrakona]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120320230137/http://werestore.webs.com/ We Restore, Let's preserve our heritage (An initiative, demanding the conservation of the historical structures of medieval ages of Chandrakona like Palace of King, various temples etc.)]

{{Paschim Medinipur District}}
{{Temple towns in West Bengal}}
{{Paschim Medinipur topics}}
{{Municipalities of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Paschim Medinipur district]]

Vijay Singh Panwar

2026-04-23T05:45:58Z

LashayFmm33111: added a bio...

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Vijay Singh Panwar
| office = Member of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2017
| term_end = 2022
| predecessor = [[Vikram Singh Negi]]
| successor = [[Vikram Singh Negi]]
| constituency = [[Pratapnagar Assembly constituency|Pratapnagar]]
| term_start1 = 2007
| term_end1 = 2012
| predecessor1 = Phool Singh
| successor1 = [[Vikram Singh Negi]]
| constituency1 = [[Pratapnagar Assembly constituency|Pratapnagar]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse =
}}
'''Vijay Singh Panwar''' (nicknamed ''Guddu Bhai'') is an Indian politician from [[Uttarakhand]] who served as Member of [[Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly]] from [[Pratapnagar Assembly constituency|Pratapnagar]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Pratapnagar Assembly Seat Result Update: प्रतापनगर सीट से विजय सिंह पंवार ने कांटे की टक्कर में विक्रम सिंह को दी मात |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/tehri-garhwal-uttarakhand-assembly-pratapanagar-seat-result-live-update-win-loss-vijay-singh-panwar-vikram-singh-negi-sagar-singh-bhandari-nodnc-4039131.html |work=[[News18]] हिंदी |date=10 March 2022 |language=hi}}</ref> as a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from 2007 to 2012 and from 2017 to 2022.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Vijay Singh Panwar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PRATAPNAGAR(TEHRI GARHWAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: | url=http://www.myneta.info/uttarakhand2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=84 | access-date=2025-08-06 | website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=Vijay Singh Panwar(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- PRATAPNAGAR(TEHRI GARHWAL) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: | url=https://www.myneta.info/uttarakhand2017/candidate.php?candidate_id=183 | access-date=2025-08-06 | website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

==Education==
Panwar is a post graduate and he has a degree of L.L.B and M.A from [[Garhwal University]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Panwar, Vijay Singh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:People from Tehri Garhwal district]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2007–2012]]
[[Category:Uttarakhand MLAs 2017–2022]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Uttarakhand-BJP-politician-stub}}

Metropolitan Archbishop of Trichur

2026-04-23T00:51:18Z

LashayFmm33111: New New Stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
[[File:Andrews thazhath, Trichur Archdiose.jpg|thumb|Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur]]
The '''Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur''' is the chief bishop and principal leader of the nearly half a million Syro Malabar Catholics now used to be the largest catholic diocese in [[India]], when it included the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palghat]] and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Ramanathapuram]]. He is also the Archbishop of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]]. The title is more powerful as he is the custodian of [[St. Thomas Church (Palayur)]], where Christianity came to [[Indian sub-continent]], and have two saints, [[Maria Theresa Chiramel]] and [[Euphrasia Eluvathingal]] in the Archdiocese.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.tehelka.com/story_main33.asp?filename=Ne040807classic.asp
|title = Classic battle in Left bastion: Church vs State
|publisher = Tehelka
|accessdate = 2011-01-07
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120913023901/http://www.tehelka.com/story_main33.asp?filename=Ne040807classic.asp
|archive-date = 13 September 2012
|url-status = dead
|df = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2415/stories/20070810504103200.htm
|title = Battle cry
|publisher = Frontline
|accessdate = 2011-01-07
|url-status = usurped
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080417021454/http://www.hinduonnet.com/fline/fl2415/stories/20070810504103200.htm
|archivedate = 2008-04-17
}}</ref>

==Politics==

The Archbishop of Thrissur has been a vocal supporter of [[Christians|Christian]] politicians in [[Thrissur District]] and [[Kerala]] for a long time. But it has been staunch critic against the [[Communist Party of India]] and its policies in [[Kerala]] after [[India]]'s Independence. Later in this decade, the archbishop has emerged as an influential pressure group in [[Kerala]] politics by deciding seats from [[Kerala Legislature]] constituencies to [[India]]'s upper house, [[Lok Sabha]]. [[Thrissur District]]'s assembly constituencies like [[Ollur Assembly Constituency]], [[Chalakudy Assembly Constituency]], [[Manalur Assembly Constituency]], [[Thrissur Assembly Constituency]], [[Wadakkanchery Assembly constituency]] and [[Irinjalakuda Assembly Constituency]] have a significant [[Syro malabar]] population, which elect representatives to [[Kerala Legislature]]. [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]], one of the 20 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Kerala]], is also in [[Thrissur District]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.hinduismtoday.com/blogs-news/hindu-press-international/catholics-want-a-piece-of-kerala-s-political-pie/501.html
|title=Catholics Want a Piece of Kerala's Political Pie
|publisher=Hinduismtoday
|accessdate=2011-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/Church-and-a-state/768970/
|title = Church and a state
|newspaper = The Indian Express
|accessdate = 2011-12-16
}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The trend started when Mar [[Joseph Kundukulam]], the first Archbishop of Thrissur, started friendship with the late former Chief Minister of Kerala, [[K. Karunakaran]]. It is alleged that archdiocese supported [[K. Karunakaran]] in his candidacy to the [[Kerala Legislature]]. This was the start of the bonding between [[Indian National Congress]] and the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]].
<ref>{{cite news
|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/KCBCs-condolence/article15607802.ece
|title=KCBC's condolence
|newspaper=The Hindu
|date=25 December 2010
|accessdate=4 September 2019}}</ref> After the death of Kundukulam, Mar [[Jacob Thoomkuzhy]] was elected as the next archbishop. But Thoomkuzhy was less interested in the [[Kerala]] politics. Later Mar [[Andrews Thazhath]] was selected to head the archdiocese. In 2007, he campaigned against Kerala Chief Minister [[V.S. Achuthanandan]] ruled Government against its policies towards [[Christian Church|Church]] and its institutions. He even threatened [[Communist]]-led Government telling that the Church may re-enact the "Liberation Struggle" of the late 1950s.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://hindu.com/fline/fl2415/stories/20070810504103200.htm
|title = Battle cry
|publisher = Frontline
|accessdate = 2011-12-16
|url-status = dead
|archiveurl = https://archive.today/20130125085302/http://hindu.com/fline/fl2415/stories/20070810504103200.htm
|archivedate = 2013-01-25
}}</ref>

==Oommen Chandy Ministry==
The relations between [[Second Chandy ministry|Oommen Chandy Ministry]] and [[Andrews Thazhath]] was not cordial. The trouble started when [[Indian National Congress]] and Kerala Congress decided to field [[P. C. Chacko]] for [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]] in the [[2014 Indian general election]]. The Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur was not happy with [[P. C. Chacko]] as his performance was very low in earlier terms, that he is not a [[Syro-Malabar Church|Syrian Catholic]] and he was an outsider from [[Thrissur District]]. In 1991, [[P. C. Chacko]] won the [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]] but ran away from the constituency fearing backlash. In 2009, [[Indian National Congress]] forced Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur to accept [[P. C. Chacko]] as the candidate. But in 2014, the Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur was enraged by the decision of [[Indian National Congress]] to field [[P. C. Chacko]] from [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]] as it was looking for a person from [[Thrissur District]] and his lack of interest in the development of [[Thrissur]]. Even [[P. C. Chacko]] decorated high offices like [[Indian National Congress]] national spokesman and Chairman of the Joint Parliamentary Committee, he never thought about the development of [[Thrissur]]. Later on, [[K. P. Dhanapalan]] MP from [[Chalakudy (Lok Sabha constituency)]] was fielded from the [[Thrissur Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/sunday-edition/sunday-pioneer/nation/chackos-escape-brings-thrissur-into-focus.html
|title=CHACKO'S ESCAPE BRINGS THRISSUR INTO FOCUS
|publisher=Daily Pioneer
|accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/highlights/story/congress-pt-thomas-pc-chacko-idukki-syro-malabar-catholic-church-184825-2014-03-13
|title=Congress bows to church: Drops PT Thomas, moves PC Chacko
|publisher=IndiaToday
|access-date=2014-08-13}}</ref>

==List of bishops and archbishops of [[Thrissur]]==

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 95%;"
|-
! colspan="4" style="background-color: #7F1734; color: white;" | Bishops and archbishops of [[Thrissur]]
|-
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 8%;" | From
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 8%;" | Until
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 22%;" | Incumbent
! style="background-color: #D4B1BB; width: 57%;" | Notes

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1887
| style="text-align: center;" | 1896
| '''[[Adolph Medlycott]] '''
| First and only Bishop from outside [[Kerala]] to be consecrated as the Bishop of [[Thrissur]] in the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Archdiocese of Thrissur]]. Consecrated on 11 December 1887, resigned in 1896, died on 4 May 1918.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1896
| style="text-align: center;" | 1919
| '''[[John Menachery]]'''
| Consecrated on 25 October, died on 19 December 1919.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1921
| style="text-align: center;" | 1942
| '''[[Francis Vazhapilly]]'''
| Consecrated on 6 July 1921, died on 12 May 1942.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1944
| style="text-align: center;" | 1970
| '''[[George Alapatt]]'''
| Consecrated on 1 May 1944, died on 6 November 1973.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1970
| style="text-align: center;" | 1997
| '''[[Joseph Kundukulam]]'''
| First Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur. Nominated on 4 June 1970, consecrated on 16 August 1970, died on 26 April 1998.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 1997
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007
| '''[[Jacob Thoomkuzhy]]'''
| Second Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| style="text-align: center;" | 2007
| style="text-align: center;" | Present
| '''[[Andrews Thazhath]]'''
| Third Metropolitan Archbishop of Thrissur.

|- valign="top" style="background-color: #F7F0F2;"
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center;" | '''Source(s):'''<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://trichurarchdiocese.org/ContentPage.aspx?sid=52
|title=Former Bishops
|publisher=Trichur Archdiocese
|accessdate=2011-12-16
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110712085942/http://trichurarchdiocese.org/ContentPage.aspx?sid=52
|archivedate=2011-07-12
}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{thrissur topics}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Archdiocese of Thrissur]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Thrissur]]
[[Category:Organizations with year of establishment missing]]

Engineering Agricultural and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test

2026-04-22T06:43:15Z

LashayFmm33111: put up a entry

{{Short description|Entrance examination in India}}
{{use Indian English|date=May 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox examination|name=Engineering Agricultural and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test|acronym=EAPCET|type=Computer-based standardised test|test_admin=[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada|JNTU, Kakinada]] ({{small|AP EAPCET}}) [[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad|JNTU, Hyderabad]] ({{small|TG EAPCET}})|purpose=Admission to undergraduate engineering, agriculture and pharmacy (including veterinary) courses in various colleges across the states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Telangana]]|skills_tested=|year_started={{Start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|1986}}|duration=180 minutes|score_range=0 to 160|regions=India|language=[[English language|English]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]]|website=}}

'''Engineering Agricultural and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test''' ('''EAPCET''') is an entrance examination held separately in the Indian states of [[Andhra Pradesh]] ('''AP EAPCET''') and [[Telangana]] ('''TG EAPCET''') for admission into various undergraduate colleges across both the states in the streams of Engineering, Agriculture and Pharmacy (including Veterinary).<ref name="tseamcet">{{cite web|url=https://eamcet.tsche.ac.in/TSEAMCET/AboutUs.aspx|title=About Us|website=TSCHE|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="apeamcet">{{cite web|url=https://sche.ap.gov.in/EAMCET/EamcetHomePages/AboutUS.aspx|title=About Us|website=APCHE|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

AP EAPCET is being held since 1986. After the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, TG EAPCET is being held separately in Telangana, since 2015.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-05-14 |title=Telangana's first EAMCET |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/telanganas-first-eamcet/article7205847.ece |access-date=2024-04-24 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-12 |title=null |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/about-eamcet-1463031033-1 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=Jagranjosh.com |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The exam was started in 1986 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] as "Engineering Medical Common Entrance Test (EMCET)". It is a yearly examination taken by a large number of engineering and medical aspirants for the entrance into undergraduate colleges across [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was later renamed as "Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test (EAMCET)", where the exam for Agriculture courses were also included. This is the entrance exam for engineering ('E' category), agriculture ('A' category) and pharmacy ('P' category) for admission to BE/BArch/BTech/BPharm, etc.

After the bifurcation of [[Andhra Pradesh]] in 2014, the exam was renamed as AP EAMCET and TS EAMCET, for Andhra Pradesh and [[Telangana]] states respectively. The exam was conducted on 22 May 2014. There has been controversy regarding the EAMCET counselling after the state was split into Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. The APSCHE (Andhra Pradesh State Council for Higher Education) has issued the notification for counselling starting 1 August of the academic year and all seats should be positively filled by 15 August 2014. The Telangana government has filed a suit in Supreme court to delay the counselling. The Supreme Court on 1 August 2014 reserved verdict on Telangana State's application seeking extension of the time schedule for counselling for admissions to engineering and medicine for 2014-15 till 31 October. The Supreme court has made it clear that it could extend the counselling for one month and not beyond 31 August 2014. The bench also said there could be no question of preference being given to 'locals' in admission to colleges within Telangana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Supreme court orders to Finish EAMCET counselling by 31 August |url=http://deccan-journal.com/content/finish-eamcet-counselling-august-31st-supreme-court |access-date=4 August 2014 |work=Deccan-Journal}}</ref>

AP EAMCET 2016 exam was held on 29 April 2016. This was conducted by JNTU on behalf of APSCHE. TS EAMCET 2016 exam was held on 15 May 2016. TS Eamcet 3 exam was held on 11 September 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 August 2016 |title=TS EAMCET 3 Exam Date |url=http://www.telangananewspaper.com/2016-eamcet-3-exam-notification-released/ |publisher=TelanganaNewspaper}}</ref> Both AP EAMCET and TS EAMCET extended the application form deadline due to COVID-19 in 2020. TS EAMCET 2020 Exam Dates has been revised. The examination will be conducted from 9 to 14 September 2020 (for Engineering) and 9 & 11 September 2020 (for Agriculture). APEAMCET-2020 test will be conducted on 17th to 25th, September 2020.

Since the inception of EAMCET, it used to be the entrance exam for medical colleges in Andhra Pradesh (later Telangana also), but after the introduction of [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Undergraduate)|NEET (UG)]] and [[National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (Postgraduate)|NEET (PG)]] in 2013, it the latter two have become the mandatory entrance exams for medical colleges across the nation. So, the government decided to remove the letter M in EAMCET which stands for medicine, and instead add P which stands for pharmacy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TS EAPCET 2024 : ఇకపై తెలంగాణ‌లో కూడా 'ఎంసెట్' కాదు.. EAPCET..? కార‌ణం ఇదే..? |url=https://education.sakshi.com/eamcet/education-news/ts-eamcet-name-changed-ts-eapcet-news-telugu-147506 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=[[Sakshi (newspaper)|Sakshi]] |language=te}}</ref> The name AP EAMCET was renamed to AP EAPCET in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-20 |title=Eamcet set to be renamed Eapcet |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/200621/eamcet-set-to-be-renamed-eapcet.html |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |language=en}}</ref> Similarly, TS EAMCET was also renamed to TG EAPCET in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2024-01-15 |title=TS EAMCET to be renamed |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/telangana/ts-eamcet-to-be-renamed-851428 |access-date=2024-04-24 |website=[[The Hans India]] |language=en}}</ref> Prior to the exam, the [[Government of Telangana]] has made it official to use nomenclature of TG instead of TS. Thus, the exam in Telangana was abbreviated as TG EAPCET.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-05-17 |title=Telangana to be officially referred as 'TG' instead of 'TS' |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/cm-firm-on-having-states-identity-as-tg-not-ts/article68187923.ece |access-date=2024-06-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2024-05-18 |title='TG' replaces 'TS' as Telangana's abbreviation |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/telangana/tg-replaces-ts-as-telanganas-abbreviation |access-date=2024-06-25 |website=The News Minute |language=en}}</ref> In 2024, the AP EAPCET examination was conducted from 16 May 2024 to 22 May 2024.

== Eligibility ==
Candidates should have passed or appeared for the final year of intermediate examination (10+2) with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as optional or related vocational courses in the fields of Engineering and Technology held by the Board of Intermediate Education or Diploma Examination in Engineering/Architecture conducted by the State Board of Technical Education & Training or equivalent. Candidates must have Indian nationality.

== Organizing body ==
Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education and Telangana State Council of Higher Education conduct the exams AP EAPCET and TG EAPCET respectively.

=== Organizing institutes ===
The below list shows the institute that conducts the exam.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Andhra Pradesh
!Year
!Exam
!Administrator
|-
|1986–2014
|EAMCET
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]]
|-
|2015–2020
|AP EAMCET
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada]]
|-
|2021–present
|AP EAPCET
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Telangana
!Year
!Exam
!Administrator
|-
|2015–2023
|TS EAMCET
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad]]
|-
|2024–present
|TG EAPCET
|}

== References ==
<references />
{{Standardized tests in India}}

[[Category:Education in Telangana]]
[[Category:Education in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Standardised tests in India]]
[[Category:Engineering entrance examinations in India]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Khosla Ka Ghosla

2026-04-18T04:18:18Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|2006 Indian film by Dibakar Banerjee}}
{{good article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Khosla Ka Ghosla
| image = Khosla Ka Ghosla.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Dibakar Banerjee]]
| producer = Savita Raj Hiremath [[Ronnie Screwvala]]
| writer = [[Jaideep Sahni]]
| starring = [[Anupam Kher]] [[Boman Irani]] [[Parvin Dabas]] [[Vinay Pathak]] [[Ranvir Shorey]] [[Tara Sharma]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Bapi–Tutul]] Dhruv Dhalla '''Background Score:''' [[Bapi–Tutul]]
| cinematography = [[Amitabha Singh]]
| editing = Sejal Painter
| distributor = [[UTV Motion Pictures]]
| studio = Tandav Film Production
| released = {{Film date|2006|09|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget = {{Estimation}}{{INRConvert|3.75|c}}<ref name="boi">{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla |url=http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/khosla_ka_ghosla |website=[[Box Office India]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150804222943/http://www.boxofficeindia.com/Movies/movie_detail/khosla_ka_ghosla#.Vzt9vORn2W4 |archive-date=4 August 2015 |access-date=17 May 2016}}</ref>
| gross = {{Estimation}}{{INRConvert|6.67|c}} (India Net Collection)<ref name="boi" />
}}
'''''Khosla Ka Ghosla''''' ({{translation|Khosla's nest}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[comedy drama]] film directed by [[Dibakar Banerjee]], in his directorial debut. It was produced by Savita Raj Hiremath under the Taandav Films label and [[Ronnie Screwvala]] from [[UTV Motion Pictures]]. Written by [[Jaideep Sahni]], the film stars [[Anupam Kher]], [[Boman Irani]], [[Parvin Dabas]], [[Vinay Pathak]], [[Ranvir Shorey]] and [[Tara Sharma]] in the lead roles. The story follows Kamal Kishore Khosla (Kher), a middle-class [[Delhi]]ite and his family's attempt to reclaim their land which has been seized by a builder, Khurana (Irani).

Banerjee, an advertising filmmaker, wanted to make a feature film which showcased Delhi the way it is. The initial idea conceived by Hiremath and Sahni was about a [[generation gap]]. After finishing the script, Sahni informed Banerjee that he had found a producer in Delhi and asked him if he wanted to direct the film; Banerjee agreed to do so. The film had no buyers for two years during which time editing continued. The team showed the film to several people who loved it but were unwilling to back it. In 2006, UTV Motion Pictures stepped in and distributed the film.

''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' was screened at the 2006 [[Kara Film Festival]] and was released on 22 September 2006 to positive critical reception. It won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] at the [[54th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{cite web | title=15 years of Khosla Ka Ghosla: A film that lives on | date=22 September 2021 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/15-years-of-khosla-ka-ghosla-a-film-that-lives-on-101632302858423.html }}</ref> Made on a production budget of ₹3.75 [[crore]], the film earned a total of ₹6.67 crore India Net at the domestic box-office, making it a commercial success. It was later remade in 2008 in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Poi Solla Porom]]'' and in [[Kannada]] as ''[[Rame Gowda vs Krishna Reddy]]'' in 2010.

==Plot==
Kamal Kishore Khosla ([[Anupam Kher]]) is a middle-aged [[upper-middle-class]] man residing in [[New Delhi]]. His family includes his kind, supportive wife, Sudha ([[Kiran Juneja]]); their hot-headed, impulsive older son, Balwant ([[Ranvir Shorey]]), also known as Bunty; their ambitious, idealistic younger son, Chiraunji Lal ([[Parvin Dabas]]), also known as Cherry; and their confident, [[tomboy]]ish daughter, Nikki (Rupam Bajwa). Kamal is an ordinary man with simple tastes, who fears that he is so insignificant in life that his own family would not care about him even if he dies. The film begins with a scene of Kamal waking up in the morning after having a nightmare about his own death, where the irony is that no one cares about his death at all, and all his family members and neighbours are more interested in their materialistic needs instead. Kamal has spent all the hard-earned savings of his life from his [[provident fund]] to purchase a [[Land lot|plot of land]] in [[South Delhi]]. The total cost for the land was [[₹]]30 [[lakh]]s as well as additional ₹5 lakhs as commission for Vijendar (Rajendra Sethi), the [[broker]] who had facilitated the plot purchase for Kamal. At the prime land, Kamal intends to construct a new two-storey house for his family and also hopes that the location will be convenient for Cherry's workplace. However, Cherry, a [[software engineer]], is not too enthusiastic about his father's plans and intends to move to [[New York City|New York]], [[United States|America]] to take up a job there, although he has not revealed this to his family yet. The only people Cherry discusses this matter with is his girlfriend, Meghna Chopra ([[Tara Sharma]]), a small-time theatre actress, and Asif Iqbal ([[Vinay Pathak]]), the travel agent helping him with his [[passport]] and [[Travel visa|visa]] paperwork. Meghna is upset with Cherry's decision and unsuccessfully convinces him to stay and support his father in the interim instead. Asif mocks Cherry's name, "Chiraunji Lal", as it is very old-fashioned, causing him to feel ashamed and declare to his family that he wishes to change his name. Kamal initially taunts Cherry over his decision, but his friend and neighbour, Amar Singh Sahni ([[Vinod Nagpal]]), makes him realise that times have changed and that he should understand Cherry's perspective. Sahni also advises Kamal to spend quality time with Cherry over [[Alcoholic beverage|drinks]]. After Cherry returns home from work that day, Kamal and Bunty organise a drinks night for him, but he turns furious and states that he does not drink, causing a heated argument between Kamal and Cherry. Kamal insists that Cherry must participate in family matters and fulfill all his responsibilities, when Cherry reveals his decision to move to New York after a formal job interview, disheartening his family.

During their visit to the plot for the ritual of Bhoomipujan, the Khoslas are surprised to discover that their land has been enroached upon by a group of [[squatter]]s. On further enquiry with Vijendar, they realise that all the squatters are part of a property-usurping [[Organised crime in India|underworld]] headed by an unscrupulous and powerful local [[Real estate development|builder]], Kishan Khurana ([[Boman Irani]]). Vijendar advises Kamal to personally meet with Khurana in order to sort out the matter. Kamal and Bunty visit Khurana and his assistant, Munjal ([[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]]), at Khurana's [[farmhouse]], only to be directed back to Vijendar by Khurana. It eventually turns out that Vijendar was Khurana's accomplice in the plan and advises Kamal and Bunty to bid for the plot in order to reclaim it. However, the cost demanded is around 50% of the initial price of the plot, amounting to ₹15 lakhs, which Kamal neither has nor agrees to pay. Kamal, Bunty, Cherry, and Sahni appeal to local government authorities and political agencies (police, lawyers, ministers, and social workers) for assistance regarding this matter. Unfortunately, none of these entities are willing to confront Khurana and instead, offer nothing more than to get the amount demanded by Khurana reduced to around ₹10 lakhs in exchange for hefty commissions of around ₹2 lakhs for mediating, leaving Kamal aghast. Moved by his father's helplessness, Bunty decides to take action and seeks help from a gang of local wrestlers, who demolish the boundary walls built by Khurana's henchmen and successfully reclaim the plot by force. Nevertheless, this victory is short-lived as the police arrive and arrest Kamal on false charges of [[trespass to land]], orchestrated by Khurana. After spending a day in prison, he is acquitted at Khurana's guileful behest along with a revised offer of ₹12 lakhs. As a result, Kamal's will and pride are both shattered and he resigns to his fate, feeling incapable of fighting back. He pleads with his family to avoid taking any further action, and encourages Cherry to concentrate on the new impending job he is seeking in New York.

However, Cherry, finally understanding the worth of his father, is now determined to help him and meets with Meghna, who cheers him up to support his family. Moreover, Cherry and Meghna visit Asif and discuss the grim situation with him. Asif reveals to them that he has been a former accomplice of Khurana, and that he was cheated by him too for Khurana having usurped Asif's own ancestral land. Asif offers an astute plan for the Khoslas to deceive Khurana and obtain money from him in order to secure their plot. Cherry, Asif, Meghna, and Bunty orchestrate a drama for Khurana involving another plot of land owned by the "[[Fisheries]] Department", which is of nine [[acre]]s and is right next to the [[National highways of India|highway]], but has been vacant for decades. Moreover, they seek help from Bapu ([[Navin Nischol]]), Meghna's mentor and the manager of a [[theatre group]], to act as "M. L. Sethi", an industrialist from [[Dubai]], [[UAE]] and the owner of the land, as well as Mani ([[Nitesh Pandey]]), another actor in Bapu's theatre group, to act as his assistant. Kamal is totally against this drama as he wishes for Cherry to focus on his new impending career in New York and not get trapped with his domestic issues, but Sahni convinces Kamal to give Cherry consent. As part of their drama, Cherry, Asif, Meghna, and Bunty provide Bapu and Mani two mobile phones with numbers of Dubai, a rented [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] car with a driver, and a room in a [[Hotel rating|5-star hotel]]. They begin the drama with Bapu meeting Vijendar at the hotel and treating him rudely (as Bapu does not deal with brokers) to create the illusion that he has a prime land to sell. Vijendar brings Khurana and Munjal into the picture, and the three of them finally arrive to meet Bapu and Mani at the hotel. In the meeting, Bapu uses Khurana's love for [[Vaishno Devi|Mata Vaishnodevi]] to create a personal bond with him, while refusing to acknowledge Munjal and Vijendar. Khurana wishes to see the plot and the appointment is fixed for Friday. The rest of the actors in Bapu's theatre group help create a convincing scenario for Khurana, Munjal, and Vijendar, prompting them to believe the authenticity of the land and its owner, "Sethi Associates".

Later, Bapu and Mani present the fake property documents for the plot provided by Asif to Khurana and Munjal, and Khurana agrees to purchase the plot from Bapu for ₹1.4 [[crore]]s along with ₹35 lakhs as [[advance payment]] in cash. Vijendar demands 3% share of the plot deal, but is silently excluded by Khurana and Munjal. Before the payment, Khurana and Munjal request to visit the land again, forcing the Khoslas, Meghna, and Asif themselves to secretly take on the roles of the labourers there, as all the actors in Bapu's theatre group have now gone to [[Bangalore]] to perform at [[film festival]]s. After the visit, Khurana and Munjal insistently take Bapu and Mani to Khurana's farmhouse for a drink. At the Khoslas' home, everyone is tremendously worried about Khurana cleverly coercing Bapu into confessing the truth about ''Sethi Associates'' not being a legitimate party. However, Bapu and Mani successfully deceive Khurana, who himself becomes drunk instead, and Munjal, taking the ₹35 lakhs in cash from Khurana's farmhouse to the Khoslas' home, which Bapu and Mani proceed to hand over to Cherry, Asif, and others, leaving them all ecstatic. The next morning, Kamal and Cherry visit Khurana and Munjal at Khurana's farmhouse and pay the ransom of ₹12 lakhs from the obtained cash. As a result, Kamal finally regains the possession of his plot, while Khurana is forced to vacate their land. The remaining cash is divided equally between the Khoslas, Asif, and Bapu's theatre group. Cherry decides to change his name to "Chirag", and abandons his plans to move to New York, while Bunty begins his own real estate business. Cherry and Meghna get married, and settle down with Cherry's family in their newly constructed house, "New Khosla Kunj", on the plot. The film ends with a scene of Khurana learning from Munjal that he has been deceived, and deciding to cover up the sham deal with Sethi Associates in order to protect his own reputation, having tasted his own medicine.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Anupam Kher]] as Kamal Kishore Khosla
*[[Boman Irani]] as Kishen Khurana
*[[Parvin Dabas]] as Chiraunji Lal "Cherry/Chirag" Khosla
*[[Vinay Pathak]] as Asif Iqbal
*[[Ranvir Shorey]] as Balwant "Bunty" Khosla
*[[Tara Sharma]] as Meghna Chopra/Imarti
*[[Kiran Juneja]] as Sudha Khosla
*Rajendra Sethi as Vijendar
*Rupam Bajwa as Nikki Khosla
*[[Vinod Nagpal]] as Mr Amar Sawhney
*[[Navin Nischol]] as Bapu / M. L. Sethi
*[[Nitesh Pandey]] as Mani
*Anusha Lall as Katori
*[[V K Sharma]] as Insan Singh
*[[Rajesh Sharma (actor)|Rajesh Sharma]] as Munjal
*[[Danish Aslam]] as Inspector
}}

== Production ==
[[Dibakar Banerjee]], who was making advertisement films in Delhi, wished to make a feature film "which portrayed Delhi as it is".<ref name="oral">{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla! Turns 10: An Oral History |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/khosla-ka-ghosla-turns-10-oral-history |last=Sinha |first=Sayoni |date=22 September 2016 |website=Film Companion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203083600/https://www.filmcompanion.in/features/khosla-ka-ghosla-turns-10-oral-history |archive-date=3 December 2022 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> The initial idea of the generation gap was conceived by Savita Raj Hiremath and her writer friend [[Jaideep Sahni]], who had worked with Banerjee on advertising films. Sahni said the soul of ''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' was derived from their experience of growing up in a middle-class house in Delhi.<ref name=oral /> The first half of the film was based on Sahni's personal experience of an incident in his family which left an impression on him. He thought about "how our entire system can so callously and efficiently come together in no time to exploit a common man in trouble."<ref name=oral /> Later Sahni informed Banerjee that he had found a producer from Delhi and asked him if he wanted to direct the film; Banerjee agreed to do so.<ref name="bad">{{Cite web |title=I love bad-guy Khurana of Khosla Ka Ghosla: director |url=https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/i-love-bad-guy-khurana-of-khosla-ka-ghosla-director/ |last=Masand |first=Rajeev |author-link=Rajeev Masand |website=Rajeevmasand.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110133754/https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/i-love-bad-guy-khurana-of-khosla-ka-ghosla-director/ |archive-date=10 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> Banerjee said a real life experience when Sahni witnessed his father being insulted by someone powerful, helped them to develop the character of the antagonist Khurana.<ref name="bad" /> Sahni worked on the story for a year-and-a-half and finished in 2003.{{Sfn|Chaturvedi|Kumar|2015|p=20}} Both Banerjee and Sahni first approached [[Anupam Kher]] to play Kamal Kishore Khosla; he was "hooked" after their discussions.<ref name=oral />

[[Vinay Pathak]] had auditioned for Khurana's character for which [[Boman Irani]] was eventually selected, but the team liked Pathak's audition and offered him the role of Asif Iqbal. [[Ranvir Shorey]] was selected for the role of Balwant after two or three rounds of auditions.<ref name=oral /> The role of Khurana was also offered to [[Rishi Kapoor]] who refused it. Hiremath felt this was because "commercially, it (the role) wasn't working for him."<ref name=oral /> Irani had also initially refused the offer to play Khurana as he felt he was unsuitable for the role of a builder from Delhi since he was a Mumbai-born Parsi. He accepted the role after "a lot of people had raised their eyebrows" at his decision and he felt determined to make it work. Irani drove around and listened to interviews recorded with actual property dealers.<ref name=oral /> He also watched real footage captured using hidden cameras to understand how they behaved.<ref name="filmfare">{{Cite web |title=100 Filmfare Days: 96- Khosla Ka Ghosla |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-96-khosla-ka-ghosla-6738-1.html |date=16 July 2014 |website=[[Filmfare]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110183355/https://www.filmfare.com/features/100-filmfare-days-96-khosla-ka-ghosla-6738-1.html |archive-date=10 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref> Kher said that he tried to boost the team's morale as the film was made while enduring a lot of stress. [[Tara Sharma]] was selected for the role of Meghna after an audition.<ref name=oral /> Banerjee was initially reluctant to give [[Parvin Dabas]] the role of Chiraunjilal as he thought the latter would not be able to do justice to the "layered character". Dabas was later cast in the role after a recommendation and an audition.<ref name=oral /> [[Navin Nischol]] was cast as Bapu.<ref name="bh">{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla Cast & Crew |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/khosla-ka-ghosla/cast/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=22 September 2006 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110183908/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/khosla-ka-ghosla/cast/ |archive-date=10 January 2019 |access-date=10 January 2019}}</ref>

During the course of filming, Banerjee kept Irani separate from the rest of the cast as he did not want them to meet.<ref name="first">{{Cite AV media |title=My First Film: Dibakar Banerjee: Khosla Ka Ghosla: Anupama Chopra: Film Companion |date=19 November 2018 |publisher=Film Companion |place=India |work=YouTube}}</ref> During filming, the investors demanded the addition of action sequences, an [[item song]] and changes in the cast. The team did not fancy these changes so Padmalaya Telefilms, their first investor, backed out of the project. Hiremath said that she had to "shell out cash" from her other company.<ref name=oral /> The film's small budget meant there were limited reels to shoot. After the filming finished, the team had no money for post-production. The entire film was shot in 45 days in Delhi during the summer.<ref name=oral /><ref>{{Cite news |date=14 October 2006 |title=The first rush |work=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-first-rush/cid/1540962 |url-status=live |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210518/https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/the-first-rush/cid/1540962 |archive-date=14 January 2019}}</ref>

The entire opening dream sequence was filmed in one take using a hand-held camera to give it a "separate look from the rest of the film".<ref name=first /> [[Amitabha Singh]] served as the [[director of photography]], while Sejal Painter was the editor.<ref name=bh /> Banerjee had a different, sad ending for the film, but opted for Sahni's version of a more optimistic ending after realising his idea would make the film darker.<ref name="bad" /> The film did not have any buyers for two years. During this period editing continued. The team showed the film to several people who loved it but were unwilling to back it.{{Sfn|Chaturvedi|Kumar|2015|p=22}} Banerjee said that he gave up on releasing the film after several rejections.<ref name=first /> Later, in 2006, [[UTV Motion Pictures]] stepped in and distributed the film.<ref name=oral />

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack album of ''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' was composed by Dhruv Dhalla and [[Bapi–Tutul]] while the lyrics were written by Jaideep Sahni.<ref name="fm">{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla – Music Review |url=https://www.filmibeat.com/music/reviews/2006/khosla-ka-ghosla-290806.html |last=Tuteja |first=Joginder |date=29 August 2006 |website=[[Oneindia|Filmibeat]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195111/https://www.filmibeat.com/music/reviews/2006/khosla-ka-ghosla-290806.html |archive-date=12 January 2019 |access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref> It consists of five songs with vocals by [[Kailash Kher]], [[Kunal Ganjawala]], [[Sowmya Raoh]], [[Adnan Sami]] and Qadar Niazi Qawwal. Savita, the film's producer, managed to raise some funds for the music and Sahni wrote the lyrics the same day as he was worried they might miss the opportunity.<ref name=oral /> This was Dhalla's debut film. Banerjee called him after hearing his music samples and asked him to create "a Punjabi number based on the loud attitude of Delhi." Dhalla composed the tune for "Chak De Phattey" in three hours.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The man behind Chak De Phatte |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/24dhruv.htm |last=N |first=Patcy |date=24 November 2006 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161103100704/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/nov/24dhruv.htm |archive-date=3 November 2016 |access-date=12 January 2019}}</ref>

The album received moderate reviews. Joginder Tuteja of [[Bollywood Hungama|IndiaFM]] called it an "average soundtrack with two songs standing out." Further writing: "While 'Chak De Phattey' is a potential chartbuster, 'Intezar Aitbaar Tumse Pyaar' makes for an easy-on-ears listening."<ref name=fm />

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| title1 = Chak De Phattey
| lyrics1 = [[Jaideep Sahni]]
| music1 = Dhruv Dhalla
| extra1 = [[Kailash Kher]]
| length1 = 5:46
| title2 = Din Din Gin Gin
| lyrics2 = Jaideep Sahni
| music2 = Dhruv Dhalla
| extra2 = [[Kunal Ganjawala]]
| length2 = 5:26
| title3 = Isse Pyar Kaise Karoon
| lyrics3 = Jaideep Sahni
| music3 = Dhruv Dhalla
| extra3 = Kunal Ganjawala, [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| length3 = 4:08
| title4 = Ab Kya Karenge
| lyrics4 = Jaideep Sahni
| music4 = Bapi-Tutul
| extra4 = [[Adnan Sami]]
| length4 = 4:24
| title5 = Intezaar Aitbaar Tumse Pyaar
| lyrics5 = Jaideep Sahni
| music5 = Dhruv Dhalla
| extra5 = Qadar Niazi Qawwal, [[Sowmya Raoh]]
| length5 = 4:22
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' was screened at the 2006 [[Kara Film Festival]] and the [[Hay Festival]] in 2012.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 November 2006 |title=Omkara, Khosla ka Ghosla at Kara film festival |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/omkara-khosla-ka-ghosla-at-kara-film-festival/story-k5hSiKlGXe47J5w6BYXjHL.html |url-status=live |access-date=13 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232330/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/omkara-khosla-ka-ghosla-at-kara-film-festival/story-k5hSiKlGXe47J5w6BYXjHL.html |archive-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla – Screening |url=https://www.hayfestival.com/p-4575-khosla-ka-ghosla-screening.aspx |website=[[Hay Festival]] |date=2 June 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210507/https://www.hayfestival.com/p-4575-khosla-ka-ghosla-screening.aspx |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> It was released theatrically on 22 September 2006 on 125 screens throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=387 |website=Box Office India |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114210719/https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=387 |archive-date=14 January 2019 |access-date=14 January 2019}}</ref> The film was released on the DVD format on 6 November 2006 and is also available on the online streaming platform, [[Disney+ Hotstar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla |url= https://www.hotstar.com/in/movies/khosla-ka-ghosla/1260087476}}</ref>

=== Critical response ===
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' opened to widespread critical acclaim upon release. [[Rajeev Masand]] lauded the film for its "refreshingly original plot, bang-on casting, killer soundtrack and such crisp editing that there is never a dull moment".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Masand's verdict: Khosla Ka Ghosla |url=https://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-khosla-ka-ghosla/ |website=RajeevMasand.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813014048/http://www.rajeevmasand.com/uncategorized/masands-verdict-khosla-ka-ghosla/ |archive-date=13 August 2018 |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> A review in ''[[The Times of India]]'' called it "a small, unpretentious venture with some real funny performances".<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 September 2006 |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla Movie Review |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/khosla-ka-ghosla/movie-review/2019272.cms |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190805145910/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/movie-reviews/khosla-ka-ghosla/movie-review/2019272.cms |archive-date=5 August 2019}}</ref> [[Raja Sen]] described the film as the "best comedy Bollywood has seen in the last two decades", adding: "The everyday detailing is exquisite, as is the ensemble cast dealing with a frighteningly realistic first half escaping into a breezily unreal second half. It's sheer magic."<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 November 2008 |title=Why I like... Khosla Ka Ghosla |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750100400.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=15 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223031311/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2008/11/07/stories/2008110750100400.htm |archive-date=23 February 2014}}</ref>

Kaveree Bamzai of ''[[India Today]]'' declared the film as "a class apart.": "It brings back an innocence to movies missing in the ''sturm und drang'' of big budgets and bigger stars."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bamzai |first=Kaveree |date=9 October 2006 |title=A class apart |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/your-week/story/20061009-film-review-khosla-ka-ghosla-by-dibakar-banerjee-782365-2006-10-08 |url-status=live |access-date=15 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223010218/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/film-review-khosla-ka-ghosla-by-dibakar-banerjee/1/180582.html |archive-date=23 February 2014}}</ref>
Sukanya Verma of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' felt the film was charming for its "striking believability and everyday simplicity." However, she noted that it "felt longer than it was."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla: Charming |url=http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/22khosla.htm |last=Verma |first=Sukanya |date=22 September 2006 |website=Rediff.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020031847/http://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/sep/22khosla.htm |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=15 February 2014}}</ref> [[Namrata Joshi]] described the film as "utterly discreet and unassuming", one that "tries to bring back the clean and simple story-telling of [[Sai Paranjpye]] and [[Hrishikesh Mukherjee]]."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Joshi |first=Namrata |date=2 October 2006 |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/khosla-ka-ghosla/232688 |url-status=live |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401081444/https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/khosla-ka-ghosla/232688 |archive-date=1 April 2019}}</ref> [[Taran Adarsh]] noted that the film "loses sparkle in the second hour". He also concluded that on the whole "''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' is a well scripted and executed film that is sure to stand out in the crowd."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla |url=http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/531174 |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |date=22 September 2006 |website=Bollywood Hungama |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222213507/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/criticreview/id/531174 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=15 February 2014}}</ref>

Sudhish Kamath of ''[[The Hindu]]'' included the film on his list of top 10 movies of the decade 2000–2009 saying: "Dibakar Banerjee and Sahni on a shoestring budget chose to bat for the common man's struggle against the powerful and reunited the individual self back with the family."<ref>{{Cite web |title=A decade of Hindi cinema – A review |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-decade-of-hindi-cinema-a-review/article69897.ece |last=Kamath |first=Sudhish |date=24 December 2009 |website=The Hindu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222065304/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/a-decade-of-hindi-cinema-a-review/article69897.ece |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=16 February 2014}}</ref> David Parkinson of ''[[Radio Times]]'' wrote: "Switching between bright comedy and social drama, this is Bollywood entertainment with a conscience."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Parkinson |first=David |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla! |work=[[Radio Times]] |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/film/hqhvd/ |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=28 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528203153/https://www.radiotimes.com/film/hqhvd/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> In September 2018, Bhaskar Chawla of [[Arre (brand)|''Arre'']] noted that the film had "set the template for what was to become a new direction in Hindi cinema" that went "beyond the conventional formula of Bollywood."<ref>{{Cite web |title=12 Years of Khosla Ka Ghosla: The Perfect Portrayal of Middle-Class India |url=https://www.arre.co.in/bollywood/khosla-ka-ghosla-middle-class-india/ |last=Chawla |first=Bhaskar |date=22 September 2018 |website=[[Arre (brand)|Arre]] |access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref>

=== Box office ===
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' was made on a production budget of approximately {{INRConvert|3.75|c}}.<ref name="boi" /> It earned {{INRConvert|26|l}} on its opening day and a total of {{INRConvert|1.01|c}} at the end of the opening weekend.<ref name="bu">{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla Box Office |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/khosla-ka-ghosla/box-office/ |website=Bollywood Hungama |date=22 September 2006 |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref> At the end of its first week, the collection was {{INRConvert|1.65|c}}. The film earned a total of {{INRConvert|6.67|c}} India Net at the box office after the end of its theatrical run.<ref name=bh /> The gross figure is {{INRConvert|9.1|c}} including worldwide collection of {{INRConvert|0.32|c}}.<ref name=bu />

=== Awards ===
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] at the [[54th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=54th National Film Awards |url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029193647/http://dff.nic.in/2011/54th_nff_2006.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2013 |access-date=24 March 2012}}</ref> In October 2015, Banerjee decided to return the award to the government along with 12 other filmmakers, to protest the [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]]'s refusal to roll back [[Film and Television Institute of India]]'s appointment of [[Gajendra Chauhan]] as its chairman.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ansari |first=Humaira |date=29 October 2015 |title=12 filmmakers return national awards, protest 'growing intolerance' |work=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/10-filmmakers-return-national-awards-over-growing-intolerance-ftii-row/story-9N1XOrEe1NAIDcZ4dLlNLP.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121164627/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/10-filmmakers-return-national-awards-over-growing-intolerance-ftii-row/story-9N1XOrEe1NAIDcZ4dLlNLP.html |archive-date=21 January 2016}}</ref> The film's producer, Savita Raj Hiremath, claimed that Banerjee had no right to return the award since it was given to the film and not him.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Not Dibakar Banerjee's award to return, tweets 'Khosla Ka Ghosla' producer; Raveena Tandon calls him a 'joke' |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/not-dibakar-banerjees-award-return-tweets-khosla-ka-ghosla-producer-raveena-tandon-calls-him-653436 |last=Mehta |first=Ankita |date=5 November 2015 |website=[[International Business Times]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528124810/http://www.ibtimes.co.in/not-dibakar-banerjees-award-return-tweets-khosla-ka-ghosla-producer-raveena-tandon-calls-him-653436 |archive-date=28 May 2016 |access-date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

== Post-release ==
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' is considered by many critics as one of the best films by Banerjee.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Anurag Kashyap Is Great, But Let's Take A Moment To Appreciate The Genius That's Dibakar Banerjee |url=https://www.scoopwhoop.com/dibakar-banerjee-is-one-of-the-best-directors/ |last=Mukherjee |first=Tatsam |date=21 June 2017 |website=[[ScoopWhoop]] |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bollywood Journal: The Fantastic Films of Dibakar Banerjee |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/06/11/bollywood-journal-the-fantastic-films-of-dibakar-banerjee/ |last=Watkins |first=Beth |date=11 June 2012 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331060453/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2012/06/11/bollywood-journal-the-fantastic-films-of-dibakar-banerjee/ |archive-date=31 March 2017 |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Khanna |first=Parul |date=11 May 2013 |title=Dibakar Banerjee, the best director today |work=Hindustan Times |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/dibakar-banerjee-the-best-director-today/story-0dJfYlt9BU5uh2klZSvRaN.html |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> It was included in ''[[Filmfare]]''{{'}}s 100 Days series—"With no big stars, relatively unheard of a director and a subject that you wouldn't rate on paper as the most exciting, ''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' manages to impress one and all."<ref name=filmfare /> It was also mentioned in critic and author Shubhra Gupta's book, ''50 Films That Changed Bollywood, 1995–2015''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gupta |first=Shubhra |title=50 Films That Changed Bollywood, 1995–2015 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |year=2016 |isbn=9789351778486}}</ref>

In 2013, The [[Delhi Police]] Crime Branch caught a gang of cheats who duped several people by selling them plots belonging to the [[Delhi Development Authority]] by using forged documents. The officials said that the method adopted by the gang appeared to have been inspired by the film.<ref>{{Cite web |title=7 Times Indians Got Inspired By Bollywood Movies to Commit Real Life Crimes |url=https://www.news18.com/news/buzz/7-times-indians-got-inspired-by-bollywood-movies-to-commit-real-life-crimes-1716153.html |last=Verma |first=Anurag |date=13 April 2018 |website=[[News18]] |access-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> The film was remade in [[Tamil language|Tamil]] as ''[[Poi Solla Porom]]''. Directed by [[A. L. Vijay]], the film starred [[Karthik Kumar]], [[Piaa Bajpai]], and [[Nedumudi Venu]] in the lead roles. It was released on 12 September 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=12 September 2008 |title=Laugh, and pause to think |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/laugh-and-pause-to-think/article3023317.ece |access-date=15 May 2013}}</ref> It was unofficially remade in [[Kannada]] by T. N. Nagesh as ''Rame Gowda Vs. Krishna Reddy'' in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2010 |title=Rame Gowda vs Krishna Reddy: Stealing plots all the way |work=[[Bangalore Mirror]] |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/Rame-Gowda-vs-Krishna-Reddy-Stealing-plots-all-the-way/articleshow/21724227.cms |access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=19 December 2010 |title=Bad acting lets down 'Rame Gowda Vs. Krishna Reddy' (Kannada Film Review) |work=[[Sify]] |url=http://www.sify.com/movies/bad-acting-lets-down-rame-gowda-vs-krishna-reddy-kannada-film-review-news-national-kmtuujcebgdsi.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190611062758/http://www.sify.com/movies/bad-acting-lets-down-rame-gowda-vs-krishna-reddy-kannada-film-review-news-national-kmtuujcebgdsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 June 2019 |access-date=11 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2023/film/asia/khosla-ka-ghosla-remakes-1235747993/|title=Bollywood Cult Classic 'Khosla Ka Ghosla!' Sets Multiple Local Language Remakes (EXCLUSIVE)|date=7 October 2023 |publisher=Variety}}</ref>

== 2024 re-release ==
''Khosla Ka Ghosla'' now considered a cult classic film is set to re-release in theatres after 18 years on 18 October 2024. The producer Savita Raj Hiremath said the main reason the film is being re-released is because, earlier it was difficult to release the film with no distributor wanting to distribute the film. But strong content and [[word of mouth]] publicity made the film a [[superhit]]. Its dialogues are considered to have an endearing effect becoming part of daily conversations. The demand for the film in today's generation has increased, and so to cater to them the [[film]] is being re-released in India across [[Multiplex (movie theater)|multiplex]] and [[Movie theater|single screen]] theatres.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Anupam Kher, Ranvir Shorey express their delight as Khosla Ka Ghosla returns to theatres after 18 years: 'A new generation will experience its magic'|newspaper=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/anupam-kher-ranvir-shorey-express-their-delight-as-khosla-ka-ghosla-returns-to-theatres-after-18-years-a-new-generation-will-experience-its-magic/articleshow/113769309.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla Re-Release: 18 साल बाद फिर से सिनेमाघरों में धमाल मचाने आ रही है ये कॉमेडी फिल्म, इस तारीख को फिर से होगी रिलीज|date=27 September 2024 |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/khosla-ka-ghosla-re-release-18-years-later-a-cult-classic-comedy-is-back-in-theatres}}</ref>

==Sequel==

Producer Savita Raj Hiremath said on the sidelines of the re-release of the original movie after 18 years that a sequel film with the original star cast is in the works.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla 2 in the works; Anupam Kher, Ranvir Shorey excited|date=7 October 2024 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/khosla-ka-ghosla-2-in-the-works-anupam-kher-ranvir-shorey-excited-101728311668708.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khosla Ka Ghosla 2 confirmed: Producer Savita Raj announces|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=8 October 2024 |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/bollywood/khosla-ka-ghosla-2-confirmed-producer-savita-raj-announces-1503351259.html#google_vignette}}</ref> Shooting for the sequel started in January 2026. Ravi Kishan and Divya Khosla Kumar joins the original star cast. Principal Photography began in Delhi and Faridabad.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{Cite book |last1=Chaturvedi |first1=Preeti |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nRlBDwAAQBAJ&q=khosla+ka+ghosla |title=Brave New Bollywood: In Conversation with Contemporary Hindi Filmmakers |last2=Kumar |first2=Nirmal |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing]] |year=2015 |isbn=9789351504955 |location=India }}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0466460}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Hindi}}

[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Delhi]]
[[Category:2006 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Dibakar Banerjee]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Hindi films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:UTV Motion Pictures films]]
[[Category:Best Hindi Feature Film National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:2006 directorial debut films]]

Alexander Willcocks

2026-04-09T10:46:02Z

LashayFmm33111: started a info...

{{Infobox person
| name = Alexander Willcocks
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 15 May 1851
| birth_place = Bengal
| death_date = 14 January 1929 (aged 71)
| death_place =
| other_names =
| occupation = Surgeon
| years_active =
| known_for =
| notable_works =
}}
'''Alexander John Willcocks''' (15 May 1851-14 January 1929) was a British Civil Surgeon in [[Bulandshahr]], [[North West Provinces]], [[British India|India]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Edinburgh Medical Journal |date=1884 |publisher=Oliver & Boyd |page=382 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_HIhzdWM54C&pg=PA382 |volume=29|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Office |first1=North Western Provinces and Oudh Accountant General's |title=History of Services of Gazetted Officers Attached to the N.W. Provinces and Oudh |date=1897 |publisher=Government Press |pages=569–570 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4_9PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA569 |language=en}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Alexander Willcocks was born on 15 May 1851.<ref name=IMSregister>{{cite book |title=UK, Registers of Employees of the East India Company and the India Office, 1615-1930 |page=186 |url=https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/61103/images/46173_302022005561_1742-00291?pId=3391|via=ancestry.co.uk|url-access=subscription}}</ref> His brothers included [[James Willcocks|Sir James Willcocks]] and [[William Willcocks|Sir William Willcocks]].<ref name=IMSregister/> He trained in medicine at [[Aberdeen University]] and [[Guy's Hospital]], gaining his MBCM in 1873, and MD from Aberdeen in 1883.<ref name=IMSregister/>

==Career==
According to [[Frederic Growse]] in his book titled ''[[Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District]]'', between April 1883 and March 1884, as Civil Surgeon based at Bulandshahr, Willcocks performed near three times as many operations there as had been done the previous year.<ref name=Growse>{{cite book |last1=Growse |first1=Frederic Salmon |title=Bulandshahr: Or, Sketches of an Indian District: Social, Historical and Architectural |date=1884 |publisher=Medical Hall Press |page=75 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zNKVY1WkfCIC&pg=PA75 |language=en |chapter=1}}</ref>

==Death==
Willcocks died on 14 January 1929 at [[Dehradun]].<ref name=IMSregister/>

==Selected publications==
*{{cite journal |last1=Willcocks |first1=AJ |title=A Year's Ophthalmic and General Surgery. |journal=The Indian Medical Gazette |date=August 1884 |volume=19 |issue=8 |pages=226–228 |pmid=28999128 |pmc=5166782 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Willcocks |first1=AJ |title=Nine Cases of Ovariotomy. |journal=The Indian Medical Gazette |date=August 1885 |volume=20 |issue=8 |pages=235–238 |pmid=29001354 |pmc=5184657 }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Willcocks |first1=AJ |title=Prince of Wales' Hospital, Benares: Case of Ovariotomy. |journal=The Indian Medical Gazette |date=November 1887 |volume=22 |issue=11 |pages=328–329 |pmid=28999804 |pmc=5128544 }}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1851 births]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:British ophthalmologists]]
[[Category:Indian Medical Service officers]]

{{India-med-bio-stub}}

Dilip Walse Patil

2026-04-05T21:09:32Z

LashayFmm33111: put up pg

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1956)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=July 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| native_name = दिलीप वळसे-पाटील
| image = Dilip Walse Patil.png
| office = [[Eknath Shinde ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Eknath Shinde ministry]]
| minister = [[Ministry of Co-operation (Maharashtra)|Co-operation]]
| term_start = 2 July 2023
| term_end = 26 November 2024
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Eknath Shinde]]
| 2blankname = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy Chief Minister]]
| 2namedata = {{ubl|[[Devendra Fadnavis]] ''(first)''|[[Ajit Pawar]] ''(second)''}}
| 3blankname = Guardian Minister
| 3namedata = [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]] (4 October 2023 – 26 November 2024)
| governor = [[Ramesh Bais]]
[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
| predecessor = [[Atul Save]]
| successor = [[Babasaheb Mohanrao Patil]]
| office1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Cabinet Minister]], [[Government of Maharashtra]]
| term_start1 = 5 April 2021
| term_end1 = 29 June 2022
| 1blankname1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Ministry and Departments]]
| 1namedata1 = [[Ministry of Home Affairs Government of Maharashtra|Home Affairs]]
| 2blankname1 = Governor
| 2namedata1 = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| 3blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 3namedata1 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| 4blankname1 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 4namedata1 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| predecessor1 = [[Anil Deshmukh]]
| successor1 = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| term_start2 = 30 December 2019
| term_end2 = 5 April 2021
| 1blankname3 = [[Uddhav Thackeray ministry|Ministry and Departments]]
| 1namedata3 = {{hlist|[[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|State Excise]]|[[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour]]}}
| 2blankname3 = Governor
| 2namedata3 = [[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
| 3blankname3 = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 3namedata3 = [[Uddhav Thackeray]]
| 4blankname3 = [[List of deputy chief ministers of Maharashtra|Deputy CM]]
| 4namedata3 = [[Ajit Pawar]]
| predecessor3 = {{ubl|[[Chandrashekhar Bawankule]] {{small|[[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|(State Excise Ministry)]]}}|[[Sanjay Shriram Kute|Dr. Sanjay Kute]] {{small|([[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour Ministry]])}}}}
| successor3 = {{ubl|[[Ajit Pawar]] {{small|([[Ministry of State Excise (Maharashtra)|State Excise Ministry]])}}|[[Hasan Mushrif]] {{small|([[Ministry of Labour (Maharashtra)|Labour Ministry]])}}}}
| office4 = 13th [[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Speaker of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| 1blankname4 = [[Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata4 = {{ubl|[[Ashok Chavan]]|[[Prithviraj Chavan]]}}
| governor4 = {{ubl|[[Kateekal Sankaranarayanan]]|[[C. Vidyasagar Rao]]}}
| term_start4 = 19 November 2009
| term_end4 = 30 September 2014
| predecessor4 = Babasaheb Kupekar
| successor4 = [[Haribhau Bagade]]
| office5 = [[Government of Maharashtra|Cabinet Minister
Government of Maharashtra]]
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[Ashok Chavan]]
| governor5 = [[S. C. Jamir]]
| minister5 = {{hlist|Finance|Planning}}
| term_start5 = 8 December 2008
| term_end5 = 6 November 2009
| predecessor5 = [[Jayant Patil]]
| successor5 = [[Sunil Tatkare]]
| 1blankname6 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata6 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
| governor6 = {{ubl|[[Mohammed Fazal]]|[[S. M. Krishna]]|[[S. C. Jamir]]}}
| minister6 = {{hlist|Medical Education|Energy}}
| term_start6 = 9 November 2004
| term_end6 = 1 December 2008
| predecessor6 = Digvijay Khanvilkar
| successor6 = [[Sunil Tatkare]]
| 1blankname7 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata7 = [[Vilasrao Deshmukh]]
| governor7 = {{ubl|[[P.C. Alexander]]|[[Mohammed Fazal]]}}
| minister7 = {{hlist|Higher Education|Technical Education}}
| term_start7 = 27 October 1999
| term_end7 = 16 January 2003
| predecessor7 =
| successor7 = [[Suresh Jain]]
| office8 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start8 = 1990
| term_end8 =
| majority8 =
| predecessor8 =
| successor8 =
| constituency8 = [[Ambegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambegaon]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1956|10|30|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ambegaon]], [[Bombay State]], India (present-day [[Maharashtra]])
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children = 1
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| alma_mater = [[Government Law College, Mumbai]] (LL.M)
| profession = [[Social activist]]
| website =
| parents = Dattatray Govindrao Walse Patil {{small|(Father)}}
}}

'''Dilip Dattatray Walse''' (born 30 October 1956) is an Indian politician,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/who-is-dilip-walse-patil-maharashtras-new-home-minister/articleshow/81916499.cms | title=Who is Dilip Walse Patil, Maharashtra's new home minister | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=5 April 2021 | accessdate=5 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theprint.in/india/governance/ncp-leader-dilip-walse-patil-is-maharashtras-new-home-minister/634711/ | title=NCP leader Dilip Walse Patil is Maharashtra's new home minister | publisher=[[ThePrint]] | date=5 April 2021 | accessdate=5 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/dilip-walse-patil-becomes-new-home-minister-of-maharashtra-1787459-2021-04-05 | title=Dilip Walse Patil becomes new home minister of Maharashtra | publisher=India Today | date=5 April 2021 | accessdate=5 April 2021}}</ref> from [[Ambegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambegaon]], [[Maharashtra]], and an eight-time Member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Nationalist Congress Party]] (NCP).<ref name="Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes">{{cite news|last1=Hindustantimes|title=Lowest win margins in Maharashtra, one candidate won by just 162 votes|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233.html|accessdate=28 November 2024|date=23 November 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241128190435/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/lowest-win-margins-in-maharashtra-elections-one-candidate-won-by-just-208-votes-101732374888233.html|archivedate=28 November 2024}}</ref> He is a minister in the [[Government of Maharashtra]], since July 2023. He previously served as the Minister of Home Affairs in the [[Government of Maharashtra]]. He formerly headed the Ministry of Finance and Planning, Energy Ministry, Higher and Technical Education Ministry, and Medical Education Ministry, all as a Cabinet Minister from 1999 to 2009.

He also serves as the President of National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited (NFCSF).

He became Maharashtra's Home Minister on 5 April 2021, succeeding [[Anil Deshmukh]] who resigned<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/maharashtra-home-minister-anil-deshmukh-resigns-top-developments/articleshow/81913016.cms | title=Maharashtra home minister Anil Deshmukh resigns: Top developments | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=5 April 2021 | accessdate=5 April 2021}}</ref> due to graft charges.

==Career==
Walse-Patil is a member of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]], and was known to be a close associate of the then party President [[Sharad Pawar]]. Walse-Patil earlier served in the [[Government of Maharashtra]] as a minister with different portfolios such as Finance and Planning, Energy, Higher and Technical Education, and Medical Education.

Walse-Patil comes from a political family. He started his political career as a PA to [[Sharad Pawar]], former [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra]]. He defeated Kisanrao Bankhele in [[Ambegaon (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Ambegaon]] in 1990 to become a [[Member of Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] for the first time. At present he is still representing the same constituency for eighth consecutive term.

Apart from the energy portfolio, Walse Patil also held the education portfolio in the Maharashtra cabinet.

Changes to make the admission procedure for medical seats more transparent were made during his tenure.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} He also encouraged the setup of new engineering colleges by easing the approval process. [[Maharashtra Knowledge Corporation]] (MKCL) is his creation, which has more than 5000 MSCIT centers all over Maharashtra. He played a key role in the establishment of Government College of Engineering as well as Polytechnic and engineering in 2009 at Avsari (K).

He took charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs replacing [[Anil Deshmukh]] in the [[Thackeray ministry]] after the latter resigned due to graft charges, on 5 April 2021.

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{s-start}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Babasaheb Kupekar]]
| title=[[Speaker of Maharashtra Assembly]]
| years=11 November 2009 – 10 November 2014
| after=[[Haribhau Bagde]]
}}
{{succession box
| before=[[Jayant Patil]]
| title=[[Minister of Finance]]
| years=8 December 2008 –
| after=[[Sunil Tatkare]]
}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Walse-Patil, Dilip}}
[[Category:Marathi politicians]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:People from Pune district]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:1956 births]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1995–1999]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Maharashtra]]

Amingaon

2026-03-25T00:20:34Z

LashayFmm33111: minor edit

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Amingaon
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Neighbourhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = Guwahati#India Assam
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Guwahati##Location in Assam
| coordinates = {{coord|26|11|18|N|91|40|42|E|type:city_region:IN-AS|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = [[Assam]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts in India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kamrup district]]
| subdivision_type3 = City
| subdivision_name3 = [[North Guwahati]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 31
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 781 XXX
| registration_plate = '''AS-01'''
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Gauhati (Lok Sabha constituency)|Gauhati]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Assam Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jalukbari Assembly constituency|Jalukbari]]<ref>{{ cite web |url=https://kamrupmetro.assam.gov.in/sites/default/files/public_utility/51%20JALUKBARI%20LAC.pdf |title=51 JALUKBARI LAC.pdf |format=pdf |publisher=Government of Assam }}</ref>
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Amingaon''' ({{IPA|as|ˈɑ:mɪnˌgɑ̃ʊ}}) is a locality in [[North Guwahati]], [[Assam]] and served as the district headquarters of [[Kamrup district]].

==Geography==
Amingaon is located at {{coord|26|11|0|N|91|40|0|E}} with a mean elevation of {{convert|31|m|abbr=on}} above sea level.<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/03/Amingaon.html |title=Map and weather of Amingaon |publisher=Falling Rain }}</ref>

To its north and west is the Agyathuri hill, to its south is the [[Brahmaputra River]], and to its east is [[IIT Guwahati]]. A large area of Amingaon is occupied by factories and warehouses; the largest aggregation is the Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP), which is located near the riverbank.

==Location==
[[National Highway 27 (India)|National Highway 27]] passes through Amingaon. The nearest airport is [[Guwahati Airport]]. Amingaon houses the [[Agthori railway station]], although it is not a major stoppage, as well as the historical [[Amin Gaon railway station]].

It is connected to [[Guwahati]] via the [[Saraighat Bridge]].

==Cricket ground==
'''Amingaon Cricket Ground''' ({{coord|26.1915|91.6739|type:landmark_region:IN|display=inline}}) is a ground that has hosted a number of [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]] conducted matches.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Acharya |first=Shayan |date=2023-01-09 |title=Amingaon Cricket Ground: A quaint, picturesque venue overlooking the mountains |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/domestic/ranji-trophy-amingaon-cricket-ground-assam-mumbai/article66357654.ece |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amingaon Cricket Ground - Cricket Ground in Guwahati, India |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/amingaon-cricket-ground-guwahati-1352261 |access-date=2024-10-01 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.india9.com/i9show/Amingaon-66665.htm About Amingaon]
* [http://www.maplandia.com/india/assam/kamrup/amingaon/ Satellite map of Amingaon]

{{Authority control}}
{{Guwahati}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kamrup district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Guwahati]]

2012–13 Mohun Bagan FC season

2026-03-21T18:29:20Z

LashayFmm33111: started new article

{{Short description|Indian football club season}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Mohun Bagan FC|Mohun Bagan]]
| season = [[2012–13 in Indian football|2012–13]]
| mgrtitle = Head coach
| manager = [[Santosh Kashyap]] [[Mridul Banerjee]] [[Karim Bencherifa]]
| chairman = [[Siddharth Mallya]]
| stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]] [[Kalyani Stadium]]
| league = [[I-League]]
| league result = '''[[2012–13 I-League|10th]]'''
| league2 = [[Calcutta Football League]]
| league2 result = '''Runners-up'''
| cup1 = [[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
| cup1 result = '''[[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]'''
| cup2 = [[IFA Shield]]
| cup2 result = '''[[2013 IFA Shield#Semi-Finals|Semi-finalist]]'''
| cup3 = [[All Airlines Gold Cup|Airlines Cup]]
| cup3 result = '''Champions'''
| league topscorer = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] (19)
| season topscorer = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] (41)
| highest attendance =
| lowest attendance =
| average attendance =
| pattern_la1=
| pattern_b1= _mbhome_1213
| pattern_ra1=
| pattern_sh1= _mbhome_1213
| pattern_so1= _mbhome_1213
| leftarm1= 8B0917
| body1=
| rightarm1= 104010
| shorts1=
| socks1= 8B0917
| pattern_la2=
| pattern_b2= _mbaway_1213
| pattern_ra2=
| pattern_sh2= _mbaway_1213
| pattern_so2= _mbaway_1213
| leftarm2= 104010
| body2=
| rightarm2= 8B0917
| shorts2=
| socks2=
| prevseason = [[2011-12 Mohun Bagan season|2011-12]]
| nextseason = [[2013–14 Mohun Bagan FC season|2013–14]]
}}

The '''2012–13 Mohun Bagan FC season''' was the club's 6th season in [[I-League]] and 123rd season since its establishment in 1889. The team finished runners-up in the [[Calcutta Football League]] and a dismal tenth in the [[2012–13 I-League|I-League]]. They were crowned ''Champions'' in the Airlines Cup after [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] refused to play the finals and gave a walkover. Mohun Bagan crashed out in the group stage of the [[2012 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]] and were defeated by arch rivals [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] in the semi-finals of the [[2014 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]].

On 29 December 2012, Mohun Bagan were barred from competing in the [[I-League]] for 2 years following a decision taken by the I-League core committee. All their results in the [[2012-13 I-League|I-League]] were declared null and void and all their remaining fixtures were cancelled.<ref name=suspended>{{cite web|title=Century old Mohun Bagan banned from I-League|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/century-old-mohun-bagan-bannedi-league/200951/on|accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref> The suspension came because Mohun Bagan had refused to take the field in the second half of the match against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] on 9 December 2012, citing crowd violence and unsuitable atmosphere for the continuation of the match.<ref name=violence>{{cite web|title=Mohun Bagan, East Bengal fans clash, 40 hurt|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/mohun-bagan-east-bengal-fans-clash-40-hurt/1042803/|accessdate=10 December 2012}}</ref> 
However, on 15 January 2013, Mohun Bagan appealed against the decision to ban them from the [[I-League]] and were reinstated, but were fined a hefty amount, there officials were suspended from all [[All India Football Federation|AIFF]] meetings for one year and the team would start on 0 points and would play out only the remaining 16 fixtures in the league. This however, did not affect their win–loss and goal difference record in the table.<ref name=revoked>{{cite web|title=AIFF revoke two-year ban on Mohun Bagan|url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/01/15/3673299/aiff-revoke-two-year-ban-on-mohun-bagan|accessdate=16 January 2013}}</ref>

==Transfers==

===In===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Pre-season====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!Signed from
!Ref.
|-
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/new-recruit-arindam-bhattacharya-excited-to-play-for-the-mariners|url-status=dead|title=New recruit Arindam Bhattacharya excited to play for the Mariners|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206025732/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/new-recruit-arindam-bhattacharya-excited-to-play-for-the-mariners}}</ref>
|-
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Milton Bhowmick'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] Academy
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-new-recruit-milton-bhowmick|url-status=dead|title=Interview of new recruit Milton Bhowmick|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206033424/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-new-recruit-milton-bhowmick}}</ref>
|-
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]
|
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-defender-aiborlang-khongjee-to-continue-another-seaso|url-status=dead|title=Aibor joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206031236/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/mcdowells-mohun-bagan-defender-aiborlang-khongjee-to-continue-another-seaso}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Biswajit Saha]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-biswajit-saha|title=Mohun Bagan sign Biswajit Saha from Salgaocar|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213130814/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-biswajit-saha|archive-date=13 December 2013|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''[[Echezona Anyichie]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Southern Samity]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-celestine-anyichie-echezona|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Eche on a 1 year contract|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206035558/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-celestine-anyichie-echezona}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Khelemba Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-khelemba-meitei|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Khelemba Singh from Salgaocar|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206035715/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-khelemba-meitei}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lalrozama Fanai]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-defender-lalrozama-fanai|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Lalrozama Fanai from Pailan Arrows|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206030134/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-defender-lalrozama-fanai}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar FC|Salgaocar]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mmb-player-mehrajuddin-speaks-on-winning-2-match-series-and-on-re-joining-m|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Mehrajuddin Wadoo from Salgaocar|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206035553/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mmb-player-mehrajuddin-speaks-on-winning-2-match-series-and-on-re-joining-m}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Mohan Sarkar'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]
|
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Nirmal Chettri]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/nirmal-chettri-to-don-green-and-maroon-jersey|url-status=dead|title=Nirmal Chettri to don green and maroon jersey|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206040329/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/nirmal-chettri-to-don-green-and-maroon-jersey}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Rajib Ghosh (footballer)|Rajib Ghosh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-defender-rajib-ghosh|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Rajib Ghosh from Pailan Arrows|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206035551/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-defender-rajib-ghosh}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Warundeep Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-warundeep-singh|url-status=dead|title=Mohun Bagan sign Warundeep Singh from Churchill Brothers|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206031039/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-warundeep-singh}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Arjun Chaterjee'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/interview-arjun-chatterjee|title=Mohun Bagan sign Arjun Chatterjee from Prayag United|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317003630/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/interview-arjun-chatterjee|archive-date=17 March 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Bijendra Rai]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pailan Arrows]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-midfielder-bijendra-rai |title= Mohun Bagan sign Bijendra Rai from Pailan Arrows |accessdate= 5 February 2016 |website= mohunbaganac.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140223135036/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-midfielder-bijendra-rai |archive-date= 23 February 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Denson Devadas]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-denson-devadas |title= Mohun Bagan sign Denson Devadas from Prayag United |accessdate= 5 February 2016 |website= mohunbaganac.com |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141028070015/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-denson-devadas |archive-date= 28 October 2014 |url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Lalrin Fela]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Southern Samity]]
|
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''Nirapada Mondal'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[FC Green Valley]]
|<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/Mohun-Bagan-gained-the-services-of-Churchill-Brothers-goalkeeper-Arindam-Bhattacharya-and-United-SC-medio-Denson-Devadas-as-the-two-switched-allegiance-for-the-2012-13-season-Also-moving-to-the-greeen-and-maroon-ranks-were-Navin-Kumar-of-the-Arrows-and-Nirapada-Mondal-of-Green-Valley-FC-/articleshow/15496815.cms |title= Mohun Bagan sign Nirapada Mondal from Green Valley F.C. |accessdate=5 February 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|date= 14 August 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-striker-anil-kumar|title=Mohun Bagan sign Anil Kumar from Dempo|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206030539/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-striker-anil-kumar|archive-date=6 February 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''Stanley Okoroigwe'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/anyichie-echezona-and-stanley-okoroigwe-joins-practice|url-status=dead|title=Stanley joins Mohun Bagan Practice|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206031441/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/anyichie-echezona-and-stanley-okoroigwe-joins-practice}}</ref>
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|AUS}} '''[[Tolgay Özbey]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/tolgay-speaks-after-signing-in-favour-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|url-status=dead|title=Tolgay speaks after signing for Mohun Bagan|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206025503/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/tolgay-speaks-after-signing-in-favour-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Mid-season====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!Signed from
!Ref.
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NAM}} '''[[Quinton Jacobs]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/quinton-jacobs-joins-mcdowell-mohun-bagan|url-status=dead|title=Quinton Jacobs joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206032540/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/quinton-jacobs-joins-mcdowell-mohun-bagan}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sushanth Mathew]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-striker-anil-kumar|title=Sushanth Mathew joins Mohun Bagan|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206030539/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/interview-detail/interview-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan-striker-anil-kumar|archive-date=6 February 2016|url-status=usurped}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

===Out===
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Pre-season====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!Sold to
!Ref.
|-
|GK
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sangram Mukherjee]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/prayag-united-the-new-force-in-indian-football|title=Prayag sign Bagan veteran Sangram Mukherjee|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Kingshuk Debnath]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-live-updates-june-11th/|title=Kingshuk Debnath to join Mohammedan Sporting |accessdate=5 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com|date=11 June 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Nallappan Mohanraj]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-live-updates-june-23rd/|title=Mohanraj joins Pune F.C.|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com|date=23 June 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Pappachen Pradeep]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai Tigers F.C.|Mumbai Tigers]]
|<ref name = Bagan_to_tigers>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/Multi-crore-Dodsal-Group-to-kick-start-team-in-Mumbai/articleshow/13547883.cms|title=Mohun Bagan release N.P. Pradeep and Surkumar Singh|accessdate=5 February 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|date=27 May 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|DF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Irungbam Surkumar Singh|Surkumar Singh]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mumbai Tigers F.C.|Mumbai Tigers]]
|<ref name = Bagan_to_tigers />
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Hudson Lima Da Silva]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=Barreto_and_Lima>{{cite web|url= http://www.sportskeeda.com/football/bhawanipore-club-announced-their-team-barreto-and-lima-fail-fitness-test|title= Mohun Bagan releases Hudson Lima and bids farewell to Jose Barreto |accessdate=5 February 2016|website=sportskeeda.com}}</ref>
|-
|MF
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Souvik Chakraborty]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-air-india-win-durand-cup-sesa-and-assam-rifles-impress-while-pune-fc-sporting-disappoint/|title=Air India recruits Souvik Chakraborty|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com|date=2 September 2012 }}</ref>
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/indian-football-transfers-live-updates-may-20th/ |title= Ashim Biswas sign for Mohammedan|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=thehardtackle.com|date= 20 May 2012}}</ref>
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|BRA}} '''[[Jose Ramirez Barreto]]'''
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|<ref name=Barreto_and_Lima />
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} '''[[Sunil Chettri]]'''
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Sporting Clube de Portugal|Sporting Portugal]]
|<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/sporting-lisbon-sign-sunil-chhetri-108276-2012-07-05 |title= Sporting Lisbon sign Sunil Chettri for reserve side|access-date=5 February 2016|website=indiatoday.in|date= 6 July 2012}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{col-2}}

====Mid-season====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
|-
!Pos.
!Name
!Sold to
!Ref.
|-
|FW
|scope="row"|{{flagicon|NGR}} '''Stanley Okoroigwe'''
|Released
|<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/1064/i-league/2013/01/25/3700150/mohun-bagan-replace-stanley-okoroigwe-with-quinton-jacobs|title= Mohun Bagan replace Stanley with Quinton Jacobs |accessdate=5 February 2016|website=goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|}
{{col-end}}

==Kits==
'''Supplier:''' Shiv Naresh / '''Sponsors:''' [[McDowell's No.1]]
{| style="margin:1em auto; border:none;"
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la=
| pattern_b= _mbhome_1213
| pattern_ra=
| pattern_sh= _mbhome_1213
| pattern_so= _mbhome_1213
| leftarm= 8B0917
| body=
| rightarm= 104010
| shorts=
| socks= 8B0917
| title=Home
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la=
| pattern_b= _mbaway_1213
| pattern_ra=
| pattern_sh= _mbaway_1213
| pattern_so= _mbaway_1213
| leftarm= 104010
| body=
| rightarm= 8B0917
| shorts=
| socks=
| title=Away
}}
|{{Football kit
| pattern_la= _mbgk_1213
| pattern_b= _mbgk_1213
| pattern_ra= _mbgk_1213
| pattern_sh= _mbgk_1213
| pattern_so= _mbgk_1213
| leftarm=
| body=
| rightarm=
| shorts=
| socks= 141414
| title=Goalkeeper
}}
|}

==Squad==

===First-team Squad===

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; width:80%;"
|-
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Name
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Nationality
!style="background:#7A1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Position
!style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Date of Birth (Age)
|-
!colspan=5 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Goalkeepers
|-
|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|5|20}}
|-
|Milton Bhowmick
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|—
|-
|[[Naveen Kumar (footballer)|Naveen Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|1|9}}
|-
|[[Shilton Pal]] ([[Captain (association football)#Vice-captain|vice-captain]])
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|20}}
|-
|Sudipta Banerjee
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1993|11|20}}
|-
!colspan=5 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Defenders
|-
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|9}}
|-
|[[Biswajit Saha]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|12|15}}
|-
|Deepak Sumanth
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|1|17}}
|-
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|5|14}}
|-
|[[Khelemba Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|4|13}}
|-
|[[Lalrozama Fanai]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1991|11|30}}
|-
|[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|2|12}}
|-
|Mohan Sarkar
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|—
|-
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|8|21}}
|-
|[[Rajib Ghosh (footballer)|Rajib Ghosh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|7|12}}
|-
|Sourav Chakraborty
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|7|3}}
|-
|[[Warundeep Singh]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|9|20}}
|-
!colspan=5 style="background:#7a1024; color:white; text-align:center;"|Midfielders
|-
|Arjun Chatterjee
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|—
|-
|[[Bijendra Rai]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1992|6|8}}
|-
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1982|12|20}}
|-
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|1|19}}
|-
|[[Lalrin Fela]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|9|20}}
|-
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1994|2|22}}
|-
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|4|1}}
|-
|Nirapada Mondal
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|—
|-
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1979|1|21}}
|-
|[[Rakesh Masih]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1987|3|18}}
|-
|[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1989|2|16}}
|-
|[[Sushanth Mathew]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|5|18}}
|-
|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|12|14}}
|-
!colspan=5 style="background:#1A5026; color:white; text-align:center;"|Forwards
|-
|[[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|3|19}}
|-
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1990|12|2}}
|-
|[[Dipendu Biswas]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1981|9|29}}
|-
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] ([[Captain (association football)|captain]])
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1985|6|6}}
|-
|[[Tolgay Ozbey]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|4|12}}
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com/squad-database mohunbaganac.com]|u=25 January 2013|date=August 2017}}

==Technical staff==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Position
! Name
|-
|rowspan=3|Chief coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Santosh Kashyap]]
|-
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Mridul Banerjee]]
|-
|{{flagicon|MAR}} [[Karim Bencherifa]]
|-
| Assistant coach
|{{flagicon|NGR}} Bernard Oparanozie
|-
| Goalkeeping coach
|{{flagicon|IND}} Hemanta Dora
|-
| Fitness coach
|{{flagicon|MAS}} Joseph Ronald D'Angelus
|-
| Physiotherapist
|{{flagicon|ENG}} Jonathan Corner
|-
| Team manager
|{{flagicon|IND}} Debasish Dutta
{{Fb cs footer|s=[http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/santosh-kashyap-new-chief-coach-of-mcdowell-mohun-bagan mohunbaganac.com]|date=August 2017}}

==Statistics==

===Calcutta Football League stats===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Opposition
!Score (group stage)
!Score (championship stage)
|-
|[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|2–1
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1
|-
|Calcutta Port Trust
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|1–0
|''No Match''
|-
|[[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Rail]]
|''No Match''
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–2
|-
|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|''No Match''
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|2–3
|-
|Kalighat Club
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–1
|''No Match''
|-
|[[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat M.S.]]
|''No Match''
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–1
|-
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–1
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0
|-
|Police A.C.
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–0
|''No Match''
|-
|[[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|''No Match''
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0
|-
|[[Southern Samity]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|'''Walkover'''{{Cref2|A}}
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|5–0
|-
|[[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]
|''No Match''
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–1
|-
|[[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|'''Walkover'''{{Cref2|A}}
|''No Match''
|-
|West Bengal Police
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|6–0
|''No Match''
|-
|}

Last Updated: 23 May 2013 Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Goal scorers====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Name
!Goal(s)
!Appearance(s)
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|16||10
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|6||11
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|5||11
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]]
|2||2
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}
|Stanley Okoroigwe
|2||4
|-
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|2||5
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|2||13
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
|1||3
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|1||7
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
|1||9
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|1||10
|-
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|1||10
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Rakesh Masih]]
|1||11
|-
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
|1||12
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL
!scope="col"|{{big|42}}
!scope="col"|{{big|16}}
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=23 May 2013|date=August 2017}}

{{Col-2}}

====Disciplinary record====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Player
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!Notes
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|0||0||1
|Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] (23 May 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|Sourav Chakraborty
|0||1||0
|Missed Match: vs Police A.C. (26 December 2012)
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|2||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]] (12 February 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGA}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Shilton Pal]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=23 May 2013|date=August 2017}}
{{Col-end}}

===Airlines Cup stats===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Opposition
!Score
|-
|[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0
|-
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|'''Walkover'''{{Cref2|B}}
|-
|}

Last Updated: 2 November 2012 Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Goal scorers====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Name
!Goal(s)
!Appearance(s)
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|2||1
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||1
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL
!scope="col"|{{big|3}}
!scope="col"|{{big|2}}
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=2 November 2012|date=August 2017}}

{{Col-2}}

====Disciplinary record====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Player
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!Notes
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGA}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=2 November 2012|date=August 2017}}
{{Col-end}}

===Federation cup stats===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Opposition
!Score
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0
|-
|[[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–2
|-
|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|2–1
|-
|}

Last Updated: 24 September 2012 Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Goal scorers====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Name
!Goal(s)
!Appearance(s)
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|1||3
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|1||2
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL
!scope="col"|{{big|2}}
!scope="col"|{{big|3}}
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=24 September 2012|date=August 2017}}

{{Col-2}}

====Disciplinary record====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Player
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!Notes
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGA}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Khelemba Singh]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=24 September 2012|date=August 2017}}
{{Col-end}}

===I-League stats===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Opposition
!Home Score
!Away Score
|-
|[[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–2
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|1–0
|-
|[[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–2
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1
|-
|[[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|2–1
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–3
|-
|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|'''0–3'''{{Cref2|C}}
|-
|[[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–2
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1
|-
|[[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–1
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0
|-
|[[Pailan Arrows]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–2
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|2–0
|-
|[[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|1–2
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|1–1
|-
|[[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|1–3
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|2–2
|-
|[[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–2
|-
|[[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|2–2
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–2
|-
|[[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–1
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|5–1
|-
|[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|style="background-color:#ffffcc;"|0–0
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|3–0
|-
|}

Last Updated: 12 May 2013 Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Goal scorers====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Name
!Goal(s)
!Appearance(s)
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|19||22
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|10||17
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|2||25
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}
|Stanley Okoroigwe
|1||11
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|1||13
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|1||16
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||18
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|1||18
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
|1||23
|-
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|1||24
|-
|DF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|1||25
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL
!scope="col"|{{big|39}}
!scope="col"|{{big|26}}
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=12 May 2013|date=August 2017}}

{{Col-2}}

====Disciplinary record====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Player
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!Notes
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|0||0||1{{Cref2|D}}
|Missed Match: vs [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] (20 January 2013) Missed Match: vs [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]] (24 January 2013) Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|Prayag United]] (27 January 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|5||1||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] (7 April 2013) Missed Match: vs [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] (21 April 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Biswajit Saha]]
|1||1||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Pune F.C.|Pune]] (2 December 2012)
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|7||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] (28 March 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|6||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] (10 April 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|4||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Pailan Arrows]] (24 March 2013)
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Shilton Pal]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|Stanley Okoroigwe
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Lalrin Fela]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=12 May 2013|date=August 2017}}
{{Col-end}}

===IFA Shield stats===
{{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFFFCC|Draw|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#FFCCCC|Loss|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!Opposition
!Score
|-
|[[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|4–0
|-
|[[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|style="background-color:#ccffcc;"|5–1
|-
|{{flagicon|CRC}} [[Deportivo Saprissa]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|0–1
|-
|[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|style="background-color:#ffcccc;"|1–1 {{aet}} (2–4 [[penalty shoot-out (association football)|p]])
|-
|}

Last Updated: 17 March 2013 Source: [[#Statistics|Statistics]]

{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-2}}

====Goal scorers====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Name
!Goal(s)
!Appearance(s)
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|6||4
|-
|FW||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|3||3
|-
|MF||{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|1||4
|- bgcolor=#efefef
!colspan=3 scope="col"|TOTAL
!scope="col"|{{big|10}}
!scope="col"|{{big|4}}
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=17 March 2013|date=August 2017}}

{{Col-2}}

====Disciplinary record====
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!Pos.
!Nat.
!Player
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!Notes
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|2||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=17 March 2013|date=August 2017}}
{{Col-end}}

==Player statistics==

===Appearances and goals===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:95%;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|{{tooltip|No.|Squad number}}
!rowspan="2"|{{tooltip|Pos|Position}}
!rowspan="2"|{{tooltip|Nat|Nationality}}
!rowspan="2" style="width:500px;"|Player
!colspan="2"|Total
!colspan="2"|CFL
!colspan="2"|Airlines Cup
!colspan="2"|[[2012 Indian Federation Cup|Fed Cup]]
!colspan="2"|[[2012-13 I-League|I-League]]
!colspan="2"|[[2013 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]
|-
!Apps!!Goals
!Apps!!Goals
!Apps!!Goals
!Apps!!Goals
!Apps!!Goals
!Apps!!Goals
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Shilton Pal]]
!30!!0
|7+0||0
!1+0!!0
|1+0||0
!19+0||0
|2+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Goalkeeper (association football)|GK]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
!18!!0
|7+0||0
!0+0!!0
|2+0||0
!7+0||0
|2+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
!35!!3
|5+0||2
!0+0!!0
|3+0||0
!24+1||1
|2+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
!38!!2
|9+1||1
!0+0!!0
|1+0||0
!24+0||1
|3+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
!36!!0
|6+1||0
!1+0!!0
|3+0||0
!20+1||0
|4+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Khelemba Singh]]
!11!!0
|5+2||0
!0+0!!0
|2+1||0
!1+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Biswajit Saha]]
!37!!0
|6+1||0
!1+0!!0
|1+0||0
!24+0||0
|2+2||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
!24!!1
|11+1||1
!1+0!!0
|0+0||0
!5+2||0
|4+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lalrozama Fanai]]
!11!!0
|3+0||0
!1+0!!0
|2+1||0
!2+2||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rajib Ghosh (footballer)|Rajib Ghosh]]
!9!!0
|5+1||0
!1+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+2||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Warundeep Singh]]
!2!!0
|1+0||0
!0+1!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|Deepak Sumanth
!1!!0
|1+0||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Defender (association football)|DF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|Sourav Chakraborty
!1!!0
|1+0||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
!30!!2
|3+0||1
!0+0!!0
|2+0||0
!23+0||1
|1+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
!36!!1
|8+1||1
!0+0!!0
|2+1||0
!14+9||0
|1+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Sushanth Mathew]]
!4!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|1+3||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Denson Devadas]]
!44!!3
|10+1||0
!1+0!!0
|3+0||0
!24+1||2
|4+0||1
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Jewel Raja]]
!29!!2
|4+0||0
!1+0!!1
|3+0||0
!14+4||1
|2+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Rakesh Masih]]
!22!!1
|6+5||1
!0+0!!0
|2+0||0
!4+5||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Manish Maithani]]
!34!!3
|8+2||1
!0+0!!0
|1+1||1
!13+5||1
|4+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Manish Bhargav]]
!36!!2
|12+1||2
!1+0!!0
|0+2||0
!4+13||0
|2+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Lalrin Fela]]
!9!!0
|1+1||0
!0+1!!0
|0+0||0
!2+4||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|NAM}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
!24!!0
|7+0||1
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!8+5||1
|3+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Bijendra Rai]]
!4!!0
|0+3||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Midfielder (association football)|MF]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|Arjun Chatterjee
!4!!0
|1+2||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+1||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
!39!!41
|9+1||16
!0+1!!0
|2+0||0
!21+1||19
|4+0||6
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
!34!!18
|7+4||6
!1+0!!2
|1+0||0
!16+1||10
|1+3||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
!39!!10
|8+3||5
!0+0!!0
|2+1||1
!10+6||1
|3+0||3
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Dipendu Biswas]]
!8!!0
|1+7||0
!0+0!!0
|0+0||0
!0+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|style="text-align:left"|[[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]]
!4!!2
|2+0||2
!0+0!!0
|0+2||0
!0+0||0
|0+0||0
|-style="text-align:center"
|
|[[Forward (association football)|FW]]
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|style="text-align:left"|Stanley Okoroigwe
!16!!3
|4+0||2
!1+0!!0
|0+0||0
!9+2||1
|0+0||0
|-
|}
Source: [http://mohunbaganac.com/ mohunbaganac.com] 
Last Updated: 23 May 2013 '''Apps''': (Matches Started)+(Substitute Appearances)

===Disciplinary record===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
!rowspan="2"|Pos.
!rowspan="2"|Nat.
!rowspan="2"|Player
!colspan="3"|CFL
!colspan="3"|Airlines Cup
!colspan="3"|[[2012 Indian Federation Cup|Fed Cup]]
!colspan="3"|[[2012-13 I-League|I-League]]
!colspan="3"|[[2013 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]
!colspan="3"|Total
!rowspan="2"|Notes
|-
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
!{{yel}}!!{{sentoff|2}}!!{{sent off}}
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGA}}
|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||1{{Cref2|D}}
|1||0||0
|2||0||1{{Cref2|D}}
|Missed Match: vs [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]] (20 January 2013) Missed Match: vs [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]] (24 January 2013) Missed Match: vs [[United S.C.|Prayag United]] (27 January 2013)
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|NAM}}
|[[Quinton Jacobs]]
|0||0||1
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||1
|Missed Match: vs [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] (23 May 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|[[Echezona Anyichie]]
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|2||0||0
|5||1||0
|1||0||0
|10||1||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]] (7 April 2013) Missed Match: vs [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]] (21 April 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Biswajit Saha]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||1||0
|0||0||0
|1||1||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Pune F.C.|Pune]] (2 December 2012)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|Sourav Chakraborty
|0||1||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||1||0
|Missed Match: vs Police A.C. (26 December 2012)
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Denson Devadas]]
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|7||0||0
|1||0||0
|10||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]] (28 March 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Aiborlang Khongjee]]
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|6||0||0
|1||0||0
|9||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]] (10 April 2013)
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Nirmal Chettri]]
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|4||0||0
|2||0||0
|8||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Pailan Arrows]] (24 March 2013)
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|AUS}}
|[[Tolgay Özbey]]
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|4||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Bhargav]]
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|4||0||0
|Missed Match: vs [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]] (12 February 2013)
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Chinadorai Sabeeth]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|1||0||0
|3||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Jewel Raja]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|3||0||0
|
|-
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Shilton Pal]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|3||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Syed Rahim Nabi]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|0||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Manish Maithani]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|1||0||0
|2||0||0
|
|-
|FW
|{{flagicon|NGR}}
|Stanley Okoroigwe
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Snehasish Chakraborty]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|MF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Lalrin Fela]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Khelemba Singh]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|DF
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Mehrajuddin Wadoo]]
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
|GK
|{{flagicon|IND}}
|[[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam Bhattacharya]]
|1||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|0||0||0
|1||0||0
|
|-
{{Fb_cs_footer|s=[[#Matches|Matches]]|u=23 May 2013|date=August 2017}}

==Competitions==

===Overall===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:850px;"
|-
! style="text-align:center; width:200px;" | Competition
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Started round
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Current position / round
! style="text-align:center; width:100px;" | Final position / round
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | First match
! style="text-align:center; width:170px;" | Last match
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Calcutta Football League]]
|–
|–
|2nd
|18 August 2012
|23 May 2013
|-
|style="text-align:left; background:#ededed"|[[All Airlines Gold Cup|Airlines Cup]]
|style="background:#ededed;"|Semi finals
|style="background:#ededed;"|–
|style="background:#ededed;"|Champions
|style="background:#ededed;"|5 September 2012
|style="background:#ededed;"|16 October 2012
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
|[[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|–
|[[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|20 September 2012
|24 September 2012
|-
|style="text-align:left; background:#ededed"|[[I-League]]
|style="background:#ededed;"|–
|style="background:#ededed;"|–
|style="background:#ededed;"|[[2012-13 I-League|10th]]
|style="background:#ededed;"|6 October 2012
|style="background:#ededed;"|12 May 2013
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|[[IFA Shield]]
|[[2013 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]
|–
|[[2013 IFA Shield#Semi-finals|Semi finals]]
|5 March 2013
|17 March 2013
|}
Last Updated: 23 May 2013 Source: [[#Competitions|Competitions]]

===Overview===
{{Fb overview
|c=5
|c1=Calcutta Football League
|w1=11|l1=4|d1=1|f1=42|a1=11
|c2=Airlines Cup
|w2=2|l2=0|d2=0|f2=3|a2=0
|c3=[[2012 Indian Federation Cup|Federation Cup]]
|w3=1|l3=1|d3=1|f3=2|a3=3
|c4=[[2012-13 I-League|I-League]]
|w4=11|l4=7|d4=8|f4=40|a4=34
|c5=[[2013 IFA Shield|IFA Shield]]
|w5=2|l5=2|d5=0|f5=10|a5=3
|u=23 May 2013
}}

===Calcutta Football League===
{{main|2012–13 Calcutta Premier Division}}

====Group stage (group B)====
{{:2012–13 Calcutta Premier Division|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=MB}}

====Championship stage====
{{:2012–13 Calcutta Premier Division|transcludesection=Championship stage|showteam=MB}}

===Airlines Cup===

====Semi finals====
{{OneLegStart}}
|-
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''||3–0|[[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]|}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]'''||3–0|[[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]|}}
|}

====Final====
{{OneLegStart}}
|-
{{OneLegResult|'''[[Mohun Bagan A.C.|Mohun Bagan]]'''||Walkover|[[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]|}}
|}

===Federation Cup===
{{main|2012 Indian Federation Cup}}

====Group stage (group B)====
{{main|2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage}}
{{:2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=MB}}

===I-League===
{{main|2012–13 I-League}}
{{:2012–13 I-League|showteam=MB}}

===IFA Shield===
{{main|2013 IFA Shield}}

====Group stage (group B)====
{{:2013 IFA Shield|transcludesection=Group B|showteam=MB}}
====Semi finals====
{{OneLegStart}}
{{OneLegResult|[[Deportivo Saprissa]] {{flagicon|CRC}}||[[2014 IFA Shield#Semifinals|1–2]] {{aet}}|'''[[United S.C.|Prayag United]]'''|}}
{{OneLegResult|'''[[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]'''||[[2014 IFA Shield#Semifinals|1–1]] {{aet}} (4–2 [[penalty shoot-out (association football)|p]])|[[Mohun Bagan]]|}}
{{end}}

===Results summary===
{{Fb_rs |hw=23 |hd=4 |hl=9 |hgf=80 |hga=34 |aw=4 |ad=6 |al=5 |agf=17 |aga=17 |]|u=23 May 2013}}

==Matches==

===Calcutta Football League (group stage)===

{{football box collapsible
|round = 1
|date = 18 August 2012
|time = 14:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = w/o{{Cref2|A}}
|report = https://in.news.yahoo.com/bagan-set-walkover-220814100--spt.html
|team2 = [[Southern Samity]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 2
|date = 26 August 2012
|time = 14:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = w/o{{Cref2|A}}
|report = https://in.news.yahoo.com/bagan-set-walkover-220814100--spt.html
|team2 = [[Tollygunge Agragami]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 3
|date = 15 September 2012
|time = 14:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 6–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=61
|team2 = West Bengal Police
|goals1 = [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{goal|6}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|7||75|}} [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|52||66|}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|78}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 4
|date = 1 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 4–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=89
|team2 = Kalighat Club
|goals1 = [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{goal|2}} [[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]] {{goal|9}} [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{goal|68}} [[Snehasish Chakraborty|Snehasish]] {{goal|76}}
|goals2 = Shin Ho Sung {{goal|31}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 5
|date = 20 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 1–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=90
|team2 = Calcutta Port Trust
|goals1 = [[Syed Rahim Nabi|Nabi]] {{goal|24}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = 20 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=92
|team2 = [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|3|pen.}} Stanley {{goal|53}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|19}}
|goals2 = Sanju Kumar {{goal|43}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 7
|date = 20 December 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=96
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1 = [[Arindam Bhattacharya (footballer)|Arindam]] {{yel|26}} [[Dipendu Biswas|Dipendu]] {{yel|31}} S.Chakraborty {{sentoff|2|40|80|}} [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{yel|65}}
|goals2 = Wi Hyojun {{goal|40}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = 26 December 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 4–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=97
|team2 = Police A.C.
|goals1 = [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{goal|9}} [[Rakesh Masih|Masih]] {{goal|30}} Stanley {{goal|45}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|83}} [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{yel|76}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}

===Calcutta Football League (championship stage)===

{{football box collapsible
|round = 1
|date = 4 February 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 4–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=105
|team2 = [[Aryan F.C.|Techno Aryan]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|35}} [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{goal|45}},{{yel|29}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|66}} [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo|Mehraj]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 = Maidul {{goal|90}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 2
|date = 12 February 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 1–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=106
|team2 = [[Bhawanipore F.C.|Bhawanipore]]
|goals1 = [[Anil Kumar (footballer)|Anil Kumar]] {{goal|35}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|43}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|67}}
|goals2 = [[Jose Ramirez Barreto|Barreto]] {{goal|79|pen.|}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 3
|date = 18 February 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 5–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=113
|team2 = [[Southern Samity]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|11||13||74}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|29||86}},{{yel|51}} [[Rajib Ghosh (footballer)|Rajib]] {{yel|4}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|82}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 4
|date = 22 February 2013
|time = 14:015 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=109
|team2 = [[Kalighat Milan Sangha F.C.|Kalighat MS]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|45||68||81}}
|goals2 = Tanmay {{goal|30}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 5
|date = 27 February 2013
|time = 14:15 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 4–2
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=109
|team2 = [[Eastern Railway FC|Eastern Rail]]
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|3}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|57||76|pen.}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Quinton]] {{goal|88}}
|goals2 = Gautam {{goal|45}} Bapan {{goal|67}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = 2 March 2013
|time = 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=111
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|37||44|}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{goal|58}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 7
|date = 19 May 2013
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=125
|team2 = [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|38||79||84|pen.}} [[Shilton Pal|Shilton]] {{yel|36}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|81}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Quinton]] {{sentoff|0|90+1}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = 23 May 2013
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–3
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=124
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|39}},{{yel|75}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|90+3}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|37}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|49}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|62}}
|goals2 = [[Chidi Edeh|Chidi]] {{goal|23||73|}} [[Penn Orji|Penn]] {{goal|29}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}

===Airlines Cup===

{{football box collapsible
|round = Semi finals
|date = 5 September 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–0
|report = http://www.kolkatafootball.com/airlines_gold_cup_2012/index.html
|team2 = [[George Telegraph S.C.|George Telegraph]]
|goals1 = [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{goal|62}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|72||77|}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|75}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = Final
|date = 16 October 2012
|time = 17:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = w/o{{Cref2|B}}
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-declared-winners-of-all-airlines-gold-cup
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}

===Federation Cup===

{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 20 September 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 0–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=54
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|22}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{yel|54}} [[Khelemba Singh|Khelemba]] {{yel|70}}
|location = [[Siliguri]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 22 September 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–2
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=55
|team2 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Junior Obagbemiro|Junior]] {{goal|28}} [[Henry Ezeh|Henry]] {{goal|86}}
|location = [[Siliguri]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2012 Indian Federation Cup group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 24 September 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=57
|team2 = [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]]
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|49}} [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{goal|53}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|57}}
|goals2 = Sunday {{goal|62}}
|location = [[Siliguri]]
|stadium = [[Kanchenjunga Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}

===I-League===

{{football box collapsible
|round = 1
|date = 6 October 2012
|time = 14:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|score = 2–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/06/india/i-league/lajong-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394147/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Boithang Haokip|B.Haokip]] {{goal|59}} Lalram {{goal|90+1}} [[Eugeneson Lyngdoh|Lyngdoh]] {{yel|23}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Shillong]]
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Shillong)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Meetei
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 2
|date = 12 October 2012
|time = 14:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 1–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/12/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/chirag-united-sc/1394156/
|team2 = [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|19}}
|goals2 = [[Sukhen Dey (footballer)|Sukhen]] {{goal|27}} [[Kayne Vincent|Vincent]] {{goal|45}},{{yel|4}} [[Gouramangi Singh|Gouramangi]] {{yel|9}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = K.Singh
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 3
|date = 28 October 2012
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|score = 0–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/10/28/india/i-league/air-india/mohun-bagan-ac/1394169/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Rahul Bheke|Bheke]] {{yel|84}}
|goals2 = [[Micky Fernandes|M.Fernandes]] {{goal|67|o.g.}} [[Biswajit Saha|Biswajit]] {{yel|38}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|61}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|64}}
|location = [[Pune]]
|stadium = [[Balewadi Sports Complex]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 4
|date = 4 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/04/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/sporting-club-de-goa/1394161/
|team2 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|15||42||55|}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|70}}
|goals2 = [[Joseph Pereira|J.Pereira]] {{goal|90+1}} [[Dawson Fernandes|Dawson]] {{yel|20}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = R.Shah
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 5
|date = 9 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/09/india/i-league/ongc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394174/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = Odeola {{yel|75}} [[Kailash Patil|Patil]] {{yel|90+2}}
|goals2 = [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|15}} [[Shilton Pal|Shilton]] {{yel|90}}
|location = [[Delhi]]
|stadium = [[Ambedkar Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Arjunan
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 6
|date = 17 November 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/17/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/salgaocar-sports-club/1394180/
|team2 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|goals1 = [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{goal|5}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|19}} Stanley {{goal|61}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = P.Singh
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 7
|date = 25 November 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/25/india/i-league/mumbai-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394189/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Abhishek Yadav (footballer)|Yadav]] {{goal|62}} [[Zohib Islam Amiri|Fakhruddin]] {{yel|20}}
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|21}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|33}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|50}}
|location = [[Pune]]
|stadium = [[Balewadi Sports Complex]]
|attendance =
|referee = T.Nagvenkar
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 8
|date = 28 November 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|score = 3–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/28/india/i-league/dempo-sports-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1394197/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Joaquim Abranches|Abranches]] {{goal|40}} [[Ryuji Sueoka|Sueoka]] {{goal|45|pen.}} [[Godwin Franco|G.Franco]] {{goal|70}},{{yel|45+2}}
|goals2 = [[Biswajit Saha|Biswajit]] {{sentoff|2|29|53}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|44}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|90}}
|location = [[Margao]]
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = B.Balasubramaniam
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 9
|date = 2 December 2012
|time = 19:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|score = 2–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/12/02/india/i-league/pune-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394204/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Chika Wali]] {{goal|30}} [[Arata Izumi|Arata]] {{goal|75}} [[Srikanth Ramu|Ramu]] {{yel|90+4}}
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|77||84|}}
|location = [[Pune]]
|stadium = [[Balewadi Sports Complex]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 10
|date = 9 December 2012
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 3–0{{Cref2|C}}
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/12/09/india/i-league/east-bengal-club-fc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394210/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Harmanjot Khabra|Khabra]] {{goal|43}}
|goals2 = [[Mehrajuddin Wadoo|Mehraj]] {{yel|24}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi|Nabi]] {{yel|36}} Stanley {{yel|43}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{sentoff|0|45+2}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = V.Chauhan
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 17
|date = 20 January 2013
|time = 15:45 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Salgaocar F.C.|Salgaocar]]
|score = 2–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/01/20/india/i-league/salgaocar-sports-club/mohun-bagan-ac/1395217/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Gabriel Obatola|Obatola]] {{goal|35}} [[Josimar (footballer, born 1961)|Josimar]] {{goal|62}} [[Fulganco Cardozo|F.Cardozo]] {{yel|3}} [[Francis Fernandes|F.Fernandes]] {{yel|26}} [[Rahul Kumar (footballer)|R.Kumar]] {{yel|67}} [[Rocus Lamare|Lamare]] {{yel|72}}
|goals2 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{yel|28}} [[Syed Rahim Nabi|Nabi]] {{yel|67}}
|location = [[Mapusa]]
|stadium = [[Duler Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Shekar
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 12
|date = 24 January 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/01/24/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/united-sikkim-sc/1394225/
|team2 = [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|goals1 = [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|46}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 18
|date = 27 January 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[United S.C.|Prayag United]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/01/27/india/i-league/chirag-united-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1395222/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Ranti Martins|Ranti]] {{goal|89}} [[Gouramangi Singh|Gouramangi]] {{yel|59}} S.Oraon {{yel|85}}
|goals2 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|49}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|45}} [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{yel|90+1}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = K.Singh
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 19
|date = 1 February 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/01/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/ongc/1395230/
|team2 = [[ONGC F.C.|ONGC]]
|goals1 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|10}} [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{goal|63}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|72}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|28}}
|goals2 = Surabuddin {{goal|84}} Minz {{yel|54}} Lalmuanpuia {{yel|57}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = D.Naik
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 20
|date = 9 February 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/02/09/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/east-bengal-club-fc/1395236/
|team2 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|goals1 = [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|41}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|88}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 21
|date = 24 March 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Stan+dard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Pailan Arrows]]
|score = 2–3
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/24/india/i-league/aiff-xi/mohun-bagan-ac/1395241/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Shaiju Mon|Shaiju]] {{goal|41}} [[Seminlen Doungel|Len]] {{goal|49}} [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{yel|60}}
|goals2 = [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{goal|5}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|19||20|}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|55}} [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{yel|88}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[Santosh Kumar (referee)|M.V.Santosh Kumar]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 22
|date = 28 March 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/28/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/lajong-sc/1395251/
|team2 = [[Shillong Lajong F.C.|Shillong Lajong]]
|goals1 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|52}} [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{goal|60}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Quinton]] {{yel|65}} [[Lalrin Fela|Lalrin]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2 = [[Boithang Haokip|B.Haokip]] {{goal|53}} [[P.C. Lalhlimthara|Lalhlimthara]] {{goal|79}},{{yel|85}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = U.Bora
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 15
|date = 31 March 2013
|time = 14:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/03/31/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/dempo-sports-club/1395201/
|team2 = [[Dempo S.C.|Dempo]]
|goals1 = [[Syed Rahim Nabi|Nabi]] {{goal|7}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|47}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|90+1}}
|goals2 = [[Peter Carvalho|Carvalho]] {{goal|51}} [[Clifford Miranda|Miranda]] {{yel|9}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna|C.R.Srikrishna]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 23
|date = 7 April 2013
|time = 16:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Sporting Clube de Goa|Sporting Goa]]
|score = 1–5
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/07/india/i-league/sporting-club-de-goa/mohun-bagan-ac/1395258/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Ogba Kalu Nnanna|Kalu]] {{goal|76|pen.}},{{yel|85}} [[Dawson Fernandes|Dawson]] {{sentoff|2|33|37}} [[Matthew Gonsalves|M.Gonsalves]] {{yel|42}} [[Joyner Lourenco|Lourenco]] {{yel|90+2}}
|goals2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|52|pen.|82||90|}},{{yel|55}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|73||80|}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|23}} [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{yel|26}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|75}}
|location = [[Vasco da Gama|Vasco]]
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium|Tilak Maidan]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Shekar
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 14
|date = 10 April 2013
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/10/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/mumbai-fc/1395196/
|team2 = [[Mumbai F.C.|Mumbai]]
|goals1 = [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|35}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|52||90+6|}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|43}}
|goals2 = [[Darren Caldeira|Caldeira]] {{goal|56}} Coutinho {{goal|88}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna|C.R.Srikrishna]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 24
|date = 13 April 2013
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 3–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/13/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/air-india/1395264/
|team2 = [[Air India F.C.|Air India]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|11|pen.}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|28}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{goal|90+4}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{sentoff|2|1|85}} [[Snehasish Chakraborty|Snehasish]] {{yel|45}}
|goals2 = [[Henry Ezeh|Henry]] {{goal|38}} [[Branco Cardozo|Branco]] {{goal|90+2}},{{yel|84}} Bubai {{sentoff|0|68}} [[Rahul Bheke|Bheke]] {{goal|89}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = P.Singh
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 25
|date = 21 April 2013
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–2
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/21/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/churchill-brothers-sc/1395273/
|team2 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|goals1 = [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{yel|90+4}}
|goals2 = [[Henry Antchouet|Antchouet]] {{goal|19||34|}} [[Ashley Fernandes|A.Fernandes]] {{yel|82}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna|C.R.Srikrishna]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 16
|date = 24 April 2013
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 1–3
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/24/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/pune-fc/1395208/
|team2 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 = [[Douhou Pierre|Douhou]] {{goal|27}} [[James Moga|Moga]] {{goal|65}} [[Karma Tsewang|Tsewang]] {{goal|77}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = U.Bora
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 11
|date = 28 April 2013
|time = 15:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 2–0
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/04/28/india/i-league/mohun-bagan-ac/aiff-xi/1394214/
|team2 = [[Pailan Arrows]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|26}} [[Quinton Jacobs|Quinton]] {{goal|50}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|47}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = R.Dsa
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 13
|date = 7 May 2013
|time = 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Churchill Brothers S.C.|Churchill Brothers]]
|score = 1–1
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/05/07/india/i-league/churchill-brothers-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1394229/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Sunil Chettri|Sunil]] {{goal|72}} [[Denzil Franco|D.Franco]] {{yel|89}}
|goals2 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|27}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|12}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|29}} [[Shilton Pal|Shilton]] {{yel|31}} [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{yel|53}}
|location = [[Vasco da Gama|Vasco]]
|stadium = [[Tilak Maidan Stadium|Tilak Maidan]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Rowan
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = 26
|date = 12 May 2013
|time = 18:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|score = 0–3
|report = https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/05/12/india/i-league/united-sikkim-sc/mohun-bagan-ac/1395282/
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = R.Debnath {{yel|70}}
|goals2 = [[Nirmal Chettri|Nitmal]] {{goal|9}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|71|pen.}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{goal|88}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|48}}
|location = [[Gangtok]]
|stadium = [[Paljor Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee = A.Meetei
|result = W
}}

===IFA Shield===

{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2013 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 5 March 2013
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 4–0
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=115
|team2 = [[Pune F.C.|Pune]]
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|4||53|}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|30}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{goal|80}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{yel|45}}
|goals2 =
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2013 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 8 March 2013
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 5–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=118
|team2 = [[United Sikkim F.C.|United Sikkim]]
|goals1 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{goal|30||68||86||92||95}} [[Manish Maithani|Maithani]] {{yel|79}} [[Tolgay Özbey|Tolgay]] {{yel|82}}
|goals2 = [[Salau Nuruddin|Nuruddin]] {{goal|71}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2013 IFA Shield#Group stage|Group stage]]
|date = 10 March 2013
|time = 15:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|score = 0–1
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=116
|team2 = {{flagicon|CRC}} [[Deportivo Saprissa]]
|goals1 = [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|9}} [[Manish Bhargav|Bhargav]] {{yel|75}} [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{yel|90+8}}
|goals2 = [[Walter Centeno|Centeno]] {{goal|77}}
|location = [[Kalyani, West Bengal|Kalyani]]
|stadium = [[Kalyani Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|round = [[2013 IFA Shield#Semi-Finals|Semi finals]]
|date = 17 March 2013
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|team1 = [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]]
|score = 1–1
|aet = yes
|report = http://www.mohunbaganac.com/match-preview-review?match_id=120
|team2 = [[Mohun Bagan]]
|goals1 = [[Chinadorai Sabeeth|Sabeeth]] {{goal|46}},{{yel|86}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{yel|10}} [[Echezona Anyichie|Eche]] {{yel|77}} [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{yel|78}} [[Denson Devadas|Denson]] {{yel|97}}
|goals2 = [[Andrew Barisic|Barisic]] {{goal|88}}
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|penalties1 = [[Chidi Edeh|Chidi]] {{pengoal}} [[Andrew Barisic|Barisic]] {{pengoal}} [[Sanju Pradhan|Sanju]] {{pengoal}} [[Naoba Singh|Naoba]] {{penmiss}} [[Baljit Sahni|Baljit]] {{pengoal}}
|penaltyscore = 4–2
|penalties2 = [[Odafa Onyeka Okolie|Odafa]] {{penmiss}} [[Nirmal Chettri|Nirmal]] {{penmiss}} [[Jewel Raja|Jewel]] {{pengoal}} [[Aiborlang Khongjee|Aibor]] {{pengoal}}
|result = L
}}

==Notes==
{{Cnote2 begin}}
{{Cnote2|A|[[Mohun Bagan]] refused to play the two opening matches of the Calcutta Football League against [[Southern Samity]] and [[Tollygunge Agragami]] citing the unavailability of important players of the squad because of national duty. Subsequently, the [[Indian Football Association|IFA]] decided to announce [[Southern Samity]] and [[Tollygunge Agragami]] as winners of their respective matches with [[Mohun Bagan]].}}
{{Cnote2|B|[[Mohun Bagan]] were declared winners of the 2012 [[All Airlines Gold Cup|Airlines Cup]] after [[Mohammedan S.C. (Kolkata)|Mohammedan]] refused to play the final due to excessive rescheduling of the final match. The tournament committee took the decision of giving a walkover to [[Mohun Bagan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-declared-winners-of-all-airlines-gold-cup|url-status=dead|title=Mariners end trophy drought winning the Airlines Cup by getting a walkover|accessdate=5 February 2016|website=mohunbaganac.com|archive-date=7 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207151412/http://www.mohunbaganac.com/news-detail/mcdowell-mohun-bagan-declared-winners-of-all-airlines-gold-cup}}</ref>}}
{{Cnote2|C|[[Mohun Bagan]] denied to take the field in the second half of the [[Kolkata Derby|derby]] match against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] citing crowd violence.<ref name=violence /> Subsequently, the match was awarded 3–0 to [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] by the [[All India Football Federation]]. [[Mohun Bagan]] were also suspended by the [[All India Football Federation|Federation]] from the [[I-League]] for 2 years<ref name=suspended /> which was later reduced to a hefty fine and resetting of all points in the [[2013-14 I-League|I-League]] table.<ref name=revoked />}}
{{Cnote2|D|[[Odafa Onyeka Okolie]] was suspended for one match in addition to the two match suspension he received as a result of the direct red card he picked up in the match against [[East Bengal F.C.|East Bengal]] on 9 December 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/Odafa-let-off-with-one-match-ban-fine-of-Rs-1-5-lakh/articleshow/18124255.cms|title=Odafa let off with one match ban|accessdate=5 February 2016|newspaper=The Times of India|date=22 January 2013 }}</ref>}}
{{Cnote2 end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Mohun Bagan Super Giant}}
{{2012–13 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2012-13 Mohun Bagan FC Season}}
[[Category:Mohun Bagan Super Giant seasons]]
[[Category:2012–13 I-League by team]]

Kempegowda Bus Station

2026-03-19T18:18:06Z

LashayFmm33111: added info

{{short description|Bus station in Bangalore, India}}
{{more citations needed|date=August 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox station
| name = Kempegowda Bus Station
| name_lang = en
| native_name = <hr/>Kempēgauḍa Bas Nildāṇa
| native_name_lang = kn
| other_name = Majestic Bus Station Majestic KBS
| style =
| type = [[Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation|BMTC]], [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation|KSRTC]], [[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation|NWKRTC]], [[Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation|KKRTC]], [[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation|APSRTC]], [[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation|TSRTC]], [[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation|MSRTC]] and [[Kadamba Transport Corporation|KTC]] Bus Station
| image = K.S.R.T.C terminal-2 1.jpg
| address = Kempegowda, Sevashrama, [[Bengaluru]] 560009
| borough = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|12.97679| 77.57260|display=inline, title}}
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| owned = *Intracity — [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
*Intercity — [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]]
| operator = *Intracity — [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
*Intercity — [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]]
| transit_authority = [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation|BMTC]] [[Namma Metro]]
| platforms = *Intracity
**Bay 01 — Platform 01, 02, 3A, 3B, 4A & 4B
**Bay 02 — Platform 05, 06, 6A, 07, 08, 8A, 8B, 09 & 10
**Bay 03 — Platform 11, 11A, 11B, 11C, 12, 12A, 13, 14, 15, 15A, 16, 17, 17A, 18 & 18A
**Bay 04 — Platform 19, 19A, 19B, 19C, 19D, 20, 20A, 20B, 21, 22, 22A, 23, 23A, 23B, 23C, 23D, 24, 25, 25A, 25B, 25C, 26, 26A, 27, 27A, 28, 28A, 29, 29A, 29B & 29C
*Intercity
**Terminal 01 — Platform 11, 14, 15, 16, 17 & 18
**Terminal 02 — Platform 05 & 06
**Terminal 2A — Platform 1A, 01, 02, 03 & 04
**Terminal 03 — Platform 07, 08 & 10
| bus_routes = *[[Karnataka]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh]]
*[[Telangana]]
*[[Maharashtra]]
*[[Goa]]
*[[Kerala]]
*[[Tamil Nadu]]
*[[Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority|Bengaluru Metropolitan Region]]
| bus_stands = *Intracity — 4 Bays
*Intercity — 4 Terminals
| bus_operators = *[[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation|Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation]]
*[[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Telangana State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation]]
*[[Kadamba Transport Corporation]]
| connections = {{ric|Namma Metro}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Purple|croute}} {{rcb|Namma Metro|Green|croute}} [[Nadaprabhu Kempegowda station, Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda Station, Majestic]] 
{{ric|Indian Railways}} {{stnlnk|KSR Bengaluru}}
| structure = At-grade
| parking = Available
| accessible = Yes
| website =
| opened = Intracity — {{Start date|1980||df=y}} Intercity — {{Start date|1969||df=y}}
| passengers =
}}

'''Kempegowda Bus Station (KBS)''' is an integrated main bus station in [[Bengaluru]], [[India]]. It is located opposite the [[Bangalore City railway station|KSR Bengaluru railway station]]. It is bordered by Seshadri Road to the north, Danavanthri Road to the east, Tank Bund Road to the south and [[Gubbi Thotadappa]] Road to the west.

This bus station provides connectivity to almost all the areas of Bengaluru. One side of the bus station is used for intra-city buses by the [[Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] (BMTC) while the other side is used by out-station buses operated by various state road transport corporations. The KSRTC side of the bus station also houses the [[Majestic metro station|Nadaprabhu Kempegowda (Majestic)]] metro station on the [[Namma Metro]].

Former chief minister of Karnataka [[R. Gundu Rao]] is credited with building the station. The bus station not only eased congestion with buses and helped streamline the transport system but also helped the local area grow economically and was a major landmark of the city for many years.

==Name==
[[File:Kempengowda Bus Station.jpg|thumb|Bus Station name near Entrance]]
The station acquired the name Majestic Bus Station or "Majestic" from a popular cinema theatre of the same name located nearby. It was later named as Kempegowda Bus Station in honour of [[Kempe Gowda I]], the founder of [[Bangalore]]. However, Majestic continues to be the most commonly used name for the station.<ref name = "Bangalore Mirror1"/> Buses terminating at the station usually display signs that show "Kempegowda Bus Station" or "KBS".

==History==
The bus station started construction in 1965 and opened in 1969. The semi-circular city bus terminal was built in 1980s. The station is located on the site of the Dharmambudhi Lake, which dried up in the early 20th century.<ref name = "Bangalore Mirror1">{{cite web|title=From lake to multi-modal transport hub, this station is truly Majestic|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/From-lake-to-multi-modal-transport-hub-this-station-is-truly-Majestic/articleshow/52047379.cms|website=Bangalore Mirror|access-date=29 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-01-03|title=Bengaluru's Majestic bus stand, built on a lake, is now 50 years old|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/bengalurus-majestic-bus-stand-built-on-a-lake-is-now-50-years-old-5768682/|date=6 June 2019}}</ref>

== Location in context ==

{{Geographic Location
|title = Areas of Bangalore
|Northwest = Bangalore City Railway Station
|North = Sheshadri Road
|Northeast = Danvanthri Road
|West = [[Bangalore City Railway Station]]
|Centre = Kempegowda Bus Station
|East = Kempegowda Road/Mysore Bank Circle
|Southwest = Bashyam Road
|South = Tank Bund Road/Lokamanya Tilak Park
|Southeast = [[Avenue Road, Bangalore|Avenue Road]]
}}

==See also==
* [[Mysuru Road Bus Station]]
* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee TTMC]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{Bangalore}}

[[Category:Bus stations in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Transport in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bengaluru]]

{{Bus-station-stub}}
{{India-transport-stub}}

Vanchi (early historic)

2026-03-18T10:57:24Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|Name of the Chera capital, south India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Chera Dynasty}}
'''Vanchi''' was the headquarters of the [[Chera dynasty]] at [[Kodungallur]] and [[Karur]] which ruled central [[Kerala]] and western [[Tamil Nadu]] ([[Kongu Nadu|the Kongu country]]) in the early historic south India.<ref name=":22">{{Cite book |last=Karashima |first=Noburu |url=https://india.oup.com/product/a-concise-history-of-south-india-9780198099772 |title=A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2014 |pages=145–46 |chapter=States in the Deccan and Kerala}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Champakalakshmi |first=R. |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Trade_Ideology_and_Urbanization/IGTaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=Trade,%20Ideology,%20and%20Urbanization |title=Trade, Ideology, and Urbanization: South India 300 BC to AD 1300 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1996 |pages=118-119}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Narayanan |first=M. G. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0YDCngEACAAJ |title=Perumals of Kerala |publisher=CosmoBooks |year=2013 |isbn= |location=Thrissur (Kerala) |pages=18–19 |chapter= |orig-year=1972}}</ref> It is speculated that the site corresponded to the medieval Vanchi Karur, identified modern [[Kodungallur]],[[Kerala]] and [[Karur]], [[Tamil Nadu]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

Both Chera (Kerala) capitals are referred to as "Vanchi":

* Vanchi Karur or Karuvur<ref name=":0" /> — present-day [[Karur]], Tamil Nadu (capital of the [[Kongu Chera dynasty|Cheras or Keralas of the western Tamil country]])<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />
* [[Kodungallur]] — Mahodaya-puram (Makothai) — [[Thiruvanchikulam Temple|Thiruvanchikkulam]] (capital of the [[Chera/Perumals|medieval Chera rulers of Kerala]])<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Ancient Indian cities]]
[[Category:Former capitals in India]]
[[Category:Karur]]
{{Silappatikaram}}
{{India-hist-stub}}

The Daily Star (Bangladesh)

2026-03-14T11:18:39Z

LashayFmm33111: refine layout after review

{{Short description|English-language daily newspaper in Bangladesh}}
{{about|the daily newspaper in Bangladesh|other uses|Daily Star (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = The Daily Star
| logo = Logo of The Daily Star.svg
| image =
| caption = Front page for 3 August 2022
| type = [[Daily newspaper]]
| format = [[Broadsheet]]
| owners = [[Transcom Group]]
| founder = [[Syed Mohammad Ali]]
| editor = [[Mahfuz Anam]] (Editor) [[Aasha Mehreen Amin]] (Joint Editor)
| founded = {{start date and age|df=y|1991|01|14}}
| language = English
| headquarters = 64–65, [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue]], [[Dhaka]]-1215
| circulation = 29,450<ref>{{cite web |script-title=bn:দেশের ইংরেজি ভাষায় প্রকাশিত মিডিয়া তালিকাভুক্ত দৈনিক পত্রিকার প্রচার সংখ্যা ও বিজ্ঞাপন হার |url=https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/b5b99e8e_85fe_465d_992c_1fee17302efc/2022-09-08-14-06-6545b8589546aaa92c5c908811f63160.pdf |website=dfp.portal.gov.bd |language=bn |publisher=[[Bangladesh Government]] |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002084240/https://dfp.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/dfp.portal.gov.bd/page/b5b99e8e_85fe_465d_992c_1fee17302efc/2022-09-08-14-06-6545b8589546aaa92c5c908811f63160.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>
| ISSN =
| oclc =
| website = {{URL|thedailystar.net}}
}}
'''''The Daily Star''''' is a Bangladeshi English-language daily newspaper. It is by far the largest circulating English-language newspaper in the country.<ref>[http://www.warc.com/LandingPages/Data/NewspaperTrends/PDF/Bangladesh.pdf Newspaper Trends: Bangladesh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319111833/http://www.warc.com/LandingPages/Data/NewspaperTrends/PDF/Bangladesh.pdf |date=19 March 2009 }}, World Advertising Research Center. Retrieved 14 September 2007.</ref> Founded by [[Syed Mohammad Ali|Syed Mohammed Ali]] on 14 January 1991, as Bangladesh transitioned and restored [[parliamentary democracy]],<ref>{{cite news |date=17 October 2007 |title=Remembering Syed Mohammad Ali |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=7686 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=28 December 2013 |archive-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000108/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=7686 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.southbound.com.my/media/ali-cn.htm |title=SM Ali's World |website=Southbound.com.my |access-date=25 December 2016 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104013/http://www.southbound.com.my/media/ali-cn.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> the newspaper became popular for its outspoken coverage of [[Politics of Bangladesh|politics]], corruption, and [[Foreign relations of Bangladesh|foreign policy]]. It is considered a [[newspaper of record]] for Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite book |title=Not All Springs End Winter |first=Anupam Debashis |last=Roy |date=January 2020 |asin=B097ZL8NFW |publisher=Adarsha |quote=Reports on the demands of the students that were published on the Daily Star, often considered Bangladesh's newspaper of record, .... |page=144}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Leslie |last=Sklair |title=The Anthropocene in Global Media: Neutralizing the risk |date=May 2022 |isbn=978-0367641993 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |quote=Bangladesh: The first and most articles (19) appear in The Daily Star, often considered the newspaper of record. |page=}}</ref> The newspaper has been described as having a "reputation for journalistic integrity and liberal and progressive views - a kind of Bangladeshi ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]''".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35594968 |title='Attempt to crush independent media' in Bangladesh |work=[[BBC News]] |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827161839/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35594968 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Mahfuz Anam]] serves as the editor and publisher of ''The Daily Star.'' ''The Daily Star'' is owned by Mediaworld, in which a major share is held by the [[Transcom Group]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transcombd.com/templatecontact.php |title=Welcome to Transcom |website=Transcom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203004345/http://www.transcombd.com/templatecontact.php |archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref> ''Star Business,'' the business edition of the paper, is highly popular. The newspaper serves its Bengali readership digitally through its website.

==History==
In the late 1980s, plans for a major English newspaper in Bangladesh were drawn up by Syed Mohammad Ali and Mahfuz Anam in [[Bangkok]]. Ali previously served as Editor of ''[[The Bangkok Post]]'' in [[Thailand]] and the ''[[Hong Kong Standard]]'' in [[British Hong Kong]]. Anam was working in [[UNESCO]] when he teamed up with Ali to establish a newspaper in Bangladesh. They secured funding from leading Bangladeshi financiers, including Azimur Rahman, A. S. Mahmud, [[Latifur Rahman (businessman)|Latifur Rahman]], A. Rouf Chowdhury and Shamsur Rahman.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-snapshots-the-past-thoughts-the-future-2043309 |title=Column by Mahfuz Anam: Snapshots from the past, thoughts for the future |work=The Daily Star |date=12 February 2021 |type=Opinion |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827161839/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-snapshots-the-past-thoughts-the-future-2043309 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The newspaper was set up in 1991, which coincided with Bangladesh's return to parliamentary democracy after 15 years of military rule and presidential government. ''The Daily Star'' gained popularity for its outspoken coverage of politics in Bangladesh, including the rivalry between the [[Awami League]] led by [[Sheikh Hasina]] and the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) led by [[Khaleda Zia]]. It became the country's largest circulating English-language newspaper and quickly overtook ''[[The Bangladesh Observer]]'' and ''[[Holiday (newspaper)|Weekly Holiday]]''. It gained a wide readership in [[Dhaka]] and [[Chittagong]], particularly among the urban elites, the business community and the [[List of diplomatic missions in Bangladesh|diplomatic community]].

In 2007, ''The Daily Star'' editor Mahfuz Anam called out army chief General [[Moeen U Ahmed]] for suggesting political reforms, arguing that it was beyond the mandate of the army chief to speak about politics.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2007/04/06/how-can-national-interest-be-served-best |title=How can national interest be served best? |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011143157/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2007/04/06/how-can-national-interest-be-served-best |url-status=live}}</ref> In a widely read commentary titled "This is no way to strengthen democracy", Anam also blasted the military-backed caretaker government for the arrest of Sheikh Hasina in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/no-way-strengthen-democracy-214285 |title=This is no way to strengthen democracy |work=The Daily Star |date=8 February 2016 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011143157/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/no-way-strengthen-democracy-214285 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2009, an [[investigative journalism|investigative report]] by ''The Daily Star'' implicated former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia's son [[Tarique Rahman]] and close aides from [[Hawa Bhaban]] in the [[2004 Dhaka grenade attack]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-111469 |title=It was Hawa Bhaban plot |work=The Daily Star |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011143155/https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-111469 |url-status=live}}</ref> Tarique Rahman was later sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the attack.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/bangladesh/2022-04-29/bangladeshs-quiet-slide-autocracy |title=Bangladesh's Quiet Slide into Autocracy |date=29 April 2022 |last1=Riaz |first1=Ali |magazine=Foreign Affairs |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011163040/https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/bangladesh/2022-04-29/bangladeshs-quiet-slide-autocracy |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2015, the government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina suspended all tender notices and government adverts in ''The Daily Star'' as a pressure tactic because government advertisements generate a significant share of revenue for the newspaper; this suspension was later lifted.<ref name="aj7Oct2015">{{cite news |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/10/7/bangladeshi-spies-accused-of-blocking-media-adverts |title=Bangladeshi spies accused of blocking media adverts |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817111348/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/10/7/bangladeshi-spies-accused-of-blocking-media-adverts |url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2021, following the release of the documentary ''[[All the Prime Minister's Men]]'' by [[Al Jazeera Investigations]], the newspaper treated it with skepticism, while also commending the government for not trying to block the report from being viewed from within the country as the newspaper considered such measures to be no longer effective.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Analysis |first=Star |date=2021-02-04 |title=Saw all, heard all; what will we do? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/saw-all-heard-all-what-will-we-do-2038773 |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-03 |title=Our take on the Al Jazeera Report |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/editorial/news/our-take-the-al-jazeera-report-2038485 |access-date=2025-12-21 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Subsequently, a commentary by Mahfuz Anam criticized army chief General [[Aziz Ahmed (general)|Aziz Ahmed]] for controversial remarks in which Aziz suggested that criticizing the army chief was tantamount to criticizing Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-some-comments-require-clarification-2047417 |title=Column by Mahfuz Anam: Some comments require clarification |work=The Daily Star |date=19 February 2021 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=11 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011143155/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-some-comments-require-clarification-2047417 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On 22 April 2022, Anam wrote a commentary titled "Can we really have a free and fair election?" in which he lamented [[Democratic backsliding in Bangladesh|Bangladesh's democratic backsliding]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anam |first=Mahfuz |date=2022-04-22 |title=Commentary by Mahfuz Anam: Can we really have a free and fair election? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/can-we-really-have-free-and-fair-election-3009631 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Throughout 2022 and 2023, Anam wrote a series of articles on the importance of free and fair elections, press freedom, the [[Digital Security Act]] (which was repealed), the role of the bureaucracy, political history, political parties and the [[Bangladesh Election Commission]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-01 |title=Mahfuz Anam |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/author/mahfuz-anam |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anam |first=Mahfuz |date=2022-07-29 |title=CEC hits the nail on the head, but the wrong nail |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/cec-hits-the-nail-the-head-the-wrong-nail-3082041 |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Anam |first=Mahfuz |title=Column by Mahfuz Anam: Why are there so many laws against free media? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/why-are-there-so-many-laws-against-free-media-3027426 |work=The Daily Star |date=20 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anam |first=Mahfuz |date=2023-01-27 |title=Column by Mahfuz Anam: Who runs the country? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-who-runs-the-country-3231371 |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Anam |first=Mahfuz |date=2024-02-02 |title=Column by Mahfuz Anam: Death of the opposition in parliament |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/the-third-view/news/column-mahfuz-anam-death-the-opposition-parliament-3533876 |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> After the [[July Revolution (Bangladesh)|July Revolution]], the newspaper continued placing a critical lens on the policies of the [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|interim government]].<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |date=19 December 2025 |title=Bangladesh newspaper staff 'gasping for air' as offices set ablaze |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2462r82864o |access-date=2025-12-20 |website=www.bbc.com}}</ref>

=== 2025 Vandalism ===
During the [[December 2025 Bangladesh violence]], ''The Daily Star'' office was vandalized and set on fire by violent mobs, as unrest over the death of [[Osman Hadi|Sharif Osman Hadi]], one of the founders and the leader of the political platform, [[Inqilab Moncho]], escalated late on the night of 18 December 2025. On the midnight of 19 December, a mob of 100-200 people broke through the main gate of the building. The individuals stayed until 4:30 AM. According to witnesses, protesters blocked a Fire Service vehicle when it attempted to reach the office to extinguish the fire, forcing it to retreat. At least 28 journalists and office staff reportedly took shelter on the rooftop until they were evacuated after getting trapped for four hours. Firefighters brought the blaze under control.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-19 |title=Prothom Alo, The Daily Star offices vandalised, set on fire; all trapped staff evacuated |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/fire-daily-star-doused-trapped-staff-rescued-prothom-alo-building-still-fire-1313526 |access-date=2025-12-19 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=The Daily Star office attacked, vandalised after Hadi’s death |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/the-daily-star-office-attacked-vandalised-after-hadis-death-4061946 |url-status=live |work=The Daily Star}}</ref>

As a result, the newspaper was unable to publish its print edition the next day, the first such instance in the newspaper's history.<ref name="BBC" /> The Daily Star dubbed the incident "a dark day for independent journalism" and blamed the government's "relaxed attitude towards the safety and security of news outlets."<ref>{{Cite news |title=A DARK DAY FOR INDEPENDENT JOURNALISM |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/dark-day-independent-journalism-4061941 |url-status=live |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> European Union Ambassador to Bangladesh, Michael Miller called the attack a "terrible moment" for Bangladesh's democracy.<ref>{{Cite news |title=‘Terrible moment’ for Bangladesh’s democracy: EU ambassador terms attacks on The Daily Star, Prothom Alo |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/terrible-moment-bangladeshs-democracy-eu-ambassador-terms-attacks-the-daily-star-prothom-alo-4063221 |url-status=live |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> [[Mahfuz Anam]] claimed that the attack was a "deliberate attempt" to take lives.<ref>{{Cite news |title=We have entered an 'era of murder,' says Mahfuz Anam |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/mob-wanted-murder-daily-star-staff-not-just-burn-building-mahfuz-anam-1316186 |url-status=live |work=The Business Standard}}</ref> The [[Islami Andolan Bangladesh|Islami Andolon Bangladesh]] (IAB) condemned the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-25 |title=IAB condemns attack on Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/iab-condemns-attack-star-4065811 |access-date=2025-12-26 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==Staff==
Only two years after launching the newspaper, SM Ali died and a young Anam, who was Ali's protege, became the editor of the fledgling daily. As editor and publisher, Anam has been widely credited for steering the paper's editorial independence. Financial affairs are overseen by a six-member board of directors of the [[holding company]] Mediaworld Limited. [[Syed Fahim Munaim]] was the CEO and Managing Editor of the newspaper for many years.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-08-02 |title=A Tribute To Syed Fahim Munaim |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/lifestyle/tribute-syed-fahim-munaim-1262803 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Munaim was credited for ensuring the financial independence of the paper.

Ahead of the 2024 general election in Bangladesh, the paper hired several pro-BNP journalists and writers, took an aggressively pro-BNP editorial stance, and strongly criticized the ruling Awami League. The election ended up being boycotted by the BNP amid allegations of a lack of a conducive environment for holding elections.

In 2023, Anam was appointed chairman of the holding company of The Daily Star after the death of longstanding chairperson [[Rokeya Afzal Rahman]]. Syed Ashfaqul Haque, who worked in both management and the newsroom for 31 years, was appointed as Executive Editor. [[Aasha Mehreen Amin]], the granddaughter of Pakistan's last Bengali premier [[Nurul Amin]], serves as the Joint Editor while S.S. Preetha is head of the [[Op-Ed]] section, which was previously headed by [[Zafar Sobhan]].<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2009/11/letter-south-asia-columns/state-shock.html |title=State of Shock |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |date=14 March 2009}}</ref> Amin continues to wield significant influence over commentaries and Op-Eds. Amin previously ran the paper's defunct ''Star'' magazine supplement. Mizanur Rahman, the Head of Operations, and Tajdin Hasan, the Chief Business Officer, are the two other key leaders of the newspaper.

==Controversies==
In recent years, the paper has complained of growing restrictions on [[press freedom]] in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/bangladesh-press-council-the-protector-turning-predator-3103026 |title=Bangladesh Press Council: Is the protector turning into a 'predator'? |work=The Daily Star |date=26 August 2022 |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827161841/https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/the-third-view/news/bangladesh-press-council-the-protector-turning-predator-3103026 |url-status=live}}</ref> It also faced pressure from the government which affected its ad revenues.<ref name="aj7Oct2015" />

===Lawsuits from Awami League and BNP members===
[[PEN America]] strongly criticized the lawsuits filed against Mahfuz Anam, including as many as 83 lawsuits and 30 counts of criminal defamation lodged by members and supporters of the [[Awami League]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pen.org/press-release/bangladesh-defamation-charges-against-editor-representative-of-broader-attacks-on-media/ |title=Bangladesh: Defamation Charges Against Editor Representative of Broader Attacks on Media |date=February 18, 2016 |access-date=27 August 2022 |archive-date=27 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827161839/https://pen.org/press-release/bangladesh-defamation-charges-against-editor-representative-of-broader-attacks-on-media/ |url-status=live}}</ref> During the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] government in the 2000s, Anam faced defamation lawsuits from ruling BNP leaders. He was co-accused with [[Matiur Rahman (journalist)|Matiur Rahman]], editor of the Bengali newspaper ''[[Prothom Alo]]'', in defamation cases filed by [[Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury]]. Anam was represented in court by [[Kamal Hossain]].

===DGFI leaks===
In 2016, speaking at a panel discussion on [[ATN News]], [[Mahfuz Anam]] admitted that ''The Daily Star'' ran stories fed to the newspaper by military intelligence outfit [[DGFI]] during the military-backed state of emergency and caretaker government in 2007 and 2008. The stories accused Awami League and BNP leaders of corruption.<ref name="bdnews24.com">{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/media-en/2016/02/04/daily-star-editor-mahfuz-anam-admits-to-publishing-dgfi-fed-baseless-stories |title=Daily Star Editor Mahfuz Anam admits to publishing DGFI-fed baseless stories |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=28 October 2016 |archive-date=5 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160405224816/http://bdnews24.com/media-en/2016/02/04/daily-star-editor-mahfuz-anam-admits-to-publishing-dgfi-fed-baseless-stories |url-status=live}}</ref> A string of lawsuits were filed against Anam following his admission.

===Website blocked===
The newspaper's website was briefly blocked on 1 June 2018 after it reported the [[Extrajudicial killing|extrajudicial]] [[killing of Ekramul Haque]] by members of the [[Rapid Action Battalion]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Star blocked, unblocked |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/star-blocked-unblocked-1585441 |work=The Daily Star |date=3 June 2018 |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-date=23 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823141901/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/star-blocked-unblocked-1585441 |url-status=live}}</ref> The killing took place while the victim was speaking with his family on the phone. The [[Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission]] (BTRC) did not give any explanation for the block.

===Child abuse by staff===
In February 2024, Executive Editor Syed Ashfaqul Haque and his wife Tania Khondoker were sent to jail after they surrendered to a court in Dhaka, following the death of a fifteen year old female maid at their house in [[Mohammadpur Thana]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Preeti Urang's death: 4-day remand granted for The Daily Star executive editor, wife |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/death-teenage-maid-daily-star-executive-editor-wife-4-day-remand-792314 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Journalist Ashfaqul, wife Tania land in jail over death of domestic worker |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/sva55vu6zp |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=bdnews24.com |language=en}}</ref> Haque and his wife faced charges of [[child abuse]]. The deceased maid was a teenage girl named Preeti Urang who worked as a servant in the house of the executive editor. Urang hailed from a tea garden worker's family in [[Moulvibazar District]]. Protests were held demanding justice for the girl's death.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-12 |title=Demand for justice grows as tea workers protest domestic worker Preeti's death |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/crime/tea-workers-demand-justice-death-preeti-urang-daily-star-executive-editors-home |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Daily Star urged to take action against Ashfaq |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/225591/daily-star-urged-to-take-action-against-ashfaq |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> The newspaper issued a formal apology over the incident.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-16 |title=Editor's note to readers |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/editors-note-readers-3544871 |access-date=2024-02-20 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

===Simin-Shahzreh case freud news propagation===
In December 2024, Simin Rahman of [[Transcom Group]] was accused by his younger sister of embezzling her deceased father's shares through non-judicial stamp fraud.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/1435990.details | title=ট্রান্সকমের দলিল জালিয়াতি | date=6 December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.daily-sun.com/post/780815 | title=Forgery in Transcom documents | date=December 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/rjsc-papers-doctored-with-fake-stamps | title=RJSC papers doctored with fake stamps }}</ref> On 18 May 2025, investigative reporter Elias Hossain published a report on [[YouTube]], stating that Simin Rahman was unethically assisted by Prothom Alo editor [[Matiur Rahman (journalist)|Matiur Rahman]] and Daily Star's [[Mahfuz Anam]] in this matter along with doing false news reports.<ref>{{Cite web |last=জনকণ্ঠ |first=দৈনিক |title=তিন মাসের অনুসন্ধান শেষ করেছে টিম ফিফটিন মিনিটস: ইলিয়াস হোসেন |url=https://www.dailyjanakantha.com/national/news/799054 |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=দৈনিক জনকণ্ঠ {{!}}{{!}} [[Daily Janakantha]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&si=qwYa7_ExnrBkF0Mo&v=N4LuENYYAzc&feature=youtu.be |title=এ যেন কেয়ামতের আলামত! #elias_hossain |date=2025-05-18 |author=Elias Hossain |access-date=2025-05-21 |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=জালিয়াতি করে ৩০ হাজার কোটি টাকার সম্পদ কব্জা করেন ট্রান্সকমের সিমিন {{!}} Transcom {{!}} Prothom alo |url=https://m.youtube.com/watch?si=qmImcso3mnKZKZSg&v=b-4haeqscZU&feature=youtu.be |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]] YouTube page |date=17 December 2024}}</ref> [[Zulkarnain Saer Khan]] also criticised Matiur Rahman [[Mahfuz Anam]] for involving in this matter, as well as [[Prothom Alo]] and the Daily Star for propagating false news in support of it.<ref>{{cite news |title=সিমিন রহমানের ট্রান্সকম গ্রুপকে মাফিয়া বললেন সাংবাদিক জুলকারনাইন |url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2025/01/30/1474801 |access-date=3 August 2025 |work=[[Kaler Kantho]] |date=30 January 2025}}</ref>

==''Star Weekend'' magazine==
[[File:Star magazine.jpg|thumb|upright|Cover of 1 February 2008]]
Starting in May 1996, ''The Daily Star'' published a weekly magazine supplement titled '''''The Star''''' every Friday. [[Aasha Mehreen Amin]] was the first editor of the magazine and continued in that capacity for 18 years.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Amin |first1=Aasha Mehreen |author-link=Aasha Mehreen Amin |date=29 November 2019 |title=Why we need weekend magazines |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/news/why-we-need-weekend-magazines-1833130 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605063055/https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/news/why-we-need-weekend-magazines-1833130 |url-status=live |quote=Hard as it is to accept it, the ''Star Weekend'' magazine is about to close the curtain after an impressive run of 23 years.}}</ref> ''The Star'' became '''''Star Weekend'''''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hossain |first1=Anika |date=5 June 2015 |title=Saying Goodbye |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/saying-goodbye-92086 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605063056/https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/saying-goodbye-92086 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Elita Karim]] was the magazine's editor from 2015 to 2017. ''Star Weekend'' ceased publication on 29 November 2019, as ''The Daily Star'' downsized to adapt to a changing media landscape.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Preetha |first1=Sushmita S. |date=29 November 2019 |title=Change is the only constant |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/news/editors-longform-1833082 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=5 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605063107/https://www.thedailystar.net/star-weekend/news/editors-longform-1833082 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of newspapers in Bangladesh]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|thedailystar.net}}
* {{commons category-inline}}

{{Newspapers of Bangladesh}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daily Star}}
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1991]]
[[Category:English-language newspapers published in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:1991 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Newspapers published in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in Bangladesh]]

1864 Machilipatnam cyclone

2026-03-13T20:20:07Z

LashayFmm33111: started a page...

[[File:1864 Machilipatnam Cyclone Memorial.jpg|thumb|right|300px|1864 Machilipatnam Cyclone Memorial]]A tropical cyclone hit the coastal town of [[Machilipatnam]] (Masulipatam in old records) on 1 November 1864 causing heavy casualties and damaging properties.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mackenzie |first=Gordon |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.04156/page/119/mode/1up?view=theater |title=A manual of the Kistna district, in the presidency of Madras |date=1883 |publisher=Lawrence Asylm Press, Madras |pages=119}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Perspective CWD |url=https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/historical-perspective-cwd.php |access-date=2025-04-28 |website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Edgar Thursion |url=https://archive.org/details/TheMadrasPresidency/page/n61/mode/2up?q=1864+cyclone+masulipatam&view=theater |title=The Madras Presidency |date=1913 |pages=50 |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Wm H Allen and Co. |first=London (Publisher) |url=https://archive.org/details/allensindianmail1865jan/AllensIndianMail1865Jan/page/140/mode/1up |title=Allen's Indian Mail and Official Gazette 1865 Jan.-Dec. Volume 23 |date=1865 |page=7,34,48,92,209,231}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last= |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.91015/page/n372/mode/1up |title=Report On The Administration Of The Madras Presidency(1864-65) |year=1866 |pages=372–420}}</ref> A memorial was erected in [[Machilipatnam]] to the memory of an estimated 30000 deaths.<ref name=":0" />

== History ==
During October 1864, a [[1864 Calcutta cyclone|tropical cyclone]] impacted [[Kolkata]] leading to loss of life and properties. Few weeks later on 1 November, another severe cyclone impacted Machilipatnam.<ref name=":4" /> The day started with overcast skies and by afternoon it started raining and wind picked speed.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A-Y4_8tNeBQC |title=The Cyclone at Masulipatam. Reprinted, with Additions, from the Madras Observer of December 3, 1864, Etc |date=1864 |language=en}}</ref> Coinciding with the high tides resulted in a 13-foot high [[storm surge]] that went 17 miles inland devastating everything on its path while receding as well.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Eye-witness accounts of the night describe the cyclone impact in detail during and after the impact.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=John Noble |url=https://archive.org/details/amemoirrevrober00noblgoog/page/n344/mode/2up |title=A Memoir of the Rev. Robert Turlington Noble: Missionary to the Telugu People in South India |date=1868 |publisher=Seeley, Jackson and Halliday |others=Harvard University |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Church Missionary Society |url=https://archive.org/details/1865TheChurchMissionaryGleanerNewSeriesVol15/page/76/mode/2up |title=1865 The Church Missionary Gleaner New Series Vol 15 |date=1865 |pages=18–20, 76–78}}</ref>

== Impact ==
The village of Gilakaladindi and the English/Dutch fort were heavily impacted that resulted in an estimated death of 30,000 people.<ref name=":0" /> The impact was felt up to [[Vijayawada]] and [[Guntur]] leading to loss of lives.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.4714/page/n285/mode/2up |title=Annals Of Indian Administration - Vol.10 |date=1866 |publisher=Marshall D’Cruz, Serampore |pages=276–278}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1865-01-27 |title=FRIGHTFUL CYCLONE AT MASULIPATAM. |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/1267528/51432 |access-date=2025-05-08 |work=Brisbane Courier}}</ref> After hearing the news of the disaster, the [[Madras Presidency|Madras presidency]] sent rescue boats with relief aid and medical personnel. A vessel named Arabia sent from Madras reached [[Machilipatnam|Masulipatam]] port on 17 November and returned with some of the surviving European and East Indian Company personnel.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

The East India government started the 'Masulipatam Relief Fund' in order to aid the rescue and rehabilitation efforts of the people impacted by the cyclone.<ref name=":2" /> An official report from the health officer mentioned how the inroads of sea water contaminated fresh water wells that triggered diarrhea and fevers. Further the disaster made agriculture lands uncultivable for years and destroyed the vegetation.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dickens |first=Charles |url=https://archive.org/details/allyearround13dick/page/106/mode/2up |title=All the year round; from January 28 to July 22 1865 |publisher=New York, J. M. Emerson & co. |others=University of Buckingham |year=1865 |volume=xiii |location=London |pages=106–109}}</ref> Queen of England in her parliament opening speech in 1865 made a mention about the cyclones.<ref name=":2" />

This cyclone along with the [[1864 Calcutta cyclone]] prompted the British East Indian Company to develop a cyclone warning system in India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mohapatra |first1=M. |last2=Sharma |first2=M. |last3=Pattanaik |first3=D. R. |date=2025-01-16 |title=Evolution of Cyclone Monitoring and Forecasting System in India: A review |url=https://mausamjournal.imd.gov.in/index.php/MAUSAM/article/view/6940 |journal=MAUSAM |language=en |volume=76 |issue=1 |page=103 |doi=10.54302/mausam.v76i1.6940 |bibcode=2025Mausa..76..103M |issn=0252-9416 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214091806/https://mausamjournal.imd.gov.in/index.php/MAUSAM/article/view/6940 |archive-date=2025-02-14 |doi-access=free |access-date=2025-04-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Memorial ==
Manuel Fruvall who lost his brothers' family in the disaster and Thornhill, the then [[district magistrate]] of Machilipatnam built a memorial to commemorate the disaster and the loss of lives. This memorial is inside the Catholic burial ground close to Bandar kota in Machilipatnam and as of 2024, it is in dilapidated [https://web.archive.org/web/20240808141931/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Vijayawada/cyclone-memorial-cries-for-attention/article6503816.ece state].<ref>{{cite book |author=Cotton |first=Julian James |url=https://archive.org/details/ListOfInscriptionsOnTombsOrMonumentsMadrasVol2Cotton/List%20of%20Inscriptions%20on%20Tombs%20or%20Monuments%20%20Madras%20Vol%202%20%28Cotton%29/page/n148/mode/1up |title=LIST OF INSCRIPTIONS ON TOMBS OR MONUMENTS IN MADRAS POSSESSING HISTORICAL OR ARCHAEOLOGICAL INTEREST |publisher=Superintendent Government Press, Madras |year=1905 |place=Madras |pages=235–236}}</ref>
[[File:1864 Machilipatnam Cyclone Memorial Inscription.jpg|thumb|right|300px|1864 Machilipatnam Cyclone Memorial Inscription]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:1864 in India]]
[[Category:Meteorological events in 1864]]
[[Category:November 1864]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in India]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:1864 disasters]]
[[Category:1860s disasters in Asia]]
[[Category:19th-century disasters in India]]
{{improve categories|date=July 2025}}

Ramanuj Prasad Yadav

2026-03-13T05:14:59Z

LashayFmm33111: formatting fix

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ramanuj Prasad Yadav
| birth_name = Ramanuj Prasad Yadav
| caption =
| image =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|11|12}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/122.pdf|title=Member Profile|website=Bihar Vidhan Sabha|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref>
| birth_place = Village-Najarmeera, Postoffice+thana-Sonepur, Dist-[[Saran district]], Bihar
| residence = [[Patna]], Bihar
| death_date =
| death_place =
| office = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Sonpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonpur]]
| term_start = 2015
| term_end = 2025
| predecessor = Vinay Kumar Singh
| successor = Vinay Kumar Singh
| office1 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Sonpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonpur]]
| predecessor1 = Vinay Kumar Singh
| successor1 = Vinay Kumar Singh
| office2 =
| constituency2 =
| term_start2 =
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| party = [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]]( 2000-till) [[Janata Dal]] (before-2000)
| religion =
| otherparty =
| website =
| alma_mater = Master of Arts [[LLB]] PhD
| profession = Politician, social worker, advocate, professor
| date = |
| year = |
| source = http://vidhansabha.bih.nic.in/pdf/member_profile/122.pdf
| termstart1 = 2005
| termend1 = 2010
}}

'''Ramanuj Prasad Yadav''' is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly from [[Sonpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sonpur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/sonepur.html|title=Sonepur Assembly Election Results 2015 |website=www.elections.in}}</ref> as 2015 Member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] as a member of the [[Rashtriya Janata Dal]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ramanuj Prasad Yadav|url=http://myneta.info/bihar2015/candidate.php?candidate_id=1569|website=My Neta Info}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Ramanuj Prasad}}
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2015–2020]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2020–2025]]
[[Category:Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:People from Saran district]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Bhoganandishwara Temple

2026-03-13T03:18:05Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|Hindu temple complex in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox religious building
| religious_affiliation = [[Hinduism]]
| name = Bhoganandishwara and Arunachaleswara temples complex '''ಭೋಗ ನಂದೀಶ್ವರ ದೇವಾಲಯ'''
| image = Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple - North Side View.jpg
| caption = The north side of the Bhoganandishwara Temple complex
| alt = Bhoganandieshwara and Arunachaleswara temples
| coordinates = {{coord|13.3868|77.6980|type:landmark_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| map_type = India#India Karnataka
| map_relief = yes
| state = [[Karnataka]]
| country = [[India]]
| district = [[Chikkaballapura district]]
| locale = Nandi (Nandi hills)
| deity = Shiva
| creator = [[Nolamba dynasty|Nolamba]]
| year_completed = 700 years ago
}}

'''Bhoganandiswara Temple''' and '''Arunachaleswara Temple''' are a twin Hindu temples complex located in Nandi village in [[Chikkaballapur]] district of [[Karnataka]], India. Ornate, beautifully carved and dedicated to [[Shiva]], they have been variously dated between the 9th- to 10th-century CE.<ref name=asi>{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.in/bhoganandishwara-temple-nandi|title=Bhoganandishwara Temple|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle|publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=8 September 2021|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908202045/http://asibengalurucircle.in/bhoganandishwara-temple-nandi|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=dhaky>{{cite book| author1=M. A. Dhaky|author2=Michael W. Meister| title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 1 Part 2 South India Text & Plates|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oClTtAEACAAJ | year=1983 |publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn= 978-0-8122-7992-4|pages= 208–210}}</ref>

The Bhoganandiswara is the northern temple of the twin. It is the oldest surviving temple in Nolambavadi-style of [[Dravidian architecture]] in Karnataka. The Arunachaleswara temple was added to its south shortly thereafter. The complex underwent restorations and additions through the [[Chola Empire]] period. The temples are notable for its large and intricately carved sabha-mandapa, the inscriptions, and artwork, much of it to Shaivism, but also significantly for Vaishnavism (Narasimha, Vishnu), Shaktism (Durga, Lakshmi) and Vedic deities (Surya, Agni).<ref name=asi/><ref name=dhaky/>

The temple is protected and managed as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.<ref name="protected10">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|accessdate=31 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="yalahanka"/>

==Location==
Nandi village is located at the base of [[Nandi Hills, Karnataka|Nandi Hills]] (or Nandidurga). It is {{Convert|8|km|mi|0}} southwest from Chikkaballapur town, and about {{Convert|55|km|mi|0}} northeast from Bengaluru city, the capital of Karnataka.

==History==
The history of the eastern regions of south Karnataka traces to ancient times. They developed under the reign of the Rashtrakuta and Ganga dynasties. By the 8th-century, the Hindu Nolambas – also known as Nolamba-Pallavas – were governing this region for the Rashtrakuta and Ganga dynasties. The reign of Mahendra I (860–895 CE) brought renewed powers and economic prosperity after he defeated the Banas. After the death of Mahendra I, his mother Devalabbarasi came to power assisted by her second son Iriva-Nolamba. She was great patron of arts, used the epithet Nolamba for her sons, and she built the Nolamba-Narayanesvara temple. The style that emerged from these period (850–1000 CE) reflects a synthesis of regional Hindu arts, and is now called the Nolambavadi style.<ref>{{cite book| author1=M. A. Dhaky|author2=Michael W. Meister| title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture: Volume 1 Part 2 South India Text & Plates|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=oClTtAEACAAJ | year=1983 |publisher= University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn= 978-0-8122-7992-4|pages= 205–206}}</ref>

Early 9th-century inscriptions found near Nandi village refer to a temple for Shiva. However, these inscriptions do not mention this temple complex. According to the [[Archaeological Survey of India]], these inscriptions can be attributed to the [[Nolamba dynasty]] ruler Nolambadiraja and the [[Rashtrakuta]] emperor [[Govinda III]], and they date from {{circa|806}} and 810 CE. Copper plate inscriptions found about 10 kilometers away near Chikkaballapur refer to the wife of Bana Vidhyadhara making a gift to the temple. These are indirect references, as they do not specifically mention either of the two large twin temples. Based on architecture and iconography, the Bhoganandiswara and the Arunachaleswara temples are dated to no later than the 10th-century and no earlier than the 9th-century.<ref name=asi/><ref name=dhaky/>

The temple was later under the patronage of successive notable South Indian dynasties, and they have all contributed to the form that has survived into the modern era: the [[Western Ganga dynasty|Ganga Dynasty]], the [[Hoysala Empire]] and the [[Vijayanagara Empire]].<ref name="bhoga">{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/kolar-7.html|title=Bhoganandishwara Temple|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle|publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=31 May 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502225228/http://asibengalurucircle.org/kolar-7.html|archive-date=2 May 2014|df=}}</ref>

==Structure==
[[File:Bhoganandiswara temple and Arunachaleswara temple, Nandi Karnataka.jpg|thumb|left|Floor plan of the Bhoganandiswara and Arunachaleswara twin temples]]
The temple complex has two large shrines: the Bhoganandiswara and the Arunachaleswara temples. They have very similar architecture, but not exactly the same. The "Arunachaleswara" shrine to the south of the two is newer and has a slightly more complex artwork. Both share a large courtyard and open sabha-mandapa. Each has a navaranga, an antarala, a sukanasi, a garbhagriha and a Dravida-style vimana.<ref name=dhaky/> The vestibule and hall are provided with perforated stone screens called ''[[Jali]]''. Each shrine has a ''nandi mantapa'' in front (hall with the sculptured image of [[Nandi (bull)|Nandi]] the bull) facing the sanctum.

In between the twin temples is a small intervening shrine called the "Uma-Maheshwara" shrine with a ''kalyana mantapa'' ("marriage alter") supported by ornate pillars in black stone with reliefs depicting of the Hindu gods [[Shiva]] and his consort [[Parvati]], [[Brahma]] and [[Saraswathi]], [[Vishnu]] and [[Lakshmi]], the Vedic god of fire [[Agni]] and Swaha Devi. In front is a meticulously carved black stone kalyana-mandapa with decorative creepers and birds, one that "excels beyond those found in later era Hoysala temples", according to ASI.<ref name=asi/>

According to the art historian George Michell, the temple is a typical 9th–10th century Nolamba construction with [[pilaster]]s on the outer walls of the shrines, perforated decorative stone windows which contain figures, of a dancing Shiva (south wall of the Arunachaleshwara shrine) and [[Durga]] standing on a buffalo head (north wall of Bhoga [[Nandeshwara]] shrine). Pyramidal and tiered towers (''[[shikhara]]'') rise from the two major shrines. Each major shrine has a large ''[[linga]]'' in the sanctum (the universal symbol of the god Shiva) with a sculpture of Nandi (the bull) in a pavilion facing the shrine.<ref name="yalahanka"/> According to Michell, during the 16th century Vijayanagara period, a pavilion with elegant pillars was added in between the two major shrines. The pillars crafted out of grey-green granite have relief sculptures of attendant maidens. Michell feels the minor "Uma-Maheshwara" shrine was added in between the two major shrines (behind the pavilion) during the post Vijayanagara rule of the [[Kempe Gowda I|Gowdas]] of the [[Yelahanka]] dynasty. The minor shrine has a procession of deities and sages in wall relief. The wall that links the two major shrines was cleverly constructed so as to be in-distinguishable from the two original shrines. A spacious pillared hall was also added in front of the two major shrines.<ref name="yalahanka">Michell, George (2013), ''Southern India: A Guide to Monuments Sites & Museums'', Chapter: Karnataka, Section: Bengaluru, Sub-section: Nandi, Roli Books Private Limited, {{ISBN|978-81-7436-920-8}}</ref>

;Other monuments in the complex
{{multiple image
| total_width = 800
| align = centre
| direction = horizontal
| image1 = Bhoganandishwara temple, Nandi hills 147.jpg
| caption1 =
| image2 = Bhoganandishwara temple, Nandi hills 164.jpg
| caption2 =
| image3 = Bhoganandishwara temple, Nandi hills 88.jpg
| caption3 =
| image4 = Bhoganandishwara Temple, Nandi hills es-21.jpg
| caption4 =
| footer = ''Kalyani'' (temple tank), added during the Vijayanagara era
}}
The outer bounding wall (''[[prakara]]'') of the complex has two smaller goddess shrines of the Shakti tradition.<ref name="bhoga" /> To the north of the shrines is a second compound with a ''navaranga mantapa'' (pavilion) with ''[[Yali (Hindu mythology)|Yali]]'' pillars. Beyond this compound is a large stepped temple tank (''[[Temple tank|kalyani]]'' or ''pushkarni''), locally called "Sringeri Teertha" (the mythical source of the Pinakini river) where lamps are lit on certain festive days.<ref name="bhoga" /><ref name="yalahanka" />

;Popularity
The [[Uma–Maheshvara|Uma-Maheshwara]] shrine has reliefs depicting Shiva's marriage to the goddess Parvati. Hence this shrine is popular with newly weds who come to seek blessing.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple - South Side View.jpg|The south side of the Bhoganandishwara Temple complex
File:Nandi_temple.png|Entrance as seen in 1834
File:Bhoganandishwara Temple, Nandi hills es-78.jpg|Main shrine and courtyard of the 9th-century Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple
File:A mantapa (hall) in Bhoganandishvara group of temples at Chikkaballapur district.JPG|View of the large ''Maha mantapa'' (main hall), a [[Vijayanagara Empire]] era construction at the Bhoga Nandeeshvara temple complex
File:Parvati Temple.jpg|Parvati shrine in the temple complex
File:Window art and wall relief at Bhoganandishvara group of temples, Chikkaballapur district.JPG|Window art and relief work at the Bhoganandeeshvara temple complex
File:Yali pillars2 at Bhoganandishvara group of temples, Chikkaballapur district (1).jpg|''[[Yali (Hindu mythology)|Yali]]'' pillars in the ''vasantha mantapa'', a Vijayanagara era addition at Bhoga Nandeeshvara temple complex
File:Vasantha mantapa--a Vijayanagara era contribution to the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex.JPG|''Vasantha mantapa'' ("marriage alter") is a Vijayanagara era contribution to the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex
File:Pillar relief art in Bhoganandishvara group of temples at Chikkaballapur district.jpg|Ornate pillar in the large open ''mantapa'' is a Vijayanagara era addition to the Bhoga Nandeeshvara temple complex
File:Ornate pillar in soap stone-a 13th century Hoysala contribution to the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex 1.JPG|Ornate pillar of the ''vasanta mantapa'', made of soap stone, is a Hoysala era contribution{{cn|date=September 2021}}
File:Ornate pillar in soap stone-a 13th century Hoysala contribution to the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex.JPG|Ornate pillar of the ''vasanta mantapa'', made of soap stone, is a Hoysala era contribution{{cn|date=September 2021}}
File:Open mantapa facing a minor shrine in the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex.JPG|Open mantapa facing a minor shrine at the rear in the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex
File:Entrance to minor shrine in the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex.JPG|Entrance to minor shrine at the rear in the Bhoga Nandeeshwara temple complex
File:Ornate Pillar Carvings of Vasanta Mantapa - Bhoga Nadeeshwara Temple 03.jpg|Ornate Pillar carvings of the Vasantha Mantapa
File:Carvings of Uma Maheshswara Shrine - Bhoga Nadeeshwara Temple.jpg|Ornate Carvings on the Uma-Maheshswara Shrine
File:Ornated Pillar of the Vasanta Mantapa.jpg|Ornated pillar of Vasanta Mantap
File:Outside carved wall of the Arunachaleshswara Shrine - Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple.jpg|Window carving on outerwall of the Arunachaleshswara shrine in the Bhoga Nandeeshvara temple complex
File:Unique carvings outside the Uma Maheshswara shrine - Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple.jpg|Intricate stone carvings of female figures on the exterior of the Uma Maheshswara shrine at the Bhoga Nandeeshwara Temple complex
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Commons category|Bhoganandishwara Temple}}
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Shiva temples in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Hindu temples in Chikkaballapura district]]
[[Category:Architecture of the Nolambas]]

Mohit Randeria

2026-03-07T23:10:29Z

LashayFmm33111: typo fix

{{Short description|US-based Indian condensed matter physicist}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Mohit Randeria
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|3|9}}
| birth_place = New Delhi, India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| fields = {{ublist | [[Condensed matter physics]] }}
| workplaces = {{ublist | 1987–89 [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois]] | 1989–91 [[State University of New York at Stony Brook|State University of New York]] | 1991–95 [[Argonne National Laboratory]] | 1995–2004 [[Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]] | 2004– [[Ohio State University]] | 2002–03 [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|University of Illinois]]-visiting }}
| alma_mater = {{ublist | 1975–80 [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi|IIT Delhi]] | 1980–82 [[California Institute of Technology]] | 1982–87 [[Cornell University]] }}
| doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | James P. Sethna | [[Anthony James Leggett]] }}
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Studies on [[condensed matter theory]] and [[superconductivity]]
| awards = {{ublist| 1997 B.M. Birla Prize | 2002 [[ICTP Prize]] | 2002 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] |
2007 [[IIT Delhi]] Distinguished Alumni Award | 2023 [[Ohio State|OSU]] Distinguished Scholar Award }}
}}
'''Mohit Randeria''' (born March 9, 1958) is a US-based Indian condensed matter physicist and a professor of physics at [[Ohio State University]]. Known for his research on condensed matter theory and superconductivity, Randeria is an elected fellow of the [[American Physics Society]]. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards, for his contributions to physical sciences in 2002.<ref name="View Bhatnagar Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx |title=View Bhatnagar Awardees |date=2017-11-11 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=2017-11-11}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Long link - please select award year to see details}} He was awarded the 2002 [[ICTP Prize]] of the [[International Center for Theoretical Physics]], Trieste and the 2022 {{ill|John Bardeen Prize|de}}.

== Biography ==
[[File:IIT Delhi.JPG|thumb|left|IIT Delhi]]
Born on March 9, 1958, in the India capital of [[New Delhi]], Mohit Randeria graduated in electrical engineering from the [[Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi]] in 1980 and moved to the US for his master's studies to earn an MS degree in physics from [[California Institute of Technology]] in 1982.<ref name="IITD Distinguished Alumni Award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iitd.ac.in/convocation/2007/DAA_mohit.pdf |title=IITD Distinguished Alumni Award |date=2017-10-20 |website=Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi |access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref> Subsequently, he enrolled at [[Cornell University]] in 1984 for his doctoral studies under the guidance of James P. Sethna and after securing a PhD in 1987, he did his post-doctoral work at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign]] during 1987–89, in the group of [[Anthony James Leggett]], who would go on to win the [[Nobel Prize for Physics]] in 2003.<ref name="Biographical Information">{{Cite web |url=http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~randeria/shortvita2010.pdf |title=Biographical Information |date=2017-10-20 |website=Ohio State University |access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
[[File:Meissner effect p1390048.jpg|thumb|235px|A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor, cooled with liquid nitrogen]]
Randeria's work has primarily been focused on high temperature [[superconductors]].<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/Detail.aspx?AID=263 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017-10-17 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize |access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref> Besides, he has also worked on condensed matter theory, ultracold [[atomic gases]], [[photoelectron]] [[spectroscopy]], ''magnetism, disorder and nanoscale inhomogeneity in oxides''<ref name="Dr. Mohit Randeria Professor Faculty">{{Cite web |url=https://physics.osu.edu/people/randeria.1 |title=Dr. Mohit Randeria Professor Faculty |date=2017-10-20 |website=Ohio State University |access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref> as well as ''theoretical analysis of photoemision spectroscopy experiments''.<ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners |date=2017-10-17 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |access-date=2017-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> His studies have been documented by way of a number of articles<ref name="On ResearchGate">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/6636005_Mohit_Randeria |title=On ResearchGate |date=2017-10-17 |access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and [[Google Scholar]], an online article repository of scientific articles, has listed 223 of them.<ref name="On Google Scholar">{{Cite web |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=P9U5KzEAAAAJ&hl=en |title=On Google Scholar |date=2017-10-17 |publisher=Google Scholar |access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref>

Randeria is known to have been active in organizing science conferences and seminars.<ref name="Biographical Information" /> He served as the co-organizer of ''Correlated Quantum Matter'' workshop in 2005 and ''Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories'' international conference in 2009 and was a member of advisory committees/panels of the ''International Conference on Low Temperature Physics'' in 2005, ''Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity M2S'' conference held in [[Dresden]] in 2006, ''Basic Research Needs for Superconductivity'' seminar of [[Ministry of Power (India)|Department of Energy]] in 2006, ''Spectroscopies of Novel Superconductors'' seminar in 2007 and ''Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity'' seminar held in Tokyo in 2009. The plenary or invited talks delivered by him include two talks at [[Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics]] in 2004 and 2009, the talks at [[Oxford University]] and [[Princeton University]] in 2004, at [[University of Notre Dame]], [[Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems]] and [[International Centre for Theoretical Physics]] in 2005, at [[Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics]], Indian Institute of Science, Brasilia Winter School and Rutgers Mathematical Physics Conference in 2006, at [[Landau Institute for Theoretical Physics]] and [[Institut Henri Poincaré]] in 2007 count among them.

== Awards and honors ==
Randeria received the B. M. Birla Science Prize of the [[Birla Science Museum|B. M. Birla Science Centre]] in 1997.<ref name="B. M. Birla Science Prize">{{Cite web |title=B. M. Birla Science Prize |date=2017-10-20 |website=B. M. Birla Science Centre }}</ref> A year later, he was selected for the Swarnajayanti Fellowship of the [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of Science and Technology]] for a five-year tenure that ran between 1998 and 2003. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 2002.<ref name="CSIR list of Awardees">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/careeraward/prize-winner-indexdiscipline-wise |title=CSIR list of Awardees |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research}}</ref> The same year, he received the ICTP Prize of the [[International Center for Theoretical Physics]].<ref name="Mohit Randeria on APS">{{Cite web |url=https://physics.aps.org/authors/mohit_randeria |title=Mohit Randeria on APS |date=2017-10-20 |access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref> His alma mater, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi chose him for the Distinguished Alumni Award in 2008 and the [[American Physics Society]] elected him as their fellow in 2008.<ref name="APS Fellow Archive">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/fellowships/archive-all.cfm?initial=R&year=2017&unit_id=&institution= |title=APS Fellow Archive |date=2017-10-20 |website=American Physics Society |access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref> He was awarded the 2022 John Bardeen Prize “for pioneering theoretical work that has provided significant insights on the nature of superconductivity, its realization in strongly correlated systems, and experimental probes of unconventional superconductors,” specifically “for contributions to the theory of the BCS-BEC crossover, for providing theoretical understanding of angle-resolved photoemission experiments on superconducting and pseudo gap phases of the cuprate superconductors, and for providing rigorous bounds on the superconducting transition temperature in two-dimensional materials.” He received [[Ohio State University|The Ohio State University]] Distinguished Scholar Award in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof. Mohit Randeria receives 2023 Distinguished Scholar Award {{!}} Department of Physics |url=https://physics.osu.edu/news/prof.-mohit-randeria-receives-2023-distinguished-scholar-award |access-date=2025-07-10 |website=physics.osu.edu |language=en}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|editor1-first=A. |editor1-last=Griffin|editor2-first=D. W. |editor2-last=Snoke|editor3-first=S.|editor3-last=Stringari |first=Mohit |last=Randeria |title=Bose-Einstein Condensation|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suqJdr2pPIsC&pg=PA355|date=13 July 1996|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-58990-1|pages=355–|chapter=Crossover from BCS Theory to Bose-Einstein Condensation}}
* {{cite book|editor-first=Raymond F. |editor-last=Bishop|first1=Nandini |last1=Trivedi |first2=Amit |last2=Ghoshal |first3=Mohit |last3=Randeria |title=Recent Progress in Many-body Theories: The Proceedings of the 10th International Conference, Seattle, USA, September 10-15, 1999|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZwMWNePry2sC&pg=PA54|year=2000|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-02-4318-0|pages=54–|chapter=Recent Progress on Models of Highly Disordered Superconductors}}
* {{cite book|editor1-first=Adolfo |editor1-last=Avella|editor2-first=Ferdinando |editor2-last=Mancini|first1=Mohit |last1=Randeria |first2=Rajdeep |last2=Sensharma |first3=Nandini |last3=Trivedi |title=Strongly Correlated Systems: Theoretical Methods|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrH3vDbMFikC&pg=PA29|date=1 November 2011|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-21831-6|pages=29–|chapter=Projected Wavefunctions and High Tc Superconductivity in Doped Mott Insulators}}
* {{cite book|editor1-first=Premi |editor1-last=Chandra|editor1-link=Premala Chandra|editor2-first=Piers |editor2-last=Coleman|editor3-first=Gabi|editor3-last=Kotlyar |editor4-first=Phuan |editor4-last=Ong |editor5-first=Daniel L. |editor5-last=Stein |editor6-first=Clare |editor6-last=Yu |first=Mohit |last=Randeria |title=PWA90: A Lifetime of Emergence|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IdjACwAAQBAJ&pg=PA113|date=21 December 2015|isbn=978-981-4733-63-2|pages=113–|chapter=High ''T''c Superconductivity and RVB|bibcode=2016pwa..book.....C|doi=10.1142/9882}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last=Mohit Randeria |title=High Tc superconductivity in doped Mott insulators |journal=Larkin Memorial Conference |date=2007 |url=http://larkinconf.itp.ac.ru/presentations/Randeria.pdf}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mohit Randeria |title=Ultracold Fermi gases: Pre-pairing for condensation |journal=Nature Physics |publication-date=2010 |volume=6 |issue=8 |pages=561–562 |doi=10.1038/nphys1748|bibcode=2010NatPh...6..561R |year=2010 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mohit Randeria, Edward Taylor |title=BCS-BEC Crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas |journal=Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics |publication-date=2014 |volume=5 |issue=a |pages=209–232 |doi=10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031113-133829|bibcode=2014ARCMP...5..209R |year=2014 |arxiv=1306.5785 |s2cid=119292503 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Mohit Randeria |title=Introduction to Many-Body Physics |journal=Physics Today |publication-date=2017 |volume=70 |issue=5 |pages=59–60 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.3558|bibcode=2017PhT....70e..59R |year=2017 |doi-access=free }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Chaos theory]]
* [[Condensed matter theory]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Physics}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite web |first1=Mohit |last1=Randeria |first2=Edward |last2=Taylor |title=BCS to BEC Crossover and the Unitarity Fermi Gas |date=2014 |url=http://boulderschool.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/Randeria-Boulder-lecture4.pdf}}

== External links ==
* {{cite book|author=Società italiana di fisica|title=Models and Phenomenology for Conventional and High-Temperature Superconductivity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndrDAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA498|year=1998|publisher=IOS Press|isbn=978-1-61499-221-9|pages=498–}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4A8WRIeGmik |title=A simple fermion model for a direct transition from an insulator to a superconductor |last=Mohit Randeria |date=July 6, 2016 |publisher=Department of Physics Technion |format=YouTube video |access-date=2017-10-20}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~randeria/publications2010.pdf |title=Publications - Mohit Randeria |date=2017-10-20 |website=Ohio State University |access-date=2017-10-20}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Physical Science}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Randeria, Mohit}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Physical Science]]
[[Category:Scientists from Delhi]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:Indian condensed matter physicists]]
[[Category:Indian physicists]]
[[Category:IIT Delhi alumni]]
[[Category:California Institute of Technology alumni]]
[[Category:Cornell University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty]]
[[Category:State University of New York faculty]]
[[Category:Argonne National Laboratory people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Tata Institute of Fundamental Research]]
[[Category:Ohio State University faculty]]
[[Category:Fellows of the American Physical Society]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Uppu

2026-03-07T04:58:56Z

LashayFmm33111: general correct content to improve readability and improved wording

{{distinguish|Uppu language}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Uppu
| image =
| caption =
| director = [[V. K. Pavithran]]
| producer = K. M. A. Rahim
| writer = K. M. A. Rahim
| based_on =
| starring = [[P. T. Kunju Muhammed]] Jayalalitha Vijayan Kottarathil Madhavan
| music = Saratchandra Marathe
| cinematography = [[Madhu Ambat]]
| editing = [[Venugopal]]
| studio = Eranadan Movies
| distributor = [[Jubilee Productions]]
| released = {{Film date|1987|8|5|df=y}}
| runtime = 117 minutes
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Uppu''''' ({{langx|en|Salt}}, {{langx|fr|Le Sel}}) is a 1987 Indian [[Malayalam]] film, directed by [[V. K. Pavithran]] and written by K. M. A. Rahim.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1978|title=Uppu|access-date=2014-10-21|publisher=MalayalaChalachithram}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/as.php?1990258|title=Uppu|access-date=2014-10-21|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/uppu-malayalam-movie/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022075705/http://spicyonion.com/title/uppu-malayalam-movie/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 October 2014|title=Uppu|access-date=2014-10-21|publisher=spicyonion.com}}</ref> The film is about the atavistic Muslim practice of male [[polygamy]]. The film is entirely on the side of the wronged wives, mounting a strong criticism of this aspect of the Muslim religion. It stars [[P. T. Kunju Muhammed]], Jayalalitha, Vijayan Kottarathil and Madhavan. The film won the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam]].

==Cast==
* [[P. T. Kunju Muhammed]] as Abu
* [[Jayalalita]] as Amina
* [[Bharathi Vishnuvardhan|Bharathi]] as Khadeeja
* Vijayan Kottarathil as Meleri Moosa
* Madhavan as Moidutty Mudalali
* [[Sadiq (actor)|Sadiq]] as Saleem
* [[Mullanezhi]] as Nanu Nair
* [[Valsala Menon]] as Mariyambi
* [[V. K. Sreeraman]] as Abdul Rahman Musaliyar
* [[C. V. Sreeraman]] as Khazi (religious leader)
* Preetha A as Abu's daughter

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20121223203156/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/384505 ''Uppu''] at the [[British Film Institute]] Movie Database
* {{IMDb title|0253871}}

{{National Film Award Best Feature Film Malayalam}}

[[Category:1987 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Films about polygamy]]
[[Category:Fiction about polygamy]]
[[Category:Best Malayalam Feature Film National Film Award winners]]

{{1980s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Grant County, Indiana

2026-03-04T22:08:32Z

LashayFmm33111: Creating.

{{short description|County in Indiana, United States}}
{{Use American English|date=June 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county = Grant County
| state = Indiana
| founded year = 1831
| founded date =
| seat wl = Marion
| largest city = Marion
| area_total_sq_mi = 414.90
| area_land_sq_mi = 414.07
| area_water_sq_mi = 0.82
| area percentage = 0.20%
| census yr = 2020
| pop = 66674
| pop_est_as_of = 2025
| population_est = 66615<ref name="IndianaDemographics"/> {{decrease}}
| density_sq_mi = auto
| time zone = Eastern
| web = http://www.grantcounty.net
| named for = Samuel and Moses Grant
| ex image = Grant County Courthhouse, Marion, Indiana.JPG
| ex image cap = Grant County Courthouse in Marion
| district = 5th
| footnotes = Indiana county number 27 |logo=GrantCountyINlogo.png|logo size=120px|image_seal=GrantCountyINseal.png}}
'''Grant County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in central [[Indiana]] in the United States Midwest. At the time of the 2020 census, the population was 66,674.<ref name=QF>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18053.html|title=Grant County QuickFacts|access-date=September 17, 2011|publisher=US Census Bureau|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607082023/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18053.html|archive-date=June 7, 2011}}</ref> The [[county seat]] is [[Marion, Indiana|Marion]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> Important [[paleontology|paleontological]] discoveries, dating from the [[Pliocene]] epoch, have been made at the [[Pipe Creek Sinkhole]] in Grant County.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024|reason=Cannot find additional information supporting this line within the article}}

==History==
Grant County was formed in 1831 by settlers from Kentucky and Virginia. It was named after Captains Samuel and Moses Grant of [[Kentucky]], who were killed fighting indigenous warriors north of the Ohio River.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA141|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States| publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|author=Gannett, Henry|year=1905|pages=14}}</ref> Their home county was also named after them, [[Grant County, Kentucky]].

In 1831, Martin Boots and David Branson each donated 30 acres of land to begin a settlement called Marion. This land was on the north side of a fast-flowing and scenic river which the [[Miami Indians]] called ''[[Mississinewa River|Mississinewa]]''. Marion was designated as the County Seat.<ref>[http://grantcounty.com/about-gc/history/ Grant County History, Grant County website]</ref> As the county was developed for agriculture, the County Seat became a center of trade and business, as well as government and the court system.

On August 7, 1930, a mob of an estimated 5,000 people took three African-American men, [[Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith|Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith]], both 19, and [[James Cameron (activist)|James Cameron]], 16, from the county jail. They were suspects in a robbery/murder and rape. The first two were hanged from trees in the courthouse square. Cameron was spared and later became a civil rights activist. This was the last lynching in Indiana.<ref>[https://www.thenation.com/article/anatomy-murder/ David Bradley, "Anatomy of a Murder"], ''The Nation'', May 24, 2006; accessed June 1, 2018.</ref>

In 1982, Stephen Johnson was elected as Grant County's first full-time prosecutor. He served for five terms, from 1983 through 2002.

==Geography==
Grant County consists of low rolling hills, covered with vegetation and devoted to agriculture or urban development.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Grant+County,+IN/@40.4595255,-85.547695,17.75z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x8814ff2c205995c5:0x2d4e50fbf927ffd3!8m2!3d40.4730605!4d-85.684578 Grant County IN (Google Maps, accessed 20 January 2020)]</ref> The [[Mississinewa River]] flows northwesterly through the center of the county toward [[Mississinewa Lake Dam|Mississinewa Lake]] in adjacent [[Miami County, Indiana|Miami County]]. The highest terrain consists of two rises in southeast [[Upland, Indiana|Upland]], at {{convert|950|ft|m|abbr=on}} ASL.<ref>[https://www.peakbagger.com/map/BigMap.aspx?cy=40.472426&cx=-85.489746&z=13&l=L_CT|L_FS|L_MT|L_AG|L_OS&hj=0&t=P&d=22968&c=0&a=1&sx=-999&sy=-999&cyn=0 Grant County High Point, Indiana (PeakBagger.com, accessed 20 January 2020)]</ref> According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of {{convert|414.90|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|414.07|sqmi}} (or 99.80%) is land and {{convert|0.82|sqmi}} (or 0.20%) is water.<ref name=DC/>

[[Image:Marion-indiana-from-above.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Aerial view of [[Marion, Indiana|Marion]]]]

===Adjacent counties===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
Grant County shares a border with nine neighboring counties, more than any other county in Indiana.
* [[Huntington County, Indiana|Huntington County]] - northeast
* [[Wells County, Indiana|Wells County]] - northeast
* [[Blackford County, Indiana|Blackford County]] - east
* [[Delaware County, Indiana|Delaware County]] - southeast
* [[Madison County, Indiana|Madison County]] - south
* [[Tipton County, Indiana|Tipton County]] - southwest
* [[Howard County, Indiana|Howard County]] - west
* [[Miami County, Indiana|Miami County]] - northwest
* [[Wabash County, Indiana|Wabash County]] - northwest
{{div col end}}

===Transit===
* [[Marion Transit System]]

===Major highways===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{Jct|state=IN|I|69}} - Interstate Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|US|35}} - Federal Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|5}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|9}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|13}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|15}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|18}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|19}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|22}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|26}} - State Highway
* {{Jct|state=IN|SR|37}} - State Highway
{{div col end}}

==Climate and weather==
{{climate chart
|[[Marion, Indiana]]
|16|32|2.16
|19|37|2.03
|28|48|3.01
|38|60|3.58
|49|72|4.29
|59|81|3.93
|63|85|4.73
|61|82|3.66
|53|76|2.84
|42|64|2.58
|33|50|3.35
|22|37|2.85
|float=right
|units=imperial
|clear=both
|source=The Weather Channel<ref name=WX>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USIN0390|title=Monthly Averages for Marion IN|access-date=January 27, 2011|publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref>}}
In recent years, average temperatures in Marion have ranged from a low of {{convert|16|°F}} in January to a high of {{convert|85|°F}} in July, although a record low of {{convert|-23|°F}} was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of {{convert|108|°F}} was recorded in July 1936. Average monthly precipitation ranged from {{convert|2.03|in}} in February to {{convert|4.73|in}} in July.<ref name=WX/>

==Government==
{{see also|Government of Indiana}}
The county government is a constitutional body, granted specific powers by the [[Constitution of Indiana]] and the [[Indiana Code]].

'''County Council:''' The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives, elected to four-year terms from county districts, are responsible for setting salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council also has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.<ref name=inc3623>{{cite web|author=Indiana Code|author-link=Indiana Code|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title36/ar2/ch3.html|title=Title 36, Article 2, Section 3|access-date=September 16, 2008|publisher=IN.gov}}</ref><ref name=inc2102>{{cite web|author=Indiana Code|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title3/ar10/ch2.pdf|title=Title 2, Article 10, Section 2|access-date=September 16, 2008|publisher=IN.gov}}</ref>

'''Board of Commissioners:''' The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners are charged with executing the acts legislated by the council, collecting revenue, and managing the day-to-day functions of the county government.<ref name=inc3623/><ref name=inc2102/>

'''Court:''' The county maintains a [[small claims court]] that can handle some civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years and must be a member of the Indiana Bar Association. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level [[circuit court]].<ref name=inc2102/>

'''County Officials:''' The county has several other elected offices, including [[sheriff]], [[coroner]], [[auditor]], [[treasurer]], [[Recorder of deeds|recorder]], [[Surveying|surveyor]] and circuit [[court clerk]], elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare [[political party|party]] affiliations and to be residents of the county.<ref name=inc2102/>

Grant County is part of [[Indiana's 5th congressional district]]; [[Indiana Senate]] districts 17, 19 and 21;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/3006.htm|title=Indiana Senate Districts|publisher=State of Indiana|access-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref> and [[Indiana House of Representatives]] districts 31, 32 and 82.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in.gov/sos/elections/3005.htm|title=Indiana House Districts|publisher=State of Indiana|access-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>

{{PresHead|place=Grant County, Indiana|source1=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Atlas of US Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=April 9, 2018}}</ref>|source2=<ref>The leading "other" candidate, [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive]] [[Theodore Roosevelt]], received 2,185 votes, while Socialist candidate [[Eugene V. Debs|Eugene Debs]] received 1,323 votes, [[Prohibition Party|Prohibition]] candidate [[Eugene W. Chafin|Eugene Chafin]] received 1,015 votes, and [[Socialist Labor Party of America|Socialist Labor]] candidate [[Arthur E. Reimer|Arthur Reimer]] received 184 votes.</ref>}}

{{PresRow|1888|Republican|3,929|2,990|374|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1892|Republican|4,916|3,590|909|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|7,723|5,072|305|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|8,832|5,312|1,140|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|9,550|4,668|2,170|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|7,181|5,819|1,531|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|3,939|4,390|4,707|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|6,059|5,827|2,081|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|12,349|7,900|2,156|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|11,173|7,086|2,017|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|14,659|7,273|284|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|11,398|13,390|1,173|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|11,774|13,655|831|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|15,187|13,257|335|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|14,527|11,031|821|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1948|Republican|13,138|12,212|765|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|16,678|10,646|599|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|17,548|9,455|203|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|19,021|13,642|178|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|14,688|17,574|232|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|16,170|10,938|3,718|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|20,969|7,912|77|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|16,847|13,468|239|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|19,078|10,390|1,441|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|20,482|9,986|205|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|18,441|10,799|131|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|13,806|9,211|5,721|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|13,443|9,818|3,217|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|16,153|9,712|521|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|18,769|8,509|182|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|14,734|11,293|317|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|15,151|9,589|589|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|17,008|7,010|1,554|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|18,543|8,015|672|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|17,580|7,083|563|Indiana}}
{{PresFoot}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 4875
|1850= 11092
|1860= 15797
|1870= 18487
|1880= 23618
|1890= 31493
|1900= 54693
|1910= 51426
|1920= 51353
|1930= 51066
|1940= 55813
|1950= 62156
|1960= 75741
|1970= 83955
|1980= 80934
|1990= 74169
|2000= 73403
|2010= 70061
|2020= 66674
|estyear=2025
|estimate=66615
|estref=<ref name="IndianaDemographics">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiana-demographics.com/grant-county-demographics|title=Grant County Demographic Statistics|publisher=Indiana Demographics by Cubit|accessdate=January 29, 2025}}</ref> {{decrease}}
|align-fn=center
|footnote=US Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=US Decennial Census|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/in190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2013<ref name=QF/>
| align = right
}}

===2020 census===

As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the county had a population of 66,674. The median age was 40.8 years. 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18 and 19.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 93.4 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 90.4 males age 18 and over.<ref name="Census2020DP">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dp?get=NAME,DP1_0021P,DP1_0024P,DP1_0025C,DP1_0049C,DP1_0045C,DP1_0069C,DP1_0073C,DP1_0125P,DP1_0126P,DP1_0129P,DP1_0133P,DP1_0137P,DP1_0138P,DP1_0139P,DP1_0141P,DP1_0142P,DP1_0143P,DP1_0145P,DP1_0146P,DP1_0147C,DP1_0148C,DP1_0149C,DP1_0156C,DP1_0157C,DP1_0158C,DP1_0159P,DP1_0160P&for=county%3A053&in=state%3A18|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=December 30, 2025|df=mdy}}</ref><ref name="Census2020PL">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=NAME,P1_001N,P1_003N,P1_004N,P1_005N,P1_006N,P1_007N,P1_008N,P1_009N,P2_001N,P2_002N,H1_001N,H1_002N&for=county%3A053&in=state%3A18|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2021|access-date=December 30, 2025|df=mdy}}</ref>

The racial makeup of the county was 83.4% [[White Americans|White]], 7.0% [[African Americans|Black or African American]], 0.3% [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian and Alaska Native]], 0.8% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], <0.1% [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] and [[Pacific Islander|Pacific Islander]], 1.7% from some other race, and 6.7% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] residents of any race comprised 5.1% of the population.<ref name="Census2020PL"/>

61.4% of residents lived in urban areas, while 38.6% lived in rural areas.<ref name="Census2020DHC">{{cite web|title=2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/dhc?get=NAME,P2_002N,P2_003N&for=county%3A053&in=state%3A18|website=United States Census Bureau|year=2023|access-date=December 30, 2025|df=mdy}}</ref>

There were 26,487 households in the county, of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 43.4% were married-couple households, 19.6% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 29.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

There were 29,810 housing units, of which 11.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 68.8% were owner-occupied and 31.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 11.0%.<ref name="Census2020DP"/>

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 70,061 people, 27,245 households, and 18,000 families in the county.<ref name=DC>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US18053|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data|access-date=July 10, 2015|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213024448/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US18053|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The population density was {{convert|169.2|PD/sqmi}}. There were 30,443 housing units at an average density of {{convert|73.5|/sqmi}}.<ref name=CD>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US18053|access-date=July 10, 2015|title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212201244/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US18053|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 88.2% white, 7.0% black or African American, 0.6% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 1.4% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.6% of the population.<ref name=DC/> In terms of ancestry, 19.5% were [[Germans|German]], 12.4% were [[Americans|American]], 10.0% were [[Irish people|Irish]], and 9.0% were [[English people|English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0400000US18%7c0500000US18053|title=Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|access-date=July 10, 2015|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214003936/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0400000US18%7C0500000US18053|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Of the 27,245 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.0% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were non-families, and 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.89. The median age was 39.5 years.<ref name=DC/>

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $49,860. Males had a median income of $40,146 versus $28,588 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,792. About 12.0% of families and 17.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0400000US18%7c0500000US18053|title=Selected Economic Characteristics – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|access-date=July 10, 2015|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002305/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0400000US18%7C0500000US18053|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Localities==
===Cities===
* [[Gas City, Indiana|Gas City]]
* [[Jonesboro, Indiana|Jonesboro]]
* [[Marion, Indiana|Marion]]

===Towns===
{{div col}}
* [[Fairmount, Indiana|Fairmount]]
* [[Fowlerton, Indiana|Fowlerton]]
* [[Matthews, Indiana|Matthews]]
* [[Swayzee, Indiana|Swayzee]]
* [[Sweetser, Indiana|Sweetser]]
* [[Upland, Indiana|Upland]]
* [[Van Buren, Indiana|Van Buren]]
{{div col end}}

===Census-designated places===
{{div col}}
* [[Herbst, Indiana|Herbst]]
* [[Jalapa, Indiana|Jalapa]]
* [[Landess, Indiana|Landess]]
* [[Mier, Indiana|Mier]]
* [[Point Isabel, Indiana|Point Isabel]]
* [[Sims, Indiana|Sims]]
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Farrville, Indiana|Farrville]]
* [[Friendly Corner, Indiana|Friendly Corner]]
* [[Hackleman, Indiana|Hackleman]]
* [[Hanfield, Indiana|Hanfield]]
* [[Michaelsville, Indiana|Michaelsville]]
* [[Normal, Indiana|Normal]]
* [[Radley, Indiana|Radley]]
* [[Rigdon, Indiana|Rigdon]]
* [[Roseburg, Grant County, Indiana|Roseburg]]
* [[Weaver, Indiana|Weaver]]
{{div col end}}

===Townships===
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Center Township, Grant County, Indiana|Center]]
* [[Fairmount Township, Grant County, Indiana|Fairmount]]
* [[Franklin Township, Grant County, Indiana|Franklin]]
* [[Green Township, Grant County, Indiana|Green]]
* [[Jefferson Township, Grant County, Indiana|Jefferson]]
* [[Liberty Township, Grant County, Indiana|Liberty]]
* [[Mill Township, Grant County, Indiana|Mill]]
* [[Monroe Township, Grant County, Indiana|Monroe]]
* [[Pleasant Township, Grant County, Indiana|Pleasant]]
* [[Richland Township, Grant County, Indiana|Richland]]
* [[Sims Township, Grant County, Indiana|Sims]]
* [[Van Buren Township, Grant County, Indiana|Van Buren]]
* [[Washington Township, Grant County, Indiana|Washington]]
{{div col end}}

==Education==
School districts include:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18053_grant/DC20SD_C18053.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Grant County, IN|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 22, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18053_grant/DC20SD_C18053_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>
* [[Eastbrook Community School Corporation]]
* [[Madison-Grant United School Corporation]]
* [[Marion Community Schools]]
* [[Mississinewa Community School Corporation]]
* [[Oak Hill United School Corporation]]

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Grant County, Indiana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Geographic location
|Center = Grant County, Indiana
|Northeast = [[Huntington County, Indiana|Huntington County]]
|East = [[Wells County, Indiana|Wells County]] and [[Blackford County, Indiana|Blackford County]]
|Southeast = [[Delaware County, Indiana|Delaware County]]
|South = [[Madison County, Indiana|Madison County]]
|Southwest = [[Tipton County, Indiana|Tipton County]]
|West = [[Howard County, Indiana|Howard County]] and [[Miami County, Indiana|Miami County]]
|Northwest = [[Wabash County, Indiana|Wabash County]]
}}

{{Grant County, Indiana}}
{{Indiana}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|40.52|-85.65|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-IN_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Grant County, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Indiana counties]]
[[Category:1831 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1831]]

Hafeez-ur-Rehman Dreshak

2026-03-03T21:04:19Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|Pakistani politician}}
{{for|the Pakistani cricketer|Hafeez-ur-Rehman (cricketer)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Hafeez-ur-Rehman Khan Dreshak
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| office = Member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]]
| term_start = 29 February 2024
| term_end =
| constituency = [[NA-188 Rajanpur-II]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age| 1957 |1|1}}
| birth_place = [[Rajanpur]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]]
| nationality = Pakistani
| party = [[Istehkam-e-Pakistan Party|IPP]] (2026-present)
|otherparty = [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2023-2026) [[Independent politician|IND]] (2018-2023) [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)|PMLN]] (2013-2018) [[Pakistan People’s Party|PPP]] (2008)
| native_name = {{nq|حفیظ الرحمان خان دریشک}}
| term_start1 = 1 June 2013
| term_end1 = 31 May 2018
| constituency1 = [[Constituency NA-175|NA-175 (Rajanpur-II)]]
}}

'''Hafeez-ur-Rehman Khan Dreshak''' ({{Langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|حفیظ الرحمن خان درشک}}}}; born 1 January 1957) is a Pakistani politician who has been a member of the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] since February 2024, and previously served in this position from June 2013 to May 2018.

==Life and career==
Dreshak was born on 1 January 1957.<ref name="pildat/dob">{{cite web|title=Detail Information|url=http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=175|accessdate=10 July 2017|date=26 April 2014|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426015833/http://www.pildat.org/mna/rsDetail.asp?detid=175|archivedate=26 April 2014}}</ref>

He ran for the seat of [[Provincial Assembly of Punjab]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] (PPP) from [[Constituency PP-248 (Rajanpur-II)]] in the [[2008 Pakistani general election]] but was unsuccessful. He received 15,452 votes and lost the seat to an independent candidate, Sardar Athar Hassan Khan Gorchani.<ref>{{cite web|title=2008 election result|url=https://www.ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202008/Report,%20General%20Election%202008,%20Vol-II.pdf|publisher=ECP|accessdate=12 May 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105060230/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202008/Report,%20General%20Election%202008,%20Vol-II.pdf|archivedate=5 January 2018}}</ref>

He was elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as a candidate of [[Pakistan Muslim League (N)]] (PML-N) from [[Constituency NA-175|Constituency NA-175 (Rajanpur-II)]] in the [[2013 Pakistani general election]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Rajanpur: CM announces Rs50 million relief for flood affected - The Express Tribune|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/586746/rajanpur-shahbaz-sharif-announces-rs50-million-relief-for-flood-affected/|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Express Tribune|date=5 August 2013|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306211119/https://tribune.com.pk/story/586746/rajanpur-shahbaz-sharif-announces-rs50-million-relief-for-flood-affected/|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=PML-N lines up NA candidates in Punjab|url=http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|accessdate=6 March 2017|work=The Nation|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306034027/http://nation.com.pk/elections-2013/20-Apr-2013/pml-n-lines-up-na-candidates-in-punjab|archivedate=6 March 2017}}</ref> He received 110,573 votes and defeated an independent candidate, [[Dost Muhammad Mazari]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 election result|url=https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|publisher=ECP|accessdate=12 April 2018|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180201140612/https://ecp.gov.pk/Documents/General%20Elections%202013%20report/Election%20Report%202013%20Volume-II.pdf|archivedate=1 February 2018}}</ref>

He contested the [[2018 Pakistani general election]] as an independent candidate from [[NA-194 (Rajanpur-II)|NA-194 Rajanpur-II]], but was unsuccessful. He received 64,739 votes and was defeated by [[Sardar Nasrullah Khan Dreshak]], a candidate of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/detailed-gazette-notification |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=ecp.gov.pk |archive-date=2024-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720203443/https://ecp.gov.pk/detailed-gazette-notification |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He was re-elected to the National Assembly from [[NA-188 Rajanpur-II]] as a candidate of PML-N in the [[2024 Pakistani general election]]. He received 85,979 votes and defeated [[Ahmad Ali Khan Dreshak]], an [[Independent politician]] candidate supported by [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|PTI]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Commission of Pakistan |url=https://ecp.gov.pk/general-elections-2024 |access-date=2024-07-17 |website=ecp.gov.pk |archive-date=2024-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240106074323/https://ecp.gov.pk/general-elections-2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dreshak, Hafeez-ur-Rehman}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Muslim League (N) MNAs]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Pakistani MNAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1957 births]]

{{MuslimN-MNA-stub}}

Mohana Punnagai

2026-03-03T05:18:31Z

LashayFmm33111: update formatting per sources and cleaned formatting based on references

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Mohana Punnagai.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]
| writer = Sridhar
| producer = R. P. Sarathy
| starring = [[Sivaji Ganesan]] [[Geetha Kumarasinghe]] [[Jayabharathi]] [[Padmapriya]] [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] Anandhi
| cinematography = [[P. N. Sundaram]]
| editing = K. Govindasamy
| music = [[M. S. Viswanathan]]
| studio = Sarathy Motion Pictures
| released = {{Film date|1981|01|14|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Mohana Punnagai''''' ({{translation|The seductive smile}}) is a 1981 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]] written and directed by [[C. V. Sridhar|Sridhar]]. The film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]], [[Geetha Kumarasinghe]], [[Jayabharathi]], [[Padmapriya]], [[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] and Anandhi. It was released on 14 January 1981.<ref>{{Cite web |title=211–220 |url=http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp22.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215151/http://nadigarthilagam.com/filmographyp22.htm |archive-date=2 June 2021 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=nadigarthilagam.com}}</ref> The film was an average grosser in Tamil Nadu, but performed better in Sri Lanka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jeyaraj |first=D. B. S. |date=26 July 2014 |title=Sivaji Ganesan: Tamil cinema's versatile actor par excellence |url=https://www.ft.lk/Columnists/sivaji-ganesan-tamil-cinemas-versatile-actor-par-excellence/10496-328270 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928114537/https://www.ft.lk/Columnists/sivaji-ganesan-tamil-cinemas-versatile-actor-par-excellence/10496-328270 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=[[Daily FT]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Raju is a wealthy man who has everything, except he is unlucky when it comes to matters of love. There are four women who comes into his life only for him to lose them. He meets and falls in love with Geetha while on excursion of a business trip to Sri Lanka. He poses as a photographer for magazine, wins her love and gets things to a point of marriage. Unfortunately for him, his cross-cousin, who he is very close to, would have married but for falling in love with Geetha and who has been in love with him from his childhood, Bhama, in her possessiveness, kills Geetha on the wedding altar and killing herself too.

He is heartbroken and taken to drink. His secretary, Radha, slowly but steadily brings him out of his depression and makes him look at the bright side of life again. Just when he starts to think that she is in love with him, she introduces her boyfriend and seeks his blessings, as a well-wisher, for their marriage. He does it and moves on vowing never to look at women again.

Sarasu, a teen girl and granddaughter of his servant, having watch him go to failure from failure develops an infatuation on him. To add to this, he helps her education, guides her and at one point, upon the death of her grandfather, even goes to becoming her guardian. She intends to marry him and give him the happiness that has eluded him always. Noticing the jarring age difference now that she is twenty and he is fifty, he forcefully arranges for her marriage taking the place of her father only for her to commit suicide soon after the marriage, leaving him all alone. The film ends with Raju committing suicide himself along with Sarasu by jumping off the sea.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Rajasekar / Raju / Raghavan
*[[Geetha Kumarasinghe]] as Gowri
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Radha
*[[Padmapriya]] as Bhama
*[[Anuradha (actress)|Anuradha]] as Sarasu
*Anandhi as Mary
*[[Major Sundarrajan]] as Moorthy
*[[Nagesh]] as Narasimmachari
*S. A. Kannan as Sarasu's father
*Gemini Maali as Gowri's father
*[[Chinni Prakash]] as Sarasu's husband
}}

== Production ==
The film was produced by photographer Sarathi. The film was launched at Golden Sea and the scenes were shot at a bungalow in Indira Nagar and [[Taj Coromandel]] at Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 1979 |title=சிவாஜி நடிக்கும் மோகன புன்னகை |url=https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_143/3.jp2/full/1000,1399/90/default.jpg |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250528022521/https://images.eap.bl.uk/EAP372/EAP372_6_23_3_143/3.jp2/full/1000,1399/90/default.jpg |archive-date=28 May 2025 |access-date=31 May 2025 |work=Anna |pages=3 |language=ta |via=[[Endangered Archives Programme]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was by [[M. S. Viswanathan]] and lyrics were by [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 1979 |title=Mohana Punnagai |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mohana-punnagai/U0WVTPmXd2Y_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928113759/https://www.jiosaavn.com/album/mohana-punnagai/U0WVTPmXd2Y_ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=[[JioSaavn]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohana Punnagai Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by M S Viswanathan |url=https://macsendisk.com/product/mohana-punnagai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001104159/https://macsendisk.com/product/mohana-punnagai-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-m-s-viswanathan/ |archive-date=1 October 2022 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=Macsendisk}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#cccccf; text-align:center;"
! Song !! Singers
|-
| "Thennilangai Mangai" || [[S. Janaki]]
|-
| "Kalyanamam Kacheriyam"|| [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
|-
| "Thalaivi Thalaivi"|| [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[Vani Jairam]]
|-
|"Kudikkavidu" ||T. M. Soundararajan
|}

== Critical reception ==
Nalini Sastry of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said she was doubtful this film was made by Sridhar and felt Ganesan's acting talent has been wasted again in this film. She however praised Viswanathan's music and Nagesh's comedy.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சாஸ்திரி |first=நளினி |date=16 February 1981 |title=மோகனப் புன்னகை |url=https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-02-16/page/n43/mode/2up |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230405110609/https://archive.org/details/kalki1981-02-16/page/n43/mode/2up |archive-date=5 April 2023 |access-date=5 April 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=42 |language=ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{C. V. Sridhar}}

[[Category:1981 Indian films]]
[[Category:1981 romance films]]
[[Category:1981 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1981 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan]]
[[Category:Films with screenplays by C. V. Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian romance films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romance films]]

Silent (film)

2026-03-03T03:37:24Z

LashayFmm33111: added data...

{{short description|Indian crime mystery thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name =
| image = Silent (film).jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ganesha Pandi
| writer = Ganesha Pandi
| producer = S Ram Prakash
| starring = {{plainlist|
*Ganesha Pandi
* Namitha Marimuthu
* Aaradhya
*T. Samaya Murali
*Murali Ramakrishnan
}}
| cinematography = Seyon Muthu Ganesh S
| editing = Sharan Shanmugam
| music = Samaya Murali T
| studio = SR Dream Studios
| distributor =
| released = {{film date|2024|11|29|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Silent''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[crime]] [[Mystery film|mystery]] [[thriller film]] written and directed by Ganesha Pandi. The film stars Ganesha Pandi and Samaya Murali, Aradhya , Murali Radhakrishnan .The film was produced by S Ram Prakash under the banner of SR Dream Studios.

== Cast ==

* Ganesha Pandi as Bhuvanesh / Bhuvaneshwari
* T. Samaya Murali
* Murali Ramakrishnan
* Namitha Marimuthu
* Aaradhya
* [[Ramachandran Durairaj]]

== Production ==

The film was produced by S Ram Prakash under the banner of SR Dream Studios. The cinematography was done by Seyon Muthu and Ganesh S while editing was handled by Sharan Shanmugam and music composed by Samaya Murali T.<ref>{{Cite web |title=இயக்குநர் சீனு ராமசாமி வெளியிட்ட 'சைலண்ட்' படத்தின் இசை மற்றும் முன்னோட்டம் |url=https://www.virakesari.lk/article/199878 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=Virakesari.lk |language=en}}</ref>

== Reception ==
''[[Thinaboomi]]'' critic stated that "The film would have been a success if a little more attention had been paid to the screenplay. Definitely watch it once and enjoy it."<ref>{{Cite web |title=சைலண்ட் திரை விமர்சனம் |url=https://www.thinaboomi.com/2024/12/02/239602.html |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=தின பூமி |language=ta}}</ref> ''[[Dinakaran]]'' critic gave mixed reviews.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Silen-reveiw-0-5x hosted at ImgBB |url=https://ibb.co/SKdt2xN |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203234233/https://ibb.co/SKdt2xN |archive-date=3 December 2024 |access-date=2024-12-03 |website=ImgBB |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt34757051}}

[[Category:2024 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

History of Ballari

2026-02-28T06:24:21Z

LashayFmm33111: Created a stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
'''[[Ballari]]''' pronounced ({{IPA|te|ˈbəɭɭaːri|}}) is a historic city in [[Bellary district]] in [[Karnataka]] state, [[India]].

==Historical names of the Ballari area==

*Kuntala Desha
:Ballari was once part of an area also known as ''Kuntala Desha (ಕುಂತಲ ದೇಶ)''<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation">{{cite web
| title = Sloth Bear Foundation
| url = http://www.slothbearfoundation.org/bellary.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011231334/http://www.slothbearfoundation.org/bellary.html
| archive-date = 11 October 2008
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = Legends behind the Indian states
| url = http://www.indianmirror.com/history/hist6.html
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol VI – Inscriptions of Kulottunga-Chola I
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_1/vijayanagara.html | access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> or ''Kuntala Vishaya (ಕುಂತಲ ವಿಷಯ)'' ([[Vishaya]] – a territorial division or district of a kingdom). Many inscriptions refer to the [[Western Chalukya]]s as rulers of ''Kuntala'' or ''Kondala''.<ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Addenda, II-Inscriptions at Vijyanagara
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_3/no_66_to_68_kulottunga_chola_i.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Tanjavur Brihadhiswara Temple Inscriptions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/tanjavur_temple/no.57_58_outside_east_enclosure.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>

[[File:Western Chalukya Monuments.svg|thumb|right|200px|Core area of [[Western Chalukya]] monuments, roughly corresponding to ''Sindavadi-1000 (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-1000)'']]
*Sindavadi
:An inscription during the [[Gangas]] of [[Talakadu]] speaks of a certain ''Sindha Vishaya (ಸಿಂಧ ವಿಷಯ)'', which consists parts or whole of today's Ballari, [[Haveri]], [[Gadag]], [[Dharwad|Dharawada]], [[Koppala]] and [[Bagalakote]] districts.<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation"/> Many inscriptions by [[Seuna|Yadavas]]<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Yadavas
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/yadavas.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> and Kalyani Chalukyas<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_105.html
| access-date = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> refer to this areas as ''Sindavadi (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ)'' or ''Sindavadi-nadu (ಸಿಂದವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' (''Sindavadi-1000'').

*Nolambavadi
: During the rule of Western Chalukyas, the area around Bellary was part of ''Nolambavadi (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ)'' (referred to as ''Nolambavadi-32000''), which included parts of the present [[Shimoga|Shivamogga]], [[Chitradurga]], [[Davanagere]], Ballari and [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] Districts.<ref name="south_inscriptions_geo_div">{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Geographical Divisions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/geographical_divisions.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref> Further, some inscriptions mention that ''Nolambavadi-nadu (ನೊಳಂಬವಾಡಿ-ನಾಡು)'' was a part of ''Kuntala desha''<ref name="south_inscriptions_yadava"/>

==Timeline==

* '''[[Neolithic Age]]'''<ref>
{{cite book
| last = Singh
| first = Upinder
| title =A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century
| publisher = Pearson Longman
|year=2008
| location = Delhi
| isbn = 9788131711200
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
| title =Encyclopedia of Prehistory: South and Southwest Asia, Volume 8
| publisher = Human Relations Area Files, inc
|year=2008
| isbn = 9780306462627
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=C-TQpUtI-dgC
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite book
| title =Neolithic Cattle-Keepers of South India
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
|year=1963
| location = London
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YSM9AAAAIAAJ
}}</ref><ref name="dh_neolithic">{{cite web
| title = Early village unearthed
| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/28818/early-village-unearthed.html
| access-date = 22 July 2010 }}</ref>
: Numerous [[Neolithic]] [[archeological]] sites have been discovered around Bellary, some of the closest to the city being the [[Neolithic ashmounds (India)|ash mounds]] at [[Kupgal petroglyphs|Sanganakallu, Budhihal, Kudithini, Tekkalakote, Hiregudda and Kupgal]] in Bellary District, [[Maski]] in [[Raichur district]] and Palvoy & Velpumudugu in [[Anantapur district|Ananthapuram district]]. These ash mounds were formed by the accumulation and burning of [[cow dung|dung]] in rituals performed by Neolithic [[pastoral]]ists.
:The Sanganakallu settlement, spread over an area of {{convert|1000|acre|km2}}, is one of the largest Neolithic complexes known around Bellary. Some of the Neolithic artefacts found here have been :
:* Houses of mud and stone, [[quern]]s, stone axes, incised and painted pottery.
:* Rock art as evidence of rituals and social ceremonies involving ringing rocks, still preserved in the form of hand-percussion marks.
:* Grinding grooves where stone axes were polished
:* Shallow concave surfaces on boulders where grain was processed
:* [[Dolerite]] [[Dike (geology)|dyke]]s [[Quarry|quarried]] to manufacture stone tools on an industrical scale.
* '''300 BCE – 1336 AD'''
:Bellary was ruled in succession by the [[Maurya]]s, [[Satavahana]]s, the [[Pallava]]s, the [[Kadamba Dynasty|Kadamba]]s, the [[Chalukya|Badami Chalukya]]s, the [[Rashtrakuta]]s, the [[Western Chalukyas|Kalyani Chalukya]]s, the [[Kalachuris of Kalyani|Southern Kalachurya]]s, the [[Seuna|Sevuna Yadava]]s, and the [[Hoysala]]s.
: The Bellary area was also ruled briefly by the [[Cholas]] during the wars between Kalyani Chalukyas and the Cholas (often involving [[Eastern Chalukya|Vengi Chalukyas]]), the region constantly changing hands under turmoil.
:A dynasty called ''Ballariya Naredu'' ruled Bellary under the Hoysalas.<ref name="sloth_bear_foundation"/>

* '''9th century AD''' and '''1000–1250 AD'''
:A branch of the [[Pallava]] family called the ''[[Nolamba]]-Pallavas'' ruled Nolambavadi-32000.<ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions in Kannada, Vol IX – Part – I, Nolamba Pallavas
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/nolamba_pallavas.html
| access-date = 16 December 2007 }}</ref> Later in the 11th century AD, they ruled parts of Nolambavadi under Western Chalukyas and Hoysalas.<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya"/><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Pallava Inscriptions
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_12/introduction.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>

* '''1100–1188 AD'''
:Feudatories of Kalyani Chalukyas, Kalachuryas and Hoysalas, calling themselves ''Pandyas'' (''Nolambavadi Pandyas''), ruled parts of Nolambavadi-32000. They were actively involved in the conflicts amongst their overlords.<ref name="south_inscriptions_kalyani_chalukya2" >{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Miscellaneous inscriptions, Vol IX – Part – I, Chalukyas of Kalyani
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_9/chalukyas_of_kalyani_181.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = South Indian Inscriptions, Vol III, Bombay Karnataka Inscriptions, Feudatory Dynasties
| url = http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/south_indian_inscriptions/volume_18/the_pandya_chiefs.html
| access-date = 10 October 2007 }}</ref>
* '''1336–1565 AD'''
:After the Sevuna Yadavas and the Hoysalas (and the [[Kakatiya]]s of [[Warangal]] & the [[Pandya]]s of [[Madurai]]) were defeated by the [[Delhi Sultanate|Islamic sultanate]]s from [[Delhi]] under [[Allauddin Khilji]], [[Malik Kafur]] and [[Muhammad bin Tughlaq]], the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] arose under [[Harihara I]] and [[Bukka I]]. The Bellary area was dominated by the Vijayanagara rulers until 1565 AD.<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1525
| last = Joppen
| first = Charles
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co
| location = London
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1525max.jpg
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>
:Bellary itself was ruled by the family of Hande Hanumappa [[Nayak (title)|Nayaka]], a [[Palayagara]] (ಪಾಳೆಯಗಾರ – vassal) of the Vijayanagara rulers.

* '''1565 AD'''
:The dominance of the Vijayanagara empire ended with the [[Battle of Talikota]], where they were defeated by a conglomerate of [[Deccan sultanates]]. After the fall of Vijayanagara, the Hande Nayakas of Bellary were subsidiary to the [[Adilshahi]] [[Sultanate]] of [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]].<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1605
| last = Joppen
| first = Charles
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co
| location = London
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppen1605max.jpg
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>

* '''1678 AD'''
:Bellary was subsidiary to the [[Marathas]] under [[Shivaji]].<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map – Early Marathas
| last = Joppen
| first = Charles
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co
| location = London
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmarathasmax.jpg
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> The story goes that as Shivaji was passing that way some of his foragers had been killed by the garrison, prompting him to occupy Bellary; but he restored it again to the Hande Nayakas at once on condition that tribute should be paid to him.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer">{{cite book
| title = The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 7
| publisher = Clarendon Press
| year = 1908
| location = Oxford
| page = 175
| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7
| archive-date = 22 November 2014
| access-date = 20 February 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141122115856/http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/toc.html?volume=7
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

* '''1685 AD'''
:Bellary fell to the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s campaign in the Deccan <ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: Dominions of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in 1704
| last = Joppen
| first = Charles
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co
| location = London
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/mughal/joppenset/joppenmysoremax.jpg
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref>).

* '''1724 AD'''
:[[Qamar ad-Din Chin Qilij Khan Asaf Jah I|Asaf Jah I]], who was the [[Subedar]] of [[Gujarat]] and [[Malwa]], defeated and killed the Delhi sponsored [[Mobariz Khan]], the Subedar of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], at the battle fought at [[Shakar Kheda]] in the district of [[Berar Subah|Berar]].
:Soon after, [[Asaf Jah I]] assumed independence from Mughal control to establish [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] as a separate state, beginning the [[Asaf Jahi]] dynasty. Asif Jah I assumed the title ''[[Nizam|Nizam-ul-mulk]]'', and Bellary was included in the Nizam's Dominion.<ref name="hyd_on_the_net_nizams">{{cite web
| title = Hyderabad on the Net: The Nizams
| url = http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/nizam.htm
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204205748/http://www.hyderabad.co.uk/nizam.htm
| archive-date = 4 February 2012
| url-status = dead
}}</ref><ref name="sheperd-map-1760" group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map, In the time of Clive, 1760, from The Public Schools Historical Atlas
| last = Colbeck
| first = C
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
|year=1905
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/india1760_1905.jpg
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>

* '''1761 AD'''
:Bellary became tributary to [[Basalat Jang]], the brother of the then Nizam [[Asaf ad-Dawlah Mir Ali Salabat Jang|Salabat Jang]] and the Subedar of [[Adoni|Aadavaani (Adoni)]] and [[Raichur]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1769 AD'''
:The Hande Nayaka of Bellary refused to pay tribute to Basalat Jang, which prompted him to occupy Bellary. The Nayaka then pleaded for [[Hyder Ali]] of [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysuru (Mysore)]] to rescue Bellary. Hyder Ali forcefully expelled the occupiers, after which the Hande Nayakas were tributary to him.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/><ref name="wilks">{{cite book
| last = Wilks
| first = Lt. Colonel Mark
| title = Historical Sketches of the South of India in an Attempt to Trace the History of Mysoor
| publisher = Mysore: Government Branch Press
|orig-year=1810|year=1930
}}
</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map 1700–1792, from The Historical Atlas R.
| last = Shepherd
| first = William R
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
|year=1923
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/shepherd1700s/india1700smax.jpg
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>
* '''1792 AD'''
:At the partition of [[Tipu Sultan]]'s territory by the British after the [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]], the district was given to the then Nizam [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asaf Jah II]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1800 AD'''
:After the defeat and death of Tipu Sultan in the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] at [[Battle of Seringapatam|Srirangapattanam (Seringapatam)]], the Mysore territories were further divided up between the [[Wodeyar]]s, [[Asaf Jah II]] and the British.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:In 1796 AD, Asaf Jah II, harassed by the Marathas and Tipu Sultan, had opted to get British military protection under [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Lord Wellesley's]] doctrine of [[Subsidiary alliance|Subsidiary Alliance]]. As part of this agreement, Asif Jah II ceded a large portion of the acquired territory including Bellary, to the British, with the consent of the Hande Nayakas to be added to the [[Madras Presidency]] as 'Bellary District'. This area was also known as the [[Ceded Districts]],<ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = Historical Atlas of India: India Map in 1805
| last = Joppen
| first = Charles
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co
| location = London
| year = 1907
| url = http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/colonial/joppenearly1800s/joppen1805max.jpg
| access-date = 20 November 2007 }}</ref> a term still used for the areas, and was considerably larger than the present [[Bellary district|district]], including the present districts of [[Cuddapah District|Kadapa (Cuddapah)]], [[Anantapur district|Anantapuram]] and much of [[Kurnool district|Karnoolu (Kurnool)]].<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1800–1807 AD'''
:All through these political changes since Vijayanagar times, the Hande Nayakas were the de facto rulers of Bellary – while their masters constantly changed, locally their powers were absolute. All this changed with the arrival of [[Major (rank)|Major]] [[Thomas Munro, 1st Baronet|Thomas Munro]], the first collector of the Ceded Districts (1800–1807), who [[Polygar War|disposed of]] the eighty palayagars ([[Polygars]]) of the districts either with pensions or assimilation of their estates and established the ''[[Ryotwari]]'' system – land revenue collected directly from the tiller of the soil.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

*'''1808 AD'''
:The ceded districts area was split into two districts, Bellary and Kadapa.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/> The Bellary area was still larger than Kadapa and the second largest district in [[Madras Presidency]], measuring 13000 square miles (nearly twice the size of [[Wales]]), and a population of 1,250,000 (one and half times that of Wales).<ref>{{cite book
| last = Norton
| first = John Bruce
| title = A Letter to Robert Lowe, Joint Secretary of the Board of Controul, on The Conditions and Requirements of the Presidency of Madras
| publisher = Richardson Brothers
| location = 23, Cornhill, London
| year=1854
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=JLEvA9Jkh1wC&dq=bellary&pg=PA60
| access-date = 2007-06-14
| page =60}}
</ref>

*'''1840 AD'''
:Bellary became the headquarters of the district. The Collector until this year lived in Anantapuram.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1867 AD'''
:The Bellary Municipal Council was created, along with the [[Adoni]] Municipal Council.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/> These were the only two municipal townships in the whole of Bellary district for a long time.

* '''1882 AD'''
:Seven of the southern talukas were carved out to form Anantapuram district, further reducing the size of Bellary District.
:The Maratha [[princely state]] of [[Sandur, India|Sandur]] was surrounded by Bellary district.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/><ref group="map">{{cite web
| title = India Map 1893
| publisher = Longmans, Green, and Co.
| year =1893
| url = http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~poyntz/India/images/Madras&Mysore1.JPG
| access-date = 2007-06-15}}</ref><ref group="map">{{cite web
| last = Bartholomew
| first = J G
| title = Map: Madras (Southern section) with Mysore, Coorg, and Travancore
| publisher = Clarendon Press
| date = 1908
| location = Oxford
| pages = 250
| url = https://dsal.uchicago.edu/maps/gazetteer/images/gazetteer_V18_pg250.jpg
| access-date = 15 June 2007 }}</ref>

* '''1894 AD'''
:A steam cotton-spinning mill was established.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1901 AD'''
:Bellary was the seventh largest town in [[Madras Presidency]], and was one of the chief military stations in Southern India, garrisoned by British and native Indian troops under the British Indian Government. A company of the Southern Mahratta Railway Volunteer Rifles was also stationed in the town.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
:The town included a civil railway station to the east of the Bellary Fort, the cantonment and its railway station on the west, the Cowl Bazar and the suburbs of 'Bruce-pettah' (currently spelt Brucepet) and 'Mellor-pettah', named after two British officers once stationed in the town.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
: The town was also headquarters for the Roman Catholic Mission and the London Mission.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>
: The industries in the town included a small distillery and two steam cotton-presses. The steam cotton-spinning mill established in 1894 had 17,800 spindles, and employed 520 hands.<ref name="imperial-gazetteer"/>

* '''1 October 1953 AD'''<ref name="bellary_district_profile">{{cite web
|title = Bellary District – A Profile
|url = http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
|url-status = dead
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090503190141/http://www.kar.nic.in/bellary/profile.htm
|archive-date = 2009-05-03
}}</ref>[[File:India Administrative Divisions 1951.svg|thumb|right|200px|A 1951 map showing Bellary district in [[Madras State]]]]

:Bellary district of [[Madras State]] was divided on linguistic basis.
:Areas with significant [[Kannada language|Kannada]] speaking populations ([[Harapanahalli]], [[Hoovina Hadagalli|Hadagali]], [[Kudligi]], [[Hosapete]], [[Sanduru]] and [[Siruguppa]]) were transferred to [[Mysore state]], which would later become [[Karnataka]] state.
:Areas of the district with significant [[Telugu Language|Telugu]] speaking populations ([[Yemmiganur]]u, [[Adoni|Aadavaani]], [[Alur, Kurnool|Aaluru]], [[Rayadurg|Raayadurgam]], [[D.Hirehal|D.Hirehaalu]], [[Kanekal]]lu, [[Bommanahal|Bommanahaalu]], [[Gummagatta]]) were merged into Anantapuram and Karnulu districts in what would later become [[Andhra Pradesh]] state.
:Bellary city had a majority of Telugu speaking population with highest minority of Kannada speakers, But it was included into Mysore state after a protracted debate and controversy.<ref>{{cite news|title=When the borders were redrawn |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=2003-09-26 |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |access-date=2007-06-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050413162821/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/sep26/spt1.asp |archive-date=13 April 2005 }}
</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = History Of Anantapur
| publisher = anantapurinfo.com
| url = http://www.anantapurinfo.com/history.aspx
| access-date = 2 January 2008
| archive-date = 28 February 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080228162114/http://www.anantapurinfo.com/history.aspx
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>

* '''1997 AD'''
:With the re-organisation of the districts in Karnataka, [[Harapanahalli]] [[taluk]] was transferred to [[Davanagere]] district, reducing the number of talukas in the district to seven.<ref name="bellary_district_profile"/>

* '''2004 AD'''
: Bellary City Municipal Council was upgraded to a City Corporation.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Bellary City Municipal Council upgraded to corporation
|date=2004-09-29
| url =http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/29/stories/2004092904670300.htm
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20041125154346/http://www.hindu.com/2004/09/29/stories/2004092904670300.htm
| url-status =dead
| archive-date =2004-11-25
| work = [[The Hindu]]
| location=Chennai, India}}
</ref>
* '''2018 AD'''
:[[Harapanahalli]] [[taluk]] was again transferred back to Bellary District
* '''2021 AD'''
:[[Vijayanagar District]] was separated from Bellary District in 2021 at present [[Bellary District]] consists of only five taluks [[Kampli]], [[Sandur, India|Sandur]], [[Siruguppa]], [[Kurugodu]] and [[Bellary]].
* '''2023 AD'''
:As of September 2023 some of the [[Telugu people|Telugu]] people of Bellary City who are proper residents of the city have raised an issue that Bellary City should be a [[Union Territory]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] should also be the official language and have the equal status with [[Kannada]] in the City of Bellary, because they were verbally discriminated by some of the kannada people with regard to their language stating that their mother tongue is Telugu and it is the official language of [[Andhra Pradesh]] and they should not speak in Telugu in Bellary and speak only in [[Kannada]] or else they should go out of [[Bellary]] to [[Andhra Pradesh]], from the time when Veteran Telugu actor and politician [[N.T. Rama Rao]]'s statue was built at Kamma Bhavan of Bellary and was inaugurated by [[Telugu Desam]] leader [[Nara Chandrababu Naidu]]. But the issue raised by [[Telugus]] have not gained any popularity.

==References==
===Maps===
{{Reflist|group="map"|35em}}

===General===
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110315103432/http://www.bellarycity.gov.in/ Official Website of Bellary City Corporation]

[[Category:Ballari]]
[[Category:History of Karnataka by city|Ballari]]
[[Category:Histories of cities in India]]

Zydus Lifesciences

2026-02-18T09:04:21Z

LashayFmm33111: added a post...

{{Short description|Indian multinational pharmaceutical company}}
{{distinguish|Cadila Pharmaceuticals}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Zydus Lifesciences Limited
| image = Zydus Lifesciences.svg
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{BSE|532321}}|{{NSE|ZYDUSLIFE}}}}
| founder = [[Ramanbhai Patel]]
| key_people = [[Pankaj Patel|Pankaj R. Patel]] {{small|(Chairman)}} Sharvil P. Patel {{small|(Managing Director)}}
| industry = [[Pharmaceutical industry|Pharmaceuticals]]
| products = {{hlist|[[Pharmaceutical]]s |[[generic drug]]s |[[over-the-counter drug]]s |[[vaccine]]s |[[Medical diagnosis|diagnostics]] |[[contact lens]]es |[[Veterinary medicine|animal health]] }}
| revenue = {{up}} {{INRConvert|23241|c}} (2025)
| operating_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|7058|c}} (2025)
| net_income = {{up}} {{INRConvert|4745|c}} (2025)
| num_employees = 25,000+ (2023)
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1952|p=y}}
| location = [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], India
| subsid = [[Zydus Wellness]] (57.59%)<ref>{{cite news |title=Cadila Healthcare Limited |url=https://www.crisil.com/mnt/winshare/Ratings/RatingList/RatingDocs/CadilaHealthcareLimited_November%2030,%202021_RR_281821.html |access-date=31 January 2023 |work=CRISIL}}</ref>
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.zyduslife.com/}}
| footnotes = Financials {{as of|2025|03|31|lc=y|df=yes}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=Earnings Presentation: Q4 & Full Year FY25 |url=https://zyduslife.com/investor/admin/uploads/15/85/May-2025.pdf |publisher=Zydus Lifesciences Limited |access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref>
}}

'''Zydus Lifesciences Limited''', formerly known as '''Cadila Healthcare Limited''',<ref>{{cite news |last1=Umarji |first1=Vinay |title=Cadila Healthcare changes name to Zydus Lifesciences Limited |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/cadila-healthcare-changes-name-to-zydus-lifesciences-limited-122022401005_1.html |access-date=17 March 2022 |work=Business Standard India |date=24 February 2022}}</ref> is an Indian multinational [[pharmaceutical]] company headquartered in [[Ahmedabad]]. Primarily engaged in the manufacturing of [[generic drugs]],<ref name="The Hindu Business Line">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/announcements/others/zydus-launches-sovihep-the-breakthrough-therapy-for-hepatitis-c-in-alliance-with-gilead-sciences/article7003039.ece|title=Zydus launches SoviHep - the breakthrough therapy for Hepatitis C in alliance with Gilead Sciences|date=2015-03-17|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2017-12-29|language=en}}</ref><ref name="mapsofindia">{{cite web|date=21 June 2011|title=A Complete Overview on Cadila Healthcare, a growing and popular company in India.|url=http://business.mapsofindia.com/sectors/manufacturing/cadila-healthcare.html|access-date=2009-02-04|website=business.mapsofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cadila Healthcare Profit and Loss Reports – The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/cadila-healthcare-ltd/profitandlose/companyid-3778.cms|access-date=2020-06-15|website=economictimes.indiatimes.com}}</ref> the company ranked 100th in the [[Fortune India 500|''Fortune'' India 500]] list in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cadila Healthcare – Fortune 500 List 2020 – Fortune India|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/fortune-500/company-list/cadila-healthcare?year=2020|access-date=2021-01-12|website=fortuneindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
Cadila was founded in 1952 by [[Ramanbhai Patel]] (1925–2001), formerly a lecturer in the L.M. College of Pharmacy, and his business partner [[Indravadan Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India's Richest 2019: Cadila's Patels' Quest For The Magic Pill |url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/india-rich-list-2019/india039s-richest-2019-cadila039s-patels039-quest-for-the-magic-pill/56171/1 |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=Forbes India |language=en}}</ref>

In 1995, the Patel and Modi families split; the Modi family's share was moved into a new company called [[Cadila Pharmaceuticals]], and Cadila Healthcare became the Patel family's holding company. Cadila Healthcare had its [[initial public offering]] in February 2000 and listed on the [[Bombay Stock Exchange|BSE]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cadila shares close IPO price after 3 years |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/cadila-shares-close-ipo-price-after-3-years/articleshow/101727.cms |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=29 July 2003}}</ref>

In 2003, the company [[Mergers and acquisitions|merged]] another Indian pharmaceutical company called German Remedies into itself.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Remedies to be merged with Cadilla |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/german-remedies-to-be-merged-with-cadilla/articleshow/122464.cms |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=The Times of India |date=9 August 2003}}</ref> On 25 June 2007, the company acquired Química e Farmacêutica Nikkho do Brasil Ltda (Nikkho) as part of Zydus Healthcare Brasil Ltda.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=35196980 Company Overview of Química e Farmacêutica Nikkho do Brasil Ltda] ''Bloomberg''</ref>

In 2014, Cadila Healthcare launched the world's first ''[[adalimumab biosimilar]]'' under the brand name Exemptia at one-fifth the originator's price.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150328064218/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-12-09/news/56879703_1_rheumatoid-arthritis-first-biosimilar-humira Zydus Cadila launches biosimilar of AbbVie's Humira in India] ''The Economic Times'' 9 December 2014</ref>
Zydus Cadila Healthcare has also launched its first research based drug molecule [[Saroglitazar]] in the treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia under brand name "Lipaglyn". SoviHep is the first [[sofosbuvir]] brand launched in India by Zydus in the year 2015.<ref name="The Hindu Business Line"/>

In 2019, injectable [[ketorolac]] tromethamine manufactured by Zydus (Cadila Healthcare) was recalled due to microbial growth.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sagent Pharmaceuticals Issues Voluntary Nationwide Recall of Ketorolac Tromethamine Injection, USP, 60mg/2mL (30mg per mL) Due to Lack of Sterility Assurance |url=https://www.fda.gov/safety/recalls-market-withdrawals-safety-alerts/sagent-pharmaceuticals-issues-voluntary-nationwide-recall-ketorolac-tromethamine-injection-usp |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=FDA |date=29 September 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, Zydus Cadila's drug Desidustat received approval by the [[Food and Drug Administration|USFDA]] to initiate clinical trials on [[cancer]] patients.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/zydus-cadila-gets-usfda-nod-for-drug-trials-to-treat-chemotherapy-induced-anemia/articleshow/77121315.cms Zydus Cadila Desidustat Gets USFDA Nod To Initiate Clinical Trials On Cancer Patients] ''The Times Of India'' 23 July 2020</ref>

In 2022, Cadila Healthcare Ltd was renamed as Zydus Lifesciences Ltd.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cadila Healthcare changes name to Zydus Lifesciences Limited |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/cadila-healthcare-changes-name-to-zydus-lifesciences-limited-122022401005_1.html |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=Business Standard}}</ref>

In October 2024, USFDA Approval for Prostate Cancer Drug: Zydus Lifesciences received USFDA approval to manufacture [[enzalutamide]] tablets, which are used for treating [[prostate cancer]]. This drug, an androgen receptor inhibitor, is designed for patients with castration-resistant and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. The product will be manufactured at Zydus' facility in Ahmedabad. This approval is part of the company's broader efforts to expand its portfolio of cancer treatments in the U.S. market.

In 2025, Zydus acquired the CDMO business of [[Agenus]] including their two biologics manufacturing sites in Emeryville and Berkeley. In addition, they would partner with Agenus to commercialize their molecules in India.<ref>{{cite news |title=Agenus signs agreements for botensilimab and balstilimab |url=https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/agenus-agreements-botensilimab-balstilimab/?cf-view |work=Pharmaceutical Technology |date=4 June 2025}}</ref>

=== Acquisition history ===
The following is an illustration of the company's major mergers and acquisitions and historical predecessors (this is not a comprehensive list):

{{Tree list}}
* '''Zydus Lifescience'''
** Cadila Healthcare {{small|(Split from Cadila 1995)}}
** German Remedies {{small|(Acq 2003)}}
** Química e Farmacêutica Nikkho do Brasil Ltda (Nikkho) {{small|(Acq 2007)}}
** [[Agenus]] {{small|(Acq 2025)}}
{{tree list/end}}

== Products ==
From twenty-five pharmaceutical production operations in India and Zydus Cadila develops and manufactures an extensive range of pharmaceuticals as well as diagnostics, [[Herbal medicine|herbal]] products, skincare products and other OTC products. Starting from late 2015, having concluded a voluntary license agreement with [[Gilead Sciences|Gilead]], the company also produces the generics for [[hepatitis C]] treatment (i.e. [[sofosbuvir]], distributed under the brand name SoviHep).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hep-c-news.com/hepatitis-c-treatment-in-india-for-less-than-1000/|title=Hepatitis C treatment in India for less than $1000|date=11 July 2016|website=hep-c-news.com|publisher=Hep C News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916124038/http://hep-c-news.com/blog/2016/07/11/hepatitis-c-treatment-in-india-for-less-than-1000/|archive-date=16 September 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The company makes [[active pharmaceutical ingredient]]s at three sites in India, [[Ankleshwar]] plants, [[Vadodara]] plant, and [[Patalganga]] plant.

==COVID-19 vaccine development==
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi visits the Zydus Biotech Park, in Ahmedabad, Gujarat on November 28, 2020 (7).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] during his visit to the Zydus Biotech Park in Ahmedabad in 2020.]]
In July 2020, the company got permission to conduct human trials of the developmental [[COVID-19 vaccine]] named [[ZyCoV-D]], from the [[Drugs Controller General of India]] (DCGI), [[Government of India]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Potential COVID-19 vaccine by Zydus Cadila gets DCGI nod for human clinical trials |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/potential-covid-19-vaccine-by-zydus-cadila-gets-dcgi-nod-for-human-clinical-trials/article31977556.ece |work=The Hindu |date=3 July 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Cadila begins human clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccine candidate - ET HealthWorld |url=https://health.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/pharma/zydus-cadila-begins-human-clinical-trials-of-covid-19-vaccine-candidate/76975377 |work=ETHealthworld.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Zydus Cadila's COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Found Safe in Early-Stage Human Trial |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/08/05/world/asia/05reuters-health-coronavirus-zydus-vaccine.html |work=The New York Times |date=5 August 2020}}</ref> On 20 August 2021, DCGI granted emergency use approval of ZyCoV-D.<ref>{{cite news |title=India gives emergency approval for world's first COVID-19 DNA vaccine |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/india-approves-zydus-cadilas-covid-19-vaccine-emergency-use-2021-08-20/ |work=Reuters |date=20 August 2021 }}</ref>

Cadila is also among the several Indian pharma companies that received the licensing agreements from the [[Gilead Sciences]] to produce ''[[remdesivir]]''.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Umarji |first1=Vinay |title=Gilead finds fourth partner for manufacture of Remdesivir in Zydus Cadila |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/gilead-finds-fourth-partner-for-manufacture-of-remdesivir-in-zydus-cadila-120061201687_1.html |work=Business Standard India |date=12 June 2020}}</ref>

== Corporate control ==
Zydus Cadila's major shareholder remains the Patel family. [[Pankaj Patel]] (born 1953), son of the founder, is the chairman of the company. In 2004, Pankaj Patel was included in ''[[Forbes|Forbes'<nowiki/>]]'' annual list of India's richest people. As of 2020, ''Forbes'' estimates Patel's net worth at US$3.9 billion, making him India's 46th richest person.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pankaj Patel|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/pankaj-patel/|access-date=2020-06-15|website=Forbes}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
A ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'' investigative report in 2021 claimed that Zydus Lifesciences supplied possibly bacteria-contaminated batches of [[remdesivir]] to hospitals in [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Maharashtra]], [[Gujarat]] and [[Bihar]], allegedly making hundreds of already sick COVID-19 patients even sicker.{{medical citation needed|date=May 2024}} Zydus was manufacturing the remdesivir in their Gujarat factory under license from United States' [[Gilead Sciences]]. In May 2021, when state procurement agency Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation sought an explanation, Zydus stated that they had not seen similar adverse reactions to their remdesivir elsewhere and denied all contamination allegations.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=The dangerous failure to stop tainted remdesivir |url=https://www.livemint.com/science/health/the-dangerous-failure-to-stop-tainted-remdesivir-11640197634967.html |access-date=2023-08-01 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|dat=May 2024|date=May 2024}}

In December 2016, Zydus Discovery DMCC, a research subsidiary Zydus Lifesciences, was cited by the [[Food and Drug Administration | US FDA]] for deliberately misbranding their flagship product, [[Saroglitazar]]—the drug used to treat diabetic dyslipidemia in India. In a 21 December 2016 letter to the company, the US FDA asked it to stop using broad statements, such as the "world's first" and to stop suggesting that the drug is approved throughout the world, including in the United States, when that is not true.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dandekar |first=Vikas |date=2016-12-28 |title=Cadila Healthcare misbranded Saroglitazar, says US FDA |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/pharmaceuticals/cadila-healthcare-misbranded-saroglitazar-says-us-fda/articleshow/56214730.cms |access-date=2023-08-01 |issn=0013-0389}}
</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Pharmaceutical industry in India]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://www.zyduslife.com/}}

{{Nifty 200 companies}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pharmaceutical industry in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies based in Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Health care companies of India]]
[[Category:Pharmaceutical companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:1952 establishments in Bombay State]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1952]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:COVID-19 vaccine producers]]
[[Category:Multinational companies headquartered in India]]

Ravishankar Raval

2026-02-17T21:28:16Z

LashayFmm33111: minor edit

{{Short description|Indian painter and art critic (1892–1977)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox person
|image=RavishankarRaval 1966.jpg
|name=Ravishankar Raval
|birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1892|8|1}}
|death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1977|12|9|1892|8|1}}
|caption= Kalaguru Ravishankar Raval
|birth_place=[[Bhavnagar]], [[Bombay Presidency]], [[British India]]
|death_place=[[Ahmedabad]], Gujarat, India
|occupation= painter, art critic, journalist, essayist
|alma mater= [[Sir J. J. School of Art]]
|awards= * [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1930)
* [[Padma Shri]] (1965)
|spouse = {{marriage|Ramaben|1909}}
|children= Narendra, Gajendra, Kanak
}}
'''Ravishankar Raval''' (1892–1977) was a painter, art teacher, art critic, journalist and essayist from [[Gujarat]], India. He worked for the magazine ''Vismi Sadi'' until it closed in 1921, and then founded the cultural magazine ''[[Kumar magazine|Kumar]]''.

==Life==
Ravishankar Raval was born in a [[brahmin]] family<ref>{{Cite web|last=Desai|first=Nachiketa|date=2018-09-30|title=Chhaganlal Jadhav, Dalit artist who sketched history of Gandhi's times|url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/dalit-artist-who-captured-history-in-his-sketchbook|access-date=2022-01-15|website=National Herald|language=en}}</ref> on 1 August 1892 in [[Bhavnagar]] (now in [[Gujarat]], India). His father Mahashanakar Raval was an officer in the British Communication Service. He spent his childhood in several towns as his father was transferred from one place to another. He wrote that he inherited his artistic instincts from his mother. He graduated from high school in 1909. During his first university year, at the local Arts College, his principal asked him to paint the stage sets for the college drama festival. He advised him to join arts by his [[Parsi]] professor Sanjana who was pleased with his artistic skills. Against his fathers non-approval, he joined [[Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Bombay]]. He was trained under Cecil Burns, the principal of J. J. School.<ref name=TMT/>

Though a promising student of the [[academic naturalism]] taught at the J. J. School and a budding portrait painter, Raval gave up these influences to embrace the revival of Indian art that was then gaining ground. In the spirit of cultural nationalism, he held on to these ideas, despite harsh criticism, such as when the Rajput-art-style painting 'Bilwamangal' for which he won the [[Bombay Art Society]] gold medal was dismissed by a Parsi artist as 'a printed label on mill cloth'<ref name=TMT>{{cite book|last=Mitter|first=Partha|title=The triumph of modernism: India's artists and the avant-garde, 1922–1947|year=2007|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781861893185|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=krdWkzVLSbkC&q=ravi+shankar+raval+partha+mitter}}</ref> He received Mayo Gold Medal at [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] in 1916.

==Career==
[[File:Visami Sadi 1916 Magazine cover.jpg|thumb|Cover of 1916 issue of ''Visami Sadi''. Cover Art by [[M. V. Dhurandhar]].]]
In 1915, Raval met a prominent journalist [[Hajji Mohammad Alarakhiya]], who was looking for a young artist-illustrator for his new cultural magazine ''Visami Sadi'' (The Twentieth Century), and joined him. He moved to [[Ahmedabad]] and started an art school in 1919.<ref name=TMT/><ref name="David2016">{{cite book|author=Esther David|title=Ahmedabad: City with a Past|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lrOSCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|date=10 February 2016|publisher=HarperCollins Publishers India|isbn=978-93-5029-798-8|pages=56–57}}</ref> He worked for ''Visami Sadi'' until its closing with the accidental death of Haji Mohammad in 1921. From ''Visami Sadi'', he was inspired to start new cultural magazine ''[[Kumar (magazine)|Kumar]]'' at Ahmedabad in 1924, which is still published. The magazine is said to have made a great impact on Gujarati arts, and was known for its illustrations and experiments in typography.<ref>{{cite book|last=Das|first=Sisir Kumar|title=History of Indian Literature: .1911–1956, struggle for freedom : triumph and tragedy|year=2005|publisher=Sahitya AKademi|isbn=9788172017989|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sqBjpV9OzcsC&q=ravishankar+raval&pg=PA588}}</ref><ref name="Desai2007">{{cite book|author=Anjali H. Desai|title=India Guide Gujarat|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gZRLGZNZEoEC&pg=PA47|year=2007|publisher=India Guide Publications|isbn=978-0-9789517-0-2|page=47}}</ref> He had drawn the famous painting of the trial of [[Mahatma Gandhi]]'s trial on charge of sedition on 18 March 1922 in the Circuit House of Ahmedabad where no cameras were allowed.<ref name="David2016"/><ref name="Pandiri1995">{{cite book|author=Ananda M. Pandiri|title=A Comprehensive, Annotated Bibliography on Mahatma Gandhi: Biographies, works by Gandhi, and bibliographical sources|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5iDg8uhjMGMC&pg=PA130|year=1995|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-25337-9|page=130}}</ref> In 1927, he conducted a month-long art study of the 1st century [[frescos]] of the [[Ajanta Caves]]. In 1936, he went on three months art tour to Japan. He had participated in annual conference of Indian National Congress in Haripura in 1938 where he painted paintings.<ref name="Gandhi">{{cite book|author=Rajmohan Gandhi|title=PRINCE OF GUJARAT: THE EXTRAORDINARY STORY OF PRINCE GOPALDAS DESAI: 1887-1951|date=8 October 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OIa7BwAAQBAJ&pg=PT162|publisher=Aleph Book Company|isbn=978-93-83064-81-6|page=162}}</ref> He visited [[Rabindranath Tagore]]'s university, [[Santiniketan]] in 1941. He was appointed as the President of Art Society of India and the President of Bombay Art Society in 1941. In 1948, he joined Russian artist [[Nicholas Roerich]] at his Kulu art center as the house guest. He participated in All India Art Conference at [[Calcutta]] in 1951. He went on art tour to Soviet Russia in 1952.

Other noteworthy work includes the remarkable artwork in ''Chandapoli'', a Gujarati children's magazine and ''Kailash ma Ratri'' (A night at Mt.Kailash). Raval illustrated ''Bawlana Parakramo'' (1939), a Gujarati adaptation of the [[Pinocchio]] story by [[Hansa Jivraj Mehta|Hansa Mehta]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Vachharajani|first=Anita|title=Pinocchio in Ahmedabad|url=http://aniamit.blogspot.in/2005/11/pinocchio-in-ahmedabad.html|date=30 November 2005}}</ref> He also drew many paintings of historical figures such as [[Narsinh Mehta]], [[Mirabai]], [[Hemchandracharya]], Chandra Kaumudi, [[Akho]] which became cultural image of the characters.<ref name="Shukla-Bhatt2015">{{cite book|author=Neelima Shukla-Bhatt|title=Narasinha Mehta of Gujarat: A Legacy of Bhakti in Songs and Stories|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMkVDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-997641-6|pages=96–97}}</ref> He is also well known for painting the characters of [[Kanaiyalal Munshi]]'s novels.<ref name="David2016"/>

He had designed quasi-realistic sets of ''[[Narsinh Mehta (1932 film)|Narsinh Mehta]]'', the first Gujarati talkie film.<ref name="RajadhyakshaWillemen2014">{{cite book|last1=Rajadhyaksha|last2=Willemen|title=Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rF8ABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1994-IA275|date=10 July 2014|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-135-94325-7|page=1994}}</ref>

His autobiography ''Gujarat Ma Kala Na Pagran'' (Ushering of Art in Gujarat) was republished in 1998.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Renaissance of Art in Gujarat|first=Ratan|last=Parimoo|journal=Nirukta Journal of Art History and Aesthetics|year=2004|pages=95–109|url=https://criticalcollective.in/CC_ArchiveInner2.aspx?Aid=545&Eid=1734 |access-date=2023-06-09 |via=criticalcollective.in}}</ref> It was reissued in 2010 with some of his works in it.

He died on 9 December 1977 at his home "Chitrakoot" in [[Ahmedabad]] after brief illness.

==Style==
He evolved his own rich style, inspired by the Indian classical painting traditions.<ref name=TMT/> He was influenced by [[Raja Ravi Verma]]'s religious oleographs. He was influenced by Tagore's informal open studios which influenced his Gujarat Chitra Kala Sangh.<ref name="David2016"/>

He was given the title of ''Kalaguru'',<ref name="David2016"/> the master of art, by Gujarati author [[Kakasaheb Kalelkar]] for his contribution in art in Gujarat. His art school produced several notable artists of India such as [[Kanu Desai]].

==Recognition==
[[File:Bust of Ravishankar Raval in Ahmedabad.jpg|thumb|Bust of Ravishankar Raval at Ravishankar Raval Kala Bhavan, [[Ahmedabad]]]]
During his career, Raval received several awards and medals. He received Mayo Gold Medal at Sir J. J. School of Art in 1916. He was awarded Gold medal from the [[Bombay Art Society]] in 1917. He won second prize in art-in-industry Expo at [[Calcutta]] in 1923. He received [[Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]] (1930), the highest literary award in Gujarati literature for his art essays. He received Kalidas Prize in 1925. He received Nehru Award for his book on Russia in 1965. Later he was awarded [[Padma Shri]], the fourth highest civilian award of India, in 1965.
He was accepted as the Fellow of the [[Lalit Kala Akademi]] in 1970.

==Personal life==
He married Ramaben in 1909. They had three sons; Narendra, Gajendra and Kanak. Kanak completed an M.S. in Pharmacy from the University of Michigan in 1953, and a PhD in Pharmacy from the University of Iowa in 1956. He permanently emigrated to the U.S. in the 1960s and dedicated his later life to translating his father's biography from Gujarati to English. He passed in 2022.

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|title=Munshi's World Of Imagination: With 35 art plates in full colours|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nas7AAAAMAAJ|year=1962|publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Ravishankar Raval}}
* [http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ Art World of Ravishankar Raval] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001211820/http://www.ravishankarmraval.org/ |date=1 October 2007 }}
* {{cite web | last=Kothari | first=Urvish | title=ગુજરાતને કળાના 'રવાડે' ચઢાવનાર કળાગુરૂ રવિશંકર રાવળ | website=Gujarati World | date=1 March 2004 | url=http://urvishkothari-gujarati.blogspot.com/2015/10/blog-post_6.html | language=gu | access-date=17 October 2016}}
* [http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=au%3ARa%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+Ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%2C&dblist=638&fq=ap%3A%22ra%CC%84val%CC%A3a%2C+ravis%CC%81an%CC%87kara%22&qt=facet_ap%3A Bibliography at WorldCat]
{{Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi}}
{{Padma Shri Award Recipients in Art}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Raval, Ravishankar}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Indian illustrators]]
[[Category:Indian children's book illustrators]]
[[Category:1892 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:People from Bhavnagar]]
[[Category:Indian male essayists]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian essayists]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]
[[Category:Writers from Ahmedabad]]
[[Category:Gujarati-language Indian writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ranjitram Suvarna Chandrak]]
[[Category:Painters from Gujarat]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Pradip Basu

2026-02-16T15:10:36Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Short description|Indian scholar of political science (born 1957)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox academic
|name = Pradip Basu
|birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1957}}
|birth_place = [[Kolkata]], [[India]]
|occupation=
|thesis_title = Inner-party ideological struggles (1953-1967) leading to Naxalite Movement
|thesis_year = 1996
|doctoral_advisor = [[Prof. Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Prof. Partha Chatterjee]]
|discipline = [[Political Science]]
|sub_discipline= [[Naxalism]], [[post- structuralism]], [[postcolonialism]], [[feminism]], [[Ambedkarism]] and resistance theories of [[Adivasis]], [[Minorities]] and [[environmentalists]].
}}

'''Pradip Basu''' ({{Langx|bn|প্রদীপ বসু}}; born 1957, [[Kolkata|Kolkata, India]]) is an Indian Bangali (Bengali)[[political scientist]]. He retired as the Academic Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, former Head and Professor of political science at the [[Presidency University, Kolkata]].<ref name="PresFac">{{Cite web|url=http://presiuniv.ac.in/web/staff.php?staffid=83|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922172953/http://www.presiuniv.ac.in/web/staff.php?staffid=83|url-status=dead|archive-date=22 September 2015|title=Pradip Basu Faculty Profile|website=Presidency University, Kolkata|language=en|access-date=2018-02-07}}</ref>

==Career==
He was a Research Scholar at the [[Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta]] (CSSSC) from 1984 to 1985, and then a Doctoral Teacher Fellow of the [[Indian Council of Social Science Research]] (ICSSR) from 1988 to 1991. He earned his Ph.D. under the supervision of Professor [[Partha Chatterjee (scholar)|Partha Chatterjee]] on inner-party ideological struggles leading to [[Naxalite|Naxalism]]. He taught at the [[University of Kalyani]], before moving on to teach at the [[Scottish Church College]] (affiliated to Calcutta University), later as a Guest Faculty in the Post Graduate Deptt. of Political Science at the [[University of Calcutta]]. From 2010 to 2012, he was a Guest Faculty in the Post Graduate Deptt. of Philosophy at the University of Calcutta. He is the founder and former chief editor of the ''Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences'', which is an annually published refereed journal published by the Scottish Church College. Its advisory board includes [[Amartya Sen]], [[Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak]], Partha Chatterjee, [[Dipesh Chakrabarty|Dipesh Chakraborty]], [[Ashis Nandy]], Sobhanlal Datta Gupta, and others.<ref name="JHSSScottish">{{Cite web|url=http://www.scottishchurch.ac.in/jhss.html|title=Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences|website=Scottish Church College|access-date=2018-02-07}}</ref><ref name="Youtube">{{Citation|last=jeanstevens194|title=Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (SCC)|date=2008-06-25|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oa8Onwpu82A|accessdate=2018-02-07}}</ref> He was the founder-convener of ''Samaj-o-Chinta'', an academic seminar society in Kolkata which conducted monthly seminars in Bengali, from 1991 to 2006.<ref name=PresFac/>

==Areas of specialization==
He specializes in the [[Naxalite]] movement and post-structuralism, and was actively involved in Naxalite politics during 1974–1981, but gradually became critical of Naxalism and orthodox Marxism, and became interested in Western Marxism, and the works of [[Antonio Gramsci]], [[Louis Althusser]], and the [[Frankfurt School]]. Over time he further moved towards [[post-structuralism]], especially the works of [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Jacques Derrida]]. His chief academic interest lies in working for a possible dialogue between Naxalism, on the one hand and Critical Theories such as post-structuralism, postcolonialism, feminism and Ambedkarism, on the other.<ref name=PresFac/>

== Books ==

===Authored books===
# ''Naxalbari-r Purbakshan: Kichhu Postmodern Bhabna'' (Kolkata: Progressive Publishers), 1998 ({{ISBN|81-86383-59-X}})
# ''Towards Naxalbari'' (1953–1967) (Kolkata: Progressive Publishers), 2000. ({{ISBN|818638376X}})
# ''Uttar Adhunik Rajniti O Marxbad'' (Kolkata: Pustak Bipani), 2005. ({{ISBN|8185471959}})
# ''Postmodernism, Marxism, Postcolonialism'' (Kalna: Avenel Press), 2010. ({{ISBN|8190252968}})
# ''Uttar Adhunik Rajniti'' (Kolkata: Sahityalok), 2010. ({{ISBN|9390910064}})

===Edited books===
# ''Discourses on Naxalite Movement'' (1967–2009) (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani), 2010. {{ISBN|9789380677019}}
# ''Avenel Companion to Modern Social Theorists'' (Kalna: Avenel) 2011. {{ISBN|978-9380761145}}
# ''Colonial Modernity: Indian Perspectives'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2011. {{ISBN|9789380677149}}
# ''Red on Silver: Naxalites in Cinema'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2012. {{ISBN|9789380677224}}
# ''Modern Social Thinkers'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2012. {{ISBN|9789380677835}}
# ''Monone Srijone Naxalbari'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2012. {{ASIN|B0CG4XLQ3H}}
# ''Political Sociology'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2016. {{ISBN|9789380677712}}
# ''Social Thinkers of Modern Times'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2016. {{ISBN|9789380677835}}
# ''Naxalite Politics: Post-structuralist, Postcolonial and Subaltern Perspectives'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2017. {{ISBN|9789380677231}}
# ''Theories, Society, Politics'' (Kalna: Avenel) 2022. {{ASIN|B0C14P29QN}}
# ''Theories, Culture, Politics'' (Kalna: Avenel) 2022. {{ISBN|9789390873715}}
# ''Theories, People, Politics'' (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2022. {{ISBN|978-9382878018}}
# ''Theories, Processes, Politics'' (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2022. {{ISBN|978-0333948552}}
# ''Theories, Reality, Politics'' (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2023. {{ISBN|978-1855219939}}
# ''Theories, Interaction, Politics'' (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2023. {{ISBN|978-9389292893}}
# ''Gender and Naxalite Movement'' (Kolkata: Setu Prakashani) 2023. {{ISBN|9788195706013}}
# ''Caste and Naxalite Politics'', (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2023. {{ISBN|9788119360116}}
# ''Naxalbarir Rajniti o Jaat-Paater Proshno'', (Kolkata: Gangchil) 2025, {{ISBN|978-81-19360-92-5}}.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basu, Pradip}}
[[Category:1957 births]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Bengali writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Indian political scientists]]
[[Category:Indian political writers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Kalyani]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Scottish Church College]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Calcutta]]
[[Category:Academic staff of Presidency University, Kolkata]]
[[Category:Scholars from Kolkata]]
[[Category:People from West Bengal]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian historians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian scholars]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male writers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian historians]]

Hori (music)

2026-02-13T08:43:52Z

LashayFmm33111: added references

{{Short description|Semi-classical singing genre from India}}
{{AI-generated|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox music genre
| name = Hori
| bgcolor =
| stylistic_origins = {{hlist|[[Folk music]]|[[Devotional song|Devotional]]|[[Semi-classical music|Semi-classical]]}}
| cultural_origins = [[Braj Region]]
| instruments = {{hlist|[[Dholak]]|[[Taal (instrument)|Taal]]|[[Harmonium]]}}
| derivatives =
| subgenrelist =
| subgenres =
| fusiongenres =
| regional_scenes =
| local_scenes =
| other_topics =
}}

'''Hori''' refers to a genre of folk songs in [[Braj Bhasha|Braj Bhasa]] traditionally sung during the [[Holi]] festival, particularly in the [[Braj|Braj region]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]] in India. These songs are an integral part of the [[Holi]] festivities and contribute significantly to the celebratory atmosphere.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95CfAAAAMAAJ&q=Hori+song++braj |title=Sangeet Natak |date=1998 |publisher=Sangeet Natak Akademi |language=en}}</ref>

== Themes and Significance ==

Hori songs often depict the playful and romantic interactions between [[Krishna]] and [[Radha]], key deities in [[Hindu mythology]], whose stories are deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of the [[Braj|Braj region]]. The lyrics frequently allude to the throwing of colors and the joyous spirit of the festival. These compositions are mainly based on the love pranks of ‘[[Radha Krishna|Radha-Krishna]]’ known for its connection with [[Vrindavan]], the native place of [[Krishna|Lord Krishna]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-12-11 |title=Hori Songs: Celebrating Krishna and Radha's Playful Escapades, Fading Beyond Rural Holi Festivals - historified |url=https://historified.in/2024/12/11/hori-songs-celebrating-krishna-and-radhas-playful-escapades-fading-beyond-rural-holi-festivals/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Musical Characteristics ==

Characterized by lively rhythms and melodies, '''Hori''' songs are often accompanied by traditional Indian instruments like the [[dholak]], [[manjira]], and [[harmonium]]. The call-and-response structure is common. In [[Indian classical music|classical]] renditions, Hori follows the [[Dhrupad]] form, set to the 14-beat Dhamaar tala. These versions showcase [[tempo]] variations (dugun, tigun, chaugun) and precise [[raga]] development.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JooMsAA8130C&q=Hori+folk+song |title=Shanmukha |date=2004 |publisher=Sri Shanmukhananda Fine Arts & Sangeetha Sabha. |language=en}}</ref> [[Semi-classical music|Semi-classical]] Hori incorporates elements of [[Thumri]], often using lighter talas. When Dhamaar is sung in lighter talas and in a semi-classical repertoire incorporating elements of [[Thumri]], the resulting composition is also known as '''Hori'''. [[Kafi (raga)|Raga Kafi]], known for its passionate character, is frequently used, especially in semi-classical and Thumri styles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 2011 |title=Significance and evolution of traditional and folk Hori singing during Holi festival |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/e/Culture/Music/Significance-and-evolution-of-traditional-and-folk-Hori-singing-during-Holi-festival-1.aspx |website=www.esamskriti.com}}</ref>

== Regional Variations ==

While originating in the [[Braj region]], variations of Hori songs are also found in other parts of [[North India]], including [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[Bihar]], and regions further east. [[Mathura]], [[Ayodhya]] and [[Varanasi|Kashi]] are 3 major centers for Hori.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hori – Nad Sadhna |url=https://nadsadhna.com/indian-music/vocal-forms/hori/ |access-date=2025-03-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref> These regional variations often reflect local dialects, musical styles, and specific traditions associated with [[Holi]] celebrations. The traditionally sung Horis often describe Krishna's celebrations, romance with Radha, and pranks with the [[Gopi|gopis]], depicting the [[Sringara|Shringara Rasa]] (romantic love) with underlying devotion. "Holi khelat Nand Lal" is a traditional example.

== Preservation and Contemporary Relevance ==

Although ''Hori'' remains a vibrant part of [[Holi]] festivities in many areas, there are concerns about the preservation of its traditional forms, especially in urban settings. Efforts to document and promote Hori songs are crucial for ensuring the continuation of this rich cultural tradition.<ref name=":0" />

== Hori in Bollywood ==
Shailaja Tripathi of [[The Hindu]] observed, "''Holi khele raghubira Awadh mein'' from the film ''[[Baghban (2003 film)|Baghban]]'' and the hugely popular ''[[Rang Barse Bhige Chunar Wali|Rang barse]]'' are ulharas which have their roots in Awadh. In the film [[Kati Patang]], the Holi song ''Aaj na choddenge bas humjoli'' has shades of Dhamar. This form begins with a slow tempo but as it progresses it becomes extremely fast. ''Holi aayi re kanhai'' from ''[[Mother India]]'' is a hori but interestingly has a kajri tune."<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-02-25 |title=Hues of Hori |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/Hues-of-Hori/article16816881.ece |access-date=2023-09-21 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Hindustani Classical Music page end}}

[[Category:Indian styles of music]]
[[Category:Hindustani music genres]]
[[Category:Music of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hindustani music terminology]]

Amin Shah

2026-02-08T09:38:01Z

LashayFmm33111: started stub...

{{Short description|Manipur politician}}
{{BLP sources|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = Muhammad
| name = Amin Shah
| native_name =
| office = Member of [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2012
| term_end = 2017
| constituency = [[Kshetrigao Assembly constituency|Kshetrigao]]
| predecessor = [[Thangjam Nandakishor Singh]]
| successor = [[Nahakpam Indrajit Singh]]
| birth_date = 1978-79
| birth_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| relatives =
| image =
}}
'''Muhammad Amin Shah''' is an Indian politician and former member of the [[Manipur Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=net/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammed Amin Shah(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- KHETRIGAO(IMPHAL EAST) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/manipur2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=127 |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Muslims may play a decisive role in Manipur elections |url=https://www.awazthevoice.in/india-news/muslims-may-play-a-decisive-role-in-manipur-elections-10013.html |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=www.awazthevoice.in |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=60-member Manipur Assembly will have 03 Muslim MLAs {{!}} ummid.com |url=https://ummid.com/news/2017/March/12.03.2017/manipur-assembly-2017-will-have-02-muslims.html |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=ummid.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= |url=https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/4/Mohammed%20Amin%20Shah.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241215203541/https://ceomanipur.nic.in/Affidavits/AssemblyElection/2022/4/Mohammed%20Amin%20Shah.pdf |archive-date=2024-12-15 |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=ceomanipur.nic.in}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Muhammad Amin Shah was born on 1 October 1966 to Muhammad Muhammudin Shah. He completed his secondary education at the Jalil High School of [[Kshetrigao Assembly constituency|Kshetrigao]] before continuing at the Johnosthon Higher Secondary School until 1997.<ref name=net>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/manipur2012/candidate.php?candidate_id=15|website=My Neta|title=Md. Amin Shah|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref>

==Career==
Ashab Uddin{{Clarify|reason=Who is Ashab Uddin? The article was about Amin Shah to this point|date=August 2025}} participated in the [[2012 Manipur Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Kshetrigao Assembly constituency|Kshetrigao]] constituency in [[Imphal East district]]. Being an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate, he defeated his rival [[Thangjam Nandakishor Singh]] of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]].<ref name=net/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shah, Amin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Manipur MLAs 2012–2017]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Manipur]]

{{Manipur-INC-politician-stub}}

Akhilesh Yadav

2026-02-04T08:05:42Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{short description|Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 2012 to 2017}}
{{protection padlock|small=yes}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Akhilesh Yadav
| image = Akhilesh Yadav receiving Padma Vibhushan on the behalf of his late father Sh. Mulayam Singh Yadav (cropped).jpg
| caption = Yadav in 2023
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1973|07|01|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Saifai]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| residence = {{ubl|1, Vikramaditya Marg, [[Lucknow]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/lucknow/cm-moves-to-new-residence-at-vikramaditya-marg.html |title=CM moves to new residence at Vikramaditya Marg |work=Daily Pioneer |date=8 October 2016 |access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref>|C-1/36, Pandara Park, [[New Delhi]]}}
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start = 4 June 2024
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Subrat Pathak]]
| successor =
| term_start1 = 30 May 2019
| term_end1 = 22 March 2022
| constituency1 = [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| predecessor1 = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| successor1 = [[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]
| constituency2 = [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start2 = 25 February 2000
| term_end2 = 2 May 2012
| predecessor2 = Mulayam Singh Yadav
| successor2 = [[Dimple Yadav]]
| office3 = Leader of [[Samajwadi Party]] in [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start3 = 9 June 2024
| predecessor3 = [[S. T. Hasan]]
| deputy3 = [[Babu Singh Kushwaha]]
| office4 = 2nd [[Samajwadi Party|President of the Samajwadi Party]]
| 1blankname4 = Guidance Leader
| 1namedata4 = Mulayam Singh Yadav {{small|(till October 2022)}}
| term_start4 = 1 January 2017
| term_end4 =
| predecessor4 = Mulayam Singh Yadav
| office5 = 32nd [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| 1blankname5 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata5 = [[Yogi Adityanath]]
| term_start5 = 26 March 2022
| term_end5 = 11 June 2024
| predecessor5 = [[Ram Govind Chaudhary]]
| successor5 = [[Mata Prasad Pandey]]
| office6 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start6 = 10 March 2022
| term_end6 = 11 June 2024
| constituency6 = [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]
| predecessor6 = [[Sobaran Singh Yadav]]
| successor6 = [[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]
| office7 = 20th [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start7 = 15 March 2012
| term_end7 = 19 March 2017
| governor7 = [[Aziz Qureshi]] [[Ram Naik]]
| predecessor7 = [[Mayawati|Kumari Mayawati]]
| successor7 = Yogi Adityanath
| office8 = [[Member of Legislative Council|Member]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
| term_start8 = 6 May 2012
| term_end8 = 5 May 2018
| constituency8 = ''Elected by the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|MLAs]]''
| party = [[Samajwadi Party]]
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Dimple Yadav|Dimple Rawat]]|1999}}
| children = 3
| profession = {{hlist|Politician|[[civil engineer]]}}
| alma_mater = [[University of Mysore]] ([[B.E.]]) [[University of Sydney]] ([[Master of Engineering|M.E.]])
| father = [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]
| mother =
| relations = [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]] (uncle)
| 2blankname7 = Ministry & Departments
| 2namedata7 = *[[Department of Home and Confidential|Home and Confidential]]
*[[Department of Appointment and Personnel|Appointment and Personnel]]
*Finance
*Energy
*Excise
*Higher Education
*Secondary Education
*Housing
*Sugar & Cane Development
*Industrial Development
*General Administration
*Other departments not allocated to a Minister.
| predecessor8 = [[Kashinath Yadav]]
| successor8 = [[Vijay Bahadur Pathak]]
| image_size = 200
}}

'''Akhilesh Yadav''' ({{audio|Akhilesh Yadav pronunciation.ogg|pronunciation}}; born 1 July 1973)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=564 |title= Members Bioprofile |publisher=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> is an Indian politician, engineer, agriculturalist and social worker. He is the national president of the [[Samajwadi Party]] who served as the 20th [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] from 2012 to 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/akhilesh-yadav-22828.html|title= Akhilesh Yadav Biography|publisher=oneindia.com |access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> Having assumed the chief minister's office at the age of 38, he is the youngest person to have held the office till date.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/akhilesh-yadav.html|title= Akhilesh Yadav Biography|publisher=elections.in|access-date=29 August 2021}}</ref> 
He is the incumbent [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]] for [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] in the [[18th Lok Sabha]], where he is the parliamentary party leader of [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Akhilesh Yadav to be SP's leader in Lok Sabha |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/uttar-pradesh/akhilesh-yadav-to-be-sps-leader-in-lok-sabha/articleshow/110826106.cms |work=The Economic Times |agency=PTI |issn=0013-0389 |date=11 June 2024 |access-date=15 July 2024}}</ref> Earlier, he was elected as the [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)| Member of the Legislative Assembly]] for [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]] in the [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|18th Vidhan Sabha]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/UttarPradesh/Leader%20of%20the%20House%20Sri%20Akhilesh%20Yadav%20Bioda.pdf|title=Uttar Pradesh Leader Biodata|publisher=Government of India}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Samajwadi Party chief Akhilesh Yadav defeats BJP's Subrata Pathak in Kannauj Lok Sabha 2024 elections |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-yadav-vs-subrat-pathak-kannauj-elections-result-live-updates-9370106/ |work=The Indian Express|date=4 June 2024 |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref> before resigning<ref>{{cite news |title=अखिलेश यादव ने करहल से दिया इस्तीफा, अब ये नेता लड़ सकता है सपा से चुनाव |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/up-uk/akhilesh-yadav-resigned-from-the-mla-post-in-up-tej-pratap-yadav-may-fight-by-election-from-karhal-2713146 |work=ABP News |language=hi |date=12 June 2024 |access-date=12 June 2024}}</ref> and has also been the [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of Opposition]] in the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from March 2022 to June 2024.

His first significant success in politics was being elected as the Member of the [[13th Lok Sabha]] in the year 2000 (by-poll) for the [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] constituency. He is the son of [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], a veteran Indian politician and the founder of [[Samajwadi Party]] who served as [[Minister of Defence]], [[Government of India]] and served three terms as the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]].

==Early life and education==
Yadav was born on 1 July 1973 in [[Saifai]], [[Etawah District]], Uttar Pradesh. He was born to Malti Devi and [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], later [[Chief minister]] of [[Uttar Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=564&lastls=15 |title= Members Bioprofile |publisher=Lok Sabha Secretariat |access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref> Malti Devi suffered complications while giving birth to Akhilesh which put her in a [[Persistent vegetative state|vegetative]] state. She died in 2003. With Mulayam Singh Yadav busy making a career in politics, Akhilesh was brought up mostly by his paternal grandparents.

He completed his early education in a local school in Saifai and then one in Etawah town.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/everybodys-brother-akhilesh-yadav|title=Everybody's Brother. Akhilesh Yadav in the family business |date=1 September 2015 |last=Dixit |first=Neha |work=[[The Caravan]] |language=en|access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> He was schooled at [[Dholpur Military School]] in [[Dholpur]], [[Rajasthan]], then obtained his bachelor's degree in [[Civil and Environmental Engineering|Civil Engineering]] at the [[University of Mysore]], Karnataka, India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Akhilesh Yadav(Samajwadi Party(SP)):Constituency- KARHAL(MAINPURI) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://myneta.info/Uttarpradesh2022/candidate.php?candidate_id=1822 |access-date=3 June 2024 |website=myneta.info}}</ref> Akhilesh Yadav also holds a master's degree in [[environmental engineering]] from the [[University of Sydney]], Australia.<ref>{{cite news |title=10 things you want to know about Akhilesh Yadav |url=http://www.ndtv.com/assembly/10-things-you-want-to-know-about-akhilesh-yadav-470488 |date=21 March 2012 |access-date=21 June 2016|work=[[NDTV]] }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Yadav |first=Shyamlal |date=9 March 2022 |title=Akhilesh Yadav, Mulayam Singh's successor and 20th UP CM |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/akhilesh-yadav-mulayam-singh-successor-20th-up-cm-7812209/ |access-date=3 April 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Pradhan |first=Sharat |date=7 July 2012 |title=UP CM Akhikesh Yadav off to Australia on holiday |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/report/up-cm-akhikesh-yadav-off-to-australia-on-holiday/20120707.htm |work=Rediff |access-date=7 June 2024}}</ref>

==Political career==

Yadav was elected to the [[13th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kannauj]] in a by-election in 2000.<ref name=":0" /> He was also a member of the Committee on Food, Civil Supplies, and Public Distribution.<ref>{{cite web |title=Yadav, Shri Akhilesh - Lok Sabha Profile |url=http://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=564 |website=loksabhaph.nic.in |access-date=2 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=20 March 2004|title=Akhilesh Yadav|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/akhilesh-yadav/story-GU49TG5HboRlUlPHtDTZLO.html|access-date=23 July 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Yadav served as a Member of the Committee on Ethics from 2000 to 2001<ref>{{cite web|title=Akhilesh Yadav Biography - About family, political life, awards won, history|url=http://www.elections.in/political-leaders/akhilesh-yadav.html|website=www.elections.in|access-date=21 June 2016}}</ref> and in 2004 was elected as a [[Member of parliament, Lok Sabha|member]] of the [[14th Lok Sabha]] for a second term. He was at times a member of the following committees: Committee on Urban Development, Committee on Provision of Computers for various departments, Committee on Science and Technology, and Committee on Environment and Forests.

From 2009 to 2012 Yadav was elected and served as a member of the [[11th Lok Sabha|15th Lok Sabha]] for a second term. During this period he was a member of the following committees: Member of the Committee on Environment and Forests, Committee on Science and Technology, and the JPC on the [[2G spectrum case]]. On 10 March 2012 he was appointed leader of the [[Samajwadi Party]] in Uttar Pradesh. On 15 March 2012, at the age of 38, he became the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]], the youngest to hold the office.<ref name="IndiaToday-15Mar12"/>

In May 2012 Yadav resigned from the Kannauj parliamentary seat to further serve as the [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] after his party won the Assembly elections.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/akhilesh-yadavs-wife-dimple-to-contest-kannauj-lok-sabha-by-polls-103445-2012-05-25 |title=Akhilesh Yadav's wife Dimple to contest Kannauj Lok Sabha by-polls |work=[[India Today]] |date=26 May 2012 |access-date=22 June 2016 |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]}}</ref> In the same month he became Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh]] [[Legislative Council (India)|Legislative council]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Akhilesh-Yadav-elected-unopposed-for-UP-legislative-council/articleshow/12730984.cms |title=Akhilesh Yadav elected unopposed for UP legislative council |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=19 April 2012 |first1=Ashish |last1=Tripathi |access-date=22 June 2016}}</ref> In the 2017 Assembly elections, the [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]-[[Indian National Congress|Congress]] Alliance headed by Yadav was unable to form the government. He submitted his resignation to Governor [[Ram Naik]] on 11 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=UP elections: Chief minister Akhilesh Yadav resigns |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/assembly-elections/up-elections-chief-minister-akhilesh-yadav-resigns/story-seO9Y8UvUyNVOrHBTDF3fP.html |access-date=19 August 2020 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=11 March 2017 |language=en |agency=[[Press Trust of India]] }}</ref>

The [[2019 Indian general election]]s and [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]s saw Yadav being elected to the parliament and state assembly simultaneously, with Yadav later retaining his state assembly seat, and thereby submitting his resignation in the Lok Sabha.<ref>{{cite news |title=Akhilesh Yadav Quits As MP, He Was Elected Uttar Pradesh MLA |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/akhilesh-yadav-resigns-as-lok-sabha-mp-after-winning-in-up-election-2835998 |access-date=22 March 2022 |work=[[NDTV]] |first1=Alok |last1=Pandey |editor-first1=Deepshikha |editor-last1=Ghosh |date=22 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

In the [[2024 Indian general election]] Yadav was elected to the [[18th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]].<ref name=":1" />

==Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh==
Yadav was sworn in as the 20th [[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]] on 15 March 2012, aged 38, winning 224 seats in the March 2012 assembly elections.<ref name="IndiaToday-15Mar12">{{cite news|title=Akhilesh Yadav becomes UP's youngest chief minister |language=en |work=[[India Today]] |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/assembly-elections-2012/uttar-pradesh/story/uttar-pradesh-akhilesh-yadav-sworn-in-as-chief-minister-95995-2012-03-15 |date=15 March 2012 |agency=IANS |access-date=28 September 2020 }}</ref> During his tenure, the [[Agra-Lucknow Expressway]], the most modern and longest expressway in India, was completed and inaugurated.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Som |first=Vishnu |editor-first1=Deepshikha |editor-last1=Ghosh|date=21 November 2016 |title=6 Jets Touch Down For Opening Of Agra-Lucknow Expressway, India's Longest |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/8-fighter-jets-at-opening-of-agra-lucknow-expressway-indias-longest-1627999 |work=[[NDTV]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122052138/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/8-fighter-jets-at-opening-of-agra-lucknow-expressway-indias-longest-1627999 |archive-date=22 November 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="TOI IAF">{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/agra/8-IAF-fighter-jets-to-touch-down-Agra-Lucknow-Expressway/Taj-Expressway-on-Nov-21/articleshow/55402700.cms|title=8 IAF fighter jets to touch down Agra-Lucknow Expressway/ Taj Expressway on Nov 21|first=Arvind|last=Chauhan|date=13 November 2016|access-date=6 June 2018|work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.businessinsider.in/Eight-fighter-jets-to-land-on-Agra-Lucknow-expressway/articleshow/55412366.cms|title=Eight fighter jets to land on Agra-Lucknow expressway/ Taj Expressway|work=Business Insider|agency=Times News Network|date=14 November 2016|access-date=6 June 2018}}</ref> Yadav also launched the "UP100 Police Service",<ref>{{cite news |title=UP chief minister Akhilesh Yadav launches state's emergency response system UP-100|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/up-chief-minister-akhilesh-yadav-launches-states-emergency-response-system-up-100/articleshow/55517359.cms?from=mdrtitle=Chief |access-date=29 August 2020 |work=Economic Times |date=19 November 2016 |language=en}}</ref> "Women Power Line 1090"<ref name="Women Power Line">{{cite news|title=Chief Minister Mr. Akhilesh Yadav inaugurated the modern police control room & mobile Aap Women Power Line 1090|url=http://www.musingindia.com/chief-minister-mr-akhilesh-yadav-inaugurated-the-modern-police-control-room-mobile-aap-women-power-line-1090/|access-date=23 November 2019|work=Musing India|publisher=Musing India|date=21 November 2014}}</ref> and "108 Ambulance Service".<ref>{{cite news |title=Akhilesh launches free, 24x7 ambulance service |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/akhilesh-launches-free-24x7-ambulance-service/article3897856.ece |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=15 September 2012 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Infrastructural accomplishments of his government include projects like the [[Lucknow Metro]] Rail,<ref>{{cite news |title=Akhilesh flags off Lucknow Metro; will be open to public only in March|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/akhilesh-flags-off-lucknow-metro-will-be-open-to-public-only-in-march-4405889/ |access-date=28 July 2020 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=2 December 2016 |first1=Ramendra |last1=Singh |language=en}}</ref> Lucknow International [[Ekana Cricket Stadium]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Int'l stadium may host first cricket match in 2015|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Intl-stadium-may-host-first-cricket-match-in-2015-Target-To-Facilitate-IPL-20-20/articleshow/45891985.cms|access-date=14 March 2020 |work=Times of India|date=15 January 2015|language=en}}</ref> [[Janeshwar Mishra Park]] (Asia's largest park),<ref>{{cite news |title=Janeshwar Mishra Park to come up over 330 acres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/Janeshwar-Mishra-Park-to-come-up-over-330-acres/articleshow/15368713.cms |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=6 August 2012 |language=en}}</ref> Jayaprakash Narayan International Convection Center, [[IT City, Lucknow|IT city]].<ref name="Akhilesh Yadav top 20 schemes"/>

His chief ministerial tenure also saw emphasis on developing power sector, modernising the police force, setting up Kisan Bazaars and Mandis, introducing social welfare schemes such as Lohiya Awas Yojana, Kanya Vidya Dhan, Kisan Avam Sarvhit Bima Yojana, Pension Yojna and allotting unemployment allowances.<ref>{{cite news |title=List of biggest achievements of Akhilesh Yadav as Uttar Pradesh's Chief Minister|url= https://www.theindianwire.com/politics/achievements-of-akhilesh-yadav-as-up-chief-minister-71493|series=Achievements |access-date=18 July 2020 |work=Indian Wire |date=25 August 2018 |author=Rahil |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Akhilesh Yadav top 20 schemes">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Sudhir |title=अखिलेश की यह TOP 20 योजनाएं उन्हें फिर बनाएंगी मुख्यमंत्री! |trans-title=These top 20 schemes of Akhilesh will make him the Chief Minister again! |url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/akhilesh-yadav-s-top-20-schemes-may-be-make-again-chief-minister-of-uttar-pradesh-1391812/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031005011/https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/akhilesh-yadav-s-top-20-schemes-may-be-make-again-chief-minister-of-uttar-pradesh-1391812/ |archive-date=31 October 2020 |url-status=usurped |date=16 January 2017 |access-date=28 October 2020 |work=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref> Between 2012 and 2015, over 15 Lakh laptops were distributed to the 10th and 12th passout students by the Government of Uttar Pradesh, making it one of the largest distribution schemes by any government in the world.<ref name="Laptops to 10th and 12th passouts">{{cite news|title=Uttar Pradesh government to give free laptops to class X, XII pass out students|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/uttar-pradesh-government-to-give-free-laptops-to-class-x-xii-pass-out-students/|access-date=18 March 2016|work=[[The Indian Express]] |agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]] |date=24 June 2015}}</ref>

== Positions held ==
Akhilesh Yadav has been elected 1 time as [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] and 5 times as [[Lok Sabha]] MP.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://loksabhaph.nic.in/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=564 |title=Member Profile |work=Lok Sabha |access-date=30 September 2022}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" width=60%
! # !! From !! To !! Position !! Party
|-
| 1. || 2000 || 2004 || [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (1st term) in [[13th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] (by-poll) || [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 2. || 2004 || 2009 || [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (2nd term) in [[14th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] || [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 3. || 2009 || 2012 || [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (3rd term) in [[15th Lok Sabha]] from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] (resigned in 2012) and [[Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency|Firozabad]] (resigned in 2009) || [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 4. || 2012 || 2018 || [[Member of the Legislative Council (India)|MLC]] (1st term) in [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]] [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh|Chief Minister]] (1st term) in [[Government of UP]] (2012–2017) || [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 5. || 2019 || 2022 || [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]] (4th term) in [[17th Lok Sabha]] from [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]] (resigned in 2022) || [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 6. || 2022 || 12 June 2024<ref name="Akhilesh Yadav resigns as MLA from U.P. Assembly, will represent Kannauj in Lok Sabha">{{cite news |last1=Kumar |first1=Mayank |date=12 June 2024 |title=Akhilesh Yadav resigns as MLA from U.P. Assembly, will represent Kannauj in Lok Sabha |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/akhilesh-yadav-resigns-as-mla-from-up-assembly-will-represent-kannauj-in-lok-sabha/article68282080.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613050337/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/akhilesh-yadav-resigns-as-mla-from-up-assembly-will-represent-kannauj-in-lok-sabha/article68282080.ece |archive-date=13 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |access-date=13 June 2024}}</ref> ||[[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] (1st term) from [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]] [[List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition]] of [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
|| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
| 7. || 2024<ref>{{cite news |title=Bullish Wins & Bearish Losses: Here are the key contests and results of 2024 Lok Sabha polls |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |work=Economic Times |date=6 June 2024 |access-date=27 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727153249/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/bullish-wins-bearish-losses-here-are-the-key-contests-of-2024-lok-sabha-results/articleshow/110713130.cms |archive-date=27 July 2024}}</ref>|| Present ||Member of the [[18th Lok Sabha]] (5th time) from [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]]|| [[Samajwadi Party|SP]]
|-
|}

==Election history==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2025}}

===Lok Sabha===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2" |Opponent party
! Opponent votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! 2000*
| rowspan="3"|[[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]]
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party|rowspan=6}}
| 3,06,054
| 43.1
| Akbar Ahmad Dumpy
| {{Party name with color|Bahujan Samaj Party|rowspan=4}}
| 2,47,329
| 34.8
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 58,725
| 8.3
|-
! [[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
| 4,64,367
| 61.21
| Thakur Rajesh Singh
| 1,56,994
| 20.69
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 3,07,373
| 40.52
|-
! rowspan="2"|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
| 3,56,895
| 48.1
| Mahesh Chandra Verma
| 1,91,887
| 25.86
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 1,65,008
| 22.24
|-
| [[Firozabad Lok Sabha constituency|Firozabad]]
| 2,87,011
| 41.9
| S. P. Singh Baghel
| 2,19,710
| 32.1
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 67,301
| 9.8
|-
! [[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
| [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]]
| 6,21,578
| 60.04
| Dinesh Lal Yadav 'Nirahua'
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
| 3,61,704
| 35.1
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 2,59,874
| 24.94
|-
! [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]]
| 6,42,292
| 52.74
| Subrat Pathak
| 4,71,370
| 38.71
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 1,70,922
| 14.03
|-
|}

* (*) denotes by-election

===Member of Legislative Assembly (Uttar Pradesh)===
{| class="sortable wikitable"
! Year
! Constituency
! colspan="2"|Party
! Votes
! %
! Opponent
! colspan="2" |Opponent party
! Opponent votes
! %
! Result
! Margin
! %
|-
! [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]]
| {{Party name with color|Samajwadi Party}}
| 148,196
| 60.12
| Prof. S.P. Singh Baghel
| {{Party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| 80,692
| 32.74
| {{yes2|Won}}
| 67,504
| 27.38
|-
|}
== Personal life ==
{{See also|Political families of Uttar Pradesh}}

Akhilesh Yadav is married to [[Dimple Yadav]], a [[Member of Parliament]]. The couple has three children; two daughters: Aditi and Tina, and a son, Arjun. Akhilesh is a [[civil engineer]], agriculturist, and socio-political worker. He has a keen interest in sports, mainly football and cricket. His favourite pastimes are reading, listening to music, and watching films.<ref>{{cite news|last=Goyal |first=Shikha |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/akhilesh-yadav-biography-1642670531-1|title=Akhilesh Yadav biography|work=Jagran |date=20 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022}}</ref>

Since Yadav became chief minister, his family was divided into two feuding groups, one siding with him and the other with his uncle [[Shivpal Singh Yadav]]. Akhilesh had the support of his father's cousin, [[Ram Gopal Yadav]], while Shivpal later founded his own political party, the [[Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya)|Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohia)]], which ahead of 2022 elections again merged with Samajwadi Party, with Shivpal being elected as an MLA on a Samajwadi Party ticket.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rai |first=Manmohan |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/53902522.cms |title=Infighting erupts in ruling Yadav family in UP, Mulayam continues to pull the power strings |work=The Economic Times |date=29 August 2016 |access-date=5 April 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Twitter|id=yadavakhilesh|name=Akhilesh Yadav}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] |years=2000 – 2012}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dimple Yadav]]}}
{{s-break}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Azamgarh Lok Sabha constituency|Azamgarh]] |years=2019 – 2022}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Dinesh Lal Yadav]]}}
{{s-break}}
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{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Kannauj Lok Sabha constituency|Kannauj]] |years=2024 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-par|in-up-lc}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kashinath Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Legislative Council for [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|MLA constituency]] |years=2012 – 2018}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vijay Bahadur Pathak]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-par|in-up-la}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Sobaran Singh Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Legislative Assembly for [[Karhal Assembly constituency|Karhal]] |years=2022 – 2024}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Tej Pratap Singh Yadav]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mayawati]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh]]|years=15 March 2012 – 20 March 2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Yogi Adityanath]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ram Govind Chaudhary]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Leader of the Opposition in Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]|years=26 March 2022 – 11 June 2024}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Mata Prasad Pandey]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Babu Singh Kushwaha]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Leader of [[Samajwadi Party]] in [[Lok Sabha]]|years=9 June 2024 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mulayam Singh Yadav]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President [[Samajwadi Party]]|years=1 January 2017 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{S-end}}

{{Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{18th Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh|state=expanded}}
{{17th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Samajwadi Party }}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Yadav, Akhilesh}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Yadav family (Uttar Pradesh)|A]]
[[Category:People from Kannauj]]
[[Category:People from Etawah district]]
[[Category:University of Sydney alumni]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:India MPs 1999–2004]]
[[Category:India MPs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:India MPs 2009–2014]]
[[Category:Members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:Chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Samajwadi Party]]
[[Category:Leaders of the opposition in the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Samajwadi Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]

Charles Orman

2026-01-29T19:23:09Z

LashayFmm33111: small changes

{{Short description|English cricketer and British Army officer (1859–1927)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Charles Orman
| image =
| country =
| fullname = Charles Edward Lintorn-Orman
| birth_date = {{birth date|1859|9|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Roorkee]], British India
| death_date = {{death date and age|1927|2|11|1859|9|6|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Epping, Essex|Epping]], [[Essex]], England
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling =
| role = [[Batsman]]

| club1 = [[Essex County Cricket Club|Essex]]
| year1 = 1896
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 =
| year2 =
| clubnumber2 =

| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|FC]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 16
| bat avg1 =
| 100s/50s1 =
| top score1 =
| deliveries1 =
| wickets1 =
| bowl avg1 =
| fivefor1 =
| tenfor1 =
| best bowling1 =
| catches/stumpings1 =

| date = 27 July 2013
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/18263.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''Charles Edward Orman''' or, after 1912, '''Charles Edward Lintorn-Orman''' (6 September 1859 – 11 February 1927) was an English soldier and [[cricket]]er.

Orman was commissioned in 1878 from the [[Royal Military College, Sandhurst]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=24547|date=29 January 1878|page=458}}</ref> and was promoted to major in the [[Essex Regiment]] in 1895.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=26669|date=8 October 1895|page=5523}}</ref> He played two matches for [[Essex County Cricket Club]] in 1896.<ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/18263.html |title= Charles Orman |access-date=2013-07-27 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

In 1893, at [[St Stephen's, Gloucester Road|St Stephen's Church]], South Kensington, he married Blanche Lintorn Simmons, daughter of [[Field Marshal (UK)|Field Marshal]] Sir [[Lintorn Simmons]].<ref>Benewick, Robert, ''Political Violence and Public Order'', London: Allan Lane, 1969, p. 27.</ref> The Orman family adopted the surname of Lintorn-Orman by [[Deed of change of name|deed poll]] in 1912.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000749/19121227/011/0001 |access-date=1 October 2023 |work=Bedfordshire Times and Independent |date=27 December 1912 |at=p.1, col.5|title=Official}}</ref> His daughter, [[Rotha Lintorn-Orman]], founded the [[British Fascisti]].<ref>{{Cite ODNB | last=Gottlieb | first=Julie V. | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/93720|title=Orman, Rotha Beryl Lintorn Lintorn|year=2008|orig-year=2005}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cricinfo|id=18263}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Orman, Charles}}
[[Category:1859 births]]
[[Category:1927 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel of British India]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:Essex cricketers]]
[[Category:Essex Regiment officers]]
[[Category:People from Roorkee]]
[[Category:Cricketers from Uttarakhand]]
[[Category:19th-century English sportsmen]]
[[Category:Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst]]
[[Category:British people in British India]]
[[Category:19th-century British Army personnel]]

{{England-cricket-bio-1850s-stub}}

Eparchy of Kothamangalam

2026-01-25T10:28:12Z

LashayFmm33111: put up a info

{{Short description|Eastern Catholic eparchy in Kerala, India}}

{{more citations needed|date=January 2019}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}

{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Eparchy
| name = Kothamangalam
| local = കോതമംഗലം രൂപത
| image = Mar George Alencherry at Kothamangalam Cathedral.jpg
| image_size =
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Syro-Malabar]] Major Archbishop [[Mar George Alencherry]] at St. George Cathedral, Kothamangalam

| country = {{flag|India}}
| territory =
| metropolitan =
| province =
| archdeaconries =
| deaneries =
| subdivisions =
| coordinates =

| area_km2 = 4,840
| area_sqmi = 
| area_footnotes =
| population = 885,320
| population_as_of = 2011
| catholics = 231,300
| catholics_percent = 29.3
| parishes = 120
| congregations = 
| schools = 175
| members = 

| denomination = [[Catholic Church]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Syro-Malabar Church]]
| rite = [[East Syriac Rite]]
| established = 29 July 1956
| cathedral = St. George Cathedral, [[Kothamangalam, Kerala]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Immaculate Heart of Mary]]
| patron_title = 
| priests = 543

| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} 
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop = [[Raphael Thattil]]
| bishop = George Madathikandathil
| bishop_title = 
| metro_archbishop =
| coadjutor =
| suffragans = 
| auxiliary_bishops = 
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general = Mgr Pius Malekandathil, Mgr Vincent Nedungatt
|
| archdeacons = 
| emeritus_bishops = George Punnakottil (1977-2013),
Mathew Pothanamuzhi (1956-1977)

| map =
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =

| website = [https://www.eparchyofkothamangalam.com/ Website of the Diocese]
| footnotes =
|headquarters=|coat=Kothamangalam_diocese.png}}
The '''Eparchy of Kothamangalam''' is an [[Syro-Malabar Church]] ecclesiastical jurisdiction or [[eparchy]] the [[Catholic Church in India]]. It was established by [[Pope Pius XII]] in 1957. Mar George Madathikandathil is the eparch since 10 January 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2013/01/10/new_bishops_for_india,_canada,_usa/en1-654589|title = Vatican Radio}}</ref>

Situated in the central region of the Indian state of Kerala, the Eparchy of Kothamangalam lies extended in Ernakulam and Idukki districts of Kerala, neighbouring the [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly|Archeparchy of Ernakulam-Angamaly]], eparchies of [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Irinjalakuda|Irinjalakuda]], [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Idukki|Idukki]] and [[Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Palai|Pala]]. Mar Mathew Pothanamuzhy was the first bishop of the eparchy. He was succeeded by Mar George Punnakottil served as the [[bishop]] until 10 January 2013, when his resignation was accepted by the synod.

==Boundaries==
It is bounded on the north by the Periyar river,
on the east by the Uzhavathadam river, Cheeyapara Waterfalls, and the Kulamavu Dam;
on the west by [[Kolenchery]],
and on the south by Ramamangalam, Memuri, Marady, [[Arakuzha]], Purapuzha and Karimkunnam villages, Vazhipuzha river, eastern boundary of Velliamatam and southern boundary of [[Thodupuzha]] taluk.

==Population==
The Kothamangalam Diocese has a total of approximately 231,300 faithful under its jurisdiction.

== Ordinaries ==
'''Bishops'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Sl.no
! Name
! Designation
! Year of appointment
! Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Matthew Pothanamuzhi]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1956
| align="center" | 1977
|-
| 2
| [[George Punnakottil]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 1977
| align="center" | 2013
|-
| 3
| [[George Madathikandathil]]
| align="center" | Bishop
| align="center" | 2013
| align="center" | ''present''
|}
'''Prelate's Hailing from the Diocese'''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Sl.no
! Name
! Designation
! Year of appointment
! Last year of service
|-
| 1
| [[Thomas Thiruthalil C.M]]
| align="center" | Former Bishop of Berhampur and Balasore
| align="center" | 1974
| align="center" | 2013
|-
| 2
| [[Thomas Pulloppillil]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Bongaigaon
| align="center" | 2000
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 3
| [[John Thomas Kattrukudiyil]]
| align="center" | Former Bishop of Dhipu and Itanagar
| align="center" | 1994
| align="center" | 2023
|-
| 4
| [[Benny Varghese Edathattel]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Itanagar
| align="center" | 2023
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 5
| [[Chacko Thottumarickal, S.V.D]]
| align="center" | Former Bishop of Jhubua and Indore
| align="center" | 2002
| align="center" | 2024
|-
| 6
| [[Thomas Mathew Kuttimackal]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Indore
| align="center" | 2024
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 7
| [[Matthew Vaniakizhakel, C.V.]]
| align="center" | Former Bishop of Satna
| align="center" | 1999
| align="center" | 2014
|-
| 8
| [[Joseph Kodakallil]]
| align="center" | Bishop of Satna
| align="center" | 2015
| align="center" | ''present''
|-
| 9
| [[John Vadakel, C.M.I.]]
| align="center" | Former Bishop of Bijnor
| align="center" | 2009
| align="center" | 2019
|}

==Foranes & Parishes==
[[File:Maran Mar George Alencherry in the Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Kothamangalam.JPG|thumb|Syro-Malabar Major Archbishop [[Mar George Alencherry]] during the Episcopal Ordination of Mar George Madathikandathil as the Bishop of the Syro-Malabar Eparchy of Kothamangalam]]
'''1. Kothamangalam Forane''' '''([[St George Cathedral Forane church]])'''

1. [[Kothamangalam]] 
2. Injoor 
3. Malippara 
4. Mathirappilly 
5. Nadukani 
6. Nellimattom 
7. [[Thrikkariyoor]] 
8. Vettampara 
9. Allungal 
10. Nellikuzhy 

'''2. Arakuzha Forane''' '''([[Marth Mariam Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Arakuzha]])'''

1. [[Arakuzha]] 
2. Arikkuzha 
3. [[Meenkunnam]] ([[St. Joseph's Syro-Malabar Church, Meenkunnam|St. Joseph's Catholic Church]]) 
4. Peringuzha 
5. [[Perumballur]] 
6. Thottakkara

'''3. Kaliyar Forane''' '''(St. Ritha Forane Church) '''

1. [[Kaliyar]] 
2. Koduvely 
3. Mannukkad 
4. Mundanmudy 
5. Njarakkad 
6. Thennathur 
7. [[Thommankuthu]] 
8. [[Vannappuram]]

'''4. Karimannoor Forane'''

1. [[Karimannoor]] 
2. Cheenikkuzhy 
3. Cheppukulam 
4. [[Chilavu]] 
5. Kaithappara 
6. Malayinchi 
7. Mulappuram 
8. Neyyasserry 
9. Pallikkamuri 
10. Peringasserry 
11. Thattakkuzha 
12. [[Udumbannoor]] 
13. Uppukunnu

'''5. Mailakkombu Forane'''

1. Mailakkombu 
2. Ezhallur 
3. [[Kaloor]] 
4. Nakappuzha 
5. Perumbillichira 
6. Thazhuvamkunnu

'''6. Maarika Forane'''

1. Maarika 
2. Kolady 
3. [http://www.stantonys.com/ Kuninji] 
4. Nediyasala 
5. [[Purapuzha|Purappuzha]]

'''7. Muthalakkodam Forane (St George Forane Church)'''

1. [[Muthalakodam|Muthalakkodam]] 
2. Chalasserry 
3. [[Kodikulam|Kodikkulam]] 
4. Paarappuzha 
5. [[Vandamattom]] 
6. Vazhakkala

'''8. Muvattupuzha Forane''' '''([[Holy Magi Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church, Muvattupuzha]])'''

1. [[Muvattupuzha]] 
2. St Sebastian's Church Anicadu 
3. Karakkunnam 
4. Marady 
5. Mekkadambu 
6. Mudavoor 
7. Muvattupuzha East 
8. Randaar 
9. Vazhappilly East

'''9. Oonnukal Forane(Little Flower Syro Malabar Catholic Forane Church)'''

1. Oonnukal 
2. Ambikapuram 
3. Injathotty 
4. Maamalakkandam 
5. Neendapaara 
6. Neryamangalam 
7. Parikkanni 
8. Pazhambillichal 
9. Perumannur

'''10. Paingottoor Forane'''

1. [[Paingottoor]] 
2. Kalvarigiri (Kulappuram) 
3. Kadavoor 
4. Mullaringad 
5. Pothanikkad 
6. Punnamattom 
7. Rajagir (Vellallu)

'''11. Thodupuzha Forane'''

1. [[Thodupuzha]] 
2. Alakkodu 
3. Anjiri 
4. Chittur 
5. Kalayanthani 
6. Kallanikkal 
7. Methotty 
8. Nazareth hill (Thoyipra) 
9. Nediyakaad 
10. Pannimattom 
11. Ponnanthanam 
12. Thalayanad 
13. Thodupuzha East 
14. Vettimattom

'''12. Vazhakkulam Forane''' '''(St. George Syro-Malabar Catholic Forane Church)''' '''(വാഴക്കുളം ഫൊറോന പള്ളി)'''

1. [[Vazhakulam]] 
2. [[Ayavana]] 
3. Beslehem 
4. Enanelloor 
5. Kadalikkad 
6. [[Kalloorkkad]] 
7. Kavakkad 
8. Nadukkara 
9. [[Vadakode]]

'''13.Kuruppampady Forane''' '''(St. Peter & Paul Forane Church)'''

1. [[Kuruppampady]] 
2. Kutthunkal 
3. Nedungapra 
4. Kottapady 
5. Muttathuppara 

'''14.Velielchal Forane''' '''St. Joseph's Forane Church'''

1. [[Velielchal]] 
2. Vadattupara 
3. [[Pooyamkutty]] 
4. Njayappilly 
5. Urulanthanni 
6. Manikandamchal 
7. Kallelimedu 
8. [[Keerampara]] 
9. [[Kuttampuzha]] 

==Filial Churches==
1. Infant Jesus Church Nazarathvalley 
2. Infant Jesus Church Nazarethhill 
3. Little Flower Church Pallickamury 
4. St. Alphonsa's Church Pulickathotty 
5. St. Alphonsa's Church Uppukunnu 
6. St. Francis Xavier's Church Kulappura 
7. St. Jude Church Kallelimedu 
8. St. Mary's Church Manikandamchal 
9. St. Mary's Church Mannukad 
10. St. Mary's Church Ottalloor 
11. St. Paul's Church Methotty 

==Priests==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| Priests belonging to the Eparchy
| 344
|-
| Priests working outside
| 46
|-
| Priests out for studies
| 8
|-
| Priests Retired
| 25
|-
| Religious Priests
| 120
|}

==Educational institutions==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
| University Colleges
| 2
|-
| Engineering College
| 1
|-
| Self-financing colleges
| 3
|-
| Teacher Training College
| 1
|-
| Technical Schools
| 6
|-
| Higher Secondary Schools
| 21
|-
| High Schools
| 20
|-
| Upper Primary Schools
| 26
|-
| Lower Primary Schools
| 51
|-
| Unrecognized Schools
| 4
|-
| Nursery Schools
| 53
|}

==Notable individuals==
*[[George Karakunnel]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Syro-Malabar Catholic Diocese of Kothamangalam}}
*[http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/diocese_details.php?id=15 Syro-Malabar Kothamangalam Eparchy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714075533/http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/diocese_details.php?id=15 |date=14 July 2014 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110411230757/http://cs.nyu.edu/kandathi/ernakulam.html Archdiocese of Ernakulam]
*[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dktsm.html Catholic-Hierarchy entry]

{{Syro-Malabar Catholic Church Hierarchy}}
{{Christianity in Kerala}}

{{coord missing|Kerala}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kothamangalam, Diocese of}}
[[Category:Eastern Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Archdiocese of Ernakulam-Angamaly]]
[[Category:Syro-Malabar Catholic dioceses]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1957]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Kerala]]

Freshwater swamp forest

2026-01-21T13:09:24Z

LashayFmm33111: General improvements to article content

{{Short description|Forest growing on an alluvial zone}}
{{Lead rewrite|date=January 2024}}
{{AI-generated|date=August 2025}}

[[File:Morava's flooded forest 02.jpg|thumb|Flooded forest]]
'''Freshwater swamp forests''', or '''flooded forests''', are [[forest]]s which are inundated with [[freshwater]], either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of [[river]]s and around freshwater [[lake]]s. Freshwater [[swamp]] forests are found in a range of [[climate zone]]s, from [[Boreal ecosystem|boreal]] through [[Temperate climate|temperate]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.860261/Temperate_Flooded_Swamp_Forest_Formation | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref> and [[Subtropics|subtropical]] to [[Tropics|tropical]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.860267/Tropical_Flooded_Swamp_Forest_Formation | title=NatureServe Explorer 2.0 }}</ref>

== Appearance ==
A freshwater swamp forest is a type of [[wetland]] [[ecosystem]] characterized by its unique [[hydrology]] and vegetation. These forests are typically found in low-lying areas, riverbanks, and [[floodplains]] where there is a consistent supply of [[freshwater]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin-Smith |first1=K.M. |title=Encyclopedia of Forest Sciences |chapter=ECOLOGY | Aquatic Habitats in Forest Ecosystems |date=2004 |pages=96–102 |doi=10.1016/b0-12-145160-7/00024-7 |isbn=978-0-12-145160-8 }}</ref> A forest that is frequently flooded with relatively fresh water rich in minerals is referred to as a freshwater swamp forest. Since tropical freshwater swamp forests are a subset of [[Tropical rainforest|tropical rainforests]], they share environmental traits with other tropical rainforest formations.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp">{{cite journal |last1=Clews |first1=E. |last2=Corlette |first2=R.T. |last3=Ho |first3=J.K.I. |last4=Kim |first4=D.E. |last5=Koh |first5=C.Y. |last6=Liong |first6=S.Y. |last7=Meier |first7=R. |last8=Memory |first8=A. |last9=Ramchunder |first9=S.J. |last10=Sin |first10=T.M. |last11=Siow |first11=H.J.M.P. |last12=Sun |first12=Y. |last13=Tan |first13=H.H. |last14=Tan |first14=S.Y. |last15=Tan |first15=H.T.W. |last16=Theng |first16=M.T.Y. |last17=Wasson |first17=R.J. |last18=Yeo |first18=D.C.J. |last19=Ziegler |first19=A.D. |title=The biological, ecological and conservation significance of freshwater swamp forest in Singapore |journal=Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |date=20 March 2018 |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=9–31 |doi=10.26492/gbs70(suppl.1).2018-02 }}</ref>

Beyond these shared characteristics, however, the environment in freshwater swamp forests and other tropical rain forest formations can vary greatly. In inland freshwater swamp forests, flooding is typically sporadic, irregular, or seasonal. The water depth can vary greatly from a few centimeters to several meters. These physical factors affect the ecology of freshwater swamp forests, either singly or in combination.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/>

Rain, rivers, and [[groundwater]] are all sources of water, whereas rain is the only source of water for [[Peat swamp forest|peat swamp forests]].<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> The hue of the water in the freshwater swamp forest is typically an indication of the quantities of plant materials present in the water and soil.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> Contrary to [[ombrotrophic]] swamp forests, which only absorb nutrients from rain, freshwater swamp forest soils are relatively nutrient-rich.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> In freshwater swamp forests, rain and changes in the [[water table]] result in the [[Deposition (geology)|deposition]] of nutrients and [[Alluvium|alluvial]] soils. The nutrient-rich soils may support wetland [[rice]] farming and [[Elaeis|oil palm]] plantations.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/>

=== Hydrology ===
Within [[Aquatic ecosystem|aquatic ecosystems]], geomorphological, biological, and biogeomorphological processes and functions are significantly influenced by the flow of water.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poff |first1=N. LeRoy |last2=Allan |first2=J. David |last3=Bain |first3=Mark B. |last4=Karr |first4=James R. |last5=Prestegaard |first5=Karen L. |last6=Richter |first6=Brian D. |last7=Sparks |first7=Richard E. |last8=Stromberg |first8=Julie C. |title=The Natural Flow Regime |journal=BioScience |date=1997 |volume=47 |issue=11 |pages=769–784 |doi=10.2307/1313099 |jstor=1313099 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bunn |first1=Stuart E. |last2=Arthington |first2=Angela H. |title=Basic Principles and Ecological Consequences of Altered Flow Regimes for Aquatic Biodiversity |journal=Environmental Management |date=1 October 2002 |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=492–507 |id={{CORE output|143850950}} {{ProQuest|888466051}} |doi=10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0 |pmid=12481916 |bibcode=2002EnMan..30..492B }}</ref> Flow significantly affects the spatial and temporal [[Benthic zone|benthic]] community structure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poff |first1=N. LeRoy |last2=Allan |first2=J. David |title=Functional Organization of Stream Fish Assemblages in Relation to Hydrological Variability |journal=Ecology |date=1995 |volume=76 |issue=2 |pages=606–627 |id={{Gale|A17041062}} {{ProQuest|218956182}} |doi=10.2307/1941217 |jstor=1941217 |bibcode=1995Ecol...76..606P }}</ref> They are often associated with slow-moving or [[Meander|meandering rivers]], [[oxbow lake]]s, and other water bodies.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Giesen |first1=Wim |title=The Wetland Book |chapter=Tropical Freshwater Swamps (Mineral Soils) |date=2018 |pages=199–226 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-4001-3_4 |isbn=978-94-007-4000-6 }}</ref> Macroinvertebrate assemblages were significantly influenced by hydrological connectivity, with highly connected water bodies exhibiting more macroinvertebrate diversity than isolated water bodies, which tended to have less diverse assemblages and were predominated by a small number of taxa. Similar impacts have been seen in tropical ecosystems where flooding during the [[Wet season|wet]] or [[monsoon]] season has led to an increase in migratory species proportions and changes in community assemblages.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> On a smaller scale, modifications to the flow regime that result in changes to the physical environment can boost habitat variety and, as a result, boost species diversity. Additionally, a highly varied environment might provide as a haven for species during times of stress like flooding or drought.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> Freshwater swamp forests contain soft, unstable, and [[Anoxic waters|anoxic]] soil due to their waterlogged condition, which may have influenced the evolution of unique root adaptations in these trees that resemble those seen in a real mangrove forest.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Corlett |first1=Richard T. |title=The mangrove understory: some additional observations |journal=Journal of Tropical Ecology |date=February 1986 |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=93–94 |id={{CORE output|37889886}} |doi=10.1017/S0266467400000651 }}</ref><ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/>

== Flora ==
The vegetation in freshwater swamp forests is adapted to survive in [[Waterlogging (agriculture)|waterlogged]] conditions. Common tree species include various types of [[mangrove]]s, palms, and hardwood trees like [[mahogany]] and [[ebony]]. The [[Canopy (botany)|canopy]] tends to be dense and can create a shaded environment beneath.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duke |first1=Norman C. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Klaus |title=Tropical Forestry Handbook |chapter=Mangroves: Unusual Forests at the Seas Edge |date=2015 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_129-1 |isbn=978-3-642-41554-8 }}</ref>

Freshwater swamp forests are rich in [[biodiversity]] and provide habitat for a wide range of plant and animal species. They support numerous aquatic species, [[amphibian]]s, reptiles, and mammals. Birds are also abundant in these ecosystems. The flooded conditions can make these areas particularly important for fish breeding and [[Spawn (biology)|spawning]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Mangroves trees and shrubs |pages= |chapter-url=https://www.fao.org/4/ai387e/AI387E06.htm |first1=V. |last1=Selvam |date=2007 |title=Trees and shrubs of the Maldives |publisher=FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific |isbn=978-974-7946-94-9 }}</ref> Fires of various intensities were used in southern [[Sumatra]] to burn down the swamp forest to make way for agriculture. There, a rich and complex environment was reduced to a habitat made up of uniform stands of fire-resistant Melaleuca L. species thickets as a result of widespread and frequent fires.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> Furthermore, improper management of these ecosystems through massive logging and agricultural conversion has resulted in serious deterioration and loss of ecological and biological diversity.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/>

Many plants in freshwater swamp forests have special adaptations to cope with waterlogged soils, such as [[Aerial root|pneumatophores]] (aerial roots) in mangroves for oxygen exchange.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Duke |first1=Norman C. |last2=Schmitt |first2=Klaus |title=Tropical Forestry Handbook |chapter=Mangroves: Unusual Forests at the Seas Edge |date=2015 |pages=1–24 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-41554-8_129-1 |isbn=978-3-642-41554-8 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Trees of the Mangroves |url=http://www.nparks.gov.sg/nparksbuzz/nov-issue-2021/conservation/trees-of-the-mangroves |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Trees of the Mangroves |language=en}}</ref> Some animals have adapted to life in these wet environments, like amphibians with [[Semipermeable membrane|permeable skin]] that can absorb oxygen from water.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thorson |first=Thomas B. |date=January 1955 |title=The Relationship of Water Economy to Terrestrialism in Amphibians |journal=Ecology |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=100–116 |doi=10.2307/1931435 |jstor=1931435 |bibcode=1955Ecol...36..100T }}</ref>

Freshwater swamp forests offer a variety of [[ecosystem service]]s. They act as natural [[Buffer strip|buffers]] against flooding by absorbing excess water during heavy rains. They also filter water, helping to improve [[water quality]] by trapping sediments and pollutants.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steven |first1=Diane De |last2=Lowrance |first2=Richard |title=Agricultural conservation practices and wetland ecosystem services in the wetland-rich Piedmont-Coastal Plain region |journal=Ecological Applications |date=April 2011 |volume=21 |issue=sp1 |doi=10.1890/09-0231.1 |bibcode=2011EcoAp..21S...3S }}</ref> These forests are crucial for [[carbon sequestration]], playing a role in mitigating [[climate change]].<ref>{{cite report |first1=Ellen |last1=Hawes |first2=Markelle |last2=Smith |date=April 2005 |title=Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Recommended Widths |url=https://www.hebronnh.gov/sites/g/files/vyhlif3256/f/uploads/riparian_buffer_science_yale.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Steven |first1=Diane De |last2=Lowrance |first2=Richard |date=April 2011 |title=Agricultural conservation practices and wetland ecosystem services in the wetland-rich Piedmont-Coastal Plain region |journal=Ecological Applications |volume=21 |issue=sp1 |pages=S3–S17 |doi=10.1890/09-0231.1 |bibcode=2011EcoAp..21S...3S }}</ref>

== Human use ==
Local communities often rely on freshwater swamp forests for resources such as [[Lumber|timber]], [[non-timber forest product]]s (e.g., fruits, honey), and fish. Traditional agriculture may take place in the drier, elevated areas around the swamp forest. However, unsustainable [[logging]] and land conversion can threaten these ecosystems.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Derebe |first1=Binega |last2=Alemu |first2=Asmamaw |last3=Asfaw |first3=Zebene |title=Contribution of Nontimber Forest Products Earn to Livelihood in Rural Households and the Type of Use: A Systematic Review |journal=International Journal of Forestry Research |date=20 May 2023 |volume=2023 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1155/2023/9643290 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Freshwater swamp forests are globally important and often designated as protected areas or [[Ramsar site|Ramsar wetlands]] because of their ecological significance. [[Conservation biology|Conservation]] efforts aim to protect these ecosystems from [[Environmental degradation|degradation]] and promote sustainable land use practices.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schlesinger |first1=William H. |last2=Bernhardt |first2=Emily S. |title=Biogeochemistry |chapter=Wetland Ecosystems |date=2020 |pages=249–291 |doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-814608-8.00007-4 |isbn=978-0-12-814608-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Julia A. |last1=Cherry |title=Ecology of Wetland Ecosystems: Water, Substrate, and Life |journal=Nature Education Knowledge |volume=3 |issue=10 |date=2011 |page=16 |url=https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/ecology-of-wetland-ecosystems-water-substrate-and-17059765/ }}</ref> Freshwater swamp forests are vulnerable to [[habitat destruction]] and degradation due to [[urbanization]], agriculture, logging, and drainage for development. Climate change, including rising sea levels, can further threaten these ecosystems by altering water levels and [[salinity]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Verhoeven |first1=Jos T. A. |last2=Setter |first2=Tim L. |title=Agricultural use of wetlands: opportunities and limitations |journal=Annals of Botany |date=January 2010 |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=155–163 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcp172 |pmc=2794053 |pmid=19700447 }}</ref>

== Ecoregions ==
Globally, freshwater swamp forests are found in [[Southeast Asia]], [[tropical Africa]], and [[South America]], with the largest areas being part of the [[Amazon basin]]. In Southeast Asia, they are found all over the region, frequently close to major rivers like the [[Mekong]], [[Chao Phraya River|Chao Phraya]], and [[Irrawaddy River|Irrawaddy]] in [[Thailand]] and [[Myanmar]], as well as numerous smaller systems like the [[Sedili]] rivers in [[Johor]].<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> Although freshwater swamp forests are frequently found in wet climates, they can also be found in areas that are seasonally drier, such as west [[New Guinea]] and [[east Java]].<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/>

Freshwater swamp forests are a relatively understudied forest type in Southeast Asia, primarily because they are difficult to access and can [[List of diseases spread by arthropods|harbor diseases spread by insects]], such as [[mosquito]]es.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> In the Amazon Basin of Brazil, a seasonally flooded forest is known as a [[Várzea Forests|''várzea'']], and refers to a [[Whitewater river (river type)|whitewater]]-inundated forest. ''[[Igapó]]'' refers to [[Blackwater river|blackwater]]-inundated forest.<ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Miguel |editor-first2=Mauro L. |editor-first3=Christine |editor-first4=Eduardo S. |editor-last1=Pinedo-Vasquez |editor-last2=Ruffino |editor-last3=Padoch |editor-last4=Brondízio |title=The Amazon Várzea |date=2011 |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-0146-5 |isbn=978-94-007-0145-8 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor-first1=Randall W. |editor-last1=Myster |title=Igapó (Black-water flooded forests) of the Amazon Basin |date=2018 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-90122-0 |isbn=978-3-319-90121-3 }}{{pn|date=July 2025}}</ref> [[Mangrove forest|Mangrove]] and peat swamp forests, for example, have a tendency to draw more attention than other wetland habitats.<ref name="Clews Corlette significance of freshwater swamp"/> Peat swamp forests are swamp forests where waterlogged soils prevent woody debris from fully decomposing, which over time creates a thick layer of acidic peat.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Koh |first1=Lian P. |last2=Kettle |first2=Chris J. |last3=Sheil |first3=Douglas |last4=Lee |first4=Tien M. |last5=Giam |first5=Xingli |last6=Gibson |first6=Luke |last7=Clements |first7=Gopalasamy R. |title=Encyclopedia of Biodiversity |chapter=Biodiversity State and Trends in Southeast Asia |date=2013 |pages=509–527 |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-384719-5.00357-9 |isbn=978-0-12-384720-1 }}</ref>
=== Afrotropic ===
* [[Eastern Congolian swamp forests]] ([[Democratic Republic of the Congo]])
* [[Niger Delta swamp forests]] ([[Nigeria]])
* [[Western Congolian swamp forests]] ([[Republic of the Congo]], Democratic Republic of the Congo).

=== Australasia ===
* [[Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests]] ([[Indonesia]], [[Papua New Guinea]])
* [[Southern New Guinea freshwater swamp forests]] (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)

=== Southeast Asia ===
[[File:Ratargul, Sylhet.jpg|thumb|[[Ratargul Swamp Forest]] in [[Gowainghat Upazila|Gowainghat]], [[Sylhet District|Sylhet]], [[Bangladesh]]]]
* [[Borneo peat swamp forests]] ([[Brunei]], Indonesia, [[Malaysia]])
* [[Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forests]] ([[Thailand]])
* [[Irrawaddy freshwater swamp forests]] ([[Myanmar]])
* [[Peninsular Malaysian peat swamp forests]] (Malaysia, Thailand)
* [[Ratargul Swamp Forest]] ([[Bangladesh]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitbangladesh.biz/2013/09/swamp-forest-ratargul-amazon-of.html|title=Swamp Forest Ratargul : Amazon of Bangladesh ~ Beautiful Bangladesh}}</ref>
* [[Sundarbans]] freshwater swamp forests in Bangladesh and India
* [[Red River freshwater swamp forests]] ([[Vietnam]])
* [[Southwest Borneo freshwater swamp forests]] (Indonesia)
* [[Tonle Sap-Mekong peat swamp forests]] ([[Cambodia]], Vietnam)
* Wathurana freshwater swamp forest ([[Sri Lanka]]){{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}
* [[Myristica swamp]] ([[India]])
* [[Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary]] (India)
* Nee Soon Swamp Forest ([[Singapore]]){{Citation needed|date=July 2025}}

=== Neotropic ===
* [[Cantão]] igapó forest ([[Brazil]])
* [[Gurupa várzea]] (Brazil)
* [[Iquitos várzea]] ([[Bolivia]], Brazil, [[Peru]])
* [[Marajó várzea]] (Brazil)
* [[Monte Alegre várzea]] (Brazil)
* [[Orinoco Delta swamp forests]] ([[Guyana]], [[Venezuela]])
* [[Pantanos de Centla]] ([[Mexico]])
* [[Paramaribo swamp forests]] (Guyana, [[Suriname]])
* [[Purus várzea]] (Brazil)

== See also ==
{{Portal|Wetlands}}
* [[Coniferous swamp]] forest
* [[Mangrove swamp]] (saltwater swamp)

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Wetlands}}
{{aquatic ecosystem topics}}

[[Category:Swamps]]
[[Category:Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests]]

Periyar University

2026-01-18T20:41:52Z

LashayFmm33111: minor changes

{{Short description|Public university in Salem, Tamil Nadu, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Periyar University
| native_name =
| image_name = Periyar University logo.png
| image_size = 200px
| caption = Periyar University emblem
| motto =
| mottoeng = Wisdom Maketh the World
| established = {{start date and age|17 September 1997}}
| endowment =
| staff =
| faculty = 155
| president =
| rector =
| chancellor = [[Governor of Tamil Nadu]]
| vice_chancellor = ''Vacant'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/PressReleases/2021/PR300621-1.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 June 2021 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181443/https://www.tnrajbhavan.gov.in/PressReleases/2021/PR300621-1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| head_label =
| head =
| students = 140000+
| undergrad =
| postgrad =
| doctoral = 200
| city = [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]]
| state = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| country = [[India]]
| coor = {{coord|11|43|6|N|78|4|41|E|region:IN_type:edu}}
| campus = [[Urban area|Urban]]
| campus_size = {{Convert|140|acre}}
| free_label =
| free =
| colors =
| colours =
| mascot =
| nickname = PU
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
| website = {{official website|http://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in}}
| logo =
}}
'''Periyar University''' is a university in [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[India]]. It was established by the [[Government of Tamil Nadu]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Periyar University,Salem|url=https://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/aboutpride.php|access-date=26 June 2020|website=www.periyaruniversity.ac.in}}</ref> It is named after social reformer Thanthai [[Periyar|Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]. The University Grants Commissions, New Delhi bestowed 2f status in 1998 and 12(B) status in 2005 to the university. It is accredited by [[National Assessment and Accreditation Council|NAAC]] with ''''A++'''<nowiki/>' grade.<ref name="naac.gov.in">{{cite web |url=http://naac.gov.in/docs/RAR%20Result%28May%202015%29.pdf |title=6th Meeting of the Standing Committee |website= naac.gov.in }}</ref> It has been awarded a cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 3.61 out of 4 points (performance descriptor "Excellent").<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite web|agency=TNN|date=29 December 2021|title=periyar university: Periyar University 2nd in NAAC ranking {{!}} Salem News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/salem/periyar-university-2nd-in-naac-ranking/articleshow/88561846.cms|access-date=4 January 2022|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> University ranked Second in India only after to [[University of Mumbai|Mumbai University]] and First in Tamil Nadu among [[State university (India)|State Universities]]. Periyar University is the first State University to rank "'''A++'''" grade.<ref>{{Cite web|title=தேசிய அளவில் சாதனை படைத்த சேலம் பெரியார் பல்கலைக்கழகம்!|url=https://tamil.samayam.com/latest-news/salem/periyar-university-salem-got-state-level-first-grade-in-infrastructure/articleshow/88560591.cms|access-date=4 January 2022|website=Samayam Tamil|language=ta}}</ref>

== History ==
[[File:Periyar Statue.JPG|thumb|Statue of [[Periyar|Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]] in front of Periyar University Building|upright]]
The Government of Tamil Nadu established Periyar University at Salem on 17 September 1997, as per the provisions of the Periyar University Act, 1997. The university caters to affiliated colleges under the area comprising the districts of [[Salem, Tamil Nadu|Salem]], [[Namakkal|Dharmapuri, Namakkal]] and [[Krishnagiri]]. The university got 12(B) and 2f status from the [[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]] and was accredited by NAAC with B+ grade in 2007, which was upgraded to 'A' during the reaccreditation in May 2015.<ref name="naac.gov.in"/> In 2021 University upgraded to "A++" grade during the reaccreditation in December 2021.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/periyar-varsity-accorded-all-india-second-position-in-naac-accreditation/articleshow/88552797.cms Periyar University accorded all India second position in NAAC accreditation] | ''The Times Of India'' | Senthil Kumaran | 29 December 2021</ref>

==Affiliated colleges==
A total of 106<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/Affiliated_Colleges.php|title = Periyar University,Salem}}</ref> colleges from four districts of Tamil Nadu are affiliated with the university and PG extension center at [[Dharmapuri]] (Periyar University PG Extension Center, Adhiyaman Government Boys Higher Secondary School Campus), which includes five autonomous colleges, 65 colleges with PG departments and 45 colleges with research departments. More than 1,40,000+ students are studying in the affiliated colleges.<ref name="periyaruniversity.ac.in">{{cite web |url=http://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/periyar_naac_ssr_book-1.pdf |title=Periyar University |website= www.periyaruniversity.ac.in }}</ref>

==Schools and departments==
Periyar University has 27 teaching and research departments in eight schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/?page_id=43|title=Schools and Departments - :: Periyar University ::|website=www.periyaruniversity.ac.in}}</ref> The departments are clustered into schools to promote inter-disciplinary research.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/clustering-of-departments-to-promote-research-activities-at-periyar-university/article6795963.ece|title=Clustering of departments to promote research activities at Periyar University|newspaper=The Hindu|date=17 January 2015}}</ref> A total of 79 academic programmes are offered by the departments.<ref name="periyaruniversity.ac.in"/> A proposal has been submitted to the state government for approval to start a History Department.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/periyar-university-plans-to-start-history-department/article7427437.ece|title=Periyar University plans to start History Department|newspaper=The Hindu|date=16 July 2015}}</ref>

==Constituent colleges==
Apart from its teaching and research departments, the university has established five constituent colleges at [[Mettur]], [[Idappadi]] (both in Salem District), [[Pennagaram]], [[Harur]], and Pappireddipatty (in [[Dharmapuri]] District).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/?page_id=49|title=Constituent Colleges - :: Periyar University ::|website=www.periyaruniversity.ac.in}}</ref>

== Location ==
The university is on [[National Highway 7 (India)|National Highway 7]], {{cvt|7|km}} from Salem city. The campus extends to about {{convert|110|acre|km2}}, accommodating the administrative and department buildings.

== Rankings==
{{Infobox India university ranking
| type = University and College

|NIRF_O_2024=100|NIRF_U_2024=56}}

The university was ranked 4th Rank (ARRAI) Atal Ranking among the universities. The university was ranked 56th among universities and 100th Overall by the [[National Institutional Ranking Framework]] (NIRF) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF University rankings 2024 |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2024/UniversityRanking.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NIRF Ranking 2024 overall |url=https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2024/OverallRanking.html}}</ref>

== References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.periyaruniversity.ac.in/}}

{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Periyar University| ]]
[[Category:Universities in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Education in Salem, Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1997]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Periyar E. V. Ramasamy]]

Moolgaokar

2026-01-16T03:28:36Z

LashayFmm33111: New Data!

'''Moolgaokar''' is an Indian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

*[[Leela Sumant Moolgaokar]] (1916–1992), Indian social worker
*[[Sumant Moolgaokar]] (1906–1989), Indian industrialist

{{Surname}}
[[Category:Surnames of Indian origin]]

R. G. Vijayasarathy

2026-01-10T22:54:22Z

LashayFmm33111: new initial stub w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian critic and actor}}
{{Infobox person
| name = R. G. Vijayasarathy
| image =
| birth_name = Rajapur Gopalarao Vijayasarathy
| caption =
| birth_place =
| othername =
| birth_date =
| death_date = {{death date and given age|2013|2|24|62}}<ref name="A"/>
| death_place =
| yearsactive =
| occupation = {{hlist|Film critic|actor}}
| parents =
| spouse =
}}
'''Rajapur Gopalarao Vijayasarathy''' was an Indian actor, journalist and film critic who was known for being the only writer of Kannada film reviews for ''[[Indo-Asian News Service]]'' and ''[[Rediff.com]]'' during the 2000s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-suhasini/20100120.htm|title=Suhasini on her last movie with the late Kannada actor|date=20 January 2010|work=[[Rediff.com]]|access-date=30 April 2023|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430042215/https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-interview-with-suhasini/20100120.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He started his work in the 1970s writing for sports and business columns before transitioning into a film critic.<ref name="A">{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/big-man-leaves-quietly/articleshow/21227978.cms|title='Big man' leaves quietly'|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=24 February 2013|access-date=30 April 2023|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102092121/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/south-masala/big-man-leaves-quietly/articleshow/21227978.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Illustrated Weekly of India - Volume 93|page= 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sh6qWN4dcp4C&q=r.+g.+vijaysarathy|date=1972}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rs37DwAAQBAJ&dq=r.+g.+vijaysarathy&pg=PA2228|title=AKASHVANI: Vol. XXXIX. No. 51 |date= 22 December 1974 |page= 2228 |publisher = [[All India Radio|All India Radio (AIR) Delhi]]|last=Chuckervertty|first=G. C.}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
He studied at [[National College, Bangalore|National College (Basavanagudi), Bangalore]] and was [[Vishnuvardhan (actor)|Vishnuvardhan]]'s classmate.<ref name="A"/> He died on 24 February 2013.<ref name="I">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-veteran-kannada-film-critic-rg-vijayasarathy-dead-1803961|title=Veteran Kannada film critic RG Vijayasarathy dead|work=[[indo Asian News Service|IANS]]|date=24 February 2013|access-date=30 April 2023|archive-date=30 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230430042215/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-veteran-kannada-film-critic-rg-vijayasarathy-dead-1803961|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Partial filmography ==
''Source''<ref name="A"/>
{{colbegin}}
*''[[Operation Antha]]'' (1995)
*''[[Idu Entha Premavayya]]'' (1999)
*''[[Upendra (film)|Upendra]]'' (1999)
*''[[Shabdavedhi]]'' (2000)
*''[[Vaalee (2001 film)|Vaalee]]'' (2001)
*''Sainika'' (2002)
*''[[Hasina (film)|Hasina]]'' (2005)
*''[[Pakka Chukka]]'' (2003)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://viggy.com/english/review_pakkachukka.asp|title=Pakka Chukka film review|work=[[Viggy.com]]|date=28 February 2003|access-date=1 December 2023|archive-date=22 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422113326/http://viggy.com/english/review_pakkachukka.asp|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Mohini 9886788888]]'' (2006)
*''[[Sirivantha]]'' (2006)
*''[[Krishna (2007 film)|Krishna]]'' (2007)
*''[[Preethiya Theru]]'' (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/jan/09/preethiya-theru-159199.html|title=Preethiya Theru|date=9 January 2010|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|access-date=11 August 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718225448/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2010/jan/09/preethiya-theru-159199.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Aptharakshaka]]'' (2010)
*''[[Naanu Nanna Kanasu]]'' (2010)
*''[[Rame Gowda vs Krishna Reddy]]'' (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/rame-gowda-vs-krishna-reddy-stealing-plots-all-the-way/articleshow/21724227.cms|title=Rame Gowda vs Krishna Reddy: Stealing plots all the way|work=[[Bangalore Mirror]]|date=17 December 2010|access-date=18 July 2023|archive-date=18 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718013102/https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/reviews/rame-gowda-vs-krishna-reddy-stealing-plots-all-the-way/articleshow/21724227.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
*''[[Keratam]]''/''Yuvan'' (2011)
*''[[Taare]]'' (2011)
*''[[Myna (film)|Myna]]'' (2013)
{{colend}}

Apart from acting, he worked as the dialogue writer for ''[[Vishnu Sena]]'' (2005).<ref name="I"/> He was also a film distributor.<ref name="A"/>

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G.|title=Amar Singh |date=1979 |publisher=|isbn= |url = https://www.sahityabooks.com/shop/bharata-bharati-kannada/kridapatugalu/amar-singh/}}
* {{Cite book |last=Vijayasarathy |first=R. G.|title=Mahammad Nissar |date=1979 |publisher=|isbn= | url = https://www.sahityabooks.com/shop/bharata-bharati-kannada/kridapatugalu/mahammad-nissar/}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Indian film critics]]
[[Category:Indian male journalists]]
[[Category:2013 deaths]]

Abdur Rahman Peshawari

2025-12-26T15:20:50Z

LashayFmm33111: updated page

{{Short description|Turkish soldier, journalist and diplomat born in Peshawar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{family name hatnote|Abdur Rahmann|||lang=Ottoman Turkish}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abdur Rahman Peshawari
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| caption =
| native_name = {{langx|tr|Abdurrahman Peşaveri}} {{langx|ur|عبد الرحمن پشاوری}}
| native_name_lang = ur
| birth_name = Abdur Rahman Samdani Peshawari<ref name="Ahmed2017"/>
| birth_date = {{Birth-date|1886}}
| birth_place = [[Peshawar]], [[Khaybar Pukhtunkhwa]], [[British India]] {{small|(later the [[North-West Frontier Province]] and now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], [[Pakistan]])}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1925|1886|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Istanbul]], Istanbul Province, [[Turkey]]
| death_cause = Assassination ([[Gunshot wound]])<ref name="Sajid"/>
| resting_place =
| burial_place = 
| monuments =
| other_names = Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey<ref name="Ahmed2017"/>
| alma_mater = [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]]
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Soldier
* medic
* journalist
* diplomat}}
| years_active = 1912–1925
| employer =
| organization =
| known_for =
| title =
| term =
| party =
| movement =
| father = [[Haji Ghulam Samdani]]
| relatives = [[Mian Abdul Aziz]] (brother) [[Mohammed Yahya]] (brother) [[Mohammad Yunus (diplomat)|Mohammad Yunus]] (brother)
| awards =
|module =
{{Infobox military person
|embed = yes
|embed_title = Military service
|allegiance = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|branch = [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|Ottoman Army]]
|serviceyears = 1913–1918
|rank =
|battles = [[World War I]] [[Turkish War of Independence]]
}}
| module2 =
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| order = 1st
| office = Turkish Ambassador to Afghanistan
| term_start = 1920
| term_end = 1922
| primeminister = [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]]
| predecessor = Post created<ref name="Ahmed2017"/>
| successor = [[Fakhri Pasha]]
}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Abdur Rahman Peshawari''' ({{langx|tr|Abdurrahman Peşaveri}}; {{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|عبدالرحمن پشاوری}}}};{{efn|{{langx|ks|عبدالرحمن پشاوری}}; {{langx|hnd|{{Nastaliq|عبدالرحمن پشوری}}}}; {{langx|ps|عبدالرحمن پېښوری}}}}{{ltr}} 1886–1925), also known as '''Abdurrahman Bey'''<ref name="Yusufzai"/> ({{langx|tr|Peşaverli
Abdurrahman Bey}}), was a Turkish soldier, journalist and diplomat who was born in [[Peshawar]] in [[British India]] (now [[Pakistan]]).<ref name="Sajid"/>

Born into a wealthy family of [[Kashmiris|Kashmiri]]–[[Pashtuns|Pashtun]] heritage,<ref>{{cite news |date=March 4, 2022 |last=Aslam |first=MJ |url=https://kashmirlife.net/samdanis-peshawar-delhi-lahore-turkey-vol-13-issue-48-287068/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305060905/https://kashmirlife.net/samdanis-peshawar-delhi-lahore-turkey-vol-13-issue-48-287068/ |archive-date=March 5, 2022 |title=Samdanis': Peshawar, Delhi, Lahore, Turkey |publisher=[[Kashmir Life]] |language=en-IN }}</ref> he completed his schooling in Peshawar and attended the prestigious [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] in [[Aligarh]]. A Muslim nationalist, Peshawari left his education and journeyed to [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turkey]] in 1912 among a group of volunteer medics from British India to aid Ottoman forces in the [[Balkan Wars|Balkan War]]. At the end of the war, he chose to stay behind in Turkey and joined the [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|Ottoman Army]], earning a distinguished military career participating in the [[World War I|First World War]]. He also briefly worked as a journalist for [[Anadolu Agency]]. In 1920, he was appointed by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] as Turkey's first [[Chargé d'affaires|envoy]] to Afghanistan.<ref name="AA">{{cite news|title=Indian Muslim hero in Turkey's liberation war|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/life/indian-muslim-hero-in-turkeys-liberation-war/161608|access-date=26 September 2018|date=7 May 2014|quote=Peshawari served the nascent Turkish Republic, appointed by Ataturk as ambassador to Afghanistan.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205818/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/life/indian-muslim-hero-in-turkeys-liberation-war/161608|archive-date=26 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1925, he was the target of an assassination attempt in [[Istanbul]] in what is believed to be a case of mistaken identity, and died of gunshot wounds a month later in a hospital.<ref name="Sajid"/>

==Early life==
===Family background===
Abdur Rahman Peshawari was born in 1886 in [[Peshawar]], in what was then the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]] – but in 1901 became part of the [[North-West Frontier Province]] (NWFP) – of [[British India]] (now [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], Pakistan) to the city's prominent Samdani family.<ref name="Ahmed2017"/><ref name="Sajid">{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/anadolu-agencys-100th-year/kashmiri-origin-pathan-first-anadolu-agency-reporter/1793204|title=Kashmiri-origin Pathan, first Anadolu Agency reporter|work=Anadolu Agency|date=5 April 2020|access-date=3 June 2020|first=Islamuddin|last=Sajid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413224557/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/anadolu-agencys-100th-year/kashmiri-origin-pathan-first-anadolu-agency-reporter/1793204|archive-date=13 April 2020|url-status=live|quote=Born in Peshawar, capital of Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, in 1886 in a wealthy Samdani family...In an exclusive interview with Anadolu Agency, Peshawari’s nephew Mohammad Saleem Jan said that his uncle had earned the sobriquet of Lala Turkey and Chacha Turkey...Jan is also the [maternal] grandson of [[Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan]], popularly known as Bacha Khan...My [paternal] grandfather had migrated from Baramulla, northern district of Indian-administered Kashmir to Peshawar...He had a large family, some of which gained prominent positions during his life. Among them was Lala Turkey...}}</ref><ref name="Sohail"/> Paternally, his family was of [[Kashmiri Muslims|Kashmiri Muslim]] origin;<ref name="Sajid"/> Peshawari's father, [[Haji Ghulam Samdani]] ({{circa|1827}}–1926),<ref name="Rauf"/><ref name="Yusufzai">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/165715-Erdogan-revives-memory-of-Abdur-Rehman-Peshawari|title=Erdogan revives memory of Abdur Rehman Peshawari|work=The News|date=18 November 2016|access-date=3 June 2020|first=Rahimullah|last=Yusufzai|authorlink=Rahimullah Yusufzai|quote=Abdur Rehman Peshawari belonged to a prominent family from Peshawar. His father’s name was Haji Ghulam Samdani.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180113203307/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/165715-Erdogan-revives-memory-of-Abdur-Rehman-Peshawari|archive-date=13 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Singh2001"/> moved to Peshawar in the late 19th century where he became a prosperous businessman and philanthropist.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Masood"/> The family were noted to be speakers of Peshawar's [[Hindko]] dialect.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://medium.com/@akhundzadaarifhasankhan/modern-turkic-immigrants-in-peshawar-and-the-frontier-e9dc948cb233|title=Modern Turkic immigrants in Peshawar and the Frontier|work=[[Medium (website)|Medium]]|date=21 February 2020|access-date=12 June 2020|first=Arif Hasan Khan|last=Akhunzada|quote=They still spoke Turki at home, among themselves, but outwardly they used Pishori Hindko.}}</ref> According to Faiz Ahmed, Peshawari also had [[Waziristan|Waziri]] origins and was an ethnic [[Pashtuns|Pashtun]].<ref name="Ahmed2017"/> He is described by sources as a "Kashmiri-origin Pashtun."<ref name="Sajid"/><ref>{{cite news|url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2191514/1-kashmiri-origin-pathan-first-reporter-turkeys-century-old-media-organisation/|title=Kashmiri-origin Pathan, first reporter of Turkey's century-old media organisation|work=The Express Tribune|date=6 April 2020|access-date=6 June 2020}}</ref>

Peshawari's father worked as a contractor for the [[British Raj|government]] and [[British Indian Army|military]] of British India, and was one of Peshawar's wealthiest individuals.<ref name="Rauf"/><ref name="Masood"/> He reportedly owned large tracts of forest and agricultural land in the NWFP, [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and Kashmir, as well as much of the [[Qissa Khwani Bazaar]] in Peshawar.<ref name="Masood">{{cite web|url=http://twocircles.net/2011jun19/mohammed_yunus_19162001_migrant_pakistan.html|title=Mohammed Yunus (1916-2001): The Migrant from Pakistan|work=[[Two Circles]]|date=19 June 2011|access-date=9 June 2020|first=Naved|last=Masood|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410072929/http://twocircles.net/2011jun19/mohammed_yunus_19162001_migrant_pakistan.html|archive-date=10 April 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Qasim Ali Khan Mosque]] located within this bazaar was renovated and expanded by his father in the 1920s.<ref name="Dawn4"/> According to one source, Samdani donated several neighbouring shops and a house in the area for the mosque's extension, and these renovations took place in 1884 as per a [[Persian language|Persian]] inscription inside the mosque.<ref name="Society2001">{{cite book|author=Pakistan Historical Society|title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ptgVAQAAMAAJ|year=2001|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society.|page=51|quote=A Persian inscription, installed in a recently-built small room which houses graves of Qasim 'Ali Khan (believed to be the founder), Haji Ghulam Samdani (a contractor, d. 1344/1925) [...] records that Haji Ghulam Samdani, a renowned figure of Peshawar city, donated a sufficient number of neighbouring shops, balakhdnahs and a house for the extension of this mosque. These renovations and extension took place, as the inscription records, in 1302/1884.}}</ref> The graves of his father and three of Peshawari's brothers are interred in the precincts of the mosque.<ref name="Dawn4">{{cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1190142|title=Facts and fiction surrounding historic Masjid Qasim Ali Khan|work=Dawn|date=24 June 2015|access-date=9 June 2020|first=Sher Alam|last=Shinwari|quote=Also one legend claims that a noted businessman, Haji Ghulam Samdani who had migrated from Baramullah Kashmir in early 19th century, had renovated and expanded the mosque before his death in 1920s. Surprisingly, he and three sons and some other personalities had their graves in the precincts of the mosque.}}</ref> The family's ''[[haveli]]'' was located in the Kohati Gate area of Peshawar's old city.<ref name="Asfand"/>

[[File:Qasim Ali Khan Mosque.jpg|thumb|Interior of Peshawar's [[Qasim Ali Khan Mosque]]. The tombs of Peshawari's father and three brothers are interred in the mosque's precinct.|250px]]
Peshawari had many siblings and half-siblings paternally; prominent amongst them was [[Mian Abdul Aziz]] (d. 1946), who was the first Muslim from the NWFP to complete a [[Barrister|bar-at-law]] from England.<ref name="PHS">{{cite book|title=Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JPptAAAAMAAJ|year=1997|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society.|page=377|quote=Mian Abdul Aziz s/o Haji Ghulam Samdani, a Kashmiri settler, was the first Muslim Bar-at-Law from N.Wf.P. A leading League figure he at one time served as president of one of the groups of the League, rival of the Hidayat group. He agreed to resign in favour of the Quaid and paved way for the unification of the League in 1934. He died in 1946.}}</ref><ref name="Shāh1992"/> Aziz was also one of the confidantes of [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], and a key member of the [[All-India Muslim League]] (AIML) which campaigned for an [[Pakistan Movement|independent Pakistan]] during British rule.<ref name="Ahmad1966">{{cite book|author=Jamil-ud-Din Ahmad|title=Quaid-i-Azam, as Seen by His Contemporaries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3YdTAAAAYAAJ|year=1966|publisher=Publishers United|page=81|quote=Mian Abdul Aziz, Barrister-at-Law of Lahore, is one of the oldest surviving leaders of the Muslim freedom movement...}}</ref> He first joined the London Muslim League during his student days, and then led the Frontier Muslim League as its first president until it was dissolved. In 1917, he went to Delhi, and would eventually become the president of the AIML itself in 1933.<ref name="Shāh1992">{{cite book|author=Sayyid Vaqār ʻAlī Shāh|title=Muslim League in N.W.F.P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FqpHAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Royal Book Company|page=187|isbn=9789694071350|quote=Abdul Aziz, Mian, born and bred at Peshawar; education Peshawar and England; studied law got the degree of Bar-at-Law; joined the London Muslim League; very first President of Frontier Muslim League; after dissolution of that branch went to Delhi in 1917; was elected the President of All India Muslim League in 1933...}}</ref> In 1934, he abdicated his position in deference to Jinnah, ultimately unifying the various [[List of Muslim League breakaway groups|AIML factions]] under the latter's leadership.<ref name="PHS"/> Aziz spent the later part of his life preaching [[Islam]], including spending a year in Japan in 1935 where he delivered a series of lectures and inaugurated Japan's [[Kobe Mosque|first mosque at Kobe]].<ref name="Malik2008">{{cite book|author=Ahmad Rashid Malik|title=Pakistan-Japan Relations: Continuity and Change in Economic Relations and Security Interests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utF9AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17|date=3 September 2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-04197-8|pages=17–|quote=The most well known Indian Muslim who ever visited Japan was Mian Abdul Aziz, a former President of the All-India Muslim League. He was invited by the Kobe Mosque Committee in 1935...}}</ref>

Peshawari's other siblings included [[Mohammed Yahya]] (1901–1990),<ref name="Sohail"/> a Pakistani politician who was elected to the [[Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|NWFP Legislative Assembly]] in 1946, and served as the provincial minister for education under [[Khan Abdul Jabbar Khan]]'s cabinet;<ref name="Asfand">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/332103-asfandyar%E2%80%99s-cousin-to-join-pti|title=Asfandyar's cousin to join PTI|work=The News|date=19 November 2011|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607165826/https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/332103-asfandyar%E2%80%99s-cousin-to-join-pti|archive-date=7 June 2020|url-status=live|quote=Saleem Jan is the son of late Mohammad Yahya Jan, who was married to the daughter of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement founder Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan...Yahya Jan...was elected to the NWFP Assembly in the 1946 general election...and served as the education minister in Chief Minister Dr Khan Sahib’s cabinet...Saleem Jan’s paternal grandfather, Haji Ghulam Samdani, was a leading Peshawar businessman and philanthropist...}}</ref> and [[Mohammad Yunus (diplomat)|Mohammad Yunus]] (1916–2001),<ref name="Sohail"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600431000.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030703101955/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600431000.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 July 2003|title=To Islamabad and the Frontier|access-date=9 June 2020|location=Chennai, India|date=26 May 2003|work=[[The Hindu]]|quote=And I was able to meet Badshah Khan's surviving children, Wali Khan, the famous political figure of the NWFP, and his half-sister, Mehr Taj, whose husband Yahya Jan, a schoolmaster who became a Minister in the Frontier, was the brother of the late Mohammed Yunus, who had made India his home.}}</ref><ref name="Singh2001">{{cite book|author=Nagendra Kr Singh|title=Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: S-Z|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GVxuAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA471|year=2001|publisher=A.P.H. Publishing Corporation|isbn=978-81-7648-235-6|pages=471|quote=Mohammad Yunus is belong to a rich and distinguished Pathan family and son of Haji Ghulam Samdani (1827–1926).}}</ref> an [[Indian independence movement]] activist who remained in India after the [[Partition of India|partition of British India]], and served as the country's ambassador to Indonesia, Iraq, Turkey and Algeria – as well as becoming a nominated member of the [[Rajya Sabha]] in 1989.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2001/20010618/main4.htm|title=Mohammad Yunus dead|date=18 June 2001|access-date=8 June 2020|work=The Tribune|quote=He was [a] nephew of Frontier Gandhi Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan, he is survived by his wife.}}</ref><ref name="Sabha1992">{{cite book|author=India. Parliament. Rajya Sabha|title=Who's who|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tq-KAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Rajya Sabha Secretariat.|page=211|quote=MOHAMMAD YUNUS, SHRI : (Nominated); Congress (I); s. of late Haji Ghulam Samdani and late Smt. Murvari Jan; b. at Abbotabad (former N.W.F.P.) June 26, 1916...}}</ref><ref name="Masood"/> Peshawari was also closely related to the family of [[Abdul Ghaffar Khan]].<ref name="Sohail">{{cite web|url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10109/1/Muhammad_Sohail_Education_2016_Univ_of_Peshawar_24.06.2016.pdf|title=The Educational Movements in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with Special Reference to Anjuman-i-Islahul Afaghina: (1901-1947)|first=Muhammad|last=Sohail|work=Institute of Education and Research, [[University of Peshawar]]|access-date=8 June 2020|date=December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608153422/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/10109/1/Muhammad_Sohail_Education_2016_Univ_of_Peshawar_24.06.2016.pdf|archive-date=8 June 2020|url-status=live|quote=He met with the Afghan king Amir Amanullah Khan and Abdul Rehman Peshawari, the first Turkish ambassador to Afghanistan...Abdul Rehman Peshawari (1886-1925) was the son of a renowned businessman, Ghulam Samdani of Peshawar. He was the brother of Mohammad Younis, living in New Delhi and the writer of the book ‘Frontier speaks’. Yahya Jan Khan, former education minister NWFP, was another brother of him. He was [a] close relative of Bacha Khan...}}</ref> Due to his association with Turkey in later life, he became known amongst his family members as ''Chacha Turkey'' ("Uncle Turkey") or ''Lala Turkey'' ("Brother Turkey").<ref name="Sajid"/>

===Education===
Peshawari studied at the Edwards High School in Peshawar, and excelled at sports. He then proceeded to [[Aligarh]] to pursue his higher education at the [[Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College]] (MAO College), which would later become the famed [[Aligarh Muslim University]].<ref name="Sajid"/> During its initial years when it was facing financial difficulties, his father funded the institution on the request of [[Syed Ahmad Khan|Sir Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref name="Masood"/>

==Medical mission==
While Peshawari was studying at Aligarh, the [[Balkan Wars]] broke out in Europe in 1912, in which the Turkish [[Ottoman Empire]] faced a revolt from a group of [[Balkan League|allied Balkan states]].<ref name="Sajid"/> In the [[Indian subcontinent]], which at that time was under British rule, there had been an ongoing resurgence of [[Muslim nationalism in South Asia|pan-Islamic nationalism]], as also evidenced many years later through the pro-Ottoman [[Khilafat Movement]].<ref name="Rauf">{{cite web|url=http://sam.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Abdul-Rauf.pdf|title=Pan-Islamism and the North-West Frontier Province of British India (1897–1918)|first=Abdul|last=Rauf|access-date=3 June 2020|date=2007|work=Center for Strategic Research of the [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224003232/http://www.sam.gov.tr/perceptions/volume12/winter/winter-002-PERCEPTION(abdulrauf)%5B2%5D.pdf|archive-date=24 December 2010|url-status=live|pages=30, 31|quote=His father Ghulam Samadani was an established government contractor...Freedom was so dear to [Peshawari] that he declined the offer of British officials to visit his family in Peshawar which was the nearest city of India to Kabul. When he was asked to have any intention of returning India? He said "I would return to India when it is free and the first thing I shall do will be to throw a bomb on my own house as my family is so poor-spirited as to live in slavery..."}}</ref> As expressed by viceroy [[Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst|Lord Hardinge]] in a communiqué sent to [[Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe|Lord Crewe]], the [[Secretary of State for India|Secretary for India]], he did not think the "Foreign Office in London sufficiently appreciated the difficulties" which the government in British India was facing with its Muslim subjects over Turkey.<ref name="Rauf"/> The news of the European aggression against the Turks was met with strong public support for the Ottoman Empire; in the North-West Frontier Province, a relief fund was established to which ordinary civilians contributed generously, providing financial assistance to the ailing Turks.<ref name="Rauf"/> At MAO College, an educational institution whose roots lay in the Islamic renaissance-inspired [[Aligarh Movement]], there was great sympathy for the Turkish cause.<ref name="Rauf"/> A meeting was held at the college during which it was decided that a team of medics from Aligarh would be assembled and dispatched to Turkey to provide medical aid, as well as assist wounded Turkish soldiers on the war front.<ref name="Rauf"/>

The delegation, known as the "People's Mission to the Ottoman Empire,"<ref name="Yusufzai"/> was put together by Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari and consisted of 24 members, comprising five doctors and 19 supporting [[medic]]s.<ref name="Rauf"/><ref name="Wasti2"/> [[Abdur Rahman Siddiqui]] and [[Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman]] were amongst the members.<ref name="Turkey1968"/><ref name="Rauf"/> One of the original objectives of the mission was also to provide medical attention to the ailing Ottoman [[List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire|Sultan]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Indian Muslims' Services to Afghanistan & Turkey (1901–1929)|author=Noor ul Amin and Babar Shah|journal=Al-Idah|publisher=[[University of Peshawar#Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre|Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre]]}}</ref> Peshawari, who himself was a passionate Muslim nationalist,<ref name="AA"/><ref name="Rauf"/> immediately volunteered for the cause as a [[paramedic]] and decided to quit his studies.<ref name="Rauf"/> Aged around 26 at the time,<ref name="AA"/> he sold off his personal belongings in order to raise funds for the traveling and did not initially contact his family – visiting them only before he was to depart,<ref name="Sajid"/> as he was certain that his father, who wanted him to strictly pursue his education, would not have approved his decision.<ref name="AA"/><ref name="Rauf"/> Since he did not have experience as a medic, he completed a training course in paramedicine and first aid to qualify for the mission.<ref name="Sajid"/> In 1912, he and his team sailed aboard an Italian ship ''Sardegna'' from [[Bombay]] on 15 December 1912 for the Ottoman capital [[Istanbul]],<ref name="AA"/> amidst a mammoth public sendoff arranged earlier at Delhi's [[Jama Masjid, Delhi|Jama Masjid]], where the atmosphere was charged with the speech of [[Hakim Ajmal Khan]].<ref name="Hakim">{{cite book|author=Zafar Ahmad Nizami|title=HAKIM AJMAL KHAN|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Kk-DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT56|date=27 August 2016|publisher=Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting|isbn=978-81-230-2644-2|pages=56}}</ref> This trend continued across stations in India wherever the team stopped and traveled throughout the first two weeks of December.<ref name="Hakim"/> The mission was hailed by notable Muslim figures like [[Shibli Nomani]], [[Mohammad Ali Jauhar]]<ref name=Wasti/> and [[Abul Kalam Azad]].<ref name="Hakim"/> The sentiments of the people were appropriately encapsulated by Ansari thus: "It was the first time that the Muslims of India had collectively sent a mission for helping Muslims abroad during the British rule."<ref name="Hakim"/> It docked at Aden and Suez, where the team were greeted with cheering crowds, before changing ships at [[Alexandria]], and arriving at Istanbul two weeks later.<ref name=Wasti/>

During the course of their assignment in Turkey which lasted six months,<ref name="Hakim"/> the activities of the medical mission received press coverage and the Ottoman Sultan reportedly invited the team to his palace to thank them for their contributions.<ref name="Rauf"/> Peshawari also joined the [[Ottoman Red Crescent Society]], which brought financial aid from Muslims in British India and provided medical equipment and relief to Ottoman soldiers engaged in the Balkans.<ref name="AA"/> The mission was covered positively back home by Indian newspapers, especially ''[[Al-Hilal (newspaper)|Al-Hilal]]''.<ref name=Wasti398/> When the delegation returned to British India, a meeting was held in Bombay to welcome its members. It was attended by eminent Muslim leaders, including [[Altaf Hussain Hali]].<ref name="Turkey1968"/>

==Military career==
Following the end of the Balkans conflict, the members of the medical delegation had returned to the subcontinent by 4 July 1913.<ref name="Ahmed2017"/><ref name="Hakim"/> Peshawari, however, decided to stay back in Turkey, becoming a [[Turkish nationality law|naturalised citizen]] and serving the country for his remaining lifetime.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Rauf"/><ref name="Turkey1968">{{cite book|author=Turkey|title=Turkey and Pakistan; Relations Between Turks and Muslims of Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VMUBAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=Pakistan Publications|page=42|quote=Abdur Rahman Peshawari, a member of the Mission, did not return with Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari and became a naturalized citizen of Turkey. He dedicated the rest of his life to the service of the Turkish nation...}}</ref> He joined the [[Ottoman Army (1861–1922)|Ottoman Army]] as a lieutenant. Another colleague of Peshawari's from the medical mission, Mirza Abdul Qayyum, also joined the Turkish forces; Abdul Qayyum would later be killed during World War I.<ref name="Wasti2">{{cite journal|title=The 1912–13 Balkan Wars and the Siege of Edirne|url=http://mmf2.ogu.edu.tr/atopcu../index_dosyalar/DersDisi/ODTUWasti/BalkanWars.pdf|first=Syed Tanvir|last=Wasti|access-date=9 July 2020|archive-date=9 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809111423/http://mmf2.ogu.edu.tr/atopcu../index_dosyalar/DersDisi/ODTUWasti/BalkanWars.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Peshawari was trained closely by [[Rauf Orbay]], whom he is said to have regarded as a "younger brother".<ref name=Wasti398>{{cite journal|title=The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars|author=Syed Tanvir Wasti|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=45|year=2009|issue=3|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263200902853389|pages=398–9|doi=10.1080/00263200902853389|s2cid=144991589|url-access=subscription}}</ref> He received military training first in Istanbul and then in [[Beirut Vilayet|Beirut]], until [[Ottoman entry into World War I|World War I started]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pan-Islamism and the North West Frontier Province of British India (1897-1918)|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233868765|author=Abdul Rauf|page=31|journal= Perceptions-Journal of International Affairs}}</ref><ref name="Yusufzai"/><ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Rauf"/>

===World War I===
{{See also|Ottoman Empire during World War I}}
At the start of World War I, Peshawari was deployed to the [[Dardanelles]] as part of the Ottoman Army's [[Gallipoli campaign]] in the [[Middle Eastern theatre of World War I|Middle Eastern theatre]], and commanded a military contingent. He proved his gallantry, partaking in several battles against the [[Allies of World War I|Allied Powers]].<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Rauf"/> He was wounded thrice during the war while fighting against the [[Royal Navy|Royal British Navy]].<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="AA"/> Eventually, the Ottomans won the Gallipoli campaign and repelled the invading forces.<ref name="AA"/>

===Turkish War of Independence===
When the Ottoman Empire suffered losses in World War I and Istanbul [[Occupation of Constantinople|came under the occupation]] of the Allies, Peshawari became part of the [[Turkish War of Independence]] led by [[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] who, as head of the [[Turkish National Movement]], established a [[Government of the Grand National Assembly|provisional government in Ankara]] aiming for the restoration of Turkish sovereignty. These events accompanied the gradual [[dissolution of the Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="Rauf"/> Peshawari was one of numerous Pashtun and British Indian Muslims who served in the Turkish Army during that war.<ref name="Ahmed348">{{cite book|author=Faiz Ahmed|title=Afghanistan Rising|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6A4DwAAQBAJ&q=Pe%C5%9Faveri|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-98216-1|pages=348}}</ref> Eventually, he witnessed the establishment of an independent Turkish Republic.<ref name="AA"/>

==Journalism==
Peshawari had a brief career in journalism. He became one of the earliest reporters of Turkey's [[Anadolu Agency]], shortly after it was founded in 1920 during the war of independence.<ref name="Sajid"/> He was the news agency's first foreign affairs officer.<ref name="AA"/> Working alongside its renowned founders [[Halide Edib Adıvar]] and [[Yunus Nadi Abalıoğlu]], Peshawari was based in a small office where he covered news stories on wartime events in [[Anatolia]] as a correspondent. As described impressionably in Abalıoğlu's memoirs, he would work with only one finger "flying" over a [[typewriter]].<ref name="AA"/>

==Diplomatic career==
In 1920, Peshawari was appointed by the Turkish government as its first ever<ref name="Sohail"/> envoy to [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="AA"/> The reason for the appointment was twofold: to strengthen Turkey's [[Afghanistan–Turkey relations|ties with Afghanistan]], as both countries were fighting for independence from European imperialism, and for Turkey to receive information about conditions in Afghanistan.<ref name="Ahmed175">{{cite book|author=Faiz Ahmed|title=Afghanistan Rising|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6A4DwAAQBAJ&q=Pe%C5%9Faveri|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-98216-1|pages=175–6}}</ref> Peshawari was personally chosen by Kemal Atatürk due to his knowledge of the region (especially the [[Durand Line|Indo-Afghan frontier]]) and because he was well known in the Turkish Army.<ref name="Ahmed175"/> Additionally, due to his heritage in Peshawar, he was fluent in both [[Pashto]] and [[Persian language|Persian]], the two national languages of Afghanistan; he was also fluent in English.<ref name="Sajid"/>

Peshawari arrived in Kabul in 1921, passing via [[Erzerum]] and [[Moscow]], and delivered a letter from Atatürk to the monarch [[Amanullah Khan]].<ref name="Ahmed175"/> His post was titled as a "[[Chargé d'affaires|special envoy]]".<ref name="Ahmed175"/> He served in the position until June 1922, following which the post was converted into a full-fledged ambassadorial role due to the Turkish Republic's independence.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Ahmed2017">{{cite book|author=Faiz Ahmed|title=Afghanistan Rising|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r6A4DwAAQBAJ&q=Pe%C5%9Faveri|date=6 November 2017|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-98216-1|pages=176, 185, 186, 348|quote=Fahreddin's tenure as Ankara's representative in Kabul (1922–1926) coincided with Turkey's transition from a multiethnic empire to a secular republic. It also followed Abdurrahman Peşaveri's inaugural post as the Anatolian resistance's special representative to Kabul (1920–1922) and Cemal's tenure as lead trainer of the new Afghan army (1920–1921).}}</ref> During his tenure in [[Kabul]], he promoted bilateral relations by financing various development projects, particularly in the field of education.<ref name="Rauf"/> He was succeeded by [[Fakhri Pasha]].<ref name="Ahmed2017"/>

==Political views==
Described as a "revolutionary" in early Turkish sources,<ref name="Ahmed175"/> Peshawari neither married nor ever returned home to Peshawar, refusing to abandon Turkey until the time that it was fully liberated from foreign occupation.<ref name="Sajid"/> Later when he became the Turkish envoy in Afghanistan, he maintained close contacts with members of the [[Provisional Government of India]] based in exile in Kabul, who sought to achieve the Indian subcontinent's independence from the British Empire, a cause that he fully supported. He was such a staunch supporter of the [[Indian independence movement|independence movement]] that he reportedly declined an offer from the British authorities to visit his hometown of Peshawar, vowing not to set foot on the subcontinent so long as it remained part of the [[British Raj]] – despite the fact that Peshawar, located just across the border, was the closest city of British India to Kabul.<ref name="Rauf"/> He extended his support to independence activists like [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]].<ref name="Rauf"/>

==Assassination==
In 1925, Peshawari was shot in the back during an assassination attempt in Istanbul.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="AA"/><ref name="Rauf"/> He remained hospitalised for a month but died from his injuries.<ref name="Sajid"/> His death was mourned in Turkey, British India and Afghanistan.<ref name="Rauf"/> Peshawari's assassination is supposed to have been a case of mistaken identity; [[Rauf Orbay]], the politician and naval commander who served as Turkey's first [[Prime Minister of Turkey|prime minister]] after the independence war, had been the intended target of the [[Armenians in Turkey|Armenian]] shooter.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Rauf"/> Peshawari reportedly bore a close physical resemblance to Orbay, whom he was also acquainted with personally,<ref name="Sajid"/> and was mistaken for him by the killer.<ref name="Sajid"/><ref name="Rauf"/> He is buried in Istanbul.<ref name="Sajid"/> His material possessions, which included his medals, uniform, and personal diary were handed over to his brother Abdul Aziz, but were confiscated by the British authorities in India.<ref name="Sajid"/>

==Legacy==
In 1979, Peshawari's younger brother, Muhammad Yusuf, published a book called ''Ghazi Abdur Rehman Peshawari Shaheed'', chronicling the elder brother's life. The younger brother had collected materials documenting the elder brother's life over a number of years. He had originally requested [[Abdul Qadir (Muslim leader)|Sir Abdul Qadir]] to author the book, who gave the project to his student [[Hafeez Hoshiarpuri]]. Hoshiarpuri completed a partial manuscript, before passing the task to [[Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri]] who finally completed the book.<ref name=Wasti>{{cite journal|title=The Indian Red Crescent Mission to the Balkan Wars|author=Syed Tanvir Wasti|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=45|year=2009|issue=3|pages=393–406|doi=10.1080/00263200902853389|s2cid=144991589|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00263200902853389|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

During a state visit to Pakistan in 2016, Turkish president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] publicly acknowledged Peshawari's legacy and services to his adopted nation during a speech to a joint session of the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Pakistani parliament]].<ref name="Yusufzai"/> He highlighted him as one of many notable figures featuring in the [[Pakistan–Turkey relations|historically close relationship]] between modern Pakistan and Turkey.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2016/11/erdogan-remembers-allama-iqbal-abdur-rehman-peshawari/|title=Erdogan remembers Allama Iqbal, Abdur Rehman Peshawari|work=Samaa News|access-date=6 June 2020|date=17 November 2016|first=Monis Bin|last=Ali|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606173712/https://www.samaa.tv/news/2016/11/erdogan-remembers-allama-iqbal-abdur-rehman-peshawari/|archive-date=6 June 2020}}</ref>

In January 2021, it was reported that Pakistan and Turkey would jointly produce a historical television series titled ''Lala Turki'' based on Peshawari's life. The series would also depict the contribution that Muslims from the subcontinent had in Turkey's independence struggles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1186388|title=Are you ready for a Pak-Turk TV series? 'Lala Turki' based on the Khilafat Movement is in the works|work=Dawn Images|date=14 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|first=Maliha|last=Rehman}}</ref> Pakistan's prime minister [[Imran Khan]] discussed the project with leading Turkish director [[Kemal Tekden]]. The series will be a joint venture between Tekden Films and Pakistan's Ansari Films.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-turkey-mull-joint-tv-series-turk-lala/2102692|title=Pakistan, Turkey mull joint TV series Turk Lala|work=Anadolu Agency|first=Islamuddin|last=Sajid|date=8 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/tv-series-to-show-asian-muslims-role-in-balkan-wars|title=TV series to show Asian Muslims' role in Balkan wars|work=Anadolu Agency|date=10 January 2021|access-date=15 January 2021|first=Islamuddin|last=Sajid}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|British Empire|Turkey}}
* [[Foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire]]
* [[History of Peshawar]]
* [[Khilafat Movement]]
* [[Muslim nationalism in South Asia]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*''[https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/ghazi-abdur-rahman-shaheed-peshawari-abu-salman-shahjahanpuri-ebooks Ghazi Abdur Rahman Shaheed Peshawari]'', by Abu Salman Shahjahanpuri (Urdu)
* {{cite news|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/169635|title=AA'nın ilk çalışanı Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey|work=Anadolu Agency|date=4 April 2014|access-date=7 June 2020|language=tr|first=Uğur|last=Aslanhan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707085956/http://aa.com.tr/tr/yasam/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/169635|archive-date=7 July 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite web|url=http://turknostalji.com/haber/turk-ordusuna-girmek-icin-ceketini-satan-hintli-650.html|title=Türk ordusuna girmek için ceketini satan Hintli|work=Turk Nostalji|language=tr|access-date=7 June 2020|date=21 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115225110/http://turknostalji.com/haber/turk-ordusuna-girmek-icin-ceketini-satan-hintli-650.html|archive-date=15 January 2013}}
* {{cite news|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75890|title=AA'nın ilk çalışanı Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey – Fotoğraf 1|language=tr|work=Anadolu Agency|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095907/http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75890|archive-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75891|title=AA'nın ilk çalışanı Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey – Fotoğraf 2|language=tr|work=Anadolu Agency|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095847/http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75891|archive-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75894|title=AA'nın ilk çalışanı Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey – Fotoğraf 3|language=tr|work=Anadolu Agency|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510101410/http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75894|archive-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|url=http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75895|title=AA'nın ilk çalışanı Peşaverli Abdurrahman Bey – Fotoğraf 4|language=tr|work=Anadolu Agency|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510095901/http://aa.com.tr/tr/pg/foto-galeri/aanin-ilk-calisani-pesaverli-abdurrahman-bey/0/75895|archive-date=10 May 2017|url-status=live}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box|title=[[Turkish Ambassador to Afghanistan]]|before='''Post created'''|after=[[Fakhri Pasha]]|years=1920–1922}}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peshawari, Abdur Rahman}}
[[Category:1886 births]]
[[Category:1925 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Peshawar]]
[[Category:Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College alumni]]
[[Category:Emigrants from British India]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:Turkish people of Indian descent]]
[[Category:Turkish Muslims]]
[[Category:Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars]]
[[Category:Ottoman military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Ottoman Army personnel]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Istanbul]]
[[Category:Indian military personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Indian revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Turkish revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Turkish military personnel of the Turkish War of Independence]]
[[Category:Turkish nationalists]]
[[Category:Turkish nurses]]
[[Category:Paramedics]]
[[Category:Turkish war correspondents]]
[[Category:Diplomats from Istanbul]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of Turkey to Afghanistan]]
[[Category:Assassinated Turkish diplomats]]
[[Category:Deaths by firearm in Turkey]]
[[Category:People murdered in Turkey]]

Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games

2025-12-20T17:23:21Z

LashayFmm33111: added a post...

{{short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Featured list}}
{{2010 Commonwealth Games}}

The '''[[2010 Commonwealth Games]] venues''' were all located in the host city of [[Delhi]].

== Competition venues ==
{{multiple image
| direction = vertical
| image1 = Netball at CWG 2010, India vs Jamaica.jpg
| caption1 = The [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]] hosted netball during the games
| image2 = Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium CWG opening ceremony.jpg
| caption2 = The [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, New Delhi|Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex]] seen during the [[2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony|opening ceremony]] of the games
| image3 = RK Khanna Tennis Complex New Delhi - Centre Court at Night.jpg
| caption3 = Tennis was held at the [[R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex]] during the games
| align =
| total_width =
| alt1 =
}}
Events took place at twelve competition venues, and twenty venues were set aside as training venues. A total of five venues were newly constructed for the Games and these were the [[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]], the [[Siri Fort Sports Complex]], the [[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]], the [[Yamuna Sports Complex]] and [[Delhi University Stadium]]. The largest venue was the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], which had a capacity of 60,000 during the Games. The stadium was the main venue of the Games, hosting both the [[2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony|opening]] and the [[2010 Commonwealth Games closing ceremony|closing]] ceremonies. On the other hand, the [[CRPF Shooting Range]] located in Kadarpur had the smallest seating capacity, at 345.

{{location map+|India Delhi|float=center|width=700|caption=Locations of the Venues for the 2010 Commonwealth Games|places=

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.439056963655673|long=77.09035134062619|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''CRPF Shooting Range'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.58474497563083|long=77.16376221805493|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Delhi University Stadium'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.58474497563083|long=77.16376221805493|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Delhi University Stadium'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.499674237981157|long=77.26739618390904|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.656304519844603|long=77.15497966393018|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.70013529840012|long=77.19937701240676|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Indira Gandhi Sports Complex'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.569585249895358|long=77.26842682363277|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.652222793302684|long=77.07867830369693|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.52758963849601|long=77.13230449537684|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''R. K. Khanna Tennis Complex'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.458908792962806|long=77.19884978970333|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Siri Fort Sports Complex'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.727122219387628|long=77.1004431232242|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Talkatora Indoor Stadium'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.611163878954322|long=77.03253039244709|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Thyagaraj Sports Complex'''</div>}}

{{Location map~|India Delhi|lat=28.66308975896683|long=77.31156673458739|label=<div style="font-size:90%;">'''Yamuna Sports Complex'''</div>}}
}}

=== Indoor ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="790px"
! colspan="2" width="36%" |Venue
! width="31%" |Sports
!Capacity
! width="15%" |Type
! class="unsortable" width="5%" | Ref.
|-
| colspan="2" |[[CRPF Shooting Range]]||[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]]
|345|| align="center" bgcolor="#90ee90" | Renovated || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/crpf_shooting_range_kadarpur|title=CRPF Shooting Range, Kadarpur {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Delhi University Stadium]]||[[Rugby sevens at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Rugby sevens]]
|10,132|| rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffef00" | New || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/delhi_university_0|title=Delhi University {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=14 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414110531/http://d2010.thecgf.com/delhi_university_0|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range]]||[[Shooting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Shooting]]
|500; 1,000; 2,000|| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/dr_karni_singh_shooting_range|title=Dr. Karni Singh Shooting Range {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=6 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106194125/http://d2010.thecgf.com/dr_karni_singh_shooting_range|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Talkatora Stadium|Talkatora Indoor Stadium]]||[[Boxing at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Boxing]]
|3,035
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium]]||[[Aquatics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Aquatics]]
|5,178|| rowspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#90ee90" | Renovated || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/dr_sp_mukherjee_swimming_stadium|title=Dr. S.P. Mukherjee Swimming Stadium {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |[[Indira Gandhi Sports Complex]]
|[[Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium|Indoor Stadium]]
|[[Gymnastics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Gymnastics]]
|14,348|| rowspan="3" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/indira_gandhi_sports_complex|title=Indira Gandhi Sports Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=15 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115192932/http://d2010.thecgf.com/indira_gandhi_sports_complex|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Indira Gandhi Indoor Cycling Velodrome|Velodrome]]
|[[Cycling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Cycling]] (Track)
|4,000
|-
|[[K.D. Jadhav Indoor Stadium|Wrestling Stadium]]
|[[Wrestling at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Wrestling]]
|6,932
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex]]
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]||[[Athletics at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Athletics]] (Track and field)
|60,000|| rowspan="2" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/jawaharlal_nehru_sports_complex|title=Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=5 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905141240/http://d2010.thecgf.com/jawaharlal_nehru_sports_complex|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Sports Complex Auditorium|Auditorium]]
|[[Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Weightlifting]]
|2,500
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Dhyan Chand National Stadium|Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium]]||[[Hockey at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Hockey]]
|19,118; 2,500|| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/major_dhyan_chand_national_stadium|title=Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[R. K. Khanna Tennis Complex]]||[[Tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Tennis]]
|5,015|| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/rk_khanna_tennis_complex|title=R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28|archive-date=23 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723053758/http://d2010.thecgf.com/rk_khanna_tennis_complex|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Siri Fort Sports Complex]]||[[Badminton at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Badminton]], [[Squash at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Squash]]
|4,748; 3,128
| align="center" bgcolor="#ffef00" | New || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/siri_fort_sports_complex|title=Siri Fort Sports Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Thyagaraj Sports Complex]]||[[Netball at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Netball]]
|4,494
| rowspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffef00" | New || align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/thyagaraj_sports_complex|title=Thyagaraj Sports Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |[[Yamuna Sports Complex]]||[[Archery at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Archery]], [[Table tennis at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Table tennis]]
|4,297|| align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://d2010.thecgf.com/yamuna_sports_complex|title=Yamuna Sports Complex {{!}} XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi|website=d2010.thecgf.com|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
|[[Lawn bowls at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Lawn bowls]]
|2,111
|Renovated
|
|}

=== Outdoor ===

* Free Church Sansad Marg Complex - Athletics (marathon, racewalking)
* [[Noida–Greater Noida Expressway]] - Cycling (road)

== Commonwealth Games Village ==
{{Main|2010 Commonwealth Games Village}}
[[File:The Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Dr. M.S. Gill meeting the members of North Ireland, during his visit to the Commonwealth Games Village, in New Delhi on September 29, 2010.jpg|thumb|Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, Dr. [[M. S. Gill|M.S. Gill]] meeting the members of [[Northern Ireland]] at the Games Village]]
The Commonwealth Games Village provided accommodation and training for athletes of the Games, and was open from 23 September to 18 October 2010. It was located along the east bank of the [[Yamuna]] river, in proximity to competition and training venues as well as city landmarks, and was spread over an area of {{convert|63.5|ha|acre}}. Comprising five main zones—the Residential Zone, the International Zone, the Training Area, the Main Dining and the Operational Zone—the Games Village, which was a non-smoking zone,<ref name="Other Features">{{Cite web | title = Other Features | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/other_features | access-date = 1 October 2010 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927051008/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/other_features | archive-date = 27 September 2010 }}</ref> was universally accessible particularly to accommodate [[disabled sports|para-sport]] athletes.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Games Village | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/games_village | access-date = 1 October 2010 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927033142/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/games_village | archive-date = 27 September 2010 }}</ref> Two transport systems, provided free of charge, served athletes and team officials in the Games Village. The Internal Village Shuttle provided internal movement within the Games Village, operating 24 hours daily. Bus services linked the Games Village to competition and training venues, [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|the airport]], and the city centre, [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]].<ref>{{Cite web | title = Transport | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/transport | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100925202355/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/transport | url-status = usurped | archive-date = 25 September 2010 | access-date = 1 October 2010 }}</ref>

The Residential Zone specifically accommodated athletes and team officials, with 1,168 apartments in 34 residential towers. Each apartment had two to five bedrooms, giving 4,008 bedrooms in total; each bedroom accommodated two residents which differed from the traditional practice of providing athletes with a bedroom each. The entire zone itself was divided into four zones, styled after four unique folk art styles found in India as identified by a colour and an image: [[warli]] (red), [[Gondi people|gond]] (blue), madhubani (green) and [[sanjhi]] (purple). Nine Resident Centres, each serving hundreds of residents, were spaced across the residential towers, and they provided key services and facilities as well as entertainment. The Residential Zone also housed offices and services centres for the [[Commonwealth Games Associations]], a [[polyclinic]], religious services and casual dining facilities.<ref>{{Cite web | title = Residential Zone | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/residential_zone | access-date = 1 October 2010 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927032044/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/residential_zone | archive-date = 27 September 2010 }}</ref>

The International Zone served as the hub of the Games Village, offering retail and entertainment services as well as a rendezvous location for visitors and Games participants. Key facilities such as a bank, post office and general store were hosted there, alongside retail shops and entertainment facilities including a cinema and an [[Internet café]]. Live craft demonstrations, band performances and cultural programmes were also held at the Village.<ref>{{Cite web | title = International Zone | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/international_zone | access-date = 1 October 2010 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927032034/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/international_zone | archive-date = 27 September 2010 }}</ref> The Training Area, a zonal area by itself with an area of {{convert|15|ha|acre}}, provided training facilities entirely within the Games Village, in what has been described as a first in the history of the Commonwealth Games. There were facilities for four sports, including a [[track and field]], wrestling and weightlifting training halls and an [[Olympic-size swimming pool|Olympic-size pool]]. A fully equipped gymnasium and fitness centre, steam and sauna facilities, physiotherapy rooms, as well as a leisure pool complemented the sport-specific facilities.<ref name="Training Area">{{Cite web | title = Training Area | publisher = Commonwealth Games Organising Committee | url = http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/training_area | access-date = 1 October 2010 | url-status = usurped | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100927033312/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/training_area | archive-date = 27 September 2010 }}</ref>

The Games Village was said to have adopted green features, in line with the [[2010 Commonwealth Games#Green Games|'Green Games' principle]] of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, and it showcased and practiced [[sustainable development]] principles and practices. An in-house waste water treatment and reuse facility, [[organic waste]] treatment facilities, and [[solar power|solar powered energy]] were among the environmentally friendly practices adopted by the Delhi 2010 Commonwealth Games Organising Committee Headquarters (OC CWG Delhi 2010). At the same time, most of the transport fleet provided for the Games ran on [[green fuels]] such as [[battery electric vehicle]]s and [[compressed natural gas]]. Residents and guests could also offset travel-accumulated [[carbon emission]]s by computing their [[carbon footprint|footprint]] and then procuring [[carbon credit]]s at the specifically created Green Games Carbon Neutrality Kiosk. The [[World Anti-Doping Agency]] set up an anti-doping education hub in collaboration with the organisers.<ref name="Other Features" />

== Other venues ==
[[File:Pragati Maidan, Hall 6.JPG|thumb|200px|A number of venues, including the Main Media Centre of the games, was situated close to [[Pragati Maidan]], the largest exhibition centre in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite news | first=Sumant | last=Banerji | title=When carmakers come to Delhi, even Pragati Maidan falls short of space | newspaper=[[The Indian Express]] | date=9 January 2008 }}</ref>]]There were three main non-competition venues in the Games, besides the Commonwealth Games Village (see [[Venues of the 2010 Commonwealth Games#Commonwealth Games Village|above]]); namely the OC CWG Delhi 2010, the Main Media Centre, and the Games Family Hotel, Hotel Ashok. Situated in the [[New Delhi Municipal Council]] building in Connaught Place, the OC CWG Delhi 2010's office was spread over nine floors of the building, with a capacity to accommodate a workforce of over 1,200. The design of the building's interiors was intended to display 21st century India, described as an "amalgamation of tradition and technological advancement".

The Main Media Centre of the 2010 Commonwealth Games managed media-related activities, and comprised the International Broadcasting Centre and the Main Press Centre. It was set up in close proximity to the Games Village and the main venues at [[Pragati Maidan]]. State owned agencies managed both centres, with host broadcaster [[Prasar Bharti]] managing the International Broadcasting Centre and the Press Information Bureau managing the Main Press Centre. It was believed that by the time the Games are held, New Delhi would stop [[Analog signal|analogue broadcast]] and begin [[digital broadcast]] through a conditional access system, for which it is the first city in India to do so.

On 4 June 2009, a [[Memorandum of Understanding]] (MOU) was signed between OC CWG Delhi 2010 and the [[India Tourism Development Corporation]] which officially recognised Hotel Ashok as the Games Family Hotel. Following a major facelift, the hotel served as host to members of Commonwealth Games Associations, the CGF, International Sports Federations, the [[Indian Olympic Association]] as well as technical delegates. Also, Hotel Ashok hosted the facilitation offices of OC CWG Delhi 2010 and the CGF, with all events, meetings and conferences held there.

== {{anchor|Concerns}} Concerns over readiness and state of venues ==
{{Main|Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}

Numerous concerns and controversies surfaced before and during the games which received media attention locally and internationally. Delays in the construction of the Games' venues were linked to corruption involving the Organising Committee. A number of infrastructural problems also occurred; these were highlighted by the collapse of a footbridge and the [[drop ceiling]] of the weightlifting venue. Less than two weeks before the opening ceremony, Commonwealth Games chief [[Mike Fennell]] wrote to the [[Indian Cabinet]] secretary, urging action in response to the Games Village being "seriously compromised." He said that although team officials were impressed with the international zone and main dining area, they were shocked by the state of accommodation.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Sanjoy |last=Majumder |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11379020 |title=Delhi Games village 'unfit for athletes' |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=21 September 2010 |access-date=20 October 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021064444/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-11379020 |archive-date=21 October 2010 }}</ref> The [[BBC]] published photographs of the Games Village depicting the poor state of living quarters.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Commonwealth Games: Athletes' village photos |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |date=23 September 2010 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9025907.stm |access-date=20 October 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101018163200/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/commonwealth_games/delhi_2010/9025907.stm |archive-date=18 October 2010 }}</ref>

A number of countries expressed concern about unliveable conditions,<ref>{{Cite news | first = Rumu | last = Banerjee | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Commonwealth-Games-Village-unliveable-complain-four-countries/articleshow/6595540.cms | title = Commonwealth Games Village unliveable, complain four countries | newspaper = [[The Times of India]] | date = 21 September 2010 | access-date = 20 October 2010 | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101024090426/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Commonwealth-Games-Village-unliveable-complain-four-countries/articleshow/6595540.cms | archive-date = 24 October 2010 }}</ref> with ''[[The Times of India]]'' reporting that the [[Scotland at the 2010 Commonwealth Games|Scottish delegation]] apparently submitted a photograph of a dog defecating on a bed in the Games Village.<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/events-tournaments/commonwealth-games/top-stories/Now-smaller-teams-consider-withdrawal-from-Commonwealth-Games/articleshow/6605483.cms | title = Now, smaller teams consider withdrawal from Commonwealth Games | newspaper = The Times of India | date = 22 September 2010 | access-date = 20 October 2010}}</ref> Secretary general of the Organising Committee Lalit Bhanot countered the complaints of poor sanitation when he claimed that cultural differences accounted for differing standards of cleanliness in India and the western world. He was subsequently ridiculed by both the Indian and international media.<ref name="abcsanitation">{{cite web |url=http://abclive.in/abclive_sports/cwg/sanitation_standard_cwg_2010.html |title=Indian Sanitation Standard Vs Western Sanitation @ Commonwealth Games 2010 |last=Ramesh |first=Kapoor |date=21 September 2010 |publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=22 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923084804/http://abclive.in/abclive_sports/cwg/sanitation_standard_cwg_2010.html |archive-date=23 September 2010 }}</ref>

On the other hand, England's Chef de mission [[Craig Hunter]] praised the Games Village, remarking that "the Commonwealth Games Village here [in Delhi] is better than the [[2008 Summer Olympic|Beijing Olympics]]".<ref>{{Cite news|title=Delhi Games Village better than Beijing: English Chef de mission |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-Games-Village-better-than-Beijing-English-Chef-de-mission/Article1-600985.aspx |date=16 September 2010 |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |location=New Delhi |access-date=20 October 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021070232/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Delhi-Games-Village-better-than-Beijing-English-Chef-de-mission/Article1-600985.aspx |archive-date=21 October 2010 }}</ref> Bhanot claimed that the Games Village was "world-class" and "probably one of the best ever."<ref name="abcsanitation" /> Canadian [[Secretary of State (Sport)]] [[Gary Lunn]] supported the Games as well, claiming the Canadian delegation would "not get influenced by the negative publicity" surrounding the games. He added the difficulties faced by large events are often exaggerated by the media, as Canada had found during the [[2010 Winter Olympics|Vancouver Winter Olympics]] earlier in the year.<ref>{{cite news|title=After delay in sending athletes, Canada minister supports CWG|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/news/After-delay-in-sending-athletes-Canada-minister-supports-CWG/articleshow/6632480.cms|date=26 September 2010|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=20 October 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100930030727/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games-2010/news/After-delay-in-sending-athletes-Canada-minister-supports-CWG/articleshow/6632480.cms|archive-date=30 September 2010}}</ref>

==See also==

*[[List of Commonwealth Games venues]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|2010 Commonwealth Games venues}}
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100925202406/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/venues Venues]}} – Delhi 2010 official site
* {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20100925201138/http://www.cwgdelhi2010.org/games_village Games Village]}} – Delhi 2010 official site

{{Sports at the 2010 Commonwealth Games}}
{{2010 Commonwealth Games venues|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:2010 Commonwealth Games venues|*]]
[[Category:Lists of sports venues in India]]
[[Category:Venues of the Commonwealth Games|2010]]

Adish Praveen

2025-12-20T12:23:28Z

LashayFmm33111: started stub...

{{short description|Indian actor (born 2008)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Adish Praveen
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2008|08|04}}
| birth_place = [[Perumbavoor]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| other_names =
| occupation = Actor
| years_active = 2015—present
| awards = [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist]]
| notable_works =
}}
'''Adish Praveen''', also known as '''Master Adish''' (born 4 August 2008) is an [[India]]n actor working in the [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam film industry]], known for films such as ''[[Iblis (film)|Iblis]]'' (2018), ''[[Kunju Daivam]]'' (2018) and ''[[Driving Licence (film)|Driving License]]'' (2019){{efn|Multiple resources based on movies.<ref>
{{cite news
|title = Iblis movie review: A riot of colour
|url =
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/040818/iblis-movie-review-a-riot-of-colour.html

|publisher = deccanchronicle
|date = 4 August 2018
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|title = Kunju Daivam movie review: Adish steals the show in Kunju Daivam
|url =
https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/180218/kunju-daivam-movie-review-adish-steals-the-show-in-kunju-daivam.html

|publisher = deccanchronicle
|date = 18 February 2018
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|title = Driving Licence movie review: Prithviraj is terrific in a captivating drama on pride and pettiness, fandom and fury
|url = https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/driving-licence-movie-review-prithviraj-is-terrific-in-a-captivating-drama-on-pride-and-pettiness-fandom-and-fury-7814391.html
|publisher = firstpost
|date = 22 December 2019
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref>
}}.
He won the [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist|National Award for Best Child Artist]] in 2017 for the film ''[[Kunju Daivam]]''.<ref>
{{cite news
|title = National Award winner 'Kunju Daivam' to release in November

|url = http://m.timesofindia.com/articleshow/61160897.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst

|publisher = timesofindia
|date = 21 October 2017
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite news
|title = National Award winner Kunju Daivam has a quiet release
|url = https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news/national-award-winner-kunju-daivam-has-a-quiet-release/articleshow/62998687.cms
|publisher = timesofindia.indiatimes
|date = 20 February 2018
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref>

==Filmography==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Role
!Note
!{{refh}}
|-
|2015
|''[[Ben (2015 film)|Ben]]''
|Chaami
|Debut film
|<ref>
{{cite news
|title = Tackling questions of belief
|url = https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/tackling-questions-of-belief/article7328973.ece
|publisher = thehindu
|date = 18 June 2015
|accessdate = 1 October 2024
|language = English
}}
</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2|2016
|''[[Oru Muthassi Gadha]]''
|Pittosh
|
|
|-
|''[[Kattappanayile Rithwik Roshan]]''
|Young Kichu
|
|
|-
|rowspan=6|2018
|''[[Street Lights (film)|Street Lights]]''
|Mani
|
|
|-
|''[[Kunju Daivam]]''
|Joseph / Ousepachan
|{{Won}} [[National Film Award for Best Child Artist]]
|<ref name="64thaward">{{cite press release|title=64th National Film Awards|url=http://www.dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|publisher=Directorate of Film Festivals|access-date=7 April 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606051143/http://dff.nic.in/writereaddata/NFA64PressNote2016.pdf|archive-date=6 June 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|''Chakkaramavin Kombath''
|Kuttu
|
|
|-
|''[[Mohanlal (film)|Mohanlal]]''
|Sabu
|
|
|-
|''[[Iblis (film)|Iblis]]''
|Musthafa
|
|
|-
|''[[Thattumpurath Achuthan]]''
|Kunjoottan
|
|
|-
|rowspan=3|2019
|''[[Margamkali (film)|Margamkali]]''
|School student
|
|
|-
|''[[Manoharam (2019 film)|Manoharam]]''
|Young Prabhu
|
|
|-
|''[[Driving Licence (film)|Driving Licence]]''
|Jinto
|
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Big Brother (2020 film)|Big Brother]]''
|Young Khani
|
|
|-
|2022
|''[[Sundari Gardens]]''
|Kanthan
|
|
|-
|2023
|''Uppumaavu''
|
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2024
|''[[Idiyan Chandhu]]''
|Young Chandhu
|
|
|-
|''[[Pallotty 90's Kids]]''
|Bubblegum Subhish
|
|
|-
|2025
|''[[Abhilasham]]''
|Young Ajesh
|
|
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|nm7713448}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Praveen, Adish}}
[[Category:2008 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Indian male child actors]]
[[Category:Best Child Artist National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Artists from Kerala]]

Defence Colony

2025-11-09T01:29:54Z

LashayFmm33111: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Defence Colony
| nickname = Def Col
| alt_name =
| settlement_type = [[neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighborhood of Delhi]]
| pushpin_map = India New Delhi
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Delhi, India
| coordinates = {{coord|28.57|77.23|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = Delhi
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[South East Delhi]]
| subdivision_type3 = Metro
| subdivision_name3 = New Delhi
| established_title = 
| established_date = 1960
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| population_total = 8000-10000
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = [https://www.worldpostalcodes.org/en/india/pin-code/110024 110024]
| blank3_name_sec1 = [[Municipal governance in India|Urban Local Body]]
| blank3_info_sec1 = [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi|MCD]]
| official_name = Defence Colony
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 =
}}
'''Defence Colony''' is a neighbourhood in the [[South East Delhi district]] of [[Delhi]], India. It was built in the 1960s for [[veteran]]s of the [[Indian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{cite web | title = South Delhi's property prices down by 20–35%, Defence Colony and Vasant Vihar worst hit|publisher=The Economic Times|url = http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news/41937957_1_south-delhi-defence-colony-crore|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130912034654/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-09-10/news/41937957_1_south-delhi-defence-colony-crore|url-status = dead|archive-date = 12 September 2013|date=10 September 2013| access-date = 24 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Singh2005">{{cite book|author=Onkar Singh|title=Indian ex-servicemen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rMpKgM9YxC0C&pg=PA108|year=2005|publisher=Krishna Prakashan Media|isbn=978-81-7933-175-0|pages=108–}}</ref> It serves as the administrative headquarters of the [[South East Delhi district|South East Delhi]] district of Delhi.

It is popular for being centrally located to all major parts of the city, its well-maintained parks, broad streets, active community clubs, and notable residents from entertainment and politics.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-06-26 |title=India property: the green oasis of New Delhi's Defence Colony |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/999977c8-1513-11e5-a587-00144feabdc0 |access-date=2023-05-08}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Defence Colony is home to many restaurants, [[Coffeehouse|coffee shops]], art galleries and, shops.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rough Guide to India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kAMik_6LbwUC&pg=PA125|access-date=24 September 2013|year=2003|publisher=Rough Guides|isbn=978-1-84353-089-3|pages=125–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|title=Rude Food: in the food lanes of Delhi
|publisher=Hindustan Times
|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Rude-Food-in-the-food-lanes-of-Delhi/Article1-1115461.aspx
|author=Vir Sanghvi
|date=31 August 2013 |access-date=24 September 2013
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930070254/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Brunch/Brunch-Stories/Rude-Food-in-the-food-lanes-of-Delhi/Article1-1115461.aspx
|archive-date=30 September 2013
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=9 February 2020|first=Reema|last=Gehi|title=The who's who of India's art scene|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/the-whos-who-of-indias-art-scene/articleshow/74033265.cms|access-date=21 June 2020|website=Mumbai Mirror|language=en}}</ref>

==Overview==
Defence Colony was created in the aftermath of the [[Partition of India|partition in 1947]] and was built on the vast lands of the Kotla Mubarakpur village.<ref>{{cite news |title=How Delhi’s urban villages turned into no-plan land |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/how-delhi-s-urban-villages-turned-into-no-plan-land/story-wI6PqbrcETuM3eqnZ59xWP.html |work=Hindustan Times |location=New Delhi |date=8 April 2019 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Residents’ body using Lodi-era tomb as office, Delhi High Court seeks explanation |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/residents-body-using-lodi-era-tomb-as-office-delhi-high-court-seeks-explanation/story-1SRW3zacRgKvmZ9z4714EN.html |work=Hindustan Times |location=New Delhi |date=26 July 2018 |access-date=8 November 2025}}</ref> Newly independent India allotted land to resettle serving Indian military officers whose homes lay across the new border in Muslim-majority [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{cite news |title=India property: The green oasis of New Delhi's Defence Colony |url=https://www.ft.com/content/999977c8-1513-11e5-a587-00144feabdc0 |work=Financial Times |date=26 June 2015 |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> Besides its central location within Delhi, the locality is also known for the wide variety of cuisines offered by its many restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Restaurants in Defence Colony |url=https://www.zomato.com/ncr/defence-colony-delhi-restaurants?sort=da&category=2&place_name=Defence+Colony%2C++India |website=Zomato |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Restaurants in Defence Colony |url=https://www.tripadvisor.in/Restaurants-g304551-zfn21002110-New_Delhi_National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhi.html |website=Tripadvisor |language=en-IN |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Restaurants in Defence Colony, South Delhi |url=https://www.eazydiner.com/delhi-ncr/restaurants/defence-colony-south-delhi |website=EazyDiner |access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref>

Defence Colony Welfare Association Club, commonly referred to as Defence Colony Club was established in 1976 as Defence Colony Ex. Services Institute, however, was renamed in 1980 and functions under the Defence Colony Welfare Association.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Club |publisher=Defence Colony Welfare Association Club |url=http://www.defencecolonyclub.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20&Itemid=191 |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927220538/http://www.defencecolonyclub.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=20&Itemid=191 |archive-date=27 September 2013 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Welcome to Defence Colony(WA) Club |url=https://dcwa.club/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=dcwa.club}}</ref>

==Historic monuments==
Close to the main Defence Colony market inside a roundabout stands the [[octagon]]al tomb of Shaikh Ali, known as "Gumti of Shaikh Ali". Built-in the 15th-century [[Lodhi dynasty]]-era, near the historic area of [[Kotla Mubarakpur]], it housed two graves inside the tomb until the early 20th-century, which are now long gone. The tomb has housed the Defence Colony Welfare Association (DCWA) office since 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colony welfare office in Lodi-era tomb |publisher=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Colony-welfare-office-in-Lodi-era-tomb/Article1-1073283.aspx |date=8 June 2013 |access-date=24 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930064721/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Colony-welfare-office-in-Lodi-era-tomb/Article1-1073283.aspx |archive-date=30 September 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title = Present Condition of Gumti of Shaikh Ali at Defence Colony market round about| publisher = Government of Delhi| url = http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_shahjahanabad/DoIT_Shahjahanabad/Home/Ongoing+Projects/Present+Condition+of+Gumti+of+Shaikh+Ali+at+Defence+Colony+market+round+about| access-date = 24 September 2013| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130927134911/http://delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_shahjahanabad/DoIT_Shahjahanabad/Home/Ongoing+Projects/Present+Condition+of+Gumti+of+Shaikh+Ali+at+Defence+Colony+market+round+about| archive-date = 27 September 2013| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=28 September 2018|title=Residents' body using Lodi-era tomb as office, Delhi high court seeks explanation|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/residents-body-using-lodi-era-tomb-as-office-delhi-high-court-seeks-explanation/story-1SRW3zacRgKvmZ9z4714EN.html|access-date=21 June 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

==Transportation==
Defence Colony is accessible by many means of public transport including [[auto rickshaw]], taxi, [[Delhi Transport Corporation]] buses as well as the [[Delhi Metro]]. The closest metro station to most of Defence Colony is [[Lajpat Nagar metro station|Lajpat Nagar]], which is an interchange station between the [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet Line]] and [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink Line]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Nearest Metro Station to Defence Colony Delhi - YoMetro |url=https://yometro.com/metro-station-near-defence-colony-delhi |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=YoMetro : Metro Travel Guide |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Lajpat Nagar metro station |url=https://www.delhimetrorail.com/station/LJPN |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.delhimetrorail.com}}</ref> For some parts of the Defence Colony, it is closer to walk to the [[South Extension metro station]], which is on the [[Pink Line (Delhi Metro)|Pink Line]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=South Extension metro station |url=https://www.delhimetrorail.com/station/SOEN |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.delhimetrorail.com}}</ref> To the Northeast of Defence Colony is the [[Sewa Nagar railway station]] of the [[Delhi Suburban Railway#Delhi Ring Railway|Delhi Ring Railway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nearest Railway Stations to Defence Colony |url=https://trainspy.com/nearestrailwaystations/DEFANCE-COLONY-Delhi-South-Delhi |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=trainspy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sewa Nagar railway station |url=https://www.redbus.in/trains/stations/sewa-nagar-swnr |website=Redbus}}</ref>

To the South, Defence Colony is bounded by the [[Ring Road, Delhi|Ring Road]]. To its east and west are Lala Lajpat Rai Marg and Bhishma Pitamah Marg respectively. The North of Defence Colony is bounded by the tracks of the [[Delhi Suburban Railway#Delhi Ring Railway|Delhi Ring Railway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Map of Defence Colony |url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/delhi/defence-colony.html |website=Mapsofindia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence Colony |url=https://southdelhiprime.com/neighborhood/know-your-colony-kyc/defence-colony/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=South Delhi Prime |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Defence Colony in South Delhi |url=https://www.delhionline.in/city-guide/defence-colony-delhi |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.delhionline.in}}</ref>

==Education==
*[[South Delhi Public School]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=South Delhi Public School l Defence Colony l New Delhi |url=http://www.southdelhipublicschool.com/ |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=www.southdelhipublicschool.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-29 |title=Delhi school events: SDPS conducts online activities & competitions |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/delhi-school-events-bosco-public-school-organises-annual-event-101617001086704.html |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
* Dr Radhakrishnan International School<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-29 |title=Delhi school events: Dr. Radhakrishnan International School, Defence Colony, organises special function |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-school/delhi-school-events-25-schools-take-pledge-for-better-air-quality-in-ghaziabad/story-bkZSvqPc19cPqHNGkgL01I.html |access-date=2023-05-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== Places of worship ==

* Gurudwara Shri Guru Singh Sabha
* Shri Radha Krishna Mandir
* Arya Samaj
* Shiv Mandir
* Defence Colony Jama Masjid
* [[St. Luke's Church, New Delhi|St. Luke's Church]]

== Healthcare ==
* Nehru Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nigam |first=Chayyanika |date=21 April 2020 |title=Defence Colony residents object to new Covid-19 hospital |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/mail-today/story/defence-colony-residents-object-to-new-covid-19-hospital-1669198-2020-04-21 |access-date=21 June 2020 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

==Notable people==

===Live/lived in Defence Colony===
*[[Vishal Uppal]], Indian national tennis player<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Kamesh |date=12 August 2019 |title='I learnt to embrace whatever came my way': former tennis player Vishal Uppal |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/tennis/i-learnt-to-embrace-whatever-came-my-way/article28986347.ece |access-date=21 June 2020 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
* [[Rohit Bal]], Indian fashion designer<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2017 |title=Fashion designer Rohit Bal arrested from Defence Colony following fight with neighbour |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/fashion-designer-rohit-bal-arrested-from-defence-colony-following-fight-with-neighbour-4855946/ |access-date=21 June 2020 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Nafisa Ali]], former Miss India<ref>{{Cite web |title=The extraordinary life and times of Nafisa Ali Sodhi |url=https://www.femina.in/celebs/indian/the-life-and-times-of-nafisa-ali-sodhi-61961.html |access-date=21 June 2020 |website=femina.in |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Sidharth Malhotra]], actor<ref>{{cite web |date=31 January 2014 |title=The Kid's Alright |url=https://www.gqindia.com/content/kids-alright |access-date=1 September 2020 |website=gqindia.com}}</ref>
* [[Rabinder Singh (intelligence officer)|Rabinder Singh]], intelligence officer
* [[Sonal Mansingh]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Neighborhoods of Delhi}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]
[[Category:District subdivisions of Delhi]]
[[Category:South East Delhi district]]

Rangoli Gardens

2025-11-03T03:33:38Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Infobox museum
| name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| logo = Rangoli Gardens logo (2025).png
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur, Bangalore (2024).jpg
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = Sculptures of Rangoli Gardens in 2024
| map_type =
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| map_dot_label =
| coordinates = {{coord|13.067542921940657|77.61069175912543|display=inline,title}}
| established = {{start date|2018|03|27|df=y}}
| location = Inside Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Rural Energy and Development, Srirampura Cross, Rachenahalli, [[Jakkuru]], Bengaluru, Karnataka 560064
| type = Model arts heritage village
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections = Sculptures
| collection_size = 1000+
| visitors =
| founder =
| executive_director =
| deputy_director =
| leader_type =
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| owner = [[Government of Karnataka]]
| employees =
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| website = {{URL|https://rangoligardens.in/}}
| network =
| embedded = 
}}

'''Rangoli Gardens''' is a model arts heritage village, located in [[Jakkur]], Bangalore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 22, 2024 |title=Know Your City: A slice of rural Karnataka in Bengaluru’s Jakkur |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/bangalore/rural-karnataka-bengaluru-jakkur-rangoli-gardens-model-village-9283161/ |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bringing a slice of rural life to the city |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bringing-a-slice-of-rural-life-to-the-city-1145296.html |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=May 7, 2013 |title=Rangoli is the new place to hang out in Bangalore |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/rangoli-is-the-new-place-to-hang-out-in-bangalore/article4690077.ece |access-date=2025-11-02 |work=[[The Hindu]] |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Rangoli Gardens documents how rural people of Karnataka lived, 100 to 200 years ago. This village exhibits more than 1,000 life-size sculptures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nair |first=Susheela |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Bengaluru’s Rangoli Gardens offers a fascinating peek into Karnataka’s rural past |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/karnataka/bengaluru-s-rangoli-gardens-offers-fascinating-peek-karnataka-s-rural-past-167227 |access-date=2025-11-02 |website=[[The News Minute]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Media gallery==
{{Gallery
|title=Rangoli Gardens in 2024
|width=130 | height=130 |mode=nolines
|File:Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur, Bangalore (2024) 274.jpg
|File:Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur, Bangalore (2024) 255.jpg
|File:Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur, Bangalore (2024) 321.jpg
|File:Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur, Bangalore (2024) 54.jpg
}}

==See also==
*[[Rangoli]]
*[[Art and culture of Karnataka]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Rangoli Gardens, Jakkur}}

[[Category:Museums in Bengaluru]]

Mohammed Fayazuddin

2025-10-15T03:10:19Z

LashayFmm33111: New New Entry!

{{Short description|Indian architect}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox architect
| name = Mohammed Fayazuddin
| honorific_suffix = [[FRIBA]]
| awards = [[Padma Shri]] (1977)
| alma_mater = [[Architectural Association School of Architecture]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1903|09|22}}
| death_date = {{death year and age|1977|1903}}
| image = M. Fayazuddin.jpg
}}

'''Mohammed Fayazuddin Nizami''' (22 September 1903 - 1977) was an Indian architect and town planner.<ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news |date=2015-02-09 |title=Fayazuddin: the architect behind Ravindra Bharathi |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/fayazuddin-the-architect-behind-ravindra-bharathi/article6876792.ece |access-date=2023-06-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-01-22 |title=Architect Robert Stephens presents the Patrick Geddes reading room, and rediscovers the work of Hyderabad's town planner Mohammed Fayazuddin |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/architect-robert-stephens-presents-the-patrick-geddes-reading-room-and-rediscovers-the-work-of-hyderabads-town-planner-mohammed-fayazuddin/article26059809.ece |access-date=2023-06-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Padma Shri]] in 1977.<ref name="award70-79">{{cite web |date=21 May 2014 |title=Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014) |url=http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914220252/http://www.mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/YearWiseListOfRecipientsBharatRatnaPadmaAwards-1954-2014.pdf |archivedate=14 September 2017 |accessdate=22 March 2016 |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs (India) |pages=37–72}}</ref>

Born in Hyderabad, he studied at the [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] in Mumbai and [[Architectural Association School of Architecture]], England. He returned to India in 1934 and started working for the government of [[Hyderabad State]]. His major projects in Hyderabad include the [[State Bank of Hyderabad]] building (1952), [[Gandhi Bhavan, Hyderabad|Gandhi Bhavan]] (1956), [[Ravindra Bharathi]] (1961), and the [[Salar Jung Museum]] building (1968).

== Early life and education ==
Born into one of the noble families of Hyderabad, he was the second son of Nawab Muqayyaruddin. He had three brothers Afzaluddin, Naseeruddin and Yousufuddin. His brothers Afzaluddin and Yousufuddin were architects. After completing his early education at the [[Government City College, Hyderabad|City College]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/sep/07/100-yrs-of-city-college-once-prestigious-now-forgotten-2355205.html|newspaper=[[The New Indian Express]]|title=100 years of City College: Once prestigious, now forgotten|first=Mayank|last=Tiwari|date=2021-09-07|access-date=2024-12-28}}</ref> he studied at the [[Sir J. J. School of Art]] and later went on to study at the [[Architectural Association School of Architecture]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=100 years of City College: Once prestigious, now forgotten |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/hyderabad/2021/sep/07/100-yrs-of-city-college-once-prestigious-now-forgotten-2355205.html |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=The Leading Lights of ITPI: Their Mission and Profession over the Sixty Years |url=https://www.itpi.org.in/uploads/pdfs/golden-book.pdf}}</ref>

== Career ==
[[File:Founding members of the Institute of Town Planners, India.png|thumb|Founding members of the Institute of Town Planners, India. Fayazuddin is seated fourth from left]]
[[File:President Rajendra Prasad inaugurates the new building of Hyderabad State Bank.jpg|thumb|Fayazuddin hands the keys to President of India [[Rajendra Prasad]] as he inaugurates the [[State Bank of Hyderabad]] building, 1956]]
In 1934, he returned to Hyderabad and took up a job as a town planner. He designed the master plan for the city of [[Bahawalpur]].{{fact|date=July 2025}}

His initial projects include various bungalows and residences, including his own residence Alhambra, Sayyid Naqi Bilgrami mansion, and the residence of [[Ali Yavar Jung]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1946 |title=Sayyid Naqi Bilgrami Mansion |url=https://dome.mit.edu/handle/1721.3/21719 |language=en|last1= Fayyazuddin|first1= Muhammad | accessdate=16 July 2025}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

He was a founding member of the Institute Of Town Planners, India, and became its first president in 1951.<ref name="The Hindu"/><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=The Leading Lights of ITPI: Their Mission and Profession over the Sixty Years |url=https://www.itpi.org.in/uploads/pdfs/golden-book.pdf}}</ref> When the directorate of town planning was established, he became the Chief Town Planner, and later Director of Town Planning. He retired from the position in 1963.<ref name=":1" />

His major projects in Hyderabad include the [[State Bank of Hyderabad]] building (1952), [[Gandhi Bhavan, Hyderabad|Gandhi Bhavan]] (1956), and [[Ravindra Bharathi]] (1961). His last major project was the new building of the [[Salar Jung Museum]], completed in 1968.<ref name=":2" />

== List of works ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Name
!Image
!Year
!Notes
!Ref
|-
|Alhambra
|[[File:Alhambra1 Hyderabad.jpg|200x200px]]
|
|Residence of the architect himself. Demolished in the 1990s
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Ali Yavar Jung mansion
|[[File:Ali Yawar Jung Mansion, Banjara Hills.png|200px]]
|
|Residence of [[Ali Yavar Jung]]
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|Sayyid Naqi Bilgrami mansion
|[[File:Sayyid Naqi Bilgrami Mansion, Banjara Hills.png|200px]]
|
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|-
|[[Sarathi Studios]] building
|[[File:Sarathi studios, Ameerpet.jpg|200px]]
|1936
|Residence of [[Kishen Pershad|Maharaja Kishen Pershad]]
|<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2018-04-02 |title=A house for Maharaja Kishen Pershad in Hyderabad |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/a-house-for-maharaja-kishen-pershad-in-hyderabad/article23413947.ece |access-date=2023-06-10 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
|-
|[[State Bank of Hyderabad]] building
|[[File:SBH main building at Gunfoundry full.JPG|200x200px]]
|1952
|
|<ref name=":2">{{cite book |last=Khalidi |first=Omar |url=https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf |title=A Guide to Architecture in Hyderabad, Deccan, India |year=2009 |pages=181, 182–183, 185, 234, 238 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200313131458/https://libraries.mit.edu/img/libs/rotch/HyderabadGuide_2009.pdf |archive-date=2020-03-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
|[[Gandhi Bhavan, Hyderabad|Gandhi Bhavan]]
|
|1956
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Maulana Azad Library]]
|[[File:Maulana Azad Library, AMU.jpg|200x200px]]
|1960
|
|<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[Ravindra Bharathi]]
|[[File:Ravindra Bharathi on State Formation Day 2018.jpg|200x200px]]
|1961
|
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|[[Salar Jung Museum]] building
|[[File:Salar Jung Museum, Hyderabad, India.jpg|200x200px]]
|1968
|
|<ref name=":2" />
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}{{2000s Padma Shri Award Recipients in Science & Engineering}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fayazuddin, Mohammed}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad State]]
[[Category:People from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian architects]]

Haltu

2025-09-23T10:37:14Z

LashayFmm33111: cleanup

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Haltu
|official_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type = Neighbourhood in Kolkata (Calcutta)
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|pushpin_map = India Kolkata#India West Bengal#India
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Kolkata
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
|subdivision_type2 = City
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Kolkata district|Kolkata]]
|subdivision_type4 = [[Kolkata Metro|Metro Station]]
|subdivision_name4 = [[Kavi Sukanta metro station|Kavi Sukanta]]
|government_type = [[Municipal Corporations in India|Municipal Corporation]]
|governing_body = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]]
|parts_type = [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation|KMC]] wards
|parts = [[Ward No. 104, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|104]], [[Ward No. 105, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|105]], [[Ward No. 106, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|106]], [[Ward No. 107, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|107]], [[Ward No. 109, Kolkata Municipal Corporation|109]]
|established_title = 
|established_date =
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|area_footnotes =
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|population_density_km2 = auto
|demographics_type1 = Languages
|demographics1_title1 = Official
|demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
|timezone = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|utc_offset = +5:30
|coordinates = {{coord|22.5048|N|88.3885|E|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code = 700075, 700078, 700099
|area_code_type = Telephone code
|area_code = +91 33
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Kolkata Dakshin (Lok Sabha constituency)|Kolkata Dakshin]] and [[Jadavpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Jadavpur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Jadavpur]]
|website =
|footnotes =
}}

'''Haltu''' is a neighbourhood of [[South Kolkata]] in [[West Bengal]], [[India]]. It is mainly a residential area surrounded with [[Kasba, Kolkata|Kasba]], [[Jadavpur]], [[Dhakuria]], [[Kalikapur, Kolkata|Kalikapur]] and Selimpur.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/kolkata/haltu.html|title=Map of Haltu|publisher=Maps of India|access-date=}}</ref>

==Transport==
Garfa Main Road and Kalikapur Road intersect here. The area is well connected with Kolkata's Bus network.

===Bus===
====Private Bus====
* 1 [[Garden Reach|Ramnagar]] - [[Mukundapur, Kolkata|Mukundapur]]
* 212 [[Howrah Station]] - Palbazar
* SD8 Bibirhat - Nandi Bagan

===Train===
[[Ballygunge Junction railway station]], [[Dhakuria railway station]] and [[Jadavpur railway station]] are the nearest railway stations.

==Education==
List of educational institutions situated in Haltu area are:
* Haltu High school for boys
* Haltu High school for girls
* Haltu Kishalaya Sikhsha Sadan
* Academy for Musical Excellence

==Markets==
Haltu neighbourhood has two well known markets.
* Haltu Bazar
* Ramlal Bazar

==See also==
*[[Jadavpur]]
*[[Garfa]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods in South Kolkata}}
{{Kolkata neighbourhoods}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Kolkata]]

Michael John (trade unionist)

2025-08-30T11:26:22Z

LashayFmm33111:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
'''Michael John''' (29 November 1903 – 3 August 1977) was an Indian trade unionist and politician from [[Tamil Nadu]].

Born in the [[Vepery]] area of [[Chennai]], John was educated at Doveton College, then worked in industry in [[Jamshedpur]]. In 1928, he led a strike at the Tinplate Company, working closely with [[Subhash Chandra Bose]].<ref name="obituary">{{cite news |title=Michael John is dead |work=Times of India |date=4 August 1977}}</ref> He continued his trade union activities, and was imprisoned for them in 1941, and then in 1942 was imprisoned for participating in the [[Quit India Movement]], remaining in prison until 1945. On release, he was elected to the [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]].<ref name="whowaswho">{{cite book |title=Eminent Indians Who Was Who, 1900-1980 |date=1985 |publisher=Durga Das |pages=198–199}}</ref>

John served as president of several unions in [[Bihar]], [[Bengal]] and [[Orissa]].<ref name="obituary" /> From 1948, he served as president of the Bihar unit of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]] (INTUC).<ref name="whowaswho" /> From 1952 to 1953, and again from 1960 to 1962, he served as overall president of INTUC. He was also president of the [[Indian National Metalworkers' Federation]] and the [[Indian National Mineworkers' Federation]].<ref name="union">{{cite news |title=Michael John |work=International Trade Union News |date=1 September 1977}}</ref>

John served on the [[All India Congress Committee]] for many years, and he was active in the [[ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation]].<ref name="union" /> From 1957 to 1962, he represented Bihar in the [[Rajya Sabha]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Directory and Year Book |date=1971 |publisher=Times of India |page=793}}</ref> He also helped [[Rajendra Prasad]] write his autobiography.<ref name="whowaswho" /> In 1971, two bombs were thrown at John's car, but he was unharmed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Attempt on life of INTUC leader |work=Times of India |date=10 May 1971}}</ref> He died in 1977, following a lengthy illness.<ref name="obituary" />

==References==
<references />

{{start box}}
{{s-npo|union}}
{{succession box|title=President of the Tata Workers' Union|years=1947–1977|before=[[Abdul Bari (professor)|Abdul Bari]]|after=V. G. Gopal}}
{{succession box|title=President of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]]|years=1952–1953|before=[[Khandubhai Kasanji Desai]]|after=[[S. R. Vasavada]]}}
{{succession box|title=President of the [[Indian National Trade Union Congress]]|years=1960–1962|before=[[Gopala Ramanujam]]|after=[[Maitreyee Bose]]}}
{{succession box|title=President of the [[Indian National Mineworkers' Federation]]|years=1952–c.1974|before=''Union founded''|after=Kanti Mehta}}
{{succession box|title=President of the [[Indian National Metal Workers' Federation]]|years=1959–1977|before=''Union founded''|after=V. G. Gopal}}
{{end box}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:John, Michael}}
[[Category:1903 births]]
[[Category:1977 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians]]
[[Category:Indian trade union leaders]]
[[Category:Members of the Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:People from Chennai]]

Diocese of Berhampur

2025-08-24T07:30:39Z

LashayFmm33111: put up new data

{{Short description|Roman Catholic diocese in Orissa, India}}
{{no footnotes|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Diocese
|name = Berhampur
|latin = Dioecesis Berhampurensis
|country = {{flag|India}}
|metropolitan = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar|Cuttack–Bhubaneswar]]
|province = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar|Cuttack–Bhubaneswar]]
|rite = [[Latin Church|Latin Rite]]
|cathedral = Cathedral of the Queen of the Missions in [[Brahmapur, Odisha]]
|cocathedral =
|parishes = 43
|established = 24 January 1974
|area_km2 = 51,289
|population = 9,161,000
|population_as_of = 2012
|catholics = 125,241
|catholics_percent= 1.4
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|bishop = [[Sarat Chandra Nayak]]
|metro_archbishop = John Barwa
|coadjutor =
|auxiliary_bishops=
|map = Map of Roman Catholic Diocese of Berhampur.png
}}

The '''Roman Catholic Diocese of Berhampur''' ({{langx|la| Berhampuren(sis)}}) is a [[diocese]] located in the city of [[Berhampur]] in the [[ecclesiastical province]] of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cuttack-Bhubaneswar|Cuttack-Bhubaneswar]] in India.

==History==
* 24 January 1974: Established as Diocese of Berhampur from the Diocese of Cuttack

==Leadership==
* [[Bishop]]s of Berhampur ([[Latin Church|Latin Rite]])
** Bishop Sarat Chandra Nayak (27 November 2006 – present)
** Bishop [[Joseph Das]] (3 May 1993 – 27 November 2006)
** Bishop [[Thomas Thiruthalil]], [[Lazarists|C.M.]] (24 January 1974 – 18 December 1989)

==Causes for canonisation==
* Servant of God Fr. Valerian Guemes, C.M

==References==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/berh0.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dberh.html Catholic Hierarchy]

{{coord|19.3129|N|84.7950|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Berhampur}}
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses in India]]
[[Category:Christian organizations established in 1974]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Orissa]]
[[Category:Christianity in Odisha]]
[[Category:Berhampur]]

{{India-RC-diocese-stub}}