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Priyanka Deshpande

2026-05-07T22:32:17Z

Kristie5701: Added The Page More To Come

{{short description|Indian television presenter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2021}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Priyanka Deshpande
| image = Priyanka Deshpande.jpg
| caption = Priyanka in 2012
| birth_name = Priyanka Deshpande
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1981|04|28|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bengaluru]], [[Karnataka]], India
| education = [[Ethiraj College for Women]]
| occupation = [[Television presenter]]
| years_active = 2000–present
| spouse = {{Marriage|Praveen Kumar|2016|2022|reason=divorce}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tamil.asianetnews.com/gallery/gallery/anchor-priyanka-deshpande-divorced-her-husband-and-mother-emotional-speech-mma-s7imix#image1|title=Priyanka Deshpande: கணவரை பிரிந்தார் பிரியங்கா! விரைவில் இரண்டாவது திருமணம்? அவரின் அம்மாவே சொன்ன விஷயம்!|website=Asianet News Tamil}}</ref> 
{{Marriage|Vasi Sachi |2025}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/120352326.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst|title=Bigg Boss Tamil fame Priyanka Deshpande ties the knot with Vasi in an intimate ceremony|work=The Times of India |date=17 April 2025|via=The Economic Times - The Times of India}}</ref>
}}
'''Priyanka Deshpande''' (born 28 April 1981) is an Indian [[television presenter]] and [[actress]] who predominantly works in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] television and film industry. Priyanka is also one of the highest-paid [[South Indian]] television presenters.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande gets emotional as her show 'Start Music 2' goes off-air, watch|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/priyanka-deshpande-gets-emotional-as-her-show-start-music-2-goes-off-air-watch/articleshow/82272938.cms|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=28 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She is well known for hosting numerous television shows such as Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya, ''[[Super Singer Junior]]'', ''[[Super Singer (Tamil reality show)|Super Singer]]'', ''[[The Wall (Tamil game show)|The Wall]]'', ''Start Music'', ''OlliBelly'', ''Suriya Vanakkam'', ''Isai Unplugged'', ''Azhagiya Penne'', ''Glimpse'', ''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]]'', and ''Kings of Comedy Juniors''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande: A look at Tamil TV's highest-paid anchor's profile|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/bigg-boss-tamil-5-contestant-priyanka-deshpande-a-look-at-tamil-tvs-highest-paid-anchors-profile/articleshow/86675975.cms|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> She has also appeared in a few short films, such as ''Raani Aattam'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=MGMxWKPYiMtl87-Y&v=70mhYGr5FwA&feature=youtu.be |title=Raani Aatam - New Tamil Short Film 2015 |date=2015-05-09 |last=Tamil ShortCut |access-date=2025-04-16 |via=YouTube}}</ref> and ''Unnodu Vaazhnthaal Varamallava'' (2016).<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?si=rFiO57vdZM4m4ec9&v=BJoH9XVlrsE&feature=youtu.be |title=Tamil Short Film - Unnodu Vaazhnthaal Varam Allava - A Feel Gud Luv Story |date=2015-10-28 |last=Red Pix Short films |access-date=2025-04-16 |via=YouTube}}</ref> Priyanka has also worked as a television host on various [[India]]n television networks like [[Zee Tamil]], [[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]], [[Chutti TV]], [[Sun Music]], and [[Star Vijay]]. She is often referred to as ''Superstar of Television''.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Vijay TV Anchor Priyanka Deshpande's Transformation Leaves Her Fans Awestruck|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-tv-anchor-priyanka-deshpandes-transformation-leaves-her-fans-awestruck-4998121.html|access-date=2022-04-19|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Vijay TV Anchor Priyanka Refutes Reports That She is Acting in New Show|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-tv-anchor-priyanka-refutes-reports-that-she-is-acting-in-new-show-5018455.html|access-date=2022-04-22|website=www.news18.com|language=en}}</ref>

Her appearance as a television anchor in the singing reality show ''Super Singer'' earned her to bag the ''[[Ananda Vikatan Cinema Awards]]'' for the ''Best Female Anchor'' in 2016. She later also won the ''Best Female Anchor'' award in the [[Vijay Television Awards]] annual function in 2017. Priyanka also yet again won ''Best Lady Anchor'' for the third time in a row in the ''Galatta Nakshathra TV-Film Awards'' in 2018, winning the same nomination category for three years in a row. She also received the award ''Best Entertaining Star'' award by ''Blacksheep Digital Awards'' in 2021 after her success of her [[YouTube]] channel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB8S5-SqH_E|title=@BlackSheepTamil Digital Awards 2021|date=11 March 2021|via=YouTube}}</ref> In 2021, she joined the [[reality TV]] show ''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 5|Bigg Boss 5]]'' hosted by [[Kamal Haasan]] as a contestant and finished as the runner up.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande is the first runner up of Bigg Boss Tamil Season 5|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/raju-jeyamohan-bigg-boss-tamil-5-winner-vj-priyanka-deshpande-runner-up-of-kamal-haasan-show-latest-news-2022-01-17-754796|website=www.indiatvnews.com|date=17 January 2022}}</ref> She is the winner of ''[[Cooku with Comali season 5]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cooku With Comali season 5 Winner: Priyanka Deshpande lifts the trophy; takes home cash prize of Rs 5 lakh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/cooku-with-comali-season-5-grand-finale-priyanka-deshpande-lifts-the-trophy-wins-cash-reward-rs-5-lakh/articleshow/113807820.cms|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=30 September 2024}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Priyanka Deshpande was born on 28 April 1992, in [[Karnataka]]. Her parents moved from [[Maharashtra]] to [[Karnataka]] before she was born. She has a younger brother, Rohit Deshpande.{{cn|date=October 2024}} After Priyanka migrated to [[Chennai]], she did her secondary schooling at St. Anthony School and later graduated from [[Ethiraj College for Women]] with a college degree. Priyanka married her long-term boyfriend, Praveen Kumar, in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=நீயே இப்படி சொல்லலாமா பிரியங்கா: அவர் கதையை கேட்டு மற்ற போட்டியாளர்கள் ஷாக் |url=https://tamil.samayam.com/tv/bigg-boss-tamil/vijay-tv-priyanka-deshpande-reveals-her-life-story-in-bigg-boss-5-house/articleshow/86974999.cms|access-date=2021-11-01|website=tamil.samayam.com|language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka says she is married|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/Priyanka-says-she-is-married/articleshow/51089339.cms|access-date=2021-11-01|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=22 February 2016 |language=en}}</ref>

In 2022, Priyanka and Praveen Kumar filed for divorce. She married DJ Vasi Sachi on 16 April 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|title= Vijay TV Fame Priyanka Deshpande's Divorce Rumours Continue; All You Need to Know|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-tv-fame-priyanka-deshpandes-divorce-rumours-continue-all-you-need-to-know-5412169.html|access-date=2022-07-17|website=www.news18.com|date=21 June 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
In 2019, Priyanka started her own show on [[Star Vijay]] called ''Start Music'', which only featured her as the solo host after eight years. Priyanka also debuted as an actress in various different short films, like ''Raani Aattam'' directed by J. Dharmendra <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=70mhYGr5FwA|title=Raani Aatam - New Tamil Short Film 2015|date=9 May 2015|via=YouTube}}</ref> and ''Unnodu Vaazhnthaal Varamallava'', where she was paired up with film actor [[Vignesh Karthick]]. She also went on to appear in various different television commercials for [[amazon prime|Amazon Prime]] and Aachi Masala. Priyanka also appeared in the music video ''So Soku'' with Pugazh, which was also trending on social media.<ref>{{Cite web|title=One Episode Made Priyanka Trending|url=https://www.newsbricks.com/entertainment/bigg-boss-tamil-5-episode-4-day-3-priyanka/85743|access-date=2021-11-01|website=www.newsbricks.com|language=en}}</ref>

Priyanka also hosted the international reality show ''The Wall'' along with [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]].

In 2021, Priyanka joined the reality show ''Bigg Boss'' as a contestant, which is hosted by actor [[Kamal Haasan]], and finished as the first runner up.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/bigg-boss-tamil-season-5-grand-finale-highlights-raju-crowned-winner-priyanka-grabs-2nd-spot-1900755-2022-01-16|title=Bigg Boss Tamil Season 5 grand finale highlights: Raju crowned winner, Priyanka grabs 2nd spot|date=16 January 2022|website=India Today}}</ref>
Apart from hosting TV shows, Priyanka also has a YouTube channel where she entertains people in virtual coverage, with her channel currently boasting 1.38 million subscribers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/c/PriyankaDeshpandeYT/videos|access-date=2021-12-25|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>

===Bigg Boss===
After her participation on ''Bigg Boss'' and eventually emerging as the runner-up as well. She also participated as a guest on her formerly hosted show ''Start Music'', which was hosted by [[Ma Ka Pa Anand]] due to the absence of Priyanka during her time in ''Bigg Boss''. She also later made an appearance on the celebration and success show of ''Bigg Boss'' called ''Bigg Boss 5 Kondattam'', appearing as a guest.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande Back on Vijay TV as a Host For This Show|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-5-runner-up-priyanka-deshpande-back-on-vijay-tv-as-a-host-for-this-show-4708928.html|access-date=2022-01-30|website=www.news18.com|date=29 January 2022|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Raju Jeyamohan, Priyanka Deshpande Team Up For a Dance Act|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-raju-jeyamohan-priyanka-deshpande-team-up-for-a-dance-act-4712414.html|access-date=2022-01-30|website=www.news18.com|date=29 January 2022|language=en}}</ref>

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+Key
| style="background:#FFCC;"| {{dagger|alt=Films that has not yet released}}
| Denotes Priyanka soon making an appearance
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Name
!Role
!Network
!Language
!Notes
|-
|''[[Kalakka Povathu Yaaru]]''
|Judge
| rowspan="4" |[[Star Vijay]]
| rowspan="28" |[[Tamil Language|Tamil]]
|
|-
|''[[Super Singer Junior]]''
|Host
|
|-
|''[[Achcham Thavir]]''
|Contestant
|
|-
|''[[Jodi No.1 (TV series)|Jodi Number One]] Season 9''
|Host
|
|-
|''[[Smart Wheel]]'' || Guest || [[Astro Vinmeen HD]] || <ref>{{cite web | title=Star Vijay Priyanka & Actor Mano Bala's Throwback Battle in Smart Wheel | website=[[YouTube]] | date=29 April 2019 | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywcg9FsR-go }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Super Singer 6]]''
| rowspan="6" |Host
| rowspan="12" |[[Star Vijay]]
|
|-
|''[[Super Singer 7]]''
|
|-
|''[[Super Singer (Tamil reality show)|Super Singer 8]]''
|
|-
|''[[Super Singer 9]]''
|
|-
|''[[Start Music (TV show)|Start Music Season 1]]''
|
|-
|''[[Start Music (TV show)|Start Music Season 2]]''
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 3)]]''
|Guest
|-
|''[[The Wall (Tamil game show)]]''
| rowspan="2" |Host
|
|-
|''[[Comedy Raja Kalakkal Rani]]''
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 5)]]''
|Contestant
|1st runner up<ref>{{Cite web|title= Bigg Boss Tamil 5 Runner-Up Priyanka Deshpande Back on Vijay TV as a Host For This Show|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/bigg-boss-tamil-5-runner-up-priyanka-deshpande-back-on-vijay-tv-as-a-host-for-this-show-4708928.html|access-date=2022-07-17|website=News18|date=29 January 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''Bigg Boss 5 Kondattam''
|Guest
|Celebration show<ref>{{Cite web|title=Raju Jeyamohan, Priyanka Deshpande and other contestants to reunite for 'Bigg Boss Kondattam'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/raju-jeyamohan-priyanka-deshpande-and-other-contestants-to-reunite-for-bigg-boss-kondattam/articleshow/89338929.cms|access-date=2022-02-05|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=4 February 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Priyanka Deshpande Joins Her Bigg Boss Tamil Co-Contestants For Reunion in Hyderabad|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/priyanka-deshpande-joins-her-bigg-boss-tamil-co-contestants-for-reunion-in-hyderabad-4868642.html|access-date=2022-03-13|website=News18|date=12 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Super Singer Junior]]''
|Host
|Season 8, replaced by Myna Nandhini<ref>{{Cite web|title=Will Priyanka Exit Super Singer Season 8? Details Inside|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/will-priyanka-exit-super-singer-season-8-details-inside-4839371.html|access-date=2022-03-13|website=News18|date=5 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title= Promo Shows Priyanka Deshpande Back as Anchor of Super Singer 8|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/promo-shows-priyanka-deshpande-back-as-anchor-of-super-singer-8-4865498.html|access-date=2022-03-28|website=News18|date=11 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss Ultimate (season 1)]]''
|Guest
|[[Disney+ Hotstar]]
|Finale week
|-
|''[[Oo Solriya Oo Oohm Solriya]]''
|Host
| rowspan="10" |[[Star Vijay]]
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=MSN |url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/tv/bigg-boss-tamil-8-fame-riya-tharshika-and-dharsha-to-grace-oo-solriya-oo-oohm-solriya-season-3/ar-AA1A28Tj |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.msn.com}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil season 6)]]''
|Guest
|
|-
|''[[Super Singer 9]]''
|Host
|
|-
|''[[Start Music (season 4)|Start Music 4]]''
| Host
|
|-
|[[Super Singer Junior (season 9)|''Super Singer Junior 9'']]
|Host
|
|-
|[[Super Singer 10|''Super Singer Season 10'']]
|Host
|
|-
|''[[Cooku with Comali season 5]]''
|Contestant
|Winner
|-
|''[[Start Music season 5|Start Music 5]]''
| Host
|
|-
|''[[Bigg Boss (Tamil TV series) season 9|Bigg Boss (Tamil season 9)]]''
|Guest
|
|-
|''Happy Wife Happy Life''
|Host
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Priyanka Deshpande to host new game show 'Happy wife happy life’ set to launch soon|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/tamil/priyanka-deshpande-to-hosts-new-game-show-happy-wife-happy-life-set-to-launch-soon/articleshow/128883694.cms|access-date=2022-03-13|website=[[Times Of India]]|date=6 April 2026}}</ref>
|}

==Discography==
===Playback singer===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Film
! Song
! Co-singers
! class="unsortable" scope="col"|Notes
|-
|2019 || ''[[Devarattam]] '' || "Madura Palapalakkudhu" || [[Nivas K. Prasanna]], [[Vijay Sethupathi]], Niranjana Ramanan || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3we0chTPqtE|title=Devarattam | Madura Palapalakkuthu Video Song | Gautham Karthik | Muthaiya | Nivas K Prasanna|date=8 May 2019|via=YouTube}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{{Infobox actor awards
| name = Priyanka Deshpande
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Bhojan at the [[Zee Cine Awards]] 2020
| wins = 9
| nominations = 13
}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Show
!Role
|-
|2017
|[[Vijay Television Awards]]
|Best Anchor Female
|{{Won}}
|[[Airtel Super Singer]]
|Anchor
|-
| rowspan="3" |2021
|Blacksheep Digital Awards
| Entertaining Star Anchor |Best Entertaining Star<ref>{{Citation |title=Priyanka's Emotional Award Winning Moment {{!}} Pradeep Milroy Peter {{!}} Blacksheep Digital Awards 2021 | date=8 June 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abMHh0ZpZsk |access-date=2021-06-08 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|For her YouTube Channel
|Creator
|-
|6th Annual [[Vijay Television Awards]]
| Best Anchor Female |Best Anchor Female<ref>{{Citation |title=6th Annual Vijay Television Awards {{!}} 18th April 2021 - Promo 1 | date=9 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QIS5L23SCo |access-date=2021-11-02 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|[[Airtel Super Singer]]
|Anchor
|-
|Femina Super Daughter Award
|Best Actress<ref>{{Citation |title=143 Amma ❤️ Femina Super Daughter Award | date=19 April 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-zmjO07obg |access-date=2021-11-02 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|
|
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022
|[[Radio City (Indian radio station)|Radio City]] Women Entertainer Awards
|Television Category<ref>{{Citation |title=Priyanka Deshpande - Winner In Television Category {{!}} Women Entertainer Award 2022 {{!}} RadioCity | date=12 March 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zGqQ7UOhWk&list=TLPQMTUwMzIwMjIwthBNGJZOvw |access-date=2022-03-15 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|Start Music season 2
|Anchor
|-
|[[Vijay Television Awards|7th Annual Vijay Television Awards]]
|Best Anchor Female<ref>{{Citation |title=7th Annual Vijay Tele Awards |date=22 March 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/paavam-ganeshan-fame-naveen-muralidhar-in-7th-annual-vijay-tele-awards-watch-4898057.html |access-date=2022-04-03 |language=en}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|[[Airtel Super Singer]]
|Anchor
|-
|She Beauty Awards 2022
|Women of the decade - Television<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jCbF1hQE6q8 |title=Priyanka Deshpande கு ❤️ Anjana Mommy ஆ? 😍 Goosebumps Singing Performance {{!}} She Beauty Awards 2022 |date=2024-11-26 |last=She India |access-date=2025-04-16 |via=YouTube}}</ref>
|{{Won}}
|
|Anchor
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|10625546}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deshpande, Priyanka}}
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]
[[Category:Cooku with Comali contestants]]
[[Category:Ethiraj College for Women alumni]]
[[Category:Indian television presenters]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:Indian women television presenters]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Start Music|+]]
[[Category:Tamil television presenters]]

Museo Camera

2026-05-07T09:53:29Z

Kristie5701: made new details

{{Short description|Museum in Gurugram, India}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}

{{Infobox museum
| name = Museo Camera
| image = Museo Camera in Gurugram, Haryana.jpg
| map_type =
| established = {{Start date|2019|08|28|df=y}}
| location = [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]], [[India]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|28.46969|N|77.08042|E|display=title,inline}}
| type = [[Art museum]]
| website = {{URL|https://www.museocamera.org/}}
}}

The '''Museo Camera''' (also known as '''Museo Camera Centre for the Photographic Arts''') is a museum in [[Gurgaon|Gurugram]], [[Haryana]] dedicated to the art and history of [[photography]]. Inaugurated on 28 August 2019, the museum is a joint public-private venture between [[Gurgaon Municipal Corporation|Gurugram Municipal Corporation]] and [[India Photo Archive Foundation]]. It is conceived by noted historian, photographer, and activist, Aditya Arya. It is the largest non-profit public-funded centre for photographic arts in [[South Asia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-10 |title=Asia’s largest collection of cameras is now in Gurugram |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/museo-camera-asias-largest-collection-of-cameras-is-now-in-gurugram/ |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Condé Nast Traveller India |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2023-05-31 |title=Watch: Thousands of retro cameras are on view at the Museo Camera in Gurugram |url=https://scroll.in/video/1050060/watch-thousands-of-retro-cameras-are-on-view-at-the-museo-camera-in-gurugram |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

== History ==
The museum started in 2009 in a basement as a part of Arya's personal collections of equipment related to photography.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One of its kind Camera museum in Gurugram |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/my-kolkata/places/photography-enthusiest-aditya-arya-creates-museo-camera-museum-in-gurugram/cid/1858825 |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=www.telegraphindia.com}}</ref> In order to make the collection more accessible to the public, Arya collaborated with the Municipal Corporation of Gurugram in 2016. A museum spanning over 18,000 sq. ft. was inaugurated on 28 August 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Prakash |first=Uma |title=Museo Camera: How Aditya Arya created the world-class museum of photography |url=https://thepunchmagazine.com/arts/photography/museo-camera-how-aditya-arya-created-the-world-class-museum-of-photography |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=thepunchmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Collections ==
The museum collection has over 3000 objects which include cameras, lenses, lighting equipment, photographic ephemera, etc. that traces the history and progress of photography in the world and the [[Indian subcontinent]] in particular.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Thousands of retro cameras on display at this museum {{!}} Reuters Video |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/thousands-of-retro-cameras-on-display-at-idOV600930052023RP1 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.reuters.com |language=en}}</ref> There are over 2500 antique cameras from more than 100 countries across the world. Prominent artifacts include the world's tiniest camera, while the oldest one in the collection dates back to the 1870s. There are also flash equipment, photographic films, lenses of various types, light meters, and enlargers. The photo archives consist of photographs of socio-political, cultural, and historical interests.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-29 |title=Photos: Stroll through photography’s past at Gurugram’s Museo Camera |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/gurugram/photos-strolling-through-photography-s-past-at-gurugram-s-museo-camera/photo-uubU7W2RlQv4EKoAardEZI.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

Recognised by the Indian Government's [[Ministry of Culture (India)|Ministry of Culture]] as a National Collection, the [[Kulwant Roy]] Collection is housed in this museum. It features rare and iconic images of India's freedom fighters and national heroes. It has been widely exhibited around the world by the [[Government of India]] in collaboration with [[Indian Council for Cultural Relations|ICCR]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-08-28 |title=Aditya Arya’s massive photography museum in Gurugram |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/art/aditya-aryas-massive-photography-museum/article36134196.ece |access-date=2023-07-01 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The other miscellaneous range of exhibits on display includes notable advertisements from the world of photography, materials related to camera companies, film roll makers, historic records of patents, etc. One of the most famous exhibits is the ''Century Graphic (Turn of the Century)'' which Aditya Arya explains was used to take portrait pictures in 1900s in the studio.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 May 2023 |title='Mann Ki Baat': PM Modi urges people to visit museums, talks about Gurugram's Museo Camera which treasures over 8,000 cameras |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/mann-ki-baat-pm-modi-urges-people-to-visit-museums-talks-about-gurugrams-museo-camera-which-treasures-over-8000-cameras20230529045626/ |access-date=1 July 2023 |website=[[Asian News International]]}}</ref>

== Events and exhibitions ==
The museum regularly organises several events and exhibitions all throughout the year. Some of the important events it has conducted include a talk by Harsheen Jammu on ''The Essence of Colors'', a performance by the music band ''Chaar Yaar'' on account of India's platinum jubilee celebrations of Independence Day, Mahmood Farooqui's Dastangoi, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Events: Museo Camera |url=https://www.museocamera.org/events |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.museocamera.org}}</ref> Notable exhibitions include Partho Sen Gupta's ''Unpacked'', H.E. Emmanuel Lenin's ''An Exhibition of Cyanotype Prints'', Aparna Banerjee's ''Framing Flowers'' are significant examples.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exhibitions: Museo Camera |url=https://www.museocamera.org/exhibitions |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.museocamera.org}}</ref> Tarab Khan's painting exhibition ''At the Gates of Talbosh'', presented a way of escape from the real world into a new world of future possibilities.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-09 |title=A world of new possibilities in the Tarab Khan exhibition at Gurugram’s camera museum |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/arts/a-world-of-new-possibilities/article66474235.ece |access-date=2023-06-02 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Services ==
The museum provides a host of services including specially curated workshops, museum tours and special events for children, research scholars, amateurs, etc. The India Photo Archive Foundation (IPAF) and the Digital Asset Management (DAM) provide conservation, archiving, and digital preservation services. It also provides archival printing facilities to preserve old, and priceless photographs. It also has film development and scanning services.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-06 |title=A click-worthy, visual treat @ Museo Camera |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/sunday-herald/sh-top-stories/a-click-worthy-visual-treat-museo-camera-1077349.html |access-date=2023-07-01 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==See also ==

* [[History_of_Haryana#Museum|List of Museums in Haryana]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://www.museocamera.org/}}

[[Category:Museums in Haryana]]
[[Category:Photography museums and galleries in India]]
[[Category:2019 establishments in Haryana]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries established in 2019]]

Bhatar Assembly constituency

2026-05-04T10:15:03Z

Kristie5701: created article...

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bhatar
| type= SLA

| map_image = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=Vidhan Sabha constituencies/West Bengal/Bhatar.map}}

| map_caption = Interactive Map Outlining Bhatar Assembly Constituency
| map_alt =
| mla = Soumen Karfa
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| alliance =
| latest_election_year = [[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]

| state = [[West Bengal]]
| district = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Bardhaman–Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman–Durgapur]]

| constituency_no = 267
| established = 1957
| electors = 197,538
| reservation = None
| abolished =
}}

'''Bhatar Assembly constituency''' is an [[Vidhan Sabha|assembly]] constituency in [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[West Bengal]].

==Overview==
As per orders of the Delimitation Commission, No. 267 Bhatar assembly constituency covers [[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]] community development block and Kurman I and Kshetia gram panchayats of [[Burdwan I (community development block)|Burdwan I]] CD Block.<ref name=delimitation>{{cite web|url=http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |title=Delimitation Commission Order No. 18 |access-date=2010-08-21 |publisher=Government of West Bengal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100918130255/http://ceowestbengal.nic.in/news_pdf/gazette123.pdf |archive-date=2010-09-18 }}</ref>

Bhatar assembly segment was earlier part of [[Burdwan (Lok Sabha constituency)]]. As per orders of Delimitation Commission it is part of No. 39 [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref name =delimitation/>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[1957 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
|Abhalata Kundu
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1962 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1962]]
|Aswini Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1967 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|S. Hazra
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1969]]
|Aswini Roy
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
|[[1971 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|Anath Bandhu Ghose
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)}}
|-
|[[1972 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
|rowspan="2"|Bholanath Sen
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
|[[1977 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|-
|[[1982 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|rowspan="2"|Syed Md Mashi
|{{Full party name with color|Communist Party of India (Marxist)|rowspan=6}}
|-
|[[1987 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1987]]
|-
|[[1991 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
|[[Mahboob Zahedi]]
|-
|[[1996 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
|rowspan="2"|[[Subhash Mondal]]
|-
|[[2001 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
|-
|[[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
|Syed Md. Mashi
|-
|[[2011 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|[[Banamali Hazra]]
|{{Full party name with color|All India Trinamool Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
|[[Subhash Mondal]]
|-
|[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|[[Adhikari Mangobinda]]
|-
|[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|2026]]
|Karfa Soumen
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==
===2026===
{{Election box begin|title=[[2026 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]]: Bhatar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||candidate=Soumen Karfa|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes= {{formatnum:98820}}|percentage= 46.03 |change={{increase}}}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Shantanu Kowar|party=Trinamool Congress|votes={{formatnum:92292}}|percentage= 42.99 |change={{decrease}}}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Hasina Khatun|party=Left Front (West Bengal)|votes={{formatnum: 12839}}|percentage=5.98|change={{decrease}}}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Dhurjati Maji|party=Indian National Congress|votes={{formatnum: 1647}}|percentage=0.77|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Lakshmi Narayan Hemram|party=Bahujan Samaj Party|votes={{formatnum: 484}}|percentage=0.23|change=}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above (India)|None of the above]]|party=None of the above (India)|votes={{formatnum:3252}} |percentage=1.51|change={{increase}}}}
{{Election box majority||votes={{formatnum:}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes={{formatnum: 214694}}|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2021===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2021 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2021]]: Bhatar<ref name=vidhansabha2021>{{cite web | url = https://www.timesnownews.com/elections/bhatar-west-bengal-election-result-2021 | title = Bhatar Election Result 2021 | publisher = Times Now News.com |access-date =13 May 2021 }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate= Mangobinda Adhikari|votes=108,028|percentage=50.44|change=+16.73}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate= Mahendranath Kowar|votes=76,287|percentage=35.62|change=+489.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party= Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Nazrul Haque|votes=19,607|percentage= 9.15|change=-77.27}}
{{Election box candidate||party=Independent|candidate=Nazrul Islam|votes=1,868|percentage=0.87|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Sukul Soren|votes=1,575|percentage=0.74|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=Independent|candidate=Somnath Sain|votes=1,149|percentage=0.54|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=Independent|candidate=Ayan Ghosh|votes=828|percentage=0.39|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Lok Janshakti Party|candidate=Mainuddin Sah|votes=480|percentage=0.22|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=4,346|percentage=1.01|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes= 214,168|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2016===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2016 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2016]]: Bhatar<ref name=vidhansabha2016>{{cite web | url = https://www.india.com/assembly-election-2016/west-bengal/bhatar/| title = Bhatar| work = Election Results| publisher = India.com |access-date = 13 May 2021}}</ref>}}

{{Election box candidate with party link||party=All India Trinamool Congress|candidate=[[Subhash Mondal]]|votes=92,544|percentage=|change=-}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Communist Party of India (Marxist)|candidate=Bamacharan Banerjee|votes=86,264|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Anjan Mukherjee|votes=12,950|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bahujan Samaj Party|candidate=Dhananjay Ghosal|votes=2,176|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=Independent|candidate=Santosh Nandi|votes=1,438|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box candidate||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above |votes=2,108 |percentage=|change=}}

{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2011 West Bengal state assembly election|West Bengal assembly elections, 2011]]: Bhatar<ref>{{cite web |url = http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25267.htm |title = Bhatar |work = Assembly Elections May 2011 Results |publisher = Election Commission of India |access-date = 2011-05-28 |archive-date = 16 May 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110516053222/http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS25267.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=267| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120529223342/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=736&cid=267| url-status = usurped| archive-date = 29 May 2012|title = West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work = Bhatar| publisher =Empowering India |access-date = 2011-05-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |title=West Bengal Assembly Election 2011 |work=Bhatar |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=2011-05-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912030612/http://www.ceowestbengal.nic.in/mis_pdf/election_2011/canddtl_4th_phase.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-12 }}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Banamali Hazra
|votes = 83,883
|percentage = 47.29
|change = +9.36#
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|candidate = Srijit Konar
|votes = 83,585
|percentage = 47.12
|change = -10.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Dhatripada Konar
|votes = 5,586
|percentage = 3.15
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate
|party = People's Democratic Conference of India
|candidate = Iyar Mohammad Sekh
|votes = 2,469
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party = Bahujan Samaj Party
|candidate = Sekh Toyeb
|votes = 1,854
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes = 177,377
|percentage = 89.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link
|winner = All India Trinamool Congress
|loser = Communist Party of India (Marxist)
|swing = +20.20#
}}
{{Election box end}}
.# Swing calculated on Congress+Trinamool Congress vote percentages in 2006 taken together.

===1977-2006===
Syed Md. Masih of [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)|CPI (M)]] won the Bhatar assembly seat in [[2006 West Bengal state assembly election|2006]] defeating his nearest rival Banamali Hajra of [[All India Trinamool Congress|Trinamool Congress]]. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and runners are being mentioned. In 2001 and 1996, [[Subhash Mondal]] of CPI (M) defeated Banamali Hajra of Trinamool Congress and Susanta Ghosh of [[Indian National Congress|Congress]], in respective years. In 1991, [[Mahboob Zahedi]] of CPI (M) defeated Bholanath Sen of Congress. In 1987 and 1982, Syed Md. Masih of CPI (M) defeated Banamali Hajra and Bholanath Sen, both of Congress, in the respective years. In 1977, Bholanath Sen defeated Saktipada Chattopdahyay of [[All India Forward Bloc|Forward Bloc]].<ref>{{cite web| url =http://eci.nic.in/archive/ElectionAnalysis/AE/S25/Partycomp268.htm| title = 268 – Bhatar Assembly Constituency | work = Partywise Comparison Since 1977| publisher = Election Commission of India| access-date = 2010-08-29 }}</ref>

===1957-1972===
Bholanath Sen of Congress won the seat in 1972. Anath Bandhu Ghosh of CPI (M) won it in 1971. In 1969, Aswini Roy of CPI won the seat. S.Hazra of Congress, won it in 1967. Aswini Roy, representing [[Communist Party of India|CPI]] won it in [[1962 West Bengal state assembly election|1962]]. The constituency was formed in [[1957 West Bengal state assembly election|1957]]. It was won in that year by Abalata Kundu of Congress.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/electionstatistics.asp| title= Statistical Reports of Assembly Elections| access-date= 2010-08-29| work= General Election Results and Statistics| publisher= Election Commission of India| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101005110118/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp| archive-date= 5 October 2010| url-status= dead}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman topics}}
{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of West Bengal}}

[[Category:Politics of Paschim Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Politics of Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in West Bengal]]

Rajesh Dandotiya

2026-05-03T22:04:23Z

Kristie5701: Added New Page V1!

{{Short description|Indian police officer}}
{{Orphan|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = ADCP
| name = Rajesh Dandotiya
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1975|06|13}}
| birth_place = [[Morena district]], Madhya Pradesh
| occupation = Police Officer, Author
| notable_works = * ''Cyber Crime Prevention and Fraud Management'' 
* ''Inside the Cyber Crime Files and Cyber Protector''
* ''Cyber Rakshak'' (Hindi)
| website = {{URL|https://rajeshdandotiya.com/}}
}}

'''Rajesh Dandotiya''' (born 13 June 1975) is an Indian Author and [[Indian Police Service]] officer serving as the Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (ADCP), Crime Branch, Indore, Madhya Pradesh.<ref name="GooglePlay">{{cite web |date=May 2025 |title=Cyber Rakshak by Rajesh Dandotiya |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Rajesh_Dandotiya_Cyber_Rakshak?id=HVlgEQAAQBAJ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Google Play Books |publisher=Mahagatha}}</ref><ref name="IE2024">{{cite news |last=Anand Mohan |first=J. |date=25 November 2024 |title=Scammers target Indore Crime Branch chief by mistake, he plays along, video calls them in uniform |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/madhya-pradesh-scammers-target-crime-branch-chief-by-mistake-he-plays-along-video-calls-them-in-uniform-9688481/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Indian Express |location=Bhopal}}</ref> He is known for supervising investigations into cyber fraud, "digital arrest" scams, [[Online gambling|online betting]] and financial crime cases, and for conducting large-scale public awareness campaigns on [[Computer security|cyber security]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=MP: ASI dismissed from service after being accused of killing brother in Indore |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/mp-asi-dismissed-from-service-after-being-accused-of-killing-brother-in-indore20251113143657/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="WBR">{{cite web |title=Additional DCP Rajesh Dandotiya Historic Strides in Cyber Awareness, Enters World Book of Records |url=https://worldbookofrecords.uk/records/record_detail/additional-dcp-rajesh-dandotiya-historic-strides-in-cyber-awareness--enters-world-book-of-records1486 |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=World Book of Records |publisher=World Book of Records, London}}</ref><ref name="Wire1000">{{cite news |date=7 August 2025 |title=India's 1st Police Officer Who Has Delivered 1000+ Sessions on Cyber Security – Rajesh Dandotiya |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/ptiprnews/indias-1st-police-officer-who-has-delivered-1000-sessions-on-cyber-security-rajesh-dandotiya |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Wire |agency=PTI}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Rajesh Dandotiya was born on 13 June 1975 in [[Morena district]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=वर्दी से डिजिटल जंग तक, कौन हैं राजेश दंडोतिया जिनके नाम से साइबर अपराधी कांपते हैं |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/delhi/north-delhi-rajesh-dandotiya-revealed-turning-cyber-security-into-a-mass-movement-ws-l-10011455.html |work=News18 Hindi}}</ref>

== Career ==
Dandotiya serves in the [[Madhya Pradesh Police]] as Additional DCP, Crime Branch, in the Indore Police Commissionerate.<ref name="GooglePlay" /> he has served as supervising officer in a series of [[cybercrime]], financial fraud and organised-crime cases reported in regional and national media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indore Police Commissionerate Launches Its Own AI Chatbot - Rajesh Dandotiya |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/business/indore-police-commissionerate-launches-its-own-ai-chatbot-rajesh-dandotiya/ |access-date=2025-11-20 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Indore Fraud Case: Accused Converted Money In USDT, Sent It To Person In China |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-fraud-case-accused-converted-money-in-usdt-sent-it-to-person-in-china |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=Free Press Journal |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MP Police file FIRs against 13 hotel and hostel operators in Indore for failing to share guest details |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/mp-police-file-firs-against-13-hotel-and-hostel-operators-in-indore-for-failing-to-share-guest-details20251112135338/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Man arrested in Indore for sexually assaulting transgender after promising marriage |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/man-arrested-in-indore-for-sexually-assaulting-transgender-after-promising-marriage/3095340 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=www.ptinews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-09-11 |title=Bigg Boss fame Ajaz Khan booked for promoting enmity through social media video |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/bigg-boss-fame-ajaz-khan-booked-for-promoting-enmity-through-social-media-video/articleshow/123824621.cms |access-date=2025-11-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

He received media attention in 2024 when a group of scammers, attempting to run a “digital arrest” fraud, contacted him without realising he was a senior police officer. Reports described how they tried to convince him that a criminal case had been registered in another state and that his bank accounts would be blocked. He kept the call going, recorded the interaction, and eventually switched to a video call in uniform, after which the callers disconnected. The incident was later used by the [[Indore Police]] to highlight how such scams typically work.<ref name="IE2024" />

=== Investigations reported in the media ===
As head of the Indore Crime Branch, Dandotiya has supervised several investigations into scams described as "digital arrest" frauds, in which callers impersonate officials and keep victims under constant surveillance on video calls while coercing them to transfer money.

* In February 2025, the crime branch raided a "[[Darkroom|dark room]]" call centre in Delhi that was allegedly being used to conduct digital-arrest frauds targeting senior citizens across India. The operation followed the complaint of a woman from Indore who was reportedly defrauded of ₹46 lakh after being told she was under investigation for terrorism and money-laundering offences. The raid led to the arrest of a 22-year-old suspect and the seizure of devices and data containing information on thousands of pensioners, according to ''The Times of India''.<ref name="TOIDarkRoom">{{cite news |date=28 February 2025 |title=Indore police bust 'digital arrest dark room' in Delhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/indore-police-bust-digital-arrest-dark-room-in-delhi/articleshow/118635265.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* In June 2025, he was cited as Additional DCP (Crime) in an investigation involving an 80-year-old retired [[school principal]] from Indore who narrowly avoided transferring over ₹1 crore after a similar digital-arrest scam. Bank staff alerted the crime branch when the victim attempted to liquidate her deposits, and Dandotiya’s team intervened, advised her to switch off her phone and later registered a case once the calls resumed."<ref name="TOIRetiredPrincipal">{{cite news |date=2 June 2025 |title=Retired principal narrowly escapes falling victim to digital scam |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/retired-principal-narrowly-escapes-falling-victim-to-digital-scam/articleshow/121555603.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* In December 2024, he briefed the media about the arrest of a man from Jodhpur, Rajasthan, who allegedly posed as a courier company employee and, along with accomplices impersonating police and [[Reserve Bank of India]] officials, defrauded a software engineer of about ₹1.35 lakh. The case was reported as a digital-arrest-style scam, with the crime branch tracing and freezing bank accounts linked to the fraud.<ref name="TOISoftwareEngineer">{{cite news |date=24 December 2024 |title=Man held for duping software engineer of 1.3L online fraud |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/man-held-for-duping-software-engineer-of-1-3l-online-fraud/articleshow/116608976.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* In November 2025, [[the Free Press Journal]] reported that the Indore Crime Branch, acting on a complaint filed via the [[National Cybercrime Reporting Portal]], arrested a fourth accused in an online "task-based" cheating case in which a complainant lost about ₹60 lakh after being lured with initial small profits. Dandotiya stated that the arrested man’s alleged role was to provide multiple bank accounts used for routing the proceeds of the fraud and that more than 40 accounts had been frozen during the investigation.<ref name="FPJ60Lakh">{{cite news |date=19 November 2025 |title=Indore News: Crime Branch Arrests 4th Accused In Online Cheating Of ₹60 Lakh; Three Of His Accomplices Had Been Arrested From Different Places In The Country |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/indore/indore-news-crime-branch-arrests-4th-accused-in-online-cheating-of-60-lakh-three-of-his-accomplices-had-been-arrested-from-different-places-in-the-country |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Free Press Journal}}</ref>

=== Financial and betting offences ===
Dandotiya has also been mentioned in media coverage of financial crime and betting investigations led by the Indore Crime Branch.

* In June 2025, he told ''The Times of India'' that the crime branch had arrested two men from Gujarat in connection with the fraudulent withdrawal of about ₹64.05 lakh from the bank account of an Additional District Judge serving at the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal in Indore. According to the report, the suspects were held after the branch manager of the court campus branch of the [[State Bank of India]] lodged a complaint about unauthorised transfers.<ref name="TOIJudgeAccount">{{cite news |date=18 June 2025 |title=2 held from Guj for siphoning off 64L from judge's account |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/2-held-from-guj-for-siphoning-off-64l-from-judges-account/articleshow/121916456.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* In November 2025, ''The Times of India'' reported that two absconding members of an inter-state online betting racket operating through a website named "Varun Online Hub" were arrested by the Indore Crime Branch. The article stated that the branch, led by Additional DCP Rajesh Dandotiya, had earlier arrested ten members of the same network, and that the two newly arrested suspects were responsible for generating virtual user IDs and monitoring online betting operations.<ref name="TOIBetting">{{cite news |date=10 November 2025 |title=Two absconding members of online betting racket held |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/two-absconding-members-of-online-betting-racket-held/articleshow/125208500.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Narcotics and arms cases ===
* In June 2025, he informed reporters that the crime branch had arrested an alleged arms smuggler from Barwani district and seized eight country-made pistols, magazines and live cartridges from the suspect’s possession during a raid on Rau–Rajendra Nagar Road on the outskirts of Indore.<ref name="TOIArms">{{cite news |date=8 June 2025 |title=Arms smuggler arrested with 8 pistols & ammunition |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/arms-smuggler-arrested-with-8-pistols-ammunition/articleshow/121700057.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* Later that month, ''The Times of India'' quoted him as saying that two men from Mandsaur had been arrested by the crime branch with 151 g of MD drugs (MDMA) valued at more than ₹1.5 crore in the international market. According to the report, the arrests followed a tip-off and a police trap laid under an Indore metro bridge.<ref name="TOIMD">{{cite news |date=29 June 2025 |title=Two peddlers arrested with MD drugs worth Rs1.5 crore |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/two-peddlers-arrested-with-md-drugs-worth-rs1-5-crore/articleshow/122135177.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>
* In November 2025, he was again cited as Additional DCP (Crime) after the crime branch arrested a man in Indore’s Shivaji Nagar area and recovered 12.60 g of brown sugar, valued at around ₹1.3 lakh internationally. The suspect was reportedly detained during night patrols after allegedly attempting to flee from a police team.<ref name="TOIBrownSugar">{{cite news |date=20 November 2025 |title=Man arrested with brown sugar worth over Rs1 lakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/indore/man-arrested-with-brown-sugar-worth-over-rs1-lakh/articleshow/125446941.cms |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Times of India}}</ref>

=== Other reported incidents ===
Dandotiya has been mentioned in coverage of other incidents handled by Indore police. For example, in November 2025 ''The New Indian Express'' cited him as Additional DCP (Crime) while reporting on a complaint by a national-level shooter who alleged molestation by a bus conductor on a Pune-bound bus transiting through Indore. He told the newspaper that police had facilitated an alternative driver and conductor for the onward journey and were awaiting a written complaint from the [[athlete]].<ref name="TNIEShooter">{{cite news |date=19 November 2025 |title=National-level shooter 'molested' in Pune-bound bus, conductor on run |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2025/Nov/19/national-level-shooter-molested-in-pune-bound-bus-conductor-on-run |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The New Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Cyber Inititiatives in Indore ===
* Digital Suraksha Initiative by Rajesh Dandotiya – Cyber Message, Cyber BridgeCyber Spark<ref name=":0" />
* She Safe – for Women’s<ref name=":0" />
* Cyber Youth – College students<ref name=":0" />
* Cyber Vaani – Akashvani program<ref name=":0" />
* Cyber Insights – Panel Discussion with industry leaders.<ref name=":0" />

== Personal life ==
Rajesh Dandotiya married Neeti Dandotiya, a Deputy SP in the Madhya Pradesh Police. The couple have two sons named Samyak and Satyarth.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-12-24 |title=जानिए राजेश दंडोतिया: लिखी गई किताबें और जीते गए वर्ल्ड रिकॉर्ड्स |url=https://www.lokmatnews.in/india/rajesh-dandotiya-books-written-by-him-and-world-records-won-b507/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Lokmat News Hindi |language=hi}}</ref>

== Cyber awareness work ==
Dandotiya has been reportedly involved in public outreach on cyber-security. Schools, colleges and local institutions in Indore have hosted sessions conducted by him on topics such as password safety, online impersonation, social-media risks and frauds using video calls. Several regional newspapers and online platforms have described him as one of the officers in Madhya Pradesh who regularly conducts awareness programmes for students and senior citizens.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2025 |title=Awareness Programme On Cyber Security facilitated by Mr. Rajesh Dandotiya, IPS, Additional DCP, Crime Branch, Indore |url=https://emeraldheights.edu.in/awareness-programme-on-cyber-security-facilitated-by-mr-rajesh-dandotiya-ips-additional-dcp-crime-branch-indore/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=emeraldheights.edu.in |publisher=The Emerald Heights International School}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2024 |title=A seminar on Cyber Security Awareness was conducted by Mr. Rajesh Dandotiya |url=https://www.facebook.com/PISIndore/posts/a-seminar-on-cyber-security-awareness-was-conducted-by-mr-rajesh-dandotiya-addit/1329685592281702/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Facebook |publisher=Podar International School, Indore}}</ref><ref name="Wire1000" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Cyber Fraud aur Digital Arrest kaise bachें, jaane Rajesh Dandotiya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1k1DH1xT2R0 |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=Webdunia Hindi |language=hi |via=YouTube}}</ref>

According to ''The Wire'', he has delivered more than 1,000 cyber security awareness sessions across India, which have been recognised by the World Book of Records, London, for "1000 sessions on cyber awareness as an enforcement officer".<ref name="WBR" /><ref name="Wire1000" /> Reporting on the launch of an AI-based chatbot for Indore Police in 2025 likewise described him as being known across Madhya Pradesh for conducting over 1,000 cyber awareness campaigns.<ref>{{cite news |date=2025 |title=Indore ke Cyber Cop Rajesh Dandotiya ne likhi khaas kitab 'Cyber Rakshak' |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWCyXgN4dnE |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=IBC24 |language=hi |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=3 October 2025 |title=Indore Police Commissionerate Launches Its Own AI Chatbot |url=https://theprint.in/ani-press-releases/indore-police-commissionerate-launches-its-own-ai-chatbot-rajesh-dandotiya/2756672/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Print |agency=ANI}}</ref>

== Publications ==
In 2025, he wrote a Hindi-language book titled ''Cyber Rakshak'', published by Mahagatha. The book compiles examples of cyber-crime incidents handled by police and explains common methods used in online frauds in simplified form for general readers. It was launched at the Indore Police Commissioner’s office.<ref name="GooglePlay" /><ref name="Flipkart">{{cite web |title=Cyber Rakshak (Paperback, Rajesh Dandotiya) |url=https://www.flipkart.com/cyber-rakshak/p/itm22b7d4480853e |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Flipkart |publisher=Mahagatha}}</ref><ref name="IndorePolicePR">{{cite web |date=27 May 2025 |title=साइबर अपराधों की रोकथाम एवं जनजागरुकता के लिए बनाई पुस्तक 'Cyber Rakshak' का विमोचन |url=https://indore.mppolice.gov.in/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE-%E0%A4%8F/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |website=Commissionerate of Police, Indore |language=hi}}</ref>

The book compiles over 30 or 35 real-life cybercrime scenarios, including phishing, fake loan apps, sextortion, digital-arrest scams and social-media hacking, and is written for non-technical readers.<ref name="FirstIndia">{{cite news |date=30 May 2025 |title=Policing the Digital Age: Indore DCP Rajesh Dandotiya Pens 'Cyber Rakshak' to Empower Citizens Against Online Threats |url=https://firstindia.co.in/news/science_%26_technology/Policing%20the%20Digital%20Age%3A%20Indore%20DCP%20Rajesh%20Dandotiya%20Pens%20%E2%80%98Cyber%20Rakshak%E2%80%99%20to%20Empower%20Citizens%20Against%20Online%20Threats |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=First India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 May 2025 |title=Cybercrime is not just a technical threat, it's a human issue: ADCP Rajesh Dandotiya on his new book Cyber Rakshak |url=https://english.loktej.com/article/18947/cybercrime-is-not-just-a-technical-threat-its-a-human |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=Loktej}}</ref> Reviews and promotional material describe it as aimed at students, homemakers, senior citizens and small business owners, combining checklists and practical tips drawn from his experience in cybercrime investigations and awareness programmes.<ref name="GooglePlay" /><ref name="FirstIndia" />

== Honours ==
In June 2025, Dandotiya was honoured by the World Book of Records for his cyber-awareness work after completing what was described as his 1,000th cyber awareness session at [[Daly College]] in Indore.<ref name="WBR" /><ref name="Wire1000" /> it was reportedly was presented at a ceremony in Indore attended by state dignitaries.<ref>{{cite news |date=30 June 2025 |title=Additional DCP (Crime) Rajesh Dandotiya honoured by World Book of Records |url=https://m.thewire.in/article/ptiprnews/additional-dcp-crime-rajesh-dandotiya-honoured-by-world-book-of-records |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=The Wire |agency=PTI}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2025 |title=Additional DCP Rajesh Dandotiya Historic Strides in Cyber Awareness, Enters World Book of Records |url=https://almatimes.in/additional-dcp-rajesh-dandotiya-historic-strides-in-cyber-awareness-enters-world-book-of-records/ |access-date=20 November 2025 |work=Alma Times}}</ref>

=== World records ===

# Maximum number of Cyber awareness sessions by World Book of Records, London.<ref name="WBR" />
#Cyber awareness sessions of mothers by World Book of Records, London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indore Police, Madhya Pradesh, India gets included by World Book of Records |url=https://worldbookofrecords.uk/records/record_detail/indore-police--madhya-pradesh--india-gets-included-by-world-book-of-records1257 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=World Book of Records |language=en}}</ref>
#Maximum number of cyber awareness sessions by India Book of Records.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAXIMUM CYBER AWARENESS SESSIONS ORGANIZED BY AN INDIVIDUAL |url=https://www.worldrecordsindia.com/2025/09/09/maximum-cyber-awareness-sessions-organized-by-an-individual/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |language=en-US}}</ref>
#Largest Session of Drug Awareness by Golden Book of World Records.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest Session on Drugs Awareness Archives |url=https://goldenbookofworldrecords.com/tag/largest-session-on-drugs-awareness/ |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=Golden Book Of World Records |language=en-US}}</ref>
#Biggest Human Chain by World Book of records, London.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Hans India |date=2025-12-29 |title=Rajesh Dandotiya: Police Officer and Cyber Safety Leader with 11 World Records |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/rajesh-dandotiya-police-officer-and-cyber-safety-leader-with-11world-records-1034753 |access-date=2026-01-10 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
#Largest E-Shapath by World Book of Records, London.<ref name=":1" />
#Highest Cyber Awareness session by World Wide Book of Records.<ref name=":1" />
#Highest Cyber Awareness session by World Record of Excellence, England.<ref name=":1" />
#Thousand session conducted on cyber awareness Golden Book of World Records.<ref name=":1" />
#Highest Cyber sessions by International Book of Records.<ref name=":1" />
#Highest Cyber sessions World Records of India <ref name=":0" />

== See also ==

* [[Cybercrime in India]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{Official website|https://rajeshdandotiya.com}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dandotiya, Rajesh}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian police officers]]
[[Category:1975 births]]

Bharatiya Janata Party – Delhi

2026-04-24T16:45:30Z

Kristie5701:

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{short description|Delhi affiliate of the Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| colorcode = {{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
| native_name = भारतीय जनता पार्टी – दिल्ली
| logo = [[File:Logo of the Bharatiya Janata Party.svg|150px]]
|name=| abbreviation = [[Bharatiya Janata Party|BJP]]
| president = Virendra Sachdeva<ref name="auto">https://delhi.bjp.org/state-office-bearers/{{Dead link|date=January 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>
| chairman = [[Rekha Gupta]] ([[Chief Minister of Delhi|Chief Minister]])
| general_secretary =
| headquarters = 14, Pandit Pant Marg New Delhi - 110001 Delhi<ref>https://www.bjp.org/stateoffice</ref>
| colours = {{colour box|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}} [[Saffron (color)|Saffron]]
| loksabha_seats = {{Composition bar|7|7|hex=#FF9933}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|1|3|hex=#FF9933}}
| state_seats_name = [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
| state_seats = {{Composition bar|48|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| state2_seats_name = [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]
| state2_seats = {{Composition bar|122|250|hex=#FF9933}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.bjp.org/delhi}}
| symbol = [[Nelumbo nucifera|Lotus]] [[File:Lotus flower symbol.svg|130px]]
| leader =
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|p=y|1980|4|6|br=y}}
| flag = BJP flag.svg{{!}}border
| eci =
| alliance = *[[National Democratic Alliance]]
| founder={{ubl
| [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| [[L. K. Advani|Lal Krishna Advani]]<ref name=":3001">{{Cite news|date=23 May 2019|title=What you need to know about India's BJP|work=[[Al Jazeera]]|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|url-status=live|access-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200513075856/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/india-bjp-190523053850803.html|archive-date=13 May 2020}}</ref>
}} {{cslist
| title = Other founders<ref name="founders" />
| [[Murli Manohar Joshi]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Praveen |date=7 January 2024 |title=Murli Manohar Joshi turns 90: Well-wishers flock to Raisina Road to celebrate life of BJP stalwart |url=https://theprint.in/in-pictures/murli-manohar-joshi-turns-90-well-wishers-flock-to-raisina-road-to-celebrate-life-of-bjp-stalwart/1913267/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=ThePrint |language=en-US}}</ref>
| [[Nanaji Deshmukh]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bharat Ratna for Pranab, Nanaji Deshmukh and Bhupen Hazarika |url=http://www.bihartimes.in/newsbihar/2019/jan/newsbihar25jan12.html |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=Bihar Times}}</ref>
| [[K. R. Malkani]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sir |first=Sp |date=29 April 2021 |title=K R Malkani - The Sindhu World Sindhi Author: The Sindh Story: Sindhi Politician: Political Mysteries |url=https://thesindhuworld.com/k-r-malkani/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=The Sindhu World |language=en-US}}</ref>
| [[Sikandar Bakht]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 April 2024 |script-title=hi:कौन थे बीजेपी के इकलौते मुस्लिम फाउंडर सिकंदर बख्त? जानिए कैसे थामा पार्टी का साथ |url=https://www.abplive.com/news/india/bjp-foundation-day-who-was-bjp-muslim-founder-sikandar-bakht-political-career-profile-in-hindi-2658177 |access-date=18 January 2025 |website= |language=hi}}</ref>
| [[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]]
| [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]]<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jain |first=Devaki |work=The Citizen (India) |url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/7/20759/The-Maharani-who-Founded-the-BJP |title=The Maharani who founded the BJP |date=14 August 2021 }}</ref>
| [[Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Rajput votes at stake in Rajasthan, Bhairon Singh Shekhawat legacy a new front in BJP, Cong battle |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/rajput-rajasthan-bhairon-singh-shekhawat-bjp-congress-8623357/ |access-date=18 January 2025 |website=[[The Indian Express]] |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Shanta Kumar]]
| [[Ram Jethmalani]]
| [[Jagannathrao Joshi]]
}}
| predecessor =
* [[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]] (1951–1977)
* [[Janata Party]] (1977–1980)
| split = [[Janata Party]]
| labour = [[Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Need to Know BJP-led BMS is biggest labour union in India |url=https://www.livemint.com/Politics/ohkSVkDnWYnxvZyuzggTsL/Need-to-Know--BJPled-BMS-is-biggest-labour-union-in-India.html |access-date=17 March 2020 |work=live mint |date=15 January 2008 |author=Pragya Singh }}</ref>
| peasants = [[Bharatiya Kisan Sangh]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=Sejuta Das|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQiKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|pages=172–173|title= Class, Politics, and Agricultural Policies in Post-liberalisation India|isbn=978-1-108-41628-3|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2019e}}</ref>
| international =
}}

The '''Bharatiya Janata Party – Delhi''' (or '''BJP Delhi''')
is the state unit of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] in [[Delhi]]. Its head office is situated at 14, Pandit Pant Marg New Delhi - 110001 Delhi. The Current President of BJP Delhi is Virender Sachdeva.<ref name="auto"/>

==Electoral Performance==
===Lok Sabha Election===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Year
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Seats won
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |+/-
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Outcome
|-
! colspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
|[[1967 Indian general election|1967]]
|{{Composition bar|6|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{dash}}
|Opposition
|-
! colspan="4" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|[[1989 Indian general election|1989]]
|{{Composition bar|4|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{dash}}
|Government, later Opposition
|-
|[[1991 Indian general election|1991]]
|{{Composition bar|5|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|Opposition
|-
|[[1996 Indian general election|1996]]
|{{Composition bar|5|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{dash}}
|Government, later Opposition
|-
|[[1998 Indian general election|1998]]
|{{Composition bar|6|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|Government
|-
|[[1999 Indian general election|1999]]
|{{Composition bar|7|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 1
|Government
|-
|[[2004 Indian general election|2004]]
|{{Composition bar|1|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 6
|Opposition
|-
|[[2009 Indian general election|2009]]
|{{Composition bar|0|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{decrease}} 1
|Opposition
|-
|[[2014 Indian general election|2014]]
|{{Composition bar|7|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{increase}} 7
|Government
|-
|[[2019 Indian general election|2019]]
|{{Composition bar|7|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{dash}}
|Government
|-
|[[2024 Indian general election|2024]]
|{{Composition bar|7|7|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}}}
|{{dash}}
|Government
|}

===Legislative Assembly Election===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Year
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Seats contested
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Seats won
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|+/-
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Votes
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Voteshare (%)
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|+/- (%)
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white"|Outcome
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Bharatiya Jana Sangh]]
|-
| [[1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
|31
| {{Composition bar|5|48|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{dash}}
|1,14,207
| 21.89%
| New
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
! colspan="8" |[[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|70
| {{Composition bar|49|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{dash}}
|15,20,675
| 47.82%
|New
| {{yes2|Government}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|67
| {{Composition bar|15|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{decrease}} 34
|13,90,689
| 34.02%
| {{decrease}} 13.8%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|70
| {{Composition bar|20|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{increase}} 5
|15,89,323
| 35.22%
| {{increase}} 1.2%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|69
| {{Composition bar|23|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{increase}} 3
|22,44,629
| 36.34%
| {{increase}} 1.12%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|68
| {{Composition bar|32|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{increase}} 9
|26,04,100
| 33.07%
| {{decrease}} 3.27%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|69
| {{Composition bar|3|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{decrease}} 29
|28,90,485
| 32.2%
| {{decrease}} 0.87%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
|67
| {{Composition bar|8|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{increase}} 5
|35,75,529
| 38.51%
| {{increase}} 6.31%
| {{No2|Opposition}}
|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
| 68
| {{Composition bar|48|70|hex=#FF9933}}
| {{increase}} 40
|43,23,110
| 45.56%
| {{increase}} 7.05%
| {{Yes2|Government}}
|}

==Leadership==
===Chief Minister===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |No
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Portrait
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |[[List of constituencies of the Delhi Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Term of Office
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Tenure
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Assembly
|-
|1
|[[File:Madan_Lal_Khurana.jpg|95px]]
|[[Madan Lal Khurana]]
|[[Moti Nagar Assembly constituency|Moti Nagar]]
|2 December 1993
|26 February 1996
|{{age in years and days|1993|12|02|1996|02|26}}
| rowspan="3" |[[1st Delhi Assembly|1st]]
|-
|2
|
[[File:The_Union_Labour_Minister_Dr._Sahib_Singh_chairing_the_165th_Meeting_of_the_CBT,_Employees_Provident_Fund_in_New_Delhi_on_December_3,_2003_(Wednesday)_(cropped).jpg|95px]]
| scope="row" |[[Sahib Singh Verma]]
|[[Shalimar Bagh Assembly constituency|Shalimar Bagh]]
|26 February 1996
|12 October 1998
|{{age in years and days|1996|02|26|1998|10|12}}
|-
|3
|[[File: Secretary Tillerson is Greeted by Indian Minister of External Affairs Swaraj (24074726498) (cropped).jpg|95px]]
|[[Sushma Swaraj]]
|''Not Contested''
|12 October 1998
|3 December 1998
|{{age in years and days|1998|10|12|1998|12|03}}
|-
|4
|[[File:Chief Minister of Delhi, Smt. Rekha Gupta.jpg|95px]]
| [[Rekha Gupta]]
|[[Shalimar Bagh Assembly constituency|Shalimar Bagh]]
| 20 February 2025
|''Incumbent''
|{{age in years and days|2025|02|20}}
|[[8th Delhi Assembly|8th]]
|}

===Leaders of the Opposition===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |No
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Portrait
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |[[List of constituencies of the Delhi Legislative Assembly|Constituency]]
! colspan="3" style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Term
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Assembly
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |[[List of Chief Ministers of Delhi|Chief Minister]]
|-
|1
|[[File:Madan Lal Khurana.jpg|98x98px]]
|[[Madan Lal Khurana]]
|[[Moti Nagar Assembly constituency|Moti Nagar]]
|1998
|2003
|5 years
|[[2nd Delhi Assembly|2nd]]
|rowspan="3" | [[Sheila Dikshit]]

|-
|2
|[[File:The Governor of Assam, Shri Jagdish Mukhi meeting the Union Home Minister, Shri Rajnath Singh, in New Delhi on October 28, 2018 (cropped).JPG|98x98px]]
|[[Jagdish Mukhi]]
|[[Janakpuri Assembly constituency|Janakpuri]]
|2003
|2008
|5 years
|[[3rd Delhi Assembly|3rd]]
|-
|3
|[[File:Vijay Kumar Malhotra.jpeg|123x123px]]
| [[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]]
|[[Greater Kailash Assembly constituency|Greater Kailash]]
| 2008
| 2013
|5 years
|[[4th Delhi Assembly|4th]]
|-
|4
| [[File:Harsh Vardhan in 2017.jpg|80px]]
| [[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
| [[Krishna Nagar Assembly constituency|Krishna Nagar]]
| 2 December 2013
| 16 May 2014
|{{Ayd|2 December 2013|16 May 2014}}
|[[5th Delhi Assembly|5th]]
|rowspan="4" | [[Arvind Kejriwal]]
|-
|5
| [[File:Shri Vijender Gupta, Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.jpg|80px]]
| [[Vijender Gupta]]
| [[Rohini Assembly constituency|Rohini]]
| 16 April 2015
| 11 February 2020
|{{Ayd|16 April 2015|11 February 2020}}
|[[6th Delhi Assembly|6th]]
|-
|6
| [[File:Ramvir Singh Bidhuri.jpg|80px]]
| [[Ramvir Singh Bidhuri]]
| [[Badarpur, Delhi Assembly constituency|Badarpur]]
| 24 February 2020
| 4 June 2024
|{{Ayd|24 February 2020|4 June 2024}}
|rowspan="2" |[[7th Delhi Assembly|7th]]
|-
|(5)
| [[File:Shri Vijender Gupta, Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.jpg|80px]]
| [[Vijender Gupta]]
| [[Rohini Assembly constituency|Rohini]]
| 4 August 2024
| 8 February 2025
|{{Ayd|4 August 2024|8 February 2025}}
|}

===State President List===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |#
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Portrait
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Name
! style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" colspan="3" |Tenure
!style="background-color:#FF9933; color:white" |Ref
|-
|1
|[[File:Vijay Kumar Malhotra.jpeg|123x123px]]
|[[Vijay Kumar Malhotra]]
|1980
|1984
|4 years
|
|-
|2
|
|[[Kidar Nath Sahani]]
|1984
|1988
|4 years
|
|-
|3
|[[File:Madan Lal Khurana.jpg|92x92px]]
|[[Madan Lal Khurana]]
|1988
|1991
|3 years
|
|-
|4
|[[File:Om Prakash Kohli on 22 October 2016.jpg|98x98px]]
|[[Om Prakash Kohli]]
|1991
|1995
|4 years
|
|-
|(2)
|
|[[Kidar Nath Sahani]]
|30-Jun-1995
|30-Jun-1998
|{{Age in years and days|30 June 1995|30 June 1998}}
|
|-
|5
|
|[[Mange Ram Garg]]
|30-Jun-1998
|12-Jul-2002
|{{Age in years and days|30 June 1998|12 July 2002}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=1998-06-30 |title=Mange Ram Garg elected New Delhi BJP chief |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1998/jun/30bjp.htm |access-date= |website=Rediff}}</ref>
|-
|(3)
|[[File:Madan Lal Khurana.jpg|92x92px]]
|[[Madan Lal Khurana]]
|12-Jul-2002
|19-Dec-2003
|{{Age in years and days|12 July 2002|19 December 2003}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2002-07-12 |title=Madan Lal Khurana appointed Delhi BJP chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/madan-lal-khurana-appointed-delhi-bjp-chief/articleshow/15764516.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|6
|[[File:Harsh Vardhan in 2017.jpg|88x88px]]
|[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
|19-Dec-2003
|7-Jan-2009
|{{Age in years and days|19 December 2003|7 January 2009}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2009-01-08 |title=Om Prakash Kohli takes over as Delhi BJP chief |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2009/Jan/08/om-prakash-kohli-takes-over-as-delhi-bjp-chief-16541.html |access-date= |website=The New Indian Express |language=}}</ref>
|-
|(4)
|[[File:Om Prakash Kohli on 22 October 2016.jpg|98x98px]]
|[[Om Prakash Kohli]]
|7-Jan-2009
|15-May-2010
|{{Age in years and days|7 January 2009|15 May 2010}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-01-07 |title=OP Kohli appointed Delhi BJP chief |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/op-kohli-appointed-delhi-bjp-chief/story-6cn7coEZgiW0UfEifboQcP.html |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref>
|-
|7
| [[File:Shri Vijender Gupta, Speaker of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.jpg|80px]]
|[[Vijender Gupta]]
|15-May-2010
|15-Feb-2013
|{{Age in years and days|15 May 2010|15 February 2013}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-05-15 |title=Vijender Gupta is Delhi BJP's new chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/vijender-gupta-is-delhi-bjps-new-chief/articleshow/5932566.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|8
|[[File:Vijay Goel (cropped).jpg|95x95px]]
|[[Vijay Goel (politician)|Vijay Goel]]
|15-Feb-2013
|19-Feb-2014
|{{Age in years and days|15 February 2013|19 February 2014}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-02-16 |title=Delhi BJP gets new chief in Vijay Goel |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/north/story/vijay-goel-delhi-bjp-chief-former-lok-sabha-member-154170-2013-02-15 |access-date= |website=India Today |language=}}</ref>
|-
|(6)
|[[File:Harsh Vardhan in 2017.jpg|88x88px]]
|[[Harsh Vardhan (Delhi politician)|Harsh Vardhan]]
|19-Feb-2014
|8-Jul-2014
|{{Age in years and days|19 February 2014|8 July 2014}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-02-19 |title=Harshvardhan is new Delhi BJP president |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/harshvardhan-is-new-delhi-bjp-president/articleshow/30687698.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|-
|9
|[[File:Satish Upadhyay.jpg|113x113px]]
|[[Satish Upadhyay]]
|8-Jul-2014
|30-Nov-2016
|{{Age in years and days|8 July 2014|30 November 2016}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-09 |title=Satish Upadhyay appointment marks break in BJP tradition |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/satish-upadhyay-appointment-marks-break-in-bjp-tradition-199838-2014-07-09 |access-date= |website=India Today |language=}}</ref>
|-
|10
|[[File:Manoj tiwari ji(cropped).jpg|94x94px]]
|[[Manoj Tiwari (Delhi politician)|Manoj Tiwari]]
|30-Nov-2016
|2-Jun-2020
|{{Age in years and days|30 November 2016|2 June 2020}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-11-30 |title=Manoj Tiwari appointed chief of Delhi BJP |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/manoj-tiwari-appointed-chief-of-delhi-bjp/story-vXMACEyiNhMfMCAcQTyQvI.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|11
|[[File:Adesh Kumar Gupta.jpg|112x112px]]
|[[Adesh Gupta]]
|2-Jun-2020
|23-Mar-2023
|{{Age in years and days|2 June 2020|23 March 2023}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-06-02 |title=Adesh Kumar Gupta appointed Delhi BJP chief, takes over from Manoj Tiwari |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/adesh-kumar-gupta-appointed-delhi-bjp-chief-takes-over-from-manoj-tiwari/story-5p56SVaXGIsO9mjUMoxKRL.html |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |work=Hindustan Times |language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|12
|[[File:Virendra Sachdeva press address.png|75x75px]]
|Virendra Sachdeva
|23-Mar-2023
|''Incumbent''
|{{Age in years and days|23 March 2023|}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-03-23 |title=Virendra Sachdeva becomes full-time Delhi BJP chief |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/virendra-sachdeva-becomes-full-time-delhi-bjp-chief/articleshow/98947879.cms |access-date= |work=The Times of India |issn=}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
* [[National Democratic Alliance]]
* [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Municipal Corporation of Delhi]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharatiya Janata Party - Delhi}}
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party by state or union territory|Delhi]]
[[Category:Political parties in Delhi]]

Shalu Kurian

2026-04-24T12:55:00Z

Kristie5701: new.

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{BLP sources|date=February 2013}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Shalu Kurian
| image =
| birth_date = 
| birth_place = 
| years_active = 2007–present
| occupation = {{hlist|Television and film actress|television host}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Melvin Philip|2017}}{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
}}

'''Shalu Susan Kurian''' is an Indian actress who predominantly works in [[Malayalam]] television serials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/i-want-to-focus-more-on-serials-than-films-as-small-screen-is-my-comfort-zone-shalu-kurian/articleshow/57754793.cms|title=I want to focus more on serials than films as small screen is my comfort zone: Shalu Kurian - Times of India|website=The Times of India|first=Arya|last=UR|date=22 March 2017}}</ref> She is best known for her character Varsha in the television series ''Chandanamazha'', which had aired on [[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]].

She made her debut in the 2008 film ''Jubilee'' and went on to act in television serials such as ''Swami Ayyappan'', ''Nizhalkkannadi'', ''Kadamattathachan'' and ''Snehakoodu''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/radio-and-tv/dream-run-for-shalu-kurian-on-the-small-screen/article6360191.ece|title=Dream run on the small screen|first=Athira|last=M|website=The Hindu|date=28 August 2014}}</ref> She has also appeared in TV shows like Tamaar padaar, Super Jodi, Urvashi theatres and Star Magic.

==Biography==
Kurian attended BMS school, Vazhoor St. Paul's and MD Seminary.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} She gained a degree at Bacelious college, Kottayam.{{Citation needed|date=August 2022}} She lives in Kottayam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=TV star Shalu Kurien had just one demand for the new house |url=https://www.onmanorama.com/lifestyle/decor/2018/11/26/tv-star-shalu-kurien-had-just-one-demand-for-the-new-house.html |access-date=2024-10-29 |website=Onmanorama}}</ref> She is married to Melvin and has a son, Alister Melvin.

==Filmography==
===Television===
''All TV series are in Malayalam language unless noted otherwise''.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Channel
! Notes
! {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference}}
|-
|2004||''Naalavathu Mudichu''||||[[Jaya TV]]||Uncredited Role - Tamil Serial||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2007||''Krishnapaksham''||||[[DD Malayalam]]||Debut||
|-
|''Thingalum Tharakalum''||||[[Amrita TV]]|| ||
|-
|2010-2011||''Swami Ayyappan Saranam''|||| rowspan="3" |[[Surya TV]]||||
|-
|2011||''Kadamattathachan''||Mayamohini|| ||
|-
|2011-2012||''Snehakkodu''||Priya|| ||
|-
|2011-2014||''[[Azhagi (TV series)|Azhagi]]''||Niraimathi||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||Tamil
serial
|
|-
|2012||''Kanamarayathu''||||||||
|-
| rowspan="3" |2012-2013||''[[Thendral]]''||Lavanya||[[Sun TV (India)|Sun TV]]||Tamil serial||
|-
|''Nizhalkannadi''||Thankamani||[[Surya TV]]|| ||
|-
|''Indira''||Jalarani||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2013||''Mayamadhavam''|| ||[[Surya TV]]|| ||
|-
|''Mechilpurangal''|| Bindhu Jayakumar||[[DD Malayalam]]||Telefilm||
|-
|2013–2014||''Sarayu''||Rajani||[[Surya TV]]|| ||
|-
|2014||''Unknown serial Amrita TV by Unni Cherian''||Feminist||[[Amrita TV]]|| ||
|-
|2014–2017||''Chandanamazha''||Varsha||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||||<ref name="auto"/>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2015||''[[Chattambi Kalyani]]''||Kalyani||[[JaiHind TV]]||||
|-
|''Kalyani Kalavani''||Vani<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/trade-news/malayalam/A-new-sitcom-to-hit-your-TV-screen-soon/articleshow/46563387.cms|title=A new sitcom to hit your TV screen soon - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 March 2015 }}</ref>||[[Asianet Plus]]||||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/New-serial-Kalyani-Kalavani-on-Asianet-Plus/articleshow/46584711.cms|title=New serial Kalyani Kalavani on Asianet Plus - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 March 2015 }}</ref>
|-
|2016||''Chechiyamma''||Nayana|| rowspan="2" |[[Surya TV]]|| ||
|-
|2016-2017||''[[Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan (TV series)|Kayamkulam Kochunniyude Makan]]''||Naseema|| ||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/kayamkulam-kochuniyude-makan-on-surya-tv/articleshow/55978745.cms|title='Kayamkulam Kochuniyude Makan' on Surya TV - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=14 December 2016 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017||''Kudumba Police''||CPO Alice||[[Kairali TV]]||||<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/mollywood/130217/varsha-in-a-transition-mode.html|title=Varsha in a transition mode|first=elizabeth|last=thomas|date=13 February 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
|-
|''Manchester Vazhi Manjadimukku'' ||||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||Telefilm||
|-
|2018–2019||''[[Seetha (TV series)|Seetha]]''||Adhilekshmi||[[Flowers (TV channel)|Flowers TV]]||||
|-
|2018–2023||''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]''||Vidhubala||[[Mazhavil Manorama]]||Season 2, 4||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/thattem-muttem-starts-afresh-shalu-kurian-joins-the-cast/articleshow/66937013.cms|title=Thattem Muttem starts afresh; Shalu Kurian joins the cast - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 December 2018 }}</ref>
|-
|2019||''Kuttikurumban''||Asha||[[Zee Keralam]]||||
|-
| rowspan="2" |2020||''[[Aksharathettu (TV series)|Aksharathettu]]''|| Rani Akka|| rowspan="2" |[[Mazhavil Manorama]]|| ||<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/heres-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-unique-upcoming-show-aksharathett/articleshow/76751651.cms|work=The Times of India|title=Here's all you need to know about the unique upcoming show 'Aksharathettu'|date=26 August 2020 }}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aksharathettu (TV series)|Suryakanthi]]''|| Rani|| ||
|-
|2021–2022||''[[Ente Maathavu]]''||Susan||[[Surya TV]]||||<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/shalu-kurian-celebrates-state-award-win-on-the-sets-of-ente-mathavu/articleshow/86164759.cms|title=Shalu Kurian celebrates state award win on the sets of 'Ente Mathavu'|website=The Times of India|date=13 September 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023||'' Madhanakamarajan''||Kamini||[[YouTube]]||web serial ||
|-
|''Wife is Beautiful ''||Sara||[[Zee Keralam]]|| |||
|-
|2024–present
|''Super Kanmani''
|Dhanalakshmi
|[[Mazhavil Manorama]]
|
|
|-
|2025–2026
|''Happy Couples'' ||Athira||[[Asianet (TV channel)|Asianet]]||||
|}

===As host===
*''Telephone Moneyphone'' (Asianet Plus)

===Other TV shows===

* ''[[Ningalkkum Aakaam Kodeeshwaran]]'' (Asianet)
* ''[[Sell Me the Answer (Indian game show)|Sell Me the Answer]]'' (Asianet)
* ''Run Baby Run'' (Asianet)
* ''Smart Show'' (Flowers TV)
*'' Kuttykalavara'' (Flowers TV)
* ''Deal or No Deal'' (Surya TV)
* ''Tamar Padar'' (Flowers TV)
* ''[[Aswamedham (TV series)|Aswamedham]]'' (Kairali TV)
* ''Boeing Boeing'' (Zee Keralam)
* ''Jollywood Show'' (Kairali TV)
*''Suryajodi'' (Surya TV)
*''Urvashi Theatres'' (Asianet)
* ''[[Onnum Onnum Moonu]]'' (Mazhavil Manorama)<ref>{{cite web|title=Actors Shalu Kurian and Pratheesh Nandan to visit Rimi's 'Onnum Onnum Moonnu'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/actors-shalu-kurian-and-pratheesh-nandan-to-visit-rimis-onnum-onnum-moonnu/articleshow/59162571.cms|website=The Times Of India|date=15 June 2017|access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref>
*''Oru Kodi'' (Flowers TV)
*''Star Magic'' (Flowers TV)
* ''[[Start Music Aaradhyam Paadum|Start Music season 5]]'' (Asianet)<ref>{{cite web|title=Chandanamazha team reunites after years; fans excited to see Amritha and Arjun Desai together|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/malayalam/chandanamazha-team-reunites-after-years-fans-excited-to-see-amritha-and-arjun-desai-together/articleshow/105349800.cms|website=The Times Of India|date=20 November 2023|access-date=5 May 2025}}</ref>
* ''Enkile Ennodu Para'' (Asianet)

===Films===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2008
| ''Jubilee''
| Sicily
|Debut movie
|-
| ''Kabadi Kabadi''
| Meenakshi
|
|-
|rowspan="2" |2009
| ''[[Kappal Muthalaali]]''
| Aswathy
|
|-
| ''[[Kerala Cafe]]''
| Passenger
| Segment:''Puram Kazhchakal''
|-
| rowspan="3" |2010
| ''[[Aathmakatha]]''
| Seleena
|
|-
| ''Nanthuni''
| Manikutty
|
|-
| ''[[Hide N' Seek (2012 film)|Hide N' Seek]]''
| Lathasri
|
|-
|2013
| ''[[Romans (2013 film)|Romans]]''
| Gracy
|Breakthrough role

|-
| rowspan="2" |2014
|''[[Happy Journey (2014 Malayalam film)|Happy Journey]]''
| Film actress
|Archive footage
|-
|''Testpaper''
|
|
|-
|2016
|''Calling Bell''
| Lead
|{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}
|-
|2023
|''[[Chandramukhi 2]]''
|Vennila
|
|}

== Awards ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Award !! Year !! Category !! Serial/Film!! Results
|-
|Kerala State Television Awards||2020||Second Best Actress||''[[Aksharathettu (TV series)|Aksharathettu]]''<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/state-television-awards-announced/article32648904.ece |title=State Television Awards Announced|work=The Hindu|date=19 September 2020}}</ref>||{{won}}
|-
|Rowspan=3|[[Asianet Television Awards]]||rowspan=2|2014||Best Actress in a negative role||rowspan=3|chandana mazha||{{nom}}
|-
|Special jury ||{{won}}
|-
|2015||Best Actress in a negative role||{{won}}
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|8284549}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kurian, Shalu}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Actresses from Kochi]]
[[Category:20th-century births]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Malayalam television]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian actresses]]

Prunus cerasoides

2026-04-22T09:04:21Z

Kristie5701: Added Basic Entry First Draft!

{{Short description|Species of tree}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Zosterops japonicus, Cibodas Botanical Gardens, Java.jpg
|image_caption = [[Indian white-eye]] in a wild Himalayan cherry
|parent = Prunus subg. Cerasus
|taxon = Prunus cerasoides
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 9 February 2023">{{cite iucn |author1=Rhodes, L. |author2=Pollard, R.P. |author3=Maxted, N. |date=2016 |title=''Cerasus cerasoides'' |volume=2016 |article-number=e.T50026860A50670270 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T50026860A50670270.en |access-date=9 February 2023}}</ref>
|authority = [[Francis Buchanan-Hamilton|Buch.-Ham.]] ex [[David Don|D.Don]]<ref name=POWO>{{cite POWO |id=150229-1 |title=''Prunus cerasoides'' Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don |access-date=22 April 2026}}</ref>
|synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
* ''Cerasus cerasoides'' (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) S.Ya.Sokolov
* ''Cerasus pectinata'' Spach
* ''Cerasus phoshia'' Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
* ''Cerasus puddum'' Roxb. ex Ser.
* ''Maddenia pedicellata'' Hook.f.
* ''Microcerasus pectinata'' (Walp.) M.Roem.
* ''Microcerasus phoshia'' (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) M.Roem.
* ''Prunus carmesina'' H.Hara
* ''Prunus hosseusii'' Diels
* ''Prunus majestica'' Koehne
* ''Prunus pectinata'' Walp.
{{hidden end}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=POWO/>
}}

'''''Prunus cerasoides''''', commonly known as the '''wild Himalayan cherry,''' '''sour cherry'''<ref>{{GRIN | access-date=January 24, 2014}}</ref> or '''pahhiya''' is a species of deciduous [[cherry tree]] in the family [[Rosaceae]].

Its range includes the central [[Himalayas]] through [[Himachal Pradesh]] in north-central India, through out Nepal, to south-western China, Burma, Thailand and Laos in mainland Southeast Asia. In India the tree is widely revered in the Himalayan state of Uttarakhand. The tree is found in [[temperate forest]] from {{convert|1200|to|2400|m|ft|-3}} in elevation and extends to tropical highlands of Southeast Asia.<ref name="tropicalplants">{{cite web |title=Prunus cerasoides - Useful Tropical Plants |url=https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Prunus+cerasoides |website=tropical.theferns.info}}</ref><ref name="MDPI2022">{{Cite journal|last1=Tiansawat |first1=Pimonrat |last2=Elliott |first2=Stephen D. |last3=Wangpakapattanawong |first3=Prasit |title=Climate Niche Modelling for Mapping Potential Distributions of Four Framework Tree Species: Implications for Planning Forest Restoration in Tropical and Subtropical Asia|journal=Forests|volume=13|issue=7|pages=993|year=2022|publisher=MDPI|doi=10.3390/f13070993|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Fore...13..993T }}</ref>

==Description==
''Prunus cerasoides'' is a tree which grows up to {{cvt|30|m|ft|-1}} in height. It has glossy, ringed bark. When the tree is not in flower, it is characterised by glossy, ringed bark and long, dentate [[stipules]].{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The tree flowers twice a year, during autumn and spring. First flowering blooms between the months of January to April and second flowering blooms between September and November.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kurniawan |first1=V |title= Phenology and morphological flower of Prunus cerasoides Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don|journal= IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science|date=16 May 2021 |volume=948 |issue=1 |page=8 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/948/1/012047 |bibcode=2021E&ES..948a2047K |s2cid=245259406 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Flowers are [[hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] and are pinkish white in color. It has ovoid yellow fruit that turns red as it ripens.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Distribution==
''Prunus cerasoides'' is native to south-western China, Myanmar, northern Thailand, Laos, extending westward towards the central Himalayas in India and Nepal, in both temperate zones and tropical highlands.<ref name="tropicalplants"/><ref name="MDPI2022"/> The species is not native to areas further west of India, where other [[Prunus]] species begin to dominate.<ref name="Gilani2021">{{Cite journal|last1=Gilani|first1=Syed|title=A molecular phylogeny of selected species of Genus Prunus L. (Rosaceae) from Pakistan using the TRN-L & TRN-F spacer DNA|journal=International Journal of Unani and Integrative Medicine|volume=5|issue=2|pages=24–27|year=2021|url=https://journal-backups.lon1.digitaloceanspaces.com/uploads/main/article/article1380881162_Gilani%20et%20al.pdf|access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref><ref name="MDPI2022"></ref>

A 2022 study on implications for planning forest restoration in tropical and subtropical Asia noted ''Prunus cerasoides'' as one of the four suitable trees for forest restoration in both island and mainland Southeast Asia.<ref name="MDPI2022"></ref>

==Cultivation==

''Prunus cerasoides'' thrives in well-drained and moisture-retentive loamy soil, in an open, sunny, and sheltered location.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

''P. cerasoides'', like most members of the genus ''[[Prunus]]'', is shallow rooted and is likely to produce suckers if the root is damaged. It is likely to become [[Chlorosis|chlorotic]] if too much [[Lime (mineral)|lime]] is present. It is known to be susceptible to [[honey fungus]].{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

The seed requires two to three months cold [[Stratification (botany)|stratification]] and is best sown in a [[cold frame]] as early in winter as possible. The seed grows rather slowly and can sometimes take about 18 months to germinate depending on the conditions.{{citation needed|date=December 2023}}

==Culture ==
In [[India]], Prunus cerasoides is known in [[Hindi]] as ''padam'', ''pajja'', ''pahhiya'' or ''padmakashtha'' has cultural and religious significance.<ref name="Navendu Pāgé">{{cite web |last=Pāgé |first=Navendu |title=''Cerasus cerasoids'' – Wild Himalayan Cherry |url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wild%20Himalayan%20Cherry.html |access-date=9 July 2014 |publisher=Flowers of India}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN | ''Prunus cerasoides'' | 29865 | access-date=24 January 2014}}</ref> Among Hindus in Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, it is considered sacred and associated with [[Vishnu]] and [[Shiva]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Tree |first=Kafal |date=2020-12-23 |title=पैयाँ की टहनियों बिना पहाड़ियों की शादी का मंडप अधूरा रहता है |url=https://www.kafaltree.com/paiya-padam-tree-religious-importance-in-uttarakhand/ |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=Kafal Tree |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Trees In Indian Art Mythology And Folklore, Bansi Lal Malla (2000), p.56</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Joseph |first1=Nino |title=Prunus cerasoides D. Don: A Review on Its Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322797785 |website=researchgate |publisher=International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research |access-date=14 January 2018}}</ref> During [[Maha Shivaratri]], the leaves are used to make a wreath with wild citrus fruits, which is hung at the prayer altar. They are also seen in [[Kodaikanal]] in south India.<ref>{{cite web |title=Painting Kodaikanal pink in spring |url=https://maverickbird.com/india/south/tamil-nadu/painting-kodaikanal-pink-in-spring |website=Maverickbird |date=17 January 2020}}</ref>

In Hindi and Sanskrit it is known as ''padma, padmakh, pajja, pahhiya, padmakashtha, charu, hima, kaidra, padmagandi''. In Nepali it is known as ''paiyu''. In Khasi and Mizo languages it is known as ''dieng kaditusoo'' and ''tlaizawng''.<ref name="Navendu Pāgé2">{{cite web |last=Pāgé |first=Navendu |title=''Cerasus cerasoids'' – Wild Himalayan Cherry |url=http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Wild%20Himalayan%20Cherry.html |access-date=9 July 2014 |publisher=Flowers of India}}</ref>

Prunus cerasoides cherry blossom festivals are held in India during the months of October–November.<ref>{{cite web |last=Banerjee |first=Ananda |date=11 November 2016 |title=Cherry blossom festival |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/GpIviaBFwmmj0HSfL8Sk9N/Lounge-loves-Indias-first-cherry-blossom-festival.html |access-date=12 Nov 2016 |publisher=Livemint}}</ref> [[Shillong]] is notable for its annual prunus cerasoides cherry blossom festival held during the month of November.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kamei |first=Precious |title=Shillong Cherry Blossom Festival |date=30 October 2018 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/outlooktraveller/explore/story/62059/shillong-cherry-blossom-festival |access-date=13 December 2018 |publisher=outlookindia}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Shahani |first=Shradha |date=2 November 2018 |title=Cherry blossom festival takes place this month |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/indias-cherry-blossom-festival-takes-place-month |access-date=2 November 2018 |publisher=cntraveller}}</ref>

'''Religious Significance in Uttarakhand'''

The tree is referred to as "पंय्यां" in the [[Himalayan states|Himalayan State]] of [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]], and is regarded as a holy tree by various groups in both the [[Garhwal Himalayas|Garhwal]] and [[Kumaon division|Kumaon]] region. The tree is also worshipped exclusively by shilpkars or doms in certain regions of the state.

''Cerasoides'' is among the few trees in the region that remain blooming at the height of winters during, December and January and hence is worshipped for its resilience. The tree is traditionally never chopped down in Uttarakhand because of it religious significance, only branches can be cut if there arises a requirement of its leaves, flowers or wood.

The Cerasoides is regarded as the tree of the gods in Uttarakhand. Acharya Manu notes "when all the trees drop their leaves during the harsh winter season, flowers grow in the leaves of the tree." The use of its wood in the wedding hall symbolizes strength and happiness in the new life of the bride and groom.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}

Its stalk is also used one way or another in Yajnopaveet, [[Jagar (ritual)|Jagar]] and Baisi. Among the instruments played in religious programs, Lukudi made of wood of Paiyan tree is considered to be the most sacred. Apart from this, the garlands used in homes during the house warming yajns, yagyopaveet etc. are also made from paiyan leaves.

The leaves are also used as incense.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Verma |first1=Shruti |title=Celebrating Shivratri the Pahari style |url=http://www.himvani.com/47766/want-celebrate-shivratri-pahari-way-heres-cheat-sheet/ |website=himvani.com |date=13 February 2018 |access-date=13 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Jishtu |first1=Vaneet |title=Padmakh (Pajja) – An Amazing Native Autumn Flowering Tree From Shimla Hills |url=https://hillpost.in/2016/12/padmakh-pajja-an-amazing-native-autumn-flowering-tree-from-shimla-hills/107746/ |website=hillpost.in |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Village weddings are considered incomplete without having been decorated with the branches and leaves from the tree. Among the instruments played in religious ceremonies, ''lukudi'' made from the wood of pahhiya tree is considered to be the most sacred.<ref name=":0" />

==Uses==

===Food===
* Fruit — 15mm in diameter, the fruit can be eaten raw or cooked.
* Gum — Gum is chewed and obtained from the trunk. It can be employed as a substitute for gum [[tragacanth]].
* Seed — It can be eaten raw or cooked.

===Other uses===
The fruits and the leaves give a dark green dye. Seeds can be used in the manufacture of necklaces.

The wood is hard, strong, durable and aromatic, and branches are used as walking sticks.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Prunus cerasoides}}
* {{PFAF|Prunus cerasoides}}
* {{Cite journal| last1 = Ali| first1 = Liaqat| last2 = Shaheen| first2 = Farzana| title = Isolation and Structure Elucidation of a New Triterpenoid from ''Prunus cerasoides'' D. Don| journal = Records of Natural Products| volume = 7| issue = 2| pages = 80–85| year = 2013| date = 2013-03-15| url = https://www.acgpubs.org/doc/2018080813160312-RNP-1210-187.pdf| publisher = Academy of Chemistry of Globe Publications| issn = 1307-6167| access-date = 2026-04-21}}
* {{Cite journal |doi = 10.1094/PDIS-91-12-1686C|pmid = 30780621|title = Wild Himalayan Cherry (''Prunus cerasoides'') as a natural host of ''Prunus'' necrotic ringspot virus in India|journal = Plant Disease|volume = 91|issue = 12|page = 1686|year = 2007|last1 = Chandel|first1 = V.|last2 = Rana|first2 = T.|last3 = Hallan|first3 = V.|last4 = Zaidi|first4 = A. A.| bibcode=2007PlDis..91.1686C |doi-access = }}

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q150149|from2=Q15228348|from3=Q39779558|from4=Q50838095}}

[[Category:Prunus|cerasoides]]
[[Category:Cherries]]
[[Category:Sour fruits]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
[[Category:Flora of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Flora of Indo-China]]
[[Category:Garden plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Ornamental trees]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1825]]

Palnati Surya Pratap

2026-04-20T05:46:56Z

Kristie5701: Added The Post V1!

{{short description|Indian film director and screenwriter (born 1978)}}
{{EngvarB|date=June 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Palnati Surya Pratap
| image = Surya_Pratap_Palnati_Kumari21F.jpg

| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1978|1|13}}
| birth_place = [[Bhadrachalam]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (now [[Telangana]]), India<ref>{{cite web|title=Pratap Exclusive Interview|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oMcNYrYxKuY|website=YouTube|publisher=idreammovies.com|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>
| occupation = [[Film director]], [[Screenwriter]]
| years_active = 2009–present
| children = 2
| spouse = {{marriage|Sarika Pratap|2012}}
}}

'''Palnati Surya Pratap''' (born 13 January 1978) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who predominantly works in [[Telugu cinema]]. He celebrated for his nuanced storytelling and ability to craft emotionally resonant love stories. Known as a "sensible film-maker," he brings depth and relatability to his films, setting him apart in contemporary Telugu cinema.

Pratap made his directorial debut with ''[[Current (2009 film)|Current]]'' (2009) a film that showcased a youthful narrative. He followed this success with ''[[Kumari 21F]]'' (2015), which gained acclaim for its fresh take on romance, earning him recognition as a sensitive storyteller. His recent directorial work was ''[[18 Pages]]'' (2022).<ref>{{cite news|title=Kumari 21 F |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/kumari-21-f/article7897446.ece|access-date=30 July 2016|agency=The Hindu|work=The Hindu|date=2015-11-20}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
After his graduation, Pratap worked with [[All India Radio]] for over an year. To pursue a career in film making, he discontinued his post-graduation and started as an [[Assistant Director]] for [[Suresh Productions]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Palnati Surya Pratap Interview|url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/interview-palnatisuryapratap.html|website=idlebrain.com|publisher=Copyright 1999 - 2015 Idlebrain.com. All rights reserved|access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref>

== Career ==
After ''Current'', he earned acclaim for ''Kumari 21F''. However, both ''Current'' and ''[[18 Pages]]'' (2022) were released to mixed reviews.

== Filmography ==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Film
!Notes
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Current (2009 film)|Current]]''
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Kumari 21F]]''
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[18 Pages]]''
|
|-
| 2026
| ''[[Working Project]]''
|
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb name|7709337}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pratap, Palnati Surya}}
[[Category:1978 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu film directors]]
[[Category:Telugu screenwriters]]
[[Category:Film directors from Telangana]]
[[Category:Screenwriters from Telangana]]
[[Category:People from Bhadradri Kothagudem district]]

Jawahir Singh

2026-04-20T01:23:38Z

Kristie5701:

{{short description|Maharawal of Jaisalmer (1914 - 1949)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Jawahir Singh
| title = [[Chhatrala Yadupati]] Rukn-ud-Daula Maharajadhiraja Raj-Rajeshwar Parama Bhattarak Muzaffar Jang Bijaimand
| image = Jawahir_Singh.jpg
| alt = Jawahir Singh in 1936
| caption = Singh in 1936
| succession = [[Maharawal]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]]
| reign = 26 June 1914 – 17 February 1949
| predecessor = [[Shalivahan Singh]]
| successor = [[Girdhar Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1882|11|18|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1949|02|17|1882|11|18|df=yes}}
| spouse =
| issue = {{ubl|[[Girdhar Singh]]|[[Hukam Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Hukum Singh]]}}
| house = {{flagicon image|Jaisalmer_Flag.svg}} [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]]
| signature = Jawahir_Singh's_signature.png
| signature_alt = Jawahir's signature in black ink
| spouse 2 = Yadu Kanwar
| spouse 1 = Lakshmi Kanwar
| spouse 3 = Kalyan Kanwar
| dynasty = [[Bhati]]
| module = {{Infobox person | embed=yes
| education = [[Mayo College]] [[Imperial Cadet Corps]]}}
}}

'''Jawahir Singh''' (18 November 1882 – 17 February 1949) was [[Maharawal]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]] from 26 June 1914 until his death in 1949.

== Early life, family, and education ==
He was born on 18 November 1882 to Sardar Singh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Solomon |first1=R. V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=47sfj8DUwNgC |title=Indian States: A Biographical, Historical, and Administrative Survey |last2=Bond |first2=J. W. |date=2006 |publisher=Asian Educational Services |isbn=978-81-206-1965-4 |pages=329 |language=en}}</ref> He was adopted by Man Singh, the [[Thakur (title)|Thakur]] of Eta, in 1889.<ref name=":0" /> He was educated at [[Mayo College]], [[Ajmer]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.127533 |title=Rajputana And Ajmer List Of Ruling Princes, Chiefs And Leading Personages |date=1931 |pages=86|edition=six }}</ref> He left the school after he was selected to join the [[Imperial Cadet Corps]] on 2 January 1902.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ajmer-Merwara (India) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hfo4AQAAMAAJ |title=Report on the Administration of Ajmer-Merwara |date=1903 |pages=34 |language=en}}</ref> He married thrice: firstly to Lakshmi Kanwar, secondly to Yadu Kanwar, from [[Umerkot|Amarkot]]; and thirdly to Kalyan Kanwar, a granddaughter of HH Maharao [[Ram Singh Bundi|Ram Singh]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]], in November 1919.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=JAISALMER |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaisalmer.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718093208/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/j/jaisalmer.html |archive-date=2017-07-18 |access-date=2025-06-11 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> By his wives, he had two sons: [[Girdhar Singh]] and [[Hukam Singh (Rajasthan politician)|Hukum Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehta |first=N. k |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35970 |title=Report Of The Administration Of The Jaisalmer State (1934) |date=1934 |pages=1}}</ref>

== Reign ==
When [[Shalivahan Singh]] died, the [[throne]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]] became vacant, as he left behind neither an heir by blood nor by adoption to succeed him.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Not Available |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35692 |title=Memoranda On The Indian States 1921 |date=1922 |pages=124}}</ref> The [[British government of India|Government of India]], after consulting the nobles of the [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]], selected him as the successor to the [[throne]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sehgal |first=K. k |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.120390 |title=Rajasthan District Gazetteers Jaisalmer |date=1961 |pages=49–50}}</ref> Accordingly, his succession as the [[Maharawal]] of [[Kingdom of Jaisalmer|Jaisalmer]] was announced on 26 June 1914, and he was formally installed by the Agent to the [[Governor-General of India]] on 9 July 1914.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" />

== Death ==
He died on 17 February 1949 and was succeeded by his son [[Girdhar Singh]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Somānī |first=Rāmavallabha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3QRwAAAAMAAJ |title=History of Jaisalmer |date=1990 |publisher=Panchsheel Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7056-070-8 |pages=99 |language=en}}</ref>

== Honours ==
He was made a [[Knight Commander]] of the [[Order of the Star of India]] on 1 January 1918.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
<references />
[[Category: 1882 births]]
[[Category: 1949 deaths]]
[[Category: People from British India]]
[[Category:People from Rajasthan]]
[[Category: Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category: Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of the Star of India]]
[[Category:Jaisalmer]]

Mumbai Central Lok Sabha constituency

2026-04-19T16:07:51Z

Kristie5701: made a post.

{{Short description|Former constituency of the Indian parliament in Maharashtra}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}

{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Bombay Central
| type = LS
| constituency_no =
| state = Maharashtra
| district = [[Bombay district|Bombay]]
| established = 1957
| abolished = 1977
}}

'''Bombay Central Lok Sabha constituency''' was one of the [[Lok Sabha]] constituencies in [[Bombay State]], later in [[Maharashtra]] (1960 onwards). It became defunct in 1977 when constituency boundaries were redrawn.

== Members of Parliament ==

{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+
|-
! Year !! Member !! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1951–52 Indian general election|1952]]|| colspan="3" |''Did not exist''
|-
! colspan=4|Bombay City Central Lok Sabha constituency
|-
| rowspan=2|[[1957 Indian general election|1957]]<ref name="elections1957">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1957-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=1957 India General Elections Results|accessdate=2020-06-25}}</ref> || [[Shripad Amrit Dange]]|| {{Party name with color|Communist Party of India}}
|-
| Gopal Kaluji Manay || {{Party name with color|All India Scheduled Caste Federation}}
|-
| [[1962 Indian general election|1962]]|| colspan="3" |''Did not exist''
|-
! colspan=4|Bombay Central Lok Sabha constituency
|-
| [[1967 Indian general election|1967]]|| rowspan="2" |[[R. D. Bhandare]]|| {{Party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1971 Indian general election|1971]]
|-
!colspan=4| 1977 onwards didn't exist
|-
|}

== Election results ==

=== 1957 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1957 Indian general election]]: Bombay City Central}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Communist Party of India
|candidate=Shripad Amrit Dange{{efn|Seat 1 of 2 membered constituency}}
|votes=323526
|percentage=30.64
|change=}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=All India Scheduled Caste Federation
|candidate=Gopal Kaluji Manay{{efn|Seat 2 of 2 membered constituency}}
|votes=303875
|percentage=28.78
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=Narayanrao Sadoba Kajrolkar
|votes=2,09,769
|percentage=19.87
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=Gangadhar Dattatraya Ambekar
|votes=1,87,241
|percentage=17.74
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=Nilkanth Baburao Parulekar
|votes=15,881
|percentage=1.50
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=Sudhir Laxman Hendre
|votes=15,440
|percentage=1.46
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
|candidate=E. M. Awati
|votes=0
|percentage=0.00
|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes=
|percentage=
|change=
}}
{{Election box total valid
|votes=10,55,732}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes=
|percentage=}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=10,55,732
|percentage=67.41
|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors= 7,83,116
|change=
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner=Communist Party of India
|loser=
|swing= }}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner=All India Scheduled Caste Federation
|loser=
|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1967 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Indian general election]]: Bombay Central<ref name="elections1967">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1967-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=1967 India General Elections Results|accessdate=2020-06-25}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=[[R. D. Bhandare]]
|votes=158060
|percentage=45.48
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Republican Party of India
|candidate=P. K. Atre
|votes=1,51,108
|percentage=43.48
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=B. C. Kamble
|votes=38,405
|percentage=11.05
|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes=6,952
|percentage=2.00
|change=
}}
{{Election box total valid
|votes=3,47,573}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes=10,266
|percentage=2.87}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=3,57,839
|percentage=68.75
|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors= 5,20,524
|change=
}}
{{Election box new seat win
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser=
|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

=== 1971 ===

{{Election box begin|title= [[1971 Indian general election]]: Bombay Central<ref name="elections1971">{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/parliamentary-constituencies/1971-election-results.html|website=elections.in|title=1971 India General Elections Results|accessdate=2020-06-25}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
|party=Indian National Congress
|candidate=[[R. D. Bhandare]]
|votes=216114
|percentage=61.35
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Shiva Sena
|candidate=Manohar Joshi
|votes=11,6572
|percentage=33.09
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=B. C. Kamble
|votes=15,144
|percentage=4.30
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
|candidate=Gangaram Dasharath Ghokshe
|votes=2,744
|percentage=0.78
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=Ramaswamy Kamala
|votes=922
|percentage=0.26
|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
|party=Independent politician
|candidate=Yeshwant Trimbak Pradhan
|votes=788
|percentage=0.22
|change=}}
{{Election box margin of victory
|votes=99,542
|percentage=28.26
|change=
}}
{{Election box total valid
|votes=3,52,284}}
{{Election box rejected
|votes=5,054
|percentage=1.41}}
{{Election box turnout
|votes=3,57,338
|percentage=64.91
|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors= 5,50,555
|change=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
|winner=Indian National Congress
|loser=
|swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==

* [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

== Notes ==

{{Notelist}}

== References ==

{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081218010942/http://www.eci.gov.in/StatisticalReports/ElectionStatistics.asp Election Statistics], [[Election Commission of India]]

{{Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|19.00|72.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Former Lok Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Former constituencies of the Lok Sabha]]

Durai Chandrasekar

2026-04-19T06:23:04Z

Kristie5701: new.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Durai Chandrasekar
| office = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 12 May 2021
| term_end =
| constituency = [[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| predecessor = [[P. Balaraman]]
| father = M. Durai
| occupation = [[Advocate]]
| spouse = C. Subashini
| children = C. Sachin Duraisamy C. Jothsana
| profession = [[Lawyer]]
| alma_mater = [[Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai]] Sir Theagaraya College
}}

'''Durai Chandrasekar''' is an Indian politician who is a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of Legislative Assembly]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. He was elected from [[Ponneri Assembly constituency|Ponneri]] as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate in 2021.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title= Form 21E (Return of Election) |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211222055858/https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC002.pdf |url= https://www.elections.tn.gov.in/Form21E_TNLA2021/AC002.pdf|access-date= 1 May 2022 |archive-date=22 Dec 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ponneri Election Result |url= https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2021/tamil-nadu/-s22a002|access-date= 1 May 2022}}</ref>

==Electoral performance ==
{{transcluded section|source=Ponneri Assembly constituency}}
{{trim|{{#section-h:Ponneri Assembly constituency|2021}}}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandrasekar, Durai}}
[[Category:Tamil Nadu MLAs 2021–2026]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu]]

{{TamilNadu-INC-politician-stub}}

Hari Nagar Assembly constituency

2026-04-18T23:43:36Z

Kristie5701: made a data

{{Short description|Constituency of the Delhi legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Hari Nagar
|state=Delhi
|loksabha_cons=[[West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency|West Delhi]]
|established=1951
|mla= [[Shyam Sharma (politician)|Shyam Sharma]]
|latest_election_year=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|party= [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|type = SLA
| reservation = None
| constituency_no = 28
}}
'''Hari Nagar/H-Town''' is one of the 70 [[Delhi Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of the [[National Capital Territory]] in northern India. It is also known as H-Town.

==Overview==
Present geographical structure of Hari Nagar constituency came into existence in 2008 as a part of the implementation of the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002.<ref name="eci1">{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008|publisher=The Election Commission of India|page=549}}</ref>

Hari Nagar is part of [[West Delhi (Lok Sabha constituency)|West Delhi Lok Sabha constituency]] along with nine other Assembly segments, namely, [[Uttam Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Uttam Nagar]], [[Rajouri Garden (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rajouri Garden]], [[Madipur (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Madipur]], [[Tilak Nagar (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Tilak Nagar]], [[Janakpuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Janakpuri]], [[Vikaspuri (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Vikaspuri]], [[Dwarka (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Dwarka]], [[Matiala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Matiala]] and [[Najafgarh (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Najafgarh]].

==Members of Legislative Assembly==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year!!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Delhi Assembly Election 2020 - State Wise and Party Wise Results |url=https://www.elections.in/delhi/assembly-constituencies/hari-nagar.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>!! colspan="2" |Party
|-
| [[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=4}}
|-
| [[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2008]]
|-
| [[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Jagdeep Singh (politician)|Jagdeep Singh]]
| {{Full party name with color|Aam Aadmi Party|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2015]]
|-
| [[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2020]]
| [[Raj Kumari Dhillon]]

|-
| [[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|2025]]
|[[Shyam Sharma (politician)|Shyam Sharma]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
=== 2025 ===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2025 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2025]]: [[Hari Nagar]]<ref name="Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Hari Nagar">{{cite news |title=Delhi Assembly Elections Results 2025 - Hari Nagar |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0528.htm |access-date=13 March 2025 |work= |publisher=Election Commission of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313080304/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenFeb2025/candidateswise-U0528.htm |archive-date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Hari Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025">{{cite news |title=Hari Nagar Constituency Election Results 2025 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/hari-nagar |access-date=13 March 2025 |publisher=The Times of India |date=8 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250313080310/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/constituency-show/hari-nagar |archive-date=13 March 2025 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|
candidate= Shyam Sharma
|votes= 50,179
|percentage= 48.7
|change= {{Increase}}13.63
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = Surinder Kumar Setia
| votes = 43,547
| percentage = 42.3
| change = {{decrease}}11.37
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Prem Sharma|votes=4,252|percentage=4.1|change={{decrease}}5.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Independent
| candidate = Raj Kumari Dhillon
| votes = 3,398
| percentage = 3.3
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=NOTA|candidate=None of the above|votes=713|percentage=0.4|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=6,632|percentage=6.5|change={{decrease}}12.17}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,02,327|percentage=60.9|change={{decrease}}0.96}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = BJP
| swing = BJP
}}
{{Election box end}}

<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2020 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2020"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2020 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2020]]: [[Hari Nagar]]}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Raj Kumari Dhillon]]
| votes = 58,087
| percentage = 53.67
| change = -4.75
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Tajinder Bagga|votes=37,956|percentage=35.07|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Surinder Kumar Setia|votes=10,394|percentage=9.60|change=+4.08}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=592|percentage=0.55|change=+0.03}}
{{Election box majority||votes=20,131|percentage=18.67|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,08,375|percentage=61.86|change=-6.44}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = -4.75
}}
{{Election box end}}

<section end="Assembly Election 2020"/>

=== 2015 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2015"/>
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2015 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2015]]: [[Hari Nagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[Jagdeep Singh (politician)|Jagdeep Singh]]
| votes = 65,814
| percentage = 58.42
| change = +19.61
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| candidate = Avtar Singh Hit
| votes = 39,318
| percentage = 34.90
| change = +4.94
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Chander Prakash
| votes = 6,221
| percentage = 5.52
| change = -17.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Jai Prakash Manav
| votes = 559
| percentage = 0.49
| change = -1.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Baljeet Kaur
| votes = 152
| percentage = 0.13
| change = ''N/A''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None of the above
| votes = 591
| percentage = 0.52
| change = -0.40
}}
{{Election box majority|
| votes = 26,496
| percentage = 23.52
| change = +14.67
}}
{{Election box turnout|
| votes = 1,11,805
| percentage =68.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| swing = +19.61
}}
{{Election box end}}

<section end="Assembly Election 2015"/>

=== 2013 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2013"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2013 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2013]]: [[Hari Nagar]]}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Aam Aadmi Party
| candidate = [[ Jagdeep Singh (politician)|Jagdeep Singh]]
| votes = 38,912
| percentage = 38.81
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiromani Akali Dal
| candidate = Shyam Sharma
| votes = 30,036
| percentage = 29.96
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| votes = 23,111
| percentage = 23.05
| change = -4.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Satpal Singh
| votes = 4,649
| percentage = 4.64
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Shubh Karan
| votes = 1,874
| percentage = 1.87
| change = -6.02
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Raj Lakshmi Sharma
| votes = 464
| percentage = 0.46
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Rashtriya Bahujan Hitay Party
| candidate = Neeraj Kapoor
| votes = 295
| percentage = 0.29
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = None of the above
| candidate = None
| votes = 919
| percentage = 0.92
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 8,876
| percentage = 8.85
| change = -26.24
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 1,00,295
| percentage = 66.69
| change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
| winner = Aam Aadmi Party
| loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

<section end="Assembly Election 2013"/>

=== 2008 ===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2008"/> <section end="Assembly Election 2008"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2008 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2008]]: Hari Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2008/stats_DL_2008.pdf 2008 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| votes = 51,364
| percentage = 62.67
| change = +7.81
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Ramesh Lamba
| votes = 22,606
| percentage = 27.58
| change = -15.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Prem Sharma
| votes = 6,464
| percentage = 7.89
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sumit Chugh
| votes = 401
| percentage = 0.49
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal (United)
| candidate = Feroz Khan
| votes = 287
| percentage = 0.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Rajinder Singh
| votes = 212
| percentage = 0.26
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jasvinder Singh
| votes = 198
| percentage = 0.24
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Satish Kapoor
| votes = 175
| percentage = 0.21
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gurpreet Singh
| votes = 133
| percentage = 0.16
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Chandra Prakash
| votes = 114
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 28,758
| percentage = 35.09
| change = -23.79
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 81,954
| percentage = 57.2
| change = -1.41
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +7.81
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2003===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 2003"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[2003 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 2003]]: Hari Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_NOV_2003/StatisticalReports_DEL_Nov2003.pdf 2003 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| votes = 32,971
| percentage = 54.86
| change = +5.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = O P Wadhwa Advocate
| votes = 26,180
| percentage = 43.56
| change = -5.18
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ambika
| votes = 342
| percentage = 0.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Nationalist Congress Party
| candidate = Prakash Chauhan
| votes = 281
| percentage = 0.47
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Brij Raj Bhola
| votes = 138
| percentage = 0.23
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Devender Singh Yadav
| votes = 105
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Gulshan Kumar
| votes = 85
| percentage = 0.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 6,791
| percentage = 11.30
| change = +10.25
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 60,102
| percentage = 58.61
| change = +6.98
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = +5.07
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2003"/>

===1998===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1998"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1998 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1998]]: Hari Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-DEL98.pdf 1998 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| votes = 29,136
| percentage = 49.79
| change = -9.56
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = O P Wadhwa
| votes = 28,519
| percentage = 48.74
| change = +21.59
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Samajwadi Party
| candidate = Rajinder Singh
| votes = 333
| percentage = 0.57
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Afroz Khan
| votes = 242
| percentage = 0.41
| change = -4.73
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Navrung Paul
| votes = 129
| percentage = 0.22
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Pankaj Kumar
| votes = 110
| percentage = 0.19
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Ashwani Khanna
| votes = 49
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 617
| percentage = 1.05
| change = -31.15
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 58,518
| percentage = 51.63
| change = -11.12
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing = -9.56
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 1998"/>

===1993===
 <section begin="Assembly Election 1993"/>
{{Election box begin | title=[[1993 Delhi Legislative Assembly election|Delhi Assembly elections, 1993]]: Hari Nagar<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatRep_DL_93.pdf 1993 Election Commission of India]</ref>}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bharatiya Janata Party
| candidate = [[Harsharan Singh Balli]]
| votes = 31,150
| percentage = 59.35
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian National Congress
| candidate = Onkar Singh Thapar
| votes = 14,251
| percentage = 27.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Janata Dal
| candidate = Gurcharan Singh Bannar
| votes = 2,697
| percentage = 5.14
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Bahujan Samaj Party
| candidate = Gurudayal
| votes = 997
| percentage = 1.90
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Indian Congress (Socialist)
| candidate = Jai Dev Vashist
| votes = 778
| percentage = 1.48
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Shiv Sena
| candidate = Satish Kumar Murria
| votes = 722
| percentage = 1.38
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jayant T George
| votes = 479
| percentage = 0.91
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Hemat Kumar Bhardwan
| votes = 328
| percentage = 0.62
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Prakash Baradia
| votes = 213
| percentage = 0.41
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shiv Kumar
| votes = 156
| percentage = 0.30
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Kanwaljit Singh
| votes = 89
| percentage = 0.17
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Harjeet Singh Romi
| votes = 79
| percentage = 0.15
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Deepak Sabharwal
| votes = 66
| percentage = 0.13
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = D C Baradia
| votes = 60
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Doordarshi Party
| candidate = Raj Pal
| votes = 57
| percentage = 0.11
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Om Narain Singh
| votes = 55
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Iqbal Singh
| votes = 51
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Manjit Singh
| votes = 50
| percentage = 0.10
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sunita Sharma
| votes = 44
| percentage = 0.08
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Avtar Singh
| votes = 31
| percentage = 0.06
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Shubh Chintak Kumar
| votes = 23
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Anjna Kohli
| votes = 19
| percentage = 0.04
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Jasbir Singh
| votes = 15
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Chander Prakash
| votes = 14
| percentage = 0.03
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Pradeep Sahni
| votes = 12
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = D L Bhatia
| votes = 11
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = K S Walia
| votes = 10
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Balbir Singh Bir
| votes = 9
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = S N Premi
| votes = 9
| percentage = 0.02
| change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent (politician)
| candidate = Sudarshan Khurana
| votes = 7
| percentage = 0.01
| change =
}}
{{Election box majority
| votes = 16,899
| percentage = 32.20
| change =
}}
{{Election box turnout
| votes = 52,482
| percentage = 62.75
| change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link
| winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
| swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 1993"/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of New Delhi}}
{{coords|28.626|77.111|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:West Delhi district]]
[[Category:Politics of Delhi]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1993]]
[[Category:1993 establishments in Delhi]]

Gauhati East Assembly constituency

2026-04-15T23:39:49Z

Kristie5701: stub

{{Short description|Constituency of the Assam legislative assembly in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Gauhati East
| constituency_no = 53
| type = SLA
| map_image = Gauhati East Assembly constituency map.svg
| state = [[Assam]]
| latest_election_year = [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency|Gauhati]]
| district = [[Kamrup Metropolitan district|Kamrup Metropolitan]]
| established = 1967
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla =
| party =
| alliance =
| electors =
| abolished= 2023
}}
'''Gauhati East Assembly constituency''' was one of the 126 assembly constituencies of [[Assam]] a northeast state of [[India]]. Gauhati East was also part of [[Gauhati Lok Sabha constituency]]. The Gauhati East constituency was the only fully urban Legislative Assembly constituency of Assam. Located in the heart of the city of [[Guwahati]], the capital city of Assam, the constituency included areas such as Pan Bazar, Uzan Bazar, Fancy Bazar, Paltan Bazar, etc. which made it the most prestigious of all the Legislative Assembly Constituencies of Assam.

This constituency was abolished in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eci.gov.in/Documents/Delimitation/DELIMITATIONASSAM_UPDATED.pdf|title=Delimitation of Parliamentary & Assembly Constituencies of State of Assam|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|access-date = 2025-11-28}}</ref>

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{|class ="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Name
! colspan=2| Party
|-
| [[1967 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| [[Mahendra Mohan Choudhry]]
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1972 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1972]]
| Atul Chandrasaikia
|-
| [[1978 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| [[Ajoy Kumar Dutta]]
| {{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1983 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1983]]
| Munin Sarmah
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1985 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| [[Biraj Kumar Sarma]]
| {{party name with color|Independent}}
|-
| [[1991 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1991]]
| Chitta Ranjan Patowari
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1996 Assam Legislative Assembly election|1996]]
| [[Biraj Kumar Sarma]]
| {{full party name with color|Asom Gana Parishad}}
|-
| [[2001 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2001]]
| [[Pankaj Bora]]
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2006 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2006]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Robin Bordoloi]]
|-
| [[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2011]]
|-
| [[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2016]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
| {{full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2021 Assam Legislative Assembly election|2021]]
|-
! colspan="4"| ''Constituency abolished''
|-
|}

==Election results==
===2016===
{{Election box begin |title=[[2016 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Gauhati East}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
|votes = 1,27,602
|percentage = 78.49
|change = +44.20
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Bobbeeta Sharma
|votes = 30,965
|percentage = 19.05
|change = -18.38
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = [[None of the above|None of the Above]]
|votes = 1,288
|percentage = 0.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 96,637
|percentage = 59.44
|change = +56.30
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,62,579
|percentage = 75.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,16,521
}}
{{Election box gain with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Indian National Congress
|swing = +12.93
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2011===
{{Election box begin|
title=[[2011 Assam Legislative Assembly election]]: Gauhati East}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = [[Robin Bordoloi|Captain Robin Bordoloi]]
|votes = 47,727
|percentage = 37.44
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Siddhartha Bhattacharya]]
|votes = 43,730
|percentage = 34.30
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Asom Gana Parishad
|candidate = [[Queen Oja]]
|votes = 29,644
|percentage = 23.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Communist Party of India
|candidate = Upendra Nath Talukdar
|votes = 1,795
|percentage = 1.41
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = All India Trinamool Congress
|candidate = Kailash Kanta Sarma
|votes = 1,318
|percentage = 1.03
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Nationalist Congress Party
|candidate = Dhiren Deb Adhikari
|votes = 794
|percentage = 0.62
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bhupen Sarma
|votes = 607
|percentage = 0.48
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Tutu Sarkar
|votes = 505
|percentage = 0.40
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Kaji Nekib Ahmed
|votes = 419
|percentage = 0.33
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Bhupen Boro
|votes = 353
|percentage = 0.28
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Samajwadi Party
|candidate = Umesh Chandra Das
|votes = 322
|percentage = 0.25
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Independent (politician)
|candidate = Jayanta Kumar Barua
|votes = 261
|percentage = 0.20
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 3,997
|percentage = 3.14
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,27,475
|percentage = 61.08
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Indian National Congress
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Gauhati]]
* [[List of constituencies of Assam Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |title=Results of all Assam Assembly elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/67-assam/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Assam}}

{{coord|26.17|91.82|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Assam]]
[[Category:Kamrup Metropolitan district| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Assam]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Assam]]
[[Category:Guwahati]]

Gotam Tetwal

2026-04-15T19:27:02Z

Kristie5701: stub.

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Gautam Tetwal
| office1 = Minister of State (I/C), [[Government of Madhya Pradesh]]
| term_start1 = 25 December 2023
| term_end1 =
| 1blankname1 = Chief Minister
| 1namedata1 = [[Mohan Yadav]]
| constituency1 = [[Sarangpur Assembly constituency|Sarangpur]]
| office2 = Member of the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency3 = [[Sarangpur Assembly constituency|Sarangpur]]
| term_start2 = 2023
| predecessor2 = Kunwarji Kothar
| constituency2 = [[Sarangpur Assembly constituency|Sarangpur]]
| term_start3 = 2008
| term_end3 = 2013
| predecessor3 = Amar Singh Kothar
| successor3 = Kunwarji Kothar
}}
'''Gotam Tetwal''' is an Indian politician from Madhya Pradesh. He is a two time elected [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|member of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from [[2008 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2008]] and [[2023 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2023]], representing [[Sarangpur Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarangpur assembly election results 2023: Sarangpur Winning Candidates List and Vote Share |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/madhya-pradesh/sarangpur-assembly-result-12164 |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sarangpur Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Sarangpur Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/madhya-pradesh-assembly-election/sarangpur-constituency/ |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of chief ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
* [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Tetwal, Gotam}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{MadhyaPradesh-BJP-politician-stub}}

Salona Kushwaha

2026-04-12T00:09:11Z

Kristie5701: info

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Salona Kushwaha
| office = Member of the [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly]]
| image = Salona Kushwaha.png
| constituency = [[Tilhar (Assembly constituency)|Tilhar]]
| predecessor = [[Roshan Lal Verma]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| spouse = Dr. Ram Singh Kushwaha
| profession = * [[Politician]]
| term_start = 10 March 2022
| alma_mater = * [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]])
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|7 March 1974}}
| birth_place = [[Nigohi, Shahjahanpur|Nigohi]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India
| children = Shristi Kushwaha Suryansh Vikram Singh
}}

'''Salona Kushwaha''' is an Indian politician and a member of the Eighteenth Legislative Assembly of Uttar Pradesh in India. She represents the [[Tilhar (Assembly constituency)|Tilhar]] constituency of Uttar Pradesh and is a member of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=जिले की दूसरी महिला विधायक बनीं सलोना, रोशनलाल को अहंकार ले डूबा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur/salona-kushwaha-became-the-second-woman-mla-of-the-district-shahjahanpur-news-bly4779286121 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=salona-kushwaha in Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections 2022 |url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2022/uttar-pradesh/salona-kushwaha-tilhar-candidate-s24a133c03/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Salona Kushwaha Election Results 2022: News, Votes, Results of Uttar-pradesh Assembly |url=https://www.ndtv.com/elections/uttar-pradesh-assembly-election-candidates-list-2022/salona-kushwaha-24133-3 |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=NDTV.com |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Salona Kushwaha was born in [[Nigohi, Shahjahanpur|Nigohi]], [[Tilhar]]. She graduated with her [[Master of Arts|MA]] from [[Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University]] ([[Master of Arts|MA]]). She married renowned Neuro physician Dr. Ram Singh Kushwaha.

== Social work ==
The Women's Polytechnic College, Village Jahanpur of [[Tilhar]] was inaugurated by MLA Salona Kushwaha, and since then on the demand of the local girls. On 14 September 2022, the water tank in the arrangement of pure drinking water was made. The electric bus service from [[Shahjahanpur]] to Polytechnic College Jahanpur [[Tilhar]] for the movement of the girl students started and made an easy way for the convenience of the girl students.
[[File:Salona Kushwaha Bus Service Inauguration.jpg|alt=Salona Kushwaha Bus Service Inauguration in Jahanpur, Shahjahanpur.|thumb|400px|Salona Kushwaha bus service inauguration in Tilhar]]
Constantly absorbed in public service, on 14 September she gave a unique gift to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi providing Street lights, and a Sky lift machine.

[[File:Salona Kushwaha Bus Service 3.jpg|alt=On 14 September 2022, The electric bus service from Shahjahanpur to Polytechnic College Jahanpur for the movement of the girl students started and made an easy way for the convenience of the girl students.|left|thumb|300px|On 14 September 2022, the electric bus service from [[Shahjahanpur]] to Polytechnic College Jahanpur [[Tilhar]] for the movement of the girl students started and made an easy way for the convenience of the girl students.]]
[[File:Salona Kushwaha Bus Service Inauguration 2.jpg|alt=Salona Kushwaha Bus Service Inauguration in Jahanpur, Shahjahanpur.|thumb|260x260px|Recently, the Women's Polytechnic College, Jahanpur was inaugurated by MLA Salona Kushwaha, and since then on the demand of the local girls. On 14 September 2022, the water tank in the arrangement of pure drinking water was made. The electric bus service from [[Shahjahanpur]] to Polytechnic College Jahanpur, [[Tilhar]] for the movement of the girl students started and made an easy way for the convenience of the girl students.]]

[[File:Skylift Machine & Street lights provided by Salona Kushwaha to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi.jpg|alt=Skylift Machine & Street lights provided by Salona Kushwaha to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi for the Benefits of the locals.|thumb|260x260px|Skylift machine and street lights provided by Salona Kushwaha to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi for the benefits of the locals]]
[[File:Skylift Machine provided by Salona Kushwaha.jpg|alt=Skylift Machine & Street lights provided by Salona Kushwaha to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi for the Benefits of the locals.|thumb|260x260px|Skylift machine and street lights provided by Salona Kushwaha to the Nagar Panchayat Nigohi Tehsil [[Tilhar]] for the benefit of the locals]]

== Controversies ==
Barring an incident in Shahjahanpur where violence erupted between BJP workers and the local police after the former alleged that cops took money to "support the Samajwadi Party candidate" in Nigohi, which falls under the [[Tilhar]] constituency. BJP nominee Salona Kushwaha complained of "police's inaction against fake votes". The incident was reported right after polling was over and hundreds of BJP workers gathered outside the police station. Eyewitnesses said cops had to resort to mild force to bring the situation under control.[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/60-turnout-in-55-up-seats-in-2nd-phase-of-elections/articleshow/89578565.cms Toi]

== References ==
<references></references>

# [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_S4gbOeuZQ Live telecast of swearing-in ceremony of UP Vidhan Sabha । विधानसभा के शपथ ग्रहण समारोह का प्रसारण]
# [https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/shahjahnpur/story-election-salona-kushwaha-joins-bjp-along-with-supporters-5616943.html सलोना कुशवाहा सपा छोड़ भाजपा में शामिल, बोलीं-वहां महिलाओं की कोई कद्र नहीं है]
# [https://www.thelallantop.com/elections/up-election-now-samajwadi-party-leaders-join-bjp-and-bsp-sharadveer-singh-madan-chauhan-salona-kushwaha/ BJP के बाद अब सपा से नेताओं का जाना शुरू, वर्तमान विधायक और पूर्व मंत्री ने भी पार्टी छोड़ी]
# [https://www.bhaskar.com/local/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur/tilhar/news/from-tilhar-the-bjp-made-salona-kushwaha-the-candidate-who-left-the-sp-to-stop-the-repression-of-the-bjp-129324628.html तिलहर से सलोना बनी भाजपा प्रत्याशी:तिलहर से भाजपा ने सपा छोड़ भाजपा का दमन थामने वाली सलोना कुशवाहा को बनाया प्रत्याशी]
# [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpYlEVIfIGU UP Election 2022: महिला हूं अबला ना समझें दबंग, बीजेपी प्रत्याशी Salona Kushwaha की हुंकार]
# [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/meerut/60-turnout-in-55-up-seats-in-2nd-phase-of-elections/articleshow/89578565.cms 60% turnout in 55 UP seats in 2nd phase of elections]
# [https://hindi.news18.com/news/uttar-pradesh/shahjahanpur-up-assembly-elections-2022-samajwadi-party-candidate-salona-kushwaha-join-bjp-she-can-be-the-candidate-of-the-party-from-tilhar-seat-in-up-assembly-election-3963401.html UP Chunav 2022: सपा को एक और बड़ा झटका, घोषित प्रत्याशी सलोना कुशवाहा बीजेपी में हुईं शामिल]
# [https://prakashprabhaw.com/khabar-hatke/bjp-vidhayak-salona-kushwaha/detail जनता पर मुझे पूर्ण विश्वास है, विधायक होने के बाद जनता के विश्वास को हम टूटने नहीं देंगे- सलोंना कुशवाहा]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kushwaha, Salona}}
[[Category:Women members of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2022–2027]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:1974 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:People from Shahjahanpur district]]

2019 Daman indigenous land clearing protests

2026-04-11T16:43:49Z

Kristie5701: created a data...

{{Short description|Protests in Daman district, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2023}}
On 3 November 2019, Daman [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas issued a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire [[Daman district, India|district of Daman, India]] and ordered the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore and the Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman into 'temporary jails'.<ref>{{Cite web|last=The Wire|first=Staff|date=4 November 2019|title=Daman: Section 144 Imposed, Two Government Schools Converted Into 'Temporary Jails'|url=https://thewire.in/rights/section-144-daman-protests-evictions|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire|language=en}}</ref> This was in response to a land ownership dispute between the local indigenous fishing community and the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]] that had confiscated their land and bulldozed their homes. The ensuing protest resulted with the detention of 70 protesters in the 'temporary jails' and another 8 arrests. Few of the [[adivasi]] fisherfolk were rehoused whilst most languished traumatised and homeless on the streets near the rubble of their razed homes.
[[File:Harbour View from Moti Daman Fort.jpg|thumb|right|Harbour View from Moti Daman Fort]]

==Demolition of indigenous people's homes==
Valuable seafront land along the {{convert|700|m|adj=on}} stretch from Moti Daman Lighthouse to Jampore beach is claimed to be owned by [[adivasi]] fishing communities who have lived there for generations as well as by [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin#Non-resident Indian (NRI)|NRI]] Damanese predominantly living in [[Leicester]], [[United Kingdom|UK]].
[[File:Daman 01012012 217.JPG|thumb|right|Jampore Beach in Daman]]

In December 2018, local residents received official looking documents purportedly instructed by [[Praful Khoda Patel]] ordering the confiscation of the land and ordering the demolition of the homes to make way for development.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>

With 11,000 Damanese living the [[Leicester East (UK Parliament constituency)|Leicester East constituency]], members of the community approached their [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|MP]] [[Keith Vaz]], who flew out to Daman to meet the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|Administrator]] [[Praful Khoda Patel]]. In January 2019 Vaz reported back that, "I had a very constructive discussion with Mr Patel. I believe that Mr Patel has a vision for Daman and he wants to develop it as a tourist and education centre. I was particularly impressed by the commitments made by [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] in order to enhance the development of Daman. Mr Patel promised that there would be no further demolitions until after the court has made its ruling and that he would talk to me about any further matters concerning this issue. I welcomed his constructive and positive approach."
<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vaz|first=Keith|date=15 January 2019|title=Keith Vaz in plea to stop demolition in Daman|url=https://www.asian-voice.com/News/UK/Keith-Vaz-in-plea-to-stop-demolition-in-Daman|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Asian Voice|language=en}}</ref>

On 1 November 2019 with [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police|Police]] assistance, Rakesh Minhas oversaw the bulldozing of around 90 homes that the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]] stated were illegally constructed.

==Protests==
The newly evicted residents erupted in street protests prompting local MP Lalu Patel to write to the [[District magistrate|Collector]] requesting that they "be restored their homes at the very sites they were razed, on humanitarian grounds". Rakesh Minhas retorted that they may apply for a 20-year housing loan under [[Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana|PMAY-U]].
The following day people engaged in peaceful protest and sat on the road at Ram Setu area. Upon approach of the authorities the protesters demanded alternative houses or flats but the authorities spoke with them and convinced them to go away.

By 3 November, local residents joined the homeless families for peaceful protest near the football ground and shouted slogans critical of [[District magistrate|Collector]] Rakesh Minhas. Minhas responded by issuing a [[Unlawful assembly#India|Section 144]] order banning peaceful assembly of four or more persons, slogan-shouting and the use of loudspeakers across the entire district and ordered the conversion of Government High School, Bhimpore and the Government Sarvottam High School, Moti Daman into 'temporary jails'.<ref name=":0" />

On Monday 4 November 2019 Rakesh Minhas called a press conference and announcing - "We have removed 90 houses that were built illegally on the coastal area on the road from Jampore to the lighthouse. Those who lost their houses can apply for houses at the Collector’s office under [[Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana|PMAY-U]]. We will also arrange for the cheapest loans to the beneficiaries... There are some houses under [[Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana|PMAY-U]] ready for which the affected families would be considered on priority." Authorities then used water cannons to disperse the protesters from the football ground. With the protesters unmoved police resorted to a violent [[Baton charge#Post-1947|lathicharge]] detaining protesters at the 'temporary jails'.

By the afternoon a large group of women protesters had gathered on the road at Ram Setu area. [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu Police|Police]] warned the protesters to leave but they didn't budge so police detained them with 70 people kept at the 'temporary jails' until evening. Eight were arrested under IPC 188, 143 and 149 and released on bail later.

The following day 25 [[Daman, India|Daman]] [[Municipal council (India)|Municipal Council]] members with four [[Sarpanch]] from different villages travelled to meet Rakesh Minhas but were denied permission.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Express|first=News Service|date=5 November 2019|title=Demolition of houses: Section 144 in Daman after residents protest|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/demolition-of-houses-section-144-in-daman-after-residents-protest-6103699/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
The eviction victims were mostly vulnerable, uneducated, disabled, very old or very young and are left on the streets to fend for themselves. They were poorly positioned to assert their rights with many currently living on the streets near their demolished homes traumatised by their experience. The few that were offered alternative homes currently being built further inland from their demolished homes are required to pay towards the costs of the houses and monthly rent but do not have the means to do so.

The families affected have received exposure from the UK government [[Charity Commission for England and Wales|registered]] human rights charity, Justice Upheld, who estimated that 200,000 people may be affected over time. They state that the [[List of administrators of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu|local administration]] have no legal right to confiscate their land and demolish their homes. They were not consulted and no attempt was made to contact them. Their possessions were destroyed, notice was not given and legal process was not followed. Public and personal records prove the families are registered and they have been paying property tax for their land and properties to the Daman Municipal Council for generations. Their property ownership was again confirmed upon the granting of [[Aadhaar]] ID cards by the [[Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology|government]] requiring verification of identity and property ownership. Despite legitimate ownership the land is not formally registered on the Government's central land records and is ‘unregistered’ land and property and open to exploitation. Registration involves a formal investigation and a lengthy legal process which can be costly.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Uppal|first=Jas|date=6 January 2020|title=Daman – Land and Property Owned by the Fishing Communities Confiscated and Homes Demolished|url=https://www.justiceupheld.org.uk/daman-land-and-property-owned-by-the-fishing-communities-confiscated-and-homes-demolished/|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Justice Upheld|language=en}}</ref>

As of March 2021 the site is now The Fern Seaside Luxurious Tent Resort offering tourist accommodation for US$80/£57[[Pound sterling|GBP]]/6000 rupees per night. Billionaire [[Binod Chaudhary]], [[Nepal]]'s wealthiest person, owns the Fern brand via his multi-national conglomerate [[Chaudhary Group#Hotels|CG Corp Global]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/hotels-/-restaurants/cg-corp-global-plans-79-fern-hotels-resorts-in-india-by-2020-end/articleshow/66793806.cms|title=CG Corp Global plans 79 Fern Hotels & Resorts in India by 2020-end|newspaper=The Economic Times}}</ref>

==Land Records Improvement Programmes==
The Indian government has been trying to resolve the poor quality of land records since 1988 with little success.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sreevatsan|first=Ajai|date=22 December 2020|title=How poor land records add to farm frustration|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/farm-frustration-is-linked-to-land-record-missteps-11608568314500.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=Live Mint|language=en}}</ref> [[Digital India Land Record Modernization Programme]] was to resolve this but has experienced significant shortcomings. A huge number of land disputes are pending in the courts. Of the nearly one million (10 lakh) civil court cases were pending, 60 per cent are more than one year old, 34 per cent are over three years old and 20 per cent cases are over five years old.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pandey|first=Subhash Chandra|date=14 November 2020|title=Manage land records better|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/columnists/manage-land-records-better.html|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Pioneer|language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Food security]]
* [[Food sovereignty]]
* [[Illegal construction]]
* [[Land grabbing]]
* [[land law#land rights|Land rights]]
* [[Land titling]]
* [[Sustainable development]]
* [[Water right]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://dmcdaman.in/ Official Website]
*[http://www.alfredobini.com/report/LAND-GRABBING-OR-LAND-TO-INVESTORS/ Land Grabbing or Land to Investors?], Alfredo Bini photojournalist. See also the documentary: [https://vimeo.com/106401259/ Land Grabbing or Land to Investors?]
*[http://www.oxfamamerica.org/take-action/campaign/food-farming-and-hunger/land-grabs/ The Truth About Land Grabs], ''[[Oxfam America]].'' See also: [http://www.oxfam.org/en/campaigns/about-grow About GROW], ''[[Oxfam]]''
*[http://www.tni.org/primer/global-land-grab/ Transnational Institute, Global Land Grab: A primer]
*[http://mrzine.monthlyreview.org/2008/grain281008.html Seized! The 2008 Land Grab for Food and Financial Security], ''[[Monthly Review|Monthly Review Magazine (MRzine)]]''
*[http://monthlyreview.org/2013/11/01/twenty-first-century-land-grabs/ Twenty-First-Century Land Grabs] (November 2013), [[Harry Magdoff#Death|Fred Magdoff]], ''[[Monthly Review]],'' Volume 65, Issue 06
*[http://katapult-magazin.de/en/artikel/article-katapult/fulltext/who-is-buying-the-earth/ Illustration - Who is buying the earth?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160723082120/http://katapult-magazin.de/en/artikel/article-katapult/fulltext/who-is-buying-the-earth/ |date=2016-07-23 }}, Katapult-Magazine (14.03.2015)
*[https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/India-largely-a-country-of-immigrants/article15127444.ece Adivasi are the real inhabitants of india: Supreme court]

{{Portal bar|India|Politics|Society}}

[[Category:Daman, India]]
[[Category:Protest marches in India]]
[[Category:Agrarian politics|Daman indigenous land clearing protests, 2019]]
[[Category:Anti-corporate activism]]
[[Category:Neocolonialism]]
[[Category:Rural community development]]
[[Category:Homelessness]]
[[Category:Poverty in India]]
[[Category:Corruption in India]]
[[Category:Street children]]
[[Category:Debt bondage in India]]
[[Category:Human rights abuses in India]]
[[Category:Nonviolent resistance movements]]
[[Category:November 2019 in India]]
[[Category:2019 in Indian politics]]
[[Category:Adivasi|*]]
[[Category:Indigenous peoples of South Asia]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]]
[[Category:Scheduled Tribes of India]]

Narhari Zirwal

2026-04-11T10:21:45Z

Kristie5701: made new pg

{{short description|Indian politician (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Narhari Sitaram Zirwal
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| office = [[Third Fadnavis ministry|Cabinet Minister]] in [[Government of Maharashtra|Maharashtra]]
| subterm = '''Cabinet'''
| suboffice = [[Third Fadnavis ministry|Fadnavis III]]
| 2blankname = Ministry & Departments
| 2namedata = *[[Ministry of Food and Drug Administration (Maharashtra)|Food & Drug Administration]]
*[[Ministry of Special Assistance (Maharashtra)|Special Assistance]]
| term_start = 15 December 2024
| term_end =
| 1blankname = [[Chief Minister of Maharashtra|Chief Minister]]
| 1namedata = [[Devendra Fadnavis]]
| 3blankname = Guardian Minister
| 3namedata = [[Hingoli district|Hingoli]]
| predecessor =
| successor =
| office1 = 18th [[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 14 March 2020
| term_end1 = 26 November 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Vijayrao Bhaskarrao Auti]]
| successor1 = [[Anna Bansode]]
| governor1 = *[[Bhagat Singh Koshyari]]
*[[Ramesh Bais]]
*[[C. P. Radhakrishnan]]
| 3blankname1 = [[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Speaker]]
| 3namedata1 = *[[Nana Patole]]
*[[Rahul Narwekar]]
| office2 = [[List of speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_label2 = Acting
| term_start2 = 4 February 2021
| term_end2 = 3 July 2022
| governor2 = Bhagat Singh Koshyari
| deputy2 = ''Himself''
| predecessor2 = Nana Patole
| successor2 = Rahul Narwekar
| office3 = [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member]] of [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start3 = 31 October 2014
| constituency3 = [[Dindori (Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]
| predecessor3 = [[Dhanraj Mahale]]
| successor3 =
| term_start4 = 23 November 2004
| term_end4 = 30 October 2009
| constituency4 = [[Dindori (Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dindori]]
| predecessor4 = Ramdas Charoskar
| successor4 = Dhanraj Mahale
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|1959|06|19|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Dindori, Maharashtra|Dindori]], [[Bombay State]], India
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| children =
| party = [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
| alma_mater =
| profession =
| sibling =
| website =
}}
'''Narhari Sitaram Zirwal''' (born 19 June 1959) is an Indian politician who is serving as a cabinet minister in [[Third Fadnavis ministry]]. He previously served as the [[List of Deputy Speakers of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Deputy Speaker of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] and is a member of the [[Nationalist Congress Party]].<ref name="list_deputy_speaker"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Deshpande |first1=Alok |title=NCP's Narhari Zirwal elected deputy speaker |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/ncps-narhari-zirwal-elected-deputy-speaker/article31071988.ece |accessdate=21 October 2020 |work=The Hindu |date=15 March 2020 |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/dindori.html | title=Winner and Runnerup Candidate in Dindori assembly constituency | work=elections.in | accessdate=15 April 2016}}</ref> He is a Five term member of the [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] from [[Dindori (Maharashtra Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Dindori]] in [[Maharashtra]].<ref name="2004_results"/><ref name="2014_assembly"/><ref name="2019_elections"/>

== Positions held ==
*[[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly|Member of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly (MLA)]] for 5 Terms: 1999-2004,<ref name="2004_results">{{cite web |title=Maharashtra Assembly Election Results in 2004 |url=https://www.elections.in/maharashtra/assembly-constituencies/2004-election-results.html |website=www.elections.in |accessdate=28 May 2020}}</ref> 2009-2014,<ref name="2014_assembly">{{cite web | url=http://www.india.com/news/india/maharashtra-assembly-election-results-2014-list-of-winning-candidates-176319/ | title=Maharashtra Assembly Election Results 2014: List of winning candidates | work=india.com | accessdate=15 April 2016| date=2014-10-19 }}</ref> 2014–present.<ref name="list_deputy_speaker">{{cite web |title=List of the MLA |url=http://mls.org.in/pdf2020/list-of-mla.pdf |publisher=Maharashtra Legislature |accessdate=28 May 2020}}</ref><ref name="2019_elections">{{cite news |title=Dindori Election Results 2019 Live Updates (दिंडोरी): Zirwal Narhari Sitaram of NCP Wins |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/dindo-election-results-2019-live-updates-winner-loser-leading-trailing-2358431.html |accessdate=28 May 2020 |work=News18 |date=24 October 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zirwal, Narhari}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2004–2009]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Maharashtra MLAs 2024–2029]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Maharashtra]]

Intermediate Ring Road, Hyderabad

2026-03-30T03:30:06Z

Kristie5701: made a article...

{{Short description|Types of roads in Hyderabad, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox road
| country = IND
| state = Telangana
| maint = [[Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation]], [[Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority]]
| route = HIMRR
| name = Intermediate Ring Road, Hyderabad
| map =
| length_km =
}}
The '''Intermediate Ring Road''' are roads identified as the main connecting roads between various [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad|radial roads]] in [[Hyderabad]], Telangana, India. It complements the [[Inner Ring Road, Hyderabad|inner]] and [[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|outer ring]] roads, acting as a bypass, when traveling from one end of the city to the other, helping reduce travel time.

==Intermediate Ring Roads==
[[File:Hyderabad Outer Ring Road and its radial roads.png|thumb|The Hyderabad Radial Roads]]
*Intermediate ring roads in Hyderabad<ref name="IMRR">{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/article3626041.ece | work=The Times of India, Hyderabad | title=Clarification by R&B official | date=11 July 2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Intermediate Ring Road # !! Starting Point !! Via !! Ending Point !! Road Length !! Lanes
|-
| IMRR 1 (Old Bombay Road) || [[Elevated Expressways in Hyderabad|Rethibowli]] ([[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 3 & [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 6) || [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 5 || [[Gachibowli]] (Nehru-[[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad|ORR]] & [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 6 & [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 33) || ||
|-
| IMRR 2 || [[Gachibowli]] (Nehru-ORR & [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 6) || [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 7, [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 8 || [[Miyapur]] ([[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 9) || ||
|-
| IMRR 3 || [[Miyapur]] ([[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 9) || [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 32, Gandi Maisamma, [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 11 & Bhadurpally || [[Kompally]] at [[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)|RR]] 12 ([[National Highway 7 (India)|NH7]]) || ||
|}

== See also ==
{{Portal|Hyderabad}}
*[[Unified Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Hyderabad (India)]]
*[[Inner Ring Road, Hyderabad]]
*[[Radial Roads, Hyderabad (India)]]
*[[Elevated Expressways in Hyderabad]]
*Intermediate Ring Road, Hyderabad (India)
*[[Outer Ring Road, Hyderabad]]
*[[Regional Ring Road]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Roads in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Ring roads in India]]

{{India-road-stub}}

Assault of Sureshbhai Patel

2026-03-24T12:53:30Z

Kristie5701: created new info...

{{Short description|2015 U.S. police officer assault of Indian national}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Assault of Sureshbhai Patel
| date = {{start date|2015|02|06}}
| time = 9 a.m.
| location = [[Madison, Alabama]], United States
| filmed by = Two police car dashboard cameras
| participants = {{Plainlist|
* Sureshbhai Patel (injured)
* Eric Parker (assailant)
* Unknown caller (who called 911)
}}
| reported injuries = 1
| suspects = Eric Parker
| charges = Third-degree [[assault]] Federal charge of civil rights abuse
| convictions = [[Mistrial]] on civil rights violations
| litigation = Federal lawsuit asking for unspecified amount
}}

On February 6, 2015, three police officers assaulted, detained, and seriously injured Sureshbhai Patel, a 57-year-old [[India]]n national, in a residential neighborhood in [[Madison, Alabama]], U.S. A neighborhood resident called the police on Patel, who was visiting his son and spoke no English, for alleged suspicious behavior in the neighborhood. Video footage from two police car dashboard cameras shows the officer slamming Patel to the ground. He was hospitalized and is partially paralyzed from his injuries. The incident led many citizens to accuse Madison Police Department of [[Police brutality in the United States|police brutality]] and prompted a response from the [[Indian government]].<ref>[http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2015/02/madison_police_fire_and_arrest.html Madison police fire and arrest officer who badly injured Indian man], [[Al.com]]</ref><ref name=cnn>[http://www.cnn.com/2015/02/12/us/alabama-police-beating/ Alabama police beating], [[CNN]]</ref>

Police officer Eric Parker, accused of injuring Patel, was fired from the Madison Police Department and charged with third-degree assault. In March 2015, the [[FBI]] charged Parker with felony civil rights abuse, but he was later acquitted of all charges. Parker was reinstated into the force in 2016.

==Backgrounds==

===Sureshbhai Patel===

Sureshbhai Patel is from [[Gujarat]], India. He arrived in Madison a week before the incident to visit his son Chirag, who works as an engineer there, and to help take care of his 17-month-old grandson with his daughter-in-law. Patel speaks [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] and [[Hindi language|Hindi]] but not English.<ref name=origin>[http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2015/02/indian_grandfather_injured_by_1.html Indian grandfather injured followed a well trodden path to Alabama], [[Al.com]]</ref>

===Eric Parker===

Eric Sloan Parker was 26 years old at the time of the incident and worked for the Madison Police Department from 2013 to 2015. He speaks English but understands neither Gujarati nor Hindi.<ref name=cnn/>

==Incident==
At 9 a.m., Patel was taking a stroll outside his son's house. A man in the neighborhood called 911 to report a suspicious man lurking about and peering into garages. He described Patel as a "skinny black man wearing a [[Toboggan (hat)|toboggan]] [sic]." A few minutes later, two police officers approached Patel on a sidewalk. Parker asked Patel for his identification. Patel said repeatedly that he did not know English and was from India. The video appears to show Parker throwing Patel to the ground face first ninety seconds into the encounter. His hands also appeared to be behind his back as he was pushed. Patel's family allege that Parker also twisted Patel's arm.<ref name=cnn/>

==Injuries==
Patel was hospitalized at Huntsville Hospital and Madison Hospital for [[Spinal cord injury|spinal swelling]] and underwent surgery for his vertebrae. He is partially paralyzed.<ref name=origin/> He was treated at the Healthsouth Rehabilitation Center in Huntsville, where he had to relearn how to walk.<ref name=stephensindicted>Stephens, Challen. [http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2015/03/civil_rights_charges_filed_aga.html#incart_story_package Alabama officer who slammed down Indian grandfather indicted on federal civil rights charge], ''[[Al.com]]'', March 27, 2015.</ref>

Donors raised over $209,000 for Patel from a [[GoFundMe]] fundraiser to help pay for his medical bills.<ref name=Indiawest/>

==Legal proceedings==
One week after the incident, Parker was charged with third-degree [[assault]], a misdemeanor punishable with a maximum of one year in jail and a $6,000 fine. He turned himself in to the Limestone County Jail on February 12 and posted $1,000 bond.<ref name=cnn/>

On March 26, he was [[indict]]ed by a federal grand jury.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/28/us/alabama-police-officer-indicted-in-confrontation-with-unarmed-indian-man.html|title=Alabama Police Officer Indicted in Confrontation With Unarmed Indian Man|last=Fausset|first=Richard|work=[[New York Times]]|date=March 27, 2015|accessdate=March 31, 2015}}</ref> Parker was charged by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) with deprivation of rights under the [[color of law]], a felony that carries a maximum of ten years in prison. According to U.S. Attorney [[Joyce White Vance]], the violation includes the constitutional right to be free from "unreasonable force."<ref name="stephensindicted"/>

In April, Parker pleaded not guilty to the federal charge at the federal courthouse in Huntsville, and was released on $5,000 bond. His trial for the federal charge was set for June 1, 2015, while the state charge trial was set for May 13, 2015.<ref>[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/former-us-cop-who-slammed-sureshbhai-patel-pleads-not-guilty/articleshow/47012692.cms Former U.S. cop who slammed Sureshbhai Parel pleads not guilty], ''[[The Economic Times]]'', April 22, 2015.</ref> On September 11, 2015, a jury failed to reach a verdict for the federal civil rights violations charge. Federal prosecutors planned to retry Parker.<ref>Jones, Tiani. [http://www.wtvm.com/story/30013829/no-verdict-in-eric-parker-trial No verdict in Eric Parker trial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104201253/http://www.wtvm.com/story/30013829/no-verdict-in-eric-parker-trial |date=2015-11-04 }}, [[WTVM]], September 12, 2015.</ref>

On January 13, 2016, U.S. District Judge [[Madeline Haikala]] granted an acquittal motion by the Alabama cops' attorneys, ending the federal civil trial for Parker permanently. The prosecution filed a counter motion to not acquit Parker, but the judge dismissed the prosecution's motion, siding with the defense instead, and said that the victim committed a misdemeanor by leaving the house without identification.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cop Acquitted of Excessive Force That Left Indian Man Paralyzed|url=https://newsmaven.io/pinacnews/citizen-journalism/cop-acquitted-of-excessive-force-that-left-indian-man-paralyzed-hlDrxTY2X0a1jwC3ikHJIQ|access-date=2021-03-25|website=Photography is Not a Crime|language=en}}</ref>

The first federal case for civil rights violations against Parker ended in a mistrial when ten non-Black male jurors voted to acquit him while two Black female jurors voted to convict.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2015/09/hung_jury_favored_officer_on_t.html|title = Hung jury favored cop who took down Indian grandfather|date = 15 September 2015}}</ref> The second and last federal case against Parker also ended in a mistrial, and a federal judge from Alabama dismissed the charges against Parker to prevent a third federal trial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2016/01/judge_throws_out_case_against.html|title=Judge throws out case over takedown of Indian grandfather|date=14 January 2016}}</ref> The misdemeanor assault charge against Parker was dismissed in July 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/assault-charges-dropped-alabama-cop-who-partially-paralyzed-indian-grandfather-n573806|title=Charges Dropped for Alabama Cop Who Partially Paralyzed Grandfather|website=[[NBC News]]}}</ref>

==Lawsuit==
On February 12, Patel and his lawyer, Hank Sherrod, filed a federal lawsuit against Madison police for use of [[excessive force]] and [[Racial profiling in the United States|racial profiling]].<ref name=Indiawest/>

On May 27, 2020 the U.S. Court of Appeals 11th Circuit ruled that a civil rights lawsuit filed against Parker and the city of Madison can move forward.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.waff.com/2020/05/27/federal-appeals-court-rules-excessive-force-lawsuit-against-madison-police-officer-can-move-forward/|title=Federal appeals court rules excessive force lawsuit against Madison police officer can move forward|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.al.com/news/2020/05/federal-court-allows-lawsuit-against-madison-over-police-leg-sweep-says-question-of-resisting-for-a-jury.html|title=Lawsuit over Alabama police officer's takedown of Indian grandfather may proceed, court rules|date=2020-05-27|website=al.com|access-date=2020-03-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=US Courts|url=http://media.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/files/201812061.pdf}}</ref>

In April 2021, Patel settled the lawsuit for $1.75 million.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Grotjahn |first1=Jess |title=Grandfather injured by MPD officer settles lawsuit for $1.75 million |url=https://whnt.com/news/madison/grandfather-injured-by-mpd-officer-settles-lawsuit-with-the-city-of-madison-for-1-75-million/ |website=News 19 |date=8 April 2021 |access-date=May 28, 2021}}</ref>

==Reactions==

===U.S. reactions===
[[Ami Bera]], an Indian American [[congressman]] and co-chairman of the Congressional Caucus on India, described the incident as "horrible and tragic." Members of the Asian Pacific American Caucus, including [[Michael Honda]] and [[Judy Chu]], have condemned the treatment of Patel and claimed that it was [[excessive force]] and an example of "contempt of cop".<ref name=Indiawest>[http://m.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/over-k-in-donations-raised-for-sureshbhai-patel-lawsuit-filed/article_239249b4-b619-11e4-8dab-2bc24125bf5f.html?mode=jqm Over $120K donated for Sureshbhai Patel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220741/http://m.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/over-k-in-donations-raised-for-sureshbhai-patel-lawsuit-filed/article_239249b4-b619-11e4-8dab-2bc24125bf5f.html?mode=jqm |date=2016-03-03 }}, [[IndiaWest]]</ref>

===Response from Indian government===
[[Syed Akbaruddin]], a former spokesman for the [[Ministry of External Affairs of India]], said that the Indian government was disturbed by the treatment of Mr. Patel and was taking the incident "very seriously." He stated that India's officials planned to contact the U.S. mission in [[New Delhi]] and officials in [[Washington, D.C.]] and Alabama.<ref>[http://www.al.com/news/huntsville/index.ssf/2015/02/indian_government_extremely_di.html Indian government extremely disturbed], [[Al.com]]</ref>

== Return to work ==
Parker was subsequently allowed to return to work at the Madison Police Department and cleared of any policy violation of the department. He was required to undergo re-certification.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.waaytv.com/appnews/eric-parker-returning-to-work-at-madison-police-department/article_bd683920-7442-11e6-974b-8b59a0f5b167.html|title=Eric Parker returning to work at Madison Police Department|last=Ary|first=Patrick|newspaper=Huntsville News {{!}} WAAYTV.com and ABC 31|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://whnt.com/2016/09/06/madison-police-officer-eric-parker-returning-from-administrative-leave/|title=Madison police officer Eric Parker returning from administrative leave|date=2016-09-06|website=WHNT.com|access-date=2016-10-07}}</ref> As of 2025, he resides in [[Alabaster, Alabama]] and is now a sergeant at the [[Vestavia Hills, Alabama|Vestavia Hills]] Police Department.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contact VHPD |url=https://vhal.org/contact-vhpd/ |access-date=2025-10-25 |website=Vestavia Hills |language=en-US}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Sureshbhai}}
[[Category:2015 in Alabama]]
[[Category:Madison County, Alabama]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Victims of police brutality in the United States]]
[[Category:India–United States relations]]
[[Category:Indian-American history]]

2017–18 Kerala Blasters FC season

2026-03-23T19:27:59Z

Kristie5701: refine citations further and updated info

{{Short description|4th season in existence of Kerala Blasters FC}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox football club season
| club = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
| logo =
| season = 2017–18
| manager = [[René Meulensteen]] {{nowrap|(until 3 January 2018)}} [[David James (footballer, born 1970)|David James]] {{nowrap|(from 3 January 2018)}}
| mgrtitle = Head Coach
| chairman = Varun Tripuraneni
| chrtitle = CEO
| stadium = {{nowrap|[[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], [[Kochi]]}}
| league = [[Indian Super League|ISL]]
| league result = [[2017–18 Indian Super League#League table|6th]]
| cup1 = Play-offs
| cup1 result = ''DNQ''
| cup2 = [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]
| cup2 result = [[2018 Indian Super Cup|Round of 16]]
| league topscorer = [[Iain Hume]] (5 goals)
| season topscorer = [[Iain Hume]] (5 goals)
| average attendance = 31,763
| highest attendance = 37,986 vs. [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] (31 December 2017)<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Blasters 1-3 Bengaluru|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/19998-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-bengaluru-fc|website=Indian Super League|access-date=31 December 2017|archive-date=9 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109150624/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/19998-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-bengaluru-fc|url-status=live}}</ref>
| lowest attendance = 16,796 vs. [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]] (27 January 2018)<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Blasters 2-1 Delhi Dynamos|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/20020-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-delhi-dynamos-fc|website=Indian Super League|access-date=27 January 2018|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004255/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/matchcentre/20020-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-delhi-dynamos-fc|url-status=live}}</ref>

| pattern_la1 = _blueborder
| pattern_b1 = _thinbluesides
| pattern_ra1 = _blueborder
| pattern_sh1 = _bluebottom
| pattern_so1 = _bluehorizontal
| leftarm1 = FFFF00
| body1 = FFFF00
| rightarm1 = FFFF00
| shorts1 = FFFF00
| socks1 = FFFF00
| pattern_la2 = _yellowborder
| pattern_b2 = _thinyellowsides
| pattern_ra2 = _yellowborder
| pattern_so2 = _yellowtop
| leftarm2 = 070719
| body2 = 070719
| rightarm2 = 070719
| shorts2 = 070719
| socks2 = 070719
| prevseason = [[2016 Kerala Blasters FC season|2016]]
| nextseason = [[2018–19 Kerala Blasters FC season|2018–19]]
}}
The '''2017–18 season''' was the [[List of Kerala Blasters FC seasons|fourth season]] in [[Kerala Blasters FC]]'s existence, as well as their fourth season in [[Indian Super League]]. The club finished the Indian Super League points table in the 6th place, thus missing out the play-offs. The Blasters also made their debut in the [[2018 Indian Super Cup|inaugural edition]] of [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]] during the season, being eliminated in the first round after losing against [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]].

Following the departure of [[Steve Coppell]] to the new side [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]], Kerala Blasters announced the signing of [[René Meulensteen]] as their new head coach on 14 July 2017. The club also participated in the [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft]], bringing in [[Rino Anto]], [[Milan Singh]], [[Arata Izumi]], [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]], and [[Jackichand Singh]]. Former Kerala Blasters forward [[Iain Hume]] rejoined the side in July while the club also signed former [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] players [[Wes Brown]] and [[Dimitar Berbatov]] in the lead up to the season.

After only winning one match in their first seven games, Meulensteen was relieved of his duties on 3 January 2018. [[David James (footballer, born 1970)|David James]], the Blasters head coach during the [[2014 Kerala Blasters FC season|2014 season]], was brought in as the new head coach the same day.

==Background==
Kerala Blasters began their preparations for the 2017–18 season by bringing in former [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] assistant coach [[René Meulensteen]] as the club's new head coach.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharali|first=Abhijit|date=2017-07-14|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters name Rene Meulensteen as head coach|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-name-rene-meulensteen-as-head-coach|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121122729/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-name-rene-meulensteen-as-head-coach|archive-date=21 November 2020|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> The signing of Meulensteen came only two days after former head coach Steve Coppell announced that he would be leaving the club.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharali|first=Abhijit|date=2017-07-12|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters confirm Steve Coppell's exit|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-confirm-steve-coppell-exit|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120123919/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-confirm-steve-coppell-exit|archive-date=20 November 2020|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> A couple of weeks later, on 23 July 2017, the Kerala Blasters participated in the [[2017–18 ISL Players Draft]]. Since the club had already retained the services of [[Sandesh Jhingan]], [[C.K. Vineeth]], and [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]], the Blasters would enter the draft in round three. For their first draft pick, the Kerala Blasters selected defender [[Rino Anto]]. Anto was already part of the Kerala Blasters the previous season, on loan from [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=200 plus Indian Players Vie for Ten ISL Clubs selection|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/200-plus-indian-players-vie-for-ten-isl-clubs-selection|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027181324/http://www.indiansuperleague.com/press-releases/5587-200-plus-indian-players-vie-for-ten-isl-clubs-selection|archive-date=27 October 2017|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Indian Super League|language=en}}</ref> The club also selected [[India national football team|India]] internationals, [[Milan Singh]], [[Arata Izumi]], [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]], and [[Jackichand Singh]]. The club also selected defenders [[Lalruatthara]] and [[Lalthakima]], both of whom won the [[I-League]] in [[2016–17 I-League|2016–17]] with [[Aizawl]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017 player draft, as it happened: ATK, Jamshedpur FC and Pune strike big|url=https://scroll.in/field/844751/isl-2017-player-draft-as-it-happened-atk-jamshedpur-fc-and-pune-strike-big|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214170713/https://scroll.in/field/844751/isl-2017-player-draft-as-it-happened-atk-jamshedpur-fc-and-pune-strike-big|archive-date=14 February 2021|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

The next day, on 24 July, the Kerala Blasters announced their first foreign signing of the season, [[Canada men's national soccer team|Canadian]] international and former Kerala Blasters player, [[Iain Hume]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 24, 2017|first1=Rayson P.|last=Tennyson|title=Iain Hume: ISL: Kerala Blasters sign Iain Hume|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-kerala-blasters-sign-iain-hume/articleshow/59737201.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030132742/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/isl-kerala-blasters-sign-iain-hume/articleshow/59737201.cms|archive-date=30 October 2017|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Following the signing of Hume, the club made headlines when they signed former [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] defender [[Wes Brown]] on 15 August 2017, and another former Manchester United player, [[Dimitar Berbatov]], on 24 August.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-15|title=Former Manchester United defender Brown makes India move|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2017-08-15/former-manchester-united-defender-wes-brown-signs-for-indian-super-league-side-kerala-blasters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121062042/https://www.itv.com/news/2017-08-15/former-manchester-united-defender-wes-brown-signs-for-indian-super-league-side-kerala-blasters|archive-date=21 January 2021|access-date=2021-06-29|website=ITV News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-23|title=Dimitar Berbatov signed by Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3186720/isl-side-kerala-blasters-sign-dimitar-berbatov-on-one-year-contract|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819023550/https://www.espn.com/soccer/soccer-transfers/story/3186720/isl-side-kerala-blasters-sign-dimitar-berbatov-on-one-year-contract|archive-date=19 August 2019|access-date=2021-06-29|website=ESPN.com|language=en}}</ref> "In terms of selection of players, we were looking at him for quite sometime," said Varun Tripuraneni, the Kerala Blasters CEO, "After Rene Meulensteen came on board, it became easier to get the deal done. Berbatov has been with Rene in Manchester United, so they share a comfort level and chemistry".<ref>{{Cite web|title=A big catch: Kerala Blasters sign former Manchester United striker Dimitar Berbatov|url=https://scroll.in/field/848244/a-big-catch-kerala-blasters-sign-former-manchester-united-striker-dimitar-berbatov|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629131548/https://scroll.in/field/848244/a-big-catch-kerala-blasters-sign-former-manchester-united-striker-dimitar-berbatov|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Scroll.in|language=en-US}}</ref>

Just a few days prior to the start of the season, Meulensteen named Jhingan as his club captain for the season.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Blasters' Rene Meulensteen - Sandesh Jhingan And Nemanja Lakic-pesic Were Outstanding|url=http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-rene-meulensteen-sandesh-jhingan/1oi26860lxxdiz61zfk8ingtt|accessdate=23 November 2017|work=Goal.com|date=17 November 2017|archive-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171121111026/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-rene-meulensteen-sandesh-jhingan/1oi26860lxxdiz61zfk8ingtt|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Signings===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}

====Indian draft====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Round
! Position
! Player
|-
| 1
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 align=center|''No pick''
|-
| 2
|-
| 3
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]]
|-
| 4
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalruatthara]]
|-
| 5
|{{sort|?|MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Milan Singh]]
|-
| 6
|{{sort|?|MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Arata Izumi]]
|-
| 7
|{{sort|?|GK}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]
|-
| 8
|{{sort|?|MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]]
|-
| 9
|{{sort|?|MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]]
|-
| 10
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthakima]]
|-
| 11
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pritam Kumar Singh]]
|-
| 12
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Samuel Shadap]]
|-
| 13
|{{sort|?|DF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Loken Meitei]]
|-
| 14
|{{sort|?|FW}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Sawhney]]
|-
| 15
|{{sort|?|MF}}
| {{flagicon|IND}} Ajith Sivan
|}
{{col-2}}

====Other signings====
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center; text-align:left"
!scope="col"|Position
!scope="col"|Player
!scope="col"|Last club
!scope="col"|Date
!scope="col"|Ref
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Extremadura UD|Extremadura]]
|24 July 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bharali|first=Abhijit|date=2017-07-09|title=ISL 2017: 5 foreign players who could join Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-5-foreign-players-who-could-join-kerala-blasters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629135159/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-5-foreign-players-who-could-join-kerala-blasters|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Courage Pekuson]]
|{{flagicon|SVN}} [[FC Koper]]
|10 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters sign Ghanaian attacking midfielder Courage Pekuson|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sign-ghanaian-attacking-midfielder/wg5ze2lx92jz1bxk5xtngplpc|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818184036/https://www.goal.com/en-ke/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sign-ghanaian-attacking-midfielder/wg5ze2lx92jz1bxk5xtngplpc|archive-date=18 August 2017|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nemanja Lakić-Pešić]]
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Kapfenberger SV]]
|11 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters sign Serbian defender Nemanja Lakic-Pesic|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sign-serbian-defender-nemanja-lakic/dilf5evxmgnn1dct2vuhxopam|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617165949/https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sign-serbian-defender-nemanja-lakic/dilf5evxmgnn1dct2vuhxopam|archive-date=17 June 2018|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wes Brown]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]
|15 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-08-15|title=Indian Super League: Kerala Blasters announce signing of former Manchester United defender Wes Brown|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-super-league-kerala-blasters-announce-signing-of-former-manchester-united-defender-wes-brown-3934133.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108004204/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-super-league-kerala-blasters-announce-signing-of-former-manchester-united-defender-wes-brown-3934133.html|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Rachubka]]
|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bury F.C.|Bury]]
|19 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Manchester United connection grows at Kerala Blasters as Paul Rachubka signs|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11667/10995206/manchester-united-connection-grows-at-kerala-blasters-as-paul-rachubka-signs|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217115247/https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11667/10995206/manchester-united-connection-grows-at-kerala-blasters-as-paul-rachubka-signs|archive-date=17 December 2018|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Sky Sports|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Mark Sifneos]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[RKC Waalwijk]]
|20 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 21, 2017|first=Rayson P.|last=Tennyson|title=indian super league: Kerala Blasters sign Dutch youngster Mark Sifneos|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/kerala-blasters-sign-dutch-youngster-mark-sifneos/articleshow/60153195.cms|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824191023/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/indian-super-league/top-stories/kerala-blasters-sign-dutch-youngster-mark-sifneos/articleshow/60153195.cms|archive-date=24 August 2017|access-date=2021-06-29|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Berbatov]]
|{{flagicon|GRE}} [[PAOK FC|PAOK]]
|23 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 23, 2017|agency=Reuters|title=Indian Super League: Kerala Blasters sign ex-Manchester United striker Dimitar Berbatov|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/dimitar-berbatov-kerala-blasters-indian-super-league-1030998-2017-08-23|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140051/https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/football/story/dimitar-berbatov-kerala-blasters-indian-super-league-1030998-2017-08-23|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|GK}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandip Nandy]]
|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Southern Samity]]
|31 August 2017
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017: Veteran goalkeeper Sandip Nandy seals return to Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sandip-nandy-return/1rg6449q776lr1eex8g7sq923c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629140337/https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-sandip-nandy-return/1rg6449q776lr1eex8g7sq923c|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|DF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} Jishnu Balakrishnan
|''Free Agent''
|6 September 2017
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2017-09-29|title=Sahal Abdul Samad And Jishnu Balakrishnan|publisher=The Fan Garage|url=https://thefangarage.com/articles/12487-isl-2017hidden-gems-kerala-blasters-budding-talents-could-be-tomorrows-stars/4|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629195410/https://thefangarage.com/articles/12487-isl-2017hidden-gems-kerala-blasters-budding-talents-could-be-tomorrows-stars/4|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=thefangarage.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahal Abdul Samad]]
|''Free Agent''
|6 September 2017
|<ref name=":0" />
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Kizito Keziron]]
|{{flagicon|KEN}} [[A.F.C. Leopards|Leopards]]
|3 January 2018
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Naik|first=Abhishek|date=2017-12-30|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters confirm signing of Ugandan midfielder Kizito Keziron|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-confirm-signing-of-ugandan-midfielder-kizito-keziron|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629195721/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-confirm-signing-of-ugandan-midfielder-kizito-keziron|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Guðjón Baldvinsson]]
|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Stjarnan]] (loan)
|26 January 2018
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017-18: Kerala Blasters sign Icelandic striker Gudjon Baldvinsson|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-gudjon-baldvinsson-iceland/18gzgxcunz6qv1nogqkkd1o8ud|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026151021/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-gudjon-baldvinsson-iceland/18gzgxcunz6qv1nogqkkd1o8ud|archive-date=26 October 2020|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]]
|{{flagicon|BOL}} [[Nacional Potosí]]
|1 February 2018
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pulga returns to Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-isl-4/isl-news/2018/02/02/kerala-blasters-victor-pulga.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629195939/https://www.onmanorama.com/in-depth/indian-super-league-isl-4/isl-news/2018/02/02/kerala-blasters-victor-pulga.html|archive-date=2021-06-29|access-date=2021-06-29|website=OnManorama}}</ref>
|-
|colspan="5" align=center|'''Left Club Midseason'''
|-
|{{sort|?|FW}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Mark Sifneos]]
|''Released''
|23 January 2018
|<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-26|title=ISL 2017-18: FC Goa announces signing of former Kerala Blasters FC striker Mark Sifneos|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-announces-signing-of-former-kerala-blasters-fc-striker-mark-sifneos-4321587.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108023239/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-fc-goa-announces-signing-of-former-kerala-blasters-fc-striker-mark-sifneos-4321587.html|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Firstpost}}</ref>
|-
|{{sort|?|MF}}
!scope="row"|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Kizito Keziron]]
|''Injury Release''
|1 February 2018
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017-18: Kerala Blasters bring back Victor Pulga|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-bring-back-victor-pulga/1sl4r1wcdcwpk17j8owt7v8vyo|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518195909/http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-bring-back-victor-pulga/1sl4r1wcdcwpk17j8owt7v8vyo|archive-date=18 May 2018|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>
|}
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}

==Pre-season==
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|11|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-results-pre-season/urc47et2t7ij1ni6zkx53lj0o Report]
|team2 = {{flagicon|ESP}} Athletic de Coín
|goals1 = [[Courage Pekuson|Pekuson]] {{goal|59}}
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Marbella]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|18|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-results-pre-season/urc47et2t7ij1ni6zkx53lj0o Report]
|team2 = {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Juventud de Torremolinos CF|Juventud de Torremolinos]]
|goals1 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|14}}
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Marbella]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|23|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-results-pre-season/urc47et2t7ij1ni6zkx53lj0o Report]
|team2 ={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Real Balompédica Linense]]
|goals1 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|20}}[[Courage Pekuson|Pekuson]] {{goal|79}}
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Marbella]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|10|26|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 0–3
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-us/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-results-pre-season/urc47et2t7ij1ni6zkx53lj0o Report]
|team2 ={{flagicon|ESP}} [[Marbella FC|Marbella]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Marbella]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|11|11|df=y}}
|time =
|round = Friendly
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [http://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-results-pre-season/urc47et2t7ij1ni6zkx53lj0o Report]
|team2 = {{flagicon|IND}} [[Gokulam Kerala FC|Gokulam Kerala]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium =
|location = [[Kerala]]
|attendance =
|referee =
|result = D
}}

==Indian Super League==
{{main|2017–18 Indian Super League}}

The 2017–18 season of the [[Indian Super League]] sees 10 teams play 18 matches during the regular season; two against each other team, with one match at each club's stadium. Three points are awarded for each win, one point per draw, and none for defeats. At the end of the regular season, the top four teams in the table qualify for the finals. The team in first will take on the team in fourth and the team in second will take on the team in third in two-legged ties. The winners of each tie will face off in the [[2018 Indian Super League final|final]] at the [[Salt Lake Stadium]] in [[Kolkata]] on 17 March 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-21|title=ISL 2017-18 full schedule: Here's the complete list of all the matches, venues and dates|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-full-schedule-heres-the-complete-list-of-all-the-matches-venues-and-dates-4221295.html|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

The Kerala Blasters hosted [[ATK (football club)|ATK]] at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]], in a rematch of last season's [[2016 Indian Super League final|final]], on the opening day of the season. Despite the match being billed as a "high-voltage clash amid an electric atmosphere", the match ended in a 0–0 draw.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Blasters v ATK Match Preview, 17/11/17, Indian Super League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/kerala-blasters-v-atk/preview/evvef8njj0kkacjiejbcdsh2i|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415004355/http://www.goal.com/en-in/match/kerala-blasters-v-atk/preview/evvef8njj0kkacjiejbcdsh2i|archive-date=15 April 2018|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Blasters v ATK Match Report, 17/11/2017, Indian Super League|url=https://www.goal.com/en/match/kerala-blasters-v-atk/evvef8njj0kkacjiejbcdsh2i|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119211244/https://www.goal.com/en/match/kerala-blasters-v-atk/evvef8njj0kkacjiejbcdsh2i|archive-date=19 January 2018|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> The same result would occur a week later in the Blasters' second match against the new entrants [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-24|title=Highlights ISL 2017, Kerala Blasters FC vs Jamshedpur FC: Both teams stay winless and goalless after 2 matches|url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc-football-match-live-score-and-updates-4226443.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108024959/https://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-fc-vs-jamshedpur-fc-football-match-live-score-and-updates-4226443.html|archive-date=8 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Firstpost}}</ref>

Following these two draws, [[René Meulensteen]] stressed how it important it was for the club to start scoring goals. "The most important goal to score in a season is the first one, because the moment you score the first one, it will bring confidence.”<ref>{{Cite web|title=Highlights {{!}} Kerala Blasters vs Mumbai City FC, ISL 2017-18: As it happened...|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/sports/cricket/article/kerala-blasters-vs-mumbai-city-fc-isl-2017-18-live-score-live-streaming-football-updates/138399|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210072218/http://www.timesnownews.com/sports/article/kerala-blasters-vs-mumbai-city-fc-isl-2017-18-live-score-live-streaming-football-updates/138399|archive-date=10 December 2017|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.timesnownews.com|language=en}}</ref> The first match of December was at home against [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] on 3 December. The Blasters scored their first goal of the season in the 14th minute when [[Mark Sifneos]] scored from a cross from the wing. However, in the 77th minute, Mumbai City found an equalizer through [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|Balwant Singh]] and the match ended 1–1 - a third draw in a row at home.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-03|title=ISL 2017, Kerala Blasters vs Mumbai City: An enthralling contest ends in a 1-1 draw|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-2017-football-live-score-kerala-blasters-vs-mumbai-city-kerala-blasters-search-for-goals-to-continue-against-mumbai-city-fc-4966124/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701171005/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-2017-football-live-score-kerala-blasters-vs-mumbai-city-kerala-blasters-search-for-goals-to-continue-against-mumbai-city-fc-4966124/|archive-date=2021-07-01|access-date=2021-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> After playing their first three matches of the season at home, the Kerala Blasters played their first away match of the season against [[FC Goa|Goa]] at the [[Fatorda Stadium]] on 9 December. A Mark Sifneos goal in the 7th minute saw the Blasters take an early lead before [[Manuel Lanzarote]] scored a brace for Goa to give the hosts a 2–1 lead. [[Jackichand Singh]] then scored an equalizer for Kerala to make it 2–2 before halftime. The second half would be different for the Kerala Blasters as they found themselves down 5–2 by the 54th minute. [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]], who had scored a hattrick the previous match for Goa against [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]], grabbed another hattrick to succumb Kerala Blasters to their first defeat of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-12-10|title=FC Goa vs Kerala Blasters: Goa thrash Kerala 5-2|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-2017-fc-goa-vs-kerala-blasters-live-football-score-streaming-4975559/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701171122/https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league/isl-2017-fc-goa-vs-kerala-blasters-live-football-score-streaming-4975559/|archive-date=2021-07-01|access-date=2021-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>

The club responded very well from the defeat, earning their first victory of the season in the next match on 15 December against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]. [[C.K. Vineeth]], who returned from suspension, scored the only goal of the match in the 24th minute from a header which came from a [[Rino Anto]] cross.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017: Kerala Blasters vs NorthEast United FC Post Match|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-vs-northeast-united-joao-pires-de/g4gag11w893g1mewj3w5ec8rq|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122183724/https://www.goal.com/en-in/news/isl-2017-kerala-blasters-vs-northeast-united-joao-pires-de/g4gag11w893g1mewj3w5ec8rq|archive-date=22 January 2018|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref> Seven days later, the club returned to the road in the Southern derby against [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]. Despite [[Rene Mihelič]] scoring for the hosts in the 89th minute, C.K. Vineeth managed to equalize for the Kerala Blasters only five minutes later in stoppage time to give the Blasters a point.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ramakrishnan|first=Amrit|title=ISL: Blasters' Vineeth spoils Chennaiyin's party|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-blasters-vineeth-spoils-chennaiyins-party/article22261587.ece|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130200607/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/football/isl/isl-blasters-vineeth-spoils-chennaiyins-party/article22261587.ece|archive-date=30 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Sportstar|language=en}}</ref>

The Kerala Blasters then ended the year with another 'Southern Derby" match against new expansion side [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]] at the Nehru Stadium. Meulensteen made several changes from the previous match against Chennaiyin, including dropping goalkeeper [[Paul Rachubka]] to the bench for Indian goalkeeper [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]. [[Samuel Shadap]] also started at right back as replacement for the injured [[Rino Anto]]. C.K. Vineeth, who had been on form in the lead up to this match, was also dropped with no reason given and replaced with [[Iain Hume]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Zenith|first=Nived|date=2017-12-31|title=ISL 2017, Match 36: Kerala Blasters vs Bengaluru FC, Player Ratings|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-match-36-kerala-blasters-vs-bengaluru-fc-player-ratings|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121132508/https://www.sportskeeda.com/football/isl-2017-match-36-kerala-blasters-vs-bengaluru-fc-player-ratings|archive-date=21 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.sportskeeda.com|language=en-us}}</ref> During the match, the Blasters managed to hold Bengaluru at 0–0 going into halftime. However, in the 60th minute, Blasters captain [[Sandesh Jhingan]] handled the ball in the penalty box after a cross from [[Udanta Singh]]. Bengaluru's [[Sunil Chhetri]] converted the ensuing penalty to give the away side the lead.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Miku's brace and Chhetri's penalty give Bengaluru bragging rights|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mikus-brace-and-chhetris-penalty-give-bengaluru-bragging-rights|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118060341/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mikus-brace-and-chhetris-penalty-give-bengaluru-bragging-rights|archive-date=18 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Indian Super League|language=en}}</ref> The Kerala Blasters proceeded to try to find the equalizer but three minutes into stoppage time [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] found the net for Bengaluru to increase their lead and then he did it again only a minute later to make it 3–0. Despite the two late goals, [[Courage Pekuson]] managed to find time to grab a consolation goal for the Blasters in the 96th minute as they fell to their second defeat of the season.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kerala Blasters v Bengaluru Match Report, 31/12/17, Indian Super League|url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/kerala-blasters-v-bengaluru/eou4ervxdof4b2of8kux7sb56|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730171544/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/kerala-blasters-v-bengaluru/eou4ervxdof4b2of8kux7sb56|archive-date=30 July 2018|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>

After the match, on 3 January 2018, it was announced that Meulensteen had been relieved of his duties as head coach of the club.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-01-02|title=ISL side Kerala Blasters FC confirm parting of ways with Rene Meulensteen|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-side-kerala-blasters-fc-confirm-parting-of-ways-with-rene-meulensteen/story-ZGW9xVpaIIwoIkaHNh2vxI.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030203742/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-side-kerala-blasters-fc-confirm-parting-of-ways-with-rene-meulensteen/story-ZGW9xVpaIIwoIkaHNh2vxI.html|archive-date=30 October 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> That same day, the Kerala Blasters announced that [[David James (footballer, born 1970)|David James]], the club's head coach during the [[2014 Kerala Blasters season|2014 season]], would return to the club.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 3, 2018|first=James|last=Kilpatrick|title=David James becomes head coach of ISL side Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/david-james-becomes-head-coach-isl-side-kerala-blasters|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120060337/https://www.fourfourtwo.com/features/david-james-becomes-head-coach-isl-side-kerala-blasters|archive-date=20 November 2020|access-date=2021-07-01|website=fourfourtwo.com|language=en}}</ref> Also on that day, the club announced the signing of their eighth foreigner, midfielder [[Kizito Keziron]] from [[A.F.C. Leopards|Leopards]] in Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ISL 2017-18: 'He is the 'dude'!' - Keziron Kizito fulfilling his dream at Kerala Blasters|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-keziron-kizito/56kltu48p96u1cd4suikohi49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701173022/https://www.goal.com/en/news/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-keziron-kizito/56kltu48p96u1cd4suikohi49|archive-date=2021-07-01|access-date=2021-07-01|website=www.goal.com}}</ref>

James' first match in charge of the Kerala Blasters was against second place [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] on 4 January 2018. His tenure in charge did not start well as the club found themselves 1–0 down at halftime through a [[Marcelo Leite Pereira|Marcelinho]] goal. However, during the second half of the match, the Blasters came alive with James bringing on new signing [[Kizito Keziron]] after the halftime interval and the Ugandan contributed to what would be the equalizer for the Kerala Blasters. He sent a through-ball over to [[Courage Pekuson]] who then squared the ball into the middle for [[Mark Sifneos]] to slot it home in the 73rd minute.<ref name="Pune Home">{{cite news|title=Marcelinho, Sifneos on target as Pune hold Kerala at home|url=https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/marcelinho-sifneos-on-target-as-pune-hold-kerala-at-home|accessdate=4 January 2018|work=Indian Super League|date=4 January 2018|archive-date=5 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105060511/https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/marcelinho-sifneos-on-target-as-pune-hold-kerala-at-home|url-status=live}}</ref> The match would go on to end 1–1.<ref name="Pune Home"/>

After the match against Pune City, the Kerala Blasters started a three match run away from home. Their first match occurred on 10 January 2018 against last placed [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]. [[Iain Hume]] opened the scoring for the Blasters in the 12th minute when he put in a squared ball from [[Courage Pekuson]]. Then, right before halftime, Delhi found an equalizer through fullback [[Pritam Kotal]]. Hume then scored his second of the night in the 78th minute before completing his hat-trick in the 83rd minute when he outmuscled and outpaced Delhi defender [[Rowilson Rodrigues]] and chipped the ball over the onrushing goalkeeper. The match finished 3–1 to the Kerala Blasters.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kerala Blasters on fire as Iain Hume hat-trick sinks Delhi Dynamos 3-1|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league-2017-18/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-on-fire-as-iain-hume-hat-trick-sinks-delhi-dynamos-3-1-5019557/|accessdate=18 January 2018|work=Indian Express|date=10 January 2018|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118060851/http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/football/indian-super-league-2017-18/isl-2017-18-kerala-blasters-on-fire-as-iain-hume-hat-trick-sinks-delhi-dynamos-3-1-5019557/|url-status=live}}</ref> The team then extended their winning run to two, after securing a 1–0 victory in their match away to [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] on 14 January 2018. Iain Hume was once again the lone scorer for the Blasters as the Canadian found the net in the 23rd minute.<ref>{{cite news|title=Iain Hume strikes again as Kerala Blasters FC pip Mumbai City FC|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-iain-hume-strikes-again-as-kerala-blasters-fc-pip-mumbai-city-fc/story-AfVoGaWFFrE8HZika4qNBM.html|accessdate=18 January 2018|work=Hindustan Times|date=15 January 2018|archive-date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118120252/http://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-iain-hume-strikes-again-as-kerala-blasters-fc-pip-mumbai-city-fc/story-AfVoGaWFFrE8HZika4qNBM.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Three days later, the Kerala Blasters played their final of three straight away matches against [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]. [[Paul Rachubka]] returned to the starting line-up while [[C.K. Vineeth]] also returned from injury. Despite the changes, the Kerala Blasters fell 2–1 to the new expansion side from [[Jharkhand]]. [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga]] opened the scoring for Jamshedpur in the very first minute when he converted what was a scuffed shot from teammate [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Ashim Biswas]]. Biswas then found the net himself 30 minutes later to extend Jamshedpur's lead. [[Mark Sifneos]] found a consolation goal for the Blasters three minutes into second half stoppage time but it was too late to save the match.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jamshedpur FC vs Kerala Blasters: Hosts end visitors' unbeaten run|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/indian-super-league-2017-18-live-football-score-and-updates-jamshedpur-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-hosts-look-to-end-visitors-unbeaten-run-4307401.html|accessdate=18 January 2018|work=FirstPost|date=17 January 2018|archive-date=17 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117203956/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/indian-super-league-2017-18-live-football-score-and-updates-jamshedpur-fc-vs-kerala-blasters-hosts-look-to-end-visitors-unbeaten-run-4307401.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Kerala Blasters returned home with a match against [[FC Goa|Goa]] on 21 January. David James decided to go with only four foreigners on the pitch for Kerala and it proved a bad choice only seven minutes into the match as [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] found the net. However, 22 minutes later, [[C.K. Vineeth]] managed to find Kerala's equalizer after he exploited the space left by the Goan defenders in the middle. Despite that though, Goa once again took the lead in the 77th minute when [[Edu Bedia]] won the game for Goa, 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerala Blasters 1-2 Goa|url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/01/21/india/indian-super-league/kerala-blasters/india-fc-goa/2597797/|website=Soccerway|access-date=22 January 2018|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122235043/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/01/21/india/indian-super-league/kerala-blasters/india-fc-goa/2597797/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 27 January 2018, the Kerala Blasters took on bottom-placed [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]] at the Nehru Stadium in Kochi. Coming into the match, the Blasters had released Dutch striker [[Mark Sifneos]] and signed former [[Iceland national football team|Iceland international]] [[Guðjón Baldvinsson]] as a replacement.<ref name="Guo">{{cite web|title=Guðjón Baldvinsson to Kerala Blasters|url=https://twitter.com/KeralaBlasters/status/956792204978044929|website=Kerala Blasters FC (Twitter)|access-date=26 January 2018|archive-date=1 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210701172711/https://twitter.com/KeralaBlasters/status/956792204978044929|url-status=live}}</ref> David James once again sent out a side that played less than the 5 max foreigners allowed in the starting 11, with three taking the field. [[Kalu Uche]] gave the Delhi Dynamos the lead from the penalty spot in the 35th minute after [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]] brought Dynamos' [[Seityasen Singh]] down in the box. At halftime, James took off [[Karan Sawhney]] and brought on 19-year old [[Deependra Negi]] for his professional debut and three minutes into the second half the former [[India national under-17 football team|India U17]] captain scored the equalizer for the Kerala Blasters from a corner. Negi then contributed to the Blasters' second goal when he drew a penalty while running into the box. Iain Hume scored the ensuing spot kick as the Kerala Blasters went on to win 2–1.<ref>{{cite news|title=Deependra Singh Negi gives Kerala Blasters crucial win vs Delhi Dynamos FC|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-2018-deependra-singh-negi-gives-kerala-blasters-crucial-win-vs-delhi-dynamos-fc/story-iehgK6ZVBkT5nD7Gtb07xK.html|accessdate=27 January 2018|work=Hindustan Times|date=27 January 2018|archive-date=27 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127174135/https://www.hindustantimes.com/football/isl-2018-deependra-singh-negi-gives-kerala-blasters-crucial-win-vs-delhi-dynamos-fc/story-iehgK6ZVBkT5nD7Gtb07xK.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 2 February 2018, the Kerala Blasters played their first match of the last full month of the season against [[FC Pune City|Pune City]] at the Balewadi Stadium. Despite having the most chances in the first half, it took until the 58th minute for the Blasters to take the lead through [[Jackichand Singh]]. [[Emiliano Alfaro]] then equalized for Pune City in the 78th minute before [[C.K. Vineeth]] found the winner for the Kerala Blasters three minutes into stoppage time for them to win 2–1.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pune City 1-2 Kerala Blasters|url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/02/india/indian-super-league/pune-city/kerala-blasters/2597806/?ICID=PL_MS_08|website=Soccerway|access-date=2 February 2018|archive-date=3 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064620/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/02/india/indian-super-league/pune-city/kerala-blasters/2597806/?ICID=PL_MS_08|url-status=live}}</ref> Six days later, the club traveled to Kolkata to take on [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]. Despite [[Guðjón Baldvinsson]] and [[Dimitar Berbatov]] scoring their first goals for the club, both times giving the team the lead, the Blasters conceded twice to draw the match 2–2.<ref>{{cite web|title=ATK 2-2 Kerala Blasters|url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/08/india/indian-super-league/atletico-de-kolkata/kerala-blasters/2597744/|website=Soccerway|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180216205152/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/08/india/indian-super-league/atletico-de-kolkata/kerala-blasters/2597744/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Kerala Blasters then ended their three-game away run with a victory against [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]] on 17 February 2018 at the [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]. [[Wes Brown]] scored the winner for the club in the 28th minute to keep the Blasters hopes of qualification alive.<ref>{{cite web|title=NorthEast United 0-1 Kerala Blasters|url=https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/17/india/indian-super-league/northeast-united/kerala-blasters/2597819/|website=Soccerway|access-date=17 February 2018|archive-date=18 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180218041011/https://us.soccerway.com/matches/2018/02/17/india/indian-super-league/northeast-united/kerala-blasters/2597819/|url-status=live}}</ref> On 23 February, the Blasters played their final home match of the season against Southern rivals [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]. Neither side could find the net in the 0–0 draw as the Blasters' chance of qualification for the finals suffered a massive blow.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chennaiyin FC inch closer to semi-final spot after holding Kerala Blasters to goalless draw|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-chennaiyin-fc-inch-closer-to-semi-final-spot-after-holding-kerala-blasters-to-goalless-draw-4364729.html|accessdate=12 March 2018|work=FirstPost|date=24 February 2018|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313095553/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-chennaiyin-fc-inch-closer-to-semi-final-spot-after-holding-kerala-blasters-to-goalless-draw-4364729.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Blasters then ended their season on 1 March 2018 away from home against [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]. Despite managing to hold on throughout the match, Bengaluru managed to come out as 2–0 winners with stoppage time goals coming from [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] and [[Udanta Singh]]. This meant that the Blasters had failed to qualify for the finals for the second time in their history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bengaluru FC end Kerala Blasters' semi-final hopes with two late goals|url=http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-bengaluru-fc-end-kerala-blasters-semi-final-hopes-with-two-late-goals-4372769.html|accessdate=12 March 2018|work=FirstPost|date=1 March 2018|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313095509/http://www.firstpost.com/sports/isl-2017-18-bengaluru-fc-end-kerala-blasters-semi-final-hopes-with-two-late-goals-4372769.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|11|17|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 1
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-and-atk-play-out-goalless-draw-in-hero-isl-opener Report]
|team2 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 37,462
|referee = Aurélien Juenkou
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|11|24|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 2
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/rachubka-to-the-rescue-as-kerala-hold-jamshedpur-for-another-goalless-draw Report]
|team2 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 36,752
|referee = Ranjit Bakshi
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|3|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 3
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-mumbai-share-spoils-after-end-to-end-encounter Report]
|team2 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|goals1 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|14}}
|goals2 = [[Balwant Singh (footballer)|B. Singh]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 35,392
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|9|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 4
|team1 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|score = 5–2
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-undone-by-spanish-magic-as-goa-hit-them-for-five Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Manuel Lanzarote|Lanzarote]] {{goal|9||18}} [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] {{goal|47||51||54}}
|goals2 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|7}} [[Jackichand Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|30}}
|stadium = [[Fatorda Stadium]]
|location = [[Margao]]
|attendance = 18,482
|referee = [[C. R. Srikrishna]]
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|15|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 5
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–0
|report = [http://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/local-boy-vineeth-secures-keralas-first-win Report]
|team2 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|goals1 = [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|24}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 33,868
|referee = [[Rowan Arumughan]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|22|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 6
|team1 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/vineeth-cancels-mihelics-penalty-to-rescue-point-for-kerala Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|90+4}}
|goals2 = [[Rene Mihelič]] {{goal|89|pen.}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Chennai)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Chennai]]
|attendance = 16,754
|referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2017|12|31|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 7
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/mikus-brace-and-chhetris-penalty-give-bengaluru-bragging-rights Report]
|team2 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|goals1 = [[Courage Pekuson|Pekuson]] {{goal|90+6}}
|goals2 = [[Sunil Chhetri|Chhetri]] {{goal|60|pen}} [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|90+3||90+4}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 37,986
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|4|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 8
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/marcelinho-sifneos-on-target-as-pune-hold-kerala-at-home Report]
|team2 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|goals1 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|73}}
|goals2 = [[Marcelo Leite Pereira|Marcelinho]] {{goal|33}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 26,586
|referee = R. Venkatesh
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|10|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 9
|team1 = [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|score = 1–3
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/humes-hat-trick-inspires-kerala-to-victory-over-delhi Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Pritam Kotal|Kotal]] {{goal|44}}
|goals2 = [[Iain Hume|Hume]] {{goal|12||78||83}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Delhi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Delhi]]
|attendance = 10,132
|referee = Tejas Nagvenkar
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|14|df=y}}
|time = 17:30 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 10
|team1 = [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/humes-first-half-winner-helps-kerala-beat-mumbai Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Iain Hume|Hume]] {{goal|23}}
|stadium = [[Mumbai Football Arena]]
|location = [[Mumbai]]
|attendance = 8,597
|referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|17|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 11
|team1 = [[Jamshedpur FC|Jamshedpur]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/jerry-biswas-combine-to-secure-jamshedpurs-first-win-at-home Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Jerry Mawihmingthanga|Mawihmingthanga]] {{goal|1}} [[Ashim Biswas (footballer)|Biswas]] {{goal|31}}
|goals2 = [[Mark Sifneos|Sifneos]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = [[JRD Tata Sports Complex]]
|location = [[Jamshedpur]]
|attendance = 21,240
|referee = Raul Gupta
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|21|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 12
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/bedia-nets-winner-as-goa-complete-double-over-kerala Report]
|team2 = [[FC Goa|Goa]]
|goals1 = [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|29}}
|goals2 = [[Ferran Corominas|Coro]] {{goal|7}} [[Edu Bedia|Bedia]] {{goal|77}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 29,769
|referee = Raul Gupta
|result = L
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|1|27|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 13
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 2–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-down-delhi-after-falling-behind Report]
|team2 = [[Delhi Dynamos FC|Delhi Dynamos]]
|goals1 = [[Deependra Negi|Negi]] {{goal|48}} [[Iain Hume|Hume]] {{goal|75|pen}}
|goals2 = [[Kalu Uche|Uche]] {{goal|35|pen}}
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 16,796
|referee = Ranjit Bakshi
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|2|2|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 14
|team1 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|score = 1–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/kerala-leave-it-late-to-edge-past-stallions Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Emiliano Alfaro|Alfaro]] {{goal|78|pen}}
|goals2 = [[Jackichand Singh|J. Singh]] {{goal|58}} [[C.K. Vineeth|Vineeth]] {{goal|90+3}}
|stadium = Balewadi Stadium
|location = [[Pune]]
|attendance = 9,463
|referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|2|9|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 15
|team1 = [[ATK (football club)|ATK]]
|score = 2–2
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/498-kerala-blasters-fc-profile/news/kerala-squander-lead-twice-as-atk-snatch-a-point Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Ryan Taylor (footballer, born 1984)|Taylor]] {{goal|38}} [[Tom Thorpe|Thorpe]] {{goal|75}}
|goals2 = [[Guðjón Baldvinsson|Baldvinsson]] {{goal|33}} [[Dimitar Berbatov|Berbatov]] {{goal|55}}
|stadium = [[Salt Lake Stadium]]
|location = [[Kolkata]]
|attendance = 4,292
|referee = R Venkatesh
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|2|17|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 16
|team1 = [[NorthEast United FC|NorthEast United]]
|score = 0–1
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/news/browns-winner-keeps-keralas-playoff-hopes-alive Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 = [[Wes Brown|Brown]] {{goal|28}}
|stadium = [[Indira Gandhi Athletic Stadium]]
|location = [[Guwahati]]
|attendance = 1,212
|referee = Tejas Nagvenkar
|result = W
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|2|23|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 17
|team1 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|score = 0–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/498-kerala-blasters-fc-profile/news/thrilling-southern-derby-in-kochi-ends-goalless Report]
|team2 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|goals1 =
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium (Kochi)|Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium]]
|location = [[Kochi]]
|attendance = 31,259
|referee = [[Matthew Conger]]
|result = D
}}
{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|3|1|df=y}}
|time = 20:00 [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
|round = 18
|team1 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|score = 2–0
|report = [https://www.indiansuperleague.com/clubs/498-kerala-blasters-fc-profile/news/miku-udanta-inflict-injury-time-blues-on-kerala Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Miku (footballer)|Miku]] {{goal|90+1}} [[Udanta Singh|U. Singh]] {{goal|90+3}}
|goals2 =
|stadium = [[Sree Kanteerava Stadium]]
|location = [[Bangalore]]
|attendance = 25,373
|referee = Pranjal Banerjee
|result = L
}}

===Table===
{{:2017–18 Indian Super League|showteam=KER}}

===Results summary===
{{Fb_rs |hw=2 |hd=6 |hl=2 |hgf=7 |hga=8 |aw=4 |ad=1 |al=3 |agf=13 |aga=14 }}
{{Fb_rs_footer |u=1 March 2018|s=http://www.indiansuperleague.com/isl-2017/schedule-fixtures |date=November 2017}}

==Super Cup==
{{main|2018 Indian Super Cup}}

The Super Cup is a [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]] [[association football|football]] competition in India. The [[2018 Indian Super Cup|2018 edition]] was the first ever tournament. The competition only featured teams from both the [[Indian Super League]] and the [[I-League]], India's two top-tier football leagues.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|title=Inaugural Super Cup's final round from Mar 31-Apr 22: AIFF|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|accessdate=22 February 2018|work=Times of India|date=19 February 2018|archive-date=20 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220143616/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/inaugural-super-cups-final-round-from-mar-31-apr-22-aiff/articleshow/62985550.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As the Kerala Blasters finished in sixth place during the [[2017–18 Indian Super League|2017–18 ISL season]], they entered the main competition directly which was hosted at the [[Kalinga Stadium]] in [[Bhubaneswar]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Final round of Super Cup to start from March 31|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/final-round-of-super-cup-to-start-from-march-31-118031201074_1.html|accessdate=12 March 2018|work=Business Standard|date=12 March 2018|archive-date=12 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312183504/http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/final-round-of-super-cup-to-start-from-march-31-118031201074_1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Kerala Blasters were drawn to face [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]] on 6 April 2018.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ganguly|first1=Abhishek|title=Mohun Bagan face either Delhi Dynamos or Churchill Brothers in Super Cup|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-face-either-delhi-dynamos-or-churchill-brothers-in-super-cup/articleshow/63273618.cms|accessdate=12 March 2018|work=Times of India|date=12 March 2018|archive-date=13 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313134430/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/top-stories/mohun-bagan-face-either-delhi-dynamos-or-churchill-brothers-in-super-cup/articleshow/63273618.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> NEROCA had finished 2nd in the [[2017–18 I-League]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Neroca hold East Bengal, finish second in maiden I-League season|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/neroca-hold-east-bengal-finish-second-in-maiden-i-league-season/articleshow/63220157.cms|accessdate=12 March 2018|work=Times of India|date=8 March 2018|archive-date=7 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807001555/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/neroca-hold-east-bengal-finish-second-in-maiden-i-league-season/articleshow/63220157.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

After the match, the Blasters were eliminated by

losi for ng 3–2.<ref name="SC">{{cite news|title=Kerala Blasters lose to NEROCA|url=http://www.supercup.in/news/kerala-blasters-stunned-by-nerocas-12-minute-rampage|accessdate=12 May 2018|work=Super Cup|date=6 April 2018|archive-date=13 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513080444/http://www.supercup.in/news/kerala-blasters-stunned-by-nerocas-12-minute-rampage|url-status=live}}</ref> Goals for NEROCA were scored by [[Jean-Michel Joachim]], [[Aryn Williams]], and [[Felix Chidi Odili]] while Kerala Blasters found the net through [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]] and [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]].<ref name="SC" />

{{football box collapsible
|date = {{Start date|2018|4|6|df=y}}
|time =
|round = First round
|team1 = [[NEROCA F.C.|NEROCA]]
|score = 3–2
|report = [http://www.supercup.in/news/kerala-blasters-stunned-by-nerocas-12-minute-rampage Report]
|team2 = [[Kerala Blasters FC|Kerala Blasters]]
|goals1 = [[Jean-Michel Joachim|Joachim]] {{goal|68}} [[Aryn Williams|Williams]] {{goal|79}} [[Felix Chidi Odili|Odili]] {{goal|81|pen.}}
|goals2 = [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]] {{goal|11}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni|Karuthadathkuni]] {{goal|49}}
|stadium = [[Kalinga Stadium]]
|location = [[Bhubaneswar]]
|attendance = 1,865
|referee = [[Pranjal Banerjee]]
|result = L
}}

==Player statistics==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:50%; text-align:center;"
|+ style="background:#FFFFFFF; border-top:#FFFF00 5px solid; border-bottom:#1047AB 5px solid;"| Season stats
|-
! rowspan="2"|#
! rowspan="2"|Position
! rowspan="2"|Player
! colspan="4"|League
! colspan="4"|Cup
! colspan="4"|Total
|-
! {{abbr|GP|Games played}} !! {{abbr|G|Goals}} !![[File:Yellow card.svg|13px|Booked|alt=A yellow rectangular card]] !![[File:Red card.svg|13px|Sent off|alt=A red rectangular card]] !! {{abbr|GP|Games played}} !! {{abbr|G|Goals}} !![[File:Yellow card.svg|13px|Booked|alt=A yellow rectangular card]] !![[File:Red card.svg|13px|Sent off|alt=A red rectangular card]] !! {{abbr|GP|Games played}} !! {{abbr|G|Goals}} !![[File:Yellow card.svg|13px|Booked|alt=A yellow rectangular card]] !![[File:Red card.svg|13px|Sent off|alt=A red rectangular card]]
|-
| 1 || GK ||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Rachubka]] || 11(1) || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''12(1)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 4 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Nemanja Lakić-Pešić]] || 9(3) || 0 || 7 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''10(3)''' || '''0''' || '''7''' || '''0'''
|-
| 6 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wes Brown]] || 14 || 1 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''15''' || '''1''' || '''3''' || '''0'''
|-
| 7 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Karan Sawhney]] || 2(2) || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''2(2)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 8 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Arun c francis]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 9 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Berbatov]] || 8(1) || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''8(1)''' || '''1''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 10 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]] || 10(3) || 5 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''10(3)''' || '''5''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 11 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]] || 4(6) || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 ||0 || '''5(6)''' || '''1''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 12 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Milan Singh]] || 9(6) || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''10(6)''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 13 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]] || 13 (1) || 4 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''14(1)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 14 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Loken Meitei]] || 1(5) || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0(1) || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''1(6)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 15 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Deependra Negi]] || 1(2) || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0(1) || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''1(3)''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 16 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Guðjón Baldvinsson]] || 4(2) || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''4(2)''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 18 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sahal Abdul Samad]] || 0(2) || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0(2)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 19 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Siam Hanghal]] || 6(2) || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''6(2)''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 20 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]] || 16(1) || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''16(1)''' || '''2''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 21 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandesh Jhingan]] || 17 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''18''' || '''0''' || '''4''' || '''0'''
|-
| 22 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Jishnu Balakrishnan || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 23 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Pritam Kumar Singh]] || 0 (1) || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0(1)''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 24 || GK ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sandip Nandy]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 25 || GK ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Sujith Sasikumar || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 27 || GK ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]] || 7 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''7''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 28 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Samuel Shadap]] || 2(2) || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''2(2)''' || '''0''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
| 31 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Rino Anto]] || 13 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0(1) || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''13(1)''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 32 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalthakima]] || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 36 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} Ajith Sivan || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 39 || DF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Lalruatthara]] || 17 || 0 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''18''' || '''0''' || '''4''' || '''0'''
|-
| 85 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]] || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 ||0 || '''2''' || '''1''' || '''0''' || '''0'''
|-
| 99 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Courage Pekuson]] || 17 || 1 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 0 ||0 || '''18''' || '''1''' || '''1''' || '''0'''
|-
|colspan="7" align=center|'''Left Club Midseason'''
|-
| 29 || FW ||align="left"|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Mark Sifneos]] || 7 (5) || 4 || 1 || 0
|-
| 17 || MF ||align="left"|{{flagicon|UGA}} [[Kizito Keziron]] || 3 (1) || 0 || 0 || 0
|}

===Goalscorers===
{{updated|6 April 2018}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width:56px;"|Rank
!style="width:64px;"|Position
!style="width:200px;"|Name
!style="width:150px;"|Indian Super League
!style="width:150px;"|Indian Super Cup
!style="width:84px;"|Total
|-
|rowspan=1|1
|FW
|align=left|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Iain Hume]]
|5
|0
!5
|-
|rowspan=2|2
|FW
|align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Mark Sifneos]]
|4
|0
!4
|-
|MF
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[C.K. Vineeth]]
|4
|0
!4
|-
|rowspan=1|4
|MF
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Jackichand Singh]]
|2
|0
!2
|-
|rowspan=7|5
|MF
|align=left|{{flagicon|GHA}} [[Courage Pekuson]]
|1
|0
!1
|-
|MF
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Deependra Negi]]
|1
|0
!1
|-
|FW
|align=left|{{flagicon|ISL}} [[Guðjón Baldvinsson]]
|1
|0
!1
|-
|FW
|align=left|{{flagicon|BUL}} [[Dimitar Berbatov]]
|1
|0
!1
|-
|DF
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Wes Brown]]
|1
|0
!1
|-
|MF
|align=left|{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Pulga (footballer)|Pulga]]
|0
|1
!1
|-
|FW
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Prasanth Karuthadathkuni]]
|0
|1
!1
|}

===Clean sheets===
{{updated|6 April 2018}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!style="width:56px;"|Rank
!style="width:200px;"|Name
!style="width:150px;"|Indian Super League
!style="width:84px;"|Total
|-
|1
|align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Paul Rachubka]]
|5
|5
|-
|2
|align=left|{{flagicon|IND}} [[Subhasish Roy Chowdhury]]
|1
|1
|}

==See also==
* [[2017–18 in Indian football]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kerala Blasters FC}}
{{2017–18 in Indian football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:2017-18 Kerala Blasters FC season}}
[[Category:Kerala Blasters FC seasons]]
[[Category:2017–18 Indian Super League season by team|Kerala Blasters FC]]

Sector 36

2026-03-22T21:48:29Z

Kristie5701: done.

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Sector 36
| image = Sector 36.jpg
| caption = Official release poster
| director = Aditya Nimbalkar
| writer = Bodhayan Roychaudhury
| story =
| producer = [[Dinesh Vijan]] [[Jyoti Deshpande]]
| starring = {{plainlist|
* [[Vikrant Massey]]
* [[Deepak Dobriyal]]
* [[Akash Khurana]]
*[[Darshan Jariwala]]
}}
| cinematography = [[Saurabh Goswami]]
| editing = [[A. Sreekar Prasad]]
| music = '''Songs:''' OAFF—Savera Dhunkey Gourov Dasgupta [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]] '''Score:''' Ketan Sodha
| studio = [[Maddock Films]] [[Jio Studios]]
| distributor = [[Netflix]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2024|9|13}}
| runtime = 124 minutes<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sector-36-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0mjq1 |title=''Sector 36'' (15) |website=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=12 September 2024 |access-date=12 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150636/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/sector-36-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmdi0mjq1 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| country = India
| language = Hindi
}}
'''''Sector 36''''' is 2024 Indian Hindi-language [[crime thriller]] film directed by Aditya Nimbalkar and written by Bodhayan Roychaudhury.<ref>{{cite web |author=The Hindu Bureau |title=Netflix announces new crime thriller 'Sector 36' starring Vikrant Massey and Deepak Dobriyal |website=The Hindu |date=12 August 2024 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/netflix-announces-new-crime-thriller-sector-36-starring-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyal/article68515990.ece |access-date=24 August 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150652/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/netflix-announces-new-crime-thriller-sector-36-starring-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyal/article68515990.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> Produced by [[Maddock Films]] and [[Jio Studios]], it stars [[Vikrant Massey]], [[Deepak Dobriyal]] and [[Akash Khurana]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Web |first1=Statesman |title=Vikrant Massey, Deepak Dobriyal star in gripping crime thriller 'Sector 36' |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-star-in-gripping-crime-thriller-sector-36-1503330877.html |website=The Statesman |language=en |date=12 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816143105/https://www.thestatesman.com/entertainment/vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-star-in-gripping-crime-thriller-sector-36-1503330877.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sector-36-trailer-vikrant-massey-unleashes-terror-as-a-serial-killer-cop-deepak-dobriyal-tries-to-hunt-him-down-9551920/ |title=Sector 36 trailer: Vikrant Massey unleashes terror as a serial killer; cop Deepak Dobriyal tries to hunt him down |date=5 September 2024 |work=The Indian Express |access-date=6 September 2024 |archive-date=6 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240906015613/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/sector-36-trailer-vikrant-massey-unleashes-terror-as-a-serial-killer-cop-deepak-dobriyal-tries-to-hunt-him-down-9551920/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It is based on the [[2006 Noida serial murders]] in [[Nithari Village]]. It premiered on Netflix on 13 September 2024 to mixed reviews from critics.

==Plot==
The film opens up with Prem Singh, the house help of a wealthy and powerful businessman Balbir Bassi who is seen chopping a dead girl's corpse and the scene cuts to [[Sub-inspector|Sub Inspector]] (SI) Ram Charan Pandey who is a corrupt officer and is irritated with the daily cases of children missing from the nearby slum and stops registering [[First information report|FIR]]'s as per the orders of his seniors.

One day, a rotten skeleton of a human hand is found in the drains of the slum. SI Ram Charan dismisses it by calling it an animal's hand and providing some money to the boy who discovered the hand. Later, Prem kidnaps the boy and chops his body into pieces after killing him. He has a friend, Chote Lal, with whom he runs a business of organ trafficking, and both of them share the money they earn from the business.

In a flashback, a child Prem is seen being abused by his uncle (who is a butcher), who raped him daily, but one day Prem attacks him, chopping him into pieces.

Bassi, residing in [[Karnal]], visits his house in [[Delhi]] (which is guarded by Prem) and had informed Prem to bring Chumki home. Chumki is reported missing after that night, and SI Ram dismisses Chumki's father angrily after a conflict. That night, Prem tries to kidnap Ram Charan's daughter, but Ram Charan manages to save her, now realising that the cases of missing children are real kidnappings, and he promises his wife that he will bring the truth out.

A wealthy household's child is kidnapped, leading to a nationwide manhunt and the child being found in only two days, depicting how low-profile cases are not cared about, but when it's a high-profile case, everybody comes to action, exposing the dark reality of the system.

SI Ram Charan registers an FIR of Chumki's disappearance and reaches Bassi, who brushes off Chumki's father, saying he is a pimp of his daughter. This enrages Ram Charan, and he beats Chumki's father and asks him to leave. Ram Charan's senior officer warns him not to involve Bassi in any way in the case. He finds Chumki's mobile phone with the [[Auto rickshaw|auto-driver]], who had dropped her at Balbir's residence. He learns that Prem had given the mobile to the auto-driver to throw it off, but he didn't, and that Prem is directly involved in this case, leading to his temporary suspension for not following the orders of his senior.

After returning to duty, Ram Charan takes Chote Lal into custody, and he confesses that Prem had made Chumki disappear. His senior officer, Rastogi, now under pressure that Ram is near to the truth, bribes Ram's junior officer, Shravan Kumar Pathak, to hand over Chote Lal to assassins. When Ram Charan finds that Chote Lal is missing, he thrashes Pathak because his carelessness resulted in the disappearance of an important witness. He is calmed down by his senior officer. With the testimony provided by the auto-driver, Ram arrests Prem Singh and interrogates him. To his shock, Prem reveals everything-how he kidnaps kids, rapes them, and chops them off after killing them. He also reveals that he cannibalises some of the meat and does organ trafficking, and sends the money to his family. He goes on to admit to raping Chumki, killing her, and dismembering her because she refused his advances. This leaves Ram Charan and his senior in shock. They ask Prem about Bassi's involvement, but he refuses to answer. Ram Charan beats him and asks why he kidnapped, raped, and murdered all those children? Prem is worried about missing a TV game show and continues to answer their questions, thinking that if he answers the questions quickly, they will let him go so he can watch the TV show. He says the poor children are of no use to society and their lives don't matter. Ram Charan arrests him, and finally, the truth is uncovered. It is reported that 25 minors were kidnapped, brutally assaulted, and killed in the residence of Bassi. This leads to Bassi being arrested. As more children's bodies are found, the public becomes outraged, and extra guards are brought in to prevent them from getting to Prem to kill him. Bassi responds to the allegations by blaming the crimes on Prem. As a result, Bassi is acquitted, but Ram decides to expose the truth about Bassi as well.

Ram Charan visits Prem in jail and tells him that the money he sent to his family actually never reached them. He then tells him that Bassi has blamed all the crimes on Prem. Shocked and outraged, Prem confesses to Bassi's involvement. Ram Charan then visits Prem's village and finds a CD that Prem had couriered to his wife with the title 'Sada Bahar [[Tarana|Tarane]]' ({{Translation|Evergreen Songs}}). He plays it on his laptop and sees the [[Multimedia Messaging Service|MMS]] tapes of Bassi. The sounds are of a child crying and a man's guttural sound. Ram appears horrified and sickened by what he sees. He leaves to return to Delhi and is picked up by the same assassins who murdered Chote Lal. He is brutally killed. The CD is destroyed, and the killers toss the CD case out the window, where it lands on the side of the road.

Shravan Kumar Pathak succeeds Ram Charan as SI, and now Ram Charan is also reported in the missing persons list. Six months later, the assassins are arrested, and a box is delivered to the residence of Ram Charan's junior officer, Bishnoi. He finds a CD inside, titled 'Aur Bhi Sada Bahar Tarane' ({{Translation|Even More Evergreen Songs}}).

== Cast ==
* [[Vikrant Massey]] as Prem Singh
** Raghav Kalra as young Prem
* [[Deepak Dobriyal]] as [[Inspector]] Ram Charan Pandey
* [[Akash Khurana]] as Balbir Singh Bassi, Prem's boss and Jawahar's best friend
* [[Darshan Jariwala]] as [[Deputy commissioner|DCP]] Jawahar Rastogi
* [[Baharul Islam (actor)|Baharul Islam]] as Bhupen Saikia
* Ihana Kaur as Vaidehi "Vedu" Pandey, Ram Charan's daughter
* Tanushree Das as Chumki Ghosh
* Subir Bisawas as Harisadhan Ghosh, Chumki's father
* Kacho Ahmed as [[Compounding|Compounder]] Chote Lal, Prem's friend and accomplice
* Ajit Palawat as [[Constable]] Shravan Kumar Pathak "Pathak"
* Mahadev Lakhawat as Constable Bishnoi
* Fareed Ahmad as Prem's uncle
* Trimala Adhikari as Jyoti Singh, Prem's wife

== Production ==
The film was announced in June 2022.<ref>{{cite web |author=The Hindu Bureau |title=Maddock Films developing movie series based on 'Arabian Nights', shares 15-film slate |website=The Hindu |date=20 June 2023 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maddock-films-developing-movie-series-based-on-arabian-nights-shares-15-film-slate/article66989650.ece |access-date=24 August 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150803/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/maddock-films-developing-movie-series-based-on-arabian-nights-shares-15-film-slate/article66989650.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the film commenced in June 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sector 36: Shoot for Vikrant Massey-Deepak Dobiryal Starrer Crime-Thriller Starts Today |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/sector-36-shoot-for-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobiryal-starrer-crime-thriller-starts-today-5359345.html |website=News18 |language=en |date=13 June 2022}}</ref>

== Release ==
The film had its world premiere at the [[Indian Film Festival of Melbourne|15th Indian Film Festival of Melbourne]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Aug/23/vikrant-masseys-sector-36-premiers-at-the-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne |title=Vikrant Massey's Sector 36 premiers at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne |website=[[Cinema Express]] |date=23 August 2024 |access-date=24 August 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150758/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/hindi/news/2024/Aug/23/vikrant-masseys-sector-36-premiers-at-the-indian-film-festival-of-melbourne |url-status=live}}</ref> on 18 August 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Film Festival Of Melbourne |url=https://www.iffm.com.au/iffm-schedule.html |website=iffm.com.au |language=en |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150641/https://www.iffm.com.au/iffm-schedule.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It premiered on [[Netflix]] on 13 September 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sector 36: Vikrant Massey And Deepak Dobriyal's Crime Thriller Set For September Release, Deets Inside |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/sector-36-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyals-crime-thriller-set-for-september-release-deets-inside-9013004.html |website=News18 |language=en |date=12 August 2024 |access-date=16 August 2024 |archive-date=16 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816141746/https://www.news18.com/movies/sector-36-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyals-crime-thriller-set-for-september-release-deets-inside-9013004.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Music ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Sector 36
| year = 2024
| type = soundtrack
| artist = OAFF—Savera, Dhunkey, Gourov Dasgupta and [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]]
| released = 12 September 2024
| recorded = 2023
| studio =
| genre = [[Soundtrack#Film and television soundtracks|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 14:44
| language = Hindi
| label = [[Sony Music India]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|W9lOsBS5cFk|Sector 36 (Audio Jukebox)}}
}}
}}

The music of the film was composed by OAFF—Savera, Dhunkey, Gourov Dasgupta and [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]] while the background score is composed by Ketan Sodha. The lyrics were written by Dhunkey, Yashwardhan Goswami, Farhan Memon and Sameer Rahat.

{{Track listing
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 14:44
| title1 = Damroo
| extra1 = [[Mohit Chauhan]], [[Anupam Amod]]
| music1 = Dhunkey
| lyrics1 = Dhunkey
| length1 = 3:43
| title2 = Saaya
| extra2 = Kanishk Seth
| music2 = [[Kanishk Seth (musician)|Kanishk Seth]]
| lyrics2 = Yashwardhan Goswami
| length2 = 3:51
| title3 = Maan Kafira
| extra3 = [[Amit Mishra (singer)|Amit Mishra]]
| music3 = Gourov Dasgupta
| lyrics3 = Farhan Memon
| length3 = 4:35
| title4 = Ruan
| extra4 = Kamakshi Khanna
| music4 = OAFF—Savera
| lyrics4 = Sameer Rahat
| length4 = 2:35
}}

==Reception==
''Sector 36'' received mixed reviews from critics. {{Rotten Tomatoes prose|score=47|count=19|average=6.1|consensus=|ref=yes |access-date=22 September 2024}}

A critic from ''[[Bollywood Hungama]]'' gave 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote "''Sector 36'' is not for the faint-hearted and works due to its theme, dramatic moments and brilliant performances by Vikrant Massey and Deepak Dobiryal."<ref>{{cite web |author1=Bollywood Hungama News Network |title=The Sector 36 Movie Review |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sector-36/critic-review/sector-36-movie-review/sector-36-works-due-to-its-theme-and-dramatic-moments/ |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150718/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sector-36/critic-review/sector-36-movie-review/sector-36-works-due-to-its-theme-and-dramatic-moments/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Vineeta Kumar of ''[[India Today]]'' gave 3 stars out of 5 and said "A crime thriller like Sector 36 is not for all. It is gory, cold and sends shivers down your spine".<ref>{{cite news |first=Vineeta |last=Kumar |title=Sector 36 review: A tough watch where Vikrant Massey and Deepak Dobriyal excel |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sector-36-review-a-tough-watch-where-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyal-excel-netflix-film-review-2599073-2024-09-13 |website=[[India Today]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913114824/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/reviews/story/sector-36-review-a-tough-watch-where-vikrant-massey-and-deepak-dobriyal-excel-netflix-film-review-2599073-2024-09-13}}</ref> [[Deepa Gahlot]] of ''[[Rediff.com]]'' gave the film 2.5/5 stars and warns "Sector 36 goes for gruesomeness and shock; watching it needs a tough heart or a quick averting of the eyes."<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gahlot |first1=Deepa |title=Sector 36 Review: Nightmarish |url=https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/sector-36-review/20240913.htm |website=Rediff |language=en |access-date=17 September 2024 |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150804/https://m.rediff.com/movies/review/sector-36-review/20240913.htm |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Saibal Chatterjee]] of ''[[NDTV]]'' rated 2 stars out of 5 and said that "A portrait of a psychopath is never easy to pull off. Sector 36, inspired by the 2005-2006 Nithari killings, attempts the task without achieving much success".<ref>{{cite news |first=Saibal |last=Chatterjee |title=Sector 36 Review: Vikrant Massey's Film Is Too Haywire To Be A Hard-Hitting Chronicle |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sector-36-review-vikrant-masseys-film-is-too-haywire-to-be-a-hard-hitting-chronicle-6555979 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917150641/https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/sector-36-review-vikrant-masseys-film-is-too-haywire-to-be-a-hard-hitting-chronicle-6555979}}</ref>
[[Shubhra Gupta]] of ''[[The Indian Express]]'' gave 2.5 stars out of 5 and stated that "Vikrant Massey, in a 360-degree turnaround from the sincere student of 12th Fail, works at making his Prem believable, his unctuous smile and creepy banter hiding his real self: this is not a man you would want waiting for you on a dark street."<ref>{{cite news |first=Shubhra |last=Gupta |title=Sector 36 movie review: Vikrant Massey, Deepak Dobriyal shine in Netflix film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-9565570/ |website=[[The Indian Express]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=13 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913072922/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-9565570/}}</ref>

Shilajit Mitra of ''[[The Hindu]]'' stated in his review that "At once vague, violent and exploitative, this Netflix crime thriller based on true events, though impressively shot, inspires no confidence".<ref>{{cite news |first=Shilajit |last=Mitra |title='Sector 36' movie review: Vikrant Massey, Deepak Dobriyal throw down in rancid thriller |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-throw-down-in-rancid-thriller/article68637642.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref> Nandini Ramnath of ''[[Scroll.in]]'' says in her review that "As a barely disguised dramatisation of a gory crime, Sector 36 doesn’t disappoint. Brutalised bodies, scattered guts, trails of blood – Aditya Nimbalkar’s movie based on the Nithari serial murders of 2006 is designed to shock."<ref>{{cite news |first=Nandini |last=Ramnath |title='Sector 36' review: The serial killer hogs the show in slickly packaged sordid thriller |url=https://scroll.in/reel/1072971/sector-36-review-the-serial-killer-hogs-the-show-in-slickly-packaged-sordid-thriller |website=[[Scroll.in]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=17 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240917151220/https://scroll.in/reel/1072971/sector-36-review-the-serial-killer-hogs-the-show-in-slickly-packaged-sordid-thriller}}</ref>

Rishabh Suri of ''[[Hindustan Times]]'' writes in his review that "It’s the typical, done-to-death montage of news articles. I strongly feel it hampers the film's flow, and doesn't go with the overall mood, but to each his own."<ref>{{cite news |first=Rishabh |last=Suri |title=Sector 36 movie review: Vikrant Massey and Deepak Dobriyal revisit real-life horror with intense performances |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/sector-36-movie-review-vikrant-massey-deepak-dobriyal-revisit-real-life-horror-nithari-killings-intense-performances-101726209695594.html |website=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=13 September 2024 |access-date=13 September 2024}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt21626774}}
* {{Netflix title}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/sector-36/cast/ Sector 36] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Portal bar|India|Film}}

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Ram Kalyan Sharma

2026-03-15T04:02:38Z

Kristie5701: Added The Biography Initial Version!

{{Short description|Indian independence activist (1912–1947)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix = [[Shaheed]]
| name = Ram Kalyan Sharma
| image = [[File:Ram Kalyan Sharma.jpg|100 px|Martyr Ram Kalyan Sharma Photo]]
| native_name = राम कल्याण शर्मा
| native_name_lang = hi
| birth_date = {{birth date|1912|01|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Bundi State]], [[Rajasthan]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1947|08|11|1912|01|08|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Bundi]], [[Rajasthan]]
| death_cause = [[Execution by firing squad]]
| monuments = Shaheed Ram Kalyan Smarak, Bundi
| education = [[Bachelor of Laws]]
| occupation = [[Advocate]]
| movement = [[Quit India Movement]]
| spouse = Bhawari Bai
| father = Bajran Lal Sharma
}}

'''Ram Kalyan Sharma''' (8 January 1912 — 11 August 1947) was an Indian revolutionary who played a role in [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] movement.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-03-02 |title=रामकल्याण ने सीने पर गोली खाई पर फिर भी थामे रहे तिरंगा |url=https://dainiknavajyoti.com/article/54716/ramkalyan-got-shot-on-the-chest-but-still-held-the-tricolor |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=[[Dainik Navajyoti]] |language=hi}}</ref>

==Early life==
Ram Kalyan Sharma was born on 8 January 1912 in [[Bundi]], [[Rajasthan]]. He was involved in revolutionary activities at a young age, inspired by [[Bhagat Singh]] and [[Chandra Shekhar Azad]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mahotsav |first=Amrit |title=Ram Kalyan Sharma |url=https://amritmahotsav.nic.in/district-reopsitory-detail.htm?12471 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Ministry of Culture, [[Government of India]] |language=English}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=बूंदी |first=सलीम अली |date=2022-08-14 |title=Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav: बूंदी के इस स्वतंत्रता सेनानी ने अंग्रेजों के सामने निकाली थी तिरंगा यात्रा, सीने पर खाई गोली लेकिन नहीं छोड़ा राष्ट्रीय ध्वज |url=https://www.abplive.com/states/rajasthan/bundi-news-freedom-fighter-ram-kalyan-sharma-took-out-the-tiranga-yatra-in-front-of-the-british-ann-2191644 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=[[ABP News]] |language=hi}}</ref>

==Legacy==
On 11 August 1947, Ram Kalyan left home for [[Hindoli]] [[Court]]. When he reached Nahar ka Chohatta in Bundi after leaving his daughters at school, he got a message that no one could lead the Motor Trade Association procession. He volunteered.<ref name=":1" /> Sharma's procession was blocked by the police.<ref name=":1" />

Aerial firing and the resulting stampede caused people to climb trees. Sharma remained along with others carrying the flag and sat on the ground carrying the [[Tiranga|tricolor]] flag. Sharma rejected British warnings to stop the procession, leave the flag, and leave, appealing to his family.<ref name=":0" />

The police opened fire, and he collapsed while holding the tricolor flag. He was taken to the hospital and succumbed to his injuries on 11 August 1947. He died 4 days before India gained [[Independence Day (India)|independence from the United Kingdom.]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-11 |title=शहीद रामकल्याण को दी श्रद्धांजलि |url=https://www.patrika.com/bundi-news/bundi-news-bundi-rajasthan-news-shaheed-ramakalyan-tribute-sacrifice-4960680 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=[[Rajasthan Patrika]] |language=hi}}</ref>

A memorial in his honor, Shaheed Ram Kalyan Smarak, was established in [[Bundi]]. Several streets were named in recognition of his contributions.<ref>{{Cite news |title=खोजागेट: शहीद स्मारक के जीर्णाेद्धार का निर्णय |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/latest-bundi-news-040031-2449942.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-08-14 |title=राष्ट्रीय ध्वज का आशीर्वाद लेने उमड़ पड़ी छोटीकाशी, जन-जन हुआ अभिभूत {{!}} Rajasthan patrika 'mahaan tiranga yaatra concluded in Bundi |url=https://www.patrika.com/bundi-news/rajasthan-patrika-mahaan-tiranga-yaatra-concluded-in-bundi-3255641 |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=Patrika News |language=hi}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Ram Kalyan Sharma married Bhawari Bai. Their son Chail Bihari Sharma became involved in legal proceedings.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://indiankanoon.org/doc/60878309 | title=Chail Bihari Sharma Son Of Shri Ram ... vs State Of Rajasthan | date=2021-01-30}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Nanak Bheel]]
* [[Pandit Nayanuram Sharma]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Ram Kalyan}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Bundi State]]

Bairhana

2026-03-14T11:48:57Z

Kristie5701:

{{Short description|Human settlement in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2018}}

'''Bairhana''' ({{Langx|hi|बैरहना}})is a locality/township of [[Prayagraj]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-12-31 |title=15 smart e-buses start running on roads in Prayagraj |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/15-smart-e-buses-start-running-on-roads-in-prayagraj-101640973230856.html |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> The township of Bairhana is further divided into two localities: New Bairhana and the Old Bairhana . Near Bairhana chauraha is a colonial era cemetery, called the "Gora Kabristan", where the dead bodies of British soldiers killed during 1857 revolt were buried.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Coord|25.441|81.855|display=title}}

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Prayagraj]]

{{Allahabad-geo-stub}}

Kurinjipadi

2026-03-10T18:54:15Z

Kristie5701:

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Kurinjipadi
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Municipality
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Tamil Nadu
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Tamil Nadu, India
| coordinates = {{coord|11.57|N|79.60|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Tamil Nadu]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Cuddalore district|Cuddalore]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Chola Nadu]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 21
| population_total = 23159
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 607302
| registration_plate = TN31
| website =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kurinjipadi''' (also spelt as '''Kurinjippadi''') is a [[Municipality]] and [[taluk]] in [[Cuddalore district]] in the [[India]], [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Tamil Nadu]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}

==Geography==
Kurinjipadi is located at {{Coord|11.57|N|79.60|E|}}.<ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/25/Kurinjippadi.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Kurinjipadi]</ref> It has an average elevation of {{convert|21|m|ft|abbr=on}}.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

==Demography and politics==
{{As of|2001}} India [[census]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional) |url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999 |archive-date=16 June 2004 |access-date=1 November 2008 |publisher=Census Commission of India}}</ref> Kurinjipadi had a population of 23,159. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Kurinjipadi has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 58%. In Kurinjipadi, 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Kurinjipadi assembly constituency is part of [[Cuddalore (Lok Sabha constituency)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies |url=http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060504185928/http://archive.eci.gov.in/se2001/background/S22/TN_ACPC.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2006 |access-date=9 October 2008 |website=Tamil Nadu |publisher=Election Commission of India}}</ref>

==Economy==
Kurinjipadi one of the 13 hand loom clusters in India famous for hand loom products since the 18th century. The hand loom lungies are exported to Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Gulf countries and other East Asian nations. It is strategically located close to [[Chidambaram]], [[Cuddalore]], [[Panruti]], [[Neyveli]], [[Vadalur]] and [[Virudhachalam]]. The dairy products and crops from this region are of good quality. The major crops are Paddy, Sugarcane and Groundnut. Saravana Global Energy Ltd is major employment source. Agriculture and Handloom are major source of income. It is still not satisfied in industrial opportunities. A special economic Zone is necessary for development in economical means. It is also a newly divided taluk.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

==Landmarks==
The Shri Subraya Swamigal shrine has its own significance for the antique idols made from the 18th century to the 20th century.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

The ruins of Venugopalaswami temple at Vengadampet or Vengadampatti,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/a-forgotten-temple/article3257923.ece|title=A forgotten temple|newspaper=The Hindu|date=29 March 2012|last1=Krishnamachari|first1=Suganthy}}</ref> which is almost 500 years old, is an exemplary red brick architecture built by Rani Vengattammal.{{fact|date=March 2019}} Pondicherry Chief Dubash Anandharangapillai's diary contains a reference about this temple and its connection with the Anglo-French war.{{Fact|date=March 2019}}

==Education==
Schools in Kurinjipadi are Government Higher secondary school, S.K.Velayutham Higher Secondary School (Govt Aided), Sri Gayathri Matriculation School, St. Paul Matriculation Higher Secondary school, S.K.V.T Matriculation school, Arunachala matriculation higher secondary school, Sri Ram matriculation higher secondary school etc. Colleges are S.K.V Women's Arts and Science College and Thiruvalluvar Arts and Science College. In 1999 a teacher training college (Om Muruga teacher training institute) has been set up. Several Computer education and Information Technology training institutes have come up in the region.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==See also==
{{Cuddalore District}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Cuddalore district]]

Vibhuti Patel

2026-03-10T04:29:56Z

Kristie5701: entry.

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Vibhuti Patel
| image =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|06|18}}
| birth_place = [[Vadodara]]
| occupation = Academic, writer, political activist and feminist
| title = Professor
| website =
| education = B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Post Doctorate in Economics
, BS MS PhD
| alma_mater = M.S. University [[University of Mumbai]]
| thesis_title = Under utilisation of Labour Power in India
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year = 1988
| workplaces = [[SNDT Women's University]] and Tata Institute of Social Sciences
}}
'''Vibhuti Patel''' (born 18 June 1955) is an Indian academic, writer, political activist and feminist.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=Gendered Experiences of COVID-19: Women, Labour, and Informal Sector {{!}} Economic and Political Weekly |url=https://www.epw.in/engage/article/gendered-experiences-covid-19-women-labour-and |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www.epw.in |language=en}}</ref>

== Education ==
Patel was born in [[Vadodara]] in a middle-class family of [[Patidar]] community.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=ED. RITU MENON |url=http://archive.org/details/MakingADifference-MemoirsFromTheWomensMovementsInIndia |title=MAKING A DIFFERENCE - MEMOIRS FROM THE WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS IN INDIA |language=English}}</ref> Her parents wanted her to study medicine but she declined after writing the medical entrance exam and joined arts to pursue economics and to understand [[Marxian economics]] better. She completed her graduation in 1975 and post-graduation in 1977 from M. S. University, Vadodara, [[Gujarat]]. She did her Ph.D. on 'Underutilisation of Labour power in India' in 1987 from the Department of Economics, [[University of Mumbai]].<ref name=":2">[https://www.econ-jobs.com/research/18062-Girls-and-Girlhoods-at-Threshold-of-Youth-and-Gender.pdf CV for Vibhuti Patel]</ref>

== Career ==
Patel is a professor and head, of the Department of Economics at [[SNDT Women's University]], Mumbai. She also worked at [[Tata Institute of Social Sciences]], Mumbai.<ref name=":0" />

She started her academic career as a reader from 1988 to 1993 at the Research Centre for Women's Studies (RCWS), SNDT Women's University, Juhu Campus, Mumbai, and also taught women's studies to M.Phil. students in the P.G. Department of Teaching and Research in Economics and supervised theses of M.Phil. and PhD students. During 1993–94, she was a visiting faculty at the Centre for Social Studies, Surat, where she prepared a monograph on "Social Construction of Paid and Unpaid Work of Gujarati Women in Bombay Presidency (1880-1930)." Then, after being a consultant at the Ministry of Youth Affairs, Government of India, Delhi in connection with Perspective Plan for Indian Youth 1995, she taught M.A. Economics for distance education students at the PG Department of Economics, SNDT Women's University, Mumbai from 1994 to 2002. From 2002 to 2004, she was the reader at the Department of Economics, University of Mumbai. Later, she returned to SNDT Women's University and was the director at the Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research till 2012. From 2011 to 2015, she was an ad hoc member of the Board of Studies, Women's Studies and Development under the Faculty of Social Sciences, R.T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur.<ref name=":2" />

Earlier in 2011, she was also on the Technical Advisory Group of [[UNFPA]] for the project "Enhancing male participation for improving gender equality in Maharashtra" and on the expert committee (EC) for Mission on Science and Technology for Women, [[Ministry of Science and Technology]], Government of India, Delhi.<ref name=":2" />

She authored several books and wrote many chapters in academic textbooks. 'Gendered Inequalities in Paid and Unpaid Work of Women in India,' co-authored with Nandita Mondal, Women's Challenges of the New Millennium and An Intersectional Gendered Discourse on Empowerment During Pre and Post COVID-19 Pandemic are well received.<ref name=":1" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patel, Vibhuti}}
[[Category:1955 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:SNDT Women's University]]
[[Category:Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda alumni]]
[[Category:Indian women economists]]
[[Category:Indian activists]]
[[Category:Feminist economists]]

Nalla Theerpu

2026-03-04T05:01:46Z

Kristie5701: made article.

{{Short description|1959 film by T. Prakash Rao}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Nalla Theerpu.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[T. Prakash Rao]]
| writer = [[Murasoli Maran]]
| producer = Sundar Lal Nahatha
| starring = [[Gemini Ganesan]] [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]
| cinematography = [[Kamal Ghosh]]
| editing = N. M. Shankar
| music = [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]]
| studio = Sri Productions
| distributor = Rajasri Pictures<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 March 1959 |title=Nalla Theerpu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590328&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
| released = {{film date|df=yes|1959|4|9|ref1=}}
| runtime = 2 hrs. 50 mins
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Nalla Theerpu''''' ({{translation|Excellent Judgement}}) is a 1959 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[legal drama]] film<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2019 |title=Movie Recos: 15 courtroom dramas in Tamil you might want to watch |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/aug/07/movie-recos-15-courtroom-dramas-in-tamil-you-might-want-to-watch-419--15.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720072705/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/photos/slideshows/2019/aug/07/movie-recos-15-courtroom-dramas-in-tamil-you-might-want-to-watch-419--15.html |archive-date=20 July 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=[[Cinema Express]] |page=15}}</ref> directed by [[T. Prakash Rao]] and written by [[Murasoli Maran]]. The film stars [[Gemini Ganesan]] and [[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]. It was released on 9 April 1963,<ref>{{Cite web |title=1959 – நல்ல தீர்ப்பு – ஸ்ரீ புரொடக்சன்ஸ் |trans-title=1959 – Nalla Theerpu – Sri Productions |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails28.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170422004631/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1959-cinedetails28.asp |archive-date=22 April 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref> and emerged a success.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Plot ==
{{More plot|date=October 2022}}
A man who works in a bank is imprisoned on a charge of murder that he did not commit. He asks his wife to tell the world her husband is dead and asks her to dress like a widow.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}} He requests her to make their son a lawyer so that he can win the case and get him released. The son turns into an efficient lawyer and wins the case against his father.{{citation needed|date=October 2025}}

== Cast ==

{{Col-begin|width=60%}}
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Male cast
*[[Gemini Ganesan]]
*[[V. Nagayya]]
*[[M. G. Chakrapani]]
*[[S. V. Sahasranamam]]
*[[T. R. Ramachandran]]
*[[T. S. Durairaj]]
{{col-break|width=50%}}
;Female cast
*[[Jamuna (actress)|Jamuna]]
*[[P. Kannamba]]
*[[M. N. Rajam]]
*[[Ragini (actress)|Ragini]]
*[[Kusalakumari]]
*[[M. Saroja]]
{{Col-end}}

== Production ==
The producer Sundar Lal Nahatha came from Vijayawada to Chennai and set up his own film production company. He produced many films in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi under different banners. This film is one of them produced under the banner Sri Productions.<ref name="hindu">{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=17 August 2013 |title=Nalla Theerpu (1959) |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/nalla-theerpu-1959/article5032262.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130910173817/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-columns/nalla-theerpu-1959/article5032262.ece |archive-date=10 September 2013 |access-date=22 April 2017 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Music was composed by [[S. M. Subbaiah Naidu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |year=2014 |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=173 |language=Tamil}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist !! Length
|-
| "Azhagaana Maaran Yaaradi" || [[P. Leela]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Ku. Ma. Balasubramaniam]]|| 03:18
|-
| "Vandu Vandhu Paadaamal" || [[Jikki]]|| 03:41
|-
| "Velli Odam Pole" || [[P. Susheela]]||
|-
| "Munnariyum Deivamada" || rowspan=4|[[T. M. Soundararajan]]|| rowspan="3" |[[Udumalai Narayana Kavi]]|| 02:24
|-
| "Dheivathaal Aagaadhu Eninum" || 01:18
|-
| "Thaayin Mozhi Vazhiye" || 01:08
|-
| "Adhu Irundhaa Idhu Ille" || [[Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram]]|| 03:53
|-
| "Nithiraiyil Chithira Kanavu" || P. Susheela || [[Suratha]]|| 03:24
|}

== Release and reception ==
''Nalla Theerpu'' was released on 9 April 1959,<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 1959 |title=Nalla Theerpu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590409&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> delayed from March,<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 March 1959 |title=Nalla Theerpu |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19590307&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=20 July 2022 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and fared well at the box office.<ref name="hindu" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

[[Category:1959 Indian films]]
[[Category:1950s legal drama films]]
[[Category:1959 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about miscarriage of justice]]
[[Category:Films directed by T. Prakash Rao]]
[[Category:Indian courtroom films]]
[[Category:Indian legal drama films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

12AM Madhyarathri

2026-03-04T04:40:32Z

Kristie5701: created entry

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = 12AM Madhyarathri
| image = 12AM Madhyarathri.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Promotional poster
| native_name = 
| director = Karthik
| writer = Karthik
| screenplay =
| story =
| based_on = 
| producer = Prathima Vijayakumar
| starring = {{plainlist|*Abhimanyu Kashinath
* Divya Shridhar
* [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]
}}
| narrator =
| cinematography = G. V. Umapathy
| editing = T. Govardhan
| music = '''Songs:''' [[V. Manohar]] '''Score:''' [[Rajesh Ramanath]]
| studio = Sri Gayathri Productions Vijaya Cine Kanasu
| distributor = Kashinath Producer Training Institute
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2012|8|10|ref1=<ref name="date"/>}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Kannada
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''12AM Madhyarathri''''' ({{translation|12 a.m. midnight}}) is a 2012 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[horror film|horror]] [[drama film]] directed by Karthik and starring Abhimanyu Kashinath, Divya Shridhar and [[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]]. The film was released on 10 August 2012 to mixed-to-positive reviews from critics who praised the film's technicality while criticised its editing.<ref name="date">{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/abhi-and-divya-are-coming-to-wake-you-up-at-12am/articleshow/15337423.cms|title=Abhi and Divya are coming to wake you up at 12AM|date=10 January 2017|work=[[Chitraloka.com]]|via=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/horror-flicks-experiment-with-technology-sex-and-comedy/articleshow/33698470.cms|title=Horror flicks experiment with technology, sex and comedy|date=23 April 2021|work= The Times of India}}</ref>

Abhimanyu Kashinath was nominated by the [[Bangalore Times]] Film Awards 2012 for Promising Newcomer - Male.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/the-bangalore-times-film-awards-2012-nominations/articleshow/20688314.cms|title=The Bangalore Times Film Awards 2012 Nominations|date=22 June 2013|work=The Times of India}}</ref>

==Cast==
*Abhimanyu Kashinath as Trishul
* Divya Shridhar as Shalini
*[[Kashinath (actor)|Kashinath]] as Professor
* Theju
* Mamatha Raut

== Soundtrack ==
The music was composed by Umapathy, Kashinath's younger brother.<ref name="N"/>

==Reception==
A critic from ''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film three out of five and wrote that "The director makes an impressive start to the story with the suspense element in the forest, but fails to keep the same tempo in the second half with silly sequences which could be edited by at least 20 minutes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/12-am/movie-review/15436277.cms|title=12AM|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 August 2012|access-date=21 June 2012}}</ref> A critic from ''[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]'' wrote that "''12 AM Madhyarathri'' has good technical element, but story wise it has the same ghost seeking revenge theme and same techniques are used to scare audiences that were seen in the 1960s and 1970s movies. Initially these scary elements will shock, but after some time they fail to make an impact".<ref name="N">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kannada-review-12-am-is-scary-in-parts-497880.html|title=Kannada Review: '12 AM' is scary in parts|work=[[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]|via=News18|date=13 August 2012|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref> A critic from ''Chitratara.com'' wrote that "The sound effects, graphics, night effect shooting by Umapathi are on high standards. You have to hold your breath quite often while watching this film".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chitratara.com/show-content.php?id=3993&ptype=Reviews&title=12AM%20DO%20WATCH%20IT%20FOR%20SURPRISES!|title=12AM DO WATCH IT FOR SURPRISES!|work=Chitratara.com|date=10 August 2012|access-date=21 June 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|13979010}}

[[Category:2012 Indian films]]
[[Category:2012 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:Indian horror drama films]]

Open Tee Bioscope

2026-03-04T00:27:51Z

Kristie5701: general cleaned up page per sources further and cleaned formatting

{{Short description|2015 Indian Bengali film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Open Tee Bioscope
| image = Open tee bioscope poster.jpg
| alt = 
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| producer = [[Shoojit Sircar]]
| writer = [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| starring =
*[[Riddhi Sen]]
*[[Rwitobroto Mukherjee]]
*[[Dhee Majumder]]
*[[Rajarshi Nag]]
*[[Jishnu Bandyopadhyay]]
*[[Surangana Bandopadhyay]]
*[[Rajatava Dutta]]
*[[Sudipta Chakraborty]]
*[[Kaushik Sen]]
*[[Paran Bandopadhyay]]
| music = [[Upal Sengupta]]
| editing = [[Arghyakamal Mitra]]
| studio =
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|2015|01|15|df=y}}
| runtime = 137 minutes
| country = India
| language = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
| budget =
| gross =
}}

'''''Open Tee Bioscope''''' is a 2015 [[Bengali language]] Indian [[coming of age film|coming-of-age]] [[comedy drama film|comedy-drama film]] released on 15 January 2015, directed by director [[Anindya Chatterjee]], who is the well known vocalist of the band [[Chandrabindoo (band)|Chandrabindu]]. The film is a coming of age story of an adolescent boy and his friends.

==Plot==

The film steers through comedy, drama, and emotions of the middle class community of 1990's Kolkata, and carefully captures the essence of North Kolkata, and the quintessential spirit of North Kolkata's para football.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/without-shoojit-sircar-open-tee-bioscope-wouldnt-have-been-possible-anindyo-chatterjee/|title=Without Shoojit Sircar, 'Open Tee Bioscope' wouldn't have been possible: Anindyo Chatterjee|date=2014-05-28|website=The Indian Express|access-date=2019-11-01}}</ref>

==Cast==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Riddhi Sen]] as Fowara
* [[Rwitobroto Mukherjee]] as Kochua
* [[Dhee Majumder]] as Charan
* [[Rajarshi Nag]] as Gopeshwar
* [[Jishnu Bandyopadhyay]] as Tukai
* [[Surangana Bandopadhyay]] as Titir
* [[Rajatava Dutta]] as Gopeshwar
* [[Sudipta Chakraborty]] as Fowara's mother, Boishakhi
* [[Kamalika Banerjee]] as neighbourhood women
* [[Kaushik Sen]] as Mahim Halder
* [[Paran Bandopadhyay]] as Noton Da
* [[Sohini Sarkar]] as Iraboti
* [[Ambarish Bhattacharya]] as Herombo
* [[Aparajita Auddy]] as Gopeshwar's wife
* [[Biswanath Basu]] as Pulish
* [[Sudipa Basu]] as Gopeswar's mother
* Damini Beni Basu
* Oindrila Saha
* [[Ritwick Chakraborty]] as grown-up Fowara [Guest Appearance] <ref name=abpplus>{{cite web|url=http://www.anandabazar.com/supplementary/anandaplus/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B2-1.105238|title= নস্টালজিয়ার শো-রিল|language=Bengali| work=[[Anandabazar Patrika]]|date=14 January 2015|accessdate=17 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="toi 2432012">{{cite web| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movie-reviews/Open-Tee-Bioscope/movie-review/45938702.cms|title=Open Tee Bioscope Movie Review|work=Times of India|date=19 January 2015|accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref name="gomolo">{{cite web| url=http://www.gomolo.com/open-tee-bioscope-movie-cast-crew/46217| title=open tee bioscope cast and crew| access-date=7 February 2015| archive-date=7 February 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207093803/http://www.gomolo.com/open-tee-bioscope-movie-cast-crew/46217| url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Saptarshi Basu Roy Chowdhury
}}

==Music==
The soundtrack is composed by [[Upal Sengupta]]. The song "Bondhu chol" and the Cycle Theme are composed by guest music director [[Shantanu Moitra]].

{{Track listing
| headline = Track list
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length =
| all_music =
| all_lyrics =
| title1 = Le Le Babu
| extra1 = [[Upal Sengupta]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Tor Jonnyo
| extra2 = Prosen and Mou
| length2 =
| title3 = Pagla Khabi Ki
| extra3 = Prosen
| length3 =
| title4 = Hey Shokha
| extra4 = Surangana
| length4 =
| title5 = Maa
| extra5 = [[Upal Sengupta]]
| length5 =
| title6 = Bondhu Chol
| extra6 = [[Anupam Roy]]
| length6 =
| title7 = Cycle Theme
| extra7 = [[Anindya Chatterjee]]
| length7 =
}}

==See also==
* [[Projapoti Biskut]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|4365506}}

[[Category:Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama films]]
[[Category:Bengali-language Indian films]]
[[Category:2015 Bengali-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in Kolkata]]

{{2010s-Bengali-film-stub}}

Dirty Politics (film)

2026-03-02T09:36:17Z

Kristie5701: minor reworked content for clarity and cleaned formatting as per guidelines

{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Dirty Politics
| image = Dirty Politics film poster.jpg

| alt = 
| caption =
| native_name =
| director = [[K. C. Bokadia]]
| producer =
| writer = K. C. Bokadia
| screenplay =
| story = K. C. Bokadia
| starring = [[Mallika Sherawat]] [[Jackie Shroff]] [[Anupam Kher]] [[Om Puri]] [[Ashutosh Rana]] [[Rajpal Yadav]] [[Naseeruddin Shah]]
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Aadesh Shrivastav]] Robby Badal Sanjeev Darshan '''Lyrics:''' [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]
| cinematography = Paneer Selvam
| editing = [[Prakash Jha]]
| studio = B.M.B Music & Magnetics Ltd.
| distributor = [[Zee Music Company|Zee Music]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2015|03|06}}
| runtime = 130 minutes
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| gross = 
}}
'''''Dirty Politics''''' is a 2015 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[political thriller]] written and directed by [[K. C. Bokadia]] with an [[ensemble cast]]. The film was released on 6 March 2015 with an adult rating due to its strong sexual content. It was a box office disaster.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150307022842/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/4947880/Mallika-Sherawat-starrer-Dirty-Politics-banned-in-Bihar Mallika Sherawat starrer Dirty Politics banned in Bihar]. bollywoodhungama.com. 4 March 2015</ref>

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=May 2020}}

The film is based on the infamous [[Bhanwari Devi murder case|Bhanwari Devi case]] of an auxiliary nurse from Rajasthan who disappeared on 1 September 2011.

== Cast ==
* [[Naseeruddin Shah]] as Manoj Singh
* [[Mallika Sherawat]] as Anokhi Devi
* [[Jackie Shroff]] as Mukhtiar Singh
* [[Anupam Kher]] as CBI officer Satya Prakash Mishra
* [[Om Puri]] as Dina Nath Singh, Jan Seva Party President
* [[Atul Kulkarni]] as Nirbhay Singh, Police Inspector
* Rahul Solanki
* [[Ashutosh Rana]] as Dayal Singh
* [[Rajpal Yadav]] as Banaram, Anokhi Devi's bodyguard
* [[Sushant Singh]] as Nischay Singh, Police Inspector
* [[Govind Namdev]] as Karan Singh, Police Superintendent
* [[Charu Sharma]]
* [[Awadhesh Mishra]] as Jabbar Singh
* [[Sunil Pal]] as Nathu Lal
* [[Komal Nahta]] as Newsreader

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by Sanjeev Darshan and Aadesh Shrivastava, and Sameer wrote the lyrics. It was Aadesh Shrivastav's last film as a music composer.
{{Track listing
|extra_column=Singer(s)
|title1=Ghaghara
|note1=
|length1=4:25
|writer1=
|extra1=[[Mamta Sharma]]
|title2=Chal Dum
|note2=
|length2=4:06
|writer2=
|extra2=[[Neha Bhasin]]
|title3=
|note3=
|length3=|writer3=
|extra3=
|title4=
|note4=
|writer4=
|extra4=
|total_length=8:31
}}

== Critical reception ==
This film received highly negative reviews from critics, criticising everything
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/going-out/movie-reviews/film-review-dirty-politics-1.1467313|title = Film review: Dirty Politics}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/bollywood/reviews/2015/dirty-politics-movie-review-mallika-sherawat-critics-fans-review-175860.html|title = Dirty Politics Movie Review: Mallika Sherawat's Dirty Torture|date = 5 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.emirates247.com/entertainment/bollywood/bollywood-review-mallika-sherawat-om-puri-play-dirty-politics-2015-03-05-1.583255|title=Bollywood review: Mallika Sherawat, Om Puri play 'Dirty Politics' – Entertainment – Bollywood – Emirates24|7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodlife.com/news-gossip/dirty-politics-movie-review-mallika-sherawat-seems-disinterested-story-has-no-energy-481580|title=Dirty Politics movie review: Mallika Sherawat seems disinterested; story has no energy!|date=7 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/cinema-reviews/dirty-politics-movie-review/article6969423.ece|title = Dirty Politics: Poor man's Raajneeti|newspaper = The Hindu|date = 7 March 2015|last1 = Kamath|first1 = Sudhish}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/dirty-politics-movie-review|title=Dirty Politics Movie Review|date=5 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/showbiz/dirty-politics-movie-review-not-mallika-sherawats-redeeming-vehicle/50969/|title='Dirty Politics' movie review: Not Mallika Sherawat's redeeming vehicle|date=7 March 2015|work=The Financial Express|access-date=7 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150309190326/http://www.financialexpress.com/article/lifestyle/showbiz/dirty-politics-movie-review-not-mallika-sherawats-redeeming-vehicle/50969/|archive-date=9 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The initial posters of the film courted controversy for depicting Sherawat draped in the [[Flag of India|Indian tricolour]], due to which a case was lodged against the director under the [[Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971|Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mallika Sherawat in 'Dirty Politics' trouble: Case filed for 'disrespecting' National Flag |url=https://www.oneindia.com/india/mallika-sherawat-in-dirty-politics-trouble-case-filed-for-disrespecting-national-flag-1460741.html}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|4501576}}
*{{cite news|title=Box office: 'Dirty Politics' rakes in Rs 4.5 crore in opening weekend|url=http://www.mid-day.com/articles/box-office-dirty-politics-rakes-in-rs-45-crore-in-opening-weekend/16047197|accessdate=10 March 2015|issue=Mid-Day.com|publisher=[[Mid-Day]]}}

[[Category:2015 films]]
[[Category:2015 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:2015 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian political thriller films]]
[[Category:Films about corruption in India]]
[[Category:Indian films based on actual events]]
[[Category:2010s political thriller films]]
[[Category:Films directed by K. C. Bokadia]]

{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}

Eastern Maithili

2026-03-02T04:53:54Z

Kristie5701: made

{{Short description|none}}

{{Infobox language
| name = Eastern Maithili
| familycolor = Indo-European
| nativename = 𑒣𑒴𑒩𑒥𑒲 𑒧𑒻𑒟𑒱𑒪𑒲 • पूरबी मैथिली
| states = [[India]]
| region = [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]]
| ethnicity = [[Maithils]]
| speakers = {{sigfig|11,116|3}}
| date = 2011
| glottoname = Eastern Maithili
| fam2 = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3 = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4 = [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages|Eastern]]
| fam5 = [[Bihari languages|Bihari]]
| fam6 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| glotto = east2315
| iso3 = mai
| altname = Purbi Maithili
| script = [[Tirhuta]] and [[Devanagari]]
| image = {{Photomontage|position=center
| photo1a = Purbi Maithili written in Tirhuta script.png
| size = 250
| spacing = 2
| color =
| Bold = 100
| border = 3
| foot_montage = }}
| imagecaption = '''Purbi Maithili''' written in [[Tirhuta]] script
| ref = e27
}}

'''Eastern Maithili''' or '''Purbi Maithili''' is a [[dialect]] of [[Maithili language]], spoken primarily in [[Mithila (region)|Mithila]] region of [[India]]. It is mainly spoken in [[Purnia division]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=George Abraham |first=Grierson |date=1909 |title=An introduction to Maithili language |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoma00grierich/page/n17/mode/2up?view=theater}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Language-Maithili-Eastern |url=https://globalrecordings.net/en/language/13320 |website=GlobalRecordings.net}}</ref> It has almost 11,116 speakers according to the [[2011 census of India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language census of India 2011 |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/42458/download/46089/C-16_25062018.pdf}}</ref><ref name=e27/> It is very similar to the [[Angika]] [[dialect]] of [[Maithili language|Maithili]], which is spoken in the [[Bhagalpur division|Bhagalpur]] and [[Dumka district|Dumka]] regions. Like its neighbor [[Bengali language|Bengali]], it is [[phonetically]] characterized by a rounded 'a' sound (halfway between 'a' and 'o', similar to the 'o' in the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] name ''''Subroto'''') at the end of certain words.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Maithili Variations |url=http://lisindia.ciil.org/Maithili/Maith_vari.html |website=lisindia.ciil.org |publisher=[[Central Institute of Indian Languages]]}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Maithili language]]
* [[Mithila (region)|Mithila region]]
* [[Purnia division]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

{{Maithili language}}

[[Category:Languages of Bihar]]
[[Category:Languages of India]]
[[Category:Maithili dialects]]

Herachandra

2026-02-26T18:49:43Z

Kristie5701: made pg

{{Short description|Meitei prince of Ningthouja dynasty}}
{{Contains special characters|Meitei}}
{{Distinguish|Hemachandra}}
{{Infobox royalty
| embed =
| name = Herachandra
| title = Daku-Ningthou (Taku-Ningthou)
| titletext =
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| image = Statue of Meitei prince Daku Ningthou Sana Herachandra, the “Hira” of Kangleipak (Manipur Kingdom), riding a Meitei horse and holding an Arambai (a traditional Meitei poisoned dart-like weapon), in MMRC & Unity Park.jpg
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| caption = Sculpture of Herachandra, riding a Meitei horse and holding an [[Arambai]] (a poisoned dart-like weapon) in [[MMRC & Unity Park]]
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| burial_date = first half of May 1821
| burial_place = unknown
| queen =
| spouse = Yaikhom Chanu and Usham Chanu 
| spouse-type = Royal consorts 
| consort = yes 
| issue = 2 
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| full name = Daku Ningthou Sana Herachandra
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| royal house = [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
| dynasty = [[Ningthouja dynasty]]
| father = [[Labanyachandra]]
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| religion = [[Traditional Meitei religion]]
| occupation = Prince of Manipur
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'''Herachandra''' was a [[Meitei people|Meitei]] prince. He was the son of Maharajah [[Labanyachandra]] of [[Manipur]] kingdom. He earned secret support and admiration from the people of Manipur. E.W. Dun wrote that he defeated numerous groups of the Burmese army. A.C. Bannerjee also wrote about Herachandra's victory over a Burmese force. Manipur's royal chronicle, [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], recorded his success under the name "The King (Meidingu) Herachandra" (13:216). Herachandra, with help from his cousin princes, Yumjaotaba (Pitambar Singh), defeated a large Burmese group.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-CzSQKVmveUC&dq=herachandra&pg=PR60|title=Manipur, Past and Present: The Heritage and Ordeals of a Civilization|last=Sanajaoba|first=Naorem|date=1988|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-853-2|pages=iix-ixiv|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FsUJ0E3BXkMC&dq=herachandra&pg=PA122|title=Bleeding Manipur|last=Tarapot|first=Phanjoubam|date=2003|publisher=Har-Anand Publications|isbn=978-81-241-0902-1|pages=122|language=en}}</ref>
== Personal life ==
There are two stories about Herachandra becoming the king of Manipur for a short time. One story says he was king, while the other says he never wanted to be king. Herachandra had two wives, Yaikhom Chanu and Usham Chanu, and each wife had one son. However, neither of his sons had children. It is believed that Herachandra, the great hero, died in the first half of May 1821 and was cremated in an unknown place.<ref name=":0" />

== War tactics ==
On the 53rd day of the Burmese invasion, Herachandra launched an offensive against the Burmese occupation army.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eybpM1KZjVoC&dq=herachandra&pg=PA248|title=The Chronology of Meetei Monarchs: From 1666 CE to 1850 CE|last=Sana|first=Raj Kumar Somorjit|date=2010|publisher=Waikhom Ananda Meetei|isbn=978-81-8465-210-9|pages=xii, 248, 249, 302|language=en}}</ref>
=== In 1819 ===
Herachandra avoided being killed by the ruling prince by staying in the hills of Manipur. In 1819, he came down from the hills and started a [[guerrilla]] group. He gathered [[Manipuris]] who were scattered and living under the Burmese invaders. This event is recorded on the 3rd day of Sajibu, a month of [[Meitei calendar]], in 1819. The [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]] also mentions his secret wars, and more details are found in scholar, Pandit Chandrasing’s writing. The Burmese puppet government called him a terrorist for fighting back, but to the people of Manipur, he was a hero.<ref name=":0" />

Herachandra’s guerrillas didn’t have enough resources to fight the Burmese army in regular battles. Instead, they hid in tree tops and attacked small groups of Burmese soldiers. They killed them and buried their bodies. The Burmese soldiers were scared and always had to look out for attacks from the trees. Herachandra’s group, called Meitei Leima Kanba Lup, later started to fight the Burmese in semi-conventional battles in different parts of Manipur.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbu_AwAAQBAJ&dq=herachandra&pg=PA133|title=The Endless Kabaw Valley: British Created Visious Cycle of Manipur, Burma and India|last=Singh|first=Dr Th Suresh|date=2014-06-02|publisher=Quills Ink Publishing|isbn=978-93-84318-00-0|pages=133|language=en}}</ref>

=== In 1820 ===
Herachandra’s first ambushes took place at Phubala, Thinungkei, and Ngangkha Lawai. On the 6th day of Kalen in 1820, the guerrillas chased the Burmese soldiers, who stopped moving.<ref name=":0" />

Herachandra had 50 horses, 12 guns, and 800 guerrillas. He and his cousin, Yumjaotaba, planned to trap the Burmese general Kanewoon. Yumjaotaba collected rice for the Burmese soldiers from Sekmai. The Burmese gave him 40 horses, 20 guns, and two gilded swords, thinking he had defeated Herachandra. The two princes had already killed 200 Burmese soldiers at Heiyen. The guerrillas set up positions from Uchiwa Khundon to Heiyel near [[Loktak Lake]] and killed Burmese soldiers at Chaobok.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

On the 4th day of Ingel, 1820, Herachandra and his guerrillas killed most of the Burmese soldiers at [[Kakching]]. The guerrillas were faster and had better supplies. They destroyed the Burmese camps at Khomidok and Thoubal. The guerrillas regrouped at Moirangkhom in [[Imphal]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

Herachandra built a stockade at Singjamei on the 7th day of Ingel, 1820. He hid near Chinga Pishum hillocks to watch the Burmese. On Wednesday, he fought a group led by Amupalapa. Guerrillas, led by Moirang Labangga, scouted the route of the Burmese soldiers. Labangga’s group attacked from the front, and Herachandra’s group blocked the rear. Labangga killed the Burmese commander, Amupalapa, and captured some soldiers.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

On Tuesday, the 16th day of Mera, 1820, 10,000 more Burmese soldiers arrived at Kakching. Herachandra and his guerrillas fought them at Chinga hillock in [[Thoubal]] on the 20th day of Mera, 1820. The guerrillas could not defeat the much larger Burmese army. They had to retreat toward [[Cachar]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

== Legacies ==
The dialogue "How has this country been ravaged?" by Herachandra and "Alright, we fight on" by Yumjaotaba, as mentioned in the royal chronicle [[Cheitharol Kumbaba]], shows the determination of the Meitei resistance against the powerful Burmese army. At that time, no leader other than Herachandra had done anything significant for Manipur when the country needed a final push to survive. Because of this, Herachandra’s name is rightfully remembered at the top of the list of freedom fighters during that crisis and in the hall of fame of patriots.<ref name=":0" />

Historians like R.K. Jhaljit, Gangmumei Kabui, and Sarangthem Boramani wrote about his bravery and achievements during the Burmese occupation. The Burmese army feared him and his guerrillas, calling them terrorists and militants. Herachandra and his guerrillas played a very important role in the [[history of Manipur]]. Although they were not well known at first, Pandit Moirangthem Chandrasing later wrote about them in his novel, "Daku Ningthou," in 1951.<ref name=":0" />

The Gazetteer of Burma (1880) mentions that Herachandra’s ambushes against the Burmese happened in 1822 (vol. I, p. 327).<ref name=":0" />
== In popular culture ==
The [[Meitei language]] film [[Mareibak Ningba Herachandra]] (Herachandra the Patriot, 2023) tells the story of Herachandra. It shows his brave fight against Burma (Ava) during the [[Seven Years Devastation of Manipur|Seven Years Devastation]] (1819-1826) as he tried to free his kingdom. Herachandra fought hard to protect Manipur and gave his life for his country, without ever wanting to become its ruler.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cUrEQAAQBAJ&dq=herachandra&pg=PR16|title=A History of India's North-East Cinema: Deconstructing the Stereotypes|last=Baruah|first=Parthajit|date=2024-12-12|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA|isbn=979-8-7651-2769-8|pages=16|language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Wiktionary|Herachandra}}
{{Commonscat|Herachandra}}
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ningthouja dynasty]]
[[Category:Indian princes]]
[[Category:19th-century royalty]]

Modinagar North RRTS station

2026-02-22T15:22:41Z

Kristie5701:

{{Short description|RapidX Delhi–Meerut RRTS station}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:A09 Modinagar North RRTS station.svg|40px]] Modinagar North
| type = {{RapidX Infobox station line|line=Delhi–Meerut}}
| style = RapidX
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| address = GT Road, near ICICI Bank Branch, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh 201204
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.84373|N|77.58345|E|display=inline}}
| elevation =
| line = {{rcb|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut|croute}} RRTS
| connections =
| structure = [[Elevated]], [[Double-track railway|Double track]]
| platform = [[Side platform]] Platform-1 → {{stl|RapidX|Modipuram}} Platform-2 → {{stl|RapidX|Sarai Kale Khan}}
| levels = 2
| tracks = 2
| parking = {{parking symbol}} Four-Wheeler Parking
| opened = {{start date and age|07 March 2024|df=yes}}
| opening =
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} through [[overhead catenary]]
| accessible = Yes {{access icon}}
| code =
| owned = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| operator = [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation|NCRTC]]
| status = Operational
| former =
| passengers =
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=RapidX|line1=Delhi–Meerut|left1=Modinagar South|to-left1=|right1=Meerut South|to-right1=}}
| pass_system =
| route_map = {{Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System}}
| map_state = collapsed
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-marker = rail
| mapframe-marker-color = #FFFA4A
| mapframe-zoom = 14
}}

'''Modinagar North RRTS station'''<ref>{{cite web |title=DELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut MAP |url=https://ncrtc.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/RevisedDELHI-Ghaziabad-Meerut-MAP.jpg |access-date=1 May 2023 |website=ncrtc.in}}</ref> is an elevated RRTS station in the [[Modinagar]] town of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad]] district in [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. This serves as a RRTS station for higher-speed trains on the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System]] that can reach speeds of up to 180 km/h.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Staff Reporter |date=2024-03-07 |title=Hon'ble Prime Minister Inaugurates and Flags Off 17 Km Long Duhai to Modi Nagar North RRTS Stretch |url=https://www.metrorailnews.in/honble-prime-minister-inaugurates-and-flags-off-17-km-long-duhai-to-modi-nagar-north-rrts-stretch/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Metro Rail News |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the trial run of Duhai - Meerut South RRTS stretch was commissioned successfully, this RRTS station was inaugurated by Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] on March 6, 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-04 |title=RRTS: PM likely to virtually open 17km stretch to Modinagar on March 6 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/rrts-pm-likely-to-virtually-open-17km-stretch-to-modinagar-on-march-6-101709572179161.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> via [[Videotelephony|video conferencing]] from [[Kolkata]], and began its operations along with the existing 17-km Sahibabad-Duhai stretch of the [[Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System|Delhi–Meerut RRTS]] from March 7, 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM opens 17km RRTS stretch to Modinagar (north) virtually from Kolkata |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/pm-opens-17km-rrts-stretch-to-modinagar-north-virtually-from-kolkata-101709749349299.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-06 |title=PM Modi inaugurates 17-km-long Duhai to Modi Nagar North RRTS section |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/pm-inaugurates-duhai-modi-nagar-north-9199598/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Passenger operations begin on 34km RRTS section in Ghaziabad |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/passenger-operations-begin-on-34km-rrts-section-in-ghaziabad-101709919188113.html |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

== History ==
The [[National Capital Region Transport Corporation]] (NCRTC) had invited tenders for the construction of the Modinagar North RRTS station along with the 21.5 km long Murad Nagar–Meerut South section of the 82.15 km Delhi-Meerut RRTS line. [[Larsen and Toubro|L&T Heavy Civil Infrastructure]] emerged as the lowest bidder for construction work. Under the agreement, companies started construction of Modinagar North RRTS station.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-29 |title=17km of RRTS line from Duhai to Modinagar to be ready for operations soon |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/noida-news/17km-of-rrts-line-from-duhai-to-modinagar-to-be-ready-for-operations-soon-101709230358129.html |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-01 |title=RRTS: Train Services Likely To Begin On 17km Stretch From Duhai to Modinagar Soon |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/city/ghaziabad/rrts-train-services-likely-to-begin-on-17km-stretch-from-duhai-to-modinagar-soon-article-108121517 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=TimesNow |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=NCRTC completes 25-km viaduct of new section of Delhi-Meerut RRTS Corridor {{!}} Metro Rail Today |url=https://metrorailtoday.com/news/ncrtc-completes-25-km-viaduct-of-new-section-of-delhi-meerut-rrts-corridor |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Metro Rail Today: Gateway to Rail & Metro Industry}}</ref>

== Station layout ==
The Modinagar North RRTS station has three levels - platform, concourse and street level. Modinagar North RRTS station will be 215 meters long and 26 meters wide. The rail tracks will be constructed at a height of 24 meters above the ground level.
{{stack|{{Routemap
| title = [[File:A09 Modinagar North RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] Modinagar North track layout
| title-bg = #{{rail color|RapidX|Delhi–Meerut}}
| legend = track
| collapsible = no
| map = vCONTgfa
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A10 Meerut South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Meerut South}}
*'''P1'''\cPLT\vSTR\cPLT\*'''P2'''
cPLT\vSTR\cPLT ~~ ~~ ~~ to [[File:A8 Modinagar South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Modinagar South}}
vCONTgfe
| bottom = <div style="width:23.5em;text-align:center">Station with two tracks and two side platforms</div>
}}}}
{| border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''G'''
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" valign="top" |Street level
| style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" valign="top" |Exit/Entrance
|-
| valign="top" |'''L1'''
| valign="top" |Mezzanine
| valign="top" |Fare control, Station agent, Token vending machines, Crossover
|-
| rowspan="4" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 1px gray;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |'''Platform 1''' '''Eastbound'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |Towards → [[File:A10 Meerut South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Meerut South}}
|-
|'''Platform 2''' '''Westbound'''
|Towards ← [[File:A01 New Ashok Nagar RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|New Ashok Nagar}} '''Next Station:''' [[File:A8 Modinagar South RRTS station.svg|frameless|20x20px]] {{stl|RapidX|Modinagar South}}
|-
| colspan="2" style="border-top:solid 2px black;border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" align="center" |[[Side platform]]<nowiki> | Doors will open on the left </nowiki>{{access icon}}
|-
| rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top" |'''L2'''
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="100" |
| style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" width="500" |
|-
|}
There are 2 Gate points – 1 and 2. Commuters can use either of the points for their travel:-

* Gate 1 - Towards Meerut Side
* Gate 2 - Towards Delhi Side

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{RapidX|Delhi–Meerut=yes}}

[[Category:National Capital Region (India)]]

Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao

2026-02-07T23:40:02Z

Kristie5701: basic updated lead to improve readability and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Family name hatnote|Kotcherlakota|lang=Telugu}}
{{more footnotes needed|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao
| image = Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao.jpg
| image_size = 180px
| alt = Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao
| caption = Portrait of Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao, approx. 1920.
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1898|09|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Vizianagaram]], [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1972|06|20|1898|09|09|df=y}}
| death_place = Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| citizenship = Indian
| field = [[Physics]], [[Spectroscopy]]
| alma_mater = [[Andhra University]], Visakhapatnam
| workplaces = [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]], [[University of Madras]], [[Tamil Nadu]], [[London University]], [[Berlin]] and [[Sweden]]
| doctoral_advisor = [[A.Fowler|Prof. A. Fowler]]
| doctoral_students=
| notable_students =
| known_for = [[Spectroscopy]], [[NQR|Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance]]
| prizes =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
}}

'''Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao''' (9 September 1898 – 20 June 1972) was an Indian [[physicist]] in the field of [[Spectroscopy]].

Rangadhama Rao is best known for his work on spectroscopy, his role in the development of [[Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance]] ([[NQR]]), and his long association with the physics laboratories of [[Andhra University]]. In his later years, he became known for his position as the Principal of all the colleges of Andhra University before their divisions into separate colleges, viz., [[Andhra University College of Arts and Commerce|AU College of Arts and Commerce]], [[Andhra University College of Engineering|AU College of Engineering]], [[Andhra University College of Law|AU College of Law]], [[Andhra University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences|AU College of Pharmacy]] and [[Andhra University College of Science and Technology|AU College of Science and Technology]].

Rangadhama Rao was known both for his scientific ability and his interpersonal relations and volatile personality

==Early years==
Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao was born in [[Vizianagaram]], a coastal town in present-day Vizianagaram district of state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], India, on 9 September 1898. His father, Kotcherlakota Venkata Narsing Rao was the [[postmaster]] of the present-day cities of [[Vizianagaram]], [[Gajapathinagaram]] and [[Visakhapatnam]], then small cities in the state of Andhra Pradesh in the [[Madras Presidency]] of [[British Raj|British India]]. His mother, Ramayamma, died in 1923.

Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao had an [[arranged marriage]] to Vaddadi Perramma, as was the custom in the region. On 6 December 1925, when Rangadhama Rao was 27, the couple's first child, Ramakrishna Rao, was born. Rangadhama Rao and Vaddadi Perramma had seven more children, four sons and three daughters: Venkata Rao (5 February 1928); Venkata Narsing Rao (27 June 1933); Ramaleela (24 April 1938); Lakshmi Narayana (23 July 1940); Lalitha Kumari (31 July 1941); Amarnath (8 June 1944); and Vijaya Vani (19 September 1945).

==Education==
His elementary education was at [[Maharaja's High School]], Vizianagaram for the 3rd, 4th and 5th grades during 1904 and 1906. He joined in different schools each year in his early education. He was shifted to [[London Mission High School]], Vizianagaram, for the 6th grade and studied 7th and 8th grades in Hindu High School at [[Machilipatnam]]. He passed his 10th grade ([[SSLC]]) in C.B.M. High School at Visakhapatnam and 12th grade ([[Pre-University Course|Intermediate]]), from [[Mrs. A.V.N. College]] at Visakhapatnam.

Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao was in the first batch of students for the [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree course in 1920 (there was no [[Bachelor of Science|B.Sc.]] degree course at that time in Madras University) in the [[Maharajah's College]] in Vizianagaram. The B.A Degree course was initiated by [[A. L. Narayan|Dr. Appadvedula Lakshmi Narayan]] in 1918.<ref name=ALN>Biographical Memoirs, Appadvedula Lakshmi Narayan</ref>

Prof. K.R.Rao took his [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] in Physics from [[Tiruchirappalli]] in 1923. His research career started in 1923 when he enrolled as a Research Scholar for [[D.Sc.]] ([[Doctor of Science]]) from [[Madras University]]. He was awarded the D.Sc. Degree from Madras University and was selected for studies abroad from the Andhra University in 1928. This was a turning point in his quest for knowledge and research of his lifetime.

==Career==
In 1924, Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao joined Dr. A.L.Narayan as a research scholar in University of Madras. Both of them worked tenaciously to build up a first rate spectroscopic laboratory second to none in the country. They had then with them a constant deviation spectrograph, a small quartz spectrograph and a medium quartz spectrograph. All these were of low dispersion and low resolving power. At this stage of their work, they required an instrument of high dispersion and high resolving power, which they could not afford. So, K.R.Rao went to Calcutta, where a ten-foot concave grating was available in the [[Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science]] of which [[C. V. Raman]] was Director and with the facilities provided there, they further extended their work on analysis of spectra in the visible and ultraviolet regions.<ref name=ALN/>

He was guided in his research career by Prof. A.Fowler at the [[Imperial College of Science and Technology]], [[London]] in 1930 in [[Atomic Spectra]] for two years for which he was awarded the D.Sc. Degree from [[London University]]. In 1930, he had the opportunity of working under [[Friedrich Paschen|Prof. F.Paschen]] at the [[Physikalische Technische Reichsanstalt]] in [[Berlin]] for six months and under [[Manne Siegbahn|Prof. Manne Siegbahn]] in [[Uppsala|Upsala]], [[Sweden]] on [[Vacuum Spectroscopy]] for another six months. His interest in the field of Spectroscopy was so much that he built a Vacuum Spectrograph of his design with his own expenses at [[Potsdam]], [[Germany]].

Prof. K.R.Rao's contribution towards physics has placed him in a high position even in his times. His contributions include development of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecular Spectroscopy laboratory dealing with High Resolution Vibrational structure in electronic transitions, [[U.V.Absorption]], [[Infrared Absorption]], [[Raman scattering]], [[Fluorescence]] and [[Phosphorescence]] and [[Crystal Spectra]]. He also reached the level of construction of microwave test benches and using these techniques he created different lines of investigations in [[dielectrics]]. He contributed to the development of [[Radio Frequency]] Spectroscopy which branched into [[Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance]] (NQR), [[Nuclear Magnetic Resonance]] (NMR) and [[Electron Spin Resonance]] (ESR) spectroscopy. In India, work on NQR was first initiated by Prof. K. Rangadhama Rao in the Physics laboratories of Andhra University.

Kotcherlakota Rangdhama Rao was the Principal of Andhra University Colleges from 1949 to 1957. He was appointed as [[Emeritus Professor]] of Physics at Andhra University (1966–72) and was special officer for the establishment of [[Sri Venkateswara University]], [[Tirupati (city)|Tirupathi]] (1954).

==Contributions==
During his early life of work in the Physics department of Andhra University, Prof. K.R.Rao, established scholarships in his father's name, Kotcherlakota Venkata Narsinga Rao.

===Kotcherlakota Venkata Narsinga Rao Scholarship===

While a [[Reader (academic rank)|Reader]] in the Physics Department of [[Jeypore Vikram Deo]] College of Science and Technology, Rao instituted a Research Scholarship in memory of his late father.<ref name=annualreg>Annual Register of Andhra University</ref>

==Honours, distinctions and awards==
Prof. Rangadhama Rao was one of the foundation members for the AP Akademi of Sciences, nominated by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1963.<ref name=APAS>AP Akademi of Science</ref> The Indian National Science Academy frequently conducts a Memorial Lecture Award in the honour of Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao since its inception in 1979.<ref name=insa>Indian National Science Academy</ref>

===Prof Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award===

Prof. Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture Award is given for the outstanding contributions in the subject of Spectroscopy in Physics. The award was established by the National Institute of Sciences of India, located in Calcutta in 1979.

[[Awardees of Prof. Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lectures|List of Awardees]]

==Publications==
Prof. K.R.Rao's research works were published in various reputed National and International Journals. Some of his initial publications are given below

* On the spectra of the metals of the aluminium sub-group, Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, Volume 37, Issue 1, pp. 259–264 (1924), {{doi|10.1088/1478-7814/37/1/332}}
* A Note on the Absorption of the Green Line of Thallium Vapour, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 1 April 1925 107:762-765; {{doi|10.1098/rspa.1925.0055}}
* On the Fluorescence and Channelled Absorption of Bismuth at High Temperatures, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Vol. 107, No. 744 (1 April 1925), pp. 760–762.
* On the Resonance Radiation from Thallium Vapour, ''Nature'' 115, 534-534, (11 April 1925) | {{doi|10.1038/115534d0}}
* Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad., 46, A, No 5, 1980, pp. 423–434

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
*ALN Biography - [http://prints.iiap.res.in/bitstream/2248/1709/1/A.L.N.pdf Biographies of Indian Institute of Astrophysics]
*INSA Awards - [https://archive.today/20130415041129/http://www.insaindia.org/aa3.htm#el Indian National Science Academy Awards]
*Founding Members - [https://web.archive.org/web/20090619070812/http://apas.ap.nic.in/fm.html Andhra Pradesh Akademi of Science Founding Members]
*[https://archive.org/stream/annualregister19030659mbp/annualregister19030659mbp_djvu.txt Andhra University Annual Register]
*[http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1478-7814/37/1/332 Proceedings of the Physical Society of London, Volume 37, Issue 1, pp. 259-264 (1924)], {{doi|10.1088/1478-7814/37/1/332}}
*[http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/107/744/762.citation Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1 April 1925 107:762-765]; {{doi|10.1098/rspa.1925.0055}}
*[https://www.jstor.org/pss/94422 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character, Vol. 107, No. 744 (1 April 1925), pp. 760-762.]
*[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v115/n2893/abs/115534d0.html Nature 115, 534-534]
*[http://www.ias.ac.in/j_archive/currsci/58/18/1055-1056/viewpage.html Indian Academy of Science Awards, Current Science Journal, 1989, Vol.58, No.18]
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20171201110155/http://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol46A_1980_5_Art01.pdf Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture by RK Asundi - 1979]
*[https://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol56A_1990_5_Art01.pdf Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture by Mihir Chowdhury - 1989]
*[https://insa.nic.in/writereaddata/UpLoadedFiles/PINSA/Vol69A_1993_6_Art02.pdf Dr. K. Rangadhama Rao Memorial Lecture by VB Kartha - 1991]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rangadhama Rao, Kotcherlakota}}
[[Category:1898 births]]
[[Category:1972 deaths]]
[[Category:Andhra University alumni]]
[[Category:Experimental physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian physicists]]
[[Category:Scientists from Visakhapatnam]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy]]
[[Category:Telugu people]]

Hardev Singh

2026-02-05T04:24:59Z

Kristie5701: made a bio...

{{Short description|Baba Hardev Singh Ji Maharaj}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{infobox religious biography
| background = #0095DE
| religion = [[Sant Nirankari Mission]]
| name = Hardev Singh
| predecessor = [[Gurbachan Singh]]
| successor = Savinder Kaur
| birth_date = {{Birth date |1954|02|23|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Delhi]], India
| death_date = {{death date and age|2016|5|13|1954|02|23|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beauharnois, Quebec]], Canada
| father = [[Gurbachan Singh]]
| mother = Kulwant Kaur
| title = 4th Satguru of the Sant Nirankari Mission
| image = Baba_Hardev_Singh.JPG
| caption = Hardev Singh with his wife Savinder Kaur in 2011| birth_name =
| other_names = Nirankari Baba, Nirankari Baba Ji
| occupation = {{nowrap|Head of the [[Sant Nirankari Mission]]}} (1980–2016)
| spouse = {{marriage|Savinder Kaur|1975|2016}}
| children = 3, including [[Sudiksha (Sant Nirankari mission)|Sudiksha]]
| honorific prefix = Satguru Baba
| honorific suffix = Ji Maharaj
| period = 1980-2016
}}

'''Hardev Singh''' (23 February 1954 – 13 May 2016), also known as '''Nirankari Baba''',<ref name="indiatoday"/> was an Indian spiritual leader and [[satguru]] of the [[Sant Nirankari Mission]] from 1980 until his death.

==Early life and education==
Hardev Singh was born on 23 February 1954 to Gurbachan Singh and Kulwant Kaur in Delhi.<ref name="indiatoday">{{cite news|author1=Nivedita Dash|title=Nirankari mission head Baba Hardev Singh dies in Canada car crash|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nirankari-mission-head-baba-hardev-singh-dies-in-canada-car-crash-323335-2016-05-13|access-date=13 May 2016|work=India Today}}</ref><ref name="IE13May16">{{cite news|title=Baba Hardev Singh dead: Who was he|url=http://indianexpress.com/photos/picture-gallery-others/nirankari-sect-head-baba-hardev-singh-dies-in-canada-car-crash-2798667/|accessdate=13 May 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=13 May 2016}}</ref> He completed his elementary education from Yadvindra public school, [[Patiala]], Punjab and later schooling from Rosary public school, Sant Nirankari Colony, Delhi. He graduated from [[Delhi University]].<ref name="jagran">{{cite news|title=Chief Priest of Nirankari sect, Baba Hardev Singh, killed in a car accident in Canada|url=https://www.jagran.com/news/national-chief-priest-of-nirankari-sect-baba-hardev-singh-killed-in-a-car-accident-in-canada-14008274.html|access-date=13 May 2016|work=Jagran}}</ref>

In 1975, he married Savinder Kaur during an annual Nirankari Sant Samagam in Delhi.<ref name="jagran"/>

==Spiritual career==
Hardev Singh became a member of the Nirankari Seva Dal in 1971. After the assassination of his father [[Gurbachan Singh]], who headed the [[Sant Nirankari Mission]] in 1980, he succeeded as the chief leader (''satguru'') of the organization. In 2005, he established the Nirankari Museum in Sant Nirankari Sarovar complex in New Delhi.<ref name="IE13May16"/> Sant Nirankari Mission was established in 1929,<ref name="Baumann2010">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2yiyLLOj88C&pg=PA2528|title=Religions of the World, Second Edition: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=978-1-59884-204-3|pages=2528–|author1=J. Gordon Melton|author2=Martin Baumann|accessdate=16 July 2013}}</ref> by [[Baba Buta Singh|Buta Singh]] who previously belonged to the [[Nirankari]] sect. He was succeeded by Avtar Singh. The mission flourished after it shifted base to Delhi from [[West Punjab]], after [[partition of India]] in 1947.<ref name="Singh2004">{{cite book|author=Raj Pal Singh|title=The Sikhs : Their Journey Of Five Hundred Years|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ra19YSPDliQC&pg=PA157|accessdate=16 July 2013|date=1 April 2004|publisher=Bhavana Books & Prints|isbn=978-81-86505-46-5|pages=157–}}</ref><ref name="Dalal2010">{{cite book|author=Roshen Dalal|title=The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pNmfdAKFpkQC&pg=PA324|accessdate=16 July 2013|year=2010|publisher=Penguin Books India|isbn=978-0-14-341517-6|pages=324–}}</ref> As of 2016, the organization has 2000 centers and millions of followers all over the globe.<ref name="indianexpress">{{cite news|title=Nirankari sect head Baba Hardev Singh killed in Canada accident|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/baba-hardev-singh-nirankari-sect-head-killed-in-car-accident-2798567/|accessdate=13 May 2016|work=The Indian Express|date=13 May 2016}}</ref>

==Death==
Hardev Singh died on 13 May 2016 in a car accident on [[Quebec Autoroute 30|Autoroute 30]] near [[Montreal, Quebec]], Canada. Indian President [[Pranab Mukherjee]], Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]], Home minister [[Rajnath Singh]], and Congress leader [[Sonia Gandhi]] among others expressed their grief over his death.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nirankari spiritual head Baba Hardev Singh dies in road accident - The Economic Times|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nirankari-spiritual-head-baba-hardev-singh-dies-in-road-accident/articleshow/52254011.cms|accessdate=13 May 2016|work=The Economic Times|archive-date=16 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160516144009/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nirankari-spiritual-head-baba-hardev-singh-dies-in-road-accident/articleshow/52254011.cms|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Nirankari spiritual leader Baba Hardev Singh dies in road accident in Canada {{!}} The Asian Age|url=http://www.asianage.com/india/nirankari-spiritual-leader-baba-hardev-singh-dies-road-accident-canada-997|accessdate=13 May 2016|work=The Asian Age}}</ref> He was cremated on 18 May 2016 at [[Nigambodh Ghat]] crematorium in [[Delhi]].<ref>{{cite news|author1=Abhishek Singh|title=Nirankari Mission head Baba Hardev Singh cremated|url=http://www.merinews.com/article/nirankari-mission-head-baba-hardev-singh-cremated/15916303.shtml|accessdate=26 May 2016|work=merinews}}</ref>

On 17 May 2016, Hardev Singh's wife Savinder Kaur became the fifth chief leader of the mission.<ref>{{cite news|title=Baba Hardev Singh's wife Sawinder to head Nirankari sect|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/baba-hardev-singh-s-wife-savinder-to-head-nirankari-sect/story-1sV5crjSgv84fqJO1kzFUJ.html|accessdate=19 May 2016|date=18 May 2016}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|author1=J. R. D. Satyarthi|title=Gurudev Hardev (Biography)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kgs0AAAAMAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Sant Nirankari Mandal}}
* {{cite book|author1=Shiri Ram Bakshi|author2=Sangh Mittra|title=Saints of India: Sant Nirankari Baba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k5slAQAAIAAJ|year=2002|publisher=Criterion|isbn=9788179380123 }}
* {{cite book|author1=Hardev Singh|author2=Jaganath Sharma|title=Stream of Thoughts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwWgMwEACAAJ|year=2011|publisher=Sant Nirankari Mandal}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.nirankari.com/spiritualguide/founderHsEL.shtml Official biography of Baba Hardev Singh] at [[Sant Nirankari Mission]]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Hardev}}
[[Category:20th-century religious leaders]]
[[Category:21st-century religious leaders]]
[[Category:Indian spiritual teachers]]
[[Category:People from Delhi]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Road incident deaths in Canada]]

Director General of the Assam Rifles

2026-01-31T22:04:12Z

Kristie5701: further fix references based on references also and cleaned formatting per standard format

{{Short description|Highest-ranking official of the CAPF Assam Rifles}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2020}}
{{Infobox official post
| post = Director General of the Assam Rifles (DGAR)
| flag =
| flagborder =
| flagsize =
| insignia =
| insigniaborder =
| insigniasize =
| image = Lt General Vikas Lakhera AVSM SM.jpg
| imagesize = 190px
| incumbent = [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Vikas Lakhera]], {{post-nominals|country=IND|size=80%|AVSM|SM|}}
| incumbentsince = 1 August 2024
| formation = {{start date and age|1947}}
| first = H. G. Bartly, [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], [[Indian Imperial Police|IP]]
| website = [https://www.assamrifles.gov.in/newwindow.html?2030 Official Website]
}}
The '''Director General of the Assam Rifles''' ('''DGAR''') is the head of the [[Assam Rifles]]. The DGAR has their office in the Headquarters DGAR at [[Shillong]]. Appointed by the Government of India, the DGAR reports to the [[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of Home Affairs]]. The Director General is an [[Indian Army]] Officer of the rank of [[Lieutenant General]] and is assisted by three Inspector Generals, each holding the rank of [[Major General]], and other senior officers heading various staff appointments. The Additional Director General of the Assam Rifles who is a [[Major General]] - ranked officer serves as the [[Second-in-command]] to the Director General.<ref>{{cite web |title=असम राइफल्स में आपका स्वागत है |url=https://www.assamrifles.gov.in/newwindow.html?2030 |website=assamrifles.gov.in}}</ref> The current Director General, [[Lieutenant General (India)|Lieutenant General]] [[Vikas Lakhera]] is the 22nd DGAR.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIEUTENANT GENERAL VIKAS LAKHERA, AVSM, SM, TOOK OVER AS DIRECTOR GENERAL OF ASSAM RIFLES - The Assam Rifles Twitter |url=https://x.com/official_dgar/status/1818941986570985821?t=GobEutFwaahhXzPe3O5P6g&s=19|access-date=2024-08-01 |website=X (formerly twitter)|language=en}}</ref>

==History==
The first Director General post-Independence was Mr HG Bartly, [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], [[Indian Imperial Police|IP]] who assumed the appointment on 17 September 1947. The first Indian Director General was [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] Sidhiman Rai, [[Military Cross|MC]] appointed on 15 August 1948.
The rank of officers holding the appointment of [[Director General]] Assam Rifles has been consistently upgraded from [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] to [[Brigadier]] ([[One-star rank|One star]] General) to [[Major General]] ([[Two-star rank|Two star]] General) to [[Lieutenant General]] ([[Three-star rank|Three star]] General) now. Indian Army officers on deputation have been holding the appointment of Director General Assam Rifles until date.

==List of directors general==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width: 20px;" | S.No
! scope="col" style="width: 120px;" | Rank
! scope="col" style="width: 350px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 120px;" | Appointment date
! scope="col" style="width: 120px;" | Left office
! scope="col" style="width: 25px;" | References
|-
| 1 || - || H. G. Bartly, [[Order of the Indian Empire|CIE]], [[Indian Imperial Police|IP]] || 17 Sep 1947 || 14 Aug 1948 || <ref>{{cite book |title=Paramilitary forces of India |year=2008 |publisher=Kalpaz Publications |isbn=978-8178357089 |page=99}}</ref>
|-
| 2 || [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] || Sidhiman Rai, [[Military Cross|MC]] || 15 Aug 1948 || 10 Dec 1949 || <ref>{{cite web |title=From private militia to army-like force |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/from-private-militia-to-army-like-force/story-CugmhUm5qDsgY6WPg0MavN.html |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |date=16 March 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 3 || [[Colonel (India)|Colonel]] || R. N. D. Frier, [[Military Cross|MC]] ||16 Dec 1949 || 29 Feb 1952 ||
|-
| 4 || [[Brigadier]] || K. Bhagwati Singh, [[AVSM]] || 1 Mar 1952 || 4 May 1954 ||
|-
| 5 || [[Brigadier]] || K. S. Katoch, [[Military Cross|MC]] || 5 May 1954 || 29 Aug 1955 ||
|-
| 6 || [[Brigadier]] || Harbhajan Singh || 7 Sep 1955 || 30 Nov 1957 ||
|-
| 7 || rowspan="5" | [[Major general (India)|Major General]]|| A. S. Guraya || 1 Feb 1958 || 14 Dec 1965 ||
|-
| 8 || S. N. Bhatia || 15 Dec 1965 || 15 Feb 1968 ||
|-
| 9 || V. B. Tuli || 20 Feb 1968 || 19 May 1972 ||
|-
| 10 || M. G. Hazari, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]] || 30 Mar 1973 || 29 Feb 1976 ||
|-
| 11 || K. Chiman Singh, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] || 1 Mar 1976 || 25 Jun 1979 ||
|-
| 12 || rowspan="22" | [[Lieutenant general (India)|Lieutenant General]]|| Sushil Kumar, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] || 1 Sep 1979 || 2 Dec 1981 || <ref>{{cite book |title=Jawan to general |isbn=978-8170494843 |last1=Kumar |first1=Sushil |year=2014 |publisher=Manas Publications }}</ref>
|-
| 13 || J. K. Puri, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]] || 2 Dec 1981 || 29 Nov 1983 ||
|-
| 14 || P. E. Menon, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] || 30 Nov 1983 || 31 May 1987 ||
|-
| 15 || M. K. Lahiri, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] || 1 Jun 1987 || 21 Dec 1989 ||
|-
| 16 || R. V. Kulkarni, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Uttam Yudh Seva Medal|UYSM]], [[AVSM]] || 22 Feb 1990 || 9 Mar 1992 ||
|-
| 17 || [[Ved Prakash Airy|V. P. Airy]], [[Maha Vir Chakra|MVC]] || 18 Mar 1992 || 31 Mar 1993 |||<ref>{{cite web |title=Rediff On The NeT Special: Major General Ashok K Mehta traces the background leading to Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat's dismissal last month |url=https://m.rediff.com/news/1999/jan/16bhag3.htm |website=m.rediff.com}}</ref>
|-
| 18 || Y. M. Bammi, [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] || 15 Jul 1993 || 30 Apr 1995 || <ref>{{cite book |title=Democracies and small wars |year=2003 |publisher=F. Cass |isbn=9780714684239 |page=98}}</ref>
|-
| 19 || [[T. P. S. Rawat]], [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 19 May 1995 || 30 Apr 1998 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Members : Lok Sabha |url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/memberbioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4245&lastls=14 |website=164.100.47.194}}</ref>
|-
| 20 || Gurpreet Singh, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]] || 1 May 1998 || 18 Jan 2001 ||
|-
| 21 || G. K. Duggal, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vir Chakra|VrC]] || 19 Jan 2001 || 18 Jan 2003 || <ref>{{cite web |title=North East Diary |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/north-east-diary/cid/1545545 |website=telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 22 || H. S. Kanwar, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 1 Mar 2003 || 30 Apr 2004 || <ref>{{cite web |title=North East Diary |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/north-east-diary/cid/1545545 |website=telegraphindia.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 23 || [[Bhupinder Singh Thakur|Bhopinder Singh]], [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 1 May 2004 || 30 Jun 2006 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Indian Army bids farewell to Lt Gen Singh |url=https://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/30/indian-army-bids-farewell-to-lt-gen-bhopinder-singh-1151656433.html |website=oneindia.com |language=en |date=30 June 2006}}</ref>
|-
| 24 || Paramjit Singh, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 6 Jul 2006 || 31 May 2008 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Lieutenant General Paramjit Singh new DGAR : 07th jul06 ~ E-Pao! Headlines |url=http://www.e-pao.net/GP.asp?src=12..070706.jul06 |website=e-pao.net}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Assam Rifles gets new Director General |url=https://zeenews.india.com/home/assam-rifles-gets-new-director-general_447943.html |website=Zee News |language=en |date=10 June 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 25 || K. S. Yadava, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 9 Jun 2008 || 30 Sep 2010 || <ref>{{cite news |title=Oldest paramilitary force in the country, Assam Rifles has deployed its first ever field intelligence unit in the North East. "It is expected to mature and be fully operational in about six month's time," outgoing DG Lt Gen KS Yadava said here today. The intelligence unit is an officer-oriented organization comprising about 200 men. Assam Rifles is the lead intelligence unit along the Myanmar border, and earlier inputs were collected through an ad hoc arrangement. The force is also planning to raise two commando battalions. - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Oldest-paramilitary-force-in-the-country-Assam-Rifles-has-deployed-its-first-ever-field-intelligence-unit-in-the-North-East-It-is-expected-to-mature-and-be-fully-operational-in-about-six-months-time-outgoing-DG-Lt-Gen-KS-Yadava-said-here-today-The-intelligence-unit-is-an-officer-oriented-organization-comprising-about-200-men-Assam-Rifles-is-the-lead-intelligence-unit-along-the-Myanmar-border-and-earlier-inputs-were-collected-through-an-ad-hoc-arrangement-The-force-is-also-planning-to-raise-two-commando-battalions-/articleshow/6644300.cms |website=The Times of India|date=28 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Assam Tribune Online |url=http://www.assamtribune.com/scripts/detailsnew.asp?id=jul2110/oth04 |website=assamtribune.com}}</ref>
|-
| 26 || Rameshwar Roy, UVSM, [[AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]] || 6 Dec 2010 || 22 Feb 2012 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Lt. Gen. Rameshwar Roy is new Assam Rifles chief |url=https://www.sify.com/news/lt-gen-rameshwar-roy-is-new-assam-rifles-chief-news-national-kmiqEreebhfsi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191113233923/https://www.sify.com/news/lt-gen-rameshwar-roy-is-new-assam-rifles-chief-news-national-kmiqEreebhfsi.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2019-11-13 |website=[[Sify]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lieutenant General Rameshwar Roy is new Assam Rifles DG |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/lieutenant-general-rameshwar-roy-is-new-assam-rifles-dg_673299.html |website=Zee News |language=en |date=8 December 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 27 || Ranbir Singh, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]] || 27 Aug 2012 || 31 Mar 2014 || <ref>{{cite web |agency=Press Trust of India |title=Lt Gen Ranbir Singh appointed new DG of Assam Rifles |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/lt-gen-ranbir-singh-appointed-new-dg-of-assam-rifles-112082400479_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=24 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LT. Gen. Ranbir Singh to be New DG Assam Rifles |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=86734 |website=pib.gov.in}}</ref>
|-
| 28 || R. K. Rana, [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]] || 26 May 2014 || 31 Aug 2015 || <ref>{{cite web |date=27 May 2014 |title=Lt Gen R K Rana new Assam Rifles DG {{!}} India News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Lt-Gen-R-K-Rana-new-Assam-Rifles-DG/articleshow/35625146.cms |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 29 || H. J. S. Sachdev, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Aide-de-camp|ADC]] || 1 Sep 2015 || 30 Sep 2016 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Assam Rifles conducts rally for ex-servicemen in Dimapur |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/assam-rifles-conducts-rally-for-ex-servicemen-in-dimapur-115112500394_1.html |website=Business Standard India |date=25 November 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 30 || Shokin Chauhan, [[Param Vishisht Seva Medal|PVSM]], [[AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]], [[Vishisht Seva Medal|VSM]]|| 12 Dec 2016 || 31 Mar 2018|| <ref>{{cite web |last1=Bureau |first1=News Mobile State |title=Lt. Gen Shokin Chauhan takes over as DG Assam Rifles {{!}} Newsmobile |url=http://newsmobile.in/articles/2016/12/14/lt-gen-shokin-chauhan-takes-over-as-dg-assam-rifles/}}</ref>
|-
| 31 || [[Sukhdeep Sangwan]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]][[Medal Bar|**]] || 4 May 2018 || 31 May 2021 || <ref>{{cite web |title=Lt Gen Sukhdeep Sangwan takes over as DG of Assam Rifles |url=https://nenow.in/north-east-news/lt-gen-sukhdeep-sangwan-takes-dg-assam-rifles.html |website=NORTHEAST NOW|date=14 May 2018 }}</ref>
|-
| 32 ||[[Pradeep Chandran Nair]], [[AVSM]], [[Yudh Seva Medal|YSM]]|| 1 June 2021 || 31 July 2024 || <ref>{{cite tweet |author=The Assam Rifles |author-link=The Assam Rifles |user=official_dgar |number=1399619500178173952 |date=1 June 2021 |title=Lieutenant General Pradeep Chandran Nair, Ati Vishisht Seva Medal, Yudh Seva Medal assumed the appointment of Director General Assam Rifles on 01 Jun 21. He takes over as the 21st Director General of the Force popularly known as Sentinels of the North East.@PIBHomeAffairs @adgpi https://t.co/uSZxkkbQaS |language=en |access-date=11 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215358/https://twitter.com/official_dgar/status/1399619500178173952 |archive-date=2 June 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| 33 ||[[Vikas Lakhera]], [[AVSM]], [[Sena Medal|SM]]|| 1 August 2024 || ''Incumbent''|| <ref>{{Cite web |title=LIEUTENANT GENERAL VIKAS LAKHERA, AVSM, SM, TOOK OVER AS DIRECTOR GENERAL OF ASSAM RIFLES - The Assam Rifles Twitter |url=https://x.com/official_dgar/status/1818941986570985821?t=GobEutFwaahhXzPe3O5P6g&s=19|access-date=2024-08-01 |website=X (formerly twitter)|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Assam Rifles]]
* [[Special Frontier Force]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Indian Army]]
[[Category:Indian generals]]
[[Category:Ministry of Home Affairs (India)]]
[[Category:Indian military appointments]]

Nehrunagar Assembly constituency

2026-01-29T06:55:00Z

Kristie5701: Added First Article With Sources!

{{Short description|Seat of the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Nehrunagar
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| state = [[Maharashtra]]
| district =
| division =
| loksabha_cons =
| constituency_no =
| established = 1978
| reservation =
| abolished = 2008
| electors =
}}
'''Nehrunagar''' Vidhan Sabha seat was one of the seats in [[Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]] in India. It was made defunct after constituency map of India was redrawn in 2008. Nehrunagar is a suburb of Mumbai, next to Kurla.

A trivia item about this constituency is that Babasaheb Bhosale, who represented it from 1980 to 1985, was the Chief Minister of the state for a year during his five-year stint as MLA.

==Members of Vidhan Sabha==
{|class=wikitable
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"| Party
|-
| [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1978]]
| Liyaqat Hussain Ibarat Hussain
| style="background-color:{{party color|Janata Party}}" |
| [[Janata Party]]
|-
| [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| [[Babasaheb Bhosale]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress (I)]]
|-
| [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Kaka Thorat
| style="background-color:{{party color|Indian National Congress}}" |
| [[Indian National Congress]]
|-
| [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| rowspan="2"| Suryakant Mahadik
| rowspan="2" style="background-color:{{party color|Shiv Sena}}" |
| rowspan="2"| [[Shiv Sena]]
|-
| [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|-
| [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|1999]]
| rowspan="2"| [[Nawab Malik]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Samajwadi Party}}" |
| [[Samajwadi Party]]
|-
| [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| style="background-color:{{party color|Nationalist Congress Party}}" |
| [[Nationalist Congress Party]]
|}

==Election results==
===Assembly Election 2004===
{{Election box begin|title = [[2004 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nawab Malik]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes = 67,115 |percentage = 57.21% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Suryakant Mahadik |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 36,854 |percentage = 31.42% |change={{increase}}3.09 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Adv. Raees Khan |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 8,987 |percentage = 7.66% |change={{decrease}}38.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Lokhande Shashikant Baburao |party=Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangh |votes = 1,339 |percentage = 1.14% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=More Vijay Dnyandeo |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,085 |percentage = 0.92% |change={{decrease}}0.89 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shaikh Mohammed Rafique Hussain |party=Independent politician |votes = 708 |percentage = 0.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 30,261 |percentage = 25.80% |change= {{increase}}8.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,17,313 |percentage = 51.35% |change= {{increase}}3.73 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,17,313}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,28,462|ref = |change= {{increase}}3.74 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Nationalist Congress Party |loser = Samajwadi Party |swing= {{increase}}11.28 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1999===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1999 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1999 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117044316/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1999/StatisticalReport-MH99.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nawab Malik]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 48,155 |percentage = 45.93% |change={{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Manohar Salvi |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 29,697 |percentage = 28.32% |change={{decrease}}10.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Singh Rajhans Dhananjay |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 21,601 |percentage = 20.60% |change={{increase}}7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Aijaz Shaikh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 1,900 |percentage = 1.81% |change={{increase}}0.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Chatursen Tipana Daware |party=Akhil Bharatiya Sena |votes = 881 |percentage = 0.84% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pathare Sahebrao Maruti |party=Independent politician |votes = 758 |percentage = 0.72% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sampat Laxman Yadav |party=Independent politician |votes = 727 |percentage = 0.69% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 18,458 |percentage = 17.60% |change= {{increase}}9.19 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,04,877 |percentage = 47.62% |change= {{increase}}7.65 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,04,854}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,20,225|ref = |change= {{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Samajwadi Party |loser = Samajwadi Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.85 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 1996===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1996 elections in India#Maharashtra|1996 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly by-election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeNov1996/index.htm |title=Key Statistics - Bye Elections - 1996 |access-date=21 December 2025 |website=old.eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nawab Malik]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 40,348 |percentage = 46.78% |change={{increase}}16.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Acharya Sharad Narayan |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 33,091 |percentage = 38.36% |change={{decrease}}3.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Shelar Kisan Bhikaji |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 11,343 |percentage = 13.15% |change={{decrease}}6.56 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Bhole Anil Bhaskar |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes = 977 |percentage = 1.13% |change={{increase}}0.55 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,257 |percentage = 8.41% |change= {{decrease}}3.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 87,098 |percentage = 40.36% |change= {{decrease}}16.90 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 86,255}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,15,778|ref = |change= {{increase}}0.13 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Samajwadi Party |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}4.70 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1995===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1995 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1995 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117121534/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1995/StatisticalReport-MH95.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suryakant Mahadik |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 51,569 |percentage = 42.08% |change={{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Nawab Malik]] |party=Samajwadi Party |votes = 37,511 |percentage = 30.61% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Harish Marutirao Sanas |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 24,161 |percentage = 19.71% |change={{decrease}}3.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Firoze Mantri |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,917 |percentage = 1.56% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Asgar Ali Qureshi |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,662 |percentage = 1.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=T. M. Dharpawar |party=Janata Dal |votes = 1,121 |percentage = 0.91% |change={{decrease}}31.91 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,058 |percentage = 11.47% |change= {{increase}}4.34 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,23,960 |percentage = 57.52% |change= {{decrease}}0.81 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,22,555}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 2,15,492|ref = |change= {{increase}}22.92 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Shiv Sena |swing= {{increase}}2.12 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1990 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117080722/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/StatRep_MT_90.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Suryakant Mahadik |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 40,409 |percentage = 39.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sajid Rashid |party=Janata Dal |votes = 33,197 |percentage = 32.83% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Saroj Sandesh Naik (Bhosale) |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 23,783 |percentage = 23.52% |change={{decrease}}13.84 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gopal Shelar |party=Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha |votes = 1,609 |percentage = 1.59% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Abdul Bari Farooquei |party=All-India Muslim League |votes = 776 |percentage = 0.77% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sayed Mahammad Khalid |party=All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh |votes = 653 |percentage = 0.65% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 7,212 |percentage = 7.13% |change= {{decrease}}9.51 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 1,02,185 |percentage = 58.29% |change= {{increase}}7.19 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 1,01,129}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,75,315|ref = |change= {{increase}}24.96 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Shiv Sena |loser = Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}2.60 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1985 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117075119/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/Statistical%20Report%20Maharashtra%201985.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Kaka Thorat |party=Indian National Congress |votes = 26,460 |percentage = 37.36% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Eknath Ramchandra Koparde |party=Janata Party |votes = 14,675 |percentage = 20.72% |change={{decrease}}17.68 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Khan Faizmohamad Fazal Gafur |party=Independent politician |votes = 10,613 |percentage = 14.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Leeladhar B. Dake |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,697 |percentage = 10.87% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=A. D. Golandaz |party=Independent politician |votes = 7,067 |percentage = 9.98% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Abdul Manaf Abdul Jabbar Hakim |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,490 |percentage = 3.52% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malik Liyakat Husain Ibrat Husain |party=Independent politician |votes = 876 |percentage = 1.24% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 11,785 |percentage = 16.64% |change= {{increase}}10.06 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 71,576 |percentage = 51.02% |change= {{increase}}12.03 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 70,833}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,40,293|ref = |change= {{increase}}14.07 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress |loser = Indian National Congress (I) |swing= {{decrease}}7.62 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1980===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1980 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1980 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120117083555/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1980/Statistical%20Report%201980%20Maharashtra.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=[[Babasaheb Bhosale|Babasaheb Anantrao Bhosale]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 21,276 |percentage = 44.98% |change={{increase}}29.37 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Eknath Ramchandra Koparde |party=Janata Party |votes = 18,165 |percentage = 38.40% |change={{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Malik Liyakat Husain Ibrat Husain |party=Janata Party (Secular) [[Raj Narain]] |votes = 2,374 |percentage = 5.02% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Phale Rambhaji Bhiwaji |party=Republican Party of India |votes = 2,119 |percentage = 4.48% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Gunde Janardan Hiroji |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,638 |percentage = 3.46% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Mohmed Hayat Shaikh |party=Independent politician |votes = 1,187 |percentage = 2.51% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 3,111 |percentage = 6.58% |change= {{decrease}}14.49 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 47,844 |percentage = 38.90% |change= {{decrease}}20.34 }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 47,303}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,22,989|ref = |change= {{increase}}4.15 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner = Indian National Congress (I) |loser = Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}6.69 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title = [[1978 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election]] : Nehrunagar<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629182050/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/Statistical%20Report%201978%20Maharashtra.pdf|archive-date=29 June 2017|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link |candidate=Liyaqat Husain Ibarat Husain |party=Janata Party |votes = 26,590 |percentage = 38.29% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Syed Suhail Asharaf |party=All-India Muslim League |votes = 11,960 |percentage = 17.22% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Sawant Mohan Murari |party=Shiv Sena |votes = 11,187 |percentage = 16.11% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=[[Babasaheb Bhosale|Babasaheb Anantrao Bhosale]] |party=Indian National Congress (I) |votes = 10,835 |percentage = 15.60% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Kunte Prabhakar Kashinath |party=Independent politician |votes = 5,302 |percentage = 7.64% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Pagare Krishna Shankar |party=Independent politician |votes = 2,898 |percentage = 4.17% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box candidate with party link |candidate=Ramji Shivnarayan |party=Independent politician |votes = 669 |percentage = 0.96% |change= ''New'' }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes = 14,630 |percentage = 21.07% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes = 70,537 |percentage = 59.73% |change= }}{{Election box total valid |votes= 69,441}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 1,18,087|ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner = Janata Party |loser = |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

== See also ==
* [[List of constituencies of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Vidhan Sabha constituencies of Maharashtra}}
{{coords|18.49|76.59|display=title}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Politics of Mumbai Suburban district]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2008]]
[[Category:2008 disestablishments in India]]

ISRO Inertial Systems Unit

2026-01-18T21:17:12Z

Kristie5701: made a info

{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2018}}
{{Short description|India's national space agency}}
{{Infobox space agency
| name = ISRO Inertial Systems Unit
| native_name_r =
| logo = Indian Space Research Organisation Logo.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| logo_caption = [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] Logo
| acronym = IISU
| jurisdiction =[[Department of Space|Government of India]]
| owner = [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]
| established = {{Start date and age|df=y|1969|8|15}}
| preceding1 =
| headquarters = [[Thiruvananthapuram]]
| coordinates = {{Coord|format=dms|display=it}} {{Infobox mapframe|wikidata=yes|zoom=10|marker=rocket|coord={{Coord|format=dms|display=i}}}}
| employees =
| spaceports =
| leader_title =
| leader_name = Shri. Sowmia Narayanan
| website = {{URL|www.isro.gov.in/IISU.html}}
}}

The '''ISRO Inertial Systems Unit''' ('''IISU'''), is a research and development unit of [[ISRO]] located in [[Vattiyoorkavu]], [[Thiruvananthapuram]] that specialises in [[inertia]]l [[sensor]]s and systems in satellite technology.<ref>[https://www.vssc.gov.in/IISU.html ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629083030/https://www.vssc.gov.in/IISU.html |date=29 June 2022 }} [[Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre]]</ref>
IISU specialized fields include the fields of [[launch vehicle]] inertial systems, spacecraft inertial systems, inertial sensors evaluation and simulation, inertial system production, inertial systems electronic production, reliability and quality assurance and advanced inertial systems group.<ref>[https://www.isro.gov.in/IISU.html ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321232100/https://www.isro.gov.in/IISU.html |date=21 March 2023 }} [[Indian Space Research Organisation]]</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061959/http://www.isro.org/rep2005/Organisation.htm

{{Indian space programme}}
{{ISRO facilities}}

[[Category:ISRO facilities]]
[[Category:Research institutes in Thiruvananthapuram]]
[[Category:Year of establishment missing]]

Wah Bhai Wah

2026-01-13T06:14:22Z

Kristie5701: stub.

{{Short description|Indian TV Series}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| caption =
| genre = {{ubl|[[Reality television|Reality]]|[[Stand-up comedy]]}}
| creator = [[Shailesh Lodha]]
| writer =
| director = Deepak
| presenter = {{ubl|[[Shailesh Lodha]]}}
| starring =
| theme_music_composer = Lakhan Sinha
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| num_seasons = 1
| num_episodes = 401
| executive_producer = {{ubl|Shwetha Shetty}}
| producer =
| camera = [[Multi-camera]]
| runtime = 45 minutes
| company = [[Shemaroo Entertainment]]
| channel = [[Shemaroo TV]]
| first_aired = {{start date|df=y|2022|6|19}}
| last_aired = {{end date|df=y|2023|08|05}}
}}
'''''Wah Bhai Wah''''' is an Indian comic poetry series produced by [[Shemaroo Entertainment|Shemaroo Entertainment Limited]] which premiered on 19 June 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shailesh Lodha bags new poetry show Waah Bhai Waah amid rumours of his exit from Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/shailesh-lodha-bags-new-poetry-show-amid-rumours-of-exit-from-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-101655443551553.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Taarak Mehta Actor Shailesh Lodha to host a poetry show called Waah Bhai Waah : Bollywood News |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/taarak-mehta-actor-shailesh-lodha-host-poetry-show-called-waah-bhai-waah/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Bollywood Hungama}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=आज से हर रात 9 बजे #ShemarooTV पर दिखेगा कविताओं का नया अंदाज़, 'वाह भाई वाह' शुरू हो रहा है आज |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgl20TjyxGE |language=en |access-date=2022-07-16}}</ref> on [[Shemaroo TV]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-06-16 |title=Shemaroo TV launches new original show 'Waah Bhai Waah' |url=https://www.indiantelevision.com/television/tv-channels/gecs/shemaroo-tv-launches-new-original-show-waah-bhai-waah-220616 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Indian Television Dot Com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shailesh Lodha aka Taarak's BIG EXIT SECRET REVEALED - Exclusive - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/shailesh-lodha-aka-taaraks-big-exit-secret-revealed-exclusive/articleshow/92301627.cms |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> The series is hosted by [[Shailesh Lodha]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shailesh Lodha New Show : 'तारक मेहता का उल्टा चश्मा' छोड़ शैलेश लोढ़ा लेकर आए नया कॉमेडी शो, जानिए क्या होगा इस में खास ? |url=https://www.tv9hindi.com/entertainment/television/post-quitting-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-shailesh-lodha-to-launch-new-comedy-show-named-waah-bhai-waah-read-details-au98-1289313.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=TV9 Bharatvarsh |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=तारक मेहता छोड़ने के बाद Shailesh Lodha का नया शो, आप भी कहेंगे 'वाह भाई वाह' |url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/shailesh-lodha-waah-bhai-waah-shemaroo-tv-release-date-19th-june-tmkoc-tmov-1483084-2022-06-16 |access-date=2022-07-16 |website=आज तक |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shailesh Lodha to host Waah Bhai Waah after quitting Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/celebrity/story/shailesh-lodha-to-host-waah-bhai-waah-after-quitting-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-1952266-2022-05-21 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Overview ==
In every episode, three noteworthy poets of [[Hindi literature]] are invited. and given a chance to recite their poem in front of the whole audience.
==Guests==
*[[Rakesh Bedi]]
*Praveen Parimal<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-02 |title=शैलेश लोढ़ा के शो Waah Bhai Waah में नजर आयेंगे रांची के प्रवीण परिमल, जानें कब टेलीकास्ट होगा उनका एपिसोड |url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/entertainment/ranchi-praveen-parimal-seen-in-tmkoc-fame-shailesh-lodha-show-waah-bhai-waah-know-telecast-date-dvy |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Prabhat Khabar |language=hi}}</ref>
*Kavi Gaafil Swami<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-22 |title=Waah Bhai Waah: शैलेश लोढ़ा के शो में कवि गाफिल स्वामी का धमाल, जीता दर्शकों का दिल |url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/entertainment/waah-bhai-waah-poet-gafil-swami-performance-in-shailesh-lodha-show-won-the-hearts-of-the-audience-5613003.html |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=News18 हिंदी |language=hi-IN}}</ref>
* [[Ankit Bathla]]
* Prachi Bohra
* Shubhanshi Singh Raghuvanshi
* [[Himanshu Soni]]
* Neha Harsora
* [[Ridheema Tiwari]]
* Abhishek Singh Pathania
* Priya Khushboo
* Shaily Priya Pandey
* Gaurika Sharma
* [[Arti Singh]]
* Harsh Nagar
* Pradeep Joshi
* Priyanka Dhavale

==Production==
The show started on 19 June 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-21 |title=Shailesh Lodha bags a new show after quitting Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/shailesh-lodha-bags-new-show-after-quitting-taarak-mehta-ka-ooltah-chashmah-7928315/ |access-date=2023-08-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

At the conclusion of Last Episode, [[Shailesh Lodha]] announced his decision to take a break from the show. This break could be of varying duration, either short or long.Last Episode aired on 5 August 2023.<ref>{{Citation |title=जीवन में इतिहास दोहराया नहीं जाता बनाया जाता हैं - Waah Bhai Waah - Ep 401 - Hasya Kavi Sammelan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2B8IcYHASI |access-date=2023-08-26 |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.shemaroome.com/all-channels/shemaroo-tv Shemaroo me]
*{{IMDb title|21074114}}
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2022 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:Indian stand-up comedy television series]]
[[Category:Indian poetry]]
[[Category:2023 Indian television series endings]]

2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy

2026-01-12T18:18:27Z

Kristie5701:

{{Short description|Indian cricket tournament}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
| image =
| caption =
| administrator = [[Board of Control for Cricket in India|BCCI]]
| cricket format = [[Twenty20 cricket|T20]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round robin]], then [[Single-elimination tournament|knockout]]
| fromdate = 23 November
| todate = 15 December 2024
| champions = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| runner up = [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| count = 2
| participants = 38
| matches = 136
| most runs = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Mumbai) (469)
| most wickets = [[Jagjit Singh (cricketer)|Jagjit Singh]] (Chandigarh) (18)
| player of the series = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Mumbai)
| previous_year = 2023–24
| previous_tournament = 2023–24 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
| next_year = 2025–26
| next_tournament = 2025–26 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
| website = https://www.bcci.tv
}}

The '''2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy''' was the 17th edition of the [[Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy]], an annual [[Twenty20 cricket|Twenty20]] tournament in India. The tournament was held from 23 November to 15 December 2024 and featured all 38 teams from the [[Ranji Trophy]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/130850/bcci-to-review-new-domestic-structure-for-upcoming-season|title=BCCI to review new domestic structure for upcoming season|work=Cricbuzz|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> The teams were divided into five groups, with three groups consisting of eight teams each and two groups comprising seven teams. The tournament was a part of the 2024–25 Indian domestic cricket season, as announced by the [[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] (BCCI) in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/articles/2024/news/55556116/bcci-announces-domestic-fixtures-for-home-season-2024-25 |title=BCCI announces domestic fixtures for home season 2024-25|work=bcci.tv|access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref> [[Punjab cricket team (India)|Punjab]] were the defending champions.

[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]] won the tournament, defeating [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]] in the final by 5 wickets to secure the title for the second time in the tournament's history.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Rajat Patidar's Storm Overshadowed by Suryansh Shedge's Brilliance, Mumbai Crowned Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy 2024-25 Champions |url=https://www.probatsman.com/cricket-news/rajat-patidars-storm-overshadowed-by-suryansh-shedges-brilliance-mumbai-crowned-syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2024-25-champions |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=ProBatsman |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shedge, Suryakumar power Mumbai to Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy glory |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2024-25-1445827/madhya-pradesh-vs-mumbai-final-1446107/match-report |access-date=2024-12-15 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>

== Group Stage ==
The 38 teams were divided into 5 groups (8 teams in A, B and C group, 7 teams in D and E group)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SMAT {{!}} 2024/25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy {{!}} Live Score, Schedule, News |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2024-25-1445827 |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy|url=https://www.bcci.tv/domestic/292/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=www.bcci.tv |language=en}}</ref>
===Group A===
{{2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group A}}
===Group B===
{{2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group B}}
===Group C===
{{2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group C}}
===Group D===
{{2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group D}}
===Group E===
{{2024–25 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy Group E}}

==Knockout Stage==
{{10TeamBracket
| RD1 = Preliminary QF
| RD2 = Quarter-finals
| RD3 = Semi-finals
| RD4 = Final

| team-width = auto
| score-width = auto

| RD1-seed1 = '''C2'''
| RD1-team1 = {{nowrap|'''[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]'''}}
| RD1-score1 = '''157/6 (19 overs)'''
| RD1-seed2 = E2
| RD1-team2 = [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| RD1-score2 = 156/6 (20 overs)
| RD1-seed3 = '''A2'''
| RD1-team3 = '''[[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]'''
| RD1-score3 = {{nowrap|'''159/9 (20 overs)'''}}
| RD1-seed4 = D2
| RD1-team4 = [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
| RD1-score4 = 156/9 (20 overs)

| RD2-seed1 = '''C1'''
| RD2-team1 = '''[[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]'''
| RD2-score1 = '''193/3 (20 overs)'''
| RD2-seed2 = C2
| RD2-team2 = {{nowrap|[[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]}}
| RD2-score2 = 174 (20 overs)
| RD2-seed7 = '''E1'''
| RD2-team7 = '''[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]'''
| RD2-score7 = '''224/4 (19.2 overs)'''
| RD2-seed8 = D1
| RD2-team8 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| RD2-score8 = 221/6 (20 overs)
| RD2-seed3 = '''A1'''
| RD2-team3 = {{nowrap|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''}}
| RD2-score3 = '''{{nowrap|174/4 (19.2 overs)}}'''
| RD2-seed4 = B2
| RD2-team4 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| RD2-score4 = 173/7 (20 overs)
| RD2-seed5 = '''B1'''
| RD2-team5 = '''[[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]'''
| RD2-score5 = '''172/7 (20 overs)'''
| RD2-seed6 = A2
| RD2-team6 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| RD2-score6 = 131 (18 overs)

| RD3-seed1 = C1
| RD3-team1 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| RD3-score1 = 146/5 (20 overs)
| RD3-seed2 = '''A1'''
| RD3-team2 = {{nowrap|'''[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]'''}}
| RD3-score2 = {{nowrap|'''152/3 (15.4 overs)'''}}
| RD3-seed3 = B1
| RD3-team3 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| RD3-score3 = {{nowrap|158/7 (20 overs)}}
| RD3-seed4 = '''E1'''
| RD3-team4 = '''[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]'''
| RD3-score4 = {{nowrap|'''164/4 (17.2 overs)'''}}

| RD4-seed1 = A1
| RD4-team1 = {{nowrap|[[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]}}
| RD4-score1 = {{nowrap|174/8 (20 overs)}}
| RD4-seed2 = '''E1'''
| RD4-team2 = '''[[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]'''
| RD4-score2 = {{nowrap|'''180/5 (17.5 overs)'''}}
}}

===Preliminary quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''1st Preliminary quarter-final'''
| date = 9 December 2024
| time = 11:00
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| team2 = [[Chandigarh cricket team|Chandigarh]]
| score1 = 159/9 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Karan Lal]] 33 (25)
| wickets1 = [[Jagjit Singh (cricketer)|Jagjit Singh]] 4/21 (4 overs)
| score2 = 156/9 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Raj Angad Bawa|Raj Bawa]] 32 (20)
| wickets2 = [[Sayan Ghosh]] 4/30 (4 overs)
| result = Bengal won by 3 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446099.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Mohit Krishnadas and Kannur Swaroopanand
| motm = [[Sayan Ghosh]] (Bengal)
| toss = Chandigarh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''2nd Preliminary quarter-final'''
| date = 9 December 2024
| time = 16:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Andhra cricket team|Andhra]]
| team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| score1 = 156/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = SDNV Prasad 34[[not out|*]] (22)
| wickets1 = Vipraj Nigam 2/20 (4 overs)
| score2 = 157/6 (19 overs)
| runs2 = [[Karan Sharma (cricketer, born 1998)|Karan Sharma]] 48 (31)
| wickets2 = Kodavandla Sudharsan 3/22 (4 overs)
| result = Uttar Pradesh won by 4 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446100.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Abhijeet Bengeri and Abhijit Bhattacharya
| motm = Vipraj Nigam (Uttar Pradesh)
| toss = Uttar Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Quarter-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''1st quarter-final'''
| date = 11 December 2024
| time = 11:00
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Bengal cricket team|Bengal]]
| score1 = 172/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shashwat Rawat]] 40 (26)
| wickets1 = [[Pradipta Pramanik]] 2/6 (2 overs)
| score2 = 131 (18 overs)
| runs2 = [[Shahbaz Ahmed (cricketer)|Shahbaz Ahmed]] 55 (36)
| wickets2 = [[Lukman Meriwala]] 3/17 (3 overs)
| result = Baroda won by 41 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446101.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] and Abhijeet Bengeri
| motm = [[Lukman Meriwala]] (Baroda)
| toss = Bengal won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''2nd quarter-final'''
| date = 11 December 2024
| time = 16:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| team2 = [[Uttar Pradesh cricket team|Uttar Pradesh]]
| score1 = 193/3 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anuj Rawat]] 73[[not out|*]] (33)
| wickets1 = [[Nitish Rana]] 1/23 (3 overs)
| score2 = 174 (20 overs)
| runs2 = [[Priyam Garg]] 54 (34)
| wickets2 = [[Prince Yadav]] 3/36 (4 overs)
| result = Delhi won by 19 runs
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446102.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] and Kannur Swaroopanand
| motm = [[Anuj Rawat]] (Delhi)
| toss = Uttar Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''3rd quarter-final'''
| date = 11 December 2024
| time = 09:00
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Saurashtra cricket team|Saurashtra]]
| team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| score1 = 173/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Chirag Jani (cricketer)|Chirag Jani]] 80[[Not out|*]] (45)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 2/23 (3 overs)
| score2 = 174/4 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Arpit Gaud]] 42 (29)
| wickets2 = [[Prerak Mankad]] 1/20 (2.3 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446103.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium|KSCA Cricket Ground]], Alur
| umpires = Abhijit Bhattacharya and [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]]
| motm = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] (Madhya Pradesh)
| toss = Madhya Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''4th quarter-final'''
| date = 11 December 2024
| time = 13:30
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Vidarbha cricket team|Vidarbha]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score1 = 221/6 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Atharva Taide]] 66 (41)
| wickets1 = [[Atharva Ankolekar]] 2/32 (4 overs)
| score2 = 224/4 (19.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 84 (45)
| wickets2 = [[Dipesh Parwani]] 2/33 (3.2 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446104.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Three Ovals KSCA Stadium|KSCA Cricket Ground]], Alur
| umpires = [[K. N. Ananthapadmanabhan]] and Mohit Krishnadas
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Semi-finals===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''1st semi-final'''
| date = 13 December 2024
| time = 11:00
| daynight =
| team1 = [[Baroda cricket team|Baroda]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score1 = 158/7 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Shivalik Sharma]] 36[[Not out|*]] (24)
| wickets1 = Suryansh Shedge 2/22 (2 overs)
| score2 = 164/4 (17.2 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] 98 (56)
| wickets2 = [[Shashwat Rawat]] 1/6 (0.2 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 6 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446105.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Kannur Swaroopanand and Mohit Krishnadas
| motm = [[Ajinkya Rahane]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}
----
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''2nd semi-final'''
| date = 13 December 2024
| time = 16:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Delhi cricket team|Delhi]]
| team2 = [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| score1 = 146/5 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Anuj Rawat]] 33[[Not out|*]] (24)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatesh Iyer]] 2/12 (2 overs)
| score2 = 152/3 (15.4 overs)
| runs2 = [[Rajat Patidar]] 66[[Not out|*]] (29)
| wickets2 = [[Ishant Sharma]] 2/12 (3 overs)
| result = Madhya Pradesh won by 7 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446106.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = Abhijit Bhattacharya and Abhijeet Bengeri
| motm = [[Rajat Patidar]] (Madhya Pradesh)
| toss = Madhya Pradesh won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

===Final===
{{Single-innings cricket match
| round = '''Final'''
| date = 15 December 2024
| time = 16:30
| daynight = y
| team1 = [[Madhya Pradesh cricket team|Madhya Pradesh]]
| team2 = [[Mumbai cricket team|Mumbai]]
| score1 = 174/8 (20 overs)
| runs1 = [[Rajat Patidar]] 81[[not out|*]] (40)
| wickets1 = [[Royston Dias]] 2/32 (3 overs)
| score2 = 180/5 (17.5 overs)
| runs2 = [[Suryakumar Yadav]] 48 (35)
| wickets2 = Tripuresh Singh 2/34 (2.5 overs)
| result = Mumbai won by 5 wickets
| report = [https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1446107.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[M. Chinnaswamy Stadium]], [[Bengaluru]]
| umpires = [[Jayaraman Madanagopal]] and Kannur Swaroopanand
| motm = [[Suryansh Shedge]] (Mumbai)
| toss = Mumbai won the toss and elected to field.
| rain =
| notes =
}}

==See also==
* [[2024–25 Ranji Trophy]]
* [[2024–25 Duleep Trophy]]
* [[2024–25 Irani Cup]]
* [[2024–25 Vijay Hazare Trophy]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/syed-mushtaq-ali-trophy-2024-25-1445827 Series home at ESPNcricinfo]

{{Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy}}
{{Domestic cricket in 2024–25}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, 2023-24}}
[[Category:2024 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:2025 in Indian cricket]]
[[Category:Domestic cricket competitions in 2024–25]]
[[Category:Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy seasons]]

Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Indian politician)

2026-01-02T20:29:08Z

Kristie5701: put up

{{Short description|West Bengal politician}}
{{Other uses|Mujibur Rahman (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
| native_name =
| office = Member of [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2006
| term_end = 2011
| predecessor = [[Dipak Bera]]
| successor = [[Sangram Kumar Dolai]]
| constituency = [[Moyna Assembly constituency|Moyna]]
| birth_date = 18 April 1953
| birth_place = [[Midnapore district]], [[West Bengal]]
| death_place =
| death_date =
| party = [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Calcutta]]
| education = [[Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya]]
| children =
}}
'''Sheikh Mujibur Rahman''' is an Indian politician belonging to the [[Communist Party of India (Marxist)]]. He was the MLA of [[Moyna Assembly constituency]] in the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]].<ref name=my>{{cite web|url=https://myneta.info/wb2006/candidate.php?candidate_id=489|title=Sk. Mujibur Rahman|website=MyNeta|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref>

==Early life and family==
Mujibur Rahman was born on 18 April 1953 to a [[Bengalis|Bengali]] family of [[Muslim]] [[Sheikhs of Bengal|Sheikhs]] in [[Moyna (community development block)|Basanta Chak]], [[Midnapore district]], [[West Bengal]]. He is the son of Sheikh Rustam Ali. Rahman studied at the Gokulnagar Trilochan Vidyapith and [[Tamralipta Mahavidyalaya]]. He holds [[Master of Arts]] and [[Bachelor of Education]] degrees from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref name=bio>{{cite book|title=Who's Who of Members|page=348|publisher=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Secretariat|year=2006}}</ref>

==Career==
Mujibur Rahman was a member of the Moyna Panchayet Samiti, Purta Sthayi Samtiti and Karmadhakshya. He contested in the [[2006 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election]] where he ran as an [[Indian National Congress]] candidate for [[Moyna Assembly constituency]], defeating Trinamool politician [[Prafulla Kumar Barai]].<ref name=election2006>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3194-west-bengal-2006/ |title=West Bengal Legislative Assembly Election, 2006 |date=16 August 2018 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=6 April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.latestly.com/elections/assembly-elections/west-bengal/2006/moyna/|title=Moyna, 2006|website=Latestly|access-date=9 May 2024}}</ref> He was a member of the Standing Committee on Public Works and Public Health Engineering.<ref name=bio/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rahman, Sk. Mujibur}}
[[Category:West Bengal MLAs 2006–2011]]
[[Category:1953 births]]
[[Category:People from Purba Medinipur district]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]
[[Category:Bengali Muslims]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslims]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politician stubs]]
[[Category:Communist Party of India (Marxist) politicians from West Bengal]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{WestBengal-CPIndiaMarxist-politician-stub}}

Bhosari

2025-12-28T23:05:37Z

Kristie5701: expand page as per guidelines and cleaned formatting for clarity

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Bhosari
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Neighborhood
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| nickname =
| pushpin_map = India Maharashtra
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Maharashtra, India
| coordinates = {{coord|18|33|37.5|N|73|50|09.69|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = India
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Maharashtra]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Pune district|Pune]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[City]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 20.16
| area_rank =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 585
| population_total = 256316
| population_as_of = 2020
| population_footnotes =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_rank =
| population_demonym = Bhosarikar
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 40192[[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 411039
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|91-20-XXXX-XXXX]]
| registration_plate = MH 14
| unemployment_rate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = City
| blank1_info_sec1 = Pune
| website =
| footnotes =
| demographics1_info1 = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| official_name =
}}
'''Bhosari''' ([[IAST]]: Bhosarī), historically known as '''Bhojapur''', is a neighborhood in the city of [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], India. It is well known for its cultural and sports activities like Wrestling and Kabaddi.

The area is also recognized as one of the oldest settlements in [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], with archaeological findings indicating its historical significance. Today, Bhosari has developed into a major industrial hub, housing the Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) area that supports numerous small, medium, and large-scale industries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bhosari Industrial Area |url=https://www.midcindia.org/Pages/Industrial-areas/Bhosari.aspx |access-date=27 September 2025 |website=MIDC India}}</ref>

==History==
Bhosari village has a history dating to [[Gautama Buddha|Gautam Buddha]]'s era.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://isha.sadhguru.org/blog/sadhguru/masters-words/gautama-buddha-wheel-dharma/|title=Gautama Buddha and the Wheel of Dharma - The Isha Blog|date=2016-12-19|work=The Isha Blog|access-date=2017-10-10|language=en-US}}</ref> It is said to have been under the rule of [[Bhoja tribe]] during the [[Vedic age|late Vedic Age]]. It is said that king Bhoja established a capital here and named it ''Bhojapura'' (lit. city of Bhoja).<ref>{{cite web |title=PCMC History |url=https://pcmcindia.gov.in/history.php/1000 |publisher=Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation |access-date=17 January 2025}}</ref>

Bhosari was called ''Bheusari'' ([[Sanskrit]]: भेऊसरी) during the [[Rashtrakuta]] rule in the 8th century. A land grant [[Indian copper plate inscriptions|copperplate inscription]] dated 758 CE describes [[Krishna I]] gifting the village of Bopkhelugram (present day Bopkhel) to ''Pugadibhatta'', mentioning ''Bheusari'' to the north of the village.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Palande-Datar |first1=Saili |title=Sutradhara’s tales: Pune gets its first names... royal patronages recognise sacred headquarters |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/sutradharas-tales-pune-gets-its-first-names-royal-patronages-recognise-sacred-headquarters-101614754591138.html |access-date=17 January 2025 |publisher=The Hindustan Times |date=3 March 2021}}</ref>

[[File:PMPML-Rainbow-Bhosari-Terminal.jpg|alt=Bhosari Bus Terminal|thumb|right|250px|Bhosari PMPML Bus Stop]]

Bhosari Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation is the largest industrial area in this region containing big companies like [[Tata Motors]], [[Philips]], [[Thermax]], and Century Enka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tatamotors.com/|title=Tata Motors Limited {{!}} Largest Indian Automobile Manufacturer|website=www.tatamotors.com|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thermaxglobal.com|title=Engineering solutions for heating, cooling, water & waste management, specialty chemicals, air pollution control|website=thermaxglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2017-10-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://centuryenka.co.in/cenka.html|title=Century Enka Ltd. - Pune, & Rajashree Polyfil - Bharuch in Gujrat producing Nylon & Polyester Filament Yarns, Tyre Cord Fabrics &|website=centuryenka.co.in|access-date=2017-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171012044408/http://centuryenka.co.in/cenka.html|archive-date=12 October 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The Marutrao Landge International Wrestling Training Center opened in Bhosari in 2023.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pimpri-Chinchwad: International Wrestling Complex And Training Centre Inaugurated In Bhosari |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/pune/pimpri-chinchwad-international-wrestling-complex-and-training-centre-inaugurated-in-bhosari |access-date=17 January 2025 |date=5 October 2023}}</ref>

== Geography and Climate ==
Bhosari is situated at a height of {{convert|530|meters}} above sea level. Similar to [[Pimpri-Chinchwad]], Bhosari has a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Aw'') climate, closely bordering upon a [[hot semi-arid climate]] (Köppen ''BSh'').

Bhosari is located about {{convert|10|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Pune|Pimpri-Chinchwad]] city center, and is traversed by [[National Highway 60 (India)|National Highway 60]] connecting Pune to [[Dhule]] via [[Nashik]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Neighbourhoods of Pune}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Pune district]]
[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Pimpri-Chinchwad]]

{{Pune-geo-stub}}

Anchuruli Tunnel

2025-11-29T10:36:40Z

Kristie5701: created new pg

{{Short description|Water tunnel in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox tunnel
|name=Anchuruli Tunnel
|coordinates=Erattayar end: {{coord|9|47|49|N|77|05|53|E}} Anchuruli end: {{coord|9|46|17|N|77|04|29|E}}
|status=Active
|location=[[Idukki district|Idukki]], [[Kerala]]|start=[[Erattayar]]
|end=[[Anchuruli]]
|length={{cvt|3.803|km|mi}}
|image=Anchuruli.jpg|character=Water tunnel
|crosses=Kalyanathandu hill|opened={{date|10-01-1980}}
|startwork={{date|10-03-1974}}|height={{cvt|24|ft|m}}
|caption=Tunnel end at Anchuruli (2009 photograph)
|lanes=1|owner=[[Kerala State Electricity Board]]
|also_known_as=Erattayar Idukki Tunnel
}}

'''Anchuruli Tunnel''' is a {{convert|3.8|km|mi|abbr=on}} long water tunnel in [[Idukki district|Idukki]] district of [[Kerala]] that starts near [[Erattayar]] and ends at [[Anchuruli]] in [[Kanchiyar]] panchayat. This tunnel was constructed by drilling the Kalyanathandu hill to bring water from the [[Erattayar Dam|Erattayar dam]] to the [[Idukki Dam|Idukki reservoir]] for power generation.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.asianage.com/life/travel/040718/a-journey-off-the-map.html|title=A journey off the map|first=Gokul|last=m.g|date=4 July 2018|website=The Asian Age}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://holidaytravelblog.net/2017/10/25/stepping-into-a-vacuum-story-of-dangerous-anchuruli-chat-with-a-local/|title=Stepping Into A Vacuum, Story Of Dangerous Anchuruli, Chat With A Local|first=|last=admin|date=25 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://travel.manoramaonline.com/travel/getting-about-kerala/Idukki/2018/10/23/anchuruli-tunnel-popularised-by-iyobinte-pusthakam.html|title=Anchuruli tunnel, popularised by 'Iyobinte Pusthakam'|website=OnManorama}}</ref>
[[File:Anchuruli, Idukki.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Size comparison with people]]

The tunnel was constructed from {{date|10-03-1974}} to {{date|10-01-1980}} on contract by Pyli Pilla. The tunnel has a diameter of {{cvt|24|ft|m}}. 22 people died during the construction of the tunnel.
{{clear|left}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Anchuruli tunnel}}

[[Category:Water tunnels in India]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kerala]]
[[Category:Tunnels completed in 1980]]
[[Category:1980 establishments in Kerala]]
[[Category:Idukki district]]

Indian psychology

2025-11-20T00:00:46Z

Kristie5701: made details

{{Short description|Subfield of psychology}}
{{Undue weight|date=May 2023}}
'''Indian psychology''' refers to an emerging scholarly and scientific subfield of [[psychology]]. Psychologists working in this field are retrieving the psychological ideas embedded in indigenous Indian religious and spiritual traditions and philosophies, and expressing these ideas in psychological terms that permit further psychological research and application. 'Indian psychology' in this sense ''does not mean'' 'the psychology of the Indian people', or 'psychology as taught at Indian universities'. The '''Indian Psychology Movement''' refers to psychologists encouraging or carrying out the recently expanded activity in this field.

Although some research scholarship in this field occurred as early as the 1930s, activity intensified after the ''Manifesto on Indian Psychology''<ref name=manifesto02/> was issued in 2002 by more than 150 psychologists gathered in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]], [[India]], led by [[Koneru Ramakrishna Rao|K. Ramakrishna Rao]], [[Girishwar Misra]], and others. Since the issuance of the ''Manifesto'', psychologists active in this field have produced scholarly and scientific publications that include a textbook, a handbook, several other edited volumes, a journal special issue, and a variety of other books and journal articles. Conferences on Indian psychology have been held in several Indian cities, sometimes drawing scores of presentations.

Topics addressed by Indian psychology research and scholarship have included conceptions or processes relevant to values, personality, perception, cognition, emotion, creativity, education, and spirituality
as well as applications such as [[meditation]], [[yoga]], and [[ayurveda]], and case studies of prominent spiritual figures and their legacies. Indian psychology subscribes to [[multimethodology|methodological pluralism]] and especially emphasizes universal perspectives that pertain primarily to a person's inner state, and are not otherworldly, religious, or dogmatic, and with special emphasis on applications that foster the positive transformation of human conditions toward achievement and well-being. Indian psychology views itself as complementary to modern psychology, capable of expanding modern psychology's limits, and capable of being integrated with many parts of modern psychology. Other scholarly and scientific fields that are relevant to Indian psychology and often partly overlap with it include [[psychology|modern scientific psychology]], [[neurophysiology]], [[consciousness|consciousness studies]], and Indian [[Indian philosophy|philosophy]] and [[Indian religions|religion]].

==Definition and naming==

Major books in Indian psychology define the field as pertaining to the study of psychological ideas derived from traditional Indian thought. For example, Cornelissen, [[Girishwar Misra|Misra]], and Varma (2014) wrote that "by Indian psychology we mean an approach to psychology that is based on ideas and practices that developed over thousands of years within the Indian sub-continent.... we do not mean, for example, 'the psychology of the Indian people', or 'psychology as taught at Indian universities'".<ref
name=cmvintro14>Cornelissen, R.M.M., [[Girishwar Misra|Misra, G.]], & Varma, S., "Introduction to the second edition" (pp. xi-xxv) in: {{cite book |editor1-last=Cornelissen |editor1-first=Matthijs |editor2-last=Misra |editor2-first=Girishwar |editor3-last=Varma |editor3-first=Suneet |editor2-link=Girishwar Misra |date=2014 |title=Foundations and Applications of Indian psychology |location=Delhi |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn= 9789332537460 |edition=2nd}} {{ISBN|9789332526365}}, {{OCLC|976000841}}</ref>{{rp|xi}} [[Koneru Ramakrishna Rao|Rao]] (2014) wrote that Indian psychology "refers to a system/school of psychology derived from classical Indian thought and rooted in the psychologically relevant practices such as [[yoga]] prevalent in the Indian subcontinent for centuries."<ref
name=raotarget14>{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |title=Positive Psychology and Indian Psychology In Need of Mutual Reinforcement |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2014 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1007/s12646-013-0228-4|doi-access=free }}</ref>{{rp|97}} Rao (2008) explained that the term "Indian psychology" has long been used in such a manner, writing that
{{quote|we prefer to use the name Indian psychology... because this usage is consistent with the universally accepted sense of the analogous subject, Indian philosophy. Also, 'Indian psychology' is the name used by those who pioneered in the area of applying classical Indian thought to contemporary psychology... [[Jadunath Sinha]] in his three volumes entitled ''Indian Psychology'' [published beginning 1933]... [and by] [[Caroline Rhys Davids|Rhys Davids]]... ''The Birth of Indian Psychology and Its Development in Buddhism'' (1936)... followed by Raghunath Safaya's one volume ''Indian Psychology'' (1976) and B. Kuppaswamy's book ''Elements of Ancient Indian Psychology'' (1985). We believe the term Indian psychology has come to stay and with its expected wider popularity... is likely to be universally shared.<ref name=raointro08/>{{rp|3}}
}}

Cornelissen (2014) expressed concern about possible confusion, writing that "Indian psychology.... is a name that needs explanation every time it is used... and it continues to court controversy due to its associations with various forms of [[Indian nationalism]]. For an approach to science with claims of universality, this is a problematic encumbrance".<ref name="cornel14">{{cite journal |last1=Cornelissen |first1=R. M. Matthijs |title=A Commentary on 'Positive Psychology and Indian Psychology: In Need of Mutual Reinforcement' |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2014 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=103–104 |doi=10.1007/s12646-014-0248-8}}</ref>{{rp|103–4}}

The "Indian psychology movement"<ref name=cmvintro14/>{{rp|xx}}<ref name=omansingh18/>{{rp|173}}<ref name=sedlmeier12/>{{rp|1142}} and the "Indian psychological movement"<ref name=bhawuk11/>{{rp|xiii}} are terms used to designate the recently expanding interest and activity in Indian psychology, especially after the issuance of the ''Manifesto of Indian Psychology''<ref name=manifesto02/> (2002). For example, Bhawuk (2011) wrote that "I was delighted to join the group of Indian Psychologists from [[Visakhapatnam|Vishakhapatnam]] in what I have called the Indian Psychological Movement".<ref name=bhawuk11>{{cite book |last1=Bhawuk |first1=Dharm S. |title=Spirituality and Indian psychology: Lessons from the Bhagavad-Gita |date=2011 |publisher=Springer |location=New York, NY |isbn=9781441981103 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VO7jV2OZDF4C}}</ref>{{rp|xiii}}

==History==
During the 20th century scholars had intermittently studied the psychological ideas embedded in Indian traditions. This process substantially accelerated at the turn of the 21st century, which saw the issuance of the ''Manifesto on Indian Psychology''<ref name=manifesto02/> (2002) as a milestone for what has been called the Indian Psychology Movement. For catalyzing this intensified interest, S. K. Kiran Kumar (2008) wrote that
{{quote|
two specific developments... have played key roles in stimulating investigators to examine and incorporate Indian psychological thoughts into current literature. First, in 1960s and 1970s, the increasing popularity of [[meditation]] and [[Yoga]]... the increasing interest in the [[consciousness#Scientific study|study of consciousness]]... and the emergence of [[transpersonal psychology]]... brought to focus the Indian [[Indian religions|religio-spiritual]] and [[Indian philosophy|philosophical]] traditions.... Secondly, the increase in cross-cultural research and the development of [[cross-cultural psychology]]... led to a greater appreciation of the paradigmatic limitations of modern scientific psychology, which render the claim of its universality doubtful.<ref
name=kumar08>Kumar, S. K. Kiran, "Indian Thought and Tradition: A Psychohistorical Perspective" (pp. 19-52) in: {{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Paranjpe |editor2-first=Anand C. |editor3-last=Dalal |editor3-first=Ajit K. |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Handbook of Indian Psychology |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press India |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175966024 |doi=10.1017/UPO9788175968448 }} {{OCLC|837199762}}</ref>{{rp|28}}
}}
Other contributing factors were the sense that there had been in India a "painful neglect of the indigenous tradition",<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|vii}} and that modern psychology as studied in India was "essentially a Western transplant, unable to connect with the Indian ethos and concurrent community conditions.... by and large imitative and replicative of Western studies".<ref name=manifesto02/>{{rp|168}}

===Manifesto===
From September 29 to October 1, 2002, more than 150 Indian psychologists met in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] at the National Conference on Yoga and Indian Approaches to Psychology. These psychologists<ref name=manifesto02/><ref>The ''Manifesto'' writers begin by declaring themselves "We the delegates numbering 160" (Cornelissen, 2002, p. 168)</ref> issued a declaration that has become known as the ''Manifesto on Indian Psychology'', which was published in ''[[Psychological Studies]]'',<ref name=manifesto02>{{cite journal |last1=Cornelissen |first1=Matthijs |title=Pondicherry Manifesto of Indian Psychology |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2002 |volume=47 |issue=1–3 |pages=168–169 |issn=0033-2968 }}</ref><ref>Note: The full list of signatories was not published in Cornelissen (2002).</ref> the journal of the Indian [[National Academy of Psychology]]. The ''Manifesto'' affirmed that "Rich in content, sophisticated in its methods and valuable in its applied aspects, Indian psychology is pregnant with possibilities for the birth of new models in psychology that would have relevance not only to India but also to psychology in general.... By Indian psychology we mean a distinct psychological tradition that is rooted in Indian ethos and thought, including the variety of psychological practices that exist in the country".<ref name=manifesto02/>{{rp|168}} The ''Manifesto'' also recommended eight "necessary steps for responsibly promoting psychology in India"<ref name=manifesto02/>{{rp|168}} that ranged from preparing resource materials to offering student fellowships, conducting seminars, offering courses, generating a website, and appointing a committee for follow-up action to ensure the implementation of the recommendations.<ref>"A committee consisting of Professor [[Koneru Ramakrishna Rao|K. Ramakrishna Rao]] (Chairman), Professor Janak Pandey, Dr. Matthijs Cornelissen, and Professor [[Girishwar Misra]] (Convenor)" (Cornelissen, 2002, p. 169).</ref>

As described by Rao and Paranjpe (2016), the conference attendees
{{quote|
unanimously proclaimed the Manifesto of Indian Psychology. It was a declaration of their conviction that psychological concepts and ideas inherent in Indian tradition have much to contribute to advance psychological knowledge in general and that their neglect by psychologists in India is responsible in a large measure to the current unsavoury state of psychology in the country. They reiterated their resolve to reorient psychology along the lines shaped by India’s intellectual and spiritual history and ethos.<ref
name=rao2016>{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |last2=Paranjpe |first2=Anand C. |author1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Psychology in the Indian Tradition |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |location=New Delhi; Heidelberg |isbn=9788132224396 |doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2440-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4KBCgAAQBAJ}} {{OCLC|930772860}}</ref>{{rp|vii}}
}}

===Goals and progress===

Rao and Paranjpe (2016) reported that about a year after the issuance of the ''Manifesto'', "a smaller group assembled in Visakhapatnam and worked out a plan to prepare a set of three volumes, a handbook, a textbook, and a sourcebook of Indian psychology.<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|vii}}
By 2016, both the handbook<ref name=raohandbook08>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Paranjpe |editor2-first=Anand C. |editor3-last=Dalal |editor3-first=Ajit K. |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Handbook of Indian Psychology |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press India |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175966024 |doi=10.1017/UPO9788175968448 }} {{OCLC|837199762}}
</ref> and textbook<ref name=rao2016/> had been published, but the sourcebook project had "languished... mainly because it has not been easy to find either psychologists who have deep knowledge of the classic works in [[Sanskrit]], [[Pāli]], and [[Ardhamagadhi Prakrit|Ardhamāgadhi]] or classicists sufficiently aware of the perspectives and needs of psychology today", but that plans for the sourcebook were "still on", and that they hoped that the sourcebook would "soon be completed".<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|vii}}

Dalal (2014) reported that "efforts to build Indian psychology as a vibrant discipline"<ref name=dalal14>Dalal, Ajit K., "A Journey Back to the Roots: Psychology in India" (pp. 18-39) in: {{cite book |editor1-last=Cornelissen |editor1-first=Matthijs |editor2-last=Misra |editor2-first=Girishwar |editor3-last=Varma |editor3-first=Suneet |editor2-link=Girishwar Misra |date=2014 |title=Foundations and Applications of Indian psychology |location=Delhi |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn= 9789332537460 |edition=2nd}} {{ISBN|9789332526365}}, {{OCLC|976000841}}</ref>{{rp|35}} have received impetus through several conferences that have taken place in [[Puducherry (city)|Pondicherry]] (2001, 2002, 2004), [[Kollam]] (2001), [[Delhi]] (2002, 2003, 2007), [[Visakhapatnam]] (2002, 2003, 2006), and [[Bangalore|Bengaluru]] (2007).
The Bengaluru (2007) conference on the [[Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana|SVYASA]] campus was national in scope and involved the presentation of over 120 papers in seven plenary sessions and 25 concurrent sessions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mohrhoff |first1=Ulrich |title=Indian psychology's coming of age: 2007 National Seminar on Indian Psychology |journal=Journal of Consciousness Studies |date=2008 |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=121–126 |issn=1355-8250}}</ref> Multiple books on Indian psychology have emerged from conference proceedings.<ref name=joshi04>{{cite book |editor1-last=Joshi |editor1-first=Kireet |editor2-last=Cornelissen |editor2-first=Matthijs |title=Consciousness, Indian psychology and yoga |date=2004 |publisher=Centre for Studies in Civilizations |location=New Delhi |language=en |isbn=9788187586173}} {{OCLC|760642604}}</ref><ref name=rao05>{{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Marwaha |editor2-first=Sonali Bhatt |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Towards a spiritual psychology: Essays in Indian psychology |date=2005 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Samvad India Foundation |isbn=9788190131841 |language=en}} {{OCLC|295034825}}</ref>

Oman and [[Nirbhay N. Singh|Singh]] (2018) stated that "The Indian psychology movement has made substantial strides in incorporating theory- and realization-derived content".<ref name=omansingh18/>{{rp|175}}
Indian psychology texts have been favorably reviewed in journals dedicated to a variety of other fields and subfields of psychology.<ref name=chaudhary10/><ref name=berry09/><ref name=tripathy10/><ref name=pickering09/><ref name=lorimer14/><ref name=stanford10/><ref name=potts11/>
Other external impacts to date include a [[meta-analysis]] published in ''[[Psychological Bulletin]]'', in which Sedlmeier and his meta-analytic colleagues, for determining basic traditional teachings relevant to meditation, "lean heavily on the recent Indian psychology movement, which originated in India but includes experts on diverse theoretical approaches to meditation from both East and West".<ref name=sedlmeier12>{{cite journal |last1=Sedlmeier |first1=Peter |last2=Eberth |first2=Juliane |last3=Schwarz |first3=Marcus |last4=Zimmermann |first4=Doreen |last5=Haarig |first5=Frederik |last6=Jaeger |first6=Sonia |last7=Kunze |first7=Sonja |title=The psychological effects of meditation: A meta-analysis. |journal=[[Psychological Bulletin]] |date=2012 |volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1139–1171 |doi=10.1037/a0028168 |pmid=22582738}}</ref>{{rp|1142}}

==Topics, characteristics, and methods==

Varied topics have been addressed to date in Indian psychology publications. Chaudhary<ref name=chaudhary10/> noted that the ''Handbook''<ref name=raohandbook08/> contains sections on schools of thought ([[Jainism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Hinduism]], and various related traditions), specific psychological processes and constructs ("values, personality, perception, cognition, emotion, creativity, education, and spirituality"<ref name=chaudhary10/>{{rp|289}}), and applications to individual psychology and [[group dynamics]], including [[meditation]] from different traditions, [[yoga]], and [[ayurveda]]. The Indian psychology literature also includes case studies of a number of prominent Indian spiritual figures and their legacies, including [[Tukaram|Saint Tukārāma]],<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|276–292}} [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak|B. G. Tilak]],<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|262–276}} [[Ramana Maharshi]],<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|292–300}} [[Mahatma Gandhi]],<ref name=raogandhi18>{{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |author-link1=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Mahatma Gandhi's Pragmatic Spirituality: Its Relevance to Psychology East and West |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2018 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=109–116 |doi=10.1007/s12646-017-0394-x}}</ref><ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|301–340}} [[Akhilananda]] and [[Eknath Easwaran]].<ref name=omanbormann18>{{cite journal |last1=Oman |first1=Doug |last2=Bormann |first2=Jill E. |title=Eknath Easwaran's Mantram and Passage Meditation as Applied Indian Psychology: Psycho-Spiritual and Health Effects |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2018 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=94–108 |doi=10.1007/s12646-018-0448-8}}</ref>

Dalal (2014) stated that Indian psychology can be deemed as "''universal'' [and not] subsumed under indigenous or cultural psychology if that implies delimiting the scope of psychological inquiry.... deals primarily with the ''inner state'' of a person.... [and is] ''spiritual'' in its orientation [but that] does not mean otherworldly, nor does it mean being religious or dogmatic .... [is] based on ''veridical'' methods.... [that] rely on the blending of first person and second person perspectives .... [and] is ''applied''.... concerned about... practices that can be used for the transformation of human conditions toward perfection... of the person to higher levels of achievement and well-being" (emphases in original).<ref name=dalal14/>{{rp|33–34}}

Rao and Paranjpe (2016) stated that Indian psychology
{{quote|
subscribes to [[Multimethodology|methodological pluralism]]. Without rejecting [[Objectivity (science)|objectivity]], control, and simplicity of experimental exploration, Indian psychology recognizes the need to go beyond experimentation to usefully capture the richness and manifold complexity of human experience to embrace and accommodate [[Phenomenology (psychology)|phenomenological methods]] as coequals.<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|32}}
}}

Arulmani (2007) stated that "In the same manner that Western psychology is committed to the deployment of techniques to make valid and reliable objective observations, the Indian tradition has developed a wide variety of methods to sharpen the quality and reliability of inner, subjective observations".<ref name=arulmani07>{{cite journal |last1=Arulmani |first1=Gideon |title=Counselling Psychology in India: At the Confluence of Two Traditions |journal=[[Applied Psychology (journal)|Applied Psychology]] |date=2007 |volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=69–82 |doi=10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00276.x}}</ref>{{rp|72}}

==Relation to other fields==
Rao and Paranjpe (2016) wrote that "We should consider the Western and Indian approaches not as either or but mutually complementary and reinforcing models."<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|128}}

Oman and [[Nirbhay N. Singh|Singh]] (2018) wrote that "Like modern psychological paradigms, many indigenous Indian paradigms are framed universally and can be explored for relevance to diverse populations worldwide. The Indian psychology movement aims to reclaim traditional riches while expanding and refining the best of modern psychology".<ref name=omansingh18>{{cite journal |last1=Oman |first1=Doug |last2=Singh |first2=Nirbhay N. |author-link2=Nirbhay N. Singh |title=Combining Indian and Western Spiritual Psychology: Applications to Health and Social Renewal |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2018 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=172–180 |doi=10.1007/s12646-016-0362-x}}</ref>{{rp|173}}

Chakkarath (2005) argues along similar lines, pointing out that systemically elaborated psychological theories that were developed in India before European colonization are also concerned with universal psychological questions, but at the same time provide divergent answers that can be very useful for the development of a more culturally sensitive and at the same time internationally oriented psychology.<ref>Chakkarath, Pradeep (2005). What can Western psychology learn from indigenous psychologies? Lessons from Hindu psychology. In W. Friedlmeier, P. Chakkarath, & B. Schwarz (Eds.), ''Culture and human development: The importance of cross-cultural research to the social sciences'' (pp. 31-51). Psychology Press.</ref>

Rao, Paranjpe, and Dalal (2008) wrote that "Indian psychology recognizes that physical processes influence mental functions, but it also stresses that mental functions influence bodily processes.... Therefore, neurophysiological studies are not considered irrelevant to Indian psychology, but are regarded as insufficient to give us a complete understanding of human nature".<ref
name=raointro08>[[Koneru Ramakrishna Rao|Rao, K. Ramakrishna]], "Prologue: Introducing Indian Psychology" (pp. 1-18) in: {{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Paranjpe |editor2-first=Anand C. |editor3-last=Dalal |editor3-first=Ajit K. |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Handbook of Indian Psychology |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press India |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175966024 |doi=10.1017/UPO9788175968448 }} {{OCLC|837199762}}</ref>{{rp|8}}

Oman and Singh (2018) wrote that "psychologists connected to diverse religious traditions have engaged in what we may call ''epistemic integration'' [in which researchers] have generated texts and conducted research that explicitly respects one or more [religious/spiritual] traditions as sources of knowledge.... The Indian psychology movement may be viewed as in part an epistemic integration attempt and in part as an attempt to expand modern psychology".<ref name=omansingh18/>{{rp|174}}<ref>Oman and [[Nirbhay N. Singh|Singh]] (2018) also state that "Such epistemic integration is not an historical anomaly—as [[Ian Barbour|Barbour]] (2000) has demonstrated, integration has been a recurring mode of interaction between science and religion wherever they have been deemed separable. In recent years, R/S-psychology integration efforts have been conducted by Christians (Stevenson, Eck, & Hill, 2007), Muslims (Rassool, 2016), Jews (Milevsky & Eisenberg, 2012; Spero, 1992), and Buddhists (Wallace & Shapiro, 2006). Leading spiritual figures have occasionally engaged directly in collaborative research (e.g., Ekman & Lama, 2008)" (p. 174).</ref>

Rao and Paranjpe (2016) wrote that "In the Indian tradition the guru (preceptor)… occupies an intermediate position between first-person experience of the practitioner and the final self-certifying state of pure consciousness, playing an indispensable role of mediation and providing a second-person perspective to supplement third-person and first-person approaches. … [which yields an] important methodological addition to psychological research suggested by Indian psychology".<ref name=rao2016/>{{rp|174}}

Oman and Singh (2018) wrote that "In studying religion/spirituality, US psychologists have emphasized empirical work, whereas the Indian psychology movement has emphasized insights from experience and [[Self-realization|realization]]. Through collaboration, Indian and US psychologists can learn from each other and combine the strengths of the two approaches."<ref name=omansingh18/>{{rp|178–9}}

==Publications (selected)==
The Pondicherry ''Manifesto on Indian Psychology'' was published in ''[[Psychological Studies]]'', the journal of the Indian [[National Academy of Psychology]]:
*{{cite journal |last1=Cornelissen |first1=Matthijs |title=Pondicherry Manifesto of Indian Psychology |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2002 |volume=47 |issue=1–3 |pages=168–169 |issn=0033-2968}}

Both edited and authored books have helped define the field of Indian psychology.

Edited books include:

*{{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Paranjpe |editor2-first=Anand C. |editor3-last=Dalal |editor3-first=Ajit K. |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Handbook of Indian Psychology |date=2008 |publisher=Cambridge University Press India |location=New Delhi |isbn=9788175966024 |doi=10.1017/UPO9788175968448 }} {{OCLC|837199762}}
**Reviewed in multiple journals<ref
name=chaudhary10>{{cite journal |last1=Chaudhary |first1=Nandita |title=Untitled [review] |journal=[[Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology]] |date=2010 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=284–292 |doi=10.1177/0022022109357031}}</ref><ref
name=berry09>{{cite journal |last1=Berry |first1=John W. |title=Review of Handbook of Indian psychology. |journal=Canadian Psychology |date=2009 |volume=50 |issue=4 |pages=292–293 |doi=10.1037/a0017158}}</ref><ref
name=tripathy10>{{cite journal |last1=Tripathi |first1=R. C. |title=Book Review: K. Ramakrishna Rao, Anand C. Paranjpe, and Ajit K. Dalal (Eds), Handbook of Indian Psychology, New Delhi: Cambridge University Press, pp. xix+648, 2008. (ISBN 978-81-7596-602-4) |journal=[[Psychology & Developing Societies|Psychology and Developing Societies]] |date=2010 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=191–199 |doi=10.1177/097133360902200107}}</ref><ref
name=pickering09>{{cite journal |last1=Pickering |first1=John |title=Review of: Handbook of Indian Psychology |journal=[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]] |date=2009 |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=122–125 |issn=1355-8250}}</ref><ref
name=stanford10>{{cite journal |last1=Stanford |first1=Rex G. |title=Handbook of Indian Psychology [book review] |journal=[[Journal of Parapsychology]] |date=2010 |volume=74 |issue=1 |pages=194–204 |issn=0022-3387 |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Handbook+of+Indian+Psychology.-a0238093026}}</ref>

*{{cite book |editor1-last=Cornelissen |editor1-first=Matthijs |editor2-last=Misra |editor2-first=Girishwar |editor3-last=Varma |editor3-first=Suneet |editor2-link=Girishwar Misra |date=2011 |title=Foundations of Indian psychology (Theories and concepts, Vol. 1; Practical applications, Vol. 2) |location=Delhi |publisher=Pearson |edition=1st}} {{OCLC|745468284}} {{ISBN|9788131730843}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|9788131730850}} (Vol. 2).
**(Second edition in one volume) {{cite book |editor1-last=Cornelissen |editor1-first=Matthijs |editor2-last=Misra |editor2-first=Girishwar |editor3-last=Varma |editor3-first=Suneet |editor2-link=Girishwar Misra |date=2014 |title=Foundations and Applications of Indian psychology |location=Delhi |publisher=Dorling Kindersley |isbn= 9789332537460 |edition=2nd}} {{ISBN|9789332526365}}, {{OCLC|976000841}}

Authored books include:

*{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |last2=Paranjpe |first2=Anand C. |author1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Psychology in the Indian Tradition |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |location=New Delhi; Heidelberg |isbn=9788132224396 |doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2440-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y4KBCgAAQBAJ}} {{OCLC|930772860}}
*{{cite book |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |title=Cognitive anomalies, consciousness, and Yoga |date=2011 |publisher=Centre for Studies in Civilizations |isbn=9788191014228 |language=en}} {{OCLC|703547641}}
**Reviewed in multiple journals<ref
name=rammohan11>{{cite journal |last1=Rammohan |first1=Gowri |title=K. Ramakrishna Rao: Cognitive Anomalies, Consciousness and Yoga [book review] |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2011 |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=413–415 |doi=10.1007/s12646-011-0100-3}}</ref><ref
name=lorimer14>{{cite journal |last1=Lorimer |first1=David |title=Review of: Cognitive Anomalies, Consciousness, and Yoga |journal=[[Journal of Consciousness Studies]] |date=2014 |volume=21 |issue=11–12 |pages=164–169 |issn=1355-8250}}</ref><ref
name=potts11>{{cite journal |last1=Potts |first1=Michael |title=Cognitive Anomalies, Consciousness, and Yoga [book review] |journal=[[Journal of Parapsychology]] |date=2011 |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=384–390 |issn=0022-3387 |url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Cognitive+Anomalies%2C+Consciousness%2C+and+Yoga-a0280004582}}</ref>

*{{cite book |last1=Bhawuk |first1=Dharm P. S. |title=Spirituality and Indian psychology: Lessons from the Bhagavad-Gita |date=18 March 2011 |publisher=Springer |location=New York, NY |isbn=9781441981103}} {{OCLC|719363212}}
**Reviewed in journal<ref name=timalsina15>{{cite journal |last1=Timalsina |first1=Sthaneshwar |title=Cultural Psychology from Within |journal=[[Philosophy East and West]] |date=2015 |volume=65 |issue=4 |pages=1281–1285 |doi=10.1353/pew.2015.0098}}</ref>

Books that collected conference papers include:

*{{cite book |editor1-last=Joshi |editor1-first=Kireet |editor2-last=Cornelissen |editor2-first=Matthijs |title=Consciousness, Indian psychology and yoga |date=2004 |publisher=Centre for Studies in Civilizations |location=New Delhi |language=en |isbn=9788187586173}} {{OCLC|760642604}}
*{{cite book |editor1-last=Rao |editor1-first=K. Ramakrishna |editor2-last=Marwaha |editor2-first=Sonali Bhatt |editor1-link=Koneru Ramakrishna Rao |title=Towards a spiritual psychology: Essays in Indian psychology |date=2005 |location=New Delhi |publisher=Samvad India Foundation |isbn=9788190131841 |language=en}} {{OCLC|295034825}}

Journal articles that have discussed Indian psychology include:

*A target article, with commentary and reply, on the relationship between Indian Psychology and [[positive psychology]], published in the June 2014 issue of ''[[Psychological Studies]]'':
**Target article: {{cite journal |last1=Rao |first1=K. Ramakrishna |title=Positive Psychology and Indian Psychology In Need of Mutual Reinforcement |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2014 |volume=59 |issue=2 |pages=94–102 |doi=10.1007/s12646-013-0228-4|doi-access=free }}
*European and Indian psychologists collaborated in extracting psychological ideas from traditional Indian [[Samkhya]] and [[Yoga (philosophy)|Yoga]] philosophies:
**{{cite journal |last1=Sedlmeier |first1=Peter |last2=Srinivas |first2=Kunchapudi |title=How Do Theories of Cognition and Consciousness in Ancient Indian Thought Systems Relate to Current Western Theorizing and Research? |journal=[[Frontiers in Psychology]] |date=2016 |volume=7 |article-number=343 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00343 |url=http://www.qucosa.de/fileadmin/data/qucosa/documents/20877/fpsyg-07-00343-1.pdf |doi-access=free }}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
*Two western-based scholars, including the editor of the journal ''[[Mindfulness]]'', presented a list of twelve "generative topics for collaboration and integration" (p. 175) of western and Indian psychology, arguing that there were many opportunities for collaboration between western and Indian psychologists.
**{{cite journal |last1=Oman |first1=Doug |last2=Singh |first2=Nirbhay N. |author-link2=Nirbhay N. Singh |title=Combining Indian and Western Spiritual Psychology: Applications to Health and Social Renewal |journal=[[Psychological Studies]] |date=2018 |volume=63 |issue=2 |pages=172–180 |doi=10.1007/s12646-016-0362-x}}
*An Indian psychologist describes four approaches to building psychological models from ideas encountered in scriptures:
**{{cite journal |last1=Bhawuk |first1=Dharm P. S. |title=Methodology for Building Psychological Models from Scriptures |journal=[[Psychology & Developing Societies|Psychology and Developing Societies]] |date=2010 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=49–93 |doi=10.1177/097133360902200103}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.infinityfoundation.com/mandala/i_es/i_es_corne_manifesto_frameset.htm Pondicherry ''Manifesto of Indian Psychology''] (full text without signatories)
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Abu_3JyS-aY The core and context of Indian psychology] ([[Girishwar Misra]] on [[YouTube]], 1h 15m)
*[https://www.ipi.org.in Indian Psychology Institute (Pondicherry)]

[[Category:Indology]]
[[Category:Psychological schools]]

Infrastructure in Bengaluru

2025-11-13T12:36:34Z

Kristie5701: made a stub

{{short description|Aspects of Bengaluru's infrastructure}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
[[Bengaluru]] is the capital and the largest city of the [[India]]n [[States of India|state]] of [[Karnataka]]. It is India's [[List of most populous cities in India|third largest city]] and [[List of most populous metropolitan areas in India|fifth largest metropolitan area]]. Modern Bengaluru was founded in 1537 [[Common Era|CE]] by [[Kempe Gowda]], a [[vassal]] of the [[Vijayanagara Empire]]. Kempe Gowda built a mud [[fort]] in the vicinity of modern Bengaluru. By 1831, the city was incorporated into the [[British Raj]] with the establishment of the [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. The British returned dominion of the city to the [[Kingdom of Mysore|King of Mysore]], choosing however, to retain jurisdiction over the [[cantonment]]. Therefore, Bengaluru essentially became a [[Twin cities (geographical proximity)|twin city]], with civic and infrastructural developments of the cantonment conforming to European styles of planning.

For most of the period after Indian independence in 1947, Bengaluru was a [[Status of Indian cities|B-1 status city]], and was not considered to be one of India's "4 major [[Metropolitan cities of India|metropolitan cities]]". The growth of Information Technology in the city, which is the largest contributor to India's software exports, has led to a decadal growth that is second to only that of India's capital New Delhi. The city's roads, however, were not designed to accommodate the vehicular traffic, growing at an average of 8% annually, that prevails in Bengaluru. This leads to heavy [[Traffic Problems in Bengaluru|slow traffic and traffic jams in Bengaluru]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=16 January 2024 |title=More vehicles, not enough roads leave Bengaluru choking |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/more-vehicles-not-enough-roads-leave-bengaluru-choking-2850128 |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Particularly during the monsoon season, commute becomes a challenge. The crippling infrastructure and lack of a robust mass transit network have led to the city having one of the worst average commute times in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulukutla |first=Pawan |date=2 August 2022 |title=Easing traffic woes in Bengaluru |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/easing-traffic-woes-in-bengaluru-1132186.html |access-date=2024-08-12 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref>

==Early city planning and infrastructure==
[[Image:Bangalore1924 map.png|thumb|250px|A 1924 map of Bangalore showing the major roads and localities of the Bangalore ''pete'' and the [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. The Bangalore fort is located in the western part of the city.]]Within the fort built by Kempe Gowda I, the town was divided into ''pete''s or localities such as Chikpete, Dodpete and Balepete, with each area intended for different artisans and tradesman. Markets within the town were divided by the nature of the provisions supplied and services rendered – Aralpete, Akkipete, Ragipete, Balepete and Taragupete sold various provisions while Kumbarpete, Ganginarpete, Upparpete, Nagartharapete catered to services. The town within the fort had two main streets – Chikpete street and Dodpete street. Chikpete street ran east–west and Dodpete street ran north–south. Their intersection formed the heart of the town – Dodpete square. The town within the fort was cordoned by nine gates. The four main gates of the fort were [[Ulsoor|Halasuru]] (east), Sondekoppa (west), [[Yelahanka]] (north) and [[Anekal]] (south).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800480200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701030020/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/18/stories/2002071800480200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=A grand dream |date=18 July 2002}}</ref> Kempe Gowda encouraged the construction of [[Hindu temple|temples]] and residential areas, known as ''agraharas'' within the town. Kempe Gowda I sanctioned the construction of lakes within the [[landlocked]] city, to provide for a source of water supply. The city's residential areas further developed under Kempe Gowda II, who built four towers to demarcate Bangalore's boundaries. These towers in the modern localities of [[Lal Bagh]], Kempambudhi [[water tank|Tank]], Ulsoor lake, and the vicinity of [[Ramana Maharshi]] Ashram.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/22/stories/2005022201010300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001002555/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/22/stories/2005022201010300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 October 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=keyword:heritage |date=22 February 2005}}</ref> In 1758, Bangalore was given as a ''jahagir'' to [[Hyder Ali|Haider Ali]], [[Commander-in-chief]] of the [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore army]]. Haider Ali built the Delhi and Mysore gates of the fort and further strengthened it with stone walls. The [[Lal Bagh]] [[botanical garden]] was established in the city during the reigns of Haider Ali and his son, [[Tipu Sultan]]. Captured by the British after the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] in 1799, Bangalore fell into the dominion of the [[British Raj]]. The [[Diwan (title)|Diwan]] of Mysore, [[Poornaiah]], contributed to the development of Bangalore's infrastructure between 1799 and 1811 CE. He renovated the temple inside the fort and built a [[choultry]] for travellers in Tulasi Thota. The British moved their [[garrison]] from [[Srirangapatna]] to Bangalore in 1831, establishing the [[Bangalore Cantonment]]. The officer in charge of the city was known as ''[[Huzoor]] Shirastedar''. [[Mark Cubbon (army officer)|Sir Mark Cubbon]], [[commissioner]] of the city from 1834 to 1861, was responsible for introducing [[Kannada]] as the official language and for sanctioning the construction of roads and bridges, as well as setting up the [[telegraph]] system in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/08/stories/2002080800520200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030701114437/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/08/08/stories/2002080800520200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=1 July 2003 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Modernity arrives |date=8 August 2002}}</ref>

The [[South Parade, Bangalore|South Parade]], today known as [[MG Road, Bangalore|M.G. Road]], became a fashionable area with bars, and restaurants. In his book ''Bangalore: Scenes from an Indian City'', M. N. Srinivas opines that the reasons leading to the haphazard development of narrow, winding roads around the civilian areas around the cantonment was because the British chose to ignore the development of these areas, which were normally reserved for non-European labourers. The first railway lines between Bangalore and [[Jolarpet]] were laid in 1864 under the directives of Cubbon. His successor, [[Lewin Bentham Bowring]] (1862–1870) established the first organised law enforcement units in the city as well the [[sanitary sewer|sewerage]] system and the department of [[Census|Survey and Settlement]]. In 1862, the ''Town Municipality of Bangalore'' was constituted under [[Act of Parliament|Act]] No. XXVI of 1850. The municipality board, comprising two European officials, four local officials and two non-officials met biweekly to discuss matters on the city's [[sanitation]] and improvement. The jurisdiction of the municipality included Balepet, Manavarthpet and Halsurpet. The first project of the municipality was the construction of a [[moat]] around the [[Defensive wall|ramparts]] of the old Bangalore fort. In 1866, the municipality installed [[kerosene]] [[street lamp|lamps]] on principal streets. A parallel municipality was established in the Bangalore Cantonment in 1862 with [[Indian Rupee|Rs.]] 37,509. The jurisdiction of the cantonment municipality included the [[Ulsoor]] division, Southern division, East General [[Bazaar]] division, West General Bazaar division, Cleveland Town division and High Ground division. Though the Bangalore town and the Cantonment had separate municipal bodies, they both reported to the President of Bangalore Town Municipality. Despite the establishment of municipal bodies, civic infrastructure in the city did not see considerable improvement. Uncovered drains, some between {{convert|10|ft|m}} deep by {{convert|6|ft|m}} wide, were common in the town. Contractors of the municipality subordinated farmers for the removal of filth in the cantonment, which they in turn, used as [[manure]]. The efficacy of this agreement was minimal during agricultural seasons. Contractors engaged in building construction employing more than 10 labourers, were required to maintain a [[latrine]] for their use and clean it daily.

The [[bubonic plague]] of 1897–98 had a dramatic effect on the improvements of sanitation and health facilities. Telephone lines were laid to help coordinate anti-plague operations. To prevent the spread of the epidemic, several unsanitary houses were demolished, and with a lack of manpower to accomplish the demolitions, [[convict]]s from the Central [[Prison|Jail]] were requisitioned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/06/14/stories/2005061400900300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060919095147/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/06/14/stories/2005061400900300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 September 2006 |work=[[The Hindu]] |title=Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Fear of the plague |date=14 June 2005}}</ref> In 1892, the Western extension was formed in the city and sites measuring {{convert|30|ft|m|abbr=on}}. by {{convert|108|ft|m|abbr=on}}. were sold, by community. This extension was later named Chamarajendrapet. A similar extension was formed in the north of the city, called Sheshadripuram, after Diwam [[Sheshadri Iyer]]. The relieve the city of congestion, two new extensions, [[Malleswaram]] and [[Basavanagudi]] were formed. New roads were constructed linking the new localities and [[ward (politics)|wards]] of the city during this time. The [[Avenue (landscape)|Avenue]] Road, so called because of being lined by trees on either side, was the commercial hub of the city. The B.V.K. [[Iyengar]] Road was constructed as a direct tributary of the Mysore Road. The [[silver jubilee]] park near K.R. Market was laid to commemorate the silver jubilee of the accession of the king of Mysore, [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] in 1927. The road on one side of the park was named Silver Jubilee road and Narasimharaja Road on the other. [[Anand Rao]] [[Roundabout|Circle]] was laid in honour of the Mysore Diwan, while [[Sajjan Rao]] Circle was named after a philanthropist. In August 1948, the [[Governor General of India]], C. Rajagopalachari inaugurated the [[Jayanagar, Bangalore|Jayanagar]] extension, named after the last ruler of the [[Kingdom of Mysore]], Jayachamrajendra [[Wodeyar]]. On 3 July 1949, the industrial suburb of the city was inaugurated by the [[Maharajah]] of Mysore and was named [[Rajajinagar]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/06/28/stories/2005062800890300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920102031/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2005/06/28/stories/2005062800890300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-09-20 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2005-06-28 |title=Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Making of city's wards }}</ref> In 1905, Bangalore became the first city in India to be electrified, powered by the [[hydroelectric]] plant in [[Shivanasamudra]].{{Citation needed|reason=reliable source needed for the whole sentence|date=April 2014}}

==Development after independence==
{{See also|Visvesvaraya Centre}}
[[Image:Bangalore LadyCurzonHospital.jpg|thumb|250px|The Lady Curzon Hospital, now known as Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital was established in 1864 and named after the first [[Viceroy]] of India, [[Lord Curzon]].]] After [[Partition of India|Indian independence]] in 1947, the two municipalities of the cantonment and Bangalore town were united under the Bangalore Municipal Corporation Act LXIX (1949) to form a single municipality for the city – the [[Bangalore Mahanagara Palike|Bangalore City Corporation]] (BCC). The new corporation consisted of 50 wards and 75 councillors. The first elections to the BCC under adult [[Suffrage|franchise]] were held in December 1950, with [[Indian National Congress|Congress party]] candidate R. Anantharaman elected as first mayor of independent Bangalore. The needs of a growing city led to the rapid growth of civic bodies in the city. The BDA Act of 1976 reconstituted and reorganised the City Improvement Trust Board to form the [[Bangalore Development Authority]] (BDA), whose objective was to ensure proper planning and development of the [[metropolitan area]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/01/03/stories/2006010300390300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818183417/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2006/01/03/stories/2006010300390300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2006-08-18 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2006-01-03 |title=Metro Plus Bangalore / Heritage : Burgeoning Bangalore }}</ref> Bangalore's city layout today has various types of "growth poles",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gisdevelopment.net/application/Utility/transport/pdf/203.pdf |title=Microsoft Word – tempans.doc }}</ref> consisting of Markets – [[Krishnarajendra Wodeyar|K.R. Market]], [[Malleshwaram]], Magadi Road, [[Ulsoor]] and others, Commercial Centres – [[Mahatma Gandhi|Gandhi]] [[Bazaar]], MG Road, Brigade Road, Commercial streets among others, Industrial layouts – [[Electronics City]], [[Bharat Electronics Limited]] layout and HAL Layout, and other socio-economic precursors – Hospitals ([http://www.mallyahospital.net/about-us.html Mallya]{{Dead link|date=September 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}, Bowring and Lady Curson, Vanivilas) and areas of religious and ethnic concentration.

The [[Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board]] (BWSSB) was constituted in 1968<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071019014042/http://indiagovernance.gov.in/GKC/GKC_WebUI/Portal/TaxonomyShowCase/ShowCaseStudy.aspx?CSID=366&tid=351 "e-Governance in Bangalore Water Supply & Sewerage Board", India Governance Knowledge Center, accessed August 11, 2007]</ref> to supply water to the city and to provide for the disposal of [[sewage]]. The [[Karnataka Electricity Board]] (KEB) was formed in 1957. Losses in revenues through the mid-1980s and 1990s prompted the Karnataka Legislature to pass the Karnataka Electricity Reforms Act in 1999, which corporatised the KEB into the [[KPTCL|Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited]] (KPTCL), with the distribution of [[Bangalore division]] vested with the [[KPTCL|Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited]] (BESCOM), which caters to 2.1 million customers in the Bangalore metropolitan area. To cater to the electricity needs of a growing population, BESCOM has sought to commission 11 additional 66/11 [[volt|kV]] substations. Over 4,000 distribution [[transformer]] centres were added. One survey indicates that 94% of citizens were satisfied with BESCOM's performance. However, Bangalore continues to experience residential and industrial power outages ("load shedding") for as long as 2 to 4 hours a day, while its contemporaries such as [[Chennai]] and [[Hyderabad]] remain largely free of such outages.<ref>{{cite web|author=Raggi Mudde |url=http://www.karnataka.com/tourism/bangalore/comparison.shtml |title=Bangalore Vs other southern Indian Cities |publisher=Karnataka.com |date=29 September 2007}}</ref>

The [[Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation]] (BMTC) was separated from the parent [[Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation]] through private sector investment,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSARREGTOPTRANSPORT/Resources/UrbanTransportSectorStrategyNote.pdf |title=Urban Transport in Bangalore And Chennai }}</ref> first making a profit of Rs. 267 million (US$5.6 million in 2001–2002. As of 2001, the company operated close to 3000 regular and ''Pushpak'' busses and services 2.8 million customers daily. The [[Bangalore Agenda Task Force]] (BATF), a private-public partnership enterprise, was established during the [[S. M. Krishna]] administration to coordinate civic improvement and development activities with the BDA and BMP. The BATF, along with other civic bodies identified ten junctions and roads for upgrade and improvement, including the [[Bannerghatta Road|Bannerghatta]] ring road junction, [[toll gate]] junction and the [[HAL Airport|Airport]] Inner Ring Road Junction.

Under the leadership of Mysore Royal family, the [[Hindustan Aeronautics Limited]] (HAL), a public sector undertaking was established in Bangalore for the purposes of research and development of [[fighter aircraft]] in the 1940s. The HAL operated an airport for test-flights. The [[Directorate General of Civil Aviation (India)|Directorate General of Civil Aviation]] (DGCA) obtained a small piece of land, known as ''Civil [[Enclave]]'' for the construction of a civil airport terminal in the HAL airport for handling peak-hour traffic of 300 passengers. By 1991, peak-hour traffic to Bangalore had increased to 1,800 passengers, making HAL the fourth busiest airport in the country by 2004.<ref>[http://www.airportsindia.org.in/aai/news/traffic-trends.xls] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060324175253/http://www.airportsindia.org.in/aai/news/traffic-trends.xls|date=24 March 2006}}</ref> When a tender was issued in 1991 by the [[Government of Karnataka]] for the construction of the [[Bangalore International Airport Limited|Bangalore International Airport]], HAL decided to discontinue civil aviation service.<ref name=hal>[http://expressindia.com/fe/daily/19980717/19855344p.html Victim of Politics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216230345/http://expressindia.com/fe/daily/19980717/19855344p.html |date=16 February 2006 }}. The Indian Express. 2006. The Indian Express Group. 17 Jul. 1998</ref> This led to a prolonged three way tussle for operational ownership between the HAL, the Government of Karnataka. Construction of the Bangalore International Airport (BIAL) was repeatedly delayed due to a lack of agreement between successive administrations and the private consortium over operational ownership of the international airport and the status of HAL airport upon the completion of construction of the international airport.<ref name=hal/> Clearance for the construction of the US$288 million airport was eventually granted in June 2004. The major stakeholders of this project include [[Siemens AG|Siemens]], [[Zurich Airport]], [[Larsen & Toubro]] consortium, Airports Authority of India and Karnataka State Investment and Industrial Development Corporation. Construction work on the airport began in March 2005.

Bangalore's road network exceeds 3,000 km (1,800 mi) and consists of [[ring road]]s, [[arterial road]]s, sub-arterial roads and residential streets. The city road network is mainly radial, converging in the centre. The main roads of Bangalore coming into the city include [[Bellary|Bellary Road]] in the north, [[Tumkur|Tumkur Road]] and [[Mysore|Mysore Road]] in the west, [[NH 209|Kanakpura Road]], [[Bannerghatta Road]] and [[Hosur Road]] in the south and [[HAL Airport|Airport Road]] and [[Chennai|Old Madras Road]] in the east.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.grsproadsafety.org/themes/default/pdfs/Roads%20and%20Traffic.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-03-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903033147/http://www.grsproadsafety.org/themes/default/pdfs/Roads%20and%20Traffic.pdf |archivedate=3 September 2006 }}</ref> Many of Bangalore's erstwhile colonial and town streets were developed into commercial and entertainment areas after independence. The B.V.K Iyengar Road became the retail hub of Bangalore, while [[MG Road, Bangalore|MG Road]], [[Commercial Street (Bangalore)|Commercial Street]] and [[Brigade Road]] became important shopping, recreation and corporate areas.<ref>{{cite thesis|last1=Vagale |first1=Uday Kumar |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941 |title=Microsoft Word – SECTION IV-FINAL.doc |date=6 May 2004 |publisher=Virginia Tech |hdl=10919/9941 }}</ref> Consequently, traffic increased, especially on MG Road, which forms the main artery for the city's east–west traffic. But for MG Road, other roads in and around the erstwhile Parade Ground remain narrow, winding roads. Bangalore's vehicular traffic has increased manifold, with 1.6 million registered vehicles in the city – the second highest for an Indian city, after New Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT%208-1%20Singh.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=15 March 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615101216/http://www.nctr.usf.edu/jpt/pdf/JPT%208-1%20Singh.pdf |archive-date=15 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The maintenance and construction of roads to address the growing traffic in the city has been a challenge to the BDA and the BMP. Development of the city road infrastructure has revolved around imposing one-way traffic in certain areas, improving traffic flow in [[junction (road)|junctions]], constructing ring roads, bridges, and other [[grade separator]]s. Six high volume junctions were identified for improvements, through a [[public-private partnership]] involving corporate sponsors and various state government agencies, such as the [[Siddapura, Bangalore|Siddapur Road]] and Hosur Road junction, sponsored by [[Infosys]] and the Airport Road and Intermediate Ring Road junction sponsored by the [[Tata Group|TATAs]]. Flyovers were constructed in the city to ease traffic congestion. Newer flyovers were planned for the city for 2006 and beyond<ref name=newflyovers>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206205857/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-11-28/bangalore/27855987_1_traffic-police-flyovers-sirsi-circle Traffic police trash all proposed flyovers]. ''The Times of India''. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 28 November 2005</ref> The construction of flyovers near the Domlur sector was delayed twice while the flyover near the Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology on [[Bannerghatta Road]] was also delayed.<ref name=courtbda>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun232005/index213672005622.asp Court Raps BDA on flyover delays] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317154149/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/jun232005/index213672005622.asp |date=17 March 2006 }}. ''Deccan Herald''. 2006. The Printers (Mysore) Ltd. 22 June 2005</ref>

Some of the flyovers and one-ways mitigated the traffic situation moderately, however the volume of traffic continues to grow at an annual rate of between 7–10%. Roads near [[HAL Airport|Airport Road]] and the residential areas in [[Koramangala]] were dug up for renovation but have remained in this state for over two years.<ref name=flyoverdelay>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206205902/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-06-05/bangalore/27863247_1_flyover-protest-traffic-jams Residents target delay in flyover]. ''The Times of India''. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 5 June 2005</ref> The Outer Ring Road was initially constructed to ease truck congestion in the city, however the growth of suburbs reduced the positive impact of the ring road.<ref name=ringroad>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060629131729/http://www.hindu.com/2005/06/21/stories/2005062119600300.htm Peripheral Ring Road work may begin by December]. ''The Hindu''. 2006. 21 June 2005</ref> Bangalore Development Authority is laying additional lanes on many of the major roads around Bangalore. The Peripheral Ring Road, expected to be completed in 2007, is designed to be<ref name=peripheral2>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec142005/city19334820051213.asp Peripheral ring road to be thrown open next month?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060317154912/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/dec142005/city19334820051213.asp |date=17 March 2006 }}. ''Deccan Herald''. 2006. 13 December 2005</ref> concentric to the Outer Ring Road and covers 108.9 km. The [[Hosur]] Road, which connects Bangalore to the [[Electronics City]], is heavily congested and is part of the [[National Highway (India)|National Highway]] (NH7), therefore witnesses heavy truck traffic as well.<ref name=hosurroad>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206205907/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-01-19/bangalore/27820369_1_silver-jubilee-expressway-work-state-for-road-transport Work on Bangalore-Hosur Road from Feb]. ''The Times of India''. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 16 January 2006</ref>

Rapid population growth in Bangalore was brought about by the IT and other associated industries, leading to an increase in the vehicular population to about 1.5 million, with an annual growth rate of 7–10%.<ref name=trafficstat>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120206205911/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-13/bangalore/27222407_1_road-space-road-infrastructure-population Road yet to catch up with city]. ''The Times of India''. 2006. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 13 August 2001</ref> Bangalore's infrastructural woes have led to protests by students and IT workers in the city.<ref name=protests>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051202132702/http://www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/articleshow?msid=873568 Bannerghatta Road drives IIM-B students to streets]''The Times of India''. 2004. Bennett Coleman and Co Ltd. 5 October 2004</ref> In July 2004 [[Wipro]]'s CEO [[Azim Premji]] threatened to pull his company out of the city unless there was a drastic improvement in infrastructure over the next few years, stating "We do not see the situation (state of Bangalore's infrastructure) improving in the near future".<ref name=wipro>[http://www.rediff.com/money/2004/jul/27wipro.htm Wipro threatens to quit Bangalore]. Rediff.com. 2006. Rediff.com India Limited. 27 July 2004</ref> Ideological clashes between the city's IT moguls, who demand addressing of the infrastructural problems of the city, and the successive state governments, whose electoral base is primarily rural Karnataka's agricultural workers, are common<ref name=murthysingh>[http://www.indianexpress.com/full_story.php?content_id=60231 Bangalore Crumbling]. ''The Indian Express''. 4 December 2004</ref> In 2005, however, the [[Government of India|Central]] and state governments allocated sizeable funding from their annual budgets towards the improvement of Bangalore's infrastructure.

==References and notes==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==

* {{Citation |title=Landscapes of Necessity. Envision a water resilient Hebbal Kempapura |date=January–April 2019 |url=https://issuu.com/nusdoa2020/docs/landscape_of_necessity_2019-1 |editor-last=Hye |editor-first=Hwang Yun |others=Authors of Work: Mitali Kumar, Elsa Sim Rui Jia, Dai Yuke, Yang Xiaowen, Tang Mengjiao Zhang Qinqin, Muhammad Rahmat Bin Khairudin, Isabel Villegas Molina, Chen Nan Manasi Venkatesh Prabhudesai, Chan Wing Fai, Liu Ye, Hou Yanru. Tutor: Hwang Yun Hye (NUS) |publisher=CASA Centre of Advanced Studies in Architecture, NUS School of Design and Environment, Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore |isbn=978-981-11-6460-6}}
{{Bangalore}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Infrastructure in Bangalore}}
[[Category:Economy of Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Infrastructure in India]]

Gangeyadeva

2025-11-03T05:04:41Z

Kristie5701:

{{Short description|King of Tripuri from 1015 to 1041}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Gangeyadeva
| title = Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara
| image = Kalachuris of Tripuri. Gangeya. Circa 1015-1040. Lakshmi seated facing - “Śrimad Gangeya Devah” in three lines.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Coinage of king Gangeyadeva ({{circa}} 1015–1041) of the Kalachuris of Tripuri. ''Obverse'': [[Lakshmi]] seated. ''Reverse'': "Śrimad Gangeya Devah" in three lines.
| succession = King of Dahala
| reign = c. 1015 – 22 January 1041
| predecessor = [[Kokalla II]]
| successor = [[Lakshmikarna]]
| death_date = 22 January 1041
| dynasty = [[Kalachuris of Tripuri]]
| father = [[Kokalla II]]
| issue = Lakshmikarna
}}

'''Gangeyadeva''' ({{IAST3|Gaṅgeyadeva}}; died 22 January 1041) was a ruler of the [[Kalachuris of Tripuri|Kalachuri dynasty]] of Tripuri in central India. His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]].

During the early part of his reign, Gangeyadeva seems to have ruled as a vassal, possibly that of the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]]. He fought against the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]] in an alliance with Bhoja, but was forced to retreat after some initial successes. In the 1030s, he raided several neighbouring kingdoms and established himself as a sovereign ruler. He appears to have annexed [[Varanasi]] to Kalachuri dominions.

== As a feudatory ==
Gangeyadeva succeeded his father [[Kokalla II]] on the throne of Tripuri around 1015.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=489}} In his 1019 Mukundpur inscription, Gangeyadeva assumes the modest titles ''Maharha-Maha-Mahattaka'' and ''Maharaja''.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=489}} This title is not as high as the imperial title ''[[Maharajadhiraja]]'', which suggests that Gangeyadeva was a feudatory to another king, possibly the [[Paramara dynasty|Paramara]] king [[Bhoja]].{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=170}}

=== Chalukyas of Kalyani ===
Gangeyadeva fought a war against the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]], possibly as a vassal of Bhoja. The triple alliance of Bhoja, Gangeyadeva and [[Rajendra Chola]] engaged the Chalukya king [[Jayasimha II (Western Chalukya dynasty)|Jayasimha II]] at multiple frontiers.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=144-145}}

The Kalachuri inscriptions boast that the king of [[Kuntala country|Kuntala]] (that is, Jayasimha) abandoned his spear while wanting to run away from Gangeyadeva. The Chalukya inscriptions also claim success against their enemies. Thus, it appears that Gangeyadeva and his allies achieved some military successes in the beginning, but were ultimately forced to retreat.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=489}}

== Paramaras ==
The [[Kalwan|Kalvan]] inscription, the ''[[Udaipur, Madhya Pradesh|Udaipur]] [[Prashasti]]'' inscription and Merutunga's ''[[Prabandha-Chintamani]]'' state that Bhoja defeated the ruler of Chedi.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=168-169}} ''Parijata-Manjari'' (c. 1213 CE) by Bala Saraswati Madana, specifically identifies the defeated ruler as Gangeya. A verse engraved on a stone slab in [[Bhoj Shala]] also suggests that Bhoja defeated Gangeyadeva of Tripuri.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|pp=168-169}} The 1223 CE Dhar inscription of the Bhoja's descendant [[Arjunavarman]] also mentions Bhoja's victory over Gangeya.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=64}}

It is not certain whether Bhoja defeated Gangeyadeva before or after their joint war against the [[Chalukyas of Kalyani]]. According to one theory, Bhoja defeated Gangeyadeva before his Chalukya campaign, in which Gangeyadeva must have fought as a Paramara vassal. [[V. V. Mirashi]] believed that Bhoja may have subjugated Gangeyadeva before 1019 CE, when Gangeyadeva issued his Mukundpur inscription.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=170}}

A contradictory theory is that the two turned enemies after their campaign against the Chalukyas.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=65}} Based on an inscription found at [[Mahoba]], [[K. M. Munshi]] theorized that the two remained allies at least until 1025 CE. Based on the 1028 [[Kulenur]] inscription, K. N. Seth and Mahesh Singh believe that the Chalukyas and the Paramaras did not fight between 1028 CE and 1042 CE (after which Someshvara attacked Malwa). They believe that Bhoja may have used this time to launch an expedition against Gangeya.{{sfn|Krishna Narain Seth|1978|p=171}}{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=66}}

== As a sovereign ==
In the later part of his reign, Gangeya achieved military successes at his eastern and northern frontiers. In his 1037-38 CE Piawan rock inscription, Gangeyadeva assumes the imperial titles ''Paramabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Parameshvara''. He also assumed the famous historical title ''Vikramaditya''. The Persian writer [[Al-Biruni]] mentions him as the ruler of the Dahala country, and names his capital as "Tiauri" (Tripuri).{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}}

=== Eastern campaign ===
Gangeyadeva invaded the [[Utkala Kingdom|Utkala]] region in the east, where he is said to have "raised his own arm as a pillar of victory" on the eastern coast. In this campaign, he was probably assisted by the dynasty's [[Kalachuris of Ratnapura|Ratnapura branch]], whose ruler Kamalaraja is said to have vanquished the ruler of Utkala. The defeated ruler was probably the [[Bhauma-Kara dynasty|Bhaumakara]] king Shubhakara II.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=489}}

The Kalachuri records claim that Gangeyadeva also defeated the ruler of the [[Dakshina Kosala]] region. The defeated king was probably Yayati II of the [[Somavaṃśī dynasty|Somavamshi]] dynasty. However, Yayati also claims to have defeated the king of Chedi and to have devastated his Dahala country. Thus, it appears that neither side gained a decisive victory in this war.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=489}}

Gangeyadeva's son Karna assumed the title ''Tri-Kalingadhipati'' ("Lord of three [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]]s") in an inscription issued a year after the death of Gangeyadeva. It is possible that Karna inherited this title from his father, who might have assumed it after his successful campaign in the east (that is, the Kalinga region).{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}}

=== Northern conquests ===
According to a fragmentary [[Chandela]] inscription discovered at [[Mahoba]], Bhoja and "Kalachuri-Chandra" worshipped the Chandela king [[Vidyadhara (Chandela ruler)|Vidyadhara]] like scared pupils. Historians identify "Kalachuri-Chandra" (literally "Moon of the Kalachuris") with Gangeyadeva. According to one theory, Bhoja, aided by Gangeyadeva, invaded the Chandela kingdom, but Vidyadhara forced them to retreat. However, some scholars such as [[K. M. Munshi]] believe that the Mahoba inscription is merely a boastful exaggeration.{{sfn|Mahesh Singh|1984|p=69}}

Later, Gangeyadeva expanded his kingdom in the north, as the Chandelas were weakened by [[Ghaznavid]] invasions.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=98}} He seems to have achieved significant success against the Chandelas, as even the Chandela records describe him as ''jita-vishva'' ("world-conqueror").{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=98}} A fragmentary [[Mahoba]] inscription of the Chandelas claims that their king [[Vijayapala]] broke the pride of Gangeyadeva in a battle.{{sfn|Sisirkumar Mitra|1977|p=88}}

Gangeyadeva seems to have extended his control over the sacred cities of [[Prayaga]] and [[Varanasi]], in the [[Ganga]]-[[Yamuna]] valley. According to the Kalachuri records, he died in Prayaga.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}} The writings of the Muslim chronicler Baihqui indicate that Varanasi was under Gangeyadeva's control in 1033-1034 CE.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=99}} Varanasi had earlier been under the Pala rule, at least until 1016 CE (the Sarnath stone inscription from [[Mahipala]] is dated to this year). According to the Muslim chronicle, when [[Ahmad Niyaltigin]] (the Ghaznavid governor of [[Punjab]]) invaded Varanasi in 1033 CE, the city was under the rule of Ganga (that is, Gangeya-deva). The Ghaznavids plundered the city until noon, when they retreated, probably on the approach of the Kalachuri army.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=100}}

Kalachuri inscriptions also credit Gangeyadeva with successful campaigns in [[Anga]] and Kira.{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=98}} Anga was ruled by the [[Pala Empire|Palas]]. Kira (or Kara) is identified with the [[Kangra Valley]].{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}} The Kangra Valley was held by the Ghaznavids, and Kalachuri claim of success in Kira appears to be a reference to Gangeyadeva's repulsion of the Ghaznavid attack.{{sfn|Gurcharn Singh Sandhu|2003|p=203}}

The colophon of a ''[[Ramayana]]'' manuscript states that it was copied in [[Tirhut]] (in present-day [[Bihar]]), during the reign of Gangeyadeva. The manuscript describes the king as ''garuda-dhvaja'', an epithet that seems to suggest that the king was a devotee of the god [[Vishnu]], whose [[vahana]] is the mythical bird [[Garuda]]. English scholar [[Cecil Bendall]] wrongly read the term as ''gauda-dhvaja'', based on which some scholars such as [[R. C. Majumdar]] wrongly theorized that the epithet indicated the Kalachuri king's conquest of the [[Gauḍa (region)|Gauda region]] in present-day [[West Bengal|Bengal]]. Historian [[V. V. Mirashi]] theorizes that the Gangeyadeva mentioned in the colophon was not a Kalachuri king at all: he belonged to a [[Branches of Rashtrakuta dynasty|Rashtrakuta branch]]. {{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1961|p=83}}

== Last days ==
Gangeyadeva installed a [[shivalinga]] at Piawan, which suggests that he was a [[Shaivite]].{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}

Kalachuri records state that Gangeyadeva attained salvation under the [[Akshayavata]] (sacred banyan tree) at [[Prayaga]].{{sfn|R. K. Dikshit|1976|p=98}} His hundred wives are said to have committed [[sati (practice)|suicide by immolation]] on his funeral pyre.{{sfn|R. K. Sharma|1980|p=24}} He was succeeded by his son [[Lakshmikarna]] (alias Karna).{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=490}} Karna's 1042 CE Varanasi inscription, issued on the occasion of his father's first annual ''[[Śrāddha|shraddha]]'' (death anniversary ritual) suggests that Gangeyadeva died on 22 January 1041.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}<ref name="n378">{{cite web | title=PREHISTORIC ANCIENT AND HINDU INDIA | last=Banerji | first=R. D. | url=https://ia802900.us.archive.org/15/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.282613/2015.282613.Prehistoric-Ancient_text.pdf | access-date=3 November 2025 | page=255}}</ref>

== Coinage ==
[[File:I39 KalachurisTripuri GangeyaDeva 1 (8097362351).jpg|thumb|A statue of Gangeyadeva (circa 1015–1041) and his successors until 1211 of the Kalachuri (Haihaya or Chedi) empire (capital: Tripuri) in central India (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh).

'''Dimension:''' 19 mm '''Weight:''' 3.84 g '''Material:''' Gold '''Rev:'''The inscription gives the name of the sovereign. '''Obv:''' Lakshmi, the goddess of fortune, in a sitting position. She has four arms.]]
Gangeyadeva issued coins featuring his name on one side, and a figure of goddess [[Lakshmi]] on the other side. This design was imitated by several north Indian dynasties.{{sfn|V. V. Mirashi|1957|p=491}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Gurcharn Singh Sandhu |title=A military history of medieval India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xi3cAAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Vision |isbn=9788170945253 |oclc=52107183 }}
* {{cite book |author=Krishna Narain Seth |title=The Growth of the Paramara Power in Malwa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Q4dAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Progress |year=1978 |oclc=8931757 }}
* {{cite book |author=Mahesh Singh |title=Bhoja Paramāra and His Times |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan |year=1984 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPsgAAAAMAAJ |oclc=566111008 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. K. Dikshit |title=The Candellas of Jejākabhukti |publisher=Abhinav |year=1976 |isbn=9788170170464 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a9j9ZJGJOV0C&pg=PA98 }}
* {{cite book |author=R. K. Sharma |title=The Kalachuris and their times |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Eee1AAAAIAAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Sundeep |oclc=7816720 }}
* {{cite book |author=Saikat K. Bose |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywfsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT281 |title=Boot, Hooves and Wheels: And the Social Dynamics behind South Asian Warfare |publisher=Vij |year=2015 | isbn=978-9-38446-454-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sisirkumar Mitra |title=The Early Rulers of Khajurāho |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |year=1977 |isbn=9788120819979 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=irHN2UA_Z7gC&pg=PA88 }}
* {{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |author-link=Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi |chapter=The Kalacuris |editor=R. S. Sharma |title=A Comprehensive history of India: A.D. 985-1206 |volume=4 (Part 1) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ahFuAAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Indian History Congress / People's Publishing House | isbn=978-81-7007-121-1 }}
* {{cite book |author=V. V. Mirashi |author-link=Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi |title=Studies in Indology |volume=2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AtItAQAAIAAJ |year=1961 |publisher=Vidarbha Samshodhana Mandal |oclc=977431956 }}
{{ref end}}

{{Kalachuris of Tripuri}}

[[Category:Kalachuris of Tripuri]]
[[Category:1041 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century Indian monarchs]]

Jhikardanga

2025-09-29T00:11:40Z

Kristie5701: made new post...

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Jhikardanga
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank = 592
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| area_total_km2 =
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 713102
| area_code_type = Telephone/[[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]] code
| area_code = 0342
| registration_plate =
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Bardhaman-Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bardhaman-Durgapur]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Bhatar (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Bhatar]]
| website = {{URL|purbabardhaman.gov.in/}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| other_name =
| subdivision_type = [[Country]]
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23|21|51.6|N|87|52|15.0|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}

'''Jhikardanga''' is a village in [[Bhatar (community development block)|Bhatar]] [[Community development block in India|CD block]] in [[Bardhaman Sadar North subdivision]] of [[Purba Bardhaman district]] in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]]. It supports 120 families. It is located about {{convert|14|km||abbr=}} from [[West Bengal]] on [[National highways of India|National Highway]] towards [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba burdhaman]].<ref>{{cite book|title=District Census Handbook|year=1985|page=511|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fbfUAAAAMAAJ&q=Jhikardanga+District+Census+Handbook}}</ref>

== Transport ==
At around {{convert|14|km||abbr=}} from [[Purba Bardhaman district|Purba Bardhaman]], the journey to Jhikardanga from the town can be made by bus and nearest rail station [[Barddhaman Junction railway station|Bardhaman]].<ref>{{cite web|title=District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Series 20 Part XII A, Census of India 2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf|accessdate=21 January 2019|work=Page 637: Map of Bhatar CD Block|publisher=Directorate of Census Operations 2011}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
Jhikardanga has substantial population of [[Scheduled Castes]], constituting 29% of total population in Jhikardanga village.<ref name="census3-2011">{{cite web|title=2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html|accessdate=26 February 2017|work=West Bengal – District-wise|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman|url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|archive-date=21 January 2019|accessdate=25 January 2019|work=Table 2.2|publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Particulars
!Total
!Male
!Female
|-
|Total no. of houses
|'''120'''
| -
| -
|-
|Population
|'''592'''
|319
|273
|-
|Child (0–6)
|'''55'''
|33
|22
|-
|Schedule Caste
|'''173'''
|92
|81
|-
|Schedule Tribe
|'''0'''
|0
|0
|}

==Healthcare==
The nearest rural hospital is at Bhatar (with 60 beds). Primary health centers are present.

==Education==
Schools include:

* Jhikardanga S.S.R.K. F.P. School.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=School|url=http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/psd/Bhatar.pdf|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Purba Bardhaman District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purba Bardhaman district]]
[[Category:West Bengal articles missing geocoordinate data]]

Manisha Saxena

2025-09-05T02:56:05Z

Kristie5701:

{{short description|Indian model, actress, and television presenter}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Notability|Bio|date=March 2018}}
{{BLP sources|date=January 2018}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox person
| name =Manisha Saxena
| image = Manisha Saxena at film city 3.jpg
| caption = Saxena in 2020
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = [[Pune]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| alma_mater = [[University of Delhi]]
| occupation = {{hlist | Model | actress | television presenter }}
| title =
| years_active = 2015–present
| parents =
| spouse =
| relatives =
| children =
| known_for = ''[[MTV Love School]]''
| notable_works =
| height =
}}
'''Manisha Saxena''' is an Indian model and television actress. She is known for [[MTV India]]'s reality show ''[[MTV Love School]]''.<ref name="auto">{{cite news | title=Manisha Delhi couple part ways on MTV Love School| newspaper=The Times of India| url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/delhi-couple-part-ways-on-mtv-love-school-season-2/articleshow/56681892.cms}}</ref> She appeared in the movie ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]'' (2016). In 2017 she portrayed the role of Isha Singh on ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]''. She appeared on [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|SET India]] television series ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} as Isha.

== Career ==
In 2017, Saxena has done [[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|SET India]]'s television series ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]''.Parallel lead of the show . She also appeared on ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]'' as Isha Sajjan Singh. She appeared as Lavanya negative lead of the show on Sab Tv in ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]]''. [S. In 2020, she starred [[RadhaKrishn]] as Jambavati (replaced Vaidehi Nayar). She was on the cover of ''[[India Today]]'' magazine.

== Television ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Show !! Role !! Channel
|-
| 2015 || ''[[MTV Love School]]'' (Season 1)<ref name="auto" /> || Participants || [[MTV India]]
|-
| 2017 || ''[[Pehredaar Piya Ki]]'' || Isha || rowspan="2"|[[Sony Entertainment Television (India)|SET India]]
|-
| 2017–2018 || ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} || Isha
|-
| 2018–2019 || ''[[Mangalam Dangalam]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} || Lavanya || [[SAB TV|Sony SAB]]
|-
| 2020–2021 || ''[[RadhaKrishn]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} || [[Jambavati|Queen Jambavati]] || [[Star Bharat]]
|-
| 2021– 2023 || ''[[Mann Sundar]]''{{Citation needed|date=September 2022}} || Ritu || rowspan="3"|[[Dangal (TV channel)|Dangal TV]]
|-
| 2024 || ''[[Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile (TV series)|Mil Ke Bhi Hum Na Mile]]''<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-02-13 |title=Manisha Saxena to return to TV screens with 'Milke Bhi Hum Na Mile', after a year-long hiatus. |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/manisha-saxena-to-return-to-tv-screens-with-milke-bhi-hum-na-mile-after-a-year-long-hiatus-says-didnt-want-to-randomly-pick-up-any-character-which-goes-unnoticed-exclusive/articleshow/107665099.cms |access-date=2024-02-14 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>|| Shruti Dixit
|-
| 2025 || ''Prem Leela''<ref>{{cite web|title=Manisha Saxena Joins Dangal TV’s Prem Leela as ‘Bijli’ — A Shocking New Twist Awaits at 9:30 PM|url=https://bollyy.com/entertainment/manisha-saxena-joins-dangal-tvs-prem-leela-as-bijli-a-shocking-new-twist-awaits-at-930-pm-9067229|work=Bollyy|accessdate=14 May 2025}}</ref> || Bijli
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| 2016 || ''[[Wajah Tum Ho]]'' || Rahul's Secretary || Debut
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Manisha Saxena}}
* {{IMDb name|8715583}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saxena, Manisha}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Actresses from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Actresses from Pune]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Female models from Mumbai]]
[[Category:Indian film actresses]]
[[Category:Indian television actresses]]
[[Category:People from Pune]]
[[Category:Delhi University alumni]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swami Temple

2025-09-03T00:08:48Z

Kristie5701: quick cleaned up information to improve readability additionally and fixed typos after review

{{short description|Hindu temple in Kerala, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{cleanup|date=April 2011}}
{{more citations needed|date=April 2011}}
}}
{{Infobox Hindu temple
|name=Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swami Temple
|native_name=നെയ്യാറ്റിൻകര ശ്രീ കൃഷ്ണ സ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം
|deity=[[Krishna]]
|location=[[Neyyattinkara]]
|district=[[Thiruvananthapuram district|Thiruvananthapuram]]
|state=[[Kerala]]|country=[[India]]
|image=Neyyattinkara Sreekrishna Swamy Temple.jpg
|caption=Temple entrance|architecture_type=[[Dravidian architecture]]
|architecture_style=[[Architecture of Kerala|Kerala style]]
|governing_body=[[Travancore Devaswom Board]]
|map_type=India Kerala
|map_caption=Location in Kerala
|coordinates={{coord|8|24|06|N|77|05|18|E}}
|festival=Annual festival during the Malayalam month of [[Meenam]]|native_name_lang=ml
|founded_by=[[Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma]]
|established=Between {{date|1750}} - {{date|1755}}
|elevation_m=42.94
}}

'''Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swamy Temple''' is a [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Krishna]] situated at [[Neyyattinkara]], {{cvt|20|km|mi}} south of [[Thiruvananthapuram]] in [[Kerala]], India. It is one of the important temples of Krishna in Kerala with great historic importance. The temple enshrines ''Unnikannan'' in the form of [[Bala Krishna|Navaneetha Krishna]] as the presiding deity. ''Thrikkayyilvenna'' or ''Thrikkayyil Venna'' (butter) is a unique offering to Neyyattinkara Unnikannan, the deity of the temple.<ref>{{cite web|title=Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swamy Temple|url=http://templesinkerala.in/?page_id=109|website=templesinkerala.in|accessdate=24 Dec 2016}}</ref> World famous musicians Sri. Neyyattinkara Mohanachandran and Neyyaattinkara Vasudevan used to perform concerts regularly in temple festival.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.mathrubhumi.com/news/kerala/-kathirmandapam-at-neyyatinkara-sreekrishna-swamy-temple-in-dilapidated-state-mathrubhumi-1.1944635|title = 'Kathirmandapam' at Neyyatinkara Sreekrishna Swamy temple in dilapidated state}}</ref>

==Legend and history==
[[File:Neyyattinkara kannan.jpg|thumb|Neyyattinkara Unni Kannan]]

Neyyattinkara Shri Krishnaswamy [[Temple]] is supposed to be built in between AD 1750 - AD 1755, by His Highness [[Marthanda Varma|Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma]], the then maharajah of the erstwhile Indian princely state of [[Travancore]]. The history/legend behind the construction of this temple is, the then ruler, His Highness Anizham Thirunal Marthandavarma was surrounded by his enemies, arguably the high-profile "[[Ettuveettil Pillamar]]" while he was near the place where the temple is now situated. The king was trying to hide himself in a safe place. At that time, a small boy was seen there and this boy advised the king to hide himself inside the hollow trunk of a huge jack fruit tree nearby. The king heeded to this advice and was saved from his enemies. Later, the king tried to ascertain the identity of the boy, but could not. The king then strongly believed that it was in fact Lord Krishna/Unnikrishna himself who saved his life and he decided to build a temple for Lord Krishna, as a gratitude, at the exact place where he hid inside the jack fruit tree and thus Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna temple came into existence. The huge jack fruit tree which helped the king save his life came to be known as "[[Ammachi Plavu]]" (Mother/Grandmother jack fruit tree, personifying one who protected the king). Until AD 1970–75, the offshoots of the original tree was present bearing a huge amount of jack fruits, but these offshoots had to be cut in order to preserve the actual hollow trunk where the king hid himself. At present, the hollow trunk is in a preserved state (by Archaeological Department) and is visible to all devotees who visit this temple.

{{unreferenced section|date=October 2021}}

==Temple complex==
Neyyattinkara Sreekrishna Temple, situated in a vast land with much greenery, is regarded as the [[Guruvayur]] of Thiruvananthapuram district. The temple is built in traditional Kerala architecture and is decorated with beautiful artistic sculptures. The main [[gopuram]] (gateway) of the temple displays a beautiful scene from [[Bhagavad Gita]] - Lord Krishna offering teaching to [[Arjuna]]. [[File:nta temple.jpg|thumb|300 px|Entrance Gopura of the temple]]

The sanctum sanctorum is built in the traditional Kerala style. Now the door to the Shri Kovil is painted with gold. There is a huge Gopuram in front of the Shri Kovil. Inside the main complex, there are the deities of [[Ganesha]], and [[Dharmashashtha]]. Outside the main complex, [[Nagaraja]] is worshipped. Currently, work has been going on to make a nadappanthal all around the main arena, so that pilgrims could avoid extremes of weather. This is done by advisory committee with the help of devotees of Unnikannan.

The walls of the Sanctum are painted with various pictures, depicting the life of Shree Krishna and various other Gods.

There is an elephant named "Neyyattinkara Kannan" in the temple.

==Customs and traditions==
Ashtami Rohini, [[Vishu]], [[Navarathri]], Mandalapooja are observed with great fervour in this temple. The main festival of the temple is its Annual Festival, which is during Meenam. It commences with the "Kodiyett", where the main priest of the temple will hoist a Sacred flag atop the gopura, signifying the commencement of the festival. It ends with an "Aaraatt", which falls on a Rohini star day in the [[Malayalam calendar|Malayalam]] month of Meenam, when the deity is taken out of the temple, and is dipped in water, in the nearby Graamam in the [[Neyyar River|Neyyar]] river. In the midst of the festival, jewels of Unnikkannan will be brought from another temple, where they are ceremoniously kept for safekeeping. The main pooja of that evening has much significance, where hundreds throng to get a glimpse of Unnikkannan, adoring all the divine jewels.

During Navarathri, three deities will rest at the temple, on their way to Shri [[Padmanabhaswamy Temple]] in [[Thiruvananthapuram]]. They are Shri Kumaraswami, from Kumarakoil temple; Shri Munnuutti Nanga; and Shri Sarawathi Devi. They will stay overnight at the Krishna Temple, and leave for Thiruvananthapuram next morning. There will be grand arrangements all along the way and at the temple for welcoming the deities.

==Deities in the temple==
The presiding deity is Krishna in the form of ''Balakrishna'' holding butter in both hands. West-facing idol is made of panchaloha. Legend says, the original idol was made of wood but Lord Krishna was not amused of this, and while that idol was being carried in a boat across the Neyyar, the boat got stuck and would not move. In order to keep the time frame intact, another idol was installed at the temple.
[[File:Neyyattinkara.jpg|thumb|The Golden Flagmast at the Temple]]
''Upadevathas'' or Sub-deities in the temple premises include [[Ganesha]], [[Shasta (deity)|Dharmasastha]] and [[Nagaraja]].

==Administration==
This is one of the major temples under the [[Travancore Devaswom Board]]. Every two years, an advisory committee (Kshetra Upadeshaka Samithi) comprising a President, Secretary and members is selected from among the neighborhood people. This committee undertakes the task of organizing the various festivals in this temple.

==See also==
* [[List of Hindu temples in Kerala]]
* [[Neyyattinkara]]
* [[Guruvayur Temple]]
* [[Udupi Sri Krishna Matha]]
* ''[[Marthandavarma (novel)|Marthandavarma]]'' (novel)

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swami Temple}}

[[Category:Hindu temples in Thiruvananthapuram district]]
[[Category:Krishna temples]]

Harishchandrapur

2025-08-11T04:04:11Z

Kristie5701: minor edit

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Harishchandrapur
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|25.4176|N|87.8665|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of West Bengal|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Malda district|Malda]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]<ref name="wblangoff">{{cite web|title=Fact and Figures|url=https://wb.gov.in/portal/web/guest/facts-and-figures;jsessionid=JzdD9RHb7aMY5esZPtcsIVLy|website=www.wb.gov.in|accessdate=15 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=52nd REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER FOR LINGUISTIC MINORITIES IN INDIA|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|website=nclm.nic.in|publisher=[[Ministry of Minority Affairs]]|accessdate=15 January 2019|page=85|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525141614/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM52ndReport.pdf|archivedate=25 May 2017}}</ref>
| demographics1_title2 = Additional official
| demographics1_info2 = [[English language|English]]<ref name="wblangoff"/>
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 732125
| area_code_type = [[Subscriber trunk dialing|STD]]/ Telephone code
| area_code = 03513
| blank1_name_sec1 = [[Lok Sabha]] constituency
| blank1_info_sec1 = [[Maldaha Uttar (Lok Sabha constituency)|Maldaha Uttar]]
| blank2_name_sec1 = [[Vidhan Sabha]] constituency
| blank2_info_sec1 = [[Harishchandrapur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Harishchandrapur]]
| website = {{URL|malda.nic.in/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Harishchandrapur''' is a village in the [[Harishchandrapur I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Chanchal subdivision]] of [[Malda district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=320| zoom=9
| coord={{coord|25|8|0|N|88|8|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Cities, towns and locations in the northern portion of Malda district (including Chanchal subdivision and Old Malda, Habibpur, Bamangola and Gazole CD blocks)''' M: municipal town, CT: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, F: Facility, H: historical centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly
|mark-coord1={{coord|25|23|34|N|87|59|44|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Chanchal | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[Chanchal]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|24|57|46|N|88|13|55|E}} | label-pos2=left|label2= Aiho| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[Aiho]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|24|56|40|N|88|14|52|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Baksinagar| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[Baksinagar]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|25|12|58|N|88|12|4|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Bandhail| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[Bandhail]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|25|0|2|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5= Chhatinamor| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[Chhatinamor]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|25|2|46|N|88|9|50|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6= Jhangra| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[Jhangra, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|25|0|10|N|88|16|12|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7= Kachu Pukur| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[Kachu Pukur]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|24|58|59|N|88|14|51|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8= Kendua| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[Kendua, West Bengal]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|25|12|36|N|88|10|35|E}} | label-pos9=left|label9= Rangabhita| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[Rangabhita]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|24|58|55|N|88|8|25|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10= Sahapur| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[Sahapur, Malda]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|25|1|15|N|88|8|35|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Malda| numbered11=M| mark-title11=[[Malda, West Bengal]] (M) | shape-color11= #800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|25|4|5|N|88|8|31|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Old Malda| numbered12=M| mark-title12=[[Old Malda]] (M) | shape-color12= #800000
|mark-coord13={{coord|24|57|55|N|88|15|40|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13= Bulbulchandi| numbered13=R| mark-title13= [[Bulbulchandi]] (R) |shape-color13=#C40000
|mark-coord14={{coord|25|1|36|N|88|17|9|E}} | label-pos14=top|label14= Habibpur| numbered14=R| mark-title14= [[Habibpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color14=#C40000
|mark-coord15={{coord|25|10|50|N|88|9|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Hatimari| numbered15=R| mark-title15= [[Hatimari]] (R) |shape-color15=#C40000
|mark-coord16={{coord|25|12|33|N|88|23|37|E}} | label-pos16=top|label16= Maheshpur| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Maheshpur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color16=#C40000
|mark-coord17={{coord|25|7|31|N|88|22|3|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Pakuahat| numbered17=R| mark-title17= [[Pakuahat]] (R) |shape-color17=#C40000
|mark-coord18={{coord|24|54|45|N|88|17|23|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Singhabad| numbered18=R| mark-title18= [[Singhabad]] (R) |shape-color18=#C40000
|mark-coord19={{coord|25|7|2|N|87|59|17|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Araidanga| numbered19=R| mark-title19= [[Araidanga]] (R) |shape-color19=#C40000
|mark-coord20={{coord|25|19|6|N|87|50|35|E}} | label-pos20=left|label20= Daulatnagar| numbered20=R| mark-title20= [[Daulatnagar]] (R) |shape-color20=#C40000
|mark-coord21={{coord|25|24|20|N|87|51|59|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Harishchandrapur| numbered21=R| mark-title21= Harishchandrapur (R) |shape-color21=black| label-size21=13|label-color21=black 
|mark-coord22={{coord|25|26|15|N|87|51|27|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Khanta| numbered22=R| mark-title22= [[Khanta]] (R) |shape-color22=#C40000
|mark-coord23={{coord|25|25|12|N|88|4|12|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23= Kharba| numbered23=R| mark-title23= [[Kharba]] (R) |shape-color23=#C40000
|mark-coord24={{coord|25|20|36|N|88|0|54|E}} | label-pos24=left|label24= Malatipur| numbered24=R| mark-title24= [[Malatipur, Malda]] (R) |shape-color24=#C40000
|mark-coord25={{coord|25|19|0|N|87|55|22|E}} | label-pos25=right|label25= Mashaldaha| numbered25=R| mark-title25= [[Mashaldaha]] (R) |shape-color25=#C40000
|mark-coord26={{coord|25|27|30|N|87|52|37|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26= Pipla Kasimpur| numbered26=R| mark-title26= [[Pipla Kasimpur]] (R) |shape-color26=#C40000
|mark-coord27={{coord|25|8|47|N|88|1|2|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27= Pukhuria| numbered27=R| mark-title27= [[Pukhuria]] (R) |shape-color27=#C40000
|mark-coord28={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|55|38|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28= Ratua| numbered28=R| mark-title28= [[Ratua]] (R) |shape-color28=#C40000
|mark-coord29={{coord|25|16|33|N|88|0|18|E}} | label-pos29=left|label29= Samsi| numbered29=R| mark-title29= [[Samsi, Malda]] (R) |shape-color29=#C40000
|mark-coord30={{coord|25|13|48|N|88|11|21|E}} | label-pos30=top|label30= Gazole| numbered30=R| mark-title30= [[Gazole Town]] (R) |shape-color30=#C40000
|mark-coord31={{coord|25|9|24|N|88|10|0|E}} | label-pos31=right|label31= Pandua | mark-title31= [[Pandua, Malda]] (H)| numbered31=H |shape-color31=#AA6666
|mark-coord32={{coord|25|2|52|N|88|25|13|E}} | label-pos32=top|label32= Jagjivanpur | mark-title32= [[Jagjivanpur]] (H)| numbered32=H |shape-color32=#AA6666
|mark-coord33={{coord|25|17|30|N|88|4|20|E}}|label33=Mahananda|labela33= River| label-color33 = #77A1CB| label-angle33=100| label-pos33=top| label-size33=10| mark-size33=0| mark-title33 =none
|mark-coord34={{coord|25|11|30|N|87|46|30|E}}|label34= Ganges River| label-color34 = #77A1CB| label-angle34=90| label-pos34=top| label-size34=10| mark-size34=0| mark-title34 =none
|mark-coord35={{coord|25|4|0|N|88|14|0|E}}|label35= Tangon River| label-color35 = #77A1CB| label-angle35=-60| label-pos35=top| label-size35=10| mark-size35=0| mark-title35 =none
|mark-coord36={{coord|25|18|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|label36= Punarbhaba |labela36= River| label-color36 = #77A1CB| label-angle36=-75| label-pos36=top| label-size36=10| mark-size36=0| mark-title36 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|25|6|0|N|88|29|0|E}}|arc-textA= BANGLADESH| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=70| arc-gapA=4.0| arc-radiusA=0.35
|arc-coordB={{coord|25|21|0|N|87|43|0|E}}|arc-textB= BIHAR| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-100| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.35
|arc-coordC={{coord|24|54|0|N|87|46|0|E}}|arc-textC= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorC=hard grey| arc-angleC=-130| arc-gapC=5.5| arc-radiusC=0.25}}

===Location===
Harishchandrapur is located at {{coord|25.4176|N|87.8665|E|}}.

===Area overview===
The area shown in the adjacent map covers two physiographic regions – the ''[[Barind Tract|Barind]]'' in the east and the ''tal'' in the west. The eastern part is comparatively high (up to 40 metres above mean sea level at places) and uneven. The soils of the eastern region are “hard salty clays of a reddish hue and the ground is baked hard as iron.” It lies to the east of the [[Mahananda River]]. The area lying to the west of the Mahananda River, the ''tal'', is a flat low land and “is strewn with innumerable marshes, [[Beel|bils]] and [[oxbow lake]]s.” The ''tal'' area is prone to flooding by local rivers.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 13-15: Physiography |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> The total area is overwhelmingly [[Rural area#India|rural]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref> There are two important historical/ archaeological sites in the area – [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] and [[Jagjivanpur]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 98: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | accessdate = 9 November 2018}}</ref>

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

==Civic administration==
===Police station===
Harishchandrapur police station under West Bengal police has jurisdiction over [[Harishchandrapur I]] CD block.<ref name=handbook2014>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Malda |work = Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.4b |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 9 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.policewb.gov.in/wbp/telephone/dist/mld.html | title = Malda District Police | work = Telephone Numbers | publisher = District Police | accessdate = 9 November 2018 | archive-date = 9 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181109085942/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/telephone/dist/mld.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>

===CD block HQ===
The headquarters of Harishchandrapur I CD block is at Harishchandrapur.<ref name=handbook2014/><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Maldah, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Maldah with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | accessdate = 9 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | title = BDO Offices under Malda District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | accessdate = 8 November 2018 | archive-date = 12 October 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181012074655/http://www.wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2102 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Dakshin Harishshandrapur had a total population of 5,635, of which 2,730 (51%) were males and 2,635 (49%) were females. Population in the age range 0–6 years was 941. The total number of literate persons in Dakshin Harishchandrapur was 1,891 (42.74% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 11 November 2018 }}</ref>

As per the [[2011 Census of India]], Uttar Harishshandrapur had a total population of 15,443, of which 7,853 (51%) were males and 7,590 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 1910. The total number of literates in Uttar Harishchandrapur was 8,830 (65.25% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census2011/>

==Transport==
===Road===
Harishchandrapur is on [[National Highway 31 (India)|National Highway 31]].<ref>Google maps</ref>

===Railway===
[[Harischandrapur railway station]] is situated on New Farakka–New Jalpaiguri line of the [[Katihar railway division]].

==Healthcare==
Harishchandrapur Rural Hospital at Harishchandrapur (with 65 beds) is the main medical facility in Harishchndrapur I CD block. There are [[Primary Health Centre (India)|primary health centres]] at Vingal (Bhingola PHC) (with 4 beds), Boroi (with 6 beds) and Khushida (with 10 beds).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | accessdate = 14 November 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Malda District}}

[[Category:Villages in Malda district]]

Majnu Ka Tilla

2025-08-05T04:33:47Z

Kristie5701: made a pg

[[File:Majnu ka tilla monastery.jpg|thumb|280x280px|Buddhist site in Samyeling Tibetan Colony or Majnu ka tilla]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Majnu-ka-tilla
| other_name = New Aruna Nagar Colony, Samyeling
| settlement_type = [[neighbourhoods of Delhi|Neighborhood of Delhi]]
| image_skyline = View from rooftop in Majnu-ka-tilla.jpg
| image_caption = View from rooftop in Majnu-ka-tilla
| image_flag =
| image_seal =
| image_map = Majnu-ka-tilla.png
| map_caption = Location of Majnu-ka-tilla in Delhi
| coordinates = {{coord|28.70137|77.22816|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Delhi]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[North Delhi]]
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 1960
| leader_party =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = <ref name=klieger/>
| population_total = 2,500
| population_as_of = 2000
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|Pincode(s)]]
| postal_code = <ref name=ud/>
| area_code_type =
| area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+91 11]]
| iso_code =
}}
[[File:New Aruna-Nagar Tibetan settlement, Delhi.jpg|thumb|280px|New Aruna-Nagar Tibetan settlement, Delhi]]
'''Majnu-ka-tilla''' ('''MKT''') is a colony in [[Delhi]], [[India]] that was established around 1950.{{#tag:ref|''[[Express India]]'' writes that it was founded in 1959,<ref name=express/> while ''[[The Times of India]]'' writes that it was founded in 1962.<ref name=evictionissue>{{cite news|last=Sharma|first=Nidhi|title=Majnu ka tilla eviction issue: Govt won't give up on 'Little Tibet'|url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=13443&t=1|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=5 August 2006|archive-date=4 October 2012|access-date=20 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121004092140/http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=13443&t=1|url-status=dead}}</ref>|group="note"}} Majnu-ka-tilla is officially called '''New Aruna Nagar Colony''',<ref>{{cite news|title=Get a taste of Tibet in Delhi|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1006393151.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315194012/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1006393151.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=15 March 2016|newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=19 March 2006}}</ref> '''Chungtown''',<ref name=express/> and '''Samyeling'''.<ref name=diary/> It is part of [[North Delhi district]] and is located at the bank of the [[Yamuna River]] (NH-1) near [[Inter State Bus Terminals|ISBT]] [[Kashmiri Gate (Delhi)|Kashmiri Gate]].

==History==

===15th-18th century: Sikh period ===
{{see also | Sikh attacks on Delhi }}

The historic name of the area literally means ''the hillock of Majnu'', after the ''tilla'' or [[mound]] where during the reign of [[Sikandar Lodhi]] (r. 1489–1517) on [[Delhi Sultanate]], a local Iranian [[Sufi]] mystic Abdulla, nicknamed [[Majnu]] (lost in love), met first [[Sikh Guru]], [[Guru Nanak Dev]] Ji on 20 July 1505. Majnu ferried people across the Yamuna river for free as a service to God, his devotion resulted in the guru Ji staying here till the end of July.<ref name=sikhm1/>

The sixth Sikh guru, [[Guru Hargobind|Guru Har Gobind]] (r. 1606-1644) also stayed here.<ref name=sikhm1/>

In 1783, Sikh military leader [[Baghel Singh|Baghel Singh Dhaliwal]] built the Majnu ka Tila [[Gurdwara|Gurudwara]] to commemorate the stay of Guru Nanak Dev.<ref name=sikhm1/>

Today it is one of oldest extant Sikh shrines in Delhi and the surrounding estate of donated by early 19th-century Sikh emperor, [[Ranjit Singh]].<ref name=sikhm1>{{cite news |title=A Gurdwara steeped in history |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/A-Gurdwara-steeped-in-history/articleshow/10552745.cms |work=The Times of India |date=25 Mar 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Majnu ka Tila and the romance of sepak takraw |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/majnu-ka-tila-and-the-romance-of-sepak-takraw/823358/0 |publisher= Indian Express|date= 28 Jul 2011}}</ref><ref name=ht13/>

===19th-20th century: British colonial period ===
{{see also | British raj}}

Majnu Ka Tilla area has three main residential settlements with total 3000–3500 homes, Aruna Nagar, New Aruna Nagar and Old Chandrawal village, which was built up in the early 1900s, when [[British Raj|British government]] settled labourers involved in the construction of the [[Secretariat Building, New Delhi|Central Secretariat]] buildings, during the construction of the [[New Delhi]]. The next round of settlement came post-independence in 1958-59 when Aruna Nagar was developed by the Land and Development wing of the [[Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs|Ministry of Urban Development]] as it disburses 925 plots of 40 sq. yard each, to people resettled here from various parts of North Delhi. The Tibetan refugee camp later named New Aruna Nagar developed after 1960.<ref name=ht13>{{Cite news| title =Happiness and discontentment| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/realestate/happiness-and-discontentment/story-qMvFwXD59srE8S5UGkkFRO.html|newspaper =Hindustan Times|date =19 March 2013|accessdate = 25 June 2013 }}</ref>

===1950 onwards: Tibetan refugee settlement===

Just as Aruna Nagar was developing, the [[1959 Tibetan uprising]] took place in March, most residents of Majnu-ka-tilla left [[Tibet]] in 1959–60, when the [[14th Dalai Lama|Dalai Lama]] too went into exile to [[Dharamshala]]. Soon, a small Tibetan refugee camp up across the road, on the [[Yamuna River|Yamuna]] riverbed.<ref name=klieger/><ref name=ht13/> The land was allotted by the Government of India to the refugees in 1960.<ref name=dda>{{cite web |title=Suggestion of Masterplan Review 2021 (RWA Letter)|url=http://dda.org.in/planning/suggestions/Dy.No.3855.MPR.DDA.pdf |date= |publisher=Delhi Development Authority (DDA) |accessdate=25 June 2013}}</ref> After the [[Sino-Indian War]] in 1962, many of the refugees who had previously settled temporarily near the Indo-Chinese border shifted here.<ref name=ht13/> Today, it is home to second generation of Tibet refugees and is also known as Samyeling, through colloquially as "Little-Tibet" or "Mini-Tibet".<ref name="timeso13">{{Cite news| title =Lull before Li storm in 'Little Tibet'|author=Jayashree Nandi|url =http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Lull-before-Li-storm-in-Little-Tibet/cwgarticleshow/20058064.cms|newspaper= The Times of India | date =15 May 2013 | accessdate = 25 June 2013 }}</ref><ref name=htimes11/>
[[File:Tempa Tsering 2013.jpg|thumbnail|[[Tempa Tsering]], Representative of [[14th Dalai Lama]] to New Delhi and member [[Tibetan Government in Exile]], speaking at a gathering, Majnu Ka Tilla, 2013|280x280px]]
The legal status of Majnu-ka-tilla has previously come into dispute. In 1995, residents were "given a formal assurance from the Centre" that they would be allowed to remain at the site until the international dispute over Tibet was settled.<ref name=evictionissue/> In June 2006, the colony was served a court-issued notice indicating that it would be demolished in connection with the Delhi government's road expansion and [[Yamuna River]] beautification plan.<ref>{{cite news|title=Majnu-ka-tilla finally gets court notice on demolition|url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=12899&t=0|date=15 June 2006|newspaper=[[Phayul]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Dickyi|first=Tenzin|title=Can we still save Majnu-ka-tilla?|url=http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=13796&t=1|newspaper=[[Phayul]]|date=8 September 2006}}</ref> At least two buildings were demolished in connection with this order.<ref name=diary/> As of 2012, however, a court order had avoided eviction, regularising the status of the colony.<ref>{{cite web|title=Delhi court order brings relief to Tibetans|url=http://tibet.net/2012/09/17/delhi-court-order-brings-relief-to-tibetans-in-majnu-ka-tilla/|publisher=[[Central Tibetan Administration]]|accessdate=20 November 2012|date=17 September 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Delhi Tibetan colony to be regularized|url=http://www.voatibetanenglish.com/content/article/1497309.html|accessdate=20 November 2012|newspaper=[[Voice of America]] Tibetan|date=26 August 2012}}</ref> In March 2013, [[Government of Delhi]] included New Aruna Nagar (Tibetan refugee camp) in its list of 895 "to-be-regularised colonies".<ref name=ht13/>

The refugee colony experienced widespread flooding in 2010 rainy season, as a result many of the residents took reinforcement measure in their buildings.<ref name="tm">{{Cite news | title = 3 yrs on, flood in mini Tibet | url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-20/delhi/40093203_1_river-water-water-level-yamuna | archive-date = 4 October 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131004005001/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-20/delhi/40093203_1_river-water-water-level-yamuna | date =20 Jun 2013 | url-status = dead | work = [[The Times of India]] | accessdate = 26 June 2013 }}</ref> On 20 June 2013, during the [[2013 North India floods|North India floods]], the Yamuna river breached its banks and inundated numerous houses in the low-lying area. They remained partially submerged for several days, and people shifted to upper floors or to relief camps. The floods also lead to power outages and water shortages, raising concerns of health hazards.<ref name="toi13">{{Cite news|title = Water recedes, disease threat looms| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/delhi/40118748_1_relief-camps-drinking-water-geeta-colony-bridge | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130625044724/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-21/delhi/40118748_1_relief-camps-drinking-water-geeta-colony-bridge | url-status = dead | archive-date = 25 June 2013 | date =21 Jun 2013 |newspaper = [[The Times of India]]| accessdate = 26 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title =Delhi: Yamuna continues to flow over danger mark| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Delhi-Yamuna-continues-to-flow-over-danger-mark/Article1-1079354.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130620133831/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NorthIndiaRainFury2013/Delhi-Yamuna-continues-to-flow-over-danger-mark/Article1-1079354.aspx | url-status = dead | archive-date = 20 June 2013 | publisher = Hindustan Times | date =20 June 2013 | accessdate = 26 June 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | title = Health hazards loom large | url = http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1852307/report-health-hazards-loom-large |newspaper = DNA India | date = 24 Jun 2013 | accessdate = 26 June 2013 }}</ref>

==Economy==
The economy of Majnu-ka-tilla centres around hotels, guest-houses and restaurants.<ref name=diary>{{cite web|last=Samphel|first=Thubten|title=Dharamshala diary: Majnu Ka Tilla re-visited|url=http://tibet.net/2006/09/dharamshala-diary/|newspaper=[[TibetNet]]|date=13 September 2006|publisher=[[Central Tibetan Administration]]|accessdate=20 November 2012|archive-date=27 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027231622/http://tibet.net/2006/09/dharamshala-diary/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Another important aspect of the economy is home rentals as a large population is cramped in closely built houses, several floors high and approachable through narrow bylanes.<ref name=ht13/> In addition, there is a market of retail stalls, including bookshops, curio shops, metalsmiths, and a beauty parlor; internet cafes, and travel agencies.<ref name=express/><ref name=diary/> The neighborhood is extremely popular among foreign and domestic tourists. The location is close to popular universities of Delhi like Delhi University and Ambedkar University. Thus students comprises a large tourists demography of this area.<ref name=express>{{cite news|last=Yambem|first=Miranda|title=Footloose in Little Lhasa|url=http://www.phayul.com/mobile/?page=view&c=1&id=8721|accessdate=4 January 2005|newspaper=[[Indian Express]]|author2=Amrita Tripathi|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223529/http://www.phayul.com/mobile/?page=view&c=1&id=8721|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Culture ==
Majnu-ta-killa houses a monastery and Buddhist temple, preaching the Tibetan-Buddhism. The Saka Dewa, Losar, Birthday of Dalai Lama are most famous festivities celebrated here.<ref name=ht13/><ref name=htimes11>{{Cite news | title = Delhi's mini Tibet: Majnu Ka Tilla|author=Isha Gupta| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Delhi-s-mini-Tibet-Majnu-Ka-Tilla/Article1-710913.aspx | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121128090719/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/Entertainment/Delhi-s-mini-Tibet-Majnu-Ka-Tilla/Article1-710913.aspx | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 November 2012 |newspaper=Hindustan Times| date =18 June 2011| accessdate = 25 June 2013 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
The colony had approximately 2,500 residents in 378 family groups as of 2000.<ref name=klieger>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Klieger|first= Paul Christiaan|editor= Paul Christiaan Klieger|encyclopedia= Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the IATS, 2000 - Tibet, Self, and the Tibetan Diaspora: Voices of Difference|title=Engendering Tibet: Power, Self, and Change in the Diaspora |year= 2002|publisher= [[Brill Publishers]]|isbn= 978-90-04-12555-1|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gdGubgTGIDcC&pg=PA142 142–145, 149]}}</ref> Residents have strong ethnic identification: in one survey of young adult recent arrivals from Tibet and young adult children of Tibetan refugees in Majnu-ka-tilla, all identified as 100% Tibetan, nearly all wanted to marry Tibetans, and around 60% said that 80% or more of their friends were Tibetan.<ref name=klieger/>

Most importantly this place is famous for free education, career counselling and social welfare by Mr. Purushottam Dass who is a social activist and well wisher of Human Development.

==Administration==
Administratively, it falls under the [[Civil Lines, Delhi|Civil Lines]] subdivision of the [[North Delhi district]] of NCT Delhi.<ref name=ud>{{cite web |title=List of applicant unauthorized colonies: Sl. no.106, rgn no. 111 |url=http://ud.delhigovt.nic.in/1639%20UC%20LIST.pdf |date= |publisher=Govt. Of NCT. Of Delhi, Urban Development Department |accessdate=25 June 2013 |archive-date=31 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031122157/http://ud.delhigovt.nic.in/1639%20UC%20LIST.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Transport==
The area lies on a stretch of the [[National Highway 1 (India)|National Highway 1]], which is part of the historic [[Grand Trunk Road]] and the [[Outer Ring Road, Delhi|Outer Ring Road]] of Delhi. It is at a walkable distance from ISBT Kashmere Gate.
It is approachable through the [[Kashmere Gate (Delhi Metro)|Kashmeri Gate]] station of the [[Delhi Metro]], lies on the [[Red Line (Delhi Metro)|Red]] ([[New Bus Adda]]-[[Rithala (Delhi Assembly constituency)|Rithala]]), [[Violet Line (Delhi Metro)|Violet]] ([[Escorts Mujesar metro station|Escorts Mujesar]] - Kashmere Gate) and [[Yellow Line (Delhi Metro)|Yellow Lines]] ([[Samaypur Badli metro station|Samaypur Badli]] - [[HUDA City Centre metro station|HUDA City Centre]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/delhi/delhi-metro-yellow-line-map.html | title=Delhi Metro Yellow Line Map | publisher=Maps of India | accessdate=30 May 2018 }}</ref> It is a [[Interchange station|transfer station]] between the Red Line on the highest upper level and the Yellow Line on the lowest level.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |title=Station Information |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100619035828/http://delhimetrorail.com/commuters/station_information.html |archivedate=2010-06-19 }}</ref> The [[Vidhan Sabha metro station]] is 1.5 km away.<ref name=ht13/>

==Notes==
<references group="note" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://delhi.gov.in/DoIT/DOIT/DOIT_UDD/Images/111.JPG Map of Majnu Ka Tila] Government of Delhi

[[Category:Neighbourhoods in Delhi]]
[[Category:Tibetan diaspora in India]]
[[Category:Refugees in India]]
[[Category:North Delhi district]]