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Draft:Night attack at Pune

2024-05-14T16:54:48Z

Krishnanigga:

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{Infobox Military Conflict
| conflict = Night attack on Shaista Khan
| place = [[Lal Mahal]], [[Pune]]
| combatant1 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|25px]] [[Mughal Empire]]
| combatant2 = [[Image:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|25px]] [[Maratha Empire]]
| result = [[Maratha Empire|Maratha]] victory
| commander1 = [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|22px]][[Shaista Khan]]{{WIA}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref> [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|22px]] Abul Fath{{KIA}}<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref> [[File:Flag of the Mughal Empire.png|22px]] [[Jaswant Singh of Marwar|Jaswant Singh]] (Refrained)
| commander2 = [[Image:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|22px]] [[Shivaji]]
| casualties1 = 40 to 50 dead<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>
| casualties2 = 6 dead 40 wounded<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>
| strength1 = 10,000 Cavalry under [[Jaswant Singh of Marwar|Jaswant Singh]] (Refrained)<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>
| strength2 = 400<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA209 |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |pages=209 |language=en}}</ref>
| date = April,1663
| image = Shaistekhan Surprised.jpg
| image_size = 300px
| caption = [[Shaista Khan]] attacked by [[Shivaji]].
}}

The '''Raid on Shaista Khan''', orchestrated by the Maratha leader [[Shivaji]] and his forces during the night of 5/6 April 1663, targeted the headquarters of [[Shaista Khan]], who was occupying Shivaji's palace, [[Lal Mahal]], in [[Pune]]. Despite stringent security measures implemented by Shaista Khan, including restricting access to the town and prohibiting Marathas from joining his service as horsemen, [[Shivaji]] led a daring operation with a select force of 400 soldiers. They infiltrated the town under the cover of darkness, strategically dismounting near the Mula river and breaching the small door of the palace's kitchen to gain entry.

In the ensuing confrontation, [[Shaista Khan]] lost some of his fingers while defending himself, and casualties included his eldest son, son-in-law, and several men and women from his entourage. [[Shivaji|Shivaji's]] forces suffered six fatalities and 40 wounded during the raid. After the assault, [[Shivaji|Shivaji's]] party swiftly departed the palace through a wicket gate in the backyard, regrouping with a cavalry detachment left across the river before heading towards safety at [[Sinhagad|Sinhgad]].

== Background ==
The Raid on [[Shaista Khan]] was an operation conducted by Shivaji and his forces on the night of 5/6 April 1663, targeting the headquarters of [[Shaista Khan]], who was occupying Shivaji's palace, [[Lal Mahal]], in [[Pune]]. [[Shaista Khan]], a prominent Mughal official, had taken hard security measures to safeguard his position, including restricting access to the town and prohibiting Marathas from entering his service as horsemen.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Jasper |first=Daniel |title=Region, Culture, and Politics in India |publisher=Manohar |year=2006 |isbn=978-81-7304-664-3 |editor1-last=Vora |editor1-first=Rajendra |page=239 |chapter=Celebrating a Region through Historical Commemoration |editor2-last=Feldhaus |editor2-first=Anne}}</ref>[[File:Sháyista Khán (cropped).jpg|thumb|Portrait of Shaista Khan.]]Despite these precautions, Shivaji led a select force of 400 personally, arriving in Pune on horseback with the aim of infiltrating the town under the cover of darkness. They strategically dismounted near the Mula river, leaving their horses with a cavalry detachment led by Sarjerao Jedhe, before stealthily entering the town. The exact method of infiltration remains uncertain, but a hypothetical account provided by [[Khafi Khan]] suggests that [[Maratha Army|Maratha infantry]] soldiers posing as part of a wedding party and as captors of Maratha prisoners managed to bypass security checkpoints. Once inside the town, the groups rendezvoused and armed themselves for the raid.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Richards |first=John F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHyVh29gy4QC&pg=PA209 |title=The Mughal Empire |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-56603-2 |pages=209 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sardesai |first=Govind Sakharam |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56777 |title=New History Of The Marathas Vol.1 |date=1946 |pages=149–151}}</ref>
{{Quote|text=From place to place in the camp of the Mughal army the Rajah was asked: ‘Whose men are you? Who are you? Where had you been?’ Babaji Bapuji and Chimnaji Bapuji who were at the head of the party kept replying: ‘We belong to the army. We had been on outpost duties.|author=Sabhasad|source=<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>}}

== Raid ==

The kitchen of the palace had a small door, which had been closed up with bricks and mud. [[Shivaji]] and his soldiers breached this door to gain entry. It was the month of [[Ramadan|Ramazan]], and some cooks had awoken to prepare the pre-dawn meal. They were quickly dispatched. However, hearing the commotion, some maid servants rushed to alert [[Shaista Khan]], who was in his bedchamber. In the ensuing scuffle, [[Shaista Khan]] lost some of his fingers and narrowly escaped with his life.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Truschke |first=Audrey |title=Aurungzeb The man and the myth |publisher=Penguin Books |year=2017 |isbn=978-0-143-44271-4}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=KINCAID |first=DENNIS |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.13490 |title=THE HISTORY OF SHIVAJI THE GRAND REBEL |date=1955 |publisher=KARAN PUBLICATION, DELHI |pages=149–159}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vqYiBAAAQBAJ&dq=Shivaji+Umberkhind&pg=PA127 |title=Maratha Generals and Personalities: A gist of great personalities of Marathas |date=2014-08-01 |publisher=Pratik gupta |pages=127 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Kulkarni V. B. |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.209617 |title=Shivaji The Portrait Of A Patriot |date=1963 |pages=79 to 81}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Jaques |first=Tony |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dh6jydKXikoC |title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century [3 Volumes] |date=2006-11-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-313-33536-5 |pages=809 |language=en}}</ref> His eldest son Abul Fath,<ref name=":0" /> his son-in-law, along with approximately 40 to 50 men and several women, were killed. Additionally, two other sons of Shaista Khan and several women were wounded. In contrast, [[Shivaji|Shivaji's]] forces had six fatalities and 40 wounded.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/mughulempire00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 07, The Mughul Empire |date=1974 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=259–260}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

After the raid, Shivaji's party exited the palace through a wicket gate in the backyard, reuniting with the cavalry detachment left across the river. They proceeded towards Karyat Maval, gathering other cavalry detachments along the way, and safely reached [[Sinhagad|Sinhgad]] the following day.<ref name=":7" /> It was rumored that [[Jaswant Singh of Marwar|Jaswant Singh]], who was encamped near Pune with his 10,000 contingent, had aided in the raid.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> Following the daring attempt on his life, [[Shaista Khan]], frightened and humiliated, relinquished command of the army to Jaswant Singh and retreated to Aurangabad. Subsequently, in May 1663, he was dismissed from his position as subadar of the Deccan and replaced by [[Bahadur Shah I|Prince Muhammad Muazzam]] under the guardianship of Wazir Khan.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

The raid done by [[Shivaji]] on [[Shaista Khan|Shaista Khan's]] headquarters reverberated throughout India, significantly enhancing Shivaji's prestige and fame. The Emperor Aurangzeb received news of the raid while en route from Lahore to Kashmir in April 1663. Unfortunately, the Alamgir Nama, the official history of Aurangzeb’s reign, briefly mentions the incident between the entries for May 1st and May 5th, 1663.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" />

{{Quote|text=Amir-ul Umara [Shaista Khan], Raja [[Jaswant Singh]] and others had been appointed to extirpate the accursed Shivaji. Now he, with audacity and malignity, made a night attack on the Amir-ul Umara’s camp. As this incident occurred due to the negligence of that grandee, it became the cause of the Emperor’s displeasure and he decided to dismiss Amir-ul Umara from the subadari of the Deccan.|source=Alamgir Nama<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>}}
Philip Giffard's letter dated April 12, 1663, sent from Rajapur to [[Surat]], provides one of the most concise and contemporary descriptions of this event.

{{Quote|text=Raoji Pandit is returned. Presently upon his arrival he desired me to write to your Worship to send somebody to make an end of the business; he declared a great desire thereto. Yesterday arrived a letter from the Raja [[Shivaji]] written himself to Raoji, giving him an account how that he himself with 400 choice men went to Shaista Khan’s camp. There, upon some pretence (which he did not insert in his letter) he got into his tent to Salam,1551 and presently slew all the watch, killed Shaista Khan’s eldest son, his son in law, 12 of his chief women, 40 great persons attending him, their General [[Shaista Khan]], wounded [[Shaista Khan]] with his own hand (and he thought to death, but since hears he lives), wounded 6 more of his wives, 2 more of his sons, and after all this he returns, losing but 6 men and 40 wounded, 10,000 horse under Raja Jaswant Singh standing still and never offered to pursue him, so it is generally believed it was done with his consent though Shivaji tells his men his Shivaji’s permisera bid him do it. This is all at present.”|author=Philip Giffard’s letter|source=<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>}}

== Aftermath ==
In early December 1663, the [[Aurangzeb|Emperor]], who was in [[Punjab]] at the time, instructed [[Shaista Khan]] to assume the role of subadar of [[Bengal]] and to proceed there directly without visiting the imperial court.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chandra, Satish. |title=History of medieval India : 800-1700 |date=2007 |publisher=Orient Longman |isbn=978-81-250-3226-7 |location=Hyderabad, India |oclc=191849214}}</ref><ref name=":5" />

=== Shivaji’s Letter to Aurangzeb’s Officers ===

The Persian letter attributed to Shivaji, found in the Persian letter books Durj-ul Gawahir and Khutut-i Shivaji, is believed to have been drafted by Nil Prabhu Munshi. Addressed to Emperor Alamgir's officers, it expresses Shivaji's defiance against the Mughal Empire's attempts to conquer his territory.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

{{Quote|text=Let it not be concealed from the minds of prudent and thoughtful men that for a period of three years powerful and renowned noblemen of the Mughal Emperor are coming to these parts. The Emperor orders them to conquer my country and forts. They write in reply that these will be conquered soon. They do not know that it is hopeless to gallop the steed of infinite imagination in this intractable land and to conquer it is difficult. It is surprising that they do not expect at all the fruit of shame by writing such falsehoods and cast away truthfulness which is the cause of salvation.My homeland, unlike the forts of Kalyani and Bidar is not situated in wide plains where trenches might be run to launch an assault. It has lofty hill ranges 200 leagues long and 40 leagues broad; everywhere there are streams difficult to cross. Sixty strong forts have been built and some are situated on the sea coast also. Afzal Khan, an officer of the Adalat Panah i.e. the Adilshah, came with a large army to Jawali and perished hopelessly. Why don’t you report to the Emperor truthfully what has occurred so that the same fate may not befall you? After the late Khan, the Amir-ul Umara [i.e. [[Shaista Khan]], who was appointed to campaign in these sky touching mountains and abysmal valleys, laboured hard for three years and submitted reports that I was completely defeated and my country would be conquered in a few days. At last in consequence of these falsehoods he encountered such calamity and went away in such disgrace, that it is clearer than the sun.

Verse: It is not everywhere that the charger can gallop; there are places where one has to throw away the shield i.e., run away. Attributed to Shaikh Saadi. It is my duty to guard my land. Although to save their reputation they have written to the Emperor the opposite of the true state of affairs, yet, by the grace of sublime god, the rose bud of desire of no invader of the beloved country of this recluse has blossomed forth.
Verse: The wise should beware of this river of blood, from which no man has ever carried out his boat to safety|author=Written i.e. drafted by Nil Prabhu Munshi.1558 From Maharaja Shivaji to Emperor Alamgir|source=<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&pg=PA71 |title=The Marathas 1600-1818 |date=2007-02-01 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-03316-9 |pages=71 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Gajanan Bhaskar Mehendale |url=http://archive.org/details/shivaji-his-life-and-times-1nbsped-9380875177_compress |title=Shivaji His Life and Times |date=2011 |pages=491–497}}</ref>}}

Despite ongoing Mughal pressure, [[Shivaji]] launched an [[Battle of Surat|attack on Surat]] shortly after the night raid on [[Shaista Khan]]. The sack of [[Surat]], while less violent than many, was cut short when news of an approaching Mughal army reached the city, prompting Shivaji to flee with valuable loot. These twin events, the defeat of Shaista Khan and the [[sack of Surat]], elevated Shivaji from a minor regional nuisance to a significant threat to the Mughal Empire.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Gordon |first=Stewart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C&pg=PA71 |title=The Marathas 1600-1818 |date=2007-02-01 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-03316-9 |pages=70–71 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":8" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Draft categories|
[[Category:Battles involving the Mughal Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Maratha Empire]]
[[Category:Mughal Empire]]

}}

{{AfC submission|||ts=20240514222448|u=Krishnanigga|ns=118}}

Draft:Night attack at Pune

2024-05-14T16:38:44Z

Krishnanigga: Creation

Bahamani-Vijayanagra War (1417-1419)

2024-05-14T16:11:11Z

Krishnanigga:

{{AFC submission/draft}}

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bahamani-Vijayanagra War (1417-1419)
| place = [[Telangana]],[[Karnatka]],[[Maharashtra]]
| date = 1417-1419
| result = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] Victory<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Deccan, Bahmani, Consolidation {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Bahmani-consolidation-of-the-Deccan |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Bahamani Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Vijayanagara Empire]] [[Recherla Nayakas]]
| commander1 = [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firoz Shah Bahmani]]
| commander2 = [[Deva Raya I]]
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| territory = The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] annexed territory stretching from the [[Krishna River]] to the [[Tungabhadra River]] doab, which included the capture of the Pangal fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref>
| casualties3 = During the war, Vijayanagara forces massacred Muslims on the battlefield and displayed their heads across the field.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The '''Bahmani–Vijayanagar War''' began with the Siege of Pangal, where [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Firuz Shah]] of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] attempted to capture the fort. However, the Bahmani forces faced setbacks, including a disease outbreak among their ranks, leading to the failure of the siege. In response, [[Deva Raya I]] of the Vijayanagara Empire launched a successful counteroffensive, defeating Sultan Firuz Shah in a decisive battle. This victory dealt a significant blow to the Bahmani Sultanate, ultimately leading to Firuz Shah's demise and further weakening of his empire.

Following the victory, Deva Raya I expanded his territorial control, extending [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara's]] domain up to the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] river doab region. This expansion included the capture of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which had been a focal point of the conflict. The successful outcome of the war significantly bolstered the power and influence of the Vijayanagara Empire in the region. Additionally, the aftermath of the war saw a brutal massacre of Muslim soldiers, with their severed heads displayed on the battlefield as a grim reminder of Vijayanagara's triumph.

== Background ==

=== Siege of Pangal ===
[[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] initiated a siege on the fort of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which was under the control of the [[Recherla Nayakas]]. However, the siege lasted for two years, during which a disease outbreak within the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] camp weakened the Sultan's forces, leading to his failure to capture the fort and subsequent heavy losses.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=M. H. Rāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fw5DAAAAYAAJ&q=seventh+bahamani+war |title=The History of the Vijayanagar Empire: Beginnings and expansion, 1308-1569 |date=1978 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |pages=50–51 |language=en}}</ref> Taking advantage of this vulnerable situation, the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] sought revenge for previous humiliations suffered during the previous war, pursuing and defeating [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]]. Reports suggest that treachery within the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] camp contributed significantly to this defeat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989 |title=Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2 |date=1925 |pages=393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Viswanath Iyyer P.s |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71664 |title=Relives Of Vijayanagar Glory Or Relics Of The Picturess |date=1949 |pages=48}}</ref>

== War ==
The two-year siege was impregnable, causing great distress to the besiegers due to famine and disease. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya]], bolstered by fresh forces and Hindu chiefs like the Velamas, encircled the besieging army. As the Muslim army weakened and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] reinforcements arrived, the garrison sallied from the fort, attacking the enemy camp.<ref name=":2" /> Caught between two Hindu forces, the Bahmani army was routed, and the [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan]] fled. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya I]] exploited this victory to regain control over the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] region.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref>

The result of [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz's]] defeat was dire, as [[Deva Raya I|Deva Raya]], the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]], retaliated by orchestrating a general massacre of Muslims, using their heads to create a gruesome platform on the battlefield.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> His forces pursued the Sultan's retreating army into their own territory, inflicting further devastation by razing mosques, holy sites, and mercilessly slaughtering civilians. Even regions as far as [[Konkan]], including Chowl and [[Dabhol]], fell victim to the Hindu army's aggression.<ref name=":3" /> In a state of desperation, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] sought assistance from the [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]], only to find the newly ascended monarch unable to provide aid.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=51}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
The series of reverses suffered by [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firuz Shah]] ultimately led to his demise. Mirat-i-Sikandari records that Sultan Feroz had led an army against the infidels of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijanagar]] and was defeated in battle. Fortunately for him, [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]], bound by a friendly alliance, dispatched a substantial army to his aid. However, upon reaching the fort of Thallir, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] had already passed away, and his brother, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Bahamani]], had ascended to power. In acknowledgment of the support received, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Wali]] sent valuable gifts to [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]] and returned his army.<ref name=":0"/>[[Deva Raya I]] came to control territory up to the [[Krishna river]] - [[Tungabhadra river]] doab including Pangal.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |title=History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D |date=2002 |publisher=Atlantic |isbn=978-81-269-0123-4 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> However, all the lands captured by Deva Raya was lost to Ahmad Shah during the [[Siege of Vijayanagar]] in 1423.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94qOZORGURcC& |title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans, edited by W. Haig |date=1928 |publisher=University Press |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Battles involving the Vijayanagara Empire]]
[[Category:Battles involving the Bahmani Sultanate]]
[[Category:Bahmani Sultanate]]
[[Category:Vijayanagara Empire]]

{{AfC submission|||ts=20240514214111|u=Krishnanigga|ns=118}}

Bahamani-Vijayanagra War (1417-1419)

2024-05-14T16:10:42Z

Krishnanigga: Creation

User:Krishnanigga/sandbox

2024-05-14T16:05:10Z

Krishnanigga: Creation

{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Bahamani-Vijayanagra War (1417-1419)
| place = [[Telangana]],[[Karnatka]],[[Maharashtra]]
| date = 1417-1419
| result = [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] Victory<ref>{{Cite web |title=India - Deccan, Bahmani, Consolidation {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Bahmani-consolidation-of-the-Deccan |access-date=2024-03-07 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>
| combatant1 = [[Bahamani Sultanate]]
| combatant2 = [[Vijayanagara Empire]] [[Recherla Nayakas]]
| commander1 = [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firoz Shah Bahmani]]
| commander2 = [[Deva Raya I]]
| casualties1 =
| casualties2 =
| notes =
| territory = The [[Vijayanagara Empire]] annexed territory stretching from the [[Krishna River]] to the [[Tungabhadra River]] doab, which included the capture of the Pangal fort.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref>
| casualties3 = During the war, Vijayanagara forces massacred Muslims on the battlefield and displayed their heads across the field.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

The '''Bahmani–Vijayanagar War''' began with the Siege of Pangal, where [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Firuz Shah]] of the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] attempted to capture the fort. However, the Bahmani forces faced setbacks, including a disease outbreak among their ranks, leading to the failure of the siege. In response, [[Deva Raya I]] of the Vijayanagara Empire launched a successful counteroffensive, defeating Sultan Firuz Shah in a decisive battle. This victory dealt a significant blow to the Bahmani Sultanate, ultimately leading to Firuz Shah's demise and further weakening of his empire.

Following the victory, Deva Raya I expanded his territorial control, extending [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara's]] domain up to the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] river doab region. This expansion included the capture of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which had been a focal point of the conflict. The successful outcome of the war significantly bolstered the power and influence of the Vijayanagara Empire in the region. Additionally, the aftermath of the war saw a brutal massacre of Muslim soldiers, with their severed heads displayed on the battlefield as a grim reminder of Vijayanagara's triumph.
==Background==
===Siege of Pangal===
[[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah]] initiated a siege on the fort of [[Pangala|Pangal]], which was under the control of the [[Recherla Nayakas]]. However, the siege lasted for two years, during which a disease outbreak within the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] camp weakened the Sultan's forces, leading to his failure to capture the fort and subsequent heavy losses.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sharma |first=M. H. Rāma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fw5DAAAAYAAJ&q=seventh+bahamani+war |title=The History of the Vijayanagar Empire: Beginnings and expansion, 1308-1569 |date=1978 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |pages=50–51 |language=en}}</ref> Taking advantage of this vulnerable situation, the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]] sought revenge for previous humiliations suffered during the previous war, pursuing and defeating [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]]. Reports suggest that treachery within the [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahamani]] camp contributed significantly to this defeat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=50}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Haig |first=Wolseley |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46989 |title=Cambridge History Of India Vol. 2 |date=1925 |pages=393}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Viswanath Iyyer P.s |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.71664 |title=Relives Of Vijayanagar Glory Or Relics Of The Picturess |date=1949 |pages=48}}</ref>
==War==
The two-year siege was impregnable, causing great distress to the besiegers due to famine and disease. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya]], bolstered by fresh forces and Hindu chiefs like the Velamas, encircled the besieging army. As the Muslim army weakened and [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagara]] reinforcements arrived, the garrison sallied from the fort, attacking the enemy camp.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Majumdar |first=R. C. |url=http://archive.org/details/delhisultanate00bhar |title=History and Culture of the Indian People, Volume 06,The Delhi Sultanate |date=1967 |publisher=Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan |others=Public Resource |pages=287}}</ref> Caught between two Hindu forces, the Bahmani army was routed, and the [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan]] fled. [[Deva Raya I|Devaraya I]] exploited this victory to regain control over the [[Krishna River|Krishna]]-[[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] region.<ref name=":2" />

The result of [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz's]] defeat was dire, as [[Deva Raya I|Deva Raya]], the king of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijayanagar]], retaliated by orchestrating a general massacre of Muslims, using their heads to create a gruesome platform on the battlefield.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Chandra |first=Satish |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L5eFzeyjBTQC |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One |date=2004 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1064-5 |pages=180 |language=en}}</ref> His forces pursued the Sultan's retreating army into their own territory, inflicting further devastation by razing mosques, holy sites, and mercilessly slaughtering civilians. Even regions as far as [[Konkan]], including Chowl and [[Dabhol]], fell victim to the Hindu army's aggression.<ref name=":3" /> In a state of desperation, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] sought assistance from the [[Gujarat Sultanate|Sultan of Gujarat]], only to find the newly ascended monarch unable to provide aid.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=GOPAL |first=M. H. |url=http://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12385 |title=THE HISTORY OF VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE VOL.1 |date=1956 |publisher=POPULAR PRAKASHAN,BOMBAY |pages=51}}</ref>
==Aftermath==
The series of reverses suffered by [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Firuz Shah]] ultimately led to his demise. Mirat-i-Sikandari records that Sultan Feroz had led an army against the infidels of [[Vijayanagara Empire|Vijanagar]] and was defeated in battle. Fortunately for him, [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]], bound by a friendly alliance, dispatched a substantial army to his aid. However, upon reaching the fort of Thallir, [[Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah|Sultan Feroz]] had already passed away, and his brother, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Bahamani]], had ascended to power. In acknowledgment of the support received, [[Ahmad Shah I Wali|Sultan Ahmad Shah Wali]] sent valuable gifts to [[Ahmad Shah I|Sultan Ahmad of Gujarat]] and returned his army.<ref name=":0" />[[Deva Raya I]] came to control territory up to the [[Krishna river]] - [[Tungabhadra river]] doab including Pangal.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chaurasia |first=Radhey Shyam |title=History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D |date=2002 |publisher=Atlantic |isbn=978-81-269-0123-4 |location=New Delhi}}</ref> However, all the lands captured by Deva Raya was lost to Ahmad Shah during the [[Siege of Vijayanagar]] in 1423.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=94qOZORGURcC& |title=The Cambridge History of India: Turks and Afghans, edited by W. Haig |date=1928 |publisher=University Press |language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}

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