https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=KvvillsweceBharatpedia - User contributions [en]2026-08-16T01:27:45ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.43.6https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Foxconn_in_India&diff=428200Foxconn in India2023-09-17T09:54:03Z<p>Kvvillswece: Page started.</p>
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[[Foxconn]], formally known as [[Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.]], is a multinational electronics contract manufacturer headquartered in [[Taiwan]]. In recent years, Foxconn has been diversifying its operations in [[India]], aiming to become a key player in the country's growing electronics and manufacturing sectors.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn may soon start making iPhone 15 Plus models in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/gadgets-news/foxconn-may-soon-start-making-iphone-15-plus-models-in-india/articleshow/103670641.cms |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><br />
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== Manufacturing Operations ==<br />
Foxconn has established a manufacturing facility in [[Tamil Nadu]], where it has initiated the production of iPhone 15 models. This move is part of Foxconn's broader strategy to make India a new global manufacturing hub, aligning with the Indian government's [[Make in India]] initiative.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn starts making iPhone 15 in Tamil Nadu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/foxconn-starts-making-iphone-15-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/102786101.cms?from=mdr |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=India to be new manufacturing centre: Foxconn chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-to-be-new-manufacturing-centre-foxconn-chief/articleshow/103447192.cms?from=mdr |publisher=Times of India}}</ref><br />
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== Investments ==<br />
Foxconn has made significant investments in India, including a commitment of Rs 4,100 crore for the establishment of two new factories. Additionally, the company has invested Rs 8,800 crore in a new [[IPhone]] manufacturing plant located in [[Karnataka]]. These investments are expected to create numerous jobs and contribute to the local economy.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple-supplier Foxconn to invest Rs 4,100 crore for two factories in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/applesupplier-foxconn-to-invest-rs-4-100-crore-for-two-factories-in-india-11690851224222.html |publisher=Livemint}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn to set up new Rs 8,800 crore iPhone manufacturing plant in Karnataka |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/foxconn-to-set-up-new-rs-8-800-crore-iphone-manufacturing-plant-in-karnataka-heres-what-we-know-so-far-11689592460385.html |publisher=Livemint}}</ref><br />
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== Partnerships and Collaborations ==<br />
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=== Semiconductor Manufacturing ===<br />
Foxconn has been exploring partnerships in the semiconductor sector. It is in advanced talks with [[Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing|Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co]] (TSMC) and Japan's TMH Group to establish semiconductor fabrication units in India. These collaborations come after Foxconn ended its joint venture with [[Vedanta Resources|Vedanta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn may partner with TSMC and TMH to set up fab units |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/foxconn-may-partner-with-tsmc-and-tmh-to-set-up-fab-units/articleshow/101737416.cms?from=mdr |publisher=Economic Times}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Foxconn pursues India incentive despite withdrawing from Vedanta venture |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/07/10/foxconn-pursues-india-incentive-despite-withdrawing-from-vedanta-venture/ |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref><br />
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=== Electric Vehicles ===<br />
Foxconn is also venturing into the [[Electric vehicle]] (EV) market in India. The company is considering setting up an EV manufacturing facility in [[Tamil Nadu]], which could potentially revolutionize the Indian automotive industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn planning to make EVs in India, Tamil Nadu on radar |url=https://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/foxconn-planning-to-make-evs-in-india-tamil-nadu-on-radar/103456196 |publisher=Economic Times Auto}}</ref><br />
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== Challenges and Controversies ==<br />
Foxconn's journey in India has not been without challenges. The company initially partnered with [[Vedanta Resources|Vedanta]] for semiconductor manufacturing but later withdrew from the venture due to undisclosed reasons. Foxconn is currently exploring new partnerships to continue its semiconductor initiatives in India.<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Foxconn finds a new partner to build chip plant in India after parting ways with Vedanta |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/foxconn-finds-a-new-partner-to-build-chip-plant-in-india-after-parting-ways-with-vedanta-report-397358-2023-09-07 |publisher=Business Today}}</ref><br />
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=== See Also ===<br />
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* [[Make in India]]<br />
* [[Semiconductor industry in India]]<br />
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=== References ===<br />
<references /><br />
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{{Uncategorized}}</div>Kvvillswecehttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avtar_Singh_Brahma&diff=431764Avtar Singh Brahma2023-09-02T16:15:30Z<p>Kvvillswece: Created page with '{{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = Jathedar | name = Avtar Singh Brahma | birth_date = {{birth year|1951}} | death_date = {{dda|1988|07|22|1951|||df=yes}} | birth_place = Village Brahmpura, Tarn Taran district, India | death_place = Rajasthan, India | image = File:Avtar Singh Brahma.jpg | image_size = | caption = Avtar Singh Brahma holding an AK47 |...'</p>
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<div>{{Infobox officeholder<br />
| honorific_prefix = Jathedar<br />
| name = Avtar Singh Brahma<br />
| birth_date = {{birth-date|1951}}<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|1988|07|22|1951|||df=yes}}<br />
| birth_place = Village Brahmpura, [[Tarn Taran district]], India<br />
| death_place = [[Rajasthan]], India<br />
| image = Photograph of Sikh militant, Avtar Singh Brahma.jpg<br />
| image_size = <br />
| caption = <br />
| office1 = 1st Jathedar of Tat Khalsa<br />
| predecessor1 = ''none'' (position founded)<br />
| successor1 = ''none'' (merged with Khalistan Liberation Force)<br />
| nickname = Brahma<br />
| allegiance = [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]<br />
| serviceyears = 1984 - 1988<br />
| rank = [[Jathedar]]<br>[[General]]<br />
| commands = <br />
| unit = <br />
| battles = [[Insurgency in Punjab]]<br />
* [[Operation Mand]]<br />
| laterwork = <br />
| office2 = 2nd Jathedar of [[Khalistan Liberation Force]]<br />
| predecessor2 = Bhai Aroor Singh<br />
| successor2 = [[Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala]]<br />
| honorific_suffix = Ji<br />
}}<br />
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'''Avtar Singh Brahma''' (1951–22 July 1988), also known as "'''Jathedar''' '''Avtar Singh Ji Brahma'''" was one of the main founding figures and the second leader of the [[Kharku]] militant organization known as [[Khalistan Liberation Force]] founded in 1986.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-21 |title=Details of Militant Leader Avtar Singh Brahma |url=https://www.khalistanextremismmonitor.org/individual-profile/Avtar-Singh-Bramha |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Khalistan Extremism Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-23 |title=Sikh Kharkus leaders of the 20th Century |url=https://www.sikh24.com/2013/10/23/10-shaheeds-of-the-1980s/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Sikh24.com |language=en-US}}</ref> He became known as a [[Robin Hood]] figure.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saGFAAAAMAAJ |title=Violence as Political Discourse |date=2002 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=978-81-7986-006-9 |pages=205 |language=en}}</ref> Avtar Singh has been reputed for never attacking civilians.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Birinder Pal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=saGFAAAAMAAJ |title=Violence as Political Discourse |date=2002 |publisher=Indian Institute of Advanced Study |isbn=978-81-7986-006-9 |pages=205 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Early life ==<br />
Not much is known about Avtar Singh's early life. What is known is that he was born in 1951 in Brahampur near [[Tarn Taran Sahib]]. His family was an agricultural one and were very poor. He left school at an early age to work at his family farm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Personal and criminal records of Avtar Singh Brahma {{!}} KEM |url=https://www.khalistanextremismmonitor.org/individual-profile/Avtar-Singh-Bramha |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=Khalistan Extremism Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNAxAQAAIAAJ |title=Link: Indian Newsmagazine |date=1987 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref> Avtar Singh at a young age was sent by his parents to [[Bidhi Chand]] Dal. He was brought up in the [[Dera (organization)|dera]] at Sur Singh near [[Amritsar district|Amritsar]]. He soon took [[Khalsa|amrit]] and became a [[Khalsa]].<ref name=":32"/> There he also became a [[Nihang]] Singh who are generally the warriors of the Sikh community.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Pashaura |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7YwNAwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PA379 |title=The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies |last2=Fenech |first2=Louis E. |date=2014-03-27 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-100411-7 |pages=379 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Tat Khalsa ==<br />
{{Main articles|Battle of Manakpur|Operation Mand}}<br />
Following Operation Blue Star an [[Insurgency in Punjab, India|Insurgency]] began in the [[Punjab]]. Avtar Singh created a small militant gang known as the “[[Tat Khalsa]]”.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chima |first=Jugdep S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxpBDwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma+tat+khalsa&pg=PT153 |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements |date=2010-03-11 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-5150-953-0 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Avtar Singh would take revenge in his home village for the beating of women and children.<ref name=":1" /><br />
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In 1985 Avtar Singh attacked SHO (Station House Officer) Harinder Singh who managed to survive, but was injured.<ref name=":32"/><br />
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One of Avtar Singh's first exploits was attacking [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]], [[Border Security Force|BSF]], and [[Indian Army|Indian army]] convoys. Brahma would lead regular attacks on security personnel convoys.<ref name=":24">ਖਾੜਕੂ ਯੋਧੇ in Punjabi by Maninder Singh Baja</ref><br />
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In Baler Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow militants surrounded a CRPF jeep. CRPF men tried to flee and fight, but were killed. In retaliation for this security personnel shot and killed 2 Sikhs who they claimed were militants. Avtar Singh Brahma refuted these claims saying they were innocent Sikhs of the village.<ref name=":24"/><ref name=":32"/><br />
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Soon after Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow militants were attacked by a force of 20,000 CRPF members in [[Manakpur]]. A fierce battle ensued. The militants fought throughout the day and managed to hold off the CRPF. Avtar Singh and fellow militants broke through the CRPF's lines and escaped at night. Many of the militants had died.<ref name=":24"/> Over 3 CRPF vehicles were blown up and Avtar Singh lost part of his finger.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shaheed Bhai Balwinder Singh DC – 1984 Tribute |url=https://www.1984tribute.com/shaheed-bhai-balwinder-singh-dc/ |access-date=2023-05-01 |website=www.1984tribute.com}}</ref><br />
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In 1986 Avtar Singh killed the [[Assistant sub-inspector of police|Thanderar]] (Assistant Sub-Inspector) of [[Chohla Sahib|Chola Sahib]], Shiv Singh. Shiv Singh was unpopular as he used excessive force and had no respect for the locals. The locals were supporters of Avtar Singh Brahma instead. Avtar Singh had created a major plot to kill Shiv Singh. He had fellow militants tell Shiv Singh his location and led Shiv Singh to believe that he was weak and could be easily captured. Shiv Singh fell for the act and went with fellow officers to arrest Avtar Singh. Avtar Singh knew of their movements and attacked them. Shiv Singh and two other officers were killed and 4 others were injured.<ref name=":32"/><ref name=":24"/><br />
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Avtar Singh next attacked a CRPF patrol party at [[Bhikhiwind]] killing 1 Sub-Inspector and two [[Private (rank)|jawans]].<ref name=":32" /><br />
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Avtar Singh's legendary status continued to grow. He centred his operation in the Mand region (The Mand region is the riverbank land along the [[Beas River|Beas]])<ref name="indiatoday.in" /> and was the [[de facto]] ruler.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhillon |first=Kirpal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PU6CwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PT248 |title=Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993 |date=2006-12-22 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-85890-38-3 |language=en}}</ref> Avtar Singh was known as the "King of Mand". In July 1986 Operation Mand was launched to capture Avtar Singh and his fellow militants. The Operation was led by [[Kanwar Pal Singh Gill|KPS Gill]] and was approved by DGP [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio Riberio]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ribeiro |first=Julio |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MxXlAAAAMAAJ |title=Bullet for Bullet: My Life as a Police Officer |date=1998 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-87871-0 |pages=283 |language=en}}</ref> About 30 [[Company (military unit)|companies]] of security forces along with multiple helicopters, bulldozers, and mechanised boats were deployed and used for the Operation which was conducted in a over 240 square kilometre area.<ref name="indiatoday.in" /> <ref>{{Cite book |last1=Vas |first1=Lt Gen EA |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=38k1EAAAQBAJ&dq=1987+avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PA125 |title=Indian Defence Review July-Dec 1987 (Vol 2.2) |last2=Kathpalia |first2=Lt Gen PN |last3=Bakshi |first3=G. D. |last4=Kanwal |first4=Gurmeet |last5=Rockall |first5=George |last6=Kaushik |first6=Brig OP |last7=Saksena |first7=Col KP |last8=Tiwathia |first8=Maj Vijay |last9=Joshi |first9=Dr Manoj |date=1987-07-01 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=978-81-7062-029-7 |language=en}}</ref> The Operation did not go as expected for the Indian forces. 1000s of Police and Paramilitary forces surrounded the Mand region. According to Avtar Singh, he and fellow Tat Khalsa members clashed with and repulsed an attacking force of officers and paramilitary, with the attacking force suffering high casualties. Avtar Singh also shot down a Paramilitary helicopter. The other helicopters fell back after this.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1hDAAAAYAAJ |title=India Today |date=1986 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=35 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oC0KAQAAIAAJ |title=India Today Volume 11, Issues 13-24 |date=1986 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=23 |language=en}}</ref> After Avtar Singh and fellow Tat Khalsa members managed to escape.<ref name="indiatoday.in">{{Cite web |title=Sikh terrorists gun down bus-load of passengers in Punjab, Delhi mobs react against Sikhs |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19860815-sikh-terrorists-gun-down-bus-load-of-passengers-in-punjab-delhi-mobs-react-against-sikhs-801146-1986-08-14 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> The operation faced heavy criticism for being "overkill". The operation lasted for 40 hours. It was initially described as the destruction of the Khalistan capital, but police had only captured a few weapons. Revenue Minister Major Singh Uboke called Operation Mand "Operation Fraud". He said at a cabinet meeting, that innocent Sikh youth and women were being harassed and tortured by the security forces.<ref name="indiatoday.in"/> Major Singh Uboke later said, “I think I made a mistake by calling it just Operation Fraud. I should actually have called it operation pak-hand (charade). They took hundreds of troops, helicopters, guns and boats. But what happened? They did not even succeed in wetting an extremist's beard. A lot of the Mand area falls under my constituency, and if I do not know what a fraud the whole thing was, and do not speak out, who would?”<ref>{{Cite web |title=I have nothing to do with extremists: Major Singh Uboke |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/investigation/story/19860930-i-have-nothing-to-do-with-extremists-major-singh-uboke-801287-1986-09-29 |access-date=2023-06-06 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== Khalistan Liberation Force ==<br />
In late 1986 Aroor Singh formed the [[Khalistan Liberation Force]] which was a merger of the Tat Khalsa, Mai Bhago Regiment, Khalistan Armed Police, Dasmesh Regiment, Khalistan Security Force and others.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Marwah |first=Ved |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4UiAQAAMAAJ |title=Uncivil Wars: Pathology of Terrorism in India |date=1997 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-251-1 |pages=211 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RA1uAAAAMAAJ |title=Asien |date=1988 |publisher=Deutsche Gesellschaft für Asienkunde |pages=45 |language=de}}</ref> In early 1987 Aroor Singh was arrested and brutally tortured by police.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdcCAAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma+aroor+singh&pg=PA144 |title=Game of Love |date=2008 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=978-0-9554587-1-2 |pages=144 |language=en}}</ref> He would later be killed. Following his death Avtar Singh took over the Khalistan Liberation Force.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dhillon |first=Kirpal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_PU6CwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma+khalistan+liberation+force&pg=PT248 |title=Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993 |date=2006-12-22 |publisher=Penguin UK |isbn=978-93-85890-38-3 |language=en}}</ref> Avtar Singh made [[Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala|Gurjant Singh]] and Pipal Singh his 2 [[Lieutenant general|Lieutenant-Generals]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marwah |first=Ved |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V4UiAQAAMAAJ |title=Uncivil Wars: Pathology of Terrorism in India |date=1997 |publisher=HarperCollins |isbn=978-81-7223-251-1 |pages=211 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On January 15, 1987, Avtar Singh’s planned assassination of [[Lieutenant colonel|Lieutenant Colonel]] Sant Singh Bhullar was conducted. Bhullar attacked a [[Gurdwara]] in [[Sri Muktsar Sahib]] as part of [[Operation Blue Star]]. 10 KLF members with sub machine guns and pistols had broken into Bhullar’s home and killed him in a burst fire. His sister-in-law was also killed. Three others were injured. They left behind a note from Avtar Singh Brahma claiming responsibility. The note blamed Bhullar for, “..the desecration of the Sikh historic temple at Mukstar”.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh extremists assassinated an army officer who took part... |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/01/15/Sikh-extremists-assassinated-an-army-officer-who-took-part/2318537685200/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref> <br />
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On 7 January, 1987, Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow militants challenged the CRPF to try to capture them for 20 minutes at [[Brahampur, Phagwara|Brahampura]]. The CRPF did not attempt to capture him and waited for reinforcements. Once reinforcements arrived around an hour later they smashed their way into homes and searched them in the village trying to find Avtar Singh. They were accused of committing atrocities in the search and faced heavy criticism from many leaders. Some were burning of [[Guru Granth Sahib]], shooting at Guru Granth Sahib, beating the elderly [[Sarpanch]], rape and molestation of girls. Avtar Singh Brahma vowed to get revenge and with Major Singh Johal would attack multiple CRPF headquarters, bases, convoys, and stations.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYsMAQAAMAAJ |title=India Today |date=1988 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Punjab's volatile political scenario turns worse with series of bloody developments |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870131-punjab-volatile-political-scenario-turns-worse-with-series-of-bloody-developments-798463-1987-01-30 |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lo8AAAAMAAJ |title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean |date=1987 |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |pages=252 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tNAxAQAAIAAJ |title=Link: Indian Newsmagazine |date=1987 |pages=24 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-09-27 |title=The Forum Gazette Vol. 2 No. 2 January 20-February 5, 1987 by Sikh Digital Library - Issuu |url=https://issuu.com/sikhdigitallibrary/docs/the_forum_gazette_vol._2_no._2_janu |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=issuu.com |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Punjab D.G.P. (Director General of Police) [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio F. Riberio]] would admit to an “excesses” by the CRPF.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7lo8AAAAMAAJ |title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean |date=1987 |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |pages=252 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Under Avtar Singh senior KLF members launched an attack in September 1987. The target was S.H.O. (Station house officer) [[Sub-inspector|Sub-Inspector]] Mith Singh. Mith Singh had been hand-picked by then chief of Punjab Police [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|Julio F. Riberio]]. He was picked to deal with Avtar Singh’s Lieutenant-General Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala. Mith Singh had been accused of police brutality and targeting Budhsinghwala’s family. Mith Singh had dragged Budhsinghwala’s father by his hair in a public humiliation.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdcCAAAQBAJ&dq=sho+mith+singh&pg=PA225 |title=Game of Love |date=2008 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=978-0-9554587-1-2 |pages=225 |language=en}}</ref> Budhsinghwala began plotting to kill Mith Singh in revenge for his actions with Husan Singh. The attack was carried out by Budshinghwala and fellow Sikh militants on 15 September 1987 at around 9 in the morning. Mith Singh was shot while he was walking along with his guard a police [[constable]]. Both of their guns were taken by Budhsinghwala. In the crossfire a schoolboy was also killed and 5 others were injured. The killing is said to have greatly alarmed Punjab Chief of Police Riberio. Mith Singh was one of his best and most loyal officers.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Police: Three Dead, Five Injured In Sikh Terrorist Attack |url=https://apnews.com/article/c817733f5156c7c0695da3dcfd69d7fa |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baja |first=Maninder Singh |title=ਅਮਰ ਸ਼ਹੀਦ ਭਾਈ ਗੁਰਜੰਟ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੁੱਧਸਿੰਘਵਾਲਾ |publisher=[[Damdami Taksal]] |year=2016 |isbn=978-93-85397-02-8 |edition=1st |pages=74 |language=Punjabi}}</ref><br />
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On November 1, 1987, Avtar Singh Brahma claimed responsibility for the killing of 2 [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF]] [[Private (rank)|jawans]] in an ambush the day before near [[Kabirpur, Kapurthala, Punjab|Kabirpur]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVw8AAAAMAAJ |title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean |date=1987 |publisher=Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses |pages=1761 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On November 6, 1987, Budhsinghwala, Avtar Singh’s Lt. General, killed D.S.P (Deputy Superintendent of Policr) Tara Chand.<ref name=":05">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdcCAAAQBAJ&dq=ssp+as+brar&pg=PA226 |title=Game of Love |date=2008 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=978-0-9554587-1-2 |pages=226 |language=en}}</ref> Chand was killed in the [[Jagraon|Jagraon area]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-06 |title=Commissioner of Police shares festivities with martyr DSP's family |url=http://www.uniindia.net/news/north/festival-jalandhar-martyr-bhullar/2235183.html |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606194230/http://www.uniindia.net/news/north/festival-jalandhar-martyr-bhullar/2235183.html |archive-date=2023-06-06 }}</ref><br />
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One of the major actions under Brahma was the killing of S.S.P (Senior Superintend of Police) [[Avinder Singh Brar]] and S.P. (Superintend of Police) K.R.S. Gill on 14 December, 1987<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdcCAAAQBAJ&dq=ssp+as+brar&pg=PA226 |title=Game of Love |date=2008 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=978-0-9554587-1-2 |pages=226 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jaruhar |first=Manjari |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dY96EAAAQBAJ&dq=ssp+as+brar+killed&pg=PT187 |title=Madam Sir: The Story of Bihar's First Lady IPS Officer |date=2022-07-25 |publisher=Penguin Random House India Private Limited |isbn=978-93-5492-677-8 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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S.S.P Brar and his junior, S.P K.R.S Gill, were both killed while jogging at Patiala's National Institute of Sports. Both of them had little security. Two men in tracksuits approached them at 7 a.m. They signaled to a third person who pulled out an [[AK-47]]. Brar was killed instantly by a bullet hitting his temple. Gill attempted to flee to a police jeep, but was injured with bullets in his head and back. He would die while fleeing. The three killers fled on a motorcycle.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrorists kill senior Punjab IPS officers Avinder Singh Brar and K.R.S. Gill |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880115-terrorists-kill-senior-punjab-ips-officers-avinder-singh-brar-and-krs-gill-796879-1988-01-14 |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><br />
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S.S.P A.S Brar’s killing was a major victory for Brahma and Budhsinghwala. Brar had been held as the best police officer. Brar had cleaned the [[Babbar Khalsa]] out of [[Patiala]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Terrorists kill senior Punjab IPS officers Avinder Singh Brar and K.R.S. Gill |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19880115-terrorists-kill-senior-punjab-ips-officers-avinder-singh-brar-and-krs-gill-796879-1988-01-14 |access-date=2023-04-30 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> According to Chief of Punjab Police at the time [[Julio Ribeiro (police officer)|J.F Ribeiro]] Brar would have become the chief of police had he not been killed.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Man who would have led Punjab Police one day |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/column/man-who-would-have-led-punjab-police-one-day-849607}}</ref><br />
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On January 22, 1988 [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]] Punjab Vice-Presidnet Khushi Ram Sharma was shot dead with 4 bullets in [[Ludhiana]] by 2 Sikh on scooters. Avtar’s Lieutenant General Budhsinghwala claimed responsibility in a letter on behalf of KLF.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2oFlAAAAIBAJ&dq=budhsinghwala&pg=PA1&article_id=257,1291204 |title=The Indian Express |publisher=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On the same day 6 KLF members armed with [[AK-47|AK-47s]] shot dead 12 people in a park in [[Barnala]]. 5 others were injured. One of them was a [[Shiv Sena]] worker. Avtar’s Lieutenant General Budhsinghwala claimed responsibility in a letter on behalf of KLF.<ref name=":04" /><br />
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In 1988 Avtar Singh Brahma and fellow militants attacked and destroyed CRPF bases in retaliation for CRPF actions at Brahampur.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TYsMAQAAMAAJ |title=India Today |date=1988 |publisher=Living Media India Pvt. Limited |pages=26 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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In April 1988 KLF led an attack on [[Gurcharan Singh Tohra]] and Professor Darshan Singh. Tohra was president of [[Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee|SGPC]] and Darshan was the SGPC appointed Jathedar of [[Akal Takht]].<ref name="Tribune_scorch">{{cite news |last1=Sandhu |first1=Kanwar |date=1 June 2014 |title=Punjab was scorched 30 summers ago, the burn still hurts |work=Complications |publisher=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140601/pers.htm#3 |access-date=14 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sikh Separatist Insurgency">{{cite book |last1=Chima |first1=Jusdep Singh |title=The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India |date=2010 |publisher=SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd |isbn=9788132103028 |location=New Delhi |page=141}}</ref> The attack was led by Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala, one of Avtar Singh’s lieutenant-generals.<ref name=":0" /> At a SGPC meeting at Ludhiana University KLF members under Budhsinghwala snuck their way in using fake ids. They attacked and fought Tohra and Darshan’s security. 5 police officers and 8 members of Tohra and Darshan’s party were killed. No KLF member was killed but Tohra and Darshan managed to escape unhurt.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT: Pakistan sabotaged Khalistan movement: Manjinder Issi |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1999/mar/12punjab.htm |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjpWAAAAYAAJ |title=Link |date=1990 |publisher=United India Periodicals. |pages=16 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0UnAAAAMAAJ |title=Asian Bulletin |date=1990 |publisher=APACL Publications |pages=52 |language=en}}</ref> A motive for attacks on Tohra could be the belief of militants that Tohra was involved in [[Operation Blue Star]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sikh leader wounded, two killed in militant ambush |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1990/05/14/Sikh-leader-wounded-two-killed-in-militant-ambush/4418642657600/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref><br />
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On 19 June of 1988 under Avtar Singh, reign as head of KLF a senior KLF leader with other members gunned down the head of the Punjab [[Shiv Sena]], Ramkat Jalota. He was killed along with his gunmen and another.<ref>{{Cite web |last=WSN |title=Fourteen Killed In Bomb Attack In Kurukshetra |url=https://sikhheritageeducation.com/fourteen-killed-in-bomb-attack-in-kurukshetra/ |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=SIKH HERITAGE EDUCATION |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} India: Information for 1988 and since 1992 on the Shiv Sena in Punjab, especially on its current status, its activities, whether its members are harassed and arrested by Sikh police officers; and on whether its members are involved in incidences of violence against Sikhs |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad844.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZcdAQAAMAAJ |title=The Illustrated Weekly of India |date=1989 |publisher=Times of India |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref>The Shiv Sena had used violence against Sikhs which made them targets of Sikh militants.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Refugees |first=United Nations High Commissioner for |title=Refworld {{!}} India: Information pertaining to a Hindu organization Shiv Sena operating in the Punjab (was it banned? when? why? treatment of its members by militant Sikhs and government authorities) |url=https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6abb44.html |access-date=2023-05-18 |website=Refworld |language=en}}</ref><br />
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Avtar Singh has been reputed for never attacking civilians.<ref name=":1" /><br />
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== Death and aftermath ==<br />
Avtar Singh Brahma was killed on July 22, 1988. He was killed in an encounter near the [[Pakistan]] border. One source has described his death as happening in, "mysterious circumstances..."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pettigrew |first=Joyce |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VBuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerilla Violence |date=1995-04-27 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-85649-355-0 |pages=83 |language=en}}</ref> Another says that before Avtar Singh's death he, "scamper[ed] through the verdant fields of Punjab's border district on horseback."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Crenshaw |first=Martha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9nFyZaZGthgC&dq=avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PA397 |title=Terrorism in Context |date=2010-11-01 |publisher=Penn State Press |isbn=978-0-271-04442-2 |pages=397 |language=en}}</ref> His death caused outrage among rural Sikh as he was quite popular amongst them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaur |first=Mallika |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DC_KDwAAQBAJ&dq=avtar+singh+brahma&pg=PA222 |title=Faith, Gender, and Activism in the Punjab Conflict: The Wheat Fields Still Whisper |date=2020-01-14 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-24674-7 |pages=222 |language=en}}</ref> Avtar Singh had become known as a Robin Hood figure. He is said to have commanded respect until the end.<ref name=":1" /> Avtar Singh was succeeded by [[Gurjant Singh Budhsinghwala]]<ref name="independent.co.uk2">{{cite news |date=1992-08-29 |title=Death report exaggerated |work=The Independent |location=London |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/death-report-exaggerated-1543102.html |access-date=2010-05-07}}</ref> one of Avtar Singh's lieutenant generals.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Harjinder |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QJdcCAAAQBAJ&dq=sho+mith+singh&pg=PA225 |title=Game of Love |date=2008 |publisher=Akaal Publishers |isbn=978-0-9554587-1-2 |pages=225 |language=en}}</ref><br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Khalistan movement people]]<br />
[[Category:Insurgency in Punjab]]<br />
[[Category:1951 births]]<br />
[[Category:1988 deaths]]<br />
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2 languages</div>Kvvillswecehttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khem_Singh_Gill&diff=431859Khem Singh Gill2023-04-28T04:07:47Z<p>Kvvillswece: A new article on Khem Singh Gill, Padma Bhushan award winner</p>
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<div>{{short description|Indian geneticist (1930–2019)}}<br />
{{Use dmy dates}}<br />
{{Use Indian English}}<br />
{{Infobox person<br />
| name = Khem Singh Gill<br />
| image =Dr. Khem Singh Gill.png<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|09|01}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Kaleke]], [[Moga District]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], India<br />
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|2019|09|17|1930|09|01}}<br />
| death_place = <br />
| occupation = [[Geneticist]]<br>Plant breeder<br>Academic<br />
| yearsactive = Since 1951<br />
| spouse = Surjit Kaur Gill<br />
| children = 3<br />
| known for = Genetics<br>Plant breeding<br />
| awards = [[Padma Bhushan]]<br>[[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]]<br>[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Team Research Award<br>FICCI Award<br>[[Indian Council of Agricultural Research|ICAR]] Golden Jubilee Award<br>ISOR Silver Jubilee Award<br />
}}<br />
'''Khem Singh Gill''' (1 September 1930 – 17 September 2019)<ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/mobi/news/punjab/former-pau-vice-chancellor-khem-singh-gill-passes-away-at-89/833951.html Former PAU vice chancellor Khem Singh Gill passes away at 89]</ref> was an Indian academic, [[geneticist]], [[plant breeder]] and Vice-Chancellor of the [[Punjab Agricultural University]].<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill">{{cite web | url=https://naujawani.com/ranjit-singh-kuki-gill | title=Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill | publisher=Nau Jawani | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> He was known for his contributions to the Green Revolution in India. Instrumental for breeding new strains of wheat, linseed, and sesame, he was the author of the book ''Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab''<ref name="Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab">{{cite book | title=Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab | publisher=Punjab Agricultural University | author=Khem Singh Gill | year=1979 | pages=128 | asin=B0007B06LU}}</ref> along with several additional articles on the subject.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbNQiG37DXsC&pg=PA76 | title=Wheat, barley, and triticale cultivars: A list of publications | publisher=CIMMYT | year=1997 | pages=76– | isbn=978-970-648-055-2}}</ref> He was also the vice-president of The Kalgidhar Trust<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.barusahib.org|title=Home|date=2013-11-13|newspaper=The Kalgidhar Society, Baru Sahib|access-date=2017-01-12}}</ref> and The Kalgidhar Society, [[Baru Sahib]], which is one of the largest [[Sikh]] charities. ''A'' Sant Teja Singh Chair Professor in Sikhism of the Eternal Global University<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism">{{cite web | url=http://eternalglobaluniversity.education/2016/03/23/sannt-teja-singh-chaired-professorships-awarded-to-dr-khem-singh-gill/ | title=Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism | publisher=Eternal Global University | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> and a founding fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]],<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991">{{cite web | url=http://naasindia.org/fdetail.html#G014 | title=Fellow, Elected 1991 | publisher=National Academy of Agricultural Sciences | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> he was a recipient of Rafi Ahmad Kidwai Memorial Prize, Team Research Award of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR), FICCI Award, ICAR Golden Jubilee Award and Silver Jubilee Award of the Indian Society of Oilseeds Research.<ref name="Indian Fellow">{{cite book | url=http://www.insaindia.org.in/detail.php?id=N81-0283 | title=Indian Fellow | publisher=Indian National Science Academy }}</ref> In 1992, the Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] for his contributions to science.<ref name="Padma Awards">{{cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |title=Padma Awards |publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India |date=2016 |access-date=3 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015193758/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/LST-PDAWD-2013.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2015 }}</ref><br />
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== Biography ==<br />
Born 1 September 1930 at [[Kaleke]], a small village in the [[Punjab State]] of [[India]] (presently in [[Moga District]]), Khem Singh Gill graduated in Agricultural Science (BSc) from [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]] in 1949 and secured his master's degree (MSc) from [[Punjab University, Chandigarh, India|Punjab University]] in 1951.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> He started his career as a research assistant at the Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab and later moved to [[Punjab Agricultural University]] (PAU) as Assistant Oilseed Breeder before taking a break from work to pursue his doctoral studies at the [[University of California, Riverside|University of California]] in 1963.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> After obtaining his PhD in genetics from the university in 1966, he returned to India and joined [[Punjab Agricultural University]] as a professor and the head of the Department of Genetics (1966-1968). Dr. Gill later became a professor and the head of the Department of Plant Breeding (1968–79), Dean of the College of Agriculture (1979–83), Director of Research (1983–87), and Director of Extension Education (1987–89). He eventually earned the post of Vice Chancellor of PAU in 1990.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /><br />
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Dr. Gill Served as Vice Chancellor until 1993. During his tenure at the university, he contributed to the development of the Department of Plant Breeding into a Center of Excellence.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> His contributions were also reported in the introduction of research programs the [[Hisar (city)|Hisar]] and [[Ludhiana]] campuses of the institution. He headed the Wheat Improvement Program of the state government.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> On the research front, his work assisted in the development of improved [[cultivars]] of [[linseed]], [[sesame]], and [[wheat]] and in the genetic improvement of [[pearl millet]], [[barley]] and [[triticale]]. His researches were documented by way of over 475 scientific papers and articles<ref name="Gill, Khem Singh on WorldCat">{{cite web | url=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n86871804/ | title=Gill, Khem Singh on WorldCat | publisher=WorldCat | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> and many books,<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> including ''Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report''<ref name="Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report">{{cite book | title=Development of triticales for stability of yield and improved quality of grains: Final technical report | publisher=Punjab Agricultural University | author=Khem Singh Gill | year=1985 | asin=B0007BGED4}}</ref> and ''Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab''.<ref name="Research on wheat and triticale in the Punjab" /> He also guided 17 doctoral and 8 master's students in their researches.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /><br />
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While serving as the head of the Department of Plant Breeding at PAU, Dr. Gill founded the Crop Improvement Society of India in 1974.<ref name="Crop Improvement Society of India">{{cite web | url=http://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=publisher&type=138 | title=Crop Improvement Society of India | publisher=Indian Journals.com | date=2016 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> He served as its president until 1979, while remaining a loyal patron ever since. He was associated with the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]] as a member of its program committee and board of trustees (1988–93).<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> He was the evaluator of two UNDP programs: sorghum and millets improvement program of [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT) in Hyderabad (1981) and rice program of the [[International Rice Research Institute]] (IRRI) in the Philippines (1983). Dr. Gill served as the Senior Vice President of the International Triticale Association from 1988 to 1994.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He was a council member of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] from 1983 to 1985. He was the founding board member of the [http://barusahib.org/ Kalgidhar Trust], [[Baru Sahib]],{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} an international non-profit charitable organization along with Baba Iqbal Singh who was the President of the board. He was associated with Baba Iqbal Singh since early college days and they both found their mentor in Sant Teja Singh,{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} (MA LLB AM Harvard). Since 1994, Dr. Gill served as chairman of 129 [http://akalacademy.in/ Akal Academies] under The Kalgidhar Trust/Society in the rural areas of Northern India.<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism " /><br />
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== Scientific contributions ==<br />
Dr. Khem Singh Gill worked with Nobel Peace Laureate [[Norman Borlaug]] in the 1960s to develop new varieties of wheat. Under his leadership, the Department of Plant Breeding received recognition at the international level. His main focus area, however, remained the wheat improvement program. Dr. Gill carried out excellent work in the development and identification of improved varieties of wheat, which revolutionized wheat production in Punjab and several other parts of India and Pakistan. He was one of the main contributors to the [[Green Revolution in India]], which made India a self-reliant country with an added capacity to export grains to other countries. Dr. Gill has over 300 research publications and has authored many books in the area of his expertise (K. S. Gill, personal communication, 22 November 2016).<br />
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== Awards and honors ==<br />
Dr. Khem Singh Gill was a founder fellow of [[The World Academy of Sciences]] (1974), as well as an elected fellow of the [[Indian National Science Academy]] (1981) and the [[National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]] (1991).<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He was also a fellow of the Indian Society of Agricultural Sciences, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Genetic Association of India and the Crop Improvement Society of India.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The Indian Council made him a National Professor of Eminence in 1980 and the Eternal Global University conferred the ''Sant Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism'' on him in 2016.<ref name="Sannt Teja Singh Chair Professorship in Sikhism " /><br />
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Dr. Gill received the [[Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award]] of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]] (ICAR) in 1976 and a cash prize from Punjab Agricultural University in 1978.<ref name="Fellow, Elected 1991" /> ICAR honored him again in 1981 with the Team Research Award and he was awarded the FICCI Award in 1985.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> He received three appreciations from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington in 1981, 1987 and 1991 and two Wheat Research Medals from the [[International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center]] in 1973 and 1993.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> The Government of India awarded him the civilian honor of the [[Padma Bhushan]] in 1992,<ref name="Padma Awards" /> the same year as he received the Golden Jubilee Award of the [[Indian Council of Agricultural Research]]. He was also a recipient of the Silver Jubilee Award of the Indian Society of Oilseed Research in 1993.<ref name="Indian Fellow" /> In 2015, Dr. Gill was conferred Doctor of Science (honoris causa) by Punjab Agricultural University in [[Ludhiana]] in [[Punjab, India]].<br />
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== Controversy ==<br />
Dr. Khem Singh Gill was involved in a controversy in 1985 when his son, Ranjit Singh Gill, was indicted in the assassination of [[Lalit Maken]] and his wife, Geetanjali.<ref name="Sukhbir holds closed-door meet with Ranjit Singh Kuki, in Ludhiana">{{cite web | url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/sukhbir-holds-closed-door-meet-with-ranjit-singh-kuki/story-tvMQtIVR10XHTfucB3TRyK.html | title=Sukhbir holds closed-door meet with Ranjit Singh Kuki, in Ludhiana | newspaper=Hindustan Times | date=8 October 2015 | access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> Controversy surrounded Maken's alleged involvement in the massacres of Sikhs during the [[1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 anti-Sikh genocide]] in New Delhi. Ranjit was convicted, despite his father's efforts,<ref name="Tatla2005">{{cite book|author=Darsham Singh Tatla|title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search For Statehood|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Amq_oOeDZNUC&pg=PA237|date=8 August 2005|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-36744-2|pages=237–}}</ref> and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2003.<ref name="Gill Gets Life for Maken's Murder ">{{cite web | url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/news_022403a.html | title=Gill Gets Life for Maken's Murder | work=The Sikh Times| date=24 February 2003 | access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> His sentence was later commuted.<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill" /> Ranjit Singh Gill, after the release from incarceration, is involved in community and social development activities.<ref name="Ranjit Singh 'Kuki' Gill" /><br />
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== See also ==<br />
* [[Khalsa College, Amritsar]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist|30em}}<br />
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== External links ==<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quU7AnV--WM | title=Interview with Dr. Khem Singh Gill | publisher=The Harpreet Singh Show | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=7 June 2013 | access-date=20 May 2016}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NweASBk99o | title=Dr. Khem Singh Gill's speech - Part 1 | publisher=Apsumal61 | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=23 May 2009 | access-date=20 May 2016}}<br />
* {{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KQaCJl8KClE | title=Dr. Khem Singh Gill's speech - Part 2 | publisher=Apsumal61 | work=[[YouTube]] video | date=23 May 2009 | access-date=20 May 2016}}<br />
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{{Authority control}}<br />
{{PadmaBhushanAwardRecipients 1990–99}}<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Gill, Khem Singh}}<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering]]<br />
[[Category:1930 births]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists from Punjab, India]]<br />
[[Category:University of the Punjab alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Academic staff of Punjab Agricultural University]]<br />
[[Category:University of California alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]<br />
[[Category:Indian geneticists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian agriculturalists]]<br />
[[Category:Indian botanical writers]]<br />
[[Category:Plant breeding]]<br />
[[Category:Heads of universities and colleges in India]]<br />
[[Category:TWAS fellows]]<br />
[[Category:2019 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:20th-century Indian biologists]]<br />
[[Category:People from Moga district]]</div>Kvvillswecehttps://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=News_18_Kerala&diff=388272News 18 Kerala2022-08-13T10:06:54Z<p>Kvvillswece: Page started.</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT[[News18 Kerala]]</div>Kvvillswece