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Simbaa

2026-05-07T22:59:59Z

LarueVesely77: Made pg

{{Short description|2024 Indian film by Murali Manohar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Simbaa
| image = Simbaa film poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Murali Manohar
| screenplay =
| writer = [[Sampath Nandi]]
| producer = {{plain list|
* Sampath Nandi
* Dasari Rajender Reddy
}}
| starring = {{plain list|
* [[Jagapathi Babu]]
* [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]]
}}
| cinematography = Krishna Prasad
| editing = Tammiraju
| music = Krishna Saurabh Surampalli
| studio = {{plain list|
* [[Sampath Nandi|Sampath Nandi Team Works]]
* Raj Dasari Productions
}}
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|08|09}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}

'''''Simbaa''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Crime film|crime]] [[Thriller film|thriller]] film directed by Murali Manohar and written by [[Sampath Nandi]]. Produced by [[Sampath Nandi|Sampath Nandi Team Works]] and Raj Dasari Productions, the film features [[Jagapathi Babu]] and [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] in lead roles, while Srinath Maganti, [[Vasishta N. Simha]], and [[Anish Kuruvilla]] play supporting roles<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Sanjiv |title=Simbaa: ఎయిర్ పొల్యూషన్‌తో 65 శాతం మరణాలు.. అదిరిపోయిన సూపర్ నాచురల్ థ్రిల్లర్ |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/simbaa-movie-with-air-pollution-deaths-anasuya-bharadwaj-jagapathi-babu-simbaa-movie-trailer-released-tollywood-121721887035218.html |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=Hindustantimes Telugu |language=te |archive-date=10 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810080806/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/simbaa-movie-with-air-pollution-deaths-anasuya-bharadwaj-jagapathi-babu-simbaa-movie-trailer-released-tollywood-121721887035218.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Simbaa'' was released on 9 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=24 July 2024 |title=Simbaa trailer: Anusuya Bharadwaj plays a socially conscientious teacher in the upcoming thriller-drama |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/24/simbaa-trailer-anusuya-bharadwaj-plays-a-socially-conscientious-teacher-in-the-upcoming-thriller-drama |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810080806/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2024/Jul/24/simbaa-trailer-anusuya-bharadwaj-plays-a-socially-conscientious-teacher-in-the-upcoming-thriller-drama |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Environmental activist T. Purushottam Reddy, known as Simbaa, fights against industrial pollution. After saving three lives, their collective journey of gratitude transforms into a determined quest for justice against those who harm Mother Nature.

Akshika, a dedicated teacher and caretaker for her disabled husband, is thrown into chaos when she suddenly murders a stranger. As ACP Anurag and journalist Fazil investigate, Fazil also develops a disturbing urge to kill and joins Akshika. Dr. Irani soon follows, leading the three to commit murder together.

==Cast==

* [[Jagapathi Babu]] as T. Purushottam Reddy aka Simmba
* [[Anasuya Bharadwaj]] as Akshika Anumula
* Srinath Maganti as Mohammed Fazil Ahmed
* [[Vasishta N. Simha]] as ACP Anurag Varma
* [[Anish Kuruvilla]] as Dr. Irani
* [[Gautami]]
* [[Kabir Duhan Singh]] as Parthasarathi Reddy
* Divi Vadthya
* [[Kasthuri Shankar]]
* Mayank Parakh
* Siddharth Gollapudi as Sabharwal

==Music==
{{Infobox album
| name = Simbaa
| type = soundtrack
| artist = Krishna Saurabh Surampalli
| released = 2024
| recorded = 2022{{ndash}}2024
| language = Telugu
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer = Krishna Saurabh Surampalli
}}

The film's [[soundtrack|soundtrack album]] and [[background score]] were composed by Krishna Saurabh Surampalli.<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 August 2022 |title='Prema Geema': First lyric video from 'Simbaa-The Forest Man' garners 1 million views |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/prema-geema-first-lyric-video-from-simbaa-the-forest-man-garners-1-million-views/articleshow/93372734.cms |access-date=10 August 2024 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=10 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810080805/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/music/prema-geema-first-lyric-video-from-simbaa-the-forest-man-garners-1-million-views/articleshow/93372734.cms |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = Krishna Saurabh Surampalli
| title1 = Prema Geema
| length1 = 3:06
| lyrics1 = Mittapalli Surender
| extra1 = Nithyashree Venkataramanan
| title2 = Simbaa Theme
| length2 = 3:44
| lyrics2 = Shree Annamayya
| extra2 = Yadu Krishnan K
}}

==Release and reception==
''Simbaa'' was released on 9 August 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=డెస్క్ |first=హెచ్ఎం డిజిటల్ |date=5 August 2024 |title=Simbaa: మొక్క‌లు నాటితే ఉచితంగా సినిమా టికెట్స్‌.. మూవీ యూనిట్ బంప‌రాఫ‌ర్‌..! |url=https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/take-a-selfie-while-planting-trees-and-get-a-telugu-simmba-movie-ticket-for-free-116917 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=hmtvlive.com |language=te |archive-date=10 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810080806/https://www.hmtvlive.com/movies/take-a-selfie-while-planting-trees-and-get-a-telugu-simmba-movie-ticket-for-free-116917 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Appreciating the storyline and performances of the main cast, BH Harsh of ''[[Cinema Express]]'' stated, "<bdi>high concept thriller goes haywire</bdi>".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harsh |first=B. H. |date=9 August 2024 |title=Simbaa Movie Review: This high concept thriller goes haywire |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/Aug/09/simbaa-movie-review-this-high-concept-thriller-goes-haywire |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=Cinema Express |language=en |archive-date=10 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240810080805/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2024/Aug/09/simbaa-movie-review-this-high-concept-thriller-goes-haywire |url-status=live}}</ref> ''[[The Hans India]]'' appreciated the ambition of the film, while opining that execution falls short. Further, the critic praised performances of the cast and the cinematography work done by Krishna Prasad.<ref>{{Cite web |last=hansindia |date=9 August 2024 |title='Simbaa' movie review: A unique concept worth a watch |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/simbaa-movie-review-a-unique-concept-worth-a-watch-80340 |access-date=10 August 2024 |website=thehansindia.com |language=te |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913105701/https://www.thehansindia.com/movie-reviews/simbaa-movie-review-a-unique-concept-worth-a-watch-80340 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|15576884|title=Simbaa}}

[[Category:2024 films]]
[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Films set in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian films about revenge]]
[[Category:2024 crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Indian crime thriller films]]
[[Category:Fictional portrayals of the Telangana Police]]

K. H. Ara

2026-05-07T10:23:30Z

LarueVesely77: creating a article

{{Short description|Indian painter (1914–1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox artist
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1914|04|16}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1985|06|30|1914|04|16}}
| birth_place = [[Bolarum]], [[Secunderabad]]
| alma_mater = [[Sir Jamsetjee Jeejebhoy School of Art|Sir J. J. School of Art]], [[Mumbai]]
| death_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]]
| notable_works = Two Jugs
| movement = [[Bombay Progressive Artists' Group|Progressive Artists' Group]]
| known_for = [[Painting]]
| image = K. H. Ara.png
}}

'''Krishnaji Howlaji Ara''' (16 April 1914 – 30 June 1985<ref name="theory.tifr">{{cite web|title=K. H. Ara|date=21 July 1997 |url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/leisure/art/kh-ara.html|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>) was an Indian painter and is seen as the first contemporary Indian painter to meticulously use the female nude as a subject.<ref name="saffronart">{{cite web|title=K. Ara - Profile|url=http://www.saffronart.com/artists/k--ara|publisher=Saffronart|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref> He was a part of the [[Progressive Artists' Group]] in [[Bombay]] and was a founder of the Artists' Centre in [[Mumbai]]. Opinions about Ara's works remain divided with his critics accusing them of lacking perfection and not referenced from life.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nude studies central to Indian art history |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-20/books/37058313_1_delhi-art-gallery-indian-art-nude-form|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411034651/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-02-20/books/37058313_1_delhi-art-gallery-indian-art-nude-form|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 April 2013|accessdate=1 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |date=20 February 2013}}</ref> In 2017, curator Qaroon Thapar 22 works of Ara in an exhibition in Mumbai called "Privately Ara".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/privately-ara-bombay-progressives-nudes-art-exhibition/18149155|title=Privately Ara|date=2017-04-09|website=mid-day|language=en|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ara was born in [[Bolarum]], [[Secunderabad]] in April 1914, the son of a [[chauffeur]]. His mother died when he was three and his father remarried. He ran away from home to [[Mumbai]] when he was seven. The city remained his home until his death in 1985.<ref name="saffronart" />
In Mumbai he earned a living by cleaning cars and later found employment with an English family as a [[houseboy]]. While employed he nevertheless found time to engage with his passion for painting and it soon caught the attention of first Rudy von Leyden, an [[art critic]] from the [[Times of India]], and then Walter Langhammer, the Editor of the [[Illustrated Weekly of India]]. Langhammer was so impressed by Ara's skill that had him enrolled at the [[J.J. School of Art]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Still waters run deep|url=http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071501890300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715145447/http://www.hindu.com/fr/2005/07/15/stories/2005071501890300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 July 2007|accessdate=1 March 2013|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|date=15 July 2005}}</ref>

Ara participated in the [[Salt Satyagraha]] during the [[Civil Disobedience Movement]] and was jailed for five months. He later found employment with a Japanese firm as a car cleaner.<ref name="theory.tifr" /> Later, on India's independence he created a large canvas depicting an Independence Day procession of a multitude of Indian people in exuberant celebrations.<ref>{{cite web|title=K.H.Ara|url=http://www.indianartcircle.com/arteducation/ara.shtml|publisher=Indian Art Circle|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>

== Career as an artist ==
Ara hosted his first solo show at the Chetana Restaurant in Bombay in 1942 which was a runaway success.<ref name="business-standard">{{cite news|title=The Ara conundrum|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/the-ara-conundrum-110061600042_1.html|accessdate=1 March 2013|newspaper=Business Standard|date=16 June 2010}}</ref> He joined the Progressive Artists' Group which included [[M F Hussain]], [[H. A. Gade|H A Gade]], [[S H Raza]], [[F.N. Souza|F N Souza]] and [[Sadanand Bakre]] in 1948. The group set up the Artists' Centre at [[Kala Ghoda]], behind the [[Prince of Wales Museum]]. He held several shows with the group but with Souza, Raza, Gade and Bakre leaving India, the group became undone. From 1948 to 1955, Ara held several solo and group shows in Mumbai, [[Ahmedabad]], [[Baroda]] and [[Calcutta]] and later had solo exhibitions across [[Eastern Europe]], [[Japan]], [[Germany]] and [[Russia]]. In 1963 he exhibited his "Black Nude" series in Mumbai and was part of the inaugural show at the Pundole Art Gallery.<ref name="saffronart" /> The Kumar Gallery, [[New Delhi]] acquired his works between 1955 and 1960.<ref>{{cite web|title=K.H. Ara - Biography|url=http://artistkhara.com/|accessdate=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130421225850/http://artistkhara.com/|archive-date=21 April 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Artistic style ==
Ara began his career doing [[Landscape art|landscapes]] and paintings on socio-historical themes but he is best known for his [[Still-life painting|still life]] and [[Nude (painting)|nude paintings]].<ref name="business-standard" /> Ara was the first contemporary Indian painter to focus on the female nude as a subject while staying within the limits of [[Naturalism in art|naturalism]]. Several of his works deal with still life and human figure studies. While he initially used [[watercolours]] and [[gouaches]], where his use of the [[impasto effect]] often made them resemble [[oil paintings]], he later moved on to the use of oil paints. Here his successful execution of thin [[pigmentation]] recalled his initial work with water colors as seen in the painting "Woman with Flowers".<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Masters- Krishnaji Howlaji Ara|url=http://www.indiaart.com/old-masters/Krishnaji-Ara/Info-of-Krishnaji-Ara.asp|publisher=India Art|accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref> Ara work reflected a deep influence of French modern artists, specially Paul Cezanne.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/_AJyoAcQsJnlKA|title=K.H. Ara and the TIFR Art Collection|website=Google Arts & Culture|language=en|access-date=2019-03-15}}</ref>

== Awards ==
Ara won the Governor's Award for painting in 1944 and a Gold Medal from the [[Bombay Art Society]] for his canvas "Two Jugs" in 1952.<ref name="saffronart" /> He also won the Windsor and Newton cash price, Bombay.<ref>{{cite web|title=K.H.Ara|url=http://www.apparaoart.com/artinfo/artist.php?artist_id=237|accessdate=1 March 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130407172220/http://www.apparaoart.com/artinfo/artist.php?artist_id=237|archive-date=7 April 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

== Criticism ==
Some of his critics have accused his paintings of being poorly executed and not referenced from life. The wrongly depicted [[female genitalia]] in some of his nudes have also drawn criticism with some viewers claiming that his paintings of groups of vases have greater voluptuousness than his nude forms.<ref name="business-standard" />

== Family and later life ==
Ara remained a lifelong [[bachelor]] and [[Asexuality|asexual]] as a person according to his adopted daughter Ruxana Pathan.<ref name="business-standard" /> Later in his career, Ara exhibited less and began to spend greater time at the Artists' Centre, where he often helped struggling artists from his personal funds. He lived in penury in the last decades of his life, far removed from the success he had enjoyed in the 1950s and 60s. Unlike Souza, Raza and Husain, his paintings have failed to emulate their renown or prices.<ref name="business-standard" /> Ara was part of the managing committee of the Bombay Art Society<ref name="saffronart" /> and later became a [[List of Lalit Kala Akademi fellows|Fellow of Lalit Kala Akademi]].<ref>{{cite web|title=List of Fellows |url=http://lalitkala.gov.in/list-of-fellows.html |publisher=Lalit Kala Akademi |accessdate=1 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327172429/http://lalitkala.gov.in/list-of-fellows.html |archivedate=27 March 2014 }}</ref> He died in Mumbai in 1985.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/k-h-ara/m0r8p5_k Profile on Google Arts & Culture]
{{Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ara, Krishnaji Howlaji}}
[[Category:Indian male painters]]
[[Category:Sir J. J. School of Art alumni]]
[[Category:1914 births]]
[[Category:1985 deaths]]
[[Category:Artists from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Lalit Kala Akademi]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian painters]]
[[Category:Painters from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male artists]]

Mantar Gowda

2026-04-28T15:04:38Z

LarueVesely77: Created New Article

{{Short description|Indian politician (born 1985)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Mantar Gowda
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 1985
| birth_place = Balagunda, [[Somawarpet]] taluk, [[Kodagu]] district, [[Karnataka]], India
| occupation = {{hlist|[[Radiologist]]|[[Politician]]}}
| children =
| party = [[Indian National Congress|INC]]
| education = [[Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences|KIMS, Bengaluru]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]], [[Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery|MBBS]])
| profession =
| sibling =
| website = {{URL|mantargowda.com}}
| signature =
| office = [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Madikeri Assembly constituency|Madikeri]]
| term_start = 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Appachu Ranjan]]
| successor =
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Karnataka|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
}}
'''Mantar Gowda''' (born 1985) is an Indian politician from [[Karnataka]]. He is a member of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]] from [[Madikeri Assembly constituency]] in [[Kodagu district]]. He represents [[Indian National Congress]] Party and won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-12 |title=Madikeri Election Results LIVE {{!}} Mantar Gowda of Congress defeats BJP's Appachu Ranjan - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/politics/madikeri-election-results-live-bjp-congress-16615521.htm |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Madikeri, Virajpet Election Result 2023: Congress' Mantar Gowda, AS Ponnanna Defeat Rival BJP |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/live-madikeri-virajpet-election-result-2023-karnataka-kodagu-roundwise-vote-counting-winners-list-article-article-100195938 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-05-13 |title=Mysore Assembly Constituency Result 2023 Highlights: Congress wins in Madikeri, Piriyapatna, Virajpet, Chamaraja and Narsimharaja; JD(S) gets Husur, Chamundeshwari |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/mysore-assembly-constituency-result-2023-highlights-l-nagendra-s-satheesh-tanveer-sait-bjp-jds-inc-mla-candidates-leading-vote-majority-winners/articleshow/100197920.cms |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Gowda is from [[Arkalgud|Arakalgud]], [[Hassan district]]. He is the son of [[A. Manju]], the JD (S) candidate who won from [[Arkalgud Assembly constituency|Arkalgud Assembly seat]] in Hassan.<ref name="Fathers, sons make history, to enter Karnataka assembly">{{cite news |title=Fathers, sons make history, to enter Karnataka assembly |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/fathers-sons-make-history-to-enter-state-assembly/articleshow/100238205.cms |access-date=29 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=15 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250329054014/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mysuru/fathers-sons-make-history-to-enter-state-assembly/articleshow/100238205.cms |archive-date=29 March 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-06 |title=Son gets ticket from Congress, while his father is a JD(S) candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/son-gets-ticket-from-congress-while-his-father-is-a-jds-candidate/article66706601.ece |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> He is the grandson of Sakamma, a philanthropist from Somwarpet. He resides in his ancestral home in Somwarpet. He married Divya, daughter of Narain, alias Madeyanda Narendra and Yashoda Bopanna, who served as Director of Karnataka SSLC Board. He completed his M.D. in radiology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Mantar Gowda(Indian National Congress(INC)):Constituency- MADIKERI(KODAGU) - Affidavit Information of Candidate: |url=https://www.myneta.info/Karnataka2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=7523 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=Congress candidate Dr Mantar Gowda Is 'Son-in-law' of Kodagu |url=https://www.coorgnews.in/general-news/congress-candidate-dr-mantar-gowda-is-son-in-law-of-kodagu/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=Coorg News |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Gowda won the [[2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Madikeri Assembly constituency]] representing [[Indian National Congress]]. He polled 84,879 votes and defeated his nearest rival and five time MLA, [[Appachu Ranjan]] of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] by a margin of 4,413 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr Mantar Gowda in Karnataka Assembly Elections 2023 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2023/karnataka/dr-mantar-gowda-madikeri-candidate-s10a208c011/ |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-13 |title=Madikeri Election Result 2023 Live: Inc Candidate Dr. Mantar Gowda Wins From Madikeri |url=https://news.abplive.com/elections/madikeri-election-result-2023-live-updates-constituency-vote-counting-result-winner-loser-name-bjp-congress-jds-karnataka-assembly-election-result-1601926 |access-date=2024-07-25 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref> He lost the election for legislative council for local bodies in 2021 on Congress ticket.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-06 |title=Son gets ticket from Congress, while his father is a JD(S) candidate |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/son-gets-ticket-from-congress-while-his-father-is-a-jds-candidate/article66706601.ece |access-date=2024-07-25 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="Karnataka council election results: BJP inching closer to a majority while Congress fights to retain its seats">{{cite news |last1= |first1= |title=Karnataka council election results: BJP inching closer to a majority while Congress fights to retain its seats |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/Dec/14/karnataka-council-election-results-bjp-inching-closer-to-a-majority-whilecongress-fightsto-retain-its-seats-2395446.html |access-date=29 March 2025 |publisher=The New Indian Express |date=14 December 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gowda, Mantar}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1985 births]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]

Tamal Roy Chowdhury

2026-04-25T16:50:55Z

LarueVesely77:

{{Infobox person
| name = Tamal Roy Chowdhury
| image = Cropped_Photo_of_Tamal_Roy_Chowdhury.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation =
| years_active =
| spouse =
| website =
}}

{{Short description|Indian actor (1946–2026)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
'''Tamal Roy Chowdhury''' (1946 – 9 March 2026) was an Indian actor from [[West Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cyril |first=Grace |date=9 March 2026 |title=Bengali Actor Tamal Roy Choudhury Passes Away At 80 In Kolkata After Cardiac Arrest |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/regional-cinema/bengali-actor-tamal-roy-choudhury-passes-away-at-80-in-kolkata-after-cardiac-arrest-ws-l-9951424.html |access-date=9 March 2026 |website=News18}}</ref>

Chowdhury acted in popular Bengali films like Challenge, Le Halua Le, Bindass, [[Amazon Obhijaan]] and [[Chander Pahar (film)|Chander Pahar]]'''.<ref name=":0" />'''

Chowdhury died on 9 March 2026, at the age of 80, due to cardiac arrest at his residence in South Kolkata when he was asleep. He had undergone a pacemaker implantation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-03-10 |title=Actor Tamal Roy Chowdhury no more |url=https://www.millenniumpost.in/bengal/actor-tamal-roy-chowdhury-no-more-651089 |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=millenniumpost.in |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tamal Roy Choudhury, known for The Namesake, dies at 80 |url=https://www.india.com/entertainment/tamal-roy-choudhury-known-for-the-namesake-dies-at-80-8336735/ |access-date=2026-03-09 |website=india.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0706829}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Tamal Roy}}
[[Category:1946 births]]
[[Category:2026 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian actors]]

Praveen Prem

2026-04-23T10:37:51Z

LarueVesely77: adding new article!

{{Short description|South Indian film actor (born 1984)}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Praveen Prem
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1984|04|21}}
|occupation = Actor
|years_active=2010{{Endash}}present
}}

'''Praveen Prem''' (born 21 April 1984) is an Indian actor who works predominately in Malayalam cinema in comedic roles. He is known for his roles in ''[[Tournament (film)|Tournament]]'' (2010) and ''[[7th Day (film)|7th Day]]'' (2014).

==Background and career==
A native of Maruthoorkadavu, [[Trivandrum]], Kerala, after secondary education Praveen obtained a certificate in film and video editing from the state-owned [[Keltron]]. He started his film career as an assistant editor to south Indian film editor [[Mahesh Narayanan]] in 2008. He assisted him for one year on several feature and advertising films. After he left editing, Praveen joined [[Soorya Krishnamoorthy]] to become part of his Soorya Theatre Group, appearing in amateur theatre plays in 2009. The two plays in which he appeared for Soorya{{mdash}}''Pulari'' and ''Sookshmacharcha''{{mdash}} helped in his transition to movie acting and were staged all over Kerala and Muscat. He received his first movie approach from Malayalam director [[Sathyan Anthikad]] in 2010.

He became a television anchor in 2013 on the cookery show ''Pacchamulaku'' shown on [[Media One TV]].<ref name=NIE>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/A-new-innings-for-Praveen-Prem/2013/07/16/article1685505.ece|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529104044/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/interviews/A-new-innings-for-Praveen-Prem/2013/07/16/article1685505.ece|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 May 2014|title=A new innings for Praveen Prem |publisher=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=16 July 2013|accessdate=29 May 2014}}</ref>

He began his acting career in 2010 in the [[Malayalam language]] film ''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/Praveen%20Prem-2547|title=Praveen Prem Profile|publisher=Metromatinee.com|accessdate=29 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519150644/http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/Praveen%20Prem-2547|archive-date=19 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> His first major role in Malayalam cinema came through the movie ''[[Tournament – Play & Replay]]'' directed by [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] in which he played Usman Ali.<ref name=TOI>{{Cite web|title=Praveenprem is back as an idiot|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movies/news-and-interviews/Praveen-Prem-is-back-as-an-Idiot/articleshow/13355273.cms|publisher=[[Times of India]]|date=22 May 2012}}</ref> Prem next appeared as several comedy characters in Malayalam movies, taking on the role of the hero Kiran in the 2013 movie ''[[Crocodile Love Story]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chennaipatrika.com/post/2013/01/16/Prem-to-play-the-lead-in-a-rom-com.aspx|title=Praveen Prem to play the lead in a romantic comedy|publisher=Chennaipatrika|accessdate=1 April 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325162923/http://www.chennaipatrika.com/post/2013/01/16/Prem-to-play-the-lead-in-a-rom-com.aspx|archivedate=25 March 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Prem made his debut in the Tamil film industry in 2014 after director O.S. Ravi cast him as the male lead in the movie ''[[Dummy Tappasu]]''.

Praveen appeared as one of five idiots in K. S. Bava's 2012 comedy ''Idiots''.<ref name=TOI /> His character in the movie ''[[7th Day (film)|7th Day]]'' garnered praise from critics and the film went on to become the first 2014 Malayalam blockbuster.

==Filmography==
;Films
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;"
! Year !! Film !! Role !! Language !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2"|2010 || ''[[Kadha Thudarunnu]]'' || Harichandran || [[Malayalam]] ||
|-
| ''[[Tournament – Play & Replay]]'' || Usman Ali || rowspan="13"|Malayalam ||
|-
| rowspan="3"|2011 || ''[[Snehaveedu]]'' || Balan ||
|-
| ''Fathers Day'' || Friend ||
|-
| ''Pulival Pattanam'' || Driver ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2012 || ''Ideal Couple'' || ||
|-
|''StreetLight''|| Room Boy ||
|-
| ''[[Mullassery Madhavan Kutty Nemom P. O.]]'' || Baiju Prathap ||
|-
| ''Idiots'' || Mani ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 2013 || ''[[Annayum Rasoolum]]'' || Kammath ||
|-
| ''Sim'' || Unnipilla ||
|-
| ''[[Rebecca Uthup Kizhakkemala]]'' || Unni ||
|-
| ''[[Crocodile Love Story]]'' || Kiran ||
|-
| 2014 || ''[[7th Day (film)|7th Day]]'' || Cyril Samual aka Cycle ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2015 || ''[[Dummy Tappasu]]''|| Sree || [[Tamil language|Tamil]] ||
|-
| ''ATM'' || Bombay || Malayalam ||
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Tubelight (2017 Tamil film)|Tubelight]]'' || Saba || Tamil ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2020 || ''[[Mane Number 13]]'' || rowspan="2"| Karthick || [[Kannada]] ||
|-
| ''[[Mane Number 13|13aam Number Veedu]]'' || Tamil ||
|}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:100%;"
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Channel!!Notes
|-
|2011||''[[Marimayam]]''||Perakkutty||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||Sitcom
|-
|2012||''Daivathinte Swantham Devootty''||Devu's brother in law||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||TV series
|-
|2013-2014||''Pachamulaku''||Host||[[Media One]]||rowspan=2|Cookery show
|-
|2016-2018||''Salt N Pepper''||Host||[[Kaumudy TV]]
|-
|2020||''Koodathayi''||||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers]]||rowspan=2|TV series
|-
|2021||''Varnappakittu''||Jaggu||[[Surya TV]]
|-
|2021||''I Am The Sorry''||Varun||[[YouTube]]||Web series
|-
|2022||''[[Daya: Chentheeyil Chalicha Kumkumapottu]]''||||Asianet||rowspan=2|TV series
|-
|2022||''Bhagyalakshmi''||Prem||[[Zee Keralam]]
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|11144779}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prem, Praveen}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

Aditi Ramesh

2026-04-22T12:53:36Z

LarueVesely77: added!

{{Short description|Indian singer-songwriter}}

'''Aditi Ramesh''' is an [[Independent music|independent]] singer-songwriter and former lawyer,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/arts/lawyer-turned-singer-aditi-ramesh-makes-a-case-for-her-music/cid/1787470|title=Lawyer-turned-singer Aditi Ramesh makes a case for her music|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> based in [[Mumbai]]. She is trained in [[Carnatic music]] and has been part of several bands such as Ladies Compartment and Voctronica. She has also performed at the [[Mood Indigo (festival)|Mood Indigo]] festival at [[IIT Bombay]]. She released the songs "Sambar Soul" and "Shakti"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/watch-aditi-ramesh-reclaim-her-power-in-new-video-for-shakti/|title=Watch Aditi Ramesh Reclaim Her Power in New Video For 'Shakti' -|date=December 8, 2021}}</ref> in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/blink/meet/aditi-ramesh-and-her-sambar-soul/article33177207.ece|title=Aditi Ramesh and her sambar soul|first=Shriya|last=Mohan|website=www.thehindubusinessline.com|date=25 November 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/brunch/social-media-star-of-the-week-aditi-ramesh-101643478132570.html|title=Social Media Star of The Week: Aditi Ramesh|date=January 29, 2022|website=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|nm11152727}}

{{Authority control}}
{{India-singer-stub}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ramesh, Aditi}}

[[Category:Indian singer-songwriters]]
[[Category:Indian lawyers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]

Shivaji Rao Garje

2026-04-21T12:11:43Z

LarueVesely77: Made new bio

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Shivaji Rao Garje
| native_name =
| image =
| caption =
| office = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council|Member of Maharashtra Legislative Council]]
| term_start = 28 July 2024
| term_end =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| constituency = [[Maharashtra Legislative Council#Elected by Vidhan Sabha Members (30)|Elected by MLAs]]
| website =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| relations =
| spouse =
| parents =
| alma_mater =
}}
'''Shivaji Rao Garje''' is an Indian politician from [[Maharashtra]] and a member of [[Nationalist Congress Party]]. He was elected to the [[Maharashtra Legislative Council]] by [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|MLA's]].<ref name="Maharashtra MLC Polls: Mahayuti wins all 9 seats it contested; MVA bags 2 with Uddhav aide getting place">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |date=12 July 2024 |title=Maharashtra MLC Polls: Mahayuti wins all 9 seats it contested; MVA bags 2 with Uddhav aide getting place |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-legislative-council-elections-july-12-2024/article68395633.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124141914/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/maharashtra-legislative-council-elections-july-12-2024/article68395633.ece |archive-date=24 November 2024 |access-date=24 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name="Eleven MLCs take oath in Maharashtra">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 July 2024 |title=Eleven MLCs take oath in Maharashtra |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/11-mlcs-take-oath-in-maharashtra/article68456573.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241124135618/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/11-mlcs-take-oath-in-maharashtra/article68456573.ece |archive-date=24 November 2024 |access-date=24 November 2024 |language=en-IN}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Maharashtra-INC-politician-stub}}

Sagar Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T08:58:50Z

LarueVesely77: Made new post

{{Short description|Lok Sabha Constituency in Madhya Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| type = LS
| name = Sagar
| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=right|type=shape|from=Lok Sabha constituencies/2019/Madhya Pradesh/Sagar.map}}
| established = 1952
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
| mp = [[Lata Wankhede]]
| party = [[Bhartiya Janta Party]]
| state = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| electors = 17,45,690<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |title=Press Note |author= |date=25 May 2024 |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=11 December 2024|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526095942/https://elections24.eci.gov.in/docs/WYKXFehhEH.pdf |archive-date=26 May 2024}}</ref>
| reservation = None
| assembly_cons = [[Bina (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bina]] [[Khurai (Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Khurai]] [[Surkhi (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Surkhi]] [[Naryoli (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Naryoli]] [[Sagar (Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sagar]] [[Kurwai (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Kurwai]] [[Sironj (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Sironj]] [[Shamshabad (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Shamshabad]]
}}

'''Sagar Lok Sabha constituency''' is one of the 29 [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. This constituency has been reserved for the candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Caste]]s since 1967. It covers parts of [[Sagar district|Sagar]] and [[Vidisha district|Vidisha]] districts.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sagar (Madhya Pradesh) Lok Sabha Election Results 2019 -Sagar Parliamentary Constituency, Winning MP and Party Name |url=http://www.elections.in/madhya-pradesh/parliamentary-constituencies/sagar.html |website=www.elections.in |access-date=23 January 2021}}</ref>

==Assembly segments==
Presently, Sagar Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following eight [[Vidhan Sabha]] (Legislative Assembly) segments:
{| class="wikitable"
!#
!Name
!District
!Member
! colspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |2024 Lead
|-
|35
|[[Bina Assembly constituency|Bina]] (SC)
| rowspan="5" |[[Sagar district|Sagar]]
|Nirmala Sapre
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|{{party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=8}}
|-
|36
|[[Khurai, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Khurai]]
|[[Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Bhupendra Singh]]
|-
|37
|[[Surkhi Assembly constituency|Surkhi]]
|[[Govind Singh Rajput]]
|-
|40
|[[Naryoli Assembly constituency|Naryoli]] (SC)
|Pradeep Lariya
|-
|41
|[[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh Assembly constituency|Sagar]]
|Shailendra Kumar Jain
|-
|146
|[[Kurwai Assembly constituency|Kurwai]] (SC)
| rowspan="3" |[[Vidisha district|Vidisha]]
|Hari Singh Sapre
|-
|147
|[[Sironj Assembly constituency|Sironj]]
|Umakant Sharma
|-
|148
|[[Shamshabad Assembly constituency|Shamshabad]]
|Suryaprakash Meena
|-
|}

== Members of Parliament ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]
|Khubchand Sodia
|rowspan=3 style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Jawala Prasad Jyotishi]]
|-
|[[1962 Indian general election|1962]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|[[Ramsingh Ayarwal]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|[[Sahodrabai Rai]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1977 Indian general election|1977]]
|[[Narmada Prasad Rai]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Indian general election|1980]]
|[[Sahodrabai Rai]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|1981^
|R. P. Ahirwar
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1984 Indian general election|1984]]
|[[Nandlal Choudhary]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|[[Shanker Lal Khatique]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|[[Anand Ahirwar]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
| rowspan="4" |[[Virendra Kumar Khatik|Virendra Khatik]]
|rowspan=8 style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="8" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|[[Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Bhupendra Singh]]
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|[[Laxmi Narayan Yadav]]
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|[[Rajbahadur Singh]]
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|[[Lata Wankhede]]
|}
^ By Poll

==Election results==
===2024===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2024 Indian general election]]: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Sagar Constituency Lok Sabha Election Results 2024 |url=https://www.brutimes.com/news/politics/sagar-constituency-lok-sabha-election-results-2024 |website=Bru Times News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sagar">{{cite news |last1=Election Commission of India |title=2024 Loksabha Elections Results - Sagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S125.htm |access-date=7 August 2024 |date=4 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807060124/https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S125.htm |archive-date=7 August 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|candidate= [[Lata Wankhede]]
|party= Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes= 787979
|percentage= 68.49
|change=+6.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate= Chandra Bhusan Singh Bundela
|party= Indian National Congress
|votes= 3,16,757
|percentage= 27.53
|change=-5.32
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate =Bhagwati Prasad Jatav
|votes = 16,636
|percentage =1.45
|change =-0.51
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 7,657
|percentage = 0.67
|change = -0.17
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =471,222
|percentage =40.96
|change =+11.5
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes =11,47,866{{efn|does not include postal ballots}}
|percentage =65.75
|change ={{increase}}0.21
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = BJP
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{notelist}}

===2019===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Indian general elections]]: Sagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Rajbahadur Singh]]
|votes = 6,46,231
|percentage = 62.31
|change = +8.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Prabhu Singh Thakur
|votes = 3,40,689
|percentage = 32.85
|change = -7.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Rajkumar Yadav
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 20,363
|percentage = 1.96
|change = -0.27
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 8,733
|percentage = 0.84
|change = -0.23
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,05,542
|percentage = 29.46
|change = +15.93
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 10,37,536
|percentage = 65.54
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2014===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2014 Indian general elections]]: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Laxmi Narayan Yadav]]
|votes = 4,82,580
|percentage = 54.10
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Govind Singh Rajput]]
|votes = 3,61,843
|percentage = 40.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Saroj Katiyar
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 19,917
|percentage = 2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = [[None of the Above]]
|party = None of the above
|votes = 9,504
|percentage = 1.07
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,20,737
|percentage = 13.53
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 8,92,000
|percentage = 58.67
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2009===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2009 Indian general elections]]: [[Sagar, Madhya Pradesh|Sagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Bhupendra Singh (Madhya Pradesh politician)|Bhupendra Singh]]
|votes = 3,23,954
|percentage =56.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Aslam Sher Khan]]
|votes = 1,92,786
|percentage =33.80
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Gouri Singh Yadav
|party = Samajwadi Party
|votes = 12,716
|percentage =2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Ahirwar Naresh Boudha
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|votes = 12,703
|percentage =2.23
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes =1,31,168
|percentage = 23.00
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 5,70,321
|percentage = 48.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Sagar district]]
* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Madhya Pradesh}}

{{coord|23.83|N|78.71|E|display=title}}

[[Category:Lok Sabha constituencies in Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Sagar district]]

Dipesh Sahu

2026-04-19T05:44:16Z

LarueVesely77: done

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Dipesh Sahu
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1988|01|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Nawagarh]], [[Bemetara district|Bemetara]], [[Chhattisgarh]], India
| birth_name = Dipesh Sahu
| party = {{flagicon image|BJP flag.svg}} [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| spouse =
| children =
| education =
| office = Member of [[Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 3 December 2023
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ashish Kumar Chhabra]]
| successor =
| constituency = [[Bemetara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bemetara]]
| website =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
}}

'''Dipesh Sahu''' (born 23 January 1988) is an Indian politician.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-25|title=BJP MLA Dipesh Sahu Biography in Hindi: भाजपा विधायक दीपेश साहू का जीवन परिचय... |url= https://npg.news/politics/bjp-mla-dipesh-sahu-biography-in-hindi-biography-of-bjp-mla-dipesh-sahu-1251792|access-date=2024-08-01|website=Npg News|language=hi}}</ref> He is a member of [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dipesh Sahu ! Votesmart India Elections 2024 |url= https://votesmart.in/politician/dipesh_sahu|access-date=2024-08-01|website=Votesmart|language=en}}</ref> He is member of the legislative assembly of Chhattisgarh from [[Bemetara Assembly constituency|Bemetara]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bemetara Assembly Seat Details, MLA Candidates & Winner |url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/chhattisgarh/constituency-show/bemetara|access-date=2024-08-01|website=Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-04|title=Bemetara Assembly Election Results 2023 Highlights: BJP's Dipesh Sahu wins Bemetara with 97731 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/bemetara-assembly-election-results-2023-live-2470888-2023-12-03 |access-date=2024-08-01|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sahu, Dipesh}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:People from Bemetara district]]
[[Category:Chhattisgarh MLAs 2023–2028]]

{{Chhattisgarh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Charthawal Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:17Z

LarueVesely77: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Charthawal
| map_image = 12-Charthawal.svg
| mla = [[Pankaj Kumar Malik]]
| party =[[File:Samajwadi Party.png|20px]] [[Samajwadi Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| district = [[Muzaffarnagar]]
| reservation = None
|constituency_no=12
| type= SLA
| incumbent_image =
| loksabha_cons = [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency|Muzaffarnagar]]
|alliance=[[Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance]]
}}
'''Charthawal Assembly constituency''' is one of the 403 constituencies of the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]], India. It is a part of the [[Muzaffarnagar district]] and one of the five assembly constituencies in the [[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency]]. First election in this assembly constituency was held in 1967 after the "Delimitation Orders (1967)" was passed. From 1967 to 2008, this constituency was reserved for candidates from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|scheduled caste]] community. In 2008, after the "Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008" was passed, this constituency was opened for all candidates.<ref name="Delimitation Orders (1967)">{{cite news|title=Delimitation Orders (1967)|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date=1 June 2015|url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/eci_publications/books/deli/Delimitation%20Orders-67.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008">{{cite news|title= Uttar Pradesh Delimitation Old & New, 2008|publisher= [[Chief Electoral Officer of Uttar Pradesh]]|access-date= 1 June 2015|url= http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111113181505/http://ceouttarpradesh.nic.in/Instructions/delimitation_Old_New.pdf#|archive-date= 13 November 2011|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008">{{cite news|title= Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] official website|access-date=1 June 2015|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf}}</ref><ref name="All MLAs from Assembly constituency">{{cite news|title=All MLAs from Assembly constituency|publisher=Elections.in|access-date=1 June 2015|url=http://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/charthawal.html}}</ref>

==Wards / areas==
Extent of Charthawal Assembly constituency is Baghra, Charthawal, Kutesra, Dhindhawali, PCs Nara, Jarauda, Bahadarpur, Lachheda, Sujru, Bihari, Harsauli, Tawli, Simli, Vahalana, Nirmana, Barwala of Kukra KC & Charthawal NP of Muzaffarnagar Tehsil.<ref name=" Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 "/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Year
!Member<ref name="election2018">{{Cite web |title=Charthawal Election and Results 2018, Candidate list, Winner, Runner-up, Current MLA and Previous MLAs |url=https://www.elections.in/uttar-pradesh/assembly-constituencies/charthawal.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
|[[1967 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Harish Chandra
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samyukta Socialist Party}}" |
|[[Samyukta Socialist Party]]
|-
|[[1969 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Nain Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Kranti Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Kranti Dal]]
|-
|[[1974 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Nand Ram
|-
|[[1977 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Party}}" |
|[[Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1980 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|Ram Prasad
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
|[[1985 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|Phool Singh
|style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|-
|[[1989 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1989]]
| rowspan="2" |G. S. Vinod
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Janata Dal}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Janata Dal]]
|-
|[[1991 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|-
|[[1993 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="2" |Randhir Singh
| rowspan="2" style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}" |
| rowspan="2" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1996 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|-
|[[2002 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2002]]
|Gufran kazmi
| rowspan="3" style="background-color: {{party color|Bahujan Samaj Party}}" |
| rowspan="3" |[[Bahujan Samaj Party]]
|-
|[[2007 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|[[Anil Kumar (Uttar Pradesh politician)|Anil Kumar]]
|-
|[[2012 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2012]]
|[[Noor Saleem Rana]]
|-
|[[2017 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Kashyap]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Bharatiya Janta Party}}" |
|[[Bharatiya Janta Party]]
|-
|[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|[[Pankaj Kumar Malik]]
|style="background-color: {{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
|[[Samajwadi Party]]
|}

==Election results==

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2022 Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Charthawal<ref name="election2022">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14185-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = '''[[Pankaj Kumar Malik]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:97363}}
|percentage = 43.82
|change = {{increase}}15.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Sapna Kashyap
|votes = {{formatnum:92029}}
|percentage = 41.42
|change = {{increase}}1.78
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Salman Sayeed
|votes = {{formatnum:25131}}
|percentage = 11.31
|change = {{decrease}}11.74
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen
|candidate = Tahir Husain Ansari
|votes = {{formatnum:3234}}
|percentage = 1.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:878}}
|percentage = 0.4
|change = {{decrease}}0.09
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:5334}}
|percentage = 2.4
|change = {{decrease}}8.82
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:222190}}
|percentage = 67.09
|change = {{increase}}1.25
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Samajwadi Party
|loser = BJP
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin|title=2017 Assembly Election: Charthawal<ref name="election2017">{{cite web |date=2018-08-16 |title=Uttar Pradesh General Legislative Election 2017|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3471-uttar-pradesh-general-legislative-election-2017/ |website=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = '''[[Vijay Kumar Kashyap]]'''
|votes = {{formatnum:82046}}
|percentage = 39.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mukesh Chaudhary
|votes = {{formatnum:58815}}
|percentage = 28.42
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = [[Noor Saleem Rana]]
|votes = {{formatnum:47704}}
|percentage = 23.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Rashtriya Lok Dal
|candidate = Salman Zaidi
|votes = {{formatnum:14442}}
|percentage = 6.98
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]
|votes = {{formatnum:1018}}
|percentage = 0.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = {{formatnum:23231}}
|percentage = 11.22
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = {{formatnum:206964}}
|percentage = 65.84
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===

{{Election box begin | title=2012 General Elections:Charthawal}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = '''[[Noor Saleem Rana]]'''
|votes = '''53,481'''
|percentage = '''31.02'''
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Vijay Kumar Kashyap]]
|votes = 40,775
|percentage = 23.65
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Mukesh Chaudhary
|votes = 34,292
|percentage = 19.89
|change = –
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[S. Saiduzzaman]]
|votes = 26,523
|percentage = 15.38
|change = –
}}
{{Election box majority
|votes = 12,706
|percentage = 7.37
|change = –
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 172,399
|percentage = 59.22
|change = –
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = Bahujan Samaj Party
|swing = –
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[Government of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Muzaffarnagar Lok Sabha constituency]]
*[[List of Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Muzaffarnagar district]]
*[[Sixteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Uttar Pradesh]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/92-uttar-pradesh/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Portal bar|India|Politics}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh|state=collapsed}}
{{Uttar Pradesh elections|state=collapsed}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Muzaffarnagar district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]

Allcargo Gati

2026-04-13T10:09:34Z

LarueVesely77: new!

{{short description|Indian Courier company}}
{{Advert|date=October 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Allcargo Gati Limited
| logo = Gati Logo SVG.svg
| logo_caption = Former Logo Since 2026 July 31 2026
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
*{{BSE|532345}}
*{{NSE|GATI}}}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|INE152B01027}}
| industry = {{plainlist|
*[[Logistics]]
*[[Supply chain management]]}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1989}}
| founder = Mahendra Kumar Agarwal <ref>{{Cite news |title=Gati Founder and MD Mahendra Agarwal resigns |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/gati-founder-and-md-mahendra-agarwal-resigns/articleshow/78387194.cms |access-date=2022-09-20}}</ref>
| hq_location_city = [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]]
| hq_location_country = India
| num_locations = 1300 remote locations through 340 branches
| num_locations_year = 2022
| area_served = India
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list | [[Shashi Kiran Shetty]] ([[Chairman]] and [[Managing Director]]) | Pirojshaw Sarkari ([[CEO]]) | Anish Mathew ([[CFO]]) }}
| revenue = {{Unbulleted list|{{Increase}} {{INRConvert|1505.24|c}} (2022)|{{INRConvert|1324.65|c}} (2021)}} <ref name="financials">{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2021-22 |url=https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/532345/74638532345.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920131514/https://www.bseindia.com/bseplus/AnnualReport/532345/74638532345.pdf |archive-date=September 20, 2022 |access-date=September 20, 2022 |format=PDF}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Unbulleted list|{{Increase}} {{INRConvert|49.69|c}} (2022)|{{INRConvert|37.56|c}} (2021)}} <ref name="financials" />
| net_income = {{Unbulleted list|{{Increase}} {{INRConvert|-4.43|c}} (2022)|{{INRConvert|-245.93|c}} (2021)}} <ref name="financials" />
| assets = {{Unbulleted list|{{Decrease}} {{INRConvert|681.27|c}} (2022)|{{INRConvert|714.45|c}} (2021)}} <ref name="financials" />
| owner = {{Unbulleted list | [[Allcargo Logistics]] (47.3%) | Mukul Mahavir Agrawal (5.12%) | [[Kintetsu Group Holdings]] (3.52%) }} <ref>{{Cite web |last=MarketScreener |title=GATI LIMITED : Shareholders Board Members Managers and Company Profile {{!}} INE152B01027 {{!}} MarketScreener |url=https://www.marketscreener.com/quote/stock/GATI-LIMITED-9743552/company/ |access-date=2022-09-20 |website=www.marketscreener.com |language=en}}</ref>
| num_employees = 537
| num_employees_year = 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report |url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachLive/22d69282-854b-4f29-9860-0e6b13c4d2d2.pdf |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=BSE India}}</ref>
| subsid = {{Unbulleted list | Gati-Kintetsu Express Pvt Ltd. | Gati Kausar India Ltd. | Gati Import Export Trading Limited | Gati Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd. }}
| homepage = {{URL | https://www.gati.com/ }}
}}
'''Allcargo Gati Limited''' is an Indian [[logistics]] company headquartered in [[Hyderabad]], [[Telangana]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/gati-plans-more-investment-in-warehouses-109020800081_1.html|title=Gati plans more investment in warehouses|agency=Press Trust of India|date=2009-02-08|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/v0bQWGdTukUXKZIBHCtkfI/Gati-to-set-up-joint-venture-with-Japan8217s-Kintetsu-Wor.html|title=Gati to set up joint venture with Japan's Kintetsu World Express - Livemint|website=www.livemint.com|date=13 February 2012|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/gati-to-make-ecommerce-foray/article7962204.ece|title=Gati to make e-commerce foray|last=Kurmanath|first=K V|date=2015-12-08|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=2017-10-10|language=en}}</ref> It engages in surface and air express logistics, [[warehousing]], supply chain, air freight, and [[E-commerce in India|e-commerce]] services. Founded in 1989, Gati first started operations between Madras (now [[Chennai]]) and [[Madurai]].

In 2020, it was acquired by [[Allcargo Logistics]]. [[Shashi Kiran Shetty]], chairman and founder of Allcargo Logistics Ltd., currently serves as the chairman.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/shetty-takes-over-as-gati-chairman/article32192745.ece|title=Mr. Shetty takes over as Gati Ltd. Chairman}}</ref> Gati is listed on the [[National Stock Exchange India|National Stock Exchange]] and [[Bombay Stock Exchange]].

== History ==

=== Early history ===
Gati was founded in 1989 and began providing same-day courier and distribution services and courier management between [[Chennai]] and Madurai. The company expanded to [[Hyderabad]], Bangalore (now [[Bengaluru]]), Chennai and [[Hosur]] within the same year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.customercarenumber.co.in/utility-services/gati-courier-limited-corporate-office-details.html|title=Gati Courier Ltd|date=13 February 2015|language=en-US|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref> It became the first company in India to start providing the delivery date on the docket and started offering a money back guarantee.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_G4gBQAAQBAJ&q=gati+money+back+guarantee&pg=PA63|title=Bringing Strategy Back: How Strategic Shock Absorbers Make Planning Relevant in a World of Constant Change|last=Sampler|first=Jeffrey L.|date=2014-10-28|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118830079|language=en}}</ref> The company was incorporated in 1995 as Gati Corporation Ltd.

=== 1996–2000 ===
Introduced 3PL in India<ref>{{Cite web |last=Singh |first=Shweta |date=2024-04-30 |title=Top 10 Logistics Companies in India at the Forefront of the Logistics and Supply Chain Industry 2024 |url=https://www.theceo.in/industry/logistics-companies/leading-logistics-companies-in-india |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=The CEO Magazine India |language=en}}</ref>

Began offering multi-modal services, courier services and international operations to [[SAARC]] countries<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 13, 2023 |title=Govt plans to take PM Gati Shakti global, starting with India’s neighbours |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/govt-plans-to-take-pm-gati-shakti-global-starting-with-indias-neighbours-11702446865315.html |work=Mint}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-03-01 |title=Gati starts road cargo service to Bangladesh |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/logistics/Gati-starts-road-cargo-service-to-Bangladesh/article20105280.ece |access-date=2024-09-21 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}</ref>

=== 2001–2008: Growth and expansion ===
Launched Vehicle Tracking System, a centralised computer system to manage people, packages and vehicles in real time

Created a centralized call centre in [[Nagpur]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cio.in/cio-interview/indian-logistics-industry-set-take-giant-leaps-2017|title=Indian logistics industry set to take giant leaps|last=CIO.in|website=CIO India|language=en|access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref>

=== 2009–2012 ===
Gati signed a joint venture agreement with [[Kintetsu World Express]] for their express distribution and supply chain business to form Gati–KWE, which is a subsidiary of Gati.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/gati-to-form-jv-with-kwe-of-japan/article2889766.ece|title=Gati to form JV with KWE of Japan|date=2012-02-13|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-10-21|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/v0bQWGdTukUXKZIBHCtkfI/Gati-to-set-up-joint-venture-with-Japan8217s-Kintetsu-Wor.html|title=GATI TO SET UP JOINT VENTURE WITH JAPAN'S KINTETSU WORLD EXPRESS|website=livemint.com|date=13 February 2012|language=en|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref>

Introduced its e-commerce logistics services <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.indiainfoline.com/article/equity-earnings-result-commentary/gati-q1fy18-consolidated-net-profit-rises-258-8-yoy-117082200732_1.html|title=Gati Q1FY18 consolidated net profit rises 258.8% yoy|last=indiainfoline.com|access-date=2017-10-21}}</ref>

=== 2020-2023===
Acquired by [[Allcargo Logistics]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2023 |title=Allcargo Logistics completes acquisition of 30% stake in Gati subsidiary |url=https://www.business-standard.com/companies/news/allcargo-logistics-completes-acquisition-of-30-stake-in-gati-subsidiary-123060900328_1.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Gati to return to profitability next quarter: Allcargo Logistics|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/earnings/gati-to-return-to-profitability-next-quarter-allcargo-logistics/articleshow/76217204.cms|access-date=2021-05-08}}</ref>

In October 2023, the company name was changed to Allcargo Gati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Allcargo-Gati-Limited-Name-Change. |url=https://www.gati.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Allcargo-Gati-Limited-Name-Change.pdf |access-date=2024-09-16}}</ref>

In June 2025, Allcargo Gati launched a 24-hour air delivery service to eight metro cities in India, aiming to strengthen its express logistics network.<ref>{{cite news |title=Allcargo Gati launches 24‑hour air delivery service to 8 cities |url=https://m.economictimes.com/industry/transportation/shipping-/-transport/allcargo-gati-launches-24-hour-air-delivery-service-to-8-cities/articleshow/121748741.cms |publisher=The Economic Times |date=10 June 2025}}</ref>

The company also became a part of the government-backed Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) to enhance digital last-mile connectivity.<ref>{{cite news |title=Allcargo Gati goes live on ONDC network |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/sme-sector/allcargo-gati-goes-live-on-ondc-network/articleshow/121930138.cms |publisher=The Economic Times |date=18 June 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Logistics companies of India}}

[[Category:Companies based in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Logistics companies of India]]
[[Category:Transport companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1989]]
[[Category:1989 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]

Amritpex 2023

2026-04-11T10:01:24Z

LarueVesely77: added

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Amritpex 2023
| image = Amritpex 2023 Logo.png
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| timezone =
| duration = 5 days
| date = 11 February 2023
| venue = [[Pragati Maidan|Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex]]
| location = [[New Delhi]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|28.616813|N|77.243359|E|display=inline,title}}
| also_known_as =
| type = National Philatelic Exhibition
| theme = [[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence|Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav]]
| cause =
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| organisers = 
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| url =
| blank_label = 
| blank1_label = 
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| website = {{URL|https://amritpex2023.in}}
| notes =
}}
'''Amritpex 2023''' was the national [[philatelic exhibition]] organized by [[India Post]], [[Government of India]] in collaboration with the [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] and Philatelic Congress of India (PCI). It was held at Halls No. 5 of the [[Pragati Maidan|Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex]], New Delhi, India from 11 to 15 February 2023.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary>{{cite web |title=India Post To Organise 5-Day National Philatelic Exhibition 'AMRITPEX-2023' At Pragati Maidan, New Delhi |url=https://indiaeducationdiary.in/india-post-to-organise-5-day-national-philatelic-exhibition-amritpex-2023-at-pragati-maidan-new-delhi/ |website=indiaeducationdiary.in |publisher= |access-date=7 February 2023 |archive-date=7 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207172226/https://indiaeducationdiary.in/india-post-to-organise-5-day-national-philatelic-exhibition-amritpex-2023-at-pragati-maidan-new-delhi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=ENS/>

==Elements of the show==
The five day event was inaugurated by [[Ashwini Vaishnaw]], Minister of Railways, Communication and Electronics and Information Technology,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sen |first1=Anindita |title=AMRITPEX 2023: Ashwini Vaishnaw praises India Post work; says govt to soon start digital philately exhibition through reels |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-amritpex-2023-ashwini-vaishnaw-says-govt-to-soon-start-digital-philately-exhibition-through-reels-2979018/ |access-date=18 June 2023 |publisher=www.financialexpress.com |date=11 February 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618164559/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/infrastructure-amritpex-2023-ashwini-vaishnaw-says-govt-to-soon-start-digital-philately-exhibition-through-reels-2979018/ |url-status=live }}</ref> in attendance with [[Devusinh Jesingbhai Chauhan|Devusinh Chauhan]], Minister of State for Communications of India and Vineet Pandy, Secretary of the [[India Post|Department of Post]].

[[File:Philly - The official mascot of Amritpex 2023.jpg|thumb|Philly, The official mascot of Amritpex 2023]]
To promote the event [[India Post|Department of Post]] unveiled a mascot, a mobile app, a short film, and a mini-exhibition with a stamp theme.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/> Exhibition mascot ''Philly'' was designed and inspired from Peacock, representing the national bird of India and symbolizes the Philatelic Division of Department of Posts, Government of India.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/> Dedicated Mobile app for the Amritpex-2023 was launched to the ease of visitors for the updates of events, history and services of India Post.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/>

;Workshops, seminars, competitions and cultural activities
Various activities like workshops, seminars and competitions including storytelling, envelope art with philately stamps, paper crafts, wall of Stamps, Live Painting by Artists and Painters, Curated and Guided Tours, Time Capsule,<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/> kiosks to generate digital postcards,<ref name=indianexpress/> letter writing, calligraphy<ref name = TNN>{{cite news |last1=Ghosh |first1=Sanjini |title=This 5-day exhibition at Delhi's Pragati Maidan will leave its stamp behind |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/this-5-day-exhibition-at-pragati-maidan-will-leave-its-stamp-behind/articleshow/97588813.cms |access-date=19 June 2023 |publisher=timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=4 February 2023 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619035944/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/this-5-day-exhibition-at-pragati-maidan-will-leave-its-stamp-behind/articleshow/97588813.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> were organized to draw attention to school children.

Along with philatelic workshops cultural activities are organised. Dak Ghar Play by [[National School of Drama]], Dance performance by Bal Bhawan, Kavi Sammelan by [[Jashn-e-Adab]], Sitar performance by [[Shujaat Khan|Utsad Shujaat Khan]], Concert by [[Piyush Mishra]], [[Puppetry|puppet show]] and youth parliament were major attraction of cultural events.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/>

;New stamps and special covers
During the exhibition, India Post released [[Se-tenant (philately)|Se-tenant stamps]] on Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav on 11 February 2023. Set of 2 miniature sheets on 'Bridal Costumes of India', with 4 stamps of Rs. 25.00 each were released on 12 February 2023. A [[miniature sheet]] containing 12 stamps of denomination Rs. 5.00 each was released on [[Geographical indication|GI tag]] of agricultural products on 13 February. A series of special covers on Nari Shakti, Yuva Shakti, [[International Year of Millets|International Year of Millets 2023]], Nature & Wildlife of India and unsung heroes of [[Indian independence movement|freedom struggle of India]], along with set of picture postcards on 'Flavours of Delhi' were released during the event.<ref>{{cite web |title=Department of Posts organises AMRITPEX 2023 - National Philatelic Exhibition under the aegis of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav after a decade |url=https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1899562 |website=www.pib.gov.in/ |publisher=Ministry of Communications |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165508/https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1899562 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Aar |first1=Dee |title=AMRITPEX 2023: A philatelic journal |url=https://thephilatelist.org/amritpex-2023-a-philatelic-journal/ |website=thephilatelist.org |access-date=27 June 2023 |archive-date=27 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627165508/https://thephilatelist.org/amritpex-2023-a-philatelic-journal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Exhibits==
The National Philatelic Exhibition (referred to as Amritpex 2023) was organized under the aegis of Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav Celebrations. Around 1,400 competitive exhibit frames displayed stamp presentations in numerous categories<ref name=ENS>{{cite news |title=For stamp collectors, a special treat at Delhi's Pragati Maidan soon |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/for-stamp-collectors-a-special-treat-at-delhis-pragati-maidan-soon-8423382/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |publisher=Express News Service |date=5 February 2023 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619030208/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/for-stamp-collectors-a-special-treat-at-delhis-pragati-maidan-soon-8423382/ |url-status=live }}</ref> created by around 300 collectors from all over India.<ref name=indianexpress>{{cite news |title=Amritpex 2023: National Philatelic Exhibition draws in huge crowd, Piyush Mishra mesmerises with electrifying performance |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/amritpex-2023-national-philately-exhibition-8445159/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |publisher=indianexpress.com |date=15 February 2023 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619033330/https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/art-and-culture/amritpex-2023-national-philately-exhibition-8445159/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The main themes of the exhibitions were: ''75th Anniversary of Indian Independence and New India'', ''Youth Power'' (Yuva Shakti), ''Women Power (Nari Shakti) Achivements@75'' ''Nature and Wildlife'' and ''Culture and History''.<ref name=indiaeducationdiary/><ref name=ENS/>

;Exhibition classes and competitions
The philatelic exhibition at ''Amritpex 2023'' holds competitions in the following classes:
# Invitee Class (Non Competitive Class)
# Competitive Class
:: Class 1 - National Championship Class
:: Class 2 - [[Philately|Traditional Philately]]
:: Class 3 - [[Postal history|Postal History]]
:: Class 4 - [[Postal stationery|Postal Stationery]]
:: Class 5 - [[Aerophilately]] / [[Astrophilately]]
:: Class 6 - [[Topical stamp collecting|Thematic]]
:: Class 7 - [[Maximaphily]]
:: Class 8 - [[Revenue stamp|Revenue]]
:: Class 9 - [[First Day Cover|First Day Covers]] and Special Covers
:: Class 10 - Modern Philately
:: Class 11 - Open Class
:: Class 12 - One Frame Exhibits
:: Class 13 - [[Philatelic literature|Philatelic Literature]]
:: Class 14 - Youth Class
:: Class 15 - School Collections

To celebrate the 75th Anniversary of Indian Independence, a special section dedicated to the achievements of India at 75 (years) in collaboration with Ministry of Culture was added to the competition as AKAM ([[75th Anniversary of Indian Independence#Summary|Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav]]) Class. ''Freedom Struggle'', ''Ideas @75'', ''Resolve @75'', ''Actions @75'', and ''Achievements @75'' were the themes for the AKAM Class.

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed heights=180px>
File:A View of Exhibit Area of Amritpex 2023 at Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex.jpg|A view of exhibit area
File:India Post Sales Counter at Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex during National Philately exhibit 2023.jpg|India Post Sales Counter
File:Puppet show at Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex during National Philately exhibit 2023.jpg|Puppet show
File:Quiz Competition on Philately at Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex during Amritpex 2023.jpg|Quiz Competition
File:Souvenir Shop at Pragati Maidan Exhibition Complex during National Philately exhibit 2023.jpg|Souvenir Shop
File:Travancore Anchal Post Letter Box.jpg|Time Capsule
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Indipex 2011]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official|http://amritpex2023.in}}
* [https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1899562 AMRITPEX 2023. Ministry of Communications]
{{commons category|Amritpex 2023}}

[[Category:2020s in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Philatelic events|2023]]
[[Category:February 2023 in India]]

Pariwar (film)

2026-04-02T19:11:07Z

LarueVesely77: adding a stub!

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Pariwar
| image = Pariwar film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Ulsav Rajeev & Fahad Nandu
| producer = Sajeev P K Anne Sajeev
| writer = Ulsav Rajeev & Fahad Nandu
| screenplay =
| story = Ulsav Rajeev & Fahad Nandu
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring = {{plainlist|* [[Jagadish]]
* [[Indrans]]
* [[Rajendran]]
* [[Alexander Prasanth]]}}
| music = [[Bijibal]]
| cinematography = Alfas Jahangeer
| editing = V.S. Vishal
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|3|7|India}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget = 
| gross = 
}}

'''''Pariwar''''' is a 2025 Indian Malayalam-language comedy drama film written & directed by Ulsav Rajeev & Fahad Nandu. The film features [[Jagadish]], [[Indrans]], [[Rajendran]] and [[Alexander Prasanth]] in the lead roles, with a supporting cast that includes Unni Nair, [[Sohan Seenulal]], Rishikesh, Pramod Veliyanad, Aswath Lal and Unnimaya Naalppadam . The film was produced under the banner of Fragrant Nature Film Creations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://malayalam.news18.com/news/film/trailer-drops-for-jagadish-indrans-movie-pariwar-mm-714539.html |title=A family with children awaiting their father's death; Jagadish's 'Parivar' |website=News18}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/entertainment-news/pariwar-malayalam-movie-first-look-poster-jagadish-indrans-srfeib |title=Pariwar Malayalam Movie First look poster released |website=Asianet News}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The film focuses on humour and portrays the problems that arise in a family, the attempts to resolve them, and the eventful moments that ensue. It also depicts 2 brothers fighting over a ring of dead person to get money<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/03/01/watch-pariwar-trailer.html |title='ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നതിനും ഒരു പരിധിയില്ലേ?': ചിരിപ്പിച്ച് 'പരിവാർ' ട്രെയിലർ |website=Malayala Manorama}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Jagadish]] as Sahadevan
* [[Indrans]] as Bheeman
* [[Rajendran]] as [[Gold]] Raja
* [[Alexander Prasanth]] as Nakulan
* Rishikesh as Arjunan
* Unni Nair as Bhaskara Pillai
* Meenaraj Palluruthy as Keshavan
* [[Sohan Seenulal]]
* Pramod Veliyanad
* Aswath Lal
* Unnimaya Naalppadam<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/parivaar-trailer-1.10382906 |title=ഇവിടെ വയലൻസ് ഇല്ല കോമഡി മാത്രം |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref>

== Production ==
The film is produced by Fragrant Nature Film Creations. Cinematography was handled by Alfas Jahangeer, editing by V.S. Vishal, and the musical score was composed by National Film Award winner [[Bijibal]] and lyrics by Santhosh Varma.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://malayalam.indianexpress.com/videos/pariwar-trailer-jagadish-indrans-8769368 |title=തിയേറ്ററിൽ കൂട്ടച്ചിരി പടർത്താൻ ജഗദീഷും ഇന്ദ്രൻസും |website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The music for ''Pariwar'' was composed by [[Bijibal]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-news/2025/03/01/watch-pariwar-trailer.html |title='ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നതിനും ഒരു പരിധിയില്ലേ?': ചിരിപ്പിച്ച് 'പരിവാർ' ട്രെയിലർ |website=Malayala Manorama}}</ref>

== Release ==
The movie was released in theatres on 7 March 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/news/pariwar-first-look-poster-1.10327513 |title='പരിവാർ' – ഫസ്റ്റ് ലുക്ക് പോസ്റ്റർ പുറത്തിറങ്ങി |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/movies-music/reviews/parivar-review-malayalam-cinema-1.10403144 |title=ചിരിക്കാനും ചിന്തിക്കാനും പരിവാർ - Review |website=Mathrubhumi}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.manoramaonline.com/movies/movie-reviews/2025/03/08/parivar-malayalam-movie-review-and-rating.html |title=ഇതു 'ചിരിവാർ' 'പരിവാർ' റിവ്യു |website=Malayala Manorama}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Anjana George of ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film 3 out of 5 stars and wrote, "a simple, entertaining watch—ideal for those who enjoy family dramas that blend humour with an honest look at human nature. It may not rewrite the rules of cinema, but it proves that a well-told story doesn’t need crime or chaos to hold its audience."<ref>{{cite news |title=Pariwar Movie Review : Honest, humorous family drama |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/malayalam/movie-reviews/pariwar/movie-review/118892107.cms |work=The Times of India |date=11 March 2025}}</ref> Swathi P. Ajith of ''[[Onmanorama]]'' wrote, "What makes 'Pariwar' stand out is how familiar its characters feel, each one resembles someone we've known at some point, making them instantly relatable. The film keeps things simple, never trying to be grand or over-the-top, yet delivers what it promises."<ref>{{cite news |title='Pariwar' review: A hilarious family feud fueled by greed and quirk |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/2025/03/07/pariwar-movie-review-jagadish-indrans-prashanth-alexander.html |work=[[Onmanorama]] |date=7 March 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2025 Indian films]]
[[Category:2025 Malayalam-language films]]

G. Viswanathan

2026-03-28T20:11:12Z

LarueVesely77: add layout further and corrected details

{{short description|17th Speaker of the Lok Sabha (born 1962)}}
{{BLP primary sources|date=April 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = G.Vishwanathan.jpg
| caption =
| office = [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]], [[Vellore Institute of Technology]]
| term_start = 1984
| predecessor = ''Position established''
| office1 = [[Department of Co-operation, Food and Consumer Protection (Tamil Nadu)|Minister for Food & Co-operation]], [[Government of Tamil Nadu]]<ref name="councilofministers">{{Citation |last= |title=TAMIL NADU LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY(TENTH ASSEMBLY) REVIEW 1991-1996 |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/10th_1991/10threview_91_96.pdf |location=[[Chennai]] |publisher=Secratriat of [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly Secretariat]]}}</ref>
| term_start1 = 1 November 1991
| term_end1 = 17 May 1993
| 1blankname1 = [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata1 = [[J. Jayalalithaa]]
| 2blankname1 = [[Governor of Tamil Nadu|Governor]]
| 2namedata1 = [[Bhishma Narain Singh]]
| 3blankname1 = [[Cabinet (government)|Cabinet]]
| 3namedata1 = [[First Jayalalithaa ministry]]
| predecessor1 = [[K. Rajaram]]
| successor1 = [[R. M. Veerappan]] (Minister for Food) C. P. Pattabiraman (Minister for Co-operation)
| office2 = [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start2 = 1991
| term_end2 = 1995{{efn|disqualified}}
| predecessor2 = [[T. R. Gajapathy]]
| successor2 = [[P. N. Subramani]]
| constituency2 = [[Arcot Assembly constituency|Arcot]]
| office3 =
| term_start3 = 1980
| term_end3 = 1984
| predecessor3 = [[R. Margabandhu]]
| successor3 = [[V. R. Krishnasamy]]
| constituency3 = [[Anaicut Assembly constituency|Anaicut]]
| office4 = [[Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| term_start4 = 1967
| termend4 = 1977
| predecessor4 = A. Jayarama Mudaliar
| successor4 = Venugopal Gounder
| constituency4 = [[Wandiwash (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wandiwash]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1938|12|08}}
| birth_place = Kottakuppam, [[North Arcot]], [[Madras Presidency]], [[British India]]
| party = {{ubl|[[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] (till 1975)|[[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] (1975-1995)|[[Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|MDMK]] (1995)}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=THE POLITICAL LIFE OF Dr.G.VISWANATHAN |url=https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1907576.pdf |access-date=3 March 2026 |website=www.jetir.org}}</ref>
| spouse = Pushpa
| children = 4
| alma_mater = *[[Voorhees College, Vellore]]
*[[Loyola College, Chennai]]
*[[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai]] ([[Madras University]])
| occupation = Founder and chancellor, [[Vellore Institute of Technology|VIT University]]
| nationality = Indian
| website = https://bschool.vit.ac.in/dr-g-viswanathan/
| footnotes = {{notelist}}
}}

'''Govindasamy Viswanathan''' (born 8 December 1938) is an Indian politician and the founder and chancellor of [[Vellore Institute of Technology]] in India.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-20 |title=Vellore Institute of Technology founder gets lifetime achievement award from Society for Data Science |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/vellore-institute-of-technology-founder-gets-lifetime-achievement-award-from-society-for-data-science/article67759086.ece |access-date=2024-04-06 |work=The Hindu|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-11-11 |title=VIT Chennai marks anniverseries of Vishwanatham, Ilakkuvanar |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2023/Nov/21/vit-chennai-marks-anniverseriesof-vishwanatham-ilakkuvanar-2634832.html |access-date=2024-04-06 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

==Political career==

He served as a member of parliament from the [[Wandiwash (Lok Sabha constituency)|Wandiwash Lok Sabha constituency]] for two terms after getting elected as a [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate in 1967 and 1971. He was elected twice to the [[Tamil Nadu legislative assembly]] as an [[Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] candidate from [[Anaicut Assembly constituency|Anaicut constituency]] in the [[1980 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1980 election]]<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/StatisticalReportTamil%20Nadu%201980.pdf 1980 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref> and from [[Arcot Assembly constituency|Arcot constituency]] in [[1991 Tamil Nadu state assembly election|1991 election]].<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1991/StatisticalReport-Tamil%20Nadu91.pdf 1991 Tamil Nadu Election Results, Election Commission of India]</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Viswanathan was born in a Mudaliar family near Gudiyattam. He obtained a master's degree in economics from [[Loyola College, Chennai|Loyola College]] and completed law from [[Madras University]]. His leadership skills were noticed by [[C. N. Annadurai]] and the [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] party chose him to contest the elections in 1967.

== Career ==

Currently, Dr. G Viswanathan holds these offices:
* Chancellor, VIT University, Vellore
* Chancellor, VIT University, Chennai
* Chancellor, [[VIT-AP University]], Amaravati
* Chancellor, [[VIT Bhopal University]], Bhopal
* Chairman and Managing Trustee, North Arcot Educational and Charitable Trust, Vellore
* President, Friends of United States<ref>{{Cite web|title=Friend of United States|url=https://www.friendsofus.com/members.html|access-date=2021-06-10|website=friendsofus.com}}</ref>
* Executive President, The Centenarian Trust, Chennai
* Vice President, Thiru Vi Ka – Dr. Mu. Va. Educational Trust, Chennai
* President, Universal Higher Education Trust, Vellore (NGO)
* President, Indian Economic Association (IEA)
* President, Education Promotion Society of India (EPSI) <nowiki>[https://epsiindia.org/]</nowiki>
* President, North Arcot District Tuluva Vellala Association.

==References==
<references />

{{Council of Ministers of Tamil Nadu}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Viswanathan, G.}}
[[Category:1938 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu academics]]
[[Category:India MPs 1967–1970]]
[[Category:India MPs 1971–1977]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:People from Tiruvannamalai district]]
[[Category:Loyola College, Chennai alumni]]
[[Category:Vellore Institute of Technology]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1980–1984]]
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 1991–1996]]

Naan Avan Illai 2

2026-03-21T01:15:44Z

LarueVesely77:

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Naan Avan Illai 2.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Selvaa (director)|Selvaa]]
| writer = Selvaa [[Pattukkottai Prabakar]] (dialogues)
| producer = V. Hitesh Jhabak
| starring = [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] [[Lakshmi Rai]] [[Shweta Menon]] [[Shruti Marathe]] [[Rachana Maurya]]
| cinematography = Balamurugan
| music = [[D. Imman]]
| studio = [[Nemichand Jhabak]]
| distributor = [[Eros International]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2009|11|27}}
| runtime = 125 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Naan Avan Illai 2''''' ({{translation|I Am Not Him 2}}) is a 2009 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language film directed by [[Selvaa (director)|Selvaa]]. It is the sequel to ''[[Naan Avan Illai (2007 film)|Naan Avan Illai]]'' (2007).<ref>{{Cite news |date=3 February 2009 |title=Jeevan goes for a sequel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/jeevan-goes-for-a-sequel/articleshow/4066063.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/y14J9 |archive-date=21 March 2026 |access-date=20 February 2025 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] reprises the lead role, while the female roles are enacted by [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]], [[Lakshmi Rai]], [[Shweta Menon]], [[Shruti Marathe]], and [[Rachana Maurya]]. [[D. Imman]], who did the score for the first film, replaced [[Vijay Antony]] as the music director. The film was released on 27 November 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2009 |title=Naan Avanillai 2, Yogi and Renigunta on Nov 27 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Nov/17/naan-avanillai-2-yogi-and-renigunta-on-nov-27-104706.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250220113648/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2009/Nov/17/naan-avanillai-2-yogi-and-renigunta-on-nov-27-104706.html |archive-date=20 February 2025 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=February 2025}}
Two years after the events of the first film, Annamalai's ([[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]]) photograph appears in a newspaper along with an interview of Maria ([[Rachana Maurya]]), who claims herself to be a saint propounding a new faith. She describes him as her God, Vaali. A mafia-turned-spiritualist, she attributes her transformation to him in the interview. This prompts three women to come calling Maria all the way. The three women were cheated by him recently, and they probe Maria of Annamalai's whereabouts. The three women – Sakhi ([[Sruthi Marathe]]), Nisha ([[Swetha Menon]]) and an actress named Deepa ([[Lakshmi Rai]]) – try to prove to Maria that he was a cheat. However, she does not believe them. Meanwhile, Annamalai suffers bleeding injuries in an accident. Mahalakshmi alias Mahi ([[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]), a Lankan woman who runs a restaurant, nurses him back to health. On seeing Mahi separated from his daughter by her late husband's ([[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]]) family, he decides to reunite them.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Jeevan (Tamil actor)|Jeevan]] in a various role as Joseph Fernandez / Annamalai / Magesh / Aravind / Barath and Sarath / Vali / David
* [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] as Mahalakshmi (Mahi)
* [[Lakshmi Rai]] as Deepa
* [[Shweta Menon]] as Nisha
* [[Shruti Marathe]] as Saki
* [[Rachana Maurya]] as Maria
* [[Five Star Krishna|Krishna]] as Mahalakshmi's husband
* [[Mayilsamy]] as Annamalai's assistant
* [[Raj Kapoor (Tamil film director)|Rajkapoor]] as Deepa's brother
* [[Yog Japee]] as Nisha's customer
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[D. Imman]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=23 November 2009 |title=Naan Avan Illai – 2 is worth a listen |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-tamil-music-review-naan-avan-illai-2/20091123.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616181750/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/south-tamil-music-review-naan-avan-illai-2/20091123.htm |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=8 December 2020 |work=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Baaga Unnara
| extra1 = [[Udit Narayan]], [[SuVi]]
| lyrics1 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Manmadha Leelai
| extra2 = [[Shail Hada]], [[Nithyasree]], [[Benny Dayal]]
| lyrics2 = [[Pa. Vijay]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Naangu Kangal
| extra3 = [[Javed Ali]], [[Shreya Ghoshal]]
| length3 =
| lyrics3 = Pa. Vijay
| title4 = O Mariya
| extra4 = [[D. Imman]], [[Jyotsna Radhakrishnan]]
| lyrics4 = [[Vaali (poet)|Vaali]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Sollamaley
| extra5 = [[Sadhana Sargam]]
| lyrics5 = [[Yugabharathi]]
| length5 =
| title6 = Southern Aroma
| extra6 = [[Andrea Jeremiah]]
| note6 = Instrumental
| length6 =
| lyrics6 = –
| title7 = Thooyavaney
| extra7 = [[Neha Bhasin]]
| lyrics7 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length7 =
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[Sify]]'' wrote, "The film is predictable at every turn and the second half drags big time".<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2009 |title=Naan Avan Illai-2 |url=https://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avan-illai-2-review-tamil-pclxwahjdhibc.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419032611/https://www.sify.com/movies/naan-avan-illai-2-review-tamil-pclxwahjdhibc.html |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=20 February 2025 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref> Pavithra Srinivasan of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' wrote "A little bit of sentiment and massive dollops of entertainment, that's ''Naan Avan Illai 2'', for you. It lacks a bit of the first movie's originality but if its two-and-a half-hours of no holds barred fun is what you want then this is your best bet".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Srinivasan |first=Pavithra |date=27 November 2009 |title=''Naan Avan Illai'' is fun |url=http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/nov/27/south-tamil-review-naan-avan-illai.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240616181703/http://movies.rediff.com/review/2009/nov/27/south-tamil-review-naan-avan-illai.htm |archive-date=16 June 2024 |access-date=15 March 2016 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |language=en}}</ref> Malathi Rangarajan of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "The story lacks plausibility, yet if you find ''NAI -2'' quite engaging, it is because of Selvaa's [skillful] screenplay. The film is racy till the end and that makes it watch-worthy enough".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rangarajan |first=Malathi |date=4 December 2009 |title=Trickster on a roll |url=http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450040200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314153721/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2009/12/04/stories/2009120450040200.htm |archive-date=14 March 2010 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=[[The Hindu]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[Deccan Herald]]'' wrote, "If you have seen one, you have seen it all. Sequels seldom offer anything new".<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 2009 |title=Naan Avan Illai -II |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/entertainment/naan-avan-illai-ii-2574514 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/gXHdu |archive-date=21 March 2026 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=[[Deccan Herald]] |language=en}}</ref> ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' wrote, "Neither taxing your brains, nor making any pretensions, Naan 2 is a fluffy, fun-filled entertainer".<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2009 |title=Naan Avan Illai 2 |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2009/Nov/30/naan-avan-illai-2-108501.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/aSrqr |archive-date=21 March 2026 |access-date=21 March 2026 |website=[[The New Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}
*{{Rotten Tomatoes}}
{{Selva (director)}}

[[Category:2009 films]]
[[Category:2009 Indian films]]
[[Category:2009 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Selva (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by D. Imman]]
[[Category:Indian sequel films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Nilaave Vaa

2026-03-14T22:30:35Z

LarueVesely77: content fix

{{short description|1998 film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nilaave Vaa.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]]
| writer = A. Venkatesh
| producer = [[Shoba Chandrasekhar]] [[K. T. Kunjumon]]
| starring = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] [[Suvalakshmi]]
| cinematography = R Selva
| editing = B S Vasu-Saleem
| music = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]]
| studio = V J Film
| distributor = Gentleman Film International
| released = {{Film date|1998|8|14|df=y}}
| runtime = 144 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Nilaave Vaa''''' ({{translation|''Oh moon, come to me''}}) is a 1998 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] and produced by [[K. T. Kunjumon]]. The film stars [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] and [[Suvalakshmi]] in the lead roles, while [[Sanghavi]], [[Raghuvaran]] and [[Manivannan]] play other supporting roles. The film was released on 14 August 1998 and was a decent hit at the Tamil Nadu box office.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AomRwhs1vCA |title=I’m Excited to do My Next with Vijay : Actor Charle Interview {{!}} Thalapathy 63 Bigil Trailer |date=22 April 2019 |language=Ta |publisher=IndiaGlitz Tamil |access-date=14 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914054803/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AomRwhs1vCA |archive-date=14 September 2022 |url-status=live |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=June 2023}}
Siluvai is the son of Cruz. They are Tamil Christians living in a fishing village in [[Kanyakumari District]]. In another town, Perumaal is the father to Sangeetha and Gauri. Sangeetha comes to the small fishing village and Siva is proposed (and later engaged) to marry her. However, Gauri falls in love with Siva's friend, and after hearing that Perumal does not want to accept the Hindu-Christian marriage, she decides to elope with her lover. This leads to the break-up of Sangeetha and Siluvai's love affair. However, Siva, upon hearing Siluvai's story, gives a great speech to the villagers and unites Siluvai and Sangeetha.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]] as Siluvai
*[[Suvalakshmi]] as Sangeetha
*[[Sanghavi]] as Filomina
*[[Jai Ganesh]] as Perumaal
*[[Vinu Chakravarthy]] as Cruz, Siluvai's father
*[[Raghuvaran]] as Siva
*[[Manivannan]] as Dubai
*[[Charle]] as Kilipas
*[[Sanjeev Venkat|Sanjeev]] as Baasha
*[[Sriman (actor)|Sriman]] as Laasar
*Latha as Sangeetha's sister
*Thadi Balaji as Kicha
*[[Alphonsa (actress)|Alphonsa]] in a special appearance
*[[Jaguar Thangam]] in a special appearance
*[[A. Venkatesh (director)|A. Venkatesh]] in a special appearance
}}

== Production ==
The film was jointly produced on Vijay's home banner and [[K. T. Kunjumon]] who was still reeling under the failure of ''[[Ratchagan]]'' (1997). Initially Rakshana was signed on as heroine but was subsequently replaced by [[Suvalakshmi]]. [[Mansoor Ali Khan (actor)|Mansoor Ali Khan]] had signed to be the villain in ''Nilaave Vaa'', but the actor later returned the advance of {{INR}}50,000 and took back his 40 days of call sheets.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sandya |title=**** Tamil Movie News **** |url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430054302/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/News/98/Mar/news3.htm |archive-date=30 April 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |website=Indolink}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]].<ref name="Raaga.com">{{Cite web |title=Nilaave Vaa (1998) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/nilaave-vaa-songs-T0000563 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230629133058/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/album/nilaave-vaa-songs-T0000563 |archive-date=29 June 2023 |access-date=29 June 2023 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref> The lyrics were written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nilaave Vaa |url=https://avdigital.in/products/nilaave-vaa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230207211917/https://avdigital.in/products/nilaave-vaa |archive-date=7 February 2023 |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=AVDigital}}</ref> The audio rights were acquired by Pyramid Audio and [[Divo (record label)|Divo]]

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 34:08
| title1 = Akkuthe Akkuthe
| extra1 = [[Vidyasagar (composer)|Vidyasagar]], [[S. N. Surendar]], Gopal Rao
| length1 = 4:37
| title2 = Chandira Mandalathai
| extra2 = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Harini (singer)|Harini]], [[S. P. B. Charan]]
| length2 = 4:43
| title3 = Kadalamma Kadalamma
| extra3 = [[P. Jayachandran]], Vidyasagar, [[Sujatha Mohan|Sujatha]]
| length3 = 5:06
| title6 = Nee Kaatru Naan Maram
| extra6 = [[Hariharan (singer)|Hariharan]], [[K. S. Chitra]]
| length6 = 5:10
| title5 = Nee Kaatru Naan Maram
| extra5 = Hariharan
| note5 = solo
| length5 = 5:10
| title4 = Nilave Nilave
| extra4 = [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Anuradha Sriram]]
| length4 = 5:30
| title7 = Onnum Onnum
| extra7 = [[Arunmozhi]], [[Swarnalatha]]
| length7 = 3:49
}}

== Reception ==
''[[Ananda Vikatan]]'' gave the film a score of 37 out of 100.<ref>{{Cite web |last=சார்லஸ் |first=தேவன் |date=22 June 2021 |title=பீஸ்ட் : 'நாளைய தீர்ப்பு' டு 'மாஸ்டர்'... விஜய்க்கு விகடனின் மார்க்கும், விமர்சனமும் என்ன? #Beast |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008100344/https://cinema.vikatan.com/amp/story/tamil-cinema/how-vijay-movies-scored-in-vikatan-reviews |archive-date=8 October 2021 |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=[[Ananda Vikatan]] |language=ta}}</ref> D. S. Ramanujam of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote, "A love story cut out to suit the energetic talent of [Vijay], with the expected twists and turns, has been made worthwhile by the situations fashioned by director Venkatesan in V. J. Films' ''Nilaave Vaa''". He also appreciated the cinematography.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ramanujam |first=D. S. |date=14 August 1998 |title=Film Reviews: Nilaave Vaa / Kalyana Kalatta |url=http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980814/09/09140224.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000606235739/http://www.webpage.com/hindu/daily/980814/09/09140224.htm |archive-date=6 June 2000 |access-date=4 July 2023 |work=[[The Hindu]] |pages=27 }}</ref> Two years after release, the producers were given a {{INRConvert|5|l|year=2000}} subsidy by the Tamil Nadu government along with several other films.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XvTZAAAAMAAJ&q=Swarnamukhi |title=Mass Media in India |publisher=[[Publications Division]] |year=2001 |isbn=9788123009421 |pages=181 |access-date=29 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629080523/https://books.google.com/books?id=XvTZAAAAMAAJ&q=Swarnamukhi |archive-date=29 June 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes}}

{{A. Venkatesh (director)}}

[[Category:1998 Indian films]]
[[Category:1998 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1998 films]]
[[Category:1998 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by A. Venkatesh]]
[[Category:Films produced by K. T. Kunjumon]]
[[Category:Films scored by Vidyasagar (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language romantic drama films]]

Skylab (film)

2026-03-12T23:16:31Z

LarueVesely77:

{{short description|2021 film by Vishvak Khanderao}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Skylab
| image = Skylab 2021 poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = Vishvak Khanderao
| writer = Vishvak Khanderao
| producer = Prithvi Pinnamaraju [[Nithya Menen]]
| starring = Nithya Menen [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] [[Rahul Ramakrishna]]
| cinematography = Aditya Javvadi
| editing = Ravi Teja Girijala
| music = [[Prashanth R Vihari]]
| studio = Byte Features [[Nithya Menen|Nithya Menen Company]]
| distributor = Niravana Cinemas (overseas)
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2021|12|4}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Skylab''''' is a 2021 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[Historical drama|period]] [[comedy drama]] film written and directed by debutant Vishvak Khanderao. Produced by Byte Features in association with [[Nithya Menen|Nithya Menen Company]], the film stars [[Nithya Menen]], [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] and [[Rahul Ramakrishna]]. The plot follows fictitious incidents in a [[Telangana]] village preceding the disintegration of the American space station [[Skylab]] in 1979. The film traces the fear looming among the villagers in a comical manner in light of these developments.

''Skylab'' was released theatrically on 4 December 2021.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-12-02|title=Nithya Menen-starrer 'Skylab' finally set to hit theatres on December 4|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2021/dec/02/nithya-menen-starrer-skylab-finally-set-to-hit-theatres-on-december-4-2390941.html|access-date=|website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>

==Plot==
The film is set in 1979, in the remote village of Bandalingampalli in [[United Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]). This is also the time when a US-based [[Skylab]] [[satellite]] fails and its [[Space debris|debris]] is all set to fall to Earth. Information about the satellite's fall is communicated to scientists in India.

Dr. Anand and Subedar Ramarao become friends over the bus journey to Bandalingampalli. Gowri returns from [[Hyderabad]] after learning about her father's illness. Because her car broke down, she travels on the same bus as Anand and Ramarao. On reaching the village, Gowri learns that her father is well and that her mother, along with the servant, had sent false information. Disappointed with the return from the city, she decides to write and post it. Gowri's mother and Seenu decide not to tell Gowri about the newspaper dismissal.

Meanwhile, Anand wants to earn [[Rupee|Rs]].5000 to re-establish his lost medical license. He decides to team with Ramarao to open the clinic, which has been shut for 25 years. Ramarao's family has a lot of debt, and they are against doing menial jobs. Ramarao decides to pawn another of the family's antique jewellery to restart the clinic. Despite the village [[Panchayati raj|panchayat]] asking him not to reopen the clinic, the duo decides to turn it into a major village event. Gowri starts looking into how she can get her big story published.

The possibility of Skylab falling in India is announced over the radio, and villagers begin talking about it. The clinic opens to fanfare, and the announcement is made. The villagers decide to close the clinic and demand that Anand and Ramarao pay a fine. Gowri, meanwhile, starts scaring the villagers about the real possibility of Skylab falling on the village. Immediately, the Panchayat chief falls, and Anand is called for medication. He tells the villagers that the chief needs to be cared for at the clinic, and they all agree to reopen it.

Over 40 days, everyone begins to worry about the real possibility of Skylab crashing in the village and looks for alternative places to seek protection. Gowri gets an idea from her school teacher to write a story about village life, and it is published. Anand, who had wanted to leave the village after his grandfather paid the fee to obtain his final license, decides against it. Anand and Ramarao successfully help with a [[childbirth]] and the entire village is content. Given the circumstances of the D-day, the untouchables enter the temple, the maids and servants use their owner's goods, and everyone attempts to fulfil their wishes. They eventually learn over the radio that Skylab has fallen into the [[Indian Ocean]], and everyone is elated.

== Cast ==
* [[Nithya Menen]] as Gowri
* [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] as Dr. Anand
* [[Rahul Ramakrishna]] as Subedar Ramarao
* [[Tanikella Bharani]] as Sadashivam, Anand's grandfather
* Vishnu Oi as Seenu
* [[G. V. Narayana Rao]] as Venkataraju, Gowri's father
* [[Tulasi (actress)|Tulasi]] as Padma, Gowri's mother
* [[Subbaraya Sharma]] as Sudarshan Rao, Telugu schoolmaster
* [[Tharun Bhascker]] as a scientist ([[Cameo appearance|Cameo]])

== Production ==
Debutant writer-director Vishvak Khanderao wrote ''Skylab'' from the stories he heard in his village in [[Karimnagar district]] of [[Telangana]] about the crashing American space station [[Skylab]] in 1979.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-11-30|title=The curious case of Skylab space station crash and a new Telugu film|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vishvak-khanderao-discusses-how-the-telugu-film-skylab-stemmed-from-incidents-in-karimnagar-in-1979/article37772268.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kumar|first=Puli Sharat|date=2019-07-12|title=Karimnagar: Revisiting the day Skylab fell|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/120719/karimnagar-revisiting-the-day-skylab-fell.html|website=[[Deccan Chronicle]]}}</ref> In an interview with ''[[The Hindu]]'', Khanderao talked about the storyline. "The main characters are eccentric and the story not only explores what happens when the news of Skylab’s crash breaks out, but also the human psyche. The comedy is situational and in sync with the characters," he added.<ref name=":1" />

[[Nithya Menen]], [[Satyadev (actor)|Satyadev]] and [[Rahul Ramakrishna]] play the principal characters of ''Skylab''.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-07-12|title=Nithya Menen, Satya Dev and Rahul Ramakrishna rev up 'Skylab'|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nithya-menen-satya-dev-and-rahul-ramakrishna-rev-up-skylab/article35277841.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The film also marked Menen's maiden production venture. She also spoke in [[Telangana dialect]] for the first time in the film.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Nithya Menen: Produced Skylab to create good content|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/nithya-menen-skylab-telugu-movie-7647391/|website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref> ''Skylab'' began its production in March 2020 but was halted after a day of shoot due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and resumed later.<ref name=":1" /> The film was released on 4 December 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-03|title=Nithya Menen's 'Skylab' to release in theatres on December 4. See new posters - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/nithya-menens-skylab-to-release-in-theatres-on-december-4-see-new-posters/articleshow/88053679.cms|access-date=|website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref>

== Reception ==
Writing for ''[[The Hindu]]'', Sangeetha Devi Dundoo called the film "a charming tale of a peculiar village." Dundoo appreciated the performances, stating, "Nithya is credible as the aristocrat who yearns for her identity but hasn’t yet worked enough for it and Satya Dev looks every bit the opportunist who later has a change of heart and has a homecoming of sorts."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dundoo|first=Sangeetha Devi|date=2021-12-04|title='Skylab' movie review: A charming tale of a peculiar village|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/skylab-movie-review-a-charming-tale-of-a-peculiar-village/article37837215.ece|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Rating 3 stars of 5, Thadagadh Pathi of ''[[The Times of India]]'' wrote, "This is a rare film where there’s no such thing as a ‘lead’ because it’s the story that’s the hero of the tale. Director Vishvak Kanderao truly pours life into the character inhabiting this world, aided by heart-touching dialogues."<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 December 2021|title=Skylab Movie Review : The film will put a smile on your face|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/skylab/movie-review/88088832.cms|website=The Times of India}}</ref>

Appreciating the storyline and performances, ''[[The News Minute]]'' critic Balakrishna Ganeshan said, "While ''Skylab'' is largely fun, sans violence, and a well-intentioned film, some of the scenes are inorganic."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Skylab review: A fun, good-hearted film with decent performances|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/skylab-review-fun-good-hearted-film-decent-performances-158379|website=The News Minute}}</ref> In his review for [[The New Indian Express|''Cinema Express'']], Ram Venkat Srikar praised the technical values of the film, writing, "Prashanth R Vihari’s lovely score wonderfully captures the varying moods without overselling the emotion. Ravi Teja Girijala’s editing finds simple yet inventive methods to exalt simple scenes and montages. Aditya Javvadi’s camera and lighting are in a duet throughout, and yet the frames never come across as flashy."<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Skylab Movie Review: A light-hearted comedy with tons of heart|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/review/2021/dec/04/skylab-movie-review-nithya-menen-satyadev-rahul-ramakrishna-28218.html|access-date=|website=[[Cinema Express]]}}</ref>

Anji Shetty of [[Sakshi (newspaper)|''Sakshi'']] appreciated Khanderao for picking a novel storyline but opined that he couldn't translate the humour and narration well onto the screen.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title='స్కైలాబ్‌' మూవీ రివ్యూ|url=https://www.sakshi.com/telugu-news/movies/skylab-movie-review-and-rating-telugu-1416977|website=Sakshi|language=te}}</ref> A reviewer from ''[[Eenadu]]'' also felt the same, saying that the film's pacing could have been better.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-04|title=Skylab review: రివ్యూ: స్కైలాబ్‌|url=https://www.eenadu.net/cinema/latestnews/telugu-news-satyadev-and-nithya-menon-skylab-telugu-movie-review/0201/121247918|access-date=|website=[[Eenadu]]|language=te}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|tt15029058}}

[[Category:2021 comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:2021 films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in 1979]]
[[Category:Films set in Telangana]]
[[Category:Films shot in Telangana]]
[[Category:Film productions suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic]]
[[Category:2021 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:Indian historical drama films]]
[[Category:Skylab program]]
[[Category:Films about outer space]]
[[Category:Films set on spacecraft]]
[[Category:Films about space hazards]]
[[Category:Films scored by Prashanth R Vihari]]

Shaunaka Mahashala

2026-03-11T17:54:25Z

LarueVesely77: Made a post

{{Short description|Gurukul of Shaunaka Rishi}}
{{See also-text|[[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)]]|[[Shaunaka]]|[[Ugrashravas]]|[[Brahma Upanishad]]|[[Dadhichi Ashram]]}}
{{notability|Geography|date=May 2023}}

{{Infobox monastery
| name = Shaunaka Mahashala
| native_name = शौनक महाशाला
| other_names = Shaunaka Rishi Ashram
| founder = [[Shaunaka]]
| location = [[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)]]
| full_name = Naimishyaranya University
| dedication = [[Atharvaveda]],[[Purana]],[[Mahabharata]]
| architect = Cottage
| people = Shaunaka, Veda Vyasa, Pippalada, Lomaharshana, Ugrashravas
| heritage_designation = Gurukul
| image = 00001 Ugrasrava and Saunaka.jpg
| caption = Painting by Jijithnr showing Ugrasrava Sauti narrating Mahabharata to Saunaka and sages
}}
'''''Shaunaka Mahashala''''' was a higher educational institution founded by the ancient Indian Vedic philosopher [[Shaunaka|Shaunaka Rishi]] in the ancient [[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)|Naimisaranya forest]].

== Etymology ==
''Shaunaka Mahashala'' is constituted with two words Shaunaka and Mahashala. Shaunaka was the name of the sage who was the chancellor. Mahashala or ''Mahāśāla'' is used instead of one who has ten thousand students under him. Also, ''Maha'' means great and ''Shala'' means institution. Therefore, Mahashala means a ''great institution''.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nityatmananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzJiEAAAQBAJ&q=shaunaka+ashram+as+university |title=M., the Apostle & the Evangelist - Volume 15: A Continuation of M.'s Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita, A Guide to Indian Culture and Self Knowledge |date=2017-07-14 |publisher=SRI MA TRUST |language=en}}</ref>

== Background ==
According to the [[Vedic]] texts, Shaunaka Rishi's full name was Indrotdaivaya Shaunaka. He was a Vedic teacher and the son of the sage Bhriguvanshi Shunak. Shaunaka Rishi was running a Gurukul having ten thousand students and he was honoured as {{lang|sa-Latn|kulapati}} (chancellor). It is said that before him no other sage had received such an honour.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-04 |title=कौन थे ऋषि शौनक, धार्मिक ग्रंथों में है वर्णन |url=https://www.punjabkesari.in/dharm/news/story-related-shaunak-rishi-1342239 |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=punjabkesari}}</ref> He wrote Rigveda Chandanukramani, Rigveda Chandanukramani, Rigveda Rishyanukramani, Rigveda Anuvakanukramani, Rigveda Suktanukramani, Rigveda Kathanukramani, Rigveda Padvidhan, Brihadevata, Shaunak Smriti, Charanvyuh, Rigvidhan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=जोशी |first=अनिरुद्ध |title=Shaunak Rishi । 10 हजार शिष्यों वाले गुरुकुल में दुनिया के पहले कुलपति ऋषि शौनक |url=https://hindi.webdunia.com/sanatan-dharma-mahapurush/shaunak-rishi-kaun-the-121030400017_1.html |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=hindi.webdunia.com |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=सभी देवता पहुंचें शौनक ऋषि के आश्रम, शौनक ऋषि के शाप से भस्म हुए असुर {{!}} Om Namah Shivay 169 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bdy80BHjgSA |access-date=2023-05-13 |language=en}}</ref>

== Description ==
The location of the Gurukul was [[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)|Nimisharanya]]. It is said that [[Shaunaka]] performed a 12-year-long [[Yajna]] at his ashram, which attracted a large number of learned men, who held incessant discussions about religion and [[philosophy]]. He wrote Shaunaka Grihasutra, Shaunaka Grihyaparishit, and Vastushastra Granth. He helped sages Romaharsha and [[Ugrashravas|Ugrasrava Sutha]] to spread the [[Puranas]] and [[Itihasa]] among a large masses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VedaPurana {{!}} Hindu Encyclopedia |url=https://vedapurana.org/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |website=vedapurana.org}}</ref> Ugrashravas was an auditor at [[Taxila|Takshila]]. He travelled to [[Naimiṣāraṇya (forest)|Naimiṣāraṇya forest]]. There he met with the sage [[Shaunaka]] and a large group of [[Brahmin]]s studying at the Shaunaka Mahashala. The Shaunaka Mahashala is considered as the ancient form of university in the [[Indian subcontinent|Indian Subcontinent]] by scholars. It is also known as Naimishyaranya University.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nityatmananda |first=Swami |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yzJiEAAAQBAJ&q=shaunaka+ashram+as+university |title=M., the Apostle & the Evangelist - Volume 15: A Continuation of M.'s Sri Sri Ramakrishna Kathamrita, A Guide to Indian Culture and Self Knowledge |date=2017-07-14 |publisher=SRI MA TRUST |language=en}}</ref> The Brahmin scholars in the ashram asked about [[Janamejaya]]'s snake sacrifice with the sage [[Ugrashravas]]. Then Ugrashravas recited the story of the [[Mahabharata]] as recited by [[Vaisampayana|Vaishampayana]] to him with some additional materials.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davis |first=Richard H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GWaYDwAAQBAJ&q=shaunaka+ashram |title=The Bhagavad Gita: A Biography |date=2014-10-26 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-13996-8 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Varadpande |first=Manohar Laxman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOZB7MbeMrAC&q=shaunaka+ashram |title=History of Indian Theatre: Classical theatre |date=1987 |publisher=Abhinav Publications |isbn=978-81-7017-430-1 |language=en}}</ref> This is the place where [[Bhagavata Purana|Shrimad Bhagavatam]] was preached. The life of the university is mentioned in [[Adi Parva]] of the [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naimisharanya - The Center of Excellence {{!}} Exotic India Art |url=https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/naimisharanya-center-of-excellence-nao526/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=www.exoticindiaart.com |language=en}}</ref> The philosophical conversation between the sage [[Pippalada]] and the sage [[Shaunaka]] at the Shaunaka Mahashala was recorded as [[Brahma Upanishad]] or ''Brahmopanishad.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brahma Upanishad – Vyasa Mahabharata |url=https://www.vyasaonline.com/brahma-upanishad/ |access-date=2023-05-13 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Ashramas]]
[[Category:Hindu educational institutions]]

Nayani Krishnakumari

2026-03-09T04:55:45Z

LarueVesely77: Created A Bio

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2018}}
{{More citations needed|date=January 2016}}
'''Nayani Krishnakumari''' (14 March 1930 – 29 January 2016) was an Indian scholar, poet, researcher, speaker in Telugu and an active participant in literary and cultural organizations. She served several institutions in various capacities. She received several awards such as Swarnakankanam, instituted by Desoddharaka Kasinathuni Nageswara Rao, Best Telugu Writer award from Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, and Sahitya Akademi among others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-30 |title=Nayani Krishnakumari, the meticulous scholar |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Nayani-Krishnakumari-the-meticulous-scholar/article14028659.ece |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Life==
Krishnakumari was born to Nayani Subba Rao and Hanumayamma in [[Guntur]], a town in [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]]. She was married to Canakapalli Madhusudana Rao, a lawyer and a distant relative, in 1954. They have one daughter and two sons.

Krishnakumari has been an active participant in literary and cultural events. She worked on [[Telugu language|Telugu]] ballads and obtained her doctorate in 1970. She had a master's degree in [[Sanskrit]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-30 |title=Noted Telugu litterateur Nayani Krishnakumari passes away |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/Noted-Telugu-litterateur-Nayani-Krishnakumari-passes-away/article14028619.ece |access-date=2024-03-02 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In her dissertation, Krishnakumari took the western critiquing tools and explained the narrative style in Telugu ballads and correlated their underlying philosophy to the Telugu culture scientifically.

Her first book, a story of the Andhra people, entitled ''Andhrula katha'', was published when she was 18. The book was prescribed as a textbook in schools. Her first collection of poetry, ''agniputri'', was published in 1978, shortly after her father died. She died on 29 January 2016 at the age of 85.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/noted-telugu-litterateurnayani-krishnakumari-passes-away/article8171605.ece |title=Noted Telugu litterateur Nayani Krishnakumari passes away |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=2016-01-31}}</ref>

===Positions held===
She started her academic career as lecturer in a women's college in [[Madras]] in 1951. In 1952, she moved to [[Osmania University]] Women's College in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]], where she started out as lecturer, and became a reader and professor. During 1983-84, she served as Principal of [[Padmavathi Mahila University]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupati]], and returned to Osmania University as Head of the Department of Telugu. She retired in 1990 after serving as the Chair of the Board of Studies in Osmania University for three years. Krishnakumari served as Vice Chancellor of Sri [[Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University]], Hyderabad, from 1996 to 1999. At the time of her death, she was professor emeritus.

==Literary works==
Krishnakumari was a pioneer in folklore studies and women's literature.

Krishnakumari's ''Telugu Janapada Geya gaathalu'' (Telugu ballads) is considered her major work. In this dissertation, published in 1977, Krishnakumari discussed at length the origin and development of Telugu ballads in the context of Telugu folk literature. She identified the folk literature as a separate and valuable part of Indian literatures, compared it to similar literatures in other cultures and countries, and produced a systematic [[classification chart]] of ethnology, ethnography and sociology. Further, she has shown how other branches such as songs and stories incorporated physical gestures and other theatrical paraphernalia over the course of time. In this she also noted the inclusion of terminology from other languages, which happened with educated singers of the ballads.

During her tenure as professor at Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Krishnakumari published a textbook on folklore entitled ''Telugu janapada vijnanam: samaajam, samskruti, sahityam'', containing articles by several scholars in folklore with topics for discussion and further research.

One of Krishnakumari's innovations was to apply the straight line equation from mathematics to the storytelling methods in folklore. This was an innovating experiment in the studies of folklore in Telugu literature and marked Krishnakumari's knowledge of mathematics and her erudition in research methodologies.<ref>Ravi Premalatha's article in vidushi. p.25.</ref>

Krishnakumari publications include two anthologies of her poetry, ''Agniputri'' (Daughter of Fire, 1978) and ''Em cheppanu nestam!'' (What Can I Say, My Friend!, 1988); history books: ''Andhrula katha'' (The Story of Andhra People), ''manamuu, mana puurvulu'' (We and Our Ancestors), ''telugu bhasha charitra'' (History of Telugu language); two collections of short stories: ''Ayaatha'' (A Collection of short stories), ''Gautami'' (novel), ''Aparajita'' (A [[collaborative fiction|collaborative novel]] with three other writers), ''pariseelana'' (An Anthology of reviews), ''parisodhana'' (A Collection of research papers), ''kashmira deepakalika'' (A travelogue, recounting her experiences of a tour in Kashmir with a group of students), and ''Telugu Janapada geya gaathalu'' (Ph.D. dissertation on ballads in Telugu folklore) among several others. Numerous articles on Telugu people's customs, lifestyles, and culture also attest to her comprehension and knowledge in the areas in question.

Her travelogue, ''kashmira deepakalika'', is considered unique in Telugu literature for its style. It is an account of her experiences and her response to the beauty of nature in the Kashmir valley during a tour with a group of students she had accompanied. [[Chekuri Ramarao]] stated that the book, unlike usual travelogues,{{dubious|date=February 2016}} ''is a literary masterpiece brimming with poetry''.<ref>Rama Rao, Chekuri. "kashmira deepakalika yaatraacaritra kaadu: vachana kavitvaaniki rasagulika.." vidushi. pp. 55-56.</ref>

Marking her sixtieth birthday and retirement, several scholars and the elite in Andhra Pradesh honored Krishnakumari. The festschriften volume, ''vidushi'', features several articles from reputable scholars in Andhra Pradesh.

===List of important literary works===
*''Agniputri.'' Hyderabad: Author. 1978
*''Andhrula katha: A History of Andhras for children''
*''Ayaathaa.'' A Collection of short stories.
*''Em cheppanu nestam''. Hyderabad: Author. 1988
*''Janapada geyaalu''.
*''Kashmira deepakalika,'' A Travelogue
*''Kathala kadali:'' Retold stories of Katha Saritsagaram
*''McKenzie kaifiyats'' (A Critical Evaluation)
*''Nalgonda zilla uyyaala paatalu''
*''Pariseelana.'' Hyderabad: Author, 1977
*''Parisodhana.'' Hyderabad: Andhra Saraswata parishad, 1979.
*''Telugu Bhasha Charitra''. Hyderabad: Telugu Akademi.n.d.
*''Telugu Janapada Geya Gaathalu'': Telugu Folk Ballads
*''Telugu Janapada Vijnanam:'' society, culture and literature. Hyderabad: Potti Sreeramulu
*''Jaanapada saraswati''. Hyderabad: Janapada Sahitya Parishat, 1996. Telugu University, 2000 (Krishnakumari, Nayani. Ed.)

Translations:
*''Toru Dutt'' (from English to Telugu)
*''Folklore of Andhra Pradesh'' (from English to Telugu)

==Awards==
Krishnakumari has received several prestigious awards such as -
*''Gruhalakshmi Swarnakankanam''
*''Best Woman Writer of [[Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Akademi]]''
*''Best Writer'' from Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University
*''Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University Award in the best literature produced by women''
*''ASSOCHAM Ladies League, Hyderabad Women of the Decade Achievers Award for Excellence in Literature''

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://thulika.net/?p=499/ Article by Malathi Nidadavolu ]
*Narasimham, Antati. "vinaya vijnana seeli Krishnakumari". Hyderabad: Nayani Krishnakumari Sanmana sanchika. 1990. pp. 12–24.
*Premalatha, Ravi. "krishnakumari jaanapada vijnana parisodhana". Vidishi, pp. 25–27.
*Ramaraju, Biruduraju. and Krishnakumari, Nayani. Eds. ''janapada vanjmaya charitra.''
*''Vidushi: Nayani Krishnakumari sanmaana sanchika''. Ed. Chekuri Rama Rao. Hyderabad. 1990.
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krishnakumari, Nayani}}
[[Category:Telugu poets]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:People from Guntur]]
[[Category:Writers from Guntur district]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:Poets from Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women poets]]

Jomer Raja Dilo Bor

2026-03-04T00:27:45Z

LarueVesely77: add citations per standard format

{{Short description|2015 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}

{{Infobox film
| name = Jomer Raja Dilo Bor Bengali Movie
| image = File:Jomer Raja Dilo Bor Bengali Film Poster Final.jpg
| caption = Jomer Raja Dilo Bor Bengali Film Poster
| director = Abir Sengupta
| writer = Abir Sengupta
| story = Abir Sengupta
| screenplay = Abir Sengupta
| starring = [[Payel Sarkar]] [[Abir Chatterjee]] [[Rajatava Dutta]] [[Kharaj Mukherjee]] [[Laboni Sarkar]]
| producer = Prateek Chakravorty Anushree Mehta
| music = [[Anupam Roy]]
| cinematography = Pratik Deora
| studio = Pramod Films Anushree Abir Entertainment
| distributor = [[Reliance Entertainment]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2015|09|04}}
| runtime = 145 minutes
| editing = Sanjib Kumar Dutta
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| country = [[India]]
| budget =
}}
'''''Jomer Raja Dilo Bor''''' (Bengali: যমের রাজা দিল বর; transl: Lord [[Yama]] gives a boon) is a Bengali-language [[Romance film|romantic]] [[Fantasy comedy|fantasy comedy film]]<ref>{{cite news |date=18 August 2015 |title= Shoppers Stop announces its association with Bengali film |url=http://www.indiablooms.com/ibns_new/life-details/L/1121/shoppers-stop-announces-its-association-with-bengali-film.html |work=indiablooms}}</ref> starring [[Abir Chatterjee]] & [[Payel Sarkar]] in lead roles.<ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2015 |title= Abir and Paayel pair up again after Bojhena Shey Bojhena |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Abir-and-Paayel-pair-up-again-after-Bojhena-Shey-Bojhena/articleshow/46499674.cms |work=Times of India}}</ref> The film is a surreal romantic comedy directed by Abir Sengupta. Previously [[Raima Sen]] was roped in for the project but later [[Payel Sarkar]] replaced her.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 September 2014 |title= When Raima asked Yamraaj to give back her husband |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/When-Raima-asked-Yamraaj-to-give-back-her-husband/articleshow/42272247.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> [[Anupam Roy]] did the music for this film.<ref>{{cite news |date=5 June 2015 |title= How Shoojit Sircar made Anupam Roy sing Piku songs |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/how-shoojit-sircar-made-anupam-roy-sing-piku-songs/article1-1355323.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605233351/http://www.hindustantimes.com/music/how-shoojit-sircar-made-anupam-roy-sing-piku-songs/article1-1355323.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 June 2015 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>

==Synopsis==
Ria Bannerjee [[Payel Sarkar]] is an author who hates men from the core of her heart. She thinks that men only have a body, they don’t have a soul. For obvious reasons she doesn’t want to get married, but destiny makes her meet the ultimate Mr. Right called Deb Das which is played by [[Abir Chatterjee]].

They have a perfect marriage. But, fate has other plans for her. On the very first morning after her marriage, Ria finds her husband Deb dead. Destiny’s plans do not end here. She soon finds her way to Yamlok and is now face to face with Yamraj to get her husband back from the God of death Himself. But the bor or boon that the Yamraj gives to Ria changes her and Deb’s life forever. In the end they get together after all.
Some new artists like Ujjal Mohanta ( Martial Arts & Fitness Expert ) are also found in the movie.

<ref>{{cite news |date=9 March 2015 |title=Abir And Paayel To Team Up In 'Jomer Raja Dilo Bor' |url=http://www.kolkata24x7.com/entertainment-news/abir-and-paayel-to-team-up-in-jomer-raja-dilo-bor |work=Kolkata24x7 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150924022144/http://www.kolkata24x7.com/entertainment-news/abir-and-paayel-to-team-up-in-jomer-raja-dilo-bor |archivedate=24 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==Cast==

*[[Payel Sarkar]]<ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2015 |title= Raj Chakrabarty doesn't matter to me anymore: Paayel Sarkar |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/Raj-Chakrabarty-doesnt-matter-to-me-anymore-Paayel-Sarkar/articleshow/46848756.cms |work=The Times of India}}</ref> as Ria Banerjee
*[[Abir Chatterjee]] as Deb Das
*[[Rajatava Dutta]] as Yamraj 1
*[[Kharaj Mukherjee]] as Yamraj 2
*[[Laboni Sarkar]] as Indrani Banerjee
*[[Arindam Sil]] as Manohar Gyandas Pandey aka M.G Pandey
*[[Debleena Dutta]] as Jhumpa
*Sanjay Biswas
*Sumit Sammadar
*Subhasish Banerjee
*Arunava Dutta as Chitragupta
*Anisha Mandal
*Ujjal Mohanta

== Soundtrack==
{{Tracklist
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1= Ei Shono
| extra1= [[Anupam Roy]]
| title2= Jomer Raja Dilo Bor
| extra2= Nabarun Bose, Silajit Majumder
| title3= Kichhuta Rohossyo
| extra3= Anupam Roy, Somlata Acharrya
| extra4= Anindya Chatterjee, Upal Sengupta
| title4 = Kemon Borje Chaicho
}}

== Reception ==

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4959358}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MdgzeP5cL3I Official trailer] on [[YouTube]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/JRDBTheFilm Official Facebook Page] on [[Facebook]]


*
*
*
*



{{DEFAULTSORT:Jomer Raja Dilo Bor}}
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anupam Roy]]
[[Category:Bengali-language comedy horror films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language romantic comedy films]]

Teesra Kaun

2026-03-03T23:45:01Z

LarueVesely77: updated page

{{About|the 1994 film|the 1965 film|Teesra Kaun (1965 film)}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Teesra Kaun?
| image = Teesra Koun.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Partho Ghosh]]
| producer = N. N. Sippy
| writer = K. K. Singh
|based_on = {{based on|[[No.20 Madras Mail]]|[[Dennis Joseph]]}}
| narrator =
| starring = [[Chunky Pandey]] [[Mithun Chakraborty]] [[Amol Palekar]] [[Satish Shah]] [[Rakesh Bedi]]
| music = [[Anand–Milind]]
| cinematography = K. V. Ramanna
| editing = R. Rajendran
| studio = N N Sippy Productions
| distributor = [[Tips Music]]
| released = {{Film date|1994|12|23|df=yes}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Teesra Kaun?''''' (transl: '''''Who is the third person?''''') is a 1994 Indian [[Hindi]] language comedy action thriller film directed by [[Partho Ghosh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/teesra-kaun-7808/cast-crew |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126183622/https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/teesra-kaun-7808/cast-crew |url-status=live |archive-date=26 November 2020 |title=Teesra Kaun Cast & Crew |access-date=10 July 2023|website=cinestaan.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Somy Ali gets nostalgic |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/somy-ali-gets-nostalgic-216363/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref> The film is a remake of the 1990 [[Malayalam]] film ''[[No.20 Madras Mail]]'', directed by [[Joshiy]] and starring [[Mohanlal]]. It features [[Chunky Pandey]], [[Mithun Chakraborty]], [[Amol Palekar]], [[Satish Shah]], and [[Rakesh Bedi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-30 |title=Chunky Panday recalls he was 'flat broke, had no work', didn't want daughter Ananya to come to his sets: 'Went door to door…' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/chunky-panday-recalls-he-was-flat-broke-had-no-work-didnt-want-daughter-ananya-panday-to-come-to-his-sets-9698385/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> The film was a success at the box office .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teesra Kaun? - Movie - Box Office India |url=https://www.boxofficeindia.com/movie.php?movieid=3047 |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.boxofficeindia.com}}</ref>

== Plot ==
The story revolves around a train journey in Howrah-Bombay Mail. Three Bollywood-stricken, Nagpur-based slackers, Vijay Verma, Bhring Nagpurkar, and Khoka Ganguli board the Howrah-Bombay Mail, to head to Bombay to watch a cricket match and to meet Bollywood actor [[Mithun Chakraborty]].

During this trip, they drank a lot of alcohol. Vijay notices that the people in the next room in his train coach are a couple with an attractive young woman. He goes over to introduce himself and finds that the man calls himself Mr. D.K. Kadam (Amol Palekar), and the young woman's name is Manjula. Vijay wants to change his seat so that he can be near Manjula, but unfortunately, that seat is taken up by a young man, Pankaj Nigam. Vijay attempts to forcibly take the seat from Pankaj, and a fight ensues, and Vijay is asked to leave them alone. During a stopover, Pankaj leaves the train, and when the train starts, Mr. Kadam finds that Manjula has been killed.

The police begin their investigation, and they have two suspects, namely, Pankaj Nigam and Vijay Verma. They also find out that Pankaj is not who he claims to be, and that his real name is Sanjay Chopra. Further investigations prove that neither Vijay nor Pankaj could have possibly murdered Aisha Manjula, leaving the police, Vijay and his friends on one hand, and Sanjay Chopra, to hunt for the third suspect (i.e. Teesra Kaun?), the one who actually killed Manjula, and the one who may also kill anyone who stands in his/her way. Further, Mithun helps his all fans in every way. After a huge fight, it is revealed that the man who was pretending to be the father of Manjula was the murderer of Manjula's father and he blackmailed them. Finally, on confrontation with Mithun, Sanjay, and Vijay, Dr. Kadam confesses that he is the actual murderer of Manjula but he confidently states that they cannot do him any harm legally since he is spotless in the eyes of the law. Seeing this, Manjula's helpless mother shoots him dead as revenge for her daughter's murder, at the railway station in front of the police inspector who had come to arrest Dr. Kadam. She is then taken into custody by the police as the film ends with the comical trio resuming their activities once again.

==Cast==
* [[Chunky Pandey]] as Vijay Verma
* [[Mithun Chakraborty]] as Himself
* [[Amol Palekar]] as C. K. Kadam
* [[Rituparna Sengupta]] as Manjula
* [[Javed Jaffrey]] as Sanjay Chopra
* [[Somy Ali]] as Priyanka
* [[Satish Shah]] as Bhring Nagpurkar
* [[Rakesh Bedi]] as Khoka Ganguli
* [[Sadashiv Amrapurkar]] as Inspector Aditya Talwar
* [[Tinnu Anand]] as P. K. Rasiya
* [[Avtar Gill]] as Rana Saxena
* [[Himani Shivpuri]] as Shanti Verma
* [[Beena Banerjee]] as Manjula's mother (as Beena)
* K.D. Chandran as Mr. Verma
* [[Sheeba Akashdeep]] as herself, in item song Teesra Kaun
* [[Gautami]] as herself (guest appearance)
* [[Anil Dhawan]] as Anil Saxena (special appearance)
* Shashi Kiran as Film producer
* K.K Raj as a waiter in a train
* Ramesh Goyal as coolie on Akola station

==Soundtrack==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! # !! Song !! Singer
|-
| 1.
| "Band Bajega Dhol Bajenge"
| [[Udit Narayan]], Bela Sulakhe
|-
| 2.
| "Dekha Tujhe Toh Dil Gaane Laga"
| [[Bali Brahmbhatt]], [[Suneeta Rao]]
|-
| 3.
| "Humein Tumse Pyar Tha"
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Sadhana Sargam]]
|-
| 4.
| "Jab Maine Tera Naam Liya"
| [[Udit Narayan]], Bela Sulakhe
|-
| 5.
| "Kya Aankhen Hai"
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Alka Yagnik]]
|-
| 6.
| "Teesra Kaun"
| [[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]], [[Sushma Shrestha|Poornima]]
|-
| 7.
| "Love In Rain"
| [[Kumar Sanu]], [[Poornima (singer)|Poornima]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0111384|Teesra Kaun}}

[[Category:1994 films]]
[[Category:1994 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1994 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Anand–Milind]]
[[Category:Indian detective films]]
[[Category:Mithun's Dream Factory films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Ooty]]
[[Category:Hindi remakes of Malayalam films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Partho Ghosh]]
[[Category:Films about Hindi cinema]]

Rahasyam Idam Jagath

2026-03-03T09:13:16Z

LarueVesely77: adding article

{{Short description|2024 Indian Telugu-language film by Komal R Bharadwaj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| image = 1494150-rahasyam-idam-jagath.webp
| director = Komal R Bharadwaj
| writer = Ravi Teja Nitta
| producer = Padma Ravinuthula Hiranya Ravinuthula
| cinematography = Taylor Bluemel
| editing = Chota K Prasad
| music = Gyaani
| studio = Singlecell Universe Production
| released = {{Film date|2024|11|08|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Telugu
}}
'''''Rahasyam Idham Jagath''''' is a 2024 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[science fiction]] [[Thriller 25|mythological thriller]] film directed by Komal R Bharadwaj.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ABN |date=2024-08-11 |title=హ‌నుమాన్‌, క‌ల్కి.. ఇప్పుడు 'రహస్యం ఇదం జగత్'! తెలుగులో మ‌రో ఇంట్రెస్టింగ్ చిత్రం {{!}} After Kalki And Hanuman One More Interesting Movie In Tollywood ktr |url=https://www.chitrajyothy.com/2024/tollywood/after-kalki-and-hanuman-one-more-interesting-movie-in-tollywood-ktr-55704.html |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Chitrajyothy Telugu News |language=te}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=telugu |first=NT News |date=2024-10-22 |title=శ్రీచక్రం ప్రేరణగా.. |url=https://www.ntnews.com/cinema/rahasyam-idam-jagath-movie-release-date-1768655 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=www.ntnews.com |language=te}}</ref> The film was released on 8 November 2024.

== Plot ==
Abhi and Akhira are young couple living in the [[United States]]. Akira receives news of his fathers death. She decides to go back to India. Abhi also decides to go back with her. But situations flip upside down in a single night, when they choose to give party to their friends in a town. What happens on that night, will Akira meet her mom is the story.

== Cast ==

* Rakesh Galebhe as Abhiram
* Sravanthi Prattipati as Akira
* Manasa Veena as Aruni
* Bhargav GVSS as Kalyan
* Karteek Kandala as Vishwa
* Shiva Kumar Juturi as Rushi
* Adi Naidu as Aadi
* Laasya Ravinuthula as Aru Jr.

== Music ==
The film's music is composed by Gyaani.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Song From Upcoming Telugu Film Rahasyam Idam Jagath Out |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/new-song-from-upcoming-telugu-film-rahasyam-idam-jagath-out-9086628.html |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-10-13 |title=Ee Jagame Vidhiga' Lyrical Song Released from 'Rahasyam Idam Jagath |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/ee-jagame-vidhiga-lyrical-song-released-from-rahasyam-idam-jagath-914116 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Jagame Vidhiga
| length1 = 4:17
| lyrics1 = Ramesh Kumar Vakacharla
| extra1 = Ramesh Kumar Vakacharla, Harika Narayan
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Rahaysam Idam Jagath'' was released on 8 November 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=TeamIH |date=2024-11-08 |title=An Ambitious Fusion of Science and Mythology : 'Rahasyam Idham Jagath' |url=https://industryhit.com/t/rahasyam-idham-jagath-movie-review/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=IndustryHit.Com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Sangeetha Devi Dundoo of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated "appreciable effort to attempt a medley of adventure, science and mystery but falls way short of realising its potential".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=2024-11-08 |title='Rahasyam Idham Jagath' movie review: This indie film is earnest but far from engrossing |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/rahasyam-idham-jagath-movie-review-earnest-but-far-from-engrossing/article68844691.ece |access-date=2024-11-10 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Writing to ''[[The Hans India]]'', Kausalya Rachavelpula felt " ''Rahasayam Idam Jagath'' is an ambitious attempt to explore complex ideas like quantum physics, the multiverse, and alternate realities through the lens of Indian mythology".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rachavelpula |first=Kausalya |date=2024-11-08 |title=Rahasyam Idham Jagath Review |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/rahasyam-idham-jagath-review-920073 |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|33095172}}

[[Category:2024 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:2024 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian science fiction films]]
[[Category:2024 science fiction films]]
[[Category:Indian thriller films]]
[[Category:2024 thriller films]]
[[Category:Foreign films set in the United States]]

Yoithongai

2026-02-26T07:30:17Z

LarueVesely77: Made new article

{{Infobox royalty
| name = Yoithongai
| title = Khuman Ningthou
| reign = 760 C.E – 800 C.E
| reign-type = Monarch
| predecessor = [[Senba Mimaba]]
| successor = [[Haoramton]]
| birth_name = Yoithongai
| spouse = Nganurol Kaireima
| issue = Haoramhal, Haoramyai, Haoramton
| father = [[Punshi Yumoiba]]
| mother = Nganurol Chanu Khambi
| occupation = Monarch
| house = [[Khuman dynasty]]
| religion = [[Sanamahism]]
}}
{{Khuman Kingdom}}
{{Meitei people}}
'''Yoithongai''' (also spelled '''Yoithongngai''', {{Langx|mni|ꯌꯣꯢꯊꯣꯡꯉꯥꯏ}}) was a monarch of the [[Khuman dynasty]] in Ancient [[Kangleipak]] (present-day [[Manipur]], India). He reigned from approximately '''760 CE to 800 CE'''.<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466994/page/২৭/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Kangleirol |last=Khelchandra Singh |first=Ningthoukhongjam |date=1980 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |language=mni |author-link=Ningthoukhongjam Khelchandra}}</ref><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465221/page/n9/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron |last=Ibobi |first=Laikhuram |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |language=mni}}</ref> He was a contemporary of Meitei kings [[Khongtekcha]] and [[Keirencha]] of the [[Ningthouja dynasty]].<ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra3">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466468/page/10/mode/thumb |title=Khuman Ningthouron Lambuba |last=Kullachandra Sharma |first=B. |date=1998 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |language=mni}}</ref><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba3">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.465404/page/n9/mode/thumb |title=Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba |last=Kullachandra |first=B. |date=1989-03-15 |publisher=Digital Library of India; Internet Archive |language=mni}}</ref>

== Life and reign ==
Yoithongai was the son of King [[Punshi Yumoiba]] and Queen Nganurol Chanu Khambi. After Punshi Yumoiba's death around 700 CE, the throne was passed to Senba Mimaba, a maternal grandson from the [[Luwang dynasty]]. During Senba's rule, Yoithongai held the position of deputy king.<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra" /><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron" /><ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra3" /><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba3" />

After Senba's death, Yoithongai led a successful rebellion and seized the throne in 760 CE. His accession marked the restoration of the Khuman dynasty's patrilineal line. As a result of this political shift, Senba's three sons fled the kingdom: the eldest, '''Laiku''', relocated to '''Leitang'''; the second, '''Laikha''', went to '''Uchiwa'''; and the youngest, '''Laipha''', moved to the '''Maring''' region, where he assimilated with the local Maring people.<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra" /><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron" /><ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra3" /><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba3" />

== Legacy ==
Yoithongai ruled until approximately 800 CE. He was succeeded by his youngest son, [[Haoramton]]. His reign is noted in the Khuman chronicles for reestablishing the paternal bloodline of the dynasty following the brief Luwang dominance.<ref name=":Khuman Kangleirol_Khelchandra" /><ref name=":Khuman Kangleiron Amasung Laikhuram Shageigee Meihouron" /><ref name=":Khuman_Ningthouron_Lambuba_Kullachandra3" /><ref name=":Khumal Ningthourol Lambuba3" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Khuman kings]]
[[Category:8th-century Indian monarchs]]

Tirah

2026-02-23T17:59:54Z

LarueVesely77:

{{short description|Region north-western Pakistan}}
{{For|the language of Vanuatu|Tirax}}
{{Use Pakistani English|date=August 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2024}}
{{infobox valley
| name = Tirah
| native_name = {{plainlist|
* {{Langx|Ur|وادئ تیراہ}}
* {{Langx|ps|د تیرا دره}}
}}
| other_name =
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| river =
| map_image = TirahValley Khyber Agency.jpg
| map_caption =
| location =
| coordinates =
| area =
| towns = [[Aka Khel]]
| boundaries =
}}

'''Tirah''', also called the '''Tirah Valley''' ({{Langx|Ur|وادئ تیراہ}}; {{langx|ps|د تیرا دره}}), and sometimes spelled '''Terah''' ({{langx|ps|تیراہ|links=no}}), is a mountainous region located in the [[Orakzai District]] and the southern portion of the [[Khyber District]], positioned between the [[Khyber Pass]] and the Khanki Valley in [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Giustozzi |first=Antonio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nynR_73lsuYC&pg=PA275 |title=Decoding the New Taliban: Insights from the Afghan Field |date=August 2012 |publisher=C. Hurst (Publishers) Limited |isbn=978-1-84904-226-0 |pages=275 |language=en}}</ref> Due to its proximity to the [[Durand Line|Afghan-Pakistan border]] and challenging terrain, maintaining control of Tirah has been historically difficult for the [[Government of Pakistan]]. In 2003, for the first time since Pakistan's independence, the [[Pakistan Army|Army]] entered the Tirah Valley.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Yusufzai |first1=Rahimullah |title=Waziristan: Bin Laden's hiding place? |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3532841.stm |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=news.bbc.co.uk |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=4 March 2004 |language=en}}</ref>

The region is predominantly inhabited by [[Pashtuns]], with minority communities referred to as Hamsaya (protected peoples), including a [[Sikhs|Sikh community]] primarily involved in trade and other professions.<ref>{{cite news |title=In pictures: Valley of change |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/photo_gallery/3225183.stm |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=news.bbc.co.uk |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=31 October 2003 |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Khaledafridi-my-beautiful-village-tirah-valley-khyber-agency-fata1.jpg|thumb|A photo of the Tirah Valley when it's verdant.]]
The ancient inhabitants of Tirah and the surrounding areas were the [[Tirahi]]s, an [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan ethnic group]], who were driven out of the country by [[Pir Roshan]]; and a remnant of them fled to [[Nangrahar|Nangarhar]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Konow |first=Sten |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg1KAAAAYAA |title=Acta Orientalia, Volumes 11-12 |date=1933 |publisher=Munksgaard |page=161 |author-link=Sten Konow}}</ref> Soon afterwards, in 1619 or 1620, [[Mahabat Khan]], Subahdar of Kabul under the emperor [[Jahangir]], treacherously massacred 300 Daulatzai Orakzai, who were Roshania converts; and, during his absence on a visit to Jahangir at [[Rohtas Fort|Rohtas]], Ghairat Khan was sent with a large force via [[Kohat]] to invade Tirah. He advanced to the foot of the Sampagha pass, which was held by the Roshanias under Ihdad and the Daulatzai under Malik Tor.<ref name="IGI389">[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V23_395.gif Tīrāh - Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 23, p. 389.]</ref>

The [[Rajput]]s attacked the former and the latter were assailed by Ghairat Khan's own troops, but the Mughal forces were repulsed with great loss. Six years later, however, Muzaffar Khan, son of Khwaja Abdul Hasan, then [[Subahdar]] of [[Kabul]], marched against Ihdad by the Sugawand pass and [[Gardez]], and after five or six months' fighting Ihdad was shot and his head sent to Jahangir. His followers then took refuge in the Lowaghar; and subsequently Abdul Kadir, Ihdad's son, and his widow Alai, returned to Tirah. The death of Jahangir in 1627 was the signal for a general uprising of the Pashtuns against the Mughal domination. Muzaffar Khan was attacked on his way from [[Peshawar]] to Kabul, and severely handled by the Orakzai and Afridis, while Abdul Kadir attacked Peshawar, plundered the city, and invested the citadel.<ref name="IGI389"/>

Abdul Kadir was, however, compelled by the jealousy of the Afghans to abandon the siege and retire to Tirah, whence he was induced to come into Peshawar. There he died in 1635. The Mughals sent a fresh expedition against his followers in Tirah; and Yusuf, the Afridi, and Asar Mir, the Omkzai chief, were at length induced to submit, and received lands at [[Panipat]] near [[Delhi]]. Simultaneously operations were undertaken in [[Kurram District|Kurram]]. Yet, in spite of these measures, Mir Yakut, the imperial Diwan at Peshawar, was sent to Tirah in 1658 to repress an Orakzai and Afridi revolt. Since the decay of the Mughal empire Tirah has been virtually independent, though owning at times a nominal allegiance to Kabul.<ref name="IGI389"/>

Tirah was chiefly notable as the scene of the [[Tirah Campaign]] that the British launched in 1897.<ref name="IGI389"/> It was a [[cul-de-sac]] in the mountains and the difficulty of its [[Mountain pass|pass]]es and the fierceness of its inhabitants had hitherto preserved it inviolable from all invaders.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Tirah|volume=26|page=1005}}</ref>

According to a legend a group of Pashtuns living in Tirah, the [[Orakzai]], got their name from an exiled prince from far away Persia.<ref>"Census of India, 1901, Volume 17, Part 1" by India Census Commissioner, Edward Albert Gait. Published by the Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India, 1902. Pg 149.</ref>

A sub tribe known as the Oriya Khel belonged to the Zaka Khel clan of the Afridi tribe. They inhabited the Tirah Valley and are now located in Cherat [[Saleh Khana]]. Although they now fall under the [[Khattak]] tribe, the Oriya Khel acknowledge their lineage and still continue to call themselves Afridi. This can be proven as the land records of Saleh Khana showed they initially belonged to Afridis and to this day the inhabitants have not changed. Furthermore the villagers of Saleh Khana still wear their turbans and grow their moustache like Afridis, customs which have been passed down by the elders.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

Since 2011, the security situation in the Tirah Valley has steadily deteriorated due to ongoing conflict between numerous armed militant groups, primarily the [[Pakistani Taliban|Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan]] (TTP) and [[Lashkar-e-Islam]], and Pakistan Security Forces.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Afridi |first1=Jamaima |title=For Tirah Valley’s internally displaced, there’s no way home |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1858719/for-tirah-valleys-internally-displaced-theres-no-way-home |access-date=19 September 2024 |work=dawn.com |publisher=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |date=17 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref> This conflict has led to the displacement of over one million people, forced from their homes by rising extremism and militancy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan: Humanitarian Snapshot - Internal Displacement in Tirah Valley |url=https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/pakistan/pakistan-humanitarian-snapshot-internal-displacement-tirah-valley-31-may-2014 |website=www.unocha.org |publisher=United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) |access-date=19 September 2024 |language=en |date=3 June 2014}}</ref>

On 28 July 2025, there was a [[2025 Tirah Valley shooting|mass shooting by unknown assailants]] against local protestors outside of a Frontier Corps brigade headquarter. Six of the protesters were killed and 15 were injured.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shinwari |first=Ibrahim |date=2025-07-28 |title=Seven lives lost as protest turns violent in Tirah |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1927004 |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=7 dead, 20 injured in Pak army firing on Pashtun protesters |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/world/7-dead-20-injured-in-pak-army-firing-on-pashtun-protesters/ |access-date=2025-09-15 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

On 22 September 2025, an [[September 2025 Tirah airstrike|air strike]] killed at least 30 while trying to target TTP militants.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-22 |title=At least 30 killed as Pak fighter jets bomb Khyber Pakhtunkhwa village - CNBC TV18 |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/world/30-civilians-women-children-killed-pak-fighter-jets-bomb-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-village-ws-l-19683104.htm |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakistan: More than 20 killed during raid in border region – DW – 09/22/2025 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/pakistan-more-than-20-killed-during-raid-in-border-region/a-74099053 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=dw.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayat |first=Dawn com {{!}} Umar Bacha {{!}} Arif |date=2025-09-22 |title=KP govt condemns ‘civilian deaths in Tirah operation’, announces Rs10m each for victims’ families |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1943886 |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Dawn |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rahmati |first=Fidel |date=2025-09-22 |title=Pakistan Airstrike in Khyber District Leaves 20 Dead, Sparks Protests |url=https://www.khaama.com/pakistan-airstrike-in-khyber-district-leaves-20-dead-sparks-protests/ |access-date=2025-09-22 |work=Khaama Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Azizi |first=Ahmad |date=2025-09-22 |title=Airstrike in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa kills 24 civilians, sources say |url=https://amu.tv/201362/ |access-date=2025-09-22 |website=Amu TV |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Geography ==
Tirah comprises an area of some six to seven hundred square miles and includes under this general name all the valleys lying round the source of the [[Bara River]]. The five chief valleys are [[Maidan (Tirah)|Maidan]], Rajgul, Waran, Bara and Mastura. Maidan, the summer home of the Afridis, lies close under the snow-bound ridges of the [[Safed Koh]] at an elevation of about {{convert|7,400|ft|m|abbr=on}}. It is an oval [[plain]] about seven to {{convert|8|mi|km|spell=in}} long, and three or four wide, and slopes inwards towards the centre of its northern side, where all the drainage gathered from the four corners of the plain is shot into a narrow [[corkscrew]] outlet leading to the Bara Valley.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Centuries of [[detritus]] accumulated in this basin have filled it up with rich [[alluvial]] [[soil]] and made it one of the most fertile valleys on the frontier. All its alluvial slopes are [[terrace (agriculture)|terraced]] and revetted and [[irrigate]]d till every yard is made productive. Here and there dotted about in clusters all over the plain are square-built two storey [[mud]] and [[timber]] houses, standing in the shade of gigantic [[walnut]] and [[mulberry]] trees. Up on the hillsides surrounding the Maidan basin are wild [[olive]]s in wide-grown clumps, almost amounting to [[forest]], and occasional [[pomegranate]]s.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Higher still are the [[blue pine]]s; but below on the shelving plains are nothing but [[fruit tree]]s. Rajgul Valley lies north of Maidan, from which it is separated by a steep valley and well-wooded spur, eight to nine thousand feet high, and west of the Bara Valley, which it joins at Dwatoi. It is {{convert|10|mi|km|spell=in}} long, four to {{convert|5|mi|km|spell=in}} at its widest, and has an elevation of {{convert|5000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. It is inhabited by the Kuki Khel Afridis. The Waran Valley is another valley about the same size as Maidan, lying east of it, and separated from it by the Tseri-Kandao Pass. It was the home of the Afridi [[mullah]] Sayad Akbar. and is the country of the Aka Khels. After the junction of the Rajgul and Maidan drainage at Dwatoi, the united [[stream]] receives the name of Bara, and the valley through which it flows down to its exit in the Peshawar Valley is also known by this name. The elevation of the valley is from {{convert|5,000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. at Dwatoi to 2000 at Kajurai; on the north side it is hemmed in by the Surghar range, which divides it from the Bazar Valley; on the south lies another range dividing it from Maidan and the Waran Valley.<ref name="EB1911"/>

The heat of the Bara Valley in summer is said to be excessive, [[malaria]] is prevalent, and [[mosquito]]es very troublesome, so the [[Hamlet (place)|hamlets]] are deserted and the Afridis migrate to the pleasant heights of Maidan. The Mastura Valley occupies the southern half of Tirah, and is inhabited by the Orakzais. It is one of the prettiest valleys on the frontier, lying at an elevation of {{convert|6,000|ft|m|abbr=on}}. The Orakzais live, for the most part, in the [[Miranzai Valley]], in the winter, and retreat to Mastura, like the Afridis, during the summer months.<ref name="EB1911"/>

The chief passes in Tirah are the Sampagha Pass (6,500 ft), separating the Khanki Valley from the Mastura Valley; the Arhanga Pass (6,99E ft.), separating Mastura Valley from Maidan; Saran Sar (8,650 ft), leading from the Zakka Khel portion of Maidan into the Bara Valley; the Tseri Kandao (8,575 ft), separating Maidan from the Waran Valley, and the Sapri Pass (5,190 ft), leading from the east of the Mastura Valley into the Bara Valley in the direction of Mamanai. The whole of Tirah was thoroughly explored and mapped at the time of the Tirah Campaign.<ref name="EB1911"/>

== Recent Events: Conflict, Displacement, and an Uneasy Peace ==
In the 21st century, the Tirah Valley became a major theater of conflict in Pakistan's war on terror. The locals were displaced and faced the toughest time of their lives, especially after the Soviet and then the US invasion of Afghanistan

=== Rise of Militancy ===
Following the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|U.S. invasion of Afghanistan]] in 2001, the valley's remote terrain became an ideal sanctuary for various militant groups. The [[Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)|Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP]]) and its affiliates, along with the [[Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan|Ansar al-Islam]] and the powerful local group [[Lashkar-e-Islam]] (LI), led by commander [[Mangal Bagh]], established strongholds in the valley. They imposed a strict version of [[Sharia|Islamic law]], challenged the state's authority, and used the area to launch attacks in other parts of [[Pakistan]].

=== Military Operations and Displacement ===
To re-establish its control, the Pakistan Armed Forces launched a series of major military operations in the mid-2010s, most notably [[Operation Khyber|Operation Khyber-I]] (2014) and [[Operation Khyber|Operation Khyber-II]] (2015). These operations involved intense ground and air campaigns aimed at clearing militant sanctuaries.

The fighting resulted in a massive humanitarian crisis. The vast majority of the valley's population, estimated at over half a million people, was forced to flee their homes, becoming Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). Many sought refugees in camps like Jalozai or with host families in settled districts of [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]. Thousands of men got arrested and killed of suspected links to the commanders of Taliban.

=== Return and Current Situation ===
After the successful conclusion of military operations around 2017-2018, the government began facilitating the return of the displaced population. The security situation has significantly improved, and a sense of normalcy is gradually returning. However, the challenges remain immense:

* '''Security:''' While large-scale militant control is gone, the region remains fragile. There are sporadic security incidents and concerns about the re-emergence of militant cells, particularly due to the porous border with Afghanistan. A heavy presence of Pakistani security forces remains to maintain peace.
* '''Reconstruction:''' The conflict left infrastructure, including schools, clinics, and homes, severely damaged or destroyed. The government and army have been involved in reconstruction efforts, but progress is slow.
* '''Economic Hardship:''' The local economy, which historically relied on smuggling and subsistence agriculture, was devastated. Reviving livelihoods and creating sustainable economic opportunities is a major priority.
* '''Administrative Merger:''' Following the 2018 merger of FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the valley is now under the regular legal and administrative system of Pakistan, ending the era of the FCR. The transition is ongoing and aims to bring governance and development to the region.

== Notable persons ==
* [[Sher Ali Afridi]] – An assassin of [[Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo|Lord Mayo]], the [[Viceroy of India]],.<ref name="Chick 1872">{{cite book | last=Chick | first=N.A. | title=In Memoriam : a Complete Record ... of All the Mournful Circumstances ... in Connection with the Assassination of the Late Earl of Mayo ... | publisher=T. S. Smith | year=1872 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q79xNhwNJcUC&pg=PA42 | access-date=2023-07-03 | page=42}}</ref>
* [[Mir Mast Afridi]] – Pashtun defector of the British army in [[World War I]] to the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman cause]] who organised the Afghans to fight the [[British Raj|British Indian Empire]] at the border area

== See also ==
* [[Tirah Memorial]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord missing|Khyber Pakhtunkhwa}}

[[Category:Regions of Pakistan]]
[[Category:Valleys of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]]
[[Category:Orakzai District]]

Rajat Gupta

2026-02-16T09:02:58Z

LarueVesely77: refine layout per sources and corrected details

{{short description|Indian-American business executive (born 1948)}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rajat Gupta
| birthname = Rajat Kumar Gupta
| image = Rajat Kumar Gupta - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting Davos 2010 crop.jpg
| caption = Gupta in 2010
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1948|12|2}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Dominion of India|India]] (now Kolkata)
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse = Anita Mattoo
| children = 4
| title = Senior partner emeritus, former global managing director
| employer = [[McKinsey & Company]]
| education = [[IIT Delhi]] ([[Bachelor of Technology|BTech]]) [[Harvard Business School|Harvard University]] ([[Master of Business Administration|MBA]])
| criminal_charge = {{plainlist|
* [[Conspiracy (crime)|Conspiracy]] (one count)
* [[Securities fraud]] (three counts)}}
| criminal_penalty = {{plainlist|
* Two years imprisonment
* $5 million fine}}
| criminal_status = Convicted
}}

'''Rajat Kumar Gupta''' ({{IPA|bn|ɾɔdʒɔt kumaɾ ɡuptɔ}}; born {{Birth date|1948|12|2}}) is an [[Indian-American]] business executive who, as [[Chief executive officer|CEO]], was the first foreign-born [[managing director]] of management consultancy firm [[McKinsey & Company]] from 1994 to 2003. In 2012, he was convicted of [[insider trading]] and spent two years in prison. Gupta was a board member of corporations including [[Goldman Sachs]], [[Procter & Gamble]] and [[American Airlines]], as well as an advisor to non-profit organizations such as the [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation]] and [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]. He is the co-founder of the [[Indian School of Business]], [[American India Foundation]], [[New Silk Route]] and [[DSQ Software|Scandent Solutions]].

Gupta was convicted in June 2012 of four criminal felony counts of [[conspiracy (crime)|conspiracy]] and [[securities fraud]] in the [[Galleon Group|Galleon scandal]]. He was sentenced in October 2012 to two years in prison, an additional year on supervised release and ordered to pay $5 million in fines.<ref name=latimesprison>Tangel, Andrew, [https://www.latimes.com/business/la-xpm-2012-oct-24-la-fi-mo-gupta-sentenced-20121024-story.html "Ex-Goldman director gets two years in jail for insider trading"], ''latimes.com'', October 24, 2012.</ref> His conviction was upheld by a Federal Appeals Court on 25 March 2014.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/court-rejects-rajat-guptas-appeal/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0|title=Federal Court Rejects Gupta's Appeal for New Trial|first=Ben |last=Protess |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date= March 25, 2014}}</ref> He then lodged an appeal of his conviction with the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] which was subsequently upheld in April 2015. An application to remain free until the court determined whether it would hear the appeal was denied in June 2014, leaving Gupta having to commence his two-year prison term that month.<ref name="GuptaProceedings">{{cite news |title=Ex-Goldman director Gupta loses bid to stay out of prison |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-crime-insidertrading-gupta-idUSKBN0EM2E420140611 |access-date=June 11, 2014 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> He was released on monitored house arrest in January 2016 and from house arrest in March 2016.

==Early life and education==
Rajat Gupta was born in [[Calcutta]], India, to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] father Ashwini Gupta and a [[Punjabis|Punjabi]] mother Pran Kumari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/books/i-made-a-mistake-i-should-have-told-my-story-rajat-gupta/cid/1687836?ref=features_home-template|title=I made a mistake. I should have told my story: Rajat Gupta|last=Gupta|first=Rajat|date=31 March 2019}}</ref> His father was a journalist for [[Ananda Publishers]] and a professor in Calcutta's Ripon College prior to that. His mother taught at a [[Montessori school]]. Gupta has 3 siblings.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-18 |title=Rajat Gupta: Business Today Cover Story |url=http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-11-18 |access-date=2023-03-30 }}</ref>

When Gupta was five the family moved to [[New Delhi]], where his father went to start the Delhi-edition of the newspaper ''[[Hindustan Standard]]''. Gupta's father died when Gupta was sixteen and his mother died two years later. Now orphans, Gupta and his siblings "decided to live by ourselves. It was pretty unusual in those days."<ref name="autogenerated5"/>

He was a student at [[Modern School (New Delhi)|Modern School]] in New Delhi. After high school, Gupta ranked 15th in the nation in the entrance exam for the Indian Institutes of Technology, [[IIT JEE]]. He received a Bachelor of Technology degree in [[Mechanical Engineering]] from [[IIT Delhi]] in 1971. His economics professor at IIT Delhi was [[Subramanian Swamy]], who wrote his recommendation letter when he applied for [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-27 |title=Rajat Gupta: Grace And Disgrace |url=https://openthemagazine.com/features/profile/rajat-gupta-grace-and-disgrace/ |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=Open The Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannan |first=Indira |title=Security fraud: Rajat Gupta's trial begins on May 21, could face jail for 105 years |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/the-big-story/story/20120521-securities-fraud-rajat-gupta-trail-on-may-21-could-be-jailed-for-105-years-758373-2012-05-11 |access-date=2022-09-14 |website=India Today |date=11 May 2012 |language=en}}</ref> Declining a job from the prestigious domestic firm [[ITC Limited]], he received an [[MBA]] from Harvard Business School in 1973. Gupta graduated with distinction as a Baker Scholar.<ref name="https://books.google.com/books?id">Helyar, John, Carol Hymowitz and Mehul Srivastava. [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-17/gupta-secretly-defied-mckinsey-before-sec-s-tipster-accusation.html “Rajat Gupta Secretly Defied McKinsey Before SEC Says Rajaratnam Was Tipped”]. ''Bloomberg Markets Magazine.'' May 16, 2011.</ref> Gupta remarked that the first time he saw an airplane was when he flew to ITC at their request to inform them he would be attending Harvard.<ref name="autogenerated5"/>

== Career ==

=== McKinsey & Company ===
Gupta joined McKinsey & Company in 1973 as one of the earliest [[Indian Americans]] at the consultancy. He was initially rejected because of inadequate work experience, a decision that was overturned after his Harvard Business School professor Walter J. Salmon called [[Ron Daniel (businessman)|Ron Daniel]], then head of the New York office and later also the managing director of McKinsey, wrote on Gupta's behalf.<ref name="autogenerated5">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html|title=The Superboss: How did McKinsey's Rajat Gupta become the first India-born CEO of a $1.3 billion US transnational?|magazine=[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]|date=April 22, 1994|access-date=2011-10-17|archive-date=2010-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Gupta's mentors at McKinsey included Ron Daniel, the former managing director who as senior partner first hired Gupta into the New York office, and Anupam (Tino) Puri, the first Indian at the firm and eventual senior partner.<ref name="autogenerated5" /> He, in turn, mentored [[Anil Kumar]] as another early Indian-American at the consultancy. Gupta and Kumar "were the face of McKinsey in India."<ref name="autogenerated3">{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/39076346-49ae-11e0-acf0-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211221227/https://www.ft.com/content/39076346-49ae-11e0-acf0-00144feab49a |archive-date=2022-12-11 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Elite takes sides as Gupta fights SEC charges |publisher=Ft.com |access-date=2011-05-15 }}</ref> According to ''[[Financial Times|The Financial Times]],'' "the two operated as a forceful double-act to secure business for McKinsey, win access in Washington and build a brotherhood of donors around the Hyderabad-based ISB and a handful of social initiatives."<ref name="autogenerated3"/>

Gupta began his career in New York before moving to Scandinavia to become the head of McKinsey offices in 1981. He did well in what was then considered a "backwater" area; this is where he first made his mark.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/10/26/a-stunning-fall-from-grace-for-a-star-executive/ | work=The New York Times | first=Peter | last=Lattman | title=A Stunning Fall From Grace for a Star Executive | date=2011-10-26}}</ref> Elected senior partner in 1984, he became head of the Chicago office in 1990.

In 1994 he was elected the firm's first managing director (chief executive) born outside of the US, and then re-elected twice in 1997 and 2000. Gupta is widely regarded as one of the first Indians to successfully break through the [[glass ceiling]], as the first Indian-born CEO of a multinational corporation (not just a consultancy).<ref name=BW01>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110522054910/http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_22/b4230056624680.htm ''Business Week''].</ref> During Gupta's time as head of McKinsey, the firm opened offices in 23 new countries and doubled its consultant base to 891 partners, increasing revenue 280 percent to $3.4 billion.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/03/the_tempting_of_rajat_gupta.html |title=The Tempting of Rajat Gupta|author=Kiechel, Walter |journal=Harvard Business Review | publisher=Harvard Business Review Blogs.hbr.org |date=2011-03-24 |access-date=2011-05-15|author-link=Walter Kiechel}}</ref> His annual salary was estimated at $5–10 million USD.<ref name="bloomberg2"/>

However Gupta's tenure was marked by controversy. When Gupta joined McKinsey, it was a small partnership run according to the high standards of its early leader, Marvin Bower, but by the time Gupta became managing director, McKinsey was under pressure from an increasingly competitive market, and Gupta's expansion efforts were said to have watered down McKinsey's vaunted principles.<ref name="bloomberg2"/> [[Enron]], closely identified with McKinsey, collapsed during his time as managing director. During the [[dot-com bubble]] he and Anil Kumar created a program for McKinsey to accept payment from its clients in stock. Gupta's accountability for the shifting of standards was weighed differently by different observers, and some defended him noting that the managing director's job was like trying to "herd cats"; Gupta himself described it as "a sort of servant-leader job," with "at least 150, if not 400, leaders".<ref name="bloomberg2">{{cite magazine|last=Andrews |first=Suzanna |url=http://www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/11_22/b4230056624680.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122223921/http://www.businessweek.com/print/magazine/content/11_22/b4230056624680.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 22, 2012 |title=How Rajat Gupta Came Undone (cover) |magazine=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |date= May 19, 2011|access-date=2011-05-19}}</ref> In what was seen as a reaction against Gupta's aggressive firm expansion, Gupta's successor [[Ian Davis (businessman)|Ian Davis]] was elected by "emphasizing the need for a return to the McKinsey heritage".<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2003/nf2003037_8945_db016.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030314052218/http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/mar2003/nf2003037_8945_db016.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 14, 2003 |title=At McKinsey, the Winner Is... Ian Davis will take over as ...|author=Byrne, John A. |magazine=Businessweek.com |date=2003-03-07 |access-date=2011-05-15}}</ref>

After completing three full terms (the maximum allowed, by a rule he had himself initiated) and nearly a decade as head of the firm, Gupta became [[senior partner]] again in 2003 and senior partner [[emeritus]] in 2007.<ref name="autogenerated5"/><ref>{{cite magazine|author=Byrne, John A. |url=http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1994/b336635.arc.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331192237/http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1994/b336635.arc.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 31, 2010 |title=A 'Global Citizen' for a global McKinsey |magazine=Businessweek.com |date=1994-04-11 |access-date=2011-05-15}}</ref> According to close friends when he stepped down as McKinsey management director, Gupta lost what NYU's Lechner called "the halo effect" including the tremendous status afforded by his previous role. Gupta reportedly began to express a certain resentment about money, as his peers in Silicon Valley and Wall Street (including McKinsey's private equity clients) at the time "raking in staggering amounts of money while Gupta soldiered on with a mere senior partner's millions".<ref name="bloomberg2"/>

Gupta maintained an office, executive assistant, email and phone at McKinsey and Company after 2007,<ref name = "mccool">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/128705/20110331/mckinsey-in-uncomfortable-rajaratnam-trial-glare.htm |title=McKinsey in uncomfortable Rajaratnam trial glare |publisher=Ibtimes.com |date=2011-03-31 |access-date=2011-05-15 |archive-date=2012-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915041900/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/128705/20110331/mckinsey-in-uncomfortable-rajaratnam-trial-glare.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> and maintained the title "senior partner emeritus" of the firm.<ref name="Related Articles">{{cite web |url=http://nsrpartners.com/team_rajat_gupta.html |title=Rajat Gupta | NSR (access denied) |work=Nsrpartners.com |access-date=2012-05-12 |archive-date=2011-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806102830/http://nsrpartners.com/team_rajat_gupta.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> He also continued to receive a salary from McKinsey as senior partner emeritus, totaling $6 million in 2008 and $2.5 million for each of the following three years.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303640104577440451784326274 | work=The Wall Street Journal | first1=Chad | last1=Bray | first2=Reed | last2=Albergotti | title=Charged Questions Barred | date=2012-06-01}}</ref> However, in the wake of subsequent scandals a McKinsey spokesperson was quoted as saying, "Our firm no longer has a professional relationship with Rajat Gupta."<ref name = "Reu01">{{cite news|last=McCool |first=Grant, and Dena Aubin|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-galleon-rajaratnam-mckinsey-idUSTRE72T4GK20110330 |title=McKinsey in uncomfortable Rajaratnam trial glare |publisher=Reuters.com |date= 2011-03-30|access-date=2011-05-16}}</ref> According to ''[[NDTV]]'', "sources tell us that the firm dropped Mr Gupta from its alumni database, and called clients worldwide to say that they would have nothing to do with him going forward." The manner in which the firm severed ties with its former head attracted some controversy.<ref>Jacob, Sarah, [http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/did-mckinsey-co-throw-rajat-gupta-under-the-bus-215594 "Did McKinsey & Co throw Rajat Gupta under the bus?"], ''New Delhi TV'', May 25, 2012.</ref> After his release from prison, Gupta continued to be rebuffed by McKinsey.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/RX6q154ZdksFGF6yJ4jLJN/Rajat-Gupta-struggles-to-restore-his-reputation-report.html|title=Rajat Gupta struggles to restore his reputation: report|first=Yoshita|last=Singh|date=16 August 2017|website=Mint|access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref>

=== Outside McKinsey & Company ===

In 1997 Gupta co-founded the [[Indian School of Business]] (ISB) with friend and fellow senior partner Anil Kumar. The school was ranked number 13 in the world by ''The Financial Times'' in its Global MBA Rankings 2011.<ref>[http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/indian-school-of-business/global-mba-rankings-2011#global-mba-rankings-2011 Indian School of Business] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901222859/http://rankings.ft.com/businessschoolrankings/indian-school-of-business/global-mba-rankings-2011#global-mba-rankings-2011 |date=2011-09-01 }}, ''The Financial Times'', n.d., copyright 2010.</ref> Gupta and Kumar have both since resigned as chairman and executive board director respectively.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/5140262.cms | work=The Times Of India | title=Anil Kumar seeks leave of absence from ISB board | date=2009-10-20}}</ref><ref name="intoday1">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/india/story/rajat-gupta-quits-as-indian-school-of-business-chairman-130713-2011-03-20 |title=Rajat Gupta quits as Indian School of Business chairman|work=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date=2011-03-21 |access-date=2011-05-15}}</ref>

Before stepping down as managing director he co-founded Scandent Solutions with Ramesh Vangal and the [[American India Foundation]] with Victor Menezes and Lata Krishnan. After McKinsey Gupta co-founded and chaired the private equity firm [[New Silk Route]], formerly named Taj Capital Partners, with [[Parag Saxena]] and [[Victor Menezes]].

In 2005, five years after [[Raj Rajaratnam]] "gave generously to two of Gupta's favorite Indian causes", Gupta, Rajaratnam and Ravi Trehan, an investor via BroadStreet Group and another friend of Gupta, co-founded Voyager Capital, 80% owned by Rajaratnam and capitalized at $50 million.

Gupta has served on several corporate boards as a director during his career. He became a member of the board of [[Procter & Gamble]] in 2007, and held that post until March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gupta resigns from Procter & Gamble board|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/news/2011/03/01/gupta-resigns-from-procter-gamble.html|publisher=Business Courier|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> He was also a member of the board of investment bank [[Goldman Sachs]] from 2006 until the expiration of his term in 2010.<ref>{{cite news|title=Goldman Names Wal-Mart Chairman as Board Candidate|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2010/03/22/ex-mckinsey-head-steps-down-from-goldman-board/?ref=rajatkgupta|access-date=23 August 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=March 22, 2012}}</ref> Gupta was also the non-executive chairman of [[Genpact]] from 2007 until March 2011. He also served on the board of [[AMR Corporation|AMR]], the parent company of [[American Airlines]], from 2008 until 2011, and on the board of [[Harman International]] from 2009 to 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Rajat Gupta: Executive Profile and Biography|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=162849&ticker=SBER03:RM&previousCapId=26939507&previousTitle=Zurich%20International%20%28Bermuda%29%20Ltd.|magazine=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=23 August 2012}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> Gupta has also served on the board of Russian bank [[Sberbank]], and as a managing advisor to [[Symphony Technology Group]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Company Overview of Symphony Technology Group|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/board.asp?privcapId=1611478|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118185151/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/board.asp?privcapId=1611478|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 18, 2013|magazine=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref>

Gupta has also served as a director of various financial groups. In addition to his work at Goldman Sachs, Gupta served as an advisory partner with Fjord Capital Partners<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajat Gupta|url=http://www.fjordcap.com/En/teammembers/24|publisher=Fjord Capital Partners|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> and as chairman of the advisory board for Clutch Group. Gupta was also a member of the advisory board for OmniCapital Group.<ref>{{cite web|title=OmniCapital Group -Team Members |url=http://omnivc.com/Team2.htm |publisher=OmniCapital Group |access-date=23 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214205559/http://omnivc.com/Team2.htm |archive-date=February 14, 2009 }}</ref>

== Philanthropy ==

Gupta's philanthropic, charitable, and volunteer efforts mainly focus on the areas of education, global health, and global business.

In the past, Gupta has been involved with a number of universities and other educational institutions, volunteering and serving as chairman and member of several boards and councils. As of 2011, he has either resigned or taken leaves of absence from the boards on which he served as director or chairman.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rajat-gupta-quits-as-indian-school-of-business-chairman/765610/ |title=Rajat Gupta quits as Indian School of Business chairman|newspaper= The Indian Express |date= March 22, 2011}}</ref>

In June 1995, Gupta was elected to the [[University of Chicago|University of Chicago's]] board of trustees.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950928/summer.shtml |title=SUMMER NEWS update|publisher= the University of Chicago Chronicle |date= September 28, 1995}}</ref> He also served as a member of the Yale President's Council.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=162849&ticker=SBER03:RM&previousCapId=26939507&previousTitle=Zurich%20International%20(Bermuda)%20Ltd|title=Executive Profile-Rajat Kumar Gupta|magazine= Bloomberg Businessweek |access-date= August 24, 2012}}{{dead link|date=April 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

Gupta co-founded the Indian Institute of Technology Alumni Association. He was chairman and served on the advisory board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iitaa.org.au/docs/advt_mktg_slides.pdf/ |title=IIT Alumni Association of Australia: Global Reach |publisher=IITAA |access-date=August 24, 2012 |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316121652/http://www.iitaa.org.au/docs/advt_mktg_slides.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

With Anil Kumar, Gupta co-founded the Indian School of Business, and was chairman of the governing and executive boards.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rajat-gupta-quits-as-indian-school-of-business-chairman/765610/ |title=Rajat Gupta quits as Indian School of Business chairman |newspaper= The Indian Express |date= March 22, 2011}}</ref>

Gupta served as chairman of the board of associates of the Harvard Business School,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allamericanspeakers.com/speakers/Rajat-Gupta/7499 |title=Rajat Gupta|publisher= All American Speakers LLC |access-date= August 24, 2012}}</ref> and was a member of the board of governors for the [[Lauder Institute|Lauder Institute of Management & International Studies]] at [[The Wharton School]], [[University of Pennsylvania]]. Additionally he served on the Dean's advisory council at the [[MIT Sloan School of Management]] and on the advisory board of [[Northwestern University|Northwestern University's]] [[Kellogg School of Management]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/blackboard/rajat-gupta |title=Rajat Gupta |first= Robert W. |last=Johnson|publisher= Business Insider, Inc |date= March 1, 2011}}</ref>

Gupta was a member of the Dean's advisory board of [[Tsinghua University School of Economics and Management]], and was on the board of Skolkovo.<ref name=BBw01/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/432787.cms | title=Rajat Gupta on Goldman Sachs board|date= Nov 14, 2006|work=The Times Of India}}</ref>
Gupta was on the boards of Millennium Promise and the Pratham India Education Initiative.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w4.stern.nyu.edu/include/printview.cfm?doc_id=7003&docTitle=Rajat%20Kumar%20Gupta%20Bio_ |title=Rajat Kumar Gupta bio |publisher= New York University Leonard N. Stern School of Business |access-date= August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 2009, he was elected as a Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nsrpartners.com/content/rajat-k-gupta-elected-prestigious-membership-american-academy-arts-sciences |title=Rajat K Gupta elected to the prestigious membership of The American Academy of Arts & Sciences | NSR (access denied) |work=nsrpartners.com |access-date=2012-05-12 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> In 2011, he became a founding member of the Young India Fellowship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mbauniverse.com/article.php?id=4175|title=ISB's founding Dean launches Young India Fellowship in association with UPenn|publisher=MBA Universe|date=25 January 2011|access-date=24 August 2012|archive-date=30 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730084855/http://www.mbauniverse.com/article.php?id=4175|url-status=dead}}</ref> He is the former Co-Chairman of the United Nations Association of America.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rajat-gupta-from-lofty-board-room-to-lowly-jail-cell/962762/2|title=Rajat Gupta: From lofty board room to lowly jail cell|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=16 June 2012}}</ref>

Gupta's activities in global health include serving as a founding board member and then chairman for [[The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria]]. He served from April 2007 to March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/board/|title=Board|publisher=The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> He was the co-founder and founding chairman of the Public Health Foundation of India.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.synergos.org/globalgivingmatters/features/0201aif.htm | title= Long Distance Philanthropy Brings Donors Closer to Home | access-date=2008-11-20}}</ref> He was on the board of the Emergency Management and Research Institute, Health Management Research Institute, International Partnership for Microbicides, Board for the Global Health Council,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://nymag.com/daily/intel/2012/06/guptas-guilt-and-the-good-guy-defense.html|title=How the 'Good Guy' Defense Failed Rajat Gupta|author=Kevin Roose|magazine=[[New York Magazine]]|date=15 June 2012}}</ref> the [[Global Health Council]] and the [[Harvard School of Public Health]], and the [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Weill Cornell Medical College]]. He was chairman of the advisory board and the India AIDS initiative of [[Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation|The Gates Foundation]] and its Global Health Initiative until 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/08/0821_most_successful_immigrants/15.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826121738/http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/08/0821_most_successful_immigrants/15.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 26, 2009|title= World's Most Successful Immigrants|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> He is a former member of the United Nations Commission on the Private Sector and Development,.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.undp.org/cpsd/commission.html|title=Commission Members|publisher=Commission on the Private Sector & Development|access-date=24 August 2012}}</ref> In March 2006, he was named the founding chairman for the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI). He remained in that position until resigning in March 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/narayana-murthy-was-elected-chairperson-of-the-public-health-foundation-of-india-1310735326-1|title=Narayana Murthy was Elected Chairperson of the Public Health Foundation of India|publisher=Jargan|date=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/rajat-gupta-resigns-from-public-health-foundation-of-india-board/1/14002.html|title=Rajat Gupta resigns from Public Health Foundation of India board|work=Business Today|date=14 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pm-launches-public-health-foundation/1359/0|title=PM launches Public Health Foundation|newspaper=The Indian Express|date=29 March 2006}}</ref>

In addition, he was the co-founder and co-chairman of the American India Foundation (AIF), the largest diaspora philanthropy organization focused on India and based out of the US.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aif.org/who-we-are.html|title=Who We Are|publisher=America Indian Foundation|access-date=24 August 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110212201320/http://www.aif.org/who-we-are.html|archive-date=12 February 2011}}</ref> He began the organization in response to an earthquake that struck India in 2001, with its initial goal to help victims.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-05-17/gupta-secretly-defied-mckinsey-before-sec-s-tipster-accusation.html|title=Gupta Secretly Defied McKinsey Before SEC Tip Accusation|author=Helyar, John, Carol Hymowitz and Mehul Srivastava|magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|date=17 May 2011}}</ref> From 2006 to 2011, he served as a trustee for the Rockefeller Foundation.<ref name=BBw01>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090505090225/http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=162849&privcapId=7690731&previousCapId=168569&previousTitle=AMR%20Corporation Executive profile: Rajat Kumar Gupta], ''Bloomberg Businessweek''.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/press-releases/david-rockefeller-jr-ann-fudge-rajat|title=David Rockefeller, Jr., Ann Fudge and Rajat Gupta to join the Rockefeller Foundation Board of Trustees|work=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|date=17 October 2006|access-date=13 January 2012|archive-date=1 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101211033/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/press-releases/david-rockefeller-jr-ann-fudge-rajat|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Throughout his career, Gupta has been a part of various global business initiatives. He was previously the chairman of the International Chamber of Commerce,<ref>{{cite web|title=ICC activities for the Seoul G20 Summit|url=http://www.iccwbo.org/global-influence/g20/icc-and-g8-g20/icc-activities-for-the-seoul-g20-summit/|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> and was appointed as special assistant to the Secretary General for Management Reform for UN Secretary General [[Kofi Annan]] in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Goldman Sachs director Rajat Gupta pleads not guilty|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/former-goldman-sachs-director-rajat-gupta-pleads-not-guilty-released-on-10-million-bail-144412|publisher=NDTV|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> From 2008 to 2010, Gupta was a member of the foundation board for the [[World Economic Forum]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajat Kumar Gupta|url=http://www.weforum.org/contributors/rajat-kumar-gupta|publisher=World Economic Forum|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> Gupta was chairman of the U.S.-India Business Council from 2002 to 2005.<ref>{{cite web|title=Inaugural Address of Rajat K. Gupta, Incoming Chairman, USIBC|url=http://www.usindiafriendship.net/archives/usindiavision/gupta.htm|publisher=US-India Friendship.net|access-date=23 August 2012|archive-date=5 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070605143532/http://www.usindiafriendship.net/archives/usindiavision/gupta.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Charles R. Kaye to Assume Chairmanship of U.S.-India Business Council|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/charles-r-kaye-to-assume-chairmanship-of-us-india-business-council-54117437.html|publisher=PR Newswire|access-date=23 August 2012}}</ref> He served on Indian Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]'s global advisory council from its inception until early 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Duttagupta|first=Ishan|title=Manmohan Singh's global advisory council will miss Rajat Gupta|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-08/news/30604505_1_global-advisory-council-dato-ajit-singh-uk|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522193700/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-01-08/news/30604505_1_global-advisory-council-dato-ajit-singh-uk|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 22, 2013|access-date=23 August 2012|newspaper=The Economic Times|date=January 8, 2012}}</ref>

== Insider trading conviction and prison service ==

{{main|Raj Rajaratnam/Galleon Group, Anil Kumar, and Rajat Gupta insider trading cases}}

On March 1, 2009, the [[United States Securities and Exchange Commission|SEC]] filed an administrative civil complaint against Gupta for insider trading with billionaire and Galleon Group [[hedge fund]] founder Rajaratnam. Coverage of the event noted that Anil Kumar — who, like Gupta, had graduated from [[Indian Institutes of Technology|IIT]], was a highly regarded senior partner at McKinsey, and had also co-founded the Indian School of Business — had already pleaded guilty to charges in the same case.<ref name=FE01>[http://www.financialexpress.com/news/isb-aiming-to-be-world-no.1-gupta/656936/ "ISB aiming to be world No.1: Gupta"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103100230/http://www.financialexpress.com/news/isb-aiming-to-be-world-no.1-gupta/656936 |date=2013-11-03}}, ''The Financial Express'', August 6, 2010 at 1408 hrs IST.</ref> Gupta, Kumar, and Rajaratnam were all close friends and business partners. Gupta countersued and both sides eventually dropped charges.

On October 26, 2010 the [[United States Attorney's Office]] filed criminal charges against Gupta. He was arrested in New York City by the [[FBI]] and pleaded not guilty. He was released on $10 million bail on the same day. Gupta's lawyer wrote, "Any allegation that Rajat Gupta engaged in any unlawful conduct is totally baseless .... He did not trade in any securities, did not tip Mr. Rajaratnam so he could trade, and did not share in any profits as part of any quid pro quo."<ref name=BBw02>Hurtado, Patricia, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-26/ex-goldman-sachs-director-gupta-said-to-face-insider-trading-probe-charges.html?pid= "Rajat Gupta Surrenders to Federal Authorities"], ''Bloomberg'', October 26, 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-26.</ref> The SEC alleged, "The tips generated 'illicit profits and loss avoidance' of more than $23 million." Manhattan U.S. Attorney [[Preet Bharara]] said, "Rajat Gupta was entrusted by some of the premier institutions of American business to sit inside their [[Board of directors|boardrooms]], among their [[Senior management|executives]] and directors, and receive their confidential information so that he could give advice and counsel."<ref name="BBw03">Hurtado, Patricia, David Glovin and Chris Dolmetsch, [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028114002/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-10-27/ex-goldman-director-gupta-indicted-in-probe-of-rajaratnam-trades.html "Ex-Goldman Director Gupta Indicted in Probe of Rajaratnam Trades"], ''Bloomberg Businessweek'', October 27, 2011.</ref>

Details of wiretap recordings and trading activity related to the charges were analyzed at length in the media, assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the prosecution's and defense's cases.<ref>Rothfeld, Michael, Susan Pulliam and Rob Barry, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304743704577382311581712708?mod=WSJ_hp_LEFTWhatsNewsCollection#project%3DGUPTA0504%26articleTabs%3Darticle "New Ripples for Gupta Case" (intro only without subscription)], ''The Wall Street Journal'', May 3, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-12.</ref><ref>Levine, Matt, [http://dealbreaker.com/2012/05/rajat-guptas-lawyers-may-try-the-everybody-was-doing-it-defense/ "Rajat Gupta’s Lawyers May Try The 'Everybody Was Doing It' Defense"], ''dealbreaker.com'', 04 May 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-12.</ref><ref>Frankel, Alison, [https://web.archive.org/web/20170807193445/http://in.reuters.com/article/frankel-gupta-idINDEE8480I620120509?type=economicNews Column: In Gupta case, challenge for prosecutors: Frankel], opinion, ''Thomson Reuters'', May 10, 2012. Retrieved 2012-05-12.</ref>

The case focused on the relationship between Rajaratnam, Kumar and Gupta.<ref name="Forbes">{{Cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-rajat-gupta-trial-prosecutors-want-email-about-mukesh/20120530.htm|title=Rajat Gupta trial: Prosecutors want email about Mukesh Profile|first=Yoshita |last=Singh |date=May 30, 2012|work=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> All were involved to varying degrees as founding partners of private-equity firms Taj Capital and New Silk Route, though Rajaratnam and Kumar left before they began operation. Gupta remained as chairman of New Silk Route, and Rajaratnam eventually invested $50 million in the fund.<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/454a8b58-4ffb-11e0-9ad1-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211221243/https://www.ft.com/content/454a8b58-4ffb-11e0-9ad1-00144feab49a |archive-date=2022-12-11 |url-access=subscription |title=Insider trading trial star witness challenged |publisher=Ft.com |access-date=2011-05-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Gupta's jury trial began on May 22, 2012.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hurtado|first=Patricia|title=Rajat Gupta Defense Rests in U.S. Insider-Trading Trial|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-06-12/rajat-gupta-defense-rests-in-u-s-insider-trading-trial.html|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=15 June 2012|author2=David Glovin |date=2012-06-12}}</ref> On June 15, 2012, Gupta was found guilty on three counts of securities fraud and one count of conspiracy. He was found not guilty on two other securities fraud charges. At the time, his lawyer told reporters, "We will be moving to set aside the verdict and will, if necessary, appeal the conviction." The maximum sentence for securities fraud is 20 years and the maximum sentence for conspiracy is five years.<ref>{{cite news|last=McCool|first=Grant|title=Rajat Gupta guilty of insider trading|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-goldman-gupta-idUSBRE85E0Z320120615|work=Reuters|access-date=15 June 2012|author2=Basil Katz |date=2012-06-15}}</ref> In arguments in mid-October, prosecutors favored prison time of up to 10 years while defense attorneys favored probation and community service. As one service option, the latter suggested Gupta "work on health care and agriculture in rural Rwanda". Prosecutors based their recommendation in part on $11.2 million profits, or losses avoided, by Rajaratnam based on the tips. The defense argued Gupta "never profited on the alleged trading" per one news account.<ref>Bray, Chad, and Michael Rothfeld, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444868204578062892469362164 "Prosecutors Seek as Much as Decade in Prison for Gupta"], ''Wall Street Journal'', October 17, 2012. Retrieved 2012-10-18.</ref>

On October 24, 2012, Gupta was sentenced to two years in prison by Judge [[Jed S. Rakoff]] of the [[United States District Court]] in [[Manhattan]] for leaking boardroom secrets to Rajaratnam.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/rajat-gupta-gets-2-years-in-prison/?emc=na.html|title=Ex-Goldman Director to Serve 2 Years in Prison on Insider Trading Case|date=October 24, 2012|work= The New York Times }}</ref> His conviction was upheld by a Federal Appeals Court on March 25, 2014. His prison sentence began on June 17.<ref>Van Voris, Bob, [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-17/rajat-gupta-agrees-to-surrender-to-prison-on-june-17.html "Rajat Gupta Agrees to Surrender to Prison on June 17"],
''bloomberg.com'', April 17, 2014.</ref> On June 11, 2014 [[US Supreme Court]] rejected Gupta's bail plea, a week before his prison term began.<ref>{{cite web|title=US Supreme Court rejects Rajat Gupta's Plea to avoid jail term|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/06/us-supreme-court-rejects-rajat-guptas-plea-to-avoid-jail-term/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|access-date=12 June 2014}}</ref>

Gupta was released from federal prison on January 5, 2016, on house arrest and required to live at his Manhattan home. He was allowed to go to an office during weekdays starting in January, according to an unnamed source.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-19/ex-goldman-director-rajat-gupta-back-home-after-prison-stay|first=Patricia| last=Hurtado |title=Ex-Goldman Director Rajat Gupta Back Home After Prison Stay|date=January 20, 2016|work= Bloomberg Business}}</ref>
The house arrest ended in March 2016.<ref>Addady, Michal, [http://fortune.com/2016/03/14/prison-sentence-rajat-gupta/ "Former Goldman Sachs Director Completes Prison Sentence"], ''Fortune'', March 14, 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-23.</ref> Having once rejected the argument, in February 2016 the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|US Second Circuit Court of Appeals]] in Manhattan agreed to hear Gupta's appeal to overturn his conviction.<ref>[http://wap.business-standard.com/article/international/rajat-gupta-a-free-man-looks-to-climb-back-up-the-ladder-116031400344_1.html "Rajat Gupta, a free man, looks to climb back up the ladder"], ''[[Business Standard]]'', March 14, 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-23.</ref>
The appeal was turned down by the Federal Court on January 7, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|date=2019-01-07|title=Rajat Gupta Fails to Have Insider-Trading Conviction Tossed|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-07/rajat-gupta-fails-to-have-2012-insider-trading-conviction-tossed|access-date=3 February 2019|website=Bloomberg.com}}</ref>

== After release ==
Gupta's memoir, ''Mind Without Fear'', was published by [[Juggernaut Books]] in March 2019. In a detailed one-hour interview subsequent to publication, he described his side of the story. He said he did not speak during his trial based on the advice of his lawyers. He also said that there was “...no benefit, no establishment of criminal intent. They made up a case, and they succeeded.” Interviewer [[Madhu Trehan]] asked him about his former protégé Kumar testifying against him. She also asked him why his book lacked any contrition.<ref>{{cite news |title=NL Interviews: Madhu Trehan in conversation with Rajat Gupta |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2019/04/20/nl-interviews-madhu-trehan-in-conversation-with-rajat-gupta |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=[[Abhinandan Sekhri#Newslaundry (2012–present)|Newslaundry]] |date=19 April 2019}} {{Subscription required}}</ref> Since 2025, Rajat has been teaching a class at the Indian School of Business about Self-Discovery and Leadership. This class encourage students to examine their own life narratives to discover the leader in each one of them.

== Personal life ==

Rajat Gupta married Anita Mattoo, two years his junior, in 1973 after they had met at IIT Delhi.<ref>Munroe, Tony, [https://web.archive.org/web/20160306172314/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-60200920111031 "Before scandal, Rajat Gupta was role model for middle-class India"], ''in.reuters.com'', October 31, 2011.</ref><ref>Kaul, Vivek, [http://www.firstpost.com/business/rajat-gupta-may-never-have-got-convicted-in-india-503668.html "Rajat Gupta may never have got convicted in India"], ''firstpost.com'', October 26, 2012.</ref> She was an electrical engineer, and according to him "a much smarter student" than himself. The couple met at college debates and plays.<ref>[http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Interview 'I'm A Product Of McKinsey'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Interview |date=2010-11-18 }}, ''Business Today'' interview with Gupta, April 22, 1994. Retrieved 2011-03-01.</ref> Mattoo came from [[Srinagar]], [[Kashmir]], India. They have four daughters.

Gupta's net worth in 2008 was estimated at US$84 million.<ref>[http://www.indianexpress.com/news/rajat-gupta-ordered-to-pay-usd-6.2-mln-to-goldman-sachs/1079914/ "Rajat Gupta ordered to pay USD 6.2 mln to Goldman Sachs"], [[Press Trust of India|PTI]] at ''indianexpress.com'', February 26, 2013.</ref>

== See also ==
* [[SEC v. Rajaratnam]] — also ''U.S. v. Rajaratnam''
* [[Chip Skowron]], hedge fund portfolio manager convicted of insider trading
* [[Mathew Martoma]], hedge fund trader and portfolio manager convicted of insider trading

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* Shahane, Girish, [http://scroll.in/article/739547/why-do-indians-show-such-sympathy-for-people-who-break-the-rules "Why do Indians show such sympathy for people who break the rules?"], ''Scroll.in'', July 8, 2015.
* [http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2489323,prtpage-1.cms "This boss is never shy of making unpopular moves"], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', 24 October 2007 02.46PM IST, TNN.
* [[Sreenath Sreenivasan|Sreenivasan, Sreenath]], [http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html "The Superboss"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html |date=2010-11-18 }}, ''[[Business Today (business magazine)|Business Today]]'' cover story, April 22, 1994; [http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Peters 'Rajat Is The Firm's Future'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Peters |date=2010-11-18 }} interview with [[Tom Peters]]; [http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Connection "McKinsey's Indian Connection"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Connection |date=2010-11-18 }} by George Skaria; and [http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Factfile Factfile: Rajat Kumar Gupta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118083452/http://www.sree.net/stories/bt-gupta.html#Factfile |date=2010-11-18 }}; in same issue.
* [https://www.microsoft.com/billgates/speeches/2003/01-17iit.aspx Remarks by Bill Gates at the India Institute of Technology 50th Anniversary Celebration Cupertino, California, January 17, 2003 - Moderated by Rajat Gupta.]
* Gupta, Rajat, [http://www.livemint.com/2007/02/15234755/Strength-of-a-nation--Rajat-G.html "Strength of a Nation"], article about public health in ''[[Mint (newspaper)|Mint]]'', an Indian newspaper affiliated with [[The Wall Street Journal]], February 16, 2007 2:46 PM IST.
* Gupta, Rajat, [http://www.livemint.com/articles/2011/03/06214001/Essential-principles-for-succe.html "Essential principles for successful philanthropy"], ''Mint'', March 6, 2011 9:41 PM IST.
* [http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/press-releases/david-rockefeller-jr-ann-fudge-rajat "David Rockefeller, Jr.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101211033/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/press-releases/david-rockefeller-jr-ann-fudge-rajat |date=2012-01-01 }}, [[Ann Fudge]] and Rajat Gupta to join the Rockefeller Foundation Board of Trustees", foundation press release, October 17, 2006.
* [http://chronicle.uchicago.edu/950928/summer.shtml "Summer News update"], ''University of Chicago Chronicle'', September 28, 1995. R. Gupta appointed to the Board of Trustees.
* [http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/in_action/events/paris/bios/ The Global Fund: To Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: A brief biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012140353/http://theglobalfund.org/en/in_action/events/paris/bios/ |date=2007-10-12 }}; webpage no longer active 2011-06-02.
* "McKinsey: Brief biography." <nowiki>http://www.mckinsey.com/ideas/wef2004/biographies/rajat.asp</nowiki> Webpage no longer active 2011-06-02.
* [http://www.sajaforum.org/2007/04/desi-spotting-r.html "Desi spotting: Rajat Gupta named chair of major global health org], [[South Asian Journalists Association|SAJAforum]].org, April 26, 2007. [[Desi]] refers to Indian subcontinent and diaspora.
* [http://www.sajaforum.org/2008/04/health-world-ma.html Coverage of World Malaria Day and a video] (SAJAforum.org)
* [http://nsrpartners.com/team_rajat_gupta.html New Silk Route bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128192418/http://nsrpartners.com/team_rajat_gupta.html |date=2011-01-28 }}
* [http://www.qfc.com.qa/AQnews/Institutional_Investor_roundtable.pdf Qatar Financial Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721202827/http://www.qfc.com.qa/AQnews/Institutional_Investor_roundtable.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }}
* [[Nicholas Lemann|Lemann, Nicholas]], [http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1999-10-18#folio=215 "The Kids in the Conference Room: How McKinsey became the next big step"],''[[The New Yorker]]'', pp. 215, 216; October 18, 1999. Comments by R.Gupta, as head of firm, about global recruiting challenges, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110527034805/http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2011/05/23/counterparties-362/ via] [[Felix Salmon]] 2011-05-23.
* [http://www.dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/03/13/the-high-cost-of-insider-trading/ "The High Cost of Insider Trading"], ''NYTimes.com'' Dealbook blog. March 13, 2012.

{{s-start}}
{{s-bus}}
{{s-bef | before = [[Fred Gluck]] }}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Managing director]] of [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey & Company, Inc.]]| | years = 1994–2003 }}
{{s-aft | after = [[Ian Davis (businessman)|Ian Davis]] }}
{{s-end}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gupta, Rajat}}
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Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal

2026-02-09T04:59:08Z

LarueVesely77: adding new stub

{{Short description|Indian biologist, and endocrinologist 1931 - 2011}}
{{good article}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal
|image =
|alt =
|caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1931|3|4}}
|birth_place = [[Mysore state]], [[British India]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2011|5|8|1931|3|4}}
|death_place = [[Dublin, California]], USA
|residence =
|fields = {{ublist | [[Biochemistry]] | [[Endocrinology]] }}
|workplaces = {{ublist | [[AIIMS Delhi]] | [[Indian Institute of Science]] }}
|alma_mater = {{ublist | [[University of Bombay]] | [[University of Madras]] | [[University of California, Berkeley]] | [[St Mary's Hospital Medical School]] }}
|doctoral_advisor = {{ublist | [[Choh Hao Li]] | [[Rodney Robert Porter]] }}
|doctoral_students = [[Kambadur Muralidhar]]
|known_for = Studies on [[gonadotropin]]
|awards = {{ublist|1975 B. C. Guha Award | 1976 [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]] | SBCI Sreenivasayya Memorial Award | 1984 Sanjay Gandhi Award for Science and Technology }}
}}
'''Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal''' (4 March 1931 – 8 May 2011) was an Indian reproductive biologist, [[endocrinologist]] and the chairman of the Department of Biochemistry and dean of Faculty of Science at the [[Indian Institute of Science]]. He was known for his pioneering researches on [[gonadotropin]] and was an elected fellow of the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]] and the [[Indian National Science Academy]]. He was an associate of noted scientists, [[Choh Hao Li]] and [[Rodney Robert Porter]] and discovered the role of hormones in generating immune response in living beings, during his association with the former. The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]], the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology]], one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Medical Sciences in 1976.

== Biography ==
[[File:Crawford Hall, University of Mysore.jpg|thumb|left|Crawford Hall, University of Mysore]]
[[File:IISc Admin Building.jpg|thumb|Indian Institute of Science]]
Raghuveer Moudgal was born on 4 March 1931<ref name="Fellow profile">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/describe/fellow/Moudgal,_Prof._Nuggehalli_Raghuveer |title=Fellow profile |date=2016 |publisher=Indian Academy of Sciences}}</ref> in [[Mysore]], in the south Indian state of [[Karnataka]], in a Hindu family to Vaidehi, a homemaker and N. Narasimha Moudgal, an electrical engineer with the State Electricity Board who reportedly contributed significantly to the electrification of the erstwhile [[Mysore state]].<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches">{{Cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=AJ |last2=Rao |first2=Appaji |year=2012 |title=NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches |url=http://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/jbsc/037/02/0207-0210 |journal=Journal of Biosciences |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=207–10 |doi=10.1007/s12038-012-9207-5 |pmid=22581325|s2cid=35048530 }}</ref> He was the youngest of their three boys and two girls.{{Refn|group=note|His brothers were N. Shyam Prasad and N. Ram Prasad while Prabha Devi Anantram and Harini Madhava Rao were his sisters.}} His early schooling was at Seshadripuram High School, [[Bengaluru]] where he passed the matriculation in 1946. He moved to [[Kolhapur]] to complete his graduate studies at the [[University of Bombay]] in 1950, staying at his elder sister's house.<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir">{{Cite journal |last=Kambadur Muralidhar |title=Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal – Biographical Memoir |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/BM/BM40_1304.pdf |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |date=2013 |volume=40 |pages=57–74}}</ref> Opting for a research degree for his post graduate studies, he joined the [[University of Madras]] and earned an MSc for his researches on the biochemistry of [[thyroid hormones]]. Continuing in [[Chennai]],{{Refn|group=note|Chennai was then known as Madras}} he pursued his doctoral studies under the guidance of P. S. Sarma, a noted biochemist, and secured a PhD in 1957. He went to the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in the US for his post-doctoral studies and worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the laboratory of [[Choh Hao Li]], a Chinese-born US biochemist who would later describe the structure of [[somatotropin]], a pituitary growth hormone.<ref name="Choh Hao Li">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/li-choh-h.pdf |title=Choh Hao Li |last=R. David Cole |date=2017 |publisher=National Academy of Sciences}}</ref>

In 1961, he moved out of the US to continue his post-doctoral work in the UK at [[St Mary's Hospital Medical School]], London on a [[Wellcome Trust]] fellowship.<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal (1931–2011)">{{Cite web |url=http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/01/0109.pdf |title=Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal (1931–2011) |date=2011 |publisher=Current Science |pages=109–110}}</ref> There, he joined the wards of [[Rodney Robert Porter]], [[List of Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel laureate]] biochemist,{{Refn|group=note|Porter shared the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] with [[Gerald Edelman]] in 1972.<ref name="The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/index.html |title=The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1972 |date=2017 |publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>}} and spent a year at Porter's laboratory. On his return to India, he joined the [[All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi]] as a [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research|CSIR]] Pool Officer. It was during this period his doctoral adviser, P. S. Sarma, invited him to join the [[Indian Institute of Science]] (IISc) as an assistant professor. At IISc, he continued his researches with the assistance of a grant from [[Ford Foundation]] and in 1969 he received an invitation from R. O. Greep of [[Harvard University]] for collaborative research.<ref name="Commentary">{{Cite web |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224950573 |title=Commentary |date=2012 }}</ref> Moudgal stayed at Harvard for two years to supervise the work of Greep's Group and returned to IISc in 1971. He based his subsequent researches at the institute, simultaneously working as an associate professor and later as a professor. At the time of his retirement from official service in 1993, he was holding the positions of the Chairman of the Department of Biochemistry and the Dean of the Science Faculty.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /> Post retirement, he continued to be associated with IISc as an [[Indian National Science Academy|INSA]] senior scientist and an honorary professor.<ref name="Deceased fellow - Moudgal">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0482 |title=Deceased fellow – Moudgal |date=2016 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=2017-10-22 |archive-date=22 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171022193650/http://insaindia.res.in/detail/N79-0482 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Frontiers in Bioscience : Editors">{{Cite web |url=http://bio-mirror.im.ac.cn/mirrors/bioscience/editmemb/moudgal.htm |title=Frontiers in Bioscience : Editors |date=2017 |publisher=Frontiers in Bioscience |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=23 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223041410/http://bio-mirror.im.ac.cn/mirrors/bioscience/editmemb/moudgal.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Moudgal was pursuing his doctoral studies at Madras University when he married Biligiri Rao née Prapulla in 1957.<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" /> The couple had two sons, Pradeep and Madan, and a daughter, Priya. Towards the later part of his life, he suffered from cancer and underwent treatment in the US. He succumbed to the disease on 8 May 2011, at a hospital in [[Dublin, California]], survived by his children, their spouses and grandchildren; his wife predeceased him in 2008.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" />

== Legacy ==
[[File:Steroidogenesis.svg|235px|thumb|Steroidogenesis]]
[[File:Cute Monkey cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Bonnet macaque]]
Moudgal's early researches at the University of Madras were on the biochemistry of thyroid hormones but he shifted his focus to [[pituitary]] [[gonadotropins]] during his days at Choh Hao Li's laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley when he established that the hormones generated [[Immunogenicity|immune response]] in living beings and the discovery was reported to be a significant one as the belief till then was the principal function of the hormones was [[reproduction]].<ref name="Commentary" /> Later, at Rodney Porter's laboratory in London, he worked on the role of [[cellulose]] as a carrier for immobilization of antibodies. Back in India, he expanded the scope of his researches to cover wider aspects of [[reproductive biology]] for which he established a Primate Research Laboratory at IISc in 1965, which was the largest [[primate]] house in the country at that time.<ref name="Deceased fellow - Moudgal" /><ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /> Working on the macaques in his primate house, he discovered that [[sialidase]] from the kidney of the primate acted as an inhibitor of [[follicle stimulating hormone]] (FSH), a hormone responsible for pubertal development.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /> He conducted elaborate studies on the molecular mechanism of [[Luteinizing Hormone]] (LH), a hormone which has significant role in [[ovulation]] and [[testosterone]] production, and elucidated the ''unfolding of LH binding to LH receptors in the target cell''<ref name="Brief Profile of the Awardee">{{Cite web |url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/content/Detail.aspx?AID=194 |title=Brief Profile of the Awardee |date=2017 |publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize}}</ref><ref name="Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners">{{cite web | url=http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | title=Handbook of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize Winners | publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research | date=1999 | access-date=22 February 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043957/http://www.csirhrdg.res.in/ssb.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | url-status=dead }}</ref> which was detailed in one of his articles, ''Effect of ICSH on Early Pregnancy in Hypophysectomized Pregnant Rats'', published in Nature in 1969.<ref name="Effect of ICSH on Early Pregnancy in Hypophysectomized Pregnant Rats">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/222286a0 |pmid=5778402 |title=Effect of ICSH on Early Pregnancy in Hypophysectomized Pregnant Rats |journal=Nature |volume=222 |issue=5190 |pages=286–7 |year=1969 |last1=Moudgal |first1=N. R. |bibcode=1969Natur.222..286M |s2cid=4251088 }}</ref> He discovered that neutralizing LH resulted in neutralization of several reproductive functions such as ovulation, implantation, and gestational progress and the discovery opened a new methodology in immunocontraceptive technology.<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" /> Later, he furthered his investigations on hormone actions by using antibodies as probes. His findings reportedly prompted R. O. Greep of Harvard University to invite him for collaborative research and Moudgal supervised the work of Greep's Group at his laboratory. At Harvard, he also collaborated with W. R. Moyle and established the presence of [[Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor]]s on tumor cells in the testicles for the first time, which they revealed in an article, ''Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells'', published in the [[Journal of Biological Chemistry]] in 1971.<ref name="Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells">{{cite journal |pmid=5570432 |year=1971 |last1=Moudgal |first1=N. R. |title=Specific binding of luteinizing hormone to Leydig tumor cells |journal=The Journal of Biological Chemistry |volume=246 |issue=16 |pages=4983–6 |last2=Moyle |first2=W. R. |last3=Greep |first3=R. O. |doi=10.1016/S0021-9258(18)61960-X |doi-access=free }}</ref> He used these tumor cells for further investigations on Hormone-Receptor interactions, [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] (cyclic AMP) production and [[steroidogenesis]] and experimentally demonstrated the extent of coupling and response with regard to cyclic AMP production and steroid output.<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" />{{Refn|group=note|[[Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr.]] won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] in 1971 for his discovery of cyclic AMP as secondary messengers.<ref name="Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. - Facts">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1971/sutherland-facts.html |title=Earl W. Sutherland, Jr. – Facts |date=2017 |publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>}}

[[Bonnet macaque]]s raised by him at Primate Research Laboratory{{Refn|group=note|The laboratory housed around 400 primates.}} made it handy for Moudgal in carrying out researches on follicle stimulating hormone in the primates and he discovered that immuno-neutralization of circulating FSH decreases the [[semen]] count, leading to [[oligozoospermia]] or [[azoospermia]], but did not adversely affect [[libido]].<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" /> He successfully replicated the experiments in rodents as well and suggested FSH as an [[Immunocontraception|immunocontraceptive]] protocol.<ref name="Death of Professor N. Raghuveer Moudgal">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ssr.org/sites/ssr.org/files/uploads/attachments/node/74/moudgal_obituary.pdf |title=Death of Professor N. Raghuveer Moudgal |date=2017 |publisher=Society for the Study of Reproduction |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=21 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521033632/http://www.ssr.org/sites/ssr.org/files/uploads/attachments/node/74/moudgal_obituary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> However, the researches could not be furthered due to laws related to preparation of protein-based pharmaceuticals. Still, his studies widened the understanding of conditions such as follicular maturation, [[atresia]], [[spermatogenesis]], primate reproduction and [[lactational amenorrhea]]. The pioneering work carried out by him led to the Indian Council of Medical Research recognizing his laboratory at IISc as a Centre for Advanced Research in Reproductive Biology, which as since been upgraded as Department of Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics (MRDG).<ref name="Commentary" /><ref name="Department of Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics">{{Cite web |url=http://www.mrdg.iisc.ernet.in/ |title=Department of Molecular Reproduction and Developmental Genetics |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=10 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110120534/http://www.mrdg.iisc.ernet.in/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> He documented his researches by way of several articles<ref name="Moudgal NR[au] ">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=search&term=Moudgal%20NR%5Bau%5D&dispmax=50 |title=Moudgal NR[au] |date=2017 |publisher=PubMed}}</ref>{{Refn|group=note|Please see ''Selected bibliography'' section}} and his work has been cited by a number of authors and researchers.<ref name="Li2012">{{cite book|author=Choh Hao Li|title=Gonadotropic Hormones|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sxt0PGXag-gC&pg=PA182|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-16027-8|pages=182–}}</ref><ref name="Pincus1974">{{cite book|author=Gregory Pincus|title=Recent Progress in Hormone Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=93BFAQAAIAAJ|year=1974|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780125711302}}</ref><ref name="Symposium2009">{{cite book|author=CIBA Foundation Symposium|title=Immunoassay of Hormones, Volume 14: Colloquia on Endocrinology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=npiI5ihOc7wC&pg=PA32|date=16 September 2009|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-71680-9|pages=32–}}</ref><ref name="Talwar2013">{{cite book|author=Gursaran Talwar|title=Immunological Approaches to Contraception and Promotion of Fertility|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uAAyBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT156|date=9 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4684-5140-5|pages=156–}}</ref> Besides, he edited two books, ''Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function''<ref name="Moudgal2012">{{cite book|author=N Moudgal|title=Gonadotropins and Gonadal Function|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woLejDjU7x0C&pg=PR6|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-14512-1|pages=6–}}</ref> and ''Perspectives In Primate Reproductive Biology''<ref name="Perspectives In Primate Reproductive Biology">{{Cite book |url=http://library.kyu.ac.ug/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=39214 |title=Perspectives In Primate Reproductive Biology |last=N. R. Moudgal, K. Yoshinaga, A, J, Rao, P. R. Adiga |publisher=Wiley Eastern |year=1991 |isbn=978-81-224-0318-3 |page=364 |access-date=23 February 2017 |archive-date=16 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216201152/http://library.kyu.ac.ug/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=39214 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and contributed chapters to many texts edited by others.<ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLcTAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=University of California, Hormone Research Laboratory}}</ref><ref name="Talwar2012">{{cite book|author=G.P. Talwar|title=Contraception Research for Today and the Nineties: Progress in Birth Control Vaccines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enPrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-3746-4|pages=258–}}</ref><ref name="Greep2013">{{cite book|author=Roy O. Greep|title=Recent Progress in Hormone Research: Proceedings of the 1973 Laurentian Hormone Conference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFb0AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4832-1950-9|pages=70–}}</ref> He presented a research paper, ''Gonadotropins and Their Antibodies'',<ref name="Gonadotropins and Their Antibodies">{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-571130-2.50006-7 |pmid=4210243 |chapter=Gonadotropins and Their Antibodies |title=Proceedings of the 1973 Laurentian Hormone Conference |journal=Recent Progress in Hormone Research |volume=30 |pages=47–77 |year=1974 |last1=Moudgal |first1=N.R. |last2=Jagannadha Rao |first2=A. |last3=Rhoda |first3=Maneckjee |last4=Muralidhar |first4=K. |last5=Mukku |first5=Venkatramaiah |last6=Sheela Rani |first6=C.S. |isbn=978-0-12-571130-2 }}</ref> at the Laurentian Hormone Research Conference (LHRC) held at Mont Tremblant, Canada in August 1973,<ref name="Proceedings of the 1973 Laurentian Hormone Conference">{{Cite book |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780125711302 |title=Proceedings of the 1973 Laurentian Hormone Conference |date=2017 |pages=47–77}}</ref> thus becoming the first Indian scientist to present a paper at LHRC.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /><ref name="Commentary" /><ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal (1931–2011)" /> He also guided over 30 doctoral and post-doctoral scholars in their studies and two of them, Addicam Jagannadha Rao and Appaji Rao, are emeritus professors of IISc.<ref name="Honorary And Emeritus Professors">{{Cite web |url=http://biochem.iisc.ernet.in/honeme_prof.php |title=Honorary And Emeritus Professors |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515085019/http://biochem.iisc.ernet.in/honeme_prof.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> His niece, Mrinalini Rao, whom he mentored, is a distinguished scientist at the [[University of Illinois]].<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" /><ref name="Jaffe2012">{{cite book|author=Bernard Jaffe|title=Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gC78VSWIPvQC&pg=PA196|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-323-16126-8|pages=196–}}</ref>

== Professional associations ==
Moudgal, who was the secretary of the Society of Biological Chemists (India) from 1967 to 1969,<ref name="Secretaries">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/sbci/images/sbc-rules%20(79%20Book).pdf |title=Secretaries |date=2017 |page=17 |publisher=Society of Biological Chemists (India) |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=9 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809130829/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/sbci/images/sbc-rules%20(79%20Book).pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> served as the secretary-general of the Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists (FAOB) during 1972–75<ref name="Secretaries-General/Treasurers">{{Cite web |url=http://faobmb.com/about-faobmb/history-of-faobmb/ |title=Secretaries-General/Treasurers |date=2017 |publisher=Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists (FAOB) }}</ref> and was a member of the Endocrine Society and the Society for the study of Reproduction, both US-based societies.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /> He was one of the founders of the Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility and served as its first president.<ref name="Commentary" /> He organized an International Symposium on gonadotropins which was attended by some of the major names in the field of reproductive biology including [[Malur R. Narasimha Prasad]], [[Gursaran Talwar]], [[Sardul Singh Guraya]], [[Fernand Labrie]] and [[Om P. Bahl]].<ref name="Nuggehalli Raghuveer Moudgal - Biographical Memoir" /> He was a member of the task force of the [[World Health Organization]] for research in human reproduction for a number of years,<ref name="Death of Professor N. Raghuveer Moudgal" /> sat in the editorial board of [[Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology]] and was the founding editor of [[Journal of Biosciences]].<ref name="Commentary" /> He also served as the editor of [[Frontiers in Bioscience]].<ref name="Editors listed in alphabetical order">{{Cite web |url=http://int-prop.lf2.cuni.cz/heart_sounds/h14/abdlist.htm |title=Editors listed in alphabetical order |date=2017 |publisher=Frontiers in Bioscience}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
Moudgal received the B. C. Guha Award in 1975,<ref name="Deceased fellow - Moudgal" /> the same year as he was elected as a fellow by the [[Indian Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="IAS fellowship">{{Cite web |url=http://www.indnet.org/ias/Contents/Fellowship/Fellows/k-index.html |title=IAS fellowship |year=2017 |publisher=IndNet |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=22 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222210530/http://www.indnet.org/ias/Contents/Fellowship/Fellows/k-index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[Council of Scientific and Industrial Research]] awarded him [[Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize]], one of the highest Indian science awards in 1976.<ref name="Medical Sciences">{{Cite web |url=http://www.csir.res.in/external/heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224074105/http://www.csir.res.in/External/Heads/career/award/BPRIZE/Medical_SCIENCES.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 February 2013 |title=Medical Sciences |date=2017 |publisher=Council of Scientific and Industrial Research |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He received the Sreenivasaya Memorial Award from the Society of Biological Chemists (India) of the Indian Institute of Science in 1978<ref name="Sreenivasaya Memorial Award">{{Cite web |url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/sbci/smaward.html |title=Sreenivasaya Memorial Award |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Institute of Science |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=10 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010214336/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/sbci/smaward.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and he was selected for the Homi Bhabha Fellowship of the Homi Bhabha Foundation the same year.<ref name="List of Homi Bhabha Fellows">{{Cite web |url=http://homibhabhafellowships.com/HomiBhabhaFellowsList.aspx |title=List of Homi Bhabha Fellows |date=2017 |publisher=Homi Bhabha Foundation}}</ref> The [[Indian National Science Academy]] elected him as their fellow in 1979<ref name="INSA Year Book 2016">{{Cite web |url=http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |title=INSA Year Book 2016 |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104001952/http://www.insaindia.res.in/pdf/YearBook_2016.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and he received the Sanjay Gandhi Award for Science and Technology in 1984.<ref name="NR Moudgal – A pioneer in the development of immunocontraceptive approaches" /> The award orations delivered by him include the 1996 Yellapragada Subbarow Birth Centenary Lecture of the Indian National Science Academy.<ref name="Yellapragada Subbarow Birth Centenary Lecture">{{Cite web |url=http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#yellapragada |title=Yellapragada Subbarow Birth Centenary Lecture |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=16 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160916233840/http://insaindia.res.in/recipients.php#yellapragada |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility has instituted an annual oration, ''Prof. N. R. Moudgal Memorial Oration'' and an award, ''Prof. N. R. Moudgal Young Scientist Awards'' in his honor.<ref name="Prof. N. R. Moudgal Memorial Oration/Prof. N. R. Moudgal Young Scientist Awards">{{Cite web |url=http://www.issrf.org/announcements/prof-n-r-moudgal-memorial-orationprof-n-r-moudgal-young-scientist-awards |title=Prof. N. R. Moudgal Memorial Oration/Prof. N. R. Moudgal Young Scientist Awards |date=2017 |publisher=Indian Society for the Study of Reproduction and Fertility |access-date=22 February 2017 |archive-date=13 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513114042/http://www.issrf.org/announcements/prof-n-r-moudgal-memorial-orationprof-n-r-moudgal-young-scientist-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref> His biography has been included in the volume 40 of the Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Indian National Science Academy.<ref name="Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Indian National Science Academy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dkagencies.com/doc/from/1063/to/1123/bkId/DK645523321161686675615851371/details.html |title=Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Indian National Science Academy |date=2017 |publisher=Indian National Science Academy}}</ref>

== Selected bibliography ==
=== Books ===
* {{Cite book |title=Gonadotropins and gonadal function. |last1=Moudgal |first1=N. R. |last2=International Union of Biochemistry |last3=Federation of Asian and Oceanian Biochemists |date=1974 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=9780125088503 |location=New York |oclc=1009533 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/gonadotropinsgon0000unse }}
* {{Cite book |title=Perspectives in primate reproductive biology |last1=N. R. Moudgal |last2=K. Yoshinaga |last3=A. J. Rao |last4=P. R. Adiga |date=1991 |publisher=Wiley Eastern |isbn=978-8122403183 |location=New Delhi |oclc=28427737}}

=== Chapters ===
* {{cite book|title=Proceedings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QLcTAQAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=University of California, Hormone Research Laboratory}}
* {{cite book|author=G.P. Talwar|title=Contraception Research for Today and the Nineties: Progress in Birth Control Vaccines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enPrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-3746-4|pages=258–}}
* {{cite book|author=Choh Hao Li|title=Gonadotropic Hormones|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sxt0PGXag-gC&pg=PA182|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-16027-8|pages=182–}}
* {{cite book|author=Bernard Jaffe|title=Methods of Hormone Radioimmunoassay|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gC78VSWIPvQC&pg=PA196|date=2 December 2012|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-0-323-16126-8|pages=196–}}
* {{cite book|author=G.P. Talwar|title=Contraception Research for Today and the Nineties: Progress in Birth Control Vaccines|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enPrBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-3746-4|pages=258–}}
* {{cite book|author1=T. A. Bewley|author2=Lin Ma|author3=Janakiraman Ramachandran|title=Proceedings of the International Workshop on Hormones and Proteins: (1974) [i.e. 1973]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5EdBAAAAYAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong}}
* {{cite book|author=Satish Kumar Gupta|title=Reproductive Immunology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y57uBDy0ATcC&pg=PA346|year=1999|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-7923-5923-4|pages=346–}}
* {{cite book|author=Roy O. Greep|title=Recent Progress in Hormone Research: Proceedings of the 1973 Laurentian Hormone Conference|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mFb0AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA70|date=22 October 2013|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4832-1950-9|pages=70–}}

=== Articles ===
* {{Cite journal |last1=Moudgal |first1=R. N. |last2=Mukku |first2=V. R. |last3=Prahalada |first3=S. |last4=Murty |first4=G. S. |last5=Li |first5=C. H. |date=August 1978 |title=Passive immunization with an antibody to the beta-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone as a method of early abortion—a feasibility study in monkeys (Macaca radiata) |journal=Fertility and Sterility |volume=30 |issue=2 |pages=223–229 |issn=0015-0282 |pmid=98358|doi=10.1016/S0015-0282(16)43464-3 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Jeyakumar |first1=M. |last2=Moudgal |first2=N. R. |date=September 1996 |title=Immunization of male rabbits with sheep luteal receptor to LH results in production of antibodies exhibiting hormone-agonistic and -antagonistic activities |journal=The Journal of Endocrinology |volume=150 |issue=3 |pages=431–443 |issn=0022-0795 |pmid=8882162|doi=10.1677/joe.0.1500431 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Moudgal |first1=N. R. |last2=Murthy |first2=G. S. |last3=Prasanna Kumar |first3=K. M. |last4=Martin |first4=F. |last5=Suresh |first5=R. |last6=Medhamurthy |first6=R. |last7=Patil |first7=S. |last8=Sehgal |first8=S. |last9=Saxena |first9=B. N. |date=March 1997 |title=Responsiveness of human male volunteers to immunization with ovine follicle stimulating hormone vaccine: results of a pilot study |journal=Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=457–463 |issn=0268-1161 |pmid=9130740|doi=10.1093/humrep/12.3.457 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Moudgal |first1=N. R. |last2=Jeyakumar |first2=M. |last3=Krishnamurthy |first3=H. N. |last4=Sridhar |first4=S. |last5=Krishnamurthy |first5=H. |last6=Martin |first6=F. |date=July 1997 |title=Development of male contraceptive vaccine—a perspective |journal=Human Reproduction Update |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=335–346 |issn=1355-4786 |pmid=9459279|doi=10.1093/humupd/3.4.335 |doi-access=free }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Shetty |first1=G. |last2=Krishnamurthy |first2=H. |last3=Krishnamurthy |first3=H. N. |last4=Ramachandra |first4=S. G. |last5=Moudgal |first5=N. R. |date=October 1997 |title=Use of norethisterone and estradiol in mini doses as a contraceptive in the male. Efficacy studies in the adult male bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) |journal=Contraception |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=257–265 |issn=0010-7824 |pmid=9408708|doi=10.1016/S0010-7824(97)00136-4 }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Aravindan |first1=G. R. |last2=Moudgal |first2=N. R. |date=January 1998 |title=Susceptibility of sperm chromatin to acid denaturation in situ: a study in endogenous FSH-deprived adult male bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) |journal=Archives of Andrology |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=29–41 |issn=0148-5016 |pmid=9466000|doi=10.3109/01485019808987925 |url=http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/01485019808987925 |url-access=subscription }}
* {{Cite journal |last1=Shetty |first1=G. |last2=Krishnamurthy |first2=H. |last3=Krishnamurthy |first3=H. N. |last4=Bhatnagar |first4=A. S. |last5=Moudgal |first5=N. R. |date=July 1998 |title=Effect of long-term treatment with aromatase inhibitor on testicular function of adult male bonnet monkeys (M. radiata) |journal=Steroids |volume=63 |issue=7–8 |pages=414–420 |issn=0039-128X |pmid=9654648|doi=10.1016/S0039-128X(98)00042-7 |s2cid=15618014 |url=http://eprints.iisc.ac.in/18467/1/full.pdf }}

== See also ==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Follicle-stimulating hormone]]
* [[Human chorionic gonadotropin]]
* [[Bonnet macaque]]
* [[Folliculogenesis]]
{{div col end}}
{{portal|India|Medicine}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist|group=note|2}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web | url=http://ssbprize.gov.in/Content/AwardeeList.aspx | title=View Bhatnagar Awardees | publisher=Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize | date=2016 | access-date=12 November 2016}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/idp/idp/entry/137 |title=Primate Research Laboratory |date=2017 |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}

{{SSBPST recipients in Medical Science}}
{{Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Laureates of Karnataka}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Moudgal, Nuggehalli Raghuveer}}
[[Category:Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Medical Science]]
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Indian medical writers]]
[[Category:2011 deaths]]
[[Category:Scientists from Mysore]]
[[Category:Indian endocrinologists]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:University of Madras alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi]]
[[Category:Harvard University people]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science]]
[[Category:World Health Organization officials]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]
[[Category:Indian officials of the United Nations]]
[[Category:Homi Bhabha Fellows]]

Timeri N. Murari

2026-01-29T11:08:10Z

LarueVesely77: Made new post

{{short description|Indian novelist, journalist, playwright and screenwriter}}
'''Timeri Murari''' is an Indian [[novelist]], [[journalist]], [[playwright]] and [[screenwriter]]. He is the author of fourteen published novels, including best-sellers ''The Taliban Cricket Club'' (2012) and ''Taj'' (1985, republished 2007), and has written extensively for Indian and international newspapers including ''[[The Guardian]]''. He has also written the screenplay of the award-winning Hindi movie ''[[Daayraa]]'' (1997), which was voted one of the ten best films of 1997 by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine.
<ref name="palekar">Palekar, Amol. [http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980911/25452024p.html Quality Gets Topmost Billing: Palekar], ''Indian Express'', 10 September 1998.</ref> He adapted and directed it as a stage play, ''The Square Circle'', at the [[Leicester Haymarket Theatre]] in November 1999, starring [[Parminder Nagra]].<ref name=Beckham>Murari, Tim. [https://web.archive.org/web/20030630224732/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mag/2002/07/28/stories/2002072800310400.htm The 'Bend It Like Beckham' Girl], ''The Hindu'', 28 July 2002.</ref>

==Early years==
Murari was born in [[Madras]], India and studied at [[Bishop Cotton Boys' School|Bishop Cottons Boys' School]], Bangalore. He left India for the UK when he was 18 years old to study electronic engineering. He later switched majors to History and Political Science at the [[McGill University]], Montreal. While at university, he began writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'' and other international newspapers.

His first job was a reporter on the Kingston Whig Standard, in Kingston, Ontario.
<ref name=Connections>Rangan, Baradwaj. [http://baradwajrangan.wordpress.com/2007/07/24/interview-timeri-murari/ Write Connections], ''Baradwaj Rangan Blog'', 24 July 2007.</ref> Murari moved to London, UK, and worked and wrote for ''The Guardian'', ''[[The Sunday Times]]'', ''[[The Observer]]'' and other newspapers and magazines before once again shifting base to New York. In the US, Murari wrote film documentaries and contributed to ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ''[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]'' among others. He is now living in India.<ref name="Connections"/>

==Novels==
Murari's first novel, ''The Marriage'', was published in the UK and India. Since then, he has written 18 books, which have been translated into several languages. Fourteen are works of fiction, including the best sellers ''Taj'', which has been translated into 25 languages, and ''The Taliban Cricket Club'', translated into nine languages.<ref name=Scattered>Badrinath, Tulsi. [http://www.thehindu.com/books/there-are-bits-of-me-scattered-in-these-books/article3384008.ece There Are Bits of me Scattered in These Books], ''The Hindu'', 5 May 2012.</ref> Two of his novels - ''Field of Honour'' (I was very much impressed with Field of Honour- Graham Greene) and ''Four Steps from Paradise'' - are semi-biographical. He has also written a book for children, ''Children of the Enchanted Jungle''. Scholastic published his Young Adult Axxiss Trilogy in 2016 through to 2018. Aleph has published his latest novel, ''Chanakya Returns'' (Indian title) in July 2014. In 2019, the UK publisher, Endeavour Media re-issued his novels, ''TAJ'', ''The Imperial Agent'' and ''The Last Victory'' online as well as print-on-demand. Also in 2019, Speaking Tiger published his travel/history/memoire, ''Empress of the Taj, In search of Mumtaz Mahal.'' His new novel, a dystopian 'Chicanery" October 2024.

==Non-fiction==
Murari has written five non-fiction books. Two of these are memoirs -- ''My Temporary Son'' and ''Limping to the Centre of the World''. ''Empress of the Taj, In search of Mumtaz Mahal'' is also partly a travel memoire.

==Bibliography==
===Novels===
# ''The Marriage''
# ''The Oblivion Tapes''
# ''Lovers Are Not People''
# ''The Shooter''
# ''Field of Honour''
# ''TAJ, A Novel on Mughal India''
# ''Imperial Agent'', a sequel to Kipling's ''[[Kim (novel)|Kim]]''
# ''The Last Victory'' Part II of ''Imperial Age''
# ''Enduring Affairs''
# ''Four Steps From Paradise''
# ''The Arrangements of Love''
# ''The Small House''<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-literaryreview/WRITING-IS-A-MARATHON/article15402368.ece |title=Writing is a Marathon |date=3 February 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=26 June 2018}}</ref>
# ''The Taliban Cricket Club''
# ''Chanakya Returns''
16 ''Chicanery''

===Young Adult===
1. Children of the Enchanted Jungle.

2. Axxiss Trilogy.
# ''Axxiss and The Magic Medallions.''
# '' Axxiss and The Undersea Kingdom.''
# '' Axxiss and the Parallel Universe.''

===Non-fiction===
# ''Empress of the Taj, In search of Mumtaz Mahal.''
# ''My Temporary Son: An Orphan's Journey''
# ''Limping to the Centre of the World: A Pilgrimage to Mount Kailash''
# ''Goin’ Home, a Black Family Returns South''
# ''The New Savages: Children of the Liverpool Streets''

===Plays===
# ''Enter Queen Lear'', starring Jenny Runacre staged in London September 2016. Jenny said: "I do really think it is a fascinating play, with so many levels in it. It is not very often that an actress is given a role that has so much meat in it."
# ''Square Circle'' Starring Parminder Nagra. (Also directed)
# ''Killing Time''
# ''The Attempted Assassination of Salman Rushdie''
# ''Lovers Are Not People''
# ''The Inquisitor''
# ''Hey, Hero!''

===Film/Television===
# ''Daayra'' (''The Square Circle'') Writer/Producer.
# ''The Only Thing''
# ''Only in America (A TV documentary in three parts)'' Writer.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

=== External links ===
* {{Official website|http://www.timerimurari.com}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Murari, Timeri N.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male novelists]]
[[Category:Indian male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Writers from Chennai]]
[[Category:1941 births]]

Pratima Bagri

2026-01-24T14:16:22Z

LarueVesely77: adding article!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Pratima Bagri
| office1 = Member of the [[16th Madhya Pradesh Assembly]]
| constituency1 = [[Raigaon Assembly constituency|Raigaon]]
| term_start1 = December 2023
| term_end1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Kalpana Verma]]
| successor1 =
| birth_date = 1988
| birth_place = [[Nagod]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| education = [[Bachelor of Laws]]
| alma_mater = Awadhesh Pratap Singh University
}}
'''Pratima Bagri''' (born 1988) is an Indian politician from [[Madhya Pradesh]]. She is a member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly representing the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] from [[Raigaon Assembly constituency]], which is reserved for SC community, in [[Satna district]]. She won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-25 |title=Pratima Bagri: कौन हैं प्रतिमा बागरी? मोहन यादव कैबिनेट की सबसे युवा मंत्री, पहली बार बनी हैं विधायक |url=https://www.jansatta.com/rajya/pratima-bagri-youngest-minister-of-mohan-yadav-cabinet-becomes-mla-for-the-first-time-madhya-pradesh/3134223/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Jansatta |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-11 |title=MP by Election : रैगांव में BJP प्रत्याशी प्रतिमा बागरी का नामांकन स्वीकार, चुनाव लड़ने पर आया संकट खत्म |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/madhya-pradesh/satna-mp-by-election-nomination-of-bjp-candidate-pratima-bagri-accepted-in-raigaon-mpsg-3791229.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Bagri hails from an agricultural family in Nagaud village.She completed her master's degree in Social Work and later did LLB from Awdhesh Pratap Singh University, [[Rewa, Madhya Pradesh|Rewa]], [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pratima Bagri(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- RAIGAON (SC)(SATNA) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/MadhyaPradesh2023/candidate.php?candidate_id=384 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

== Career ==
Bagri won the [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]] from [[Raigaon Assembly constituency]] representing [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. She defeated her nearest rival [[Kalpana Verma|Kalpana Varma]] of [[Indian National Congress]] by a margin of 36,060 votes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=पहली बार की विधायक को सीएम मोहन यादव कैबिनेट में मंत्री बनने का मिला अवसर |url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/state/madhya-pradesh/bhopal/mp-cabinet-expansion-who-is-raigaon-mla-pratima-bagri-becoming-minister-in-cm-mohan-yadav-cabinet/articleshow/106267518.cms |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Navbharat Times |language=hi}}</ref> She found a berth in the Mohan Yadav ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Cabinet Expansion: पहली बार विधायक बनते ही मंत्री बनीं सतना के रैगांव की प्रतिमा बागड़ी, राजनीति से पहले करती थीं खेती बाड़ी - MP Minister Pratima Bagri first time MLA Pratima of Raigaon Satna became minister in mohan yadav |url=https://www.jagran.com/madhya-pradesh/bhopal-mp-minister-pratima-bagri-first-time-mla-pratima-of-raigaon-satna-became-minister-in-mohan-yadav-23613376.html |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref name="Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister allocates portfolios, keeps Home {{!}} Full list here">{{cite news|title=Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister allocates portfolios, keeps Home {{!}} Full list here|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/madhya-pradesjh-government-new-portfolios-chief-minister-mohan-yadav-bjp-governmnet-2482425-2023-12-31|access-date=5 March 2025|publisher=India Today|date=31 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305114405/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/madhya-pradesjh-government-new-portfolios-chief-minister-mohan-yadav-bjp-governmnet-2482425-2023-12-31|archive-date=5 March 2025|language=en}}</ref>

Pratima Bagri unsuccessfully contested in 2021 [[Raigaon Assembly constituency|Raigaon]] by elections.<ref name="Raigaon assembly bypoll Result 2021">{{cite news|title=Raigaon assembly bypoll Result 2021|url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS1262.htm?ac=62|accessdate=5 March 2025|publisher=Election Commission of India|date=2 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305115700/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcByeNov2021/ConstituencywiseS1262.htm?ac=62|archivedate=5 March 2025}}</ref><ref name="Madhya Pradesh by-election results 2021: BJP wins Khandwa LS seat, Jobat, Prithvipur Assembly seats; Raigaon goes to Congress">{{cite news|title=Madhya Pradesh by-election results 2021: BJP wins Khandwa LS seat, Jobat, Prithvipur Assembly seats; Raigaon goes to Congress|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/madhya-pradesh-election-results-2021-mp-upchunav-results-khandwa-raigaon-prithvipur-jobat/828636|accessdate=5 March 2025|work=|publisher=Times Now|date=2 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305120113/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/madhya-pradesh-election-results-2021-mp-upchunav-results-khandwa-raigaon-prithvipur-jobat/828636|archivedate=5 March 2025|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Madhya Pradesh: BJP retains Khandwa LS seat with low margin, wrests 2 assembly segments; Congress wins 1">{{cite news|title=Madhya Pradesh: BJP retains Khandwa LS seat with low margin, wrests 2 assembly segments; Congress wins 1|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Nov/02/madhya-pradesh-bjp-retains-khandwa-ls-seat-with-low-margin-wrests-2-assembly-segments-congress-wi-2378933.html|accessdate=5 March 2025|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=2 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250305120048/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2021/Nov/02/madhya-pradesh-bjp-retains-khandwa-ls-seat-with-low-margin-wrests-2-assembly-segments-congress-wi-2378933.html|archivedate=5 March 2025|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bagri, Pratima}}
[[Category:1988 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:People from Satna district]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women members of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

Janaki Setu

2026-01-13T17:12:29Z

LarueVesely77: creating post

{{Short description|Suspension bridge in Rishikesh, Uttarakhand}}
[[File:The_Hanging_Bridge_in_Rishikesh(Janki_Jhula).jpg|thumb|Janaki Setu|283x283px]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
'''Janaki Setu''',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/india/article/janaki-setu-in-rishikesh-uttarakhand-innauguration-by-trivendra-singh-rawat/322467|title=Janaki Setu: ऋषिकेश में जनता के लिए खुला जानकी सेतु, इन 2 जिलों को जोड़ेगा|date=20 November 2020|website=www.timesnowhindi.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hindi/uttarakhand/state/dehradun/cm-trivendra-singh-rawat-will-inaugrate-janki-setu-today-in-rishikesh/uttarakhand20201120101416914|title=14 वर्ष बाद जानकी सेतु का सपना हुआ साकार, CM आज करेंगे लोकार्पण|first=E. T. V.|last=Bharat|date=20 November 2020|website=ETV Bharat News}}</ref> also known as Janaki Jhula, is a suspension bridge<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/rishikesh-janki-bridge-to-open-to-public-on-nov-10-912540.html|title=Rishikesh: Janki bridge to open to public on Nov 10|newspaper=Deccan Herald|agency=PTI|date=7 November 2020|accessdate=19 April 2025}}</ref> located in [[Muni Ki Reti]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/cm-inaugurates-three-lane-pedestrian-bridge-on-river-ganga-in-tehri-garhwal20201121045946/|title=CM inaugurates three-lane pedestrian bridge on river Ganga in Tehri Garhwal|website=ANI News}}</ref> [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]], spanning the [[Ganges]] River.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/rishikesh-gets-new-suspension-bridge-set-become-selfie-hotspot-1502936402.html|title=Rishikesh gets new suspension bridge, all set to become selfie hotspot|first=Statesman News|last=Service|website=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |date=20 November 2020}}</ref> It is the third suspension bridge after [[Ram Jhula]] and [[Lakshman Jhula]] , spanning the [[Ganges]] River. It is the first three-lane bridge in Rishikesh side lane for two-wheelers and a center lane for pedestrians.

== Description ==
The bridge connects the [[Parmarth Niketan]] area with Kailash Ashram, and is an important route for pilgrims<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttarakhand/rishikesh-janki-setu-rishikesh-after-the-beautfication-it-looks-more-beautiful-and-attractive-6466771.html|title=ऋषिकेश का जानकी सेतु बना आकर्षण का केंद्र, पर्यटकों का लगा रहता है तांता, तस्वीरों के लिए लगी होड़|date=10 June 2023|website=News18 हिंदी}}</ref> heading to the [[Neelkanth Mahadev Temple]].{{cn|date=February 2025}} Named after [[Sita]] (Janaki), the bridge is believed to be the spot where she crossed the river during her journey with [[Rama]]. The bridge provides views of the river and nearby hills, and is frequently visited by tourists. It is situated within the religious and natural surroundings of Rishikesh, near other notable sites, such as [[Ram Jhula]].{{cn|date=February 2025}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|30.11642|78.30895|format=dms|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Suspension bridges in India]]
[[Category:Bridges over the Ganges]]

Shirui Lily Festival

2025-12-31T08:23:10Z

LarueVesely77: Made a entry

{{Short description|Annual cultural festival in Manipur}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2019}}
'''Shirui Lily Festival''' is an annual [[cultural]] state festival of Manipur organised by [[Manipur]] Tourism Department. Initially, the festival was celebrated by the locals of [[Shirui]] village in Ukhrul to pay tribute to the state flower [[Shirui Lily]] that blooms from the last week of May through the second week of June. In 2017, Shirui Lily Festival was declared as a state festival by the Government of Manipur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ideas behind Shirui Lily Festival celebration|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/north-east-india/manipur/why-manipur-celebrates-an-annual-festival-in-honour-of-this-rare-and-unique-lily-species-6076664/|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=Indian Express}}</ref> The 2023 Shirui Lily Festival was postponed due to the prevailing tension in the region. The festival returned to Manipur on May 20, 2025 after a two-year pause because of the long-drawn conflict in the state.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-20 |title=In conflict-scorched Manipur, Shirui Lily festival kicks off: All you need to know, about the festival and the flower |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-culture/manipur-shirui-lily-festival-all-you-need-to-know-10017181/ |access-date=2025-05-21 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== Festival locations ==
After being declared as a state festival, three venues were selected to celebrate the festival.
* [[Ukhrul]]
* [[Shirui]]
* [[Hungpung]]

==Main Attractions==
The four day festival showcases cultural events, artifacts, games, music and food of Manipur state in general and particularly that of the Tangkhul Naga tribe. The main attractions of the festival are:
*'''ShiRock''' where rock bands from across the country competes for best rock music title. The event also features international bands to perform mainly on the opening and closing nights.<ref>{{cite web|title=Platform for International rock bands|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=leisure.Rock_Concert.Rock_Event.ShiRock_2017_part_of_Shirui_Lily_Festival_at_Ukhrul_20170507|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=e-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ShiRock|url=https://e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=15..111019.oct19|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=e-Pao}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Nazareth and Extreme bands|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=announcements.Ann_2019.SheChef_Season_2_Shirui_Lily_Festival_20191015|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=Times of India}}</ref>
*'''ShiChef''' where chefs compete to showcase their cooking skills and recipes.<ref>{{cite web|title=ShiChef|url=https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=announcements.Ann_2019.SheChef_Season_2_Shirui_Lily_Festival_20191015|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=e-Pao}}</ref>
*'''Miss Spring Pageant''' where maidens walk the ramp to win the Miss Lily or Miss Spring title.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shirui Lily Festival Miss Spring|url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/manipur/manipur-chanchui-khayi-wins-miss-lily-2019-title.html|accessdate=25 October 2019| work=North East Now}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Cultural festivals in India]]
[[Category:Entertainment events in India]]
[[Category:Festivals in Manipur]]

Umbayee

2025-12-17T17:47:27Z

LarueVesely77: Made a article

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Umbayee
| image = Umayee 4.jpg
| caption = Umbayee
| birth_name = P. A. Ibrahim
| origin =
| instrument = [[Pump organ]], Keyboard, [[Tabla]]
| genre = Malayalam [[ghazal]]
| occupation = Singer, composer
| years_active =
| birth_date = 1950
| birth_place = [[Mattancherry]], [[Travancore–Cochin]] present-day [[Ernakulam district|Ernakulam]], [[Kerala]], India
| death_place = [[Aluva]], Kerala, India
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|2018|8|01|1950}}
| spouse = Haseeba (m. 1977)
| website =
}}

'''P. A. Ibrahim''' (1950 – 1 August 2018), popularly known as '''Umbayee''' was an Indian folk musician and composer, associated with the [[Ghazal]] genre.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/16/stories/2010091651990200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921013902/http://www.hindu.com/2010/09/16/stories/2010091651990200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 September 2010 |title=When politicians played muse |date=16 September 2010 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> Born in [[Mattancherry]], Kerala, Umbayee is known for his unique style of singing.<ref>[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/ghazals-and-grit/article3924501.ece "...GHAZALS and GRIT"], ''The Hindu'', 22 September 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2013</ref> He died on 1 August 2018 in [[Aluva]].

==Early years==
Umbayee was born in 1950 in Mattanchery near Kochi. His real name was P. Abu Ibrahim.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-01 |title=Ghazal singer Umbayee passes away |url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/ghazal-singer-umbayee-passes-away-1.3022968 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[Mathrubhumi]]}}</ref> As a child Umbayee did not have a supportive environment towards music. His father was vehemently opposed to his son being inclined to music. Ultimately Umbayee failed in his exams thereby ending his school life. Seeing his son distracted by music, father packed Ibrahim off to Bombay (now [[Mumbai]]) where his (Umbayee's) uncle was a seaman and made him a trainee electrician.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Popular Malayalam ghazal singer Umbayee no more |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2018/08/01/popular-malayalam-ghazal-singer-umbayee-dies.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[Malayala Manorama|OnManorama]]}}</ref> Being sent to Bombay was a decision which changed his life. He met Ustad Munawar Ali Khan who accepted Ibrahim as his disciple. Ibrahim studied music with Ustad for about 7 years without any interruption.
==Musical influences==
Umbayee said "[[Mattancherry]] was a melting pot of music. There was music all around. You only had to find it."

Similar to the youth at the time, Ibrahim's inspiration had been Mehboob, who was a natural and enigmatic singer. During those times most of the legendary [[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]] musicians visited Mattancherry. Ibrahim used to be doing odd jobs in Abdul Khader Vakil's house where those musicians stayed. He listened to their discussions and music. According to Umbayee "That was the beginning".

Once he got a chance to listen to [[Pandit Ravi Shankar]] and Ustad [[Alla Rakha]] ‘live’ at Mattancherry. After which Ibrahim understood what he was capable of other than playing Tabla. He realised "There was so much to learn. What I was doing was childish".

[[File:Umbayee 1.jpg|thumb|200px|right| Umbayee in the Ghazal Night hosted in connection with [[Sharjah International Book Fair]] on 22 November 2011]]
==Personal life==
Umbayee married Haseeba on 08 May 1977. They had three children, Shailaja, Sabitha and Sameer.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sebastian |first=Shevlin |date=2018-08-02 |title=Fearing for our kids' future, Umbayee gave up on liquor: Habeesa |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2018/Aug/02/fearing-for-our-kids-future-umbayee-gave-up-on-liquor-habeesa-1851959.html |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[The New Indian Express]]}}</ref>
==Death==
Umbayee died on 01 August 2018 at a private hospital in [[Aluva]]. He was being treated for multiple health problems for the past seven months.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-02 |title=Malayalam singer and composer Umbayee dies at 68 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/noted-ghazal-singer-and-composer-umbayee-dies-at-68-1303427-2018-08-02 |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[India Today]]}}</ref> He was in the final stage of lung cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-01 |title=Ghazal singer Umbayee passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/malayalam/umbayee-dead-5286736/ |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=[[The Indian Express]]}}</ref>
==Albums==
*Akale Mounam Pol
*Gazalmaala
*Hrudayaraagam
*Ithuvare Sakhee Ninne Kaathirunnu
*Madhuramee Gaanam
*Mehboob
*Nandi Pranaya Sakhi Nandi
*Orikkal Nee Paranju
*Oru Mukham Maathram
*Paaduka Saigal Paadoo
*Phir Vahee Shyaam
*Pranaamam Mehboob Ororma

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Commons category|Umbayee}}

* Rejecting a reality show call : [http://www.madhyamam.com/news/209577/130120 സിനിമയില്‍ പാടാനും റിയാലിറ്റി ഷോയില്‍ വിധികര്‍ത്താവാകാനും ഇല്ല: ഉമ്പായി] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304043910/http://www.madhyamam.com/news/209577/130120 |date=4 March 2014 }} {{in lang|ml}}
* Umbayee Database : http://malayalasangeetham.info/displayProfile.php?category=singers&artist=Umbayi {{in lang|ml}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian male ghazal singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Kochi]]
[[Category:Malayali people]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male singers]]
[[Category:People from Mattancherry]]

Bharawas

2025-12-14T05:50:48Z

LarueVesely77: refined intro per sources and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{distinguish | Bharawas}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bharawas
| official_name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| map_alt = Bharawas on map of Haryana
| map_caption = Bharawas Village in Rewari
| pushpin_map = India Haryana#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt = Map of Haryana showing the location of Bharawas
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|28.1484327|76.5676071|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| governing_body = Village panchayat
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 123401
| postal2_code_type =
| postal2_code =
| area_code_type = Telephone code
| area_code =
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|www.rewari.gov.in}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Bharawas''' is a village in [[Rewari]] [[tehsil]] of [[Rewari district]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Haryana]].<ref name="2011 Census">{{cite web |title=Bharawas |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/data/village/62631-bharawas-haryana.html|website=[[2011 Census of India]] |publisher=[[Government of India]] |access-date=23 September 2017 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170923200301/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=70726 |archive-date=23 September 2017 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> It lies on [[National Highway 15 (India)|NH15]] south of [[Rewari]] at about {{Convert|8|km|mi}} on the Rewari-Bawal road.<ref name="rewari">{{cite web|url=http://rewari.gov.in/panchayat.htm |title=Panchayats |publisher=rewari.gov.in |access-date=2014-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410165404/http://rewari.gov.in/panchayat.htm |archive-date=10 April 2011 }}</ref>

==History==
{{see also | History of Haryana}}

Buddha Prakash, a scholar of the [[Kurukshetra University]], states that Bharawas was likely the seat of the historical Bhadanaka kingdom that was conquered by the 12th century [[Chahamanas of Shakambhari|Chahamana]] king [[Prithviraj Chauhan]]. According to Buddha Prakash, this kingdom comprised old Gurgaon district, part of Alwar and Bhiwani tahsil.<ref>Buddha Prakash, 1967, Glimpses of Haryana, Kurukshetra, page 29-32.</ref> However, Cynthia Talbot of [[University of Wisconsin-Madison]] identifies Bhadanaka territory as the area around [[Bayana]] in [[Bharatpur district|Bharatpur]];{{sfn|Cynthia Talbot|2015|p=39}} historian [[Dasharatha Sharma]] identifies it as the present-day [[Bhiwani district|Bhiwani]] to north, [[Rewari district|Rewari]] west and [[Alwar district|Alwar]] to southwest.{{sfn|Dasharatha Sharma|1959|p=74}}

===Maratha era===
The [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] general, [[Mahadaji Shinde|Mahadji Scindhia]] stayed at Rewari in 1787, to regulate the affairs and collect land revenue from here. On Mahadji's departure a rebel [[Mughal Empire|mughal]] courtier of Delhi, [[Najaf Quli Khan]] (adopted son of [[Mirza Najaf Khan]]), occupied the fort of [[Gokalgarh, Rewari|Gokalgarh]], 3 km north of Rewari. Mughal Emperor [[Shah Alam II]] marched his army from Delhi to punish the rebellious leader. The Emperor encamped at Bharawas, eight kilometres south of Rewari. He was accompanied by the [[Begum Samru]] and her forces from her principal cantonment at [[Jharsa]]. On 12 March 1788, Najaf Quli inflicted heavy losses on the Mughals in a night attack. But Begum Samru's artillery proved effective and compelled Njaf Quli to sue for peace.<ref>Jadunath Sarkar, 1964, Fall of the Mughal Empire, v6l. III, pp.</ref>

===British colonial era: Bharawas cantonment===
{{Anchor | Bharaawas district | Bharaawas cantonment | Rewari cantonment}}
{{see also | Jharsa | Badshahpur}}
'''Bharawas district and cantonment''': In 1804–05, British created a new district of Bharawas, and in 1805–06, they established a cantonment at Bharawas about 7 km from Rewari. In 1818, Bharawas district was disbanded and its headquarter was relocated to [[Jharsa#During British colonial rule|Jharsa]] in Gurugaon, forming Gurugaon as a new district for the first time. In 1821, Bharawas Cantonment too was abandoned, the civil quarters were relocated to [[Nasirabad, Ajmer|Nasirabad]] in Ajmer and cavalry to Gurgaon which was named as the Hidayatpur Cantonment. Gurgaon was merely a village till 1818. At Bharawas, there are now remains of two ruinous gunpowder magazines and a cemetery with dilapidated smaller tombs, tomb stones and graves.<ref>Yashpal Gulia, 2012, Heritage of Haryana.</ref><ref name=giri1>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/gurgaon/Gurugram-plan-a-misdirected-govt-move-from-history-to-myth/articleshow/51961328.cms Gurugram plan a misdirected govt move from history to myth], Times of India.</ref> In the aftermath of [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]], a temporary garrison was also setup near Rewari after [[Rao Tula Ram]] and his cousin [[Rao Gopal Dev]] forces were defeated.<ref name=Castconversion1>SDS Yadava, 2006, [https://books.google.com/books?id=p69GMA226bgC&dq=family+of+rao+tularam&pg=PA77 Followers of Krishna], Lancer Publishers, page 49-55.</ref>

It now lies in ruins. After the annexation of Gurugram in 1803, the headquarters of civil offices of the district were at Bharawas near Rewari. Gurgaon was then a cavalry station to check the troops of Begum Samru of Jharsa. After the cession of the [[Ajmer State|Ajmer territory]] the British frontier moved from Haryana to southern Rajasthan, the Bharawas force was transferred to [[Nasirabad, Ajmer|Nasirabad near Ajmer]] and civil offices were shifted to Gurugram which was made a new district headquarter in 1821.<ref>[http://www.haryana.gov.in/haryana%20state/gurgaon.asp Gurugram history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528004804/http://haryana.gov.in/haryana%20state/gurgaon.asp |date=28 May 2013 }}.</ref><ref>[http://revenueharyana.gov.in/Portals/0/hr-gaz-ch-5.pdf Haryana gazateer VOl I], Chapter 5.</ref> There are British graves mostly without any epitaph, including that of a dog.<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20120617/spectrum/main3.htm BRITISH LEGACY IN STONE], The Tribune, 17 June 2012.</ref>

===World wars and 1971 Indo-Pakistan war===
One of the three highest decorated Indian Naval officers, Commodore [[Babru Bhan Yadav]], was born on 14 September 1928 in the village of Bharawas in the British district of Rewari near Delhi which is now in the state of Haryana. He was the first Indian Navy Officer to be awarded the [[Maha Vir Chakra]] (MVC) in 1972 for his actions of bravery and gallantry in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]. He was also the first Indian Navy officer to be granted the MVC, which is the country's second highest gallantry award, and given for acts of gallantry in the face of enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. His father, late Major Bhagwan Singh Yadav, was awarded the [[Order of the British Empire|MBE]] and had taken part in both the [[World war]]s.

==Demographics==
As of [[2011 census of India|2011 India census]], Bharawas had a population of 4,728 in 915 households with literacy rate of 81.94% compared to 75.55% of Haryana state.<ref name="2011 Census" />

==Adjacent villages==
*[[sulkha]]

==Prominent residents==
* [[Babru Bhan Yadav]], MVC
* Major Bhagwan Singh Yadav, MBE

==See also==
* [[Bariawas|Sulkha]]

==Notes==
* {{cite book |author=Cynthia Talbot |title=The Last Hindu Emperor: Prithviraj Cauhan and the Indian Past, 1200–2000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m3DjCgAAQBAJ |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2015 |isbn=9781107118560 }}
* {{cite book |author=Dasharatha Sharma |authorlink=Dasharatha Sharma |title=Early Chauhān Dynasties |publisher=S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass |year=1959 |isbn=9780842606189 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n4gcAAAAMAAJ }}

==References==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cantonments of British India]]
[[Category:Former monarchies of India]]
[[Category:Villages in Rewari district]]

Rishi Panchami

2025-11-24T21:17:23Z

LarueVesely77: adding new page

{{Infobox holiday
| holiday_name = Rishi Panchami
| image = Rishi Panchami.JPG
| caption = Adherents observing Rishi Panchami
| nickname =
| observedby = [[Hindu]]s
| date = Fifth day ([[Panchami]]) of the month of [[Bhadrapada]] month of the Lunar calendar
| observances = Veneration of the seven sages and [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]], fasting, prayer
| celebrations =
| significance = observes to get purified from ''Rajaswala Dosha'' (Menstruation fault) .
| type = Hindu
| longtype = Religious, [[India]] and [[Nepal]]
| date2022 = 01 September 2022
}}
{{Short description|Hindu festival honouring the seven sages}}
'''Rishi Panchami''' ({{Langx|sa|ऋषिपंचमी|translit=Rṣipañcamī}}) is a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] observance held on the fifth day of the month of [[Bhadrapad|Bhadrapada]] of the [[Lunar calendar]], the next day after [[Ganesh Chaturthi]]. It involves the traditional worship of the [[Saptarishi]], a group of the seven most prominent [[Rishi|sages]] – [[Kashyapa]], [[Atri]], [[Bharadwaja|Bharadvaja]], [[Vishvamitra]], [[Gautama Maharishi]], [[Jamadagni]], and [[Vashishtha|Vasishtha]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anonymous |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lXeXEAAAQBAJ&dq=rishi+panchami+sages&pg=PR84 |title=A Handbook for India |date=2022-10-25 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-375-12248-5 |pages=84 |language=en}}</ref> In some parts of [[Kerala]], the day is also observed as [[Vishwakarma Puja|Vishvakarma Puja]].

==Practices==
On this occasion, the seven sages and the wife of Vasishtha, [[Arundhati (Hinduism)|Arundhati]], are venerated with a [[betel leaf]], flowers, camphor, and a lamp. Women are prescribed undertake a fast in the observance of this [[vrata]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rao |first=Jaishri P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bciVDwAAQBAJ&dq=rishi+panchami+sages&pg=PT159 |title=Classic Cuisine and Celebrations of the Thanjavur Maharashtrians |date=2019-04-29 |publisher=Notion Press |isbn=978-1-68466-649-2 |pages=159 |language=en}}</ref> but men are also allowed to fast for the welfare of their wives. [[Brahmin|Brahmins]] are offered [[Dakṣiṇā|dakshina]] by adherents on this occasion, believed to be favourable in the veneration of the seven sages.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Verma |first=Manish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z4gzFFLdBoYC&dq=r&pg=PA42-IA7 |title=Fasts and Festivals of India |date=2013 |publisher=Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. |isbn=978-81-7182-076-4 |pages=42 |language=en}}</ref>
[[Maheshwari]] and [[Kayastha]] Community celebrate this day as Raksha Bandhan

==See also==
* [[Savitri Vrata]]
* [[Varalakshmi Vratam|Varalakshmi Vrata]]
* [[Vasant Panchami]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{HinduFestivals}}
{{Worship in Hinduism}}

[[Category:Hindu festivals]]
[[Category:Religious festivals in India]]
[[Category:Hindu festivals in Nepal]]
[[Category:August observances]]
[[Category:September observances]]


[[Category:Festivals in Maharashtra]]

{{Hindu-festival-stub}}

1998–99 NKP Salve Challenger Trophy

2025-11-16T19:15:07Z

LarueVesely77: new

{{use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Infobox cricket series
|series=NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 1998/99 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/|title=NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 1998/99 score, Match schedules, fixtures, points table, results, news|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|image=
|caption=
|date= 15–18 October 1998
|place= {{flagicon|IND}} [[Ahmedabad]], [[Gujarat]], [[India]]
|result= India A and India B as joint winners
|player of series=
|team1=India Seniors
|team2=India A
|team3=India B
|captain1={{flagicon|IND}} [[Nayan Mongia]]
|captain2={{flagicon|IND}} [[Ajay Jadeja]]
|captain3={{flagicon|IND}} [[Sourav Ganguly]]
|runs1= [[Amay Khurasiya]] (55)
|runs2= [[Ajay Jadeja]] (50)
|runs3=
|wickets1= [[Sairaj Bahutule]] (3)
|wickets2= [[Venkatesh Prasad]] (2) [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]] (2)
|wickets3=
|previous= [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 1997-98|1997–98]]
|next= [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 1999–2000|1999–2000]]
}}

The 5th [[NKP Salve Challenger Trophy]] was an [[Limited overs cricket|Indian domestic cricket]] tournament that was held in [[Ahmedabad]] from 15 October to 18 October 1998. The series involved the domestic and national players from India allocated in India Seniors, India A, and India B.

Due to [[1998 Gujarat cyclone|cyclone]] all the matches were washed out due to rain except for the first match played between India Seniors and India A.<ref>[https://www.rediff.com/cricket/2006/sep/30chal.htm 'Rain ruins the Challenger series']</ref>

No play was possible on the final day, and India A shared the trophy with India B, both getting declared as joint winners.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/IND-A_IND-B_CHLNGR-FINAL_18OCT1998.html|title=Rain plays a spoilsport in the final|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>

==Squads==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India Seniors <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_1998-99_SQUADS.html|title=India Seniors Squad - India Seniors Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 1998/99 Squad|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India A <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_1998-99_SQUADS.html|title=India A Squad - India A Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 1998/99 Squad|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
! style="width:15%;"| {{flagicon|IND}} India B <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_1998-99_SQUADS.html|title=India B Squad - India B Squad - NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 1998/99 Squad|work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
|- style="vertical-align:top"
|
* [[Nayan Mongia]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]] & [[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Jai Prakash Yadav (cricketer)|JP Yadav]]
* [[VVS Laxman]]
* [[Sujith Somasunder]]
* [[Rahul Dravid]]
* [[Hrishikesh Kanitkar]]
* [[Robin Singh (cricketer)|Robin Singh]]
* [[Ajit Agarkar]]
* [[Rahul Sanghvi]]
* [[Harbhajan Singh]]
* [[Debashish Mohanty]]
* [[Sairaj Bahutule]]
*<s>[[Mohammad Azharuddin]]</s>
|
* [[Ajay Jadeja]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Saba Karim]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
* [[Gagan Khoda]]
* [[Nikhil Haldipur]]
* [[Amol Muzumdar]]
* [[Jatin Paranjpe]]
* [[Venkatesh Prasad]]
* [[Dodda Ganesh]]
* [[Nikhil Chopra]]
* [[Sunil Joshi]]
* [[Gyanendra Pandey (cricketer)|Gyanendra Pandey]]
* [[Jacob Martin (cricketer)|Jacob Martin]]
|
* [[Sourav Ganguly]] ([[captain (cricket)|c]])
* [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
* [[Rohan Gavaskar]]
* [[Devang Gandhi]]
* [[Sanjay Raul]]
* [[Amay Khurasiya]]
* [[Vanka Pratap]]
* [[Nekkanti Madhukar]]
* [[Robin Singh Jr.|Robin Singh Jr]]
* [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan|KN Ananthapadmanabhan]]
* [[Nilesh Kulkarni]]
* [[M. S. K. Prasad|MSK Prasad]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|}

* Initially, [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] was selected to captain India Seniors, but he opted out of the tournament for personal reasons. [[Nayan Mongia]] was named as captain of the side, and [[Jai Prakash Yadav (cricketer)|JP Yadav]] was included in the squad as his replacement.<ref>[https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/CHLNGR_1998-99_SQUADS.html 'Mongia to lead India Seniors after Azharuddin opts out, JP Yadav replaces']</ref>

==Points Table==
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|update=complete
|source= <ref>[https://www.crichq.com/competitions/5952/draws/7444/standings_table 'Points Table']</ref>
|winpoints=2
|nrpoints=1
|show_tie=no
|showteam=

|team1=India A|team2=India B
|team3=India Seniors

|result1=Q |result2=Q |result3=

|win_India A=1 |loss_India A=0 |nr_India A=1 |nrr_India A=+0.025
|win_India B=0 |loss_India B=0 |nr_India B=2 |nrr_India B=+0.000
|win_India Seniors=0 |loss_India Seniors=1 |nr_India Seniors=1 |nrr_India Seniors=-0.025

|name_India A={{flagicon|IND}} '''India A'''
|name_India B={{flagicon|IND}} '''India B'''
|name_India Seniors={{flagicon|IND}} '''India Seniors'''

|col_Q=#cfc
|col_O=#fcc
}}

==Matches==
===Group stage===
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 15 October 1998
| team1 = India A {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 = 181/7 (40 overs)
| score2 = 180/8 (40 overs)
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India Seniors
| runs1 = [[Ajay Jadeja]] 50* (56)
| wickets1 = [[Sairaj Bahutule]] 3/26 (7 overs)
| runs2 = [[Amay Khurasiya]] 55 (76)
| wickets2 = [[Venkatesh Prasad]] 2/19 (8 overs)
| result = India A won by 1 run.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/IND_IND-A_CHLNGR_15OCT1998.html|title=Full Scorecard of India Seniors vs India A 1998/99 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad]]
| toss = India Seniors won the toss and elected to field.
| umpires = [[K. S. Giridharan|KS Giridharan]] (IND) and [[S. Choudhary|S Choudhary]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Match reduced to 40 overs per side due to overnight rain and wet outfield.
| notes = Points: India A 2, India Seniors 0
}}
----
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 16 October 1998
| team1 = India Seniors {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 =
| score2 =
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India B
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Match abandoned without a ball being bowled.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/IND_IND-B_CHLNGR_16OCT1998.html|title=Full Scorecard of India Seniors vs India B 1998/99 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad]]
| toss =
| umpires = [[K. Parthasarathy|K Parthasarathy]] (IND) and [[Krishna Hariharan]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Match called off due to rain.
| notes = Points: India Seniors 1, India B 1
}}
----
{{Limited Overs Matches
| date = 17 October 1998
| team1 = India A {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 =
| score2 =
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India B
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Match abandoned without a ball being bowled.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/IND-A_IND-B_CHLNGR_17OCT1998.html|title=Full Scorecard of India A vs India B 1998/99 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad]]
| toss =
| umpires = [[K. S. Giridharan|KS Giridharan]] (IND) and [[S. Choudhary|S Choudhary]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Match called off due to heavy rains and expected cyclone.
| notes = Points: India A 1, India B 1
}}

==Final==
{{Single-innings cricket match
| date = 18 October 1998
| team1 = India A {{flagicon|IND}}
| score1 =
| score2 =
| team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} India B
| runs1 =
| wickets1 =
| runs2 =
| wickets2 =
| result = Match abandoned without a ball being bowled.
| report = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://static.espncricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1998-99/IND_LOCAL/CHLNGR/IND-A_IND-B_CHLNGR-FINAL_18OCT1998.html|title=Full Scorecard of Final India A vs India B 1998/99 - Score Report |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>
| venue = [[Narendra Modi Stadium|Sardar Patel Stadium, Ahmedabad]]
| toss =
| umpires = [[K. Parthasarathy|K Parthasarathy]] (IND) and [[Krishna Hariharan]] (IND)
| motm =
| rain = Match called off due to wet and soggy outfield.
| notes = India A and India B declared as joint winners of NKP Salve Challenger Trophy 1998/99.
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:NKP Salve Challenger Trophy, 1998-99}}
[[Category:1998 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:1999 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 1998–99]]
[[Category:NKP Salve Challenger Trophy]]

{{Indian-domestic-cricket-competition-stub}}

Kuzhithurai, Kanyakumari

2025-11-12T16:28:43Z

LarueVesely77: creating biography

{{distinguish|text=[[Kuzhithura]], a coastal village in [[Kollam]] district of [[Kerala]], India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kuzhithurai
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in [[Tamil Nadu]]##Location in [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|8|19|N|77|11|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Kanyakumari district|Kanyakumari]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Second Grade Municipality
| governing_body = Kuzhithura Municipality
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 5
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total = 21307
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 629163
| registration_plate = '''TN-75'''
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[English language|English]]
}}

'''Kuzhithurai''' (also called as "Kullhithurai") is a town and [[municipality]] in [[Kanyakumari District]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. It is the [[Local government|administrative]] [[headquarters]] of the Vilavancode [[Taluk]]. It is located {{cvt|26|km}} north of the [[Nagercoil]] city and {{cvt|42|km}} south of Kerala's capital city [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. It has a historical seaport (''thura'' or ''thurai'') where ancient merchants came from across the Arabian sea in ancient times. It is mentioned in ancient Indian maps. {{As of|2011}}, the town had a population of 21,307.

==Demographics==
{{bar box|title=Religious census|titlebar=#ddd|left1=Religion|right1=Percent(%)|float=left|bars={{bar percent|[[Hinduism|Hindu]]|Orange|40.57}}{{bar percent|[[Islam|Muslim]]|Green|3.91}}{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|purple|55.57}}{{bar percent|[[Buddhism|Buddhist]]|Gold|0.02}}{{bar percent|Other|grey|0.09}}}}

According to [[2011 census of India|2011 census]], Kuzhithurai had a population of 21,307 with a sex-ratio of 1,022 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929.<ref name="dashboard">{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/censusinfodashboard/index.html|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref> A total of 1,829 were under the age of six, constituting 922 males and 907 females. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] accounted for 1.45% and .02% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 85.99%, compared to the national average of 72.99%.<ref name="dashboard"/> The town had a total of: 5519 households. There were a total of 7,861 workers, comprising 171 cultivators, 615 main agricultural labourers, 238 in household industries, 5,573 other workers, 1,264 marginal workers, 27 marginal cultivators, 99 marginal agricultural labourers, 136 marginal workers in household industries, and 1,002 other marginal workers.<ref name=2011census>{{cite web|title=Census Info 2011 Final population totals - Kuzhithura|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/pca/SearchDetails.aspx?Id=701374|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|year=2013|access-date=26 January 2014}}</ref>

As per the religious census of 2011, Kuzhithurai had
40.57% [[Hindus]], 3.91% [[Muslims]], 55.57% [[Christians]], 0.02% [[Buddhists]] and 0.09% following other religions.<ref name=religion2011>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>

==Geography==
Kuzhithurai municipality spreads over an area of {{cvt|5|sqkm}}. The [[Thamiraparani river]] (not the river flowing through [[Tirunelveli district]]) flows through Kuzhithurai.

== Historical importance ==
{{Unreferenced-section|date=April 2022}}
This town is famous for the annual Karkida Vavu Bali (Shradham for the ancestors held during the Mahalaya Amavasai) ceremony that is held here during July/Aug (Malayalam month Karkidakam). Along with the religious ceremony during this time, the famous annual exhibition fair - Vavubali Mela / Exhibition - was started by Shri. T.C Kesava Pillai, MLC from Kuzhithurai in the 1900s. Today this is continued by the Kuzhithurai Town Municipality.

The annual temple procession from Padmanabhapuram to Trivandrum stays overnight at Kuzhithurai per tradition started by the kings of Travancore. The famous Mahadevar temple is ancient built on rock foundation.

The Chitharal Jain Monuments; also known as Chitharal Malai Kovil (literally Temple on the Hill), Chitharal Cave Temple or Bhagwati Temple, Chitral; are situated on the Thiruchanattu Malai (Thiruchanattu hillocks) nearby Chitharal village. Chitharal hills are locally known as Chokkanthoongi Hills. The rocks show inscriptions of Vattezhuthu an extinct ancient Malayalam Tamil script.

== Tourist spots ==
Chitharal Jain Monuments: The [[Chitharal Jain Monuments]] are the ruins of a Jain training center from the 9th century CE, on a small hill. It has the famous Lord Shiva Temple and the hillock has a cave containing rock-cut sculptures of Thirthankaras and attendant deities carved inside and outside dating back to the 9th century. Among the rock-cut relief sculptures is a figure of the goddess Dharmadevi. Jain influence in this region was due to the King Mahendravarman I (610–640).

Mathur Aqueduct: one of the largest Aqueducts in Asia. It is one of the longest and highest aqueducts in South Asia and is also a popular tourist spot in Kanyakumari District. The Aqueduct is built across the Pahruli river, a small river that originates in the Mahendragiri Hills of the Western Ghats. Mathur Aqueduct itself carries water of the Pattanamkal canal for irrigation over the Pahruli river, from one hill to another, for a distance of close to one kilometre. This Aqueduct is necessitated due to the undulating land terrain of the area, which is also adjacent to the hills of the Western Ghats.

Mathur Aqueduct is a concrete structure held up by 28 huge pillars, the maximum height of the pillars reaching 115 ft. The trough structure is 7 ft in height, with a width of 7.5 ft. The trough is partly covered on top with concrete slabs, allowing people to walk on the bridge and also see the water going through the trough. Some of the pillars are set in rocks of the Pahrali river, though some of the pillars are set in hills on either side.

Road access allows one to drive into one side of the Aqueduct (up to one end), while it is also possible to drive into the foot of the Aqueduct (the level where the Pahrali flows) on the opposite side. There is also a huge flight of stairs (made in recent times) that allows one to climb from the level of the Pahruli river to the trough.

==Culture==
Tamil is the local and official language in Kuzhithurai. People in this region are capable of speaking both Tamil and Malayalam. Christianity is the major religion, where one can find many churches around Kuzhithurai. Lord Shiva Temple near to post office is the old Temple in Kuzhiturai. On Monday, 22 December 2014, [[Pope Francis]] erected the new [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kuzhithurai]], with 264,222 Catholics and a total population of 855,485, out of territory taken from the neighbouring [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Kottar]], and named the Rev. Fr. [[Jerome Dhas Varuvel]], S.D.B., 63, until then a novice master for the [[Salesians of Don Bosco]] in the Vellore diocese, as its first bishop. Its headquarters will be at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Thirithuvapuram, and it will be a [[suffragan see]] of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.microsofttranslator.com/BV.aspx?ref=IE8Activity&a=http%3A%2F%2Fpress.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fsalastampa%2Fen%2Fbollettino%2Fpubblico%2F2014%2F12%2F22%2F0981%2F02121.html|title = Web Translator}}</ref>

==Notable people==

*[[C. Sylendra Babu]], DGP, Tamilnadu Police Department
* B Jeba Raja, Vice-President, Sanmar Group

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==

{{Regions of Kanyakumari}}
{{Municipalities of Tamil Nadu}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Kanyakumari district]]

Fifth Badal ministry

2025-11-02T05:33:47Z

LarueVesely77: article

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2018}}[[Parkash Singh Badal]]'s fifth cabinet started from March 2012. Following is the list of ministers with their [[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]].
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Fifth Prakash Singh basal ministry
|-
| colspan="2" |[[Parkash Singh Badal]]
[[Hon'ble]] [[Chief Minister of Punjab (India)|Chief Minister of Punjab]]
|-
!Date Formed
|2012
|-
!Date Dissolved
|2017
|-
! colspan="2" |People and organisations
|-
!Head of government
|[[Parkash Singh Badal]]
|-
!Member parties
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]] and [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
! colspan="2" |History
|-
!Predecessor
|[[Fourth Badal ministry]]
|-
!Successor
|[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry]]
|}

== Council of Ministers ==

<section begin="2012 Punjab Council of Ministers"/>
* As of March 2012
===By Minister===

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Portfolio
!Minister
!Took office
!Left
office
!Party
|-
| colspan="5" |[[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|Chief Ministers]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* [[List of chief ministers of Punjab (India)|'''Chief Minister''']]
* Personnel
* General Administration
* Power
* Cooperation
* Science Technology and Environment
* Vigilance
* Employment Generation
* Other departments not allocated to any Minister
|[[Parkash Singh Badal]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
| colspan="5" |. [[List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India|Deputy Chief Ministers]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* [[List of deputy chief ministers of Punjab, India|'''Deputy Chief Minister''']]
* Home Affairs and Justice
* Governance Reforms
* Housing
* Excise and Taxation
* Investment Promotion
* Sports and Youth Services
* Welfare
* Civil Aviation
|[[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
| colspan="5" |. Cabinet Minister
|-
|
* Revenue

*
*
|[[Bikram Singh Majithia]]
|2012
|2017
|
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* Finance
|[[Parminder Singh Dhindsa]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* Local government and Health
|[[Bhagat Chunni Lal]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* Parliamentary affairs
|[[Madan Mohan Mittal]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
* Forest and Wildlife
|Surjit Kumar
|2012
|2017
|[[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
|-
| rowspan="1" |
*Sports and Youth Services
* Sports and Youth Services
* Higher Education and Languages
|[[Sikander Singh Maluka]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
*
* Education
|[[Daljit Singh Cheema]]
|2014
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Tourism
|[[Sarwan Singh Phillaur]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* IT

* Taxation
|[[Adesh Partap Singh Kairon]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Transport
|[[Ajit Singh Kohar]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Dairy
|[[Gulzar Singh Ranike]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Agriculture
|[[Tota Singh]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Social Welfare

* Development of Women and Children Welfare
|[[Jagir Kaur]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Water Supply
|[[Surjit Singh Rakhra]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|-
|
* Irrigation
|[[Sharanjit Singh Dhillon]]
|2012
|2017
|[[Shiromani Akali Dal|SAD]]
|}

===By departments===
An alphabetical list of all the [[Departments of Government of Punjab, India|departments of Punjab Government]] with terms :<ref>{{cite web |title=Departments – Government of Punjab, India |url=https://punjab.gov.in/government/departments/ |access-date=21 March 2022 |archive-date=11 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211083554/https://punjab.gov.in/government/departments/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 
{{Cabinet table start
| hidepartycol = n
| hiderefcol = y
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Civil Aviation
| minister1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|21|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Cooperation
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Employment Generation and Training
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = General Administration
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Housing and Urban Development
| minister1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|21|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Investment Promotion
| minister1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|21|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Personnel
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Power
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = School Education
| minister1 = [[Sikander Singh Maluka]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Science, Technology & Environment
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Sports and Youth Services
| minister1 = [[Sukhbir Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|21|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Vigilance
| minister1 = [[Parkash Singh Badal]]
| minister1_termstart = {{start date|2012|3|16|df=yes}}
| minister1_termend = 2017
| minister1_party = Shiromani Akali Dal
}}
{{cabinet table end}}<section end="2012 Punjab Council of Ministers"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{succession box | before= [[Fourth Badal ministry]] | title=[[Government of Punjab, India|Government of Punjab]] | after=[[Second Amarinder Singh ministry]] | years=2012–2017}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Prakash Singh Badal ministry (2012-2017)}}
[[Category:Punjab, India ministries|Badal 05]]
[[Category:2010s in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Punjab, India]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 2012|Badal V]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 2017|Badal V]]
[[Category:Shiromani Akali Dal ministries]]

Adbhutananda

2025-11-01T22:28:40Z

LarueVesely77: new!

{{Short description|Indian monk (died 1920)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name = Adbhutananda
| image = Swami Adbhutananda.jpg
| caption =
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
| birth_place = [[Chhapra]], [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]]
| birth_name = Rakhturam
| death_date = 24 April 1920
| death_place = [[Benaras]], [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh]], British India
| guru = [[Ramakrishna]]
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]]
| other_names = Latu Maharaj
| honors =
| footnotes =
}}
{{Advaita}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Adbhutananda''' (died 1920), born '''Rakhturam''', was a direct monastic disciple of [[Ramakrishna]], a [[Yogi]] of nineteenth century [[Bengal]]. He is familiarly known as '''Latu Maharaj''' among the followers of Ramakrishna.<ref>{{cite book | author = Christopher Isherwood | title = Vedanta for the Western World | page = 155 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=dt8TBNyJpEkC&pg=PA154 | isbn=978-0-87481-000-4 | year=1945 | publisher=Vedanta Press| author-link = Christopher Isherwood }}</ref> Adbhutananda was the first monastic disciple to come to Ramakrishna.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1972|title=Swami Adbhutananda|journal=Prabuddha Bharata|publisher=Advaita Ashrama|page=259}}</ref> While most of Ramakrishna's direct disciples came from the Bengali intelligentsia, Adbhutananda's lack of formal education made him unique among them.<ref>{{cite book | author = Swami Chetanananda | title = God Lived with Them | chapter = Swami Adbhutananda | page = 393 | publisher = [[Advaita Ashrama]] | year = 1998 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
| last = Mukherjee
| first = Jayasree
| title = Sri Ramakrishna's Impact on Contemporary Indian Society
| journal = Prabuddha Bharata
| date = May 2004
| url = http://www.eng.vedanta.ru/library/prabuddha_bharata/sri_ramakrishna%27s_impact_on_contemporary_indian_society_may04.php
| quote = An analysis of the class composition of the early admirers and followers of Ramakrishna reveals that most of them came from the Western-educated middle class of the Bengali society, Latu (later Adbhutananda) or Rasik Hadi being exceptions.
| access-date = 22 September 2008
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080924025928/http://www.eng.vedanta.ru/library/prabuddha_bharata/sri_ramakrishna's_impact_on_contemporary_indian_society_may04.php
| archive-date = 24 September 2008
| url-status = dead
}}</ref> He was a servant boy of a devotee of Ramakrishna, and he later became his [[Monasticism|monastic]] disciple. Though unlettered, Adbhutananda was considered as a monk with great spiritual insight by Ramakrishna's followers, and [[Swami Vivekananda|Vivekananda]] regarded him as "the greatest miracle of Ramakrishna".<ref>{{cite book | author = Swami Gambhirananda | title = The Apostles of Sri Ramakrishna | page = 271 | year = 1967 }}</ref><ref name="A.P.Sen-2006"/>

== Biography ==

=== Early life ===
Adbhutananda was born in [[Chhapra]] district of [[Bengal Presidency]], [[British India]] (now in [[Bihar]]), around the middle of the nineteenth century.<ref name="A.P.Sen-2006">
{{cite journal
| last = Sen
| first = Amiya P.
| title = Sri Ramakrishna, the ''Kathamrita'' and the Calcutta middle classes: an old problematic revisited
| journal = Postcolonial Studies
| volume = 9
| issue = 2
| pages = 165–177
|date=June 2006
| doi = 10.1080/13688790600657835
| s2cid = 144046925
}}</ref> He was given the name Rakhturam, meaning "child who is protected by Lord [[Rama]]". His parents were poor, humble villagers. Both his father and mother died before Rakhturam was five years old and he was left in the care of an uncle who was affectionate towards him.<ref>''God Lived with them'', p.395</ref>

Growing up in the village, Rakhturam led a carefree life, tending cows and sheep in the fields. In later years, he said, "I used to wander freely with the cowherd boys. How simple and guileless they were! You can't have real joy unless you are like that."<ref>{{cite book | title = Sri Latu Maharajer Smritikatha | pages = 491}}</ref> Poverty forced Rakhturam and his uncle to travel to [[Calcutta]] in search of a livelihood. Rakhturam came in contact with [[Ram Chandra Datta|Ramachandra Datta]], a householder devotee of [[Ramakrishna]], and he joined as his servant.<ref name="GLWT_396">''God Lived with Them'', p.396</ref> As a servant, Rakhturam was considered energetic and faithful. Rakhturam became known as "Latu" in his new Calcutta surroundings, and he was called by that name thereafter.<ref name="GLWT_396"/>

=== Meetings with Ramakrishna ===
Ramakrishna lived at the [[Dakshineswar Kāli Temple]], a few miles north of Calcutta, on the eastern bank of the [[Ganges]]. [[Ram Chandra Datta]], Latu's employer, was one of the first householder disciples to visit Ramakrishna. Datta loved to speak about Ramakrishna and his sayings and Latu heard about Ramakrishna from him and was attracted by Ramakrishna's teachings,<ref>{{cite book | title = Sri Latu Maharajer Smritikatha | page = 27 | quote = The first teaching he heard was, "God sees into the mind of a man, without concern for what he is or where he is. He who yarns for God and wants none other than God--to such a man God reveals Himself. One should call on Him with a simple and innocent heart. Without sincere longing, none can see God. One should pray to Him in solitude and weep for him; only then will he bestow his mercy."}}</ref> It is reported that inspired by the teachings of Ramakrishna, he was often found lying covered with his blanket, quietly wiping tears from his eyes thinking of God.<ref name="GLWT_397">''God Lived with Them'', p.397</ref> Latu waited eagerly for an opportunity to meet Ramakrishna, and he met Ramakrishna on a Sunday in 1879 or 1880.

When Ramakrishna saw Latu, he reportedly said to Ramchandra that Latu had "holy signs in him." and it is reported that when Ramakrishna touched him, Latu entered an ecstatic state, "tears trickled from his eyes and his lips began to quiver with emotion" and he gradually returned to normal state of consciousness.<ref name="GLWT_397"/> Latu began to visit Ramakrishna regularly, and he lost the enthusiasm with which he worked before at Datta's house. In June 1881, he joined Ramakrishna at Dakshineswar as his personal attendant and helper.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.400</ref> He also used to help [[Sarada Devi]] in her chores.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.433</ref>

=== With Ramakrishna in Dakshineswar ===
At Dakshineswar Latu began a life of rigorous spiritual discipline under Ramakrishna's guidance, and also continued his service as his servant to him. His day began, first seeing Ramakrishna and saluting him. As Latu had received no formal schooling, Ramakrishna hoped that he might acquire at least a rudimentary education, so he tried to teach him the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] [[alphabet]]s himself. However, Latu's [[Bihari people|Bihari]] accent was different from that of a Bengali, and he could not read even the first [[vowel]] correctly.<ref>{{cite book|last=Prabhavananda|first=Swami|title=The Sermon on the Mount According to Vedanta|page=36|chapter=The Salt of the Earth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UtISmcVWgYC | isbn=978-0-87481-050-9 | year=1991 | publisher=Vedanta Press}}</ref> Ramakrishna corrected him repeatedly with much amusement, and the experiment was later discontinued.<ref>''God lived with them'', pp.401-402</ref> According to [[Saradananda]], Ramakrishna's monastic disciple Latu was seen "praying and meditating the whole night and sleeping during the day. His life was a literal example of the teaching of the ''[[Bhagavad Gita|Gita]]'':'In that which is night to all beings, the man of self-control is awake; and where all beings are awake, there is night for the sage who sees (2.69)."<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.404</ref>

=== At Shyampukur and Cossipore ===
In the middle of 1885 Ramakrishna's throat became sore, which later developed into [[Head and neck cancer|throat cancer]]. To conveniently treat him, the devotees moved Ramakrishna from Dakshineswar to [[Shyampukur]], in North Calcutta. Latu, being his personal attendant went with him. He later moved on with Ramakrishna to [[Cossipore]] on 11 December 1885. He took care of nursing Ramakrishna during his final days, reminiscing about which Latu said, "Serving the Master was our worship. We didn't need any other spiritual disciplines."<ref>''God lived with them'', p.411</ref> Latu received an ochre cloth and [[Japamala|rosary]] from Ramakrishna.<ref>''God lived with them'', p.412</ref> After Ramakrishna's death on 16 August 1886, Latu went on a pilgrimage visiting [[Vrindaban]], [[Varanasi]], [[Ayodhya]] with [[Sarada Devi]], and other lay and monastic disciples of Ramakrishna.<ref>''God lived with them'', p.413</ref>

=== At Calcutta ===
[[File:GirishChandraGosh group photo.jpg| thumb | right | Adbhutananda with [[Girish Chandra Ghosh]], [[Mahendranath Gupta]] and other disciples and devotees of Ramakrishna]]
After Ramakrishna's death, Narendra (Vivekananda) and some of the other disciples established the first Ramakrishna monastery at [[Baranagore]] in an old, dilapidated house. Here some of the disciples including Naren took their monastic vows and were engaged in the study of the scriptures, practising [[meditation]] and austerity.<ref>''God lived with them'', p.414</ref> Latu joined them later in 1887 and accepted the monastic vows. Vivekananda gave him the monastic name Adbhutananda, meaning, "He who finds bliss in the wonderful nature of the [[Ātman (Hinduism)|Atman]]."<ref>''God lived with them'', p.415</ref> According to his brother monks, Adbhutananda led a very austere life at the monastery practising meditation and ''[[japa]]''. He led the life of a wandering monk around the Calcutta area, unattached to people and places. Sometimes he stayed at the home of other householder devotees, but most often was found living simply on the bank of the [[Ganges]]. Sometimes he stayed at [[Alambazar]] Math and [[Belur Math]].<ref>''God lived with them'', p.417</ref>
He also went on several pilgrimages to North India with his brother disciples including Vivekananda.<ref>''God lived with them'', p.422</ref> In 1903 he moved to the house of [[Balaram Bose]], a householder devotee of Ramakrishna and stayed there till 1912. Here he was visited by people from different walks of life—judges, doctors, teachers, learned monks, and householders for spiritual instructions.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.428</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Prabhavananda|first=Swami|title=The Sermon on the Mount According to Vedanta|page=36|chapter=The Salt of the Earth | quote = One day, several young monks came across a difficult passage in the [[Upanishads]], the ancient scriptures of the Hindus. They could not understand it, although they referred to a number of commentaries. Finally, they asked Adbhutananda for an explanation. As he did not know Sanskrit, the young monks phrased the passage in this vernacular. Adbhutananda thought for a moment; then he said, "I've got it!" Using a simple illustration, he explained the passage to them, and they found wonderful meaninging it.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6UtISmcVWgYC | isbn=978-0-87481-050-9 | year=1991 | publisher=Vedanta Press}}</ref>

=== At Varanasi ===
In October 1912 Adbhutananda left Balaram's house for [[Varanasi]], never to return again.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.434</ref> Here he first stayed at Ramakrishna [[Advaita Ashrama]] and later at different locations. As was characteristic of him, he was so often absorbed in meditation that he rarely had fixed time for meals. In Varanasi, he continued to teach and people visited him for spiritual instructions.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.435</ref>

==== Last days ====
During his last days, according to his devotees, Adbhutananda seemed to be gradually withdrawing from the world. He spoke occasionally with people, and when he spoke it was generally of spiritual matters. As reported by this disciples, his body, which had once been remarkably strong, had been gradually weakened by age and years of intense spiritual disciplines and his indifference towards the physical world.<ref>''God Lived with Them'', p.436</ref> During the last few years he suffered from [[diabetes]] and minor physical ailments. During the last year of his life he developed a blister on this leg, which developed into [[gangrene]].<ref name="p437">''God Lived with Them'', p.437</ref> He was visited by his brother disciples—[[Turiyananda]] and [[Saradananda]].<ref name="p437"/> Eventually the gangrene worsened and the doctors operated several times on successive days, but were unsuccessful. Adbhutananda died in the holy city of [[Varnasi|Varanasi]] at 12:10 p.m on Saturday, 24 April 1920.<ref name="p438"/> Regarding his death, Turiyananda wrote in a letter to [[Josephine MacLeod]], an American devotee of Vivekananda, "He showed no signs of pain during his illness. But the wonder of all wonders was that after this death when his body was placed in a sitting position to conform with some of the funeral rites, we found him looking so beautiful, so serene, so full of peace and bliss. His face beamed with light and an intelligence unspeakable, as if he were taking leave from his friends for the last time with an exhortation of affectionate benediction."<ref name="p438">''God Lived with Them'', p.438</ref>

== Teachings and sayings ==
Adbhutananda, being illiterate, did not write any books; his teachings and discourses have been recorded by his disciples and devotees. Swami Adbhutananda taught that "the true being in man is ever free, ever pure, and remains ever untouched by good or evil. Good and evil have no absolute reality. They exist only so long as man identifies himself with the ego, the [[Anātman|false self.]] When the ego is completely annihilated, man is freed from the false knowledge of duality or relativity--of good and evil."<ref>{{cite book|last=Fitzgerald|first= Astrid |title=Being Consciousness Bliss|page=161|chapter=Ignorance, Suffering and the Ego|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEo58-ihNygC | isbn=978-0-9701097-8-1 | year=2001 | publisher=SteinerBooks}}</ref>
His other teachings were,
* What is the use of prayer and meditation if there is no dependence on Him? Everything else is useless if this is lacking.
* It is a great sin to find fault with others. Those who do never do a good act themselves, who easily see defects in others and energetically spread rumours.
* It is better to continue calling on the Lord devotedly than to know, speak, and preach thousand and one religious cants and shibboleths.

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal|last=Nityajnanananda |first=Swami |title=The Uniqueness of Swami Adbhutananda |journal=Prabuddha Bharata |publisher=Advaita Ashrama |volume=114 |issue=1 |issn=0032-6178 |url=http://www.advaitaashrama.org/pb_archive/2009/PB_2009_January.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117081215/http://advaitaashrama.org/pb_archive/2009/PB_2009_January.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2009}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Chetanananda | title = Swami Adbhutananda : His teachings and reminiscences | publisher = Vedanta Society of St. Louis | year = 1980}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Chetanananda | title = How a Shepherd Boy Became a Saint | publisher = Vedanta Society of St. Louis | year = 1980 | isbn = 978-0-916356-59-0}}
* {{cite book | author = Swami Gambhirananda | title = The Apostles of Shri Ramakrishna | publisher = Advaita Ashrama | year = 1967}}

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote|Swami Adbhutananda}}
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Latu Maharaj}}
* [https://vedanta.org/2005/monthly-readings/spiritual-talks-of-swami-adbhutananda/ Spiritual Talks of Swami Adbhutananda]
* [https://belurmath.org/swami-adbhutananda/ Swami Adbhutananda Biography]
* [http://www.vivekananda.net/PPlHeKnew/MonasticDisciplesOfRk/Adbhutananda.html Articles by Adbhutananda]

{{Ramakrishna}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Adbhutananda, Swami}}
[[Category:1920 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu religious leaders]]
[[Category:Advaitin philosophers]]
[[Category:20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians]]
[[Category:Hindu reformers]]
[[Category:Indian Hindu monks]]
[[Category:Indian memoirists]]
[[Category:Monks of the Ramakrishna Mission]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing]]

1997 Indian presidential election

2025-10-26T19:01:49Z

LarueVesely77: improve page after review and improved wording to improve readability

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1997 Indian presidential election
| country = India
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1992 Indian presidential election
| previous_year = 1992
| next_election = 2002 Indian presidential election
| next_year = 2002
| election_date = 17 July 1997
| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=President Clinton with Indian president K. R. Narayanan (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| nominee1 = '''[[K. R. Narayanan]]'''
| party1 = Indian National Congress
| home_state1 = [[Kerala]]
| electoral_vote1 = '''956,290'''
| percentage1 = '''95.0%'''
| states_carried1 = '''29+[[Delhi|NCT]]+[[Puducherry (city)|PY]]'''
| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=T.N. Seshan in 1994 (cropped).jpg|bSize=100|cWidth=100|cHeight=120|oLeft=0|oTop=0}}
| nominee2 = [[T. N. Seshan]]
| party2 = [[Independent politician|Independent]]
| home_state2 = [[Kerala]]
| electoral_vote2 = 50,631
| percentage2 = 5.0%
| states_carried2 = 0
| color2 = FFA500
| 1blank = Swing
| 1data1 = 29.1% {{increase}}
| 1data2 = ''New''
| title = President
| before_election = [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| before_party = Indian National Congress (Indira)
| after_election = [[K. R. Narayanan]]
| after_party = Indian National Congress
| map_image = Indian presidential election, 1997.svg
| map_size = 300px
}}
The 11th [[President of India|presidential election of India]] was held on 17 July 1997. With 956,290 votes, [[K. R. Narayanan]] overcame his nearest rival [[T. N. Seshan]] who received 50,631 votes.<ref>{{cite news |title=K R Narayanan is India's new President |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/jul/17pres.htm |accessdate=29 October 2018 |work=Rediff.com |date=18 July 1997}}</ref> Narayanan was the first [[Dalit]] to be elected President of India.

==Candidates==

=== [[United Front (India)|United Front]] + [[Indian National Congress|INC]] ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
|-
![[United Front (India)|United Front]] + [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
! For President
|-
|[[File:The official portrait of Shri Kocheril Raman Narayanan, 10th President of the Republic of India.png|center|220x220px]]
|-
![[Vice President of India|Vice President]] [[K. R. Narayan]]
[[Indian National Congress]]
|}

=== [[Independent politician|Independent]] (''backed by [[Shiv Sena]]'') ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background-color: {{party color|Independent}}" |
|-
! [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|-
! For President
|-
| [[File:T.N. Seshan in 1994.jpg|center|220x220px]]
|-
! [[Chief Election Commissioner of India|Former Chief Election Commissioner of India]] [[T. N. Seshan]]
[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|}

==Results==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
|-
![[States of India|States]]
!No. of MLA/MPs
!Value of each Vote
![[K. R. Narayanan]] (Votes)
!K. R. Narayanan (Values)
![[T. N. Seshan]] (Votes)
!T. N. Seshan (Values)
!Invalid (Votes)
!Invalid (Values)
|-
|[[Member of Parliament (India)|Members of Parliament]]
|776
|708
|676
|478,608
|26
|18,408
|32
|22,656
|-
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|294
|148
|254
|37,592
|9
|1,332
|17
|2,516
|-
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|60
|8
|56
|448
|0
|0
|3
|24
|-
|[[Assam]]
|126
|116
|110
|12,760
|5
|580
|1
|116
|-
|[[Bihar]]
|324
|174
|285
|49,590
|8
|1,392
|15
|2,610
|-
|[[Goa]]
|40
|20
|35
|700
|2
|40
|3
|60
|-
|[[Gujarat]]
|182
|147
|156
|22,932
|11
|1,617
|7
|1,029
|-
|[[Haryana]]
|90
|112
|77
|8,624
|3
|336
|6
|672
|-
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|68
|51
|63
|3,213
|0
|0
|2
|102
|-
|[[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
|87
|72
|74
|5,328
|1
|72
|4
|288
|-
|[[Karnataka]]
|224
|131
|191
|25,021
|13
|1,703
|11
|1,441
|-
|[[Kerala]]
|140
|152
|135
|20,520
|0
|0
|2
|304
|-
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|320
|130
|296
|38,480
|9
|1,170
|13
|1,690
|-
|[[Maharashtra]]
|288
|175
|173
|30,275
|96
|16,800
|1
|175
|-
|[[Manipur]]
|60
|18
|52
|936
|4
|72
|0
|0
|-
|[[Meghalaya]]
|60
|17
|43
|731
|10
|170
|4
|68
|-
|[[Mizoram]]
|40
|8
|34
|272
|2
|16
|0
|0
|-
|[[Nagaland]]
|60
|9
|55
|495
|2
|18
|0
|0
|-
|[[Orissa, India|Orissa]]
|147
|149
|132
|19,668
|0
|0
|9
|1,341
|-
|[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|117
|116
|106
|12,296
|1
|116
|7
|812
|-
|[[Rajasthan]]
|200
|129
|174
|22,446
|4
|516
|12
|1,548
|-
|[[Sikkim]]
|32
|7
|31
|217
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|234
|176
|229
|40304
|2
|352
|2
|352
|-
|[[Tripura]]
|60
|26
|59
|1534
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|425
|208
|377
|78,416
|24
|4,992
|7
|1,456
|-
|[[West Bengal]]
|294
|151
|272
|41,072
|5
|755
|4
|604
|-
|[[Delhi]]
|70
|58
|58
|3,364
|3
|174
|8
|464
|-
|[[Puducherry (union territory)|Pondicherry]]
|30
|16
|28
|448
|0
|0
|1
|16
|-
|'''TOTAL'''
|'''4,848'''
|'''3,232'''
|'''4,231'''
|'''956,290'''
|'''240'''
|'''50,631'''
|'''171'''
|'''22,656'''
|-
|align=left colspan=9|Source: Election Commission of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://alfa.nic.in/hm/result.html |title=PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION RESULTS – 1997 |work=[[Internet Archive]] |publisher=[[Indian Parliament]] |accessdate=23 May 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/19970804211707/http://alfa.nic.in/hm/result.html |archivedate=4 August 1997 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
==See also==
* [[1997 Indian vice presidential election]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/19970804211707/http://alfa.nic.in/hm/result.html Election Commission of India Official Site]

{{Indian presidential elections}}

[[Category:1997 elections in India]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in India]]
[[Category:July 1997 in India]]

Abid Anwar (actor)

2025-10-25T01:14:50Z

LarueVesely77: stub!

{{Short description|Indian actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2023}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Abid Anwar
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Abid Anwar
| birth_date =
| occupation = Actor, model, singer
| other_names =
| yearsactive = 2009–present
| parents =
| spouse =
}}

'''Abid''' is an actor, model and singer who predominantly works in the Malayalam film industry.

== Career ==
Abid was a semi-finalist in the reality show conducted by [[Jeevan TV]] in 2009 and an award winner of the Gandarva Sangeetham music reality show conducted by [[Kairali TV]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/india/20110614/1771112.html|title=Young musicians to vie for Kairali-Swaralya Award|work=webindia}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He has also acted in over 80 television advertisements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/oct/13/malayali-actor-abid-anwar-makes-bilingual-debut-14873.html|title=Malayali actor Abid Anwar makes bilingual debut|work=Cinema Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indulgexpress.com/entertainment/cinema/2021/sep/27/rajaram-rajendrans-film-rani-rani-raniwill-premiere-at-dwsaff-in-dallas-and-nycsaff-in-new-york-th-35756.html|title=Rajaram Rajendran's film Rani Rani Rani will premiere at DWSaff in Dallas and NYCSaff in New York this October|work=Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/231017/a-man-of-many-talents-1.html|title=A man of many talents|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/070619/wooed-by-music.html|title=Wooed by music|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref> He also acted in character roles in the movies ''[[Innanu Aa Kalyanam]]'', ''Flat No 4B'', ''[[Kerala Nattilam Pengaludane]]'', etc.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2019/oct/14/malayali-actor-abid-anwar-to-star-in-hindi-english-film-rani-rani-rani-2047082.html|title=Malayali actor Abid Anwar to star in Hindi-English film 'Rani Rani Rani'|work=New Indian Express}}</ref> He played one of the lead roles in the Indian English-Hindi movie ''Rani Rani Rani'' starring [[Tannishtha Chatterjee]], [[Asif Basra]], [[Alexx O'Nell]] etc.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/240919/bollywood-calling-abid-anwar.html|title=Bollywood calling Abid Anwar|work=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Innanu Aa Kalyanam]]'' || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"|2014 || ''[[Kerala Nattilam Pengaludane]]'' || Ameen ||
|-
| ''Flat No 4B'' || Manu ||
|-
| 2024 || ''Rani Rani Rani'' || Krishna || English-Hindi film
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Subject bar
|commons = yes
|commons-search =
|d = yes
|d-search =
|portal1 = Biography
|portal2 =
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Abid}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors from Kochi]]
[[Category:Male actors in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]

{{India-film-actor-1980s-stub}}

Chümoukedima metropolitan area

2025-10-02T20:37:53Z

LarueVesely77: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area
|image_skyline =
|caption =
|subdivision_type1 = Major Urban Centres
|subdivision_name1 = [[Chümoukedima]] (includes 11 wards)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ctc.nagaland.gov.in/public/page/list-of-ward|title=List of Ward|access-date=11 January 2023|website=ctc.nagaland.gov.in}}</ref> [[Medziphema]] [[Sovima]] [[Tenyiphe-I]] [[Tenyiphe-II]] [[Diphupar]] [[Naga United]] [[Chekiye]]
|area_metro_km2 = 600
|population_urban = 125,400
|area_urban_km2 =
|population_metro =
|population_note =
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_density_urban_km2 = auto
|population_density_metro_km2 = auto
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = auto
|population_density_urban_sq_mi = auto
|image_map1 =
|coordinates = {{Coord|25.811766|N|93.758827|E|region:IN|display=inline,title}}
|blank_name_sec1 =
|blank_info_sec1 =
}}
'''Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area''' is the metropolitan area of [[Chümoukedima]] and its surrounding region, located in south-west [[Nagaland]], India. It is the largest metropolitan area in Nagaland and the third largest in population after [[Dimapur]] and [[Kohima]]. It covers an area of approximately 600 [[square kilometre|km2]] (231 mi2). The region forms the commercial, financial, and industrial centre of Nagaland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://morungexpress.com/chmoukedima-emerging-one-of-the-fastest-developing-towns-in-nagaland|title=Chümoukedima emerging one of the fastest developing towns in Nagaland|date=16 December 2021|newspaper=[[The Morung Express]]|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nagasconnect.com/state-news/18162/can-chumoukedima-become-a-model-district-of-nagaland|title=Can Chümoukedima become a model district of Nagaland?|date=30 June 2022|website=Nagas Connect|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref> The largest city is Chümoukedima, followed by [[Medziphema]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.censusindia2011.com/nagaland/dimapur/chumukedima-population.html|title=Chümoukedima Population|website=[[2011 Census of India|Census India 2011]]|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>{{efn|[[Chümoukedima District]] was carved out of [[Dimapur District]] on 18 December 2021 and was officially inaugurated on 29 June 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nagalandpost.com/index.php/neiphiu-rio-inaugurates-chumoukedima-district/|title=Neiphiu Rio inaugurates Chümoukedima District|date=30 June 2022|access-date=11 January 2023}}</ref>}}

== Transport ==
The Dimapur Airport serves the metropolis, currently the only airport in Nagaland

The [[Asian Highway 1]] and [[Asian Highway 2]], as well as the [[National Highway 29 (India)|NH29]], pass through the region.

[[Shokhüvi Railway Station|Chümoukedima Shokhüvi Railway Station]] is the only operating railway station in the region.

== See also ==
* [[Geography of Nagaland]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Chümoukedima| ]]
[[Category: Geography of Nagaland]]

Shahzadi Ka Roza

2025-09-04T20:52:25Z

LarueVesely77: Made a pg

{{Infobox historic site
| designation1_offname = Shahzadi Ka Roza
| designation1 = MANI
| designation1_number = N-MP-131
| image = General View of Shahzadi Ka Rouza.jpg
}}

'''Shahzadi Ka Rauza''', or '''Shahzadi Ka Roza''' (literally "princess' tomb") is a tomb located in [[Chanderi]], in the Indian state of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Percy Brown |url=https://archive.org/details/IndianArchitecture/page/n117/mode/2up |title=Indian Architecture |date=1942 |pages=65}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Nath |first=Ram |author-link=Ram Nath |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/The_Art_of_Chanderi/YllXAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Shahzadi+Ka+Rauza&dq=Shahzadi+Ka+Rauza&printsec=frontcover |title=The Art of Chanderi: A Study of the 15th Century Monuments of Chanderi |date=1979 |publisher=Ambika Publications |language=en}}</ref> It is listed as a [[Monuments of National Importance (India)|monument of national importance]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|24.7198|78.1335|type:landmark_region:IN|display=title}}

[[Category:Tombs in Madhya Pradesh]]

{{India-stub}}

Namdang Stone Bridge

2025-09-03T04:56:52Z

LarueVesely77: correct article to improve readability

{{Short description|Bridge in Assam, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name = Namdang Stone Bridge
|image = Namdang Sila Saku bridge.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|alt =
|caption =
|official_name =
|other_name =
|carries =
|crosses = Namdang River
|locale = Sibsagar, Assam
|maint = Govt of Assam
|id =
|designer =
|design = [[Arch bridge]]
|material = Stone
|pierswater =
|length = 60 m
|width = 6.5 m
|height =
|mainspan =
|spans =
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|open =
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|extra =
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The '''Namdang Stone Bridge''' is a historic [[bridge]] located a few kilometers away from [[Sibsagar]] town in Assam, India. It was constructed in 1703 by craftmen brought from [[Bengal]] during the reign of Ahom king [[Sukhrungphaa|Rudra Singha]]. The bridge is {{convert|60|m|ft|abbr=on}} long, {{convert|6.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} wide and {{convert|1.7|m|ft|abbr=on}} high. It runs over the Namdang (Tai-Ahom : Nam= Water; Dang=Red) river, a tributary of the Dikhou river. The present [[National Highway 37 (India)|National Highway 37]] is passing over it. The unique characteristic of the bridge is that it was cut out from a single solid piece of rock hundred years of age. The bridge is a little curved in shape. The bridge connects [[Sibsagar]] town to [[Jorhat]] and other districts in the west.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sajnani|first=Manohar |title=Encyclopaedia of tourism resources in India|volume=1|pages=20|chapter=Management Resources|year=2001 |isbn=9788178350172 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdMNBxOsvrUC&dq=namdang+stone+bridge&pg=PA20}}</ref>

== History ==
King [[Pratap Singha]] built a town on its bank and much later [[Rudra Singha]] constructed a [[masonry bridge]] over it. According to Peter Wade, the Namdang bridge was regarded as the western gate of the military capital of [[Rangpur, Assam|Rangpur]], and was capable of being rendered a post of great strength, as the [[Moamoria rebellion|Moamoria rebels]] experienced. Many battles were fought in the vicinity during the reign of [[Gaurinath Singha]] and the Moamaria rebels. In 1825 a decisive battle took place between the [[British East India Company]] and [[Konbaung dynasty|Burmese]] in the bank of the Namdang river.<ref name="TOI">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-03 |title=Namdang Stone Bridge set for makeover, to get heritage park & Sati Radhika statue |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/namdang-stone-bridge-set-for-makeover-to-get-heritage-park-sati-radhika-statue/articleshow/116916272.cms |access-date=2025-07-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> In 2019, local heritage groups petitioned the Assam Archaeological Department to initiate preservation efforts, underscoring the beidge's historic and architectural value.<ref name="local"/>

== Architecture ==
Constructed as a slightly curved stone arch bridge, it spans 60 m in length, 6-6.5 m in width and stands about 1.7 m high. Uniquely, much of the structure is carved from a single massive rock, with six culverts allowing water flow beneath. Instead of modern cement, builders employed an organic mortar blend a mix of rice paste, eggs, [[Lentil|black lentils]], [[molasses]], and lime which has contributed to its surprising resilience against floods and seismic activity India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-27 |title=Namdang Stone Bridge: A Remarkable Architectural Marvel of Assam - Ki Hikila {{!}} Knowledge in Assamese |url=https://www.kihikila.in/tourist-place/namdang-stone-bridge-a-remarkable-archi/ |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=www.kihikila.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Decorative sculptural panels carved into the arches further testify to the artistry of Ahom craftsmen.<ref name="local">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-20 |title=Veer Lachit Sena committee submits memorandum to preserve Namdang stone bridge |url=https://www.sentinelassam.com/north-east-india-news/assam-news/veer-lachit-sena-committee-submits-memorandum-to-preserve-namdang-stone-bridge |access-date=2025-07-16 |website=The Sentinel - of this Land, for its People |language=en}}</ref> Government plans to build a heritage park design include traditional Assamese architectural elements and digital displays explaining its unique construction techniques.<ref name="TOI"/>

==See also==
*[[List of bridges#India|List of bridges in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.igougo.com/journal-j20115-Assam-Sibsagar_-_Monuments_of_Unageing_Intellect.html#ReviewID:1181656 Namdang Xaku by Kharkhuwa]

{{commons category}}
[[Category:Sivasagar]]
[[Category:Bridges in Assam]]
[[Category:Stone arch bridges]]
[[Category:Ahom kingdom]]
[[Category:Transport in Sibsagar]]

Koli language

2025-08-13T02:50:34Z

LarueVesely77:

'''Koli''' is any of several Indo-Aryan languages of India, closely related to Gujarati:

*[[Kachi Koli language]]
*[[Parkari Koli language]]
*[[Wadiyara Koli language]] (Tharadari Koli)

== See also ==
*[[Koli (disambiguation)]]

{{dab}}

Paliath Ravi Achan

2025-07-27T09:05:32Z

LarueVesely77: basic refined article for accuracy also and improved wording after review

{{Short description|Indian cricketer (1928–2024)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox cricketer
| name = Paliath Ravi Achan
| image =
| fullname =
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1928|03|12|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Chendamangalam]], [[British Raj]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2024|04|01|1928|03|12|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Thrippunithura]], India
| heightft =
| heightinch =
| heightm =
| batting = Right-handed
| bowling = Right-handed [[fast-medium]] or [[leg-spin]]
| role = [[All-rounder]]
| family = K Ram Mohan (son) P. Balachandran (nephew)
| club1 = [[Travancore-Cochin cricket team]]
| year1 = 1952–1957
| clubnumber1 =
| club2 = [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]]
| year2 = 1957–1969
| columns = 1
| column1 = [[First-class cricket|First-class]]
| matches1 = 55
| runs1 = 1107
| bat avg1 = 11.53
| 100s/50s1 = 0/3
| top score1 = 70
| deliveries1 = 8188
| wickets1 = 125
| bowl avg1 = 34.67
| fivefor1 = 7
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 6/34
| catches/stumpings1= 30/–
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/425943.html Cricinfo
| date = 6 February
| year = 2021
}}

'''Paliath Ravi Achan''' (12 March 1928 – 1 April 2024) was an Indian cricketer who represented [[Travancore-Cochin cricket team|Travancore-Cochin]] and [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in domestic [[first-class cricket]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/33453.html|work=espncricinfo|title=Paliath Ravi Achan}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He was a right-handed batsman and right-arm medium-pacer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.manoramanews.com/news/sports/2018/03/07/cricket-star-ravi-achan-is-ninety.html|work=manoramanews|title= ജീവിതത്തിൻറെ ഇന്നിങ്സിൽ തൊണ്ണൂറ് തികച്ച് രവി അച്ചൻ}}</ref>

==Career==
Achan was the eldest male member of the [[Paliath Achan|Paliam]] royal family of [[Cochin]]. He did his B.Sc. at the [[Annamalai University]] in [[Chidambaram]]. Achan's [[Ranji Trophy]] debut came for [[Travancore-Cochin cricket team|Travancore-Cochin]] against [[Mysore cricket team|Mysore]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in 1952. It was Travancore-Cochin's second-ever Ranji match. He scored 43 in the match and was the team's highest scorer. When the Travancore-Cochin cricket team was renamed [[Kerala cricket team|Kerala]] in 1957, after the formation of [[Kerala]] state, Achan played for Kerala.

Achan retired from domestic cricket at the age of 41. His career-high score is 70 which came in his last game against [[Madras cricket team|Madras]] in 1969, while his best bowling figures (6-34) came in 1960 against [[Andhra Pradesh cricket team|Andhra Pradesh]]. He also played in [[Tripunithura]]'s Pooja tournament, one of the world's oldest limited-overs tournaments.<ref name="m074">{{cite web | last=Rayan | first=Stan | title=When Ravi Achan’s weakness turned out to be his strength | website=Sportstar | date=2018-03-11 | url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/indian/when-ravi-achans-weakness-turned-out-to-be-his-strength/article23034342.ece | access-date=2025-02-18}}</ref> Achan played 55 first-class matches for Travancore-Cochin and Kerala teams from 1952 to 1970. Primarily a [[leg-spinner]], he took 125 wickets and scored 1107 runs. He was the first Kerala cricketer to complete the double of 1000 runs and 100 wickets. He also captained Kerala in several games.<ref>{{cite news |last1=S |first1=Narayanan |title=Ravi Achan: Ravi Achan on a glorious unbeaten 90 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/ravi-achan-on-a-glorious-unbeaten-90/articleshow/63238529.cms |access-date=4 April 2024 |work=Times of India |date=9 March 2018}}</ref> The best spin bowler award presented by the [[Kerala Cricket Association]] is named after him.

==Death==
Achan died in [[Thrippunithura]], Ernakulam district on 1 April 2024, at the age of 96.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rayan |first1=Stan |title=Former Kerala cricket team captain Ravi Achan passes away |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/cricket/ravi-achan-passes-away-former-kerala-cricket-team-captain-news/article68017502.ece |access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=Sportstar |date=1 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{ESPNcricinfo|id=33453}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Achan, Palaith}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:2024 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian cricketers]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Kerala cricketers]]
[[Category:Travancore-Cochin cricketers]]
[[Category:People from Ernakulam district]]

{{India-cricket-bio-stub}}

Minati Sethi

2025-07-24T23:12:51Z

LarueVesely77: Created New Pg

{{Short description|Indian weightlifter (born 1990)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Minati Sethi
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| birth_name = Minati Sethi
| fullname =
| nickname =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| nationality = [[India]]n
| residence =
| alma mater =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|02|11|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height =
| weight =
| website =
| country = {{IND}}
| sport = [[Olympic weightlifting|Weightlifting]]
| event = –58 kg
| collegeteam =
| universityteam =
| club =
| team =
| turnedpro =
| partner =
| former_partner =
| coach =
| retired =
| coaching =
| worlds =
| regionals =
| nationals =
| olympics =
| paralympics =
| highestranking =
| pb =
| show-medals = y
| medaltemplates =
{{MedalSport| Women's [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]]}}
{{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}}
{{MedalCompetition|[[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[2012 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2012 Apia]]|58 kg}}
{{MedalSilver|[[2009 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2009 Penang]]|53 kg}}
{{MedalBronze|[[2013 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships|2013 Penang]]|58 kg}}
}}

'''Minati Sethi''' (born 11 February 1990) is a former Indian weightlifter from [[Odisha]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Minati Sethi|url=https://www.orisports.com/PersonDetails.aspx?pId=MjY0|work=Orisports|access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref> She competed in the 58 kg category and represented India at international competitions. She competed at the [[2010 World Weightlifting Championships]].<ref>{{cite web|title=78TH MEN'S AND 21ST WOMEN'S WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS|url=https://iwf.sport/results/results-by-events/results-by-events-old-bw/?event_id=116|publisher=iwf.net|access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

==Career==
Sethi made her international debut at the [[2009 Asian Weightlifting Championships]], where she finished 10th in the women's 53 kg category. She won her first medal at the 2009 [[Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]] at Malaysia winning silver medal in the women's 53 kg category.

In 2012, she won her first gold medal in the women's 58 kg category at the [[2012 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]] held at Samoa.<ref>{{cite book |title=2012 Commonwealth Senior Weightlifting Championships {{!}} Results Book |publisher=CWF |url=https://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/results/docs/2012/2012%20Commonwealth%20Senior%20Championships.pdf |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204190149/https://www.commonwealthweightlifting.com/results/docs/2012/2012%20Commonwealth%20Senior%20Championships.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2012 Commonwealth Championships {{!}} RESULTS BY EVENTS OLD BW|url=https://iwf.sport/results/results-by-events/results-by-events-old-bw/?event_id=212 |publisher=[[International Weightlifting Federation|IWF]] |access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=India wins 11 gold on 1st day of Commonwealth Weightlifting
|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/other/india-wins-11-gold-on-1st-day-of-commonwealth-weightlifting/story-ULqASg0pK4nsH3XYi7jjSI.html|website=Hindustan Times|date=6 June 2012|access-date=18 December 2023}}</ref>

She also won gold medal at the 2012 South Asian Weightlifting Championships held at Kathmandu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women from state bag 8 medals in weightlifting|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Women-from-state-bag-8-medals-in-weightlifting/articleshow/12399570.cms?from=mdr|website=The Times of India|date=12 March 2012}}</ref> She was provisionally suspended from competing in late 2015 after failing a dope test during [[2013 Commonwealth Weightlifting Championships]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indian Weightlifting Federation Forms Five-Member Committee to Look Into Dope Scandal|url=https://sports.ndtv.com/weightlifting/indian-weightlifting-federation-forms-five-member-committee-to-look-into-dope-scandal-1490784|website=NDTV Sports|date=17 November 2015}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://iwf.sport/weightlifting_/athletes-bios/?athlete=sethi-minati-1990-02-11&id=8441 IWF profile]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sethi, Minati}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian female weightlifters]]
[[Category:People from Puri]]
[[Category:Weightlifters from Odisha]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Odisha]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:Indian sportspeople in doping cases]]
[[Category:Doping cases in weightlifting]]
[[Category:1990 births]]

{{India-weightlifting-bio-stub}}

Arjun Tudu

2025-06-11T14:35:44Z

LarueVesely77: stub!

{{Short description|Indian footballer (born 1990)}}{{Notability|1=Sports|date=June 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox football biography
|name = Arjun Tudu
|image =
|fullname =
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1990|1|1|df=y}}
|birth_place = India
|height =
|position = [[Forward (association football)|Forward]]
|years1 = 2008–2016
|clubs1 = [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]
|years2 = 2016
|clubs2 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|years3 = 2019–2020
|clubs3 = [[Southern Samity]]
}}
'''Arjun Tudu''' (born 1 January 1990) is an Indian former professional [[association football|footballer]] who played as a [[forward (association football)|forward]].

==Early life==
Tudu was born in 1990 in India. He used his father's football shoes as a child.<ref name="The New Indian Express - 21 September 2016 - One more tick mark in Arjun's Tudu list">{{cite news |last1=Prasad |first1=Vishnu |title=One more tick mark in Arjun's Tudu list |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/2016/Sep/21/one-more-tick-mark-in-arjuns-tudu-list-1521906.html |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |date=21 September 2016}}</ref>

==Club career==
Tudu started his career with [[Army Red (football team)|Army Red]]. In 2016, he signed for [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]. In 2019, he signed for [[Southern Samity]]. He has won the [[Santosh Trophy]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sampat |first1=Amit |title=Tudu turns the tide as Services retain Santosh Trophy |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/tudu-turns-the-tide-as-services-retain-santosh-trophy/articleshow/51388304.cms |access-date=19 July 2024 |work=Times of India |date=14 March 2016}}</ref>

==International career==
Tudu was called up to train with the [[India national football team|India national team]]. He was first called up for a [[2015 SAFF Championship]] training camp.

==Style of play==
Tudu mainly operated as a [[forward (association football)|forward]]. He was known for his ball control.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandran |first1=M. R. Praveen |title=Arjun Tudu — an unsung hero |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/football/arjun-tudu-an-unsung-hero/article8357906.ece |access-date=19 July 2024 |newspaper=The Hindu |date=16 March 2016}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Tudu is the son of Chunnu Tudu. He is a native of [[Sarjamda]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/jamshedpur/741899-|title=सरजामदा के अर्जुन टुडू ने फुटबॉल में गाड़े झंडे|date=20 March 2016 |publisher=prabhatkhabar.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Soccerway|464166}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tudu, Arjun}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Men's association football forwards]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Odisha FC players]]

Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region

2025-05-06T04:44:54Z

LarueVesely77: adding a data

In India, '''Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions''' ('''PCPIRs'''), originally known as '''Mega-Chemical Industrial Estates''' ('''MCIES''') or '''chemical hubs''', are [[Special economic zone|special economic zones]] intended to facilitate production of [[petroleum]] and [[Petrochemical|petrochemicals]]. The [[Government of India]] introduced the concept of chemical hubs in 2005. In 2007, the concept was reworked and expanded under the name PCPIRs.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chatterjee|first=Tanmay|title=Allies confused over Haldia chemical hub|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=188124&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926214022/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=188124&usrsess=1|archive-date=26 September 2007|access-date=2007-09-06|publisher=The Statesman, 26 June 2007|df=dmy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Paswan launches PCPIR policy|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=12&id=183261&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929105931/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=12&id=183261&usrsess=1|archive-date=29 September 2007|access-date=2007-09-06|publisher=The Statesman, 9 May 2007|df=dmy}}</ref> States with existing PCPIRs include [[Gujarat]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=ARETE Group to invest Rs 1,050 crore in developing phase one of Industrial Park in Gujarat|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/property-/-cstruction/arete-group-to-invest-rs-1050-crore-in-developing-phase-one-of-industrial-park-in-gujarat/articleshow/87812265.cms|access-date=2022-01-22}}</ref> In January 2022, public hearings regarding a proposed PCPIR in [[Paradeep]], [[Odisha]], drew controversy.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paradip: Public hearing for PCPIR sans the affected evokes sharp reactions|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2022/jan/03/paradip-public-hearing-for-pcpir-sans-the-affected-evokes-sharp-reactions-2402525.html|access-date=2022-01-22|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

== Nandigram movement ==
{{Main|Nandigram violence}}
In 2006, a proposal by the Haldia Development Authority for a chemical hub covering both [[Nandigram I]] and [[Nandigram II]] [[Community development block|community development blocks]], prompted concern and controversy among residents.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Erickson|first1=Jim|last2=Loveard|first2=Keith|date=30 November 2000|title=Hot Noodle Take-Away. Indofood's Singapore plans worry Indonesians.|url=http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/97/0822/biz1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114084931/http://www.asiaweek.com/asiaweek/97/0822/biz1.html|archive-date=14 November 2007|access-date=13 May 2011|publisher=Asia Week. CNN.|location=Jakarta}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Tripathi|first=Salil|date=8 October 1998|title=Jakarta: Pulling Punches|url=http://www.saliltripathi.com/articlesReview/8Oct98Review.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020719183321/http://www.saliltripathi.com/articlesReview/8Oct98Review.html|archive-date=19 July 2002|access-date=13 May 2011|publisher=[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]|via=saliltripathi.com}}</ref> The HDA intended to expropriate some 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land owned by farmers in the region.<ref name="telegraphindia">{{cite news|date=19 March 2007|title=Stockpile squad trail heads towards party – Phone records spill Nandigram secret|work=The Telegraph|location=Calcutta, India|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/stockpile-squad-trail-heads-towards-party-phone-records-spill-nandigram-secret/cid/972089|url-status=live|access-date=4 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042427/http://telegraphindia.com/1070319/asp/frontpage/story_7537027.asp|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> By 2007, protests by the affected farmers had snowballed into a major movement led by the [[Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee]]; clashes between the protestors and police were later known as the [[Nandigram violence]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=DM halts land acquisition|url=http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=177504&usrsess=1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929120557/http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=1&id=177504&usrsess=1|archive-date=29 September 2007|access-date=4 March 2020|work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]]}}</ref> The location of the proposed chemical hub was later shifted to [[Nayachar]] and the proposal was eventually scrapped.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="Indian Express">{{cite web|title=Nayachar project scrapped|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/nayachar-project-scrapped/834522/|access-date=2011-09-15}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Petroleum in India]]
[[Category:Investment in India]]

Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University

2025-04-25T04:12:47Z

LarueVesely77:

{{Short description|State university in Uttar Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox university
| name = Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image_name = Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University logo.png
| image_size =
| other_name =
| established = {{Start date|df=yes|2009}}
| type = [[State university (India)|State university]]
| chancellor = [[Governor of Uttar Pradesh]]
| vice_chancellor = Ajay Taneja
| address = IIM Road, Lucknow
| city = [[Lucknow]]
| state = [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| country = [[India]]
| coordinates = {{coord|26.928709|80.8963305|display=inline,title}}
| campus = Urban
| former_names = {{Ubl
| Uttar Pradesh Arabi Pharsi University
| Uttar Pradesh Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University
| Manyavar Shri Kanshi Ram Ji Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University
| Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University
}}
| website = {{URL|www.kmclu.ac.in}}
| affiliations = [[University Grants Commission (India)|UGC]]
}}
'''Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University''' ('''KMCLU'''), formerly '''Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University''' ('''KMCUAFU''') is a [[state university (India)|state university]]<ref name=State>{{cite web|url=https://www.ugc.ac.in/oldpdf/State%20University/State%20University%20as%20on%2018-09-2017.pdf|title=List of State Universities as on 18.09.2017|date=18 September 2017|access-date=27 September 2017|format=PDF|publisher=[[University Grants Commission (India)|University Grants Commission]]}}</ref> based in [[Lucknow]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]. Established in 2009, the university is named after [[Sufi]] saint [[Mu'in al-Din Chishti]].

== History ==
The university was established in 2009 as "Uttar Pradesh Arabi Pharsi University", under the ''Uttar Pradesh Arabi Pharsi University Act, 2009''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh Arabi Pharsi University Act, 2009|url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/15064/1/12of2009.pdf|access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> In 2010 the act was repealed and the university was reintroduced as "Uttar Pradesh Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University" under ''Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2010''.<ref name=Act>{{cite web |title=The Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2010 with amendments 6 of 2011, 5 of 2013, 10 of 2013, 2 of 2014, 14 of 2014, 19 of 2016, 1 of 2018, 6 of 2019, 11 of 2019, 20 of 2019 |url=https://prsindia.org/files/bills_acts/acts_states/uttar-pradesh/2010/2010UP11.pdf |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> It was renamed "Manyavar Shri Kanshi Ram Ji Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University" in 2011 under ''Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2011'', to honor the politician and social reformer [[Kanshi Ram]].<ref name=Act/> About a year later it was renamed again "Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Urdu, Arabi-Farsi University" in 2012, under ''Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2012'', in honor of [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint [[Mu'in al-Din Chishti]].<ref name=Act/> In 2020, it was renamed a final time "Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University" under ''Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2020''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Uttar Pradesh State Universities (Amendment) Act, 2020 |url=https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/14716/1/8of2020.pdf |access-date=13 October 2021 |date=12 March 2020}}</ref>

Anis Ansari was appointed the founder [[vice-chancellor]] (VC) of the university in April 2010.<ref>{{cite news |title=About The University |url=https://uafulucknow.ac.in/about-university-2/university-history/ |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref> Mahrukh Mirza was appointed VC in October 2017.<ref>{{cite news |title=प्रो. नरेन्द्र बहादुर सिंह बने उर्दू अरबी फारसी यूनिवर्सिटी के कुलपति |trans-title=Pro. Narendra Bahadur Singh appointed as Vice Chancellor of Urdu Arabic Persian University|url=https://www.patrika.com/lucknow-news/professor-mahrukh-mirza-appointed-as-urdu-arabi-farsi-university-vc-1939262/ |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=Patrika News |date=26 October 2017 |language=hindi}}</ref> After vacating the position in October 2020, in January 2021, after all candidates for the VC position have been rejected, [[Vinay Kumar Pathak]] was appointed VC as an additional charge.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jain |first1=Isha |title=Governor calls for fresh VC applications for Chisti language university |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/guv-calls-for-fresh-vc-applications-for-chisti-language-univ/articleshow/80308598.cms |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=17 January 2021 |language=en}}</ref> Anil Kumar Shukla was appointed VC in April 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Professor Anil Kumar Shukla new VC of Khwaja university {{!}} Lucknow News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/prof-shukla-new-vc-of-khwaja-university/articleshow/81978132.cms |access-date=13 October 2021 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=9 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> In January 2022, Alok Kumar Rai, VC of [[Lucknow University]], was appointed VC as KMCLU as an additional charge.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mullick |first1=Rajeev |title=Closed campuses, delayed exams leave students in UP jittery |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/closed-campuses-delayed-exams-leave-students-in-up-jittery-101643476808958.html |access-date=15 March 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=29 January 2022 |language=en |quote=prof Alok Kumar Rai, vice chancellor of Lucknow University who was also given the additional charge of vice chancellor of KMC University last week.}}</ref>

== Campus ==
The university is presently located on 28 acres of land on Sitapur-Hardoi Bypass road, adjacent to Indian Institute of Management(IIM), Lucknow. The Govt. of U.P. has decided to acquire additional 15 acres of land for the University. Another proposal of purchasing additional 120 acres of land from Lucknow Development Authority(LDA) is also being considered by Govt. of U.P.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.kmclu.ac.in}}

{{Education in Lucknow}}
{{Universities in Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Lucknow division topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti Language University}}
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Lucknow]]
[[Category:Universities in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:2009 establishments in Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2009]]
[[Category:Memorials to Mu'in al-Din Chishti]]

Indian Railway Library

2025-01-22T03:49:21Z

LarueVesely77: revised

The '''Indian Railway Library''' was an enterprise conducted in [[Allahabad]] from 1888. It was a publishing venture of [[A. H. Wheeler|A. H. Wheeler & Co.]], who "had the monopoly on bookstall sales on Indian railway stations" <ref>{{cite book
| last = Lycett
| first = Andrew
| title = Rudyard Kipling
| url = https://archive.org/details/rudyardkipling0000lyce
| url-access = registration
| publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson
| year = 1999
| pages = [https://archive.org/details/rudyardkipling0000lyce/page/165 165]
| isbn = 0-297-81907-0}}</ref>
It was a series of pamphlets intended to catch the interest of railway passengers, and offer cheap "throwaway" reading material.

The series began as a result of an initiative by [[Rudyard Kipling]] as he sought to assemble funds to return to England from India in 1888: he approached the senior partner of A. H. Wheeler & Co., [[Émile Moreau (businessman)|Émile Moreau]],<ref>Anu Kumar, [https://qz.com/486051/the-mysterious-european-businessman-who-gave-india-its-iconic-railway-book-stalls/ The mysterious European businessman who gave India its iconic railway book stalls], Quartz India, 24 August 2015. Retrieved on 9 March 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.oldframlinghamian.com/gallery2/main.php?g2_view=core.DownloadItem&g2_itemId=12881 EMILE EDOUARD MOREAU CBE (1871-72)], The Society of Old Framlinghamians. Retrieved on 9 March 2017.</ref> with the proposal to publish his stories in cheap booklet form. The booklets were to have grey-green card covers, with illustrations by Rudyard's father [[John Lockwood Kipling]].

Six booklets were initially produced, which sold at the price of one rupee. They were all by Rudyard Kipling, and consisted mainly of reprints of stories that had already appeared in various of the periodicals for which he was already writing in India. They were all published in 1888. Twenty volumes followed, of which nineteen were by other authors; the last appears to have been published in 1894.

The following volumes were included:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.publishinghistory.com/indian-railway-library-a-h-wheeler.html|title=Indian Railway Library (A. H. Wheeler & Co.) - Book Series List|website=publishinghistory.com|access-date=13 July 2022}}</ref>

By Kipling:
*No. 1: ''[[Soldiers Three]]: a collection of stories setting forth certain passages in the lives and adventures of Privates Terence Mulvaney, Stanley Ortheris and John Learoyd done into type and edited by Rudyard Kipling.'', 97 pp.: "Reprinted in chief from the Week’s news"
*No. 2: ''[[The Story of the Gadsbys]]'', 100 pp: "Reprinted in chief from the Week’s news"
*No. 3: ''[[In Black and White (Kipling stories)|In Black and White]]'', 108 pp.: "Reprinted in chief from the Week’s news"
*No. 4: ''[[Under the Deodars]]'', 106 pp.: "Reprinted in chief from the Week’s news"
*No. 5: ''[[The Phantom 'Rickshaw and other Eerie Tales]]'', 114 pp
*No. 6: ''[[Wee Willie Winkie and Other Child Stories]]'', 104 pp.: "Reprinted in chief from the Week’s news"
*No. 14: ''[[The City of Dreadful Night and Other Places]]'' (1888)

Other authors:
*No. 7: ''The Colonel's Crime: A Story of To-day; and, Jim's Wife'' - Ivan O'Beirne. 1889.
*No. 8: ''The Heart of a Maid'' - Bernice Grange, pseud. [= Alice Kipling]. 1890.
*No. 9: ''Closer than a Brother'' - G. B. Stuart; [and] Two Broken Hearts. 1890.
*No. 10: ''The Subaltern, the Policeman and the Little Girl: An Anglo-Indian Sketch Written in English'' - Brownlow Fforde. 1890.
*No. 11: ''Doctor Victor: A Sketch'' - Ivan O'Beirne. 1891.
*No. 12: ''The Trotter: A Poona Mystery'' - Arthur Brownlow Fforde. 1890.
*No. 13: ''Whiffs: Anglo-Indian and Indian'' - Lunkah. 1891.
*No. 15: ''The Maid and the Idol: A Tangled Story of Poona'' - Arthur Brownlow Fforde. 1891.
*No. 16: ''Dr. Rollison's Dilemma'' - L. E. Tiddeman. 1892.
*No. 17: ''Major Craik's Craze'' - Ivan O'Beirne. 1892.
*No. 18: ''Felix Holt Secundus, and A Tosa Monogatari of Modern Times'' - [[James Murdoch (Scottish Orientalist)|James Murdoch]]. [189-?].
*No. 19: ''Cigarette Papers'' - S. Levett-Yeats [= Sidney Kilner Levett Yeats]. 1893.
*No. 20: ''The Wooing of Webster. Faustus Junior, Ph. D. The Bear Hunt on Fuji-san.'' - A. M.
*No. 21: ''The Widow Lamport'' - S. Levett-Yeats [= Sidney Kilner Levett Yeats]. 1893.
*No. 22: ''A Yoshiwara Episode: Fred Wilson's Fate'' - James Murdoch
*No. 23: ''A Romance of Bureaucracy'' - Alpha-Beta. 1893.
*No. 24: ''That Little Owl: A Tale of a Lunatic, a Loafer, and a Lover'' - Arthur Brownlow Fforde.
*No. 25: ''Bought to Bay'' - H. D. E. Forbes. 1894.
*No. 26: ''Mr. & Mrs. John Brown at Home'' - John Brown. 1893.

''The One-Eyed Forger, and Other Detective Stories'' by R. Reid, and ''Under the Rose'' by Ivan O'Beirne were announced but probably not published.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Rudyard Kipling}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Works by Rudyard Kipling]]
[[Category:Publishing companies of India]]
[[Category:Pamphlets]]
[[Category:Book series]]
[[Category:A. H. Wheeler books]]

Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani

2025-01-06T09:24:48Z

LarueVesely77: Made info

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| alt_name = Savitri
| image = Savitri - EK Prem Kahani.jpg
| caption =
| genre = [[Drama]]
| location =
| screenplay = Garima Goyal
| director = Ranjan Kumar Singh, Anil V. Kumar, Santosh Bhatt,Saagar Kagra
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_episodes = 163
| company = Flying Turtles
| network = [[Life OK]]
| producer = [[Shabbir Ahluwalia]] and [[Sakett Saawhney]]<ref name=production>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Shabbir-Ahluwalia-the-new-producer-of-Savitri/articleshow/17663276.cms Shabbir Ahluwalia the new producer of Savitri - The Times of India]</ref>
| first_aired = {{Start date|df=yes|2013|2|18}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=yes|2013|10|4}}
}}

'''''Savitri''''' is an Indian [[fantasy drama]] television show, which aired on [[Life OK]] from 18 February 2013<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Savitri-a-fantasy-mega-series-launched/articleshow/18555392.cms Savitri-a fantasy mega series launched - The Times of India]</ref> to 4 October 2013. The initial co-producers were [[Film Farm India]], but before the series went on air, the production was switched to Flying Turtles.<ref name="production" /> In August 2013, a cast revamp was carried out.<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Savitri-is-not-going-off-air-Saaket-Saawhney/articleshow/21774578.cms Savitri is not going off air: Saaket Saawhney | The Times of India]</ref> The show is a modern take on the traditional Indian folktale of [[Savitri and Satyavan]] from the ''[[Mahabharata]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2013-02-17|title=Life OK's Savitri: What is the show all about?|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/editors-pick/life-oks-savitri-what-is-the-show-all-about-191634/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=[[Bollywood Life]]|language=en}}</ref>

==Cast==
* [[Avneet Kaur]] as Child Rajkumari Damayanti<ref>[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/tv/news-interviews/Avneet-Kaur-in-Life-OKs-Savitri/articleshow/16968373.cms Avneet Kaur in Life OK's Savitri - The Times of India]</ref>
* [[Riddhi Dogra]] as Rajkumari Damayanti / Savitri Satyavan Rai Choudhary
* [[Krip Suri]] as Rahukaal
* [[Yash Pandit]] / Ashish Kapoor as Senapati Veer / Satyavan Rai Choudhary
* [[Sumana Das]] as Mishti:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiaforums.com/article/sumana-das-to-enter-life-oks-savitri_41368?ri=3&rv=9883|title=Sumana Das to enter Life OK's Savitri|date=2013-02-20|website= India Forums Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref>
* [[Salil Ankola]] as Maharaj<ref name="tellychakkar.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.tellychakkar.com/tv/tv-news/salil-ankola-and-sucheta-trivedi-essay-damayantis-parents-life-oks-savitri|title=Salil Ankola and Sucheta Trivedi to essay Damayanti's parents in Life OK's Savitri|date=2013-03-21|website= Tellychakkar Dot Com|language=en|access-date=2020-02-18}}</ref> Damayanti's father
* [[Suchita Trivedi]] as Maharani:<ref name="tellychakkar.com"/> Damayanti's mother
* [[Angad Hasija]] as Dev
* [[Reshmi Ghosh]] as Gulika
* Ahad Ali Aamir as Rajkumar Divateen
* [[Indrani Haldar]] as Leena Rai Choudhary / Vishghati
* [[Karan Suchak]] as Vikrant
* Utkarsha Naik as Damayanti's mother
* [[Vahbbiz Dorabjee]] as Vishkamini
* [[Amit Behl]] as Senapati
* Puneet Vashisht as Dhumketu

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:2013 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2014 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:Life OK original programming]]
[[Category:Indian drama television series]]
[[Category:Indian supernatural television series]]
[[Category:Indian fantasy television series]]
[[Category:Indian romance television series]]
[[Category:Television series based on the Mahabharata]]
[[Category:Savitri and Satyavan]]