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Rohit Suchanti

2026-05-08T11:43:31Z

KobyQ0272234: started a article

{{short description|Indian television actor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2017}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Rohit Suchanti
| image =
| image_size = 250
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth_date and age|1996|4|6|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Mumbai]], [[Maharashtra]], India
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| occupation = {{ubl|Actor}}
| known_for = {{Plainlist |
* ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''
* ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]]''
}}
| yearsactive = 2011, 2015–present
}}
'''Rohit Suchanti''' is an Indian actor who mainly works in Hindi television. He is best known for his role as Rishi Oberoi in ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= 11 November 2019|title=Rohit Suchanti: Good looks matter the most on TV |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-suchanti-good-looks-matter-the-most-on-tv/articleshow/72006001.cms |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=The Times of India}}</ref> and for his participation in the reality show ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/rishta-likhenge-hum-naya-actor-rohit-suchanti-good-for-me-that-pehredaar-went-off-air/story-odIReoFfsveKKxV2seg2EI.html |title=Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya actor Rohit Suchanti: Good for me that Pehredaar went off air|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=23 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/bigg-boss-12-wild-card-contestant-rohit-suchanti-5411577/|title= Meet Bigg Boss 12 wild card contestant Rohit Suchanti |work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=23 October 2018}}</ref>
He gained fame for his lead role as Rishi Oberoi in [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]'' on [[Zee TV]].<ref name=":4" />

==Career==
Rohit Suchanti made his debut in television by acting in several episodic roles, he played the role of Dhruv in ''Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya 4'' on 2014. In 2015, he got role of Rohit Agrawal in ''Warrior High'' and Vikram in ''Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya 5''. He played the role of Abhay in ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya]]'' in 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-21 |title=Shaleen Malhotra and Rohit Suchanti get nostalgic before the upcoming season of Zing's Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya |url=https://www.apnnews.com/shaleen-malhotra-and-rohit-suchanti-get-nostalgic-before-the-upcoming-season-of-zings-pyaar-tune-kya-kiya/ |access-date=2024-10-11 |website=APN News |language=en-US}}</ref>

In early 2017, he played Ramakant (Ricky) Modi in ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]'' on [[Star Plus]].<ref name=":2">{{cite news|title=Rohit Suchanti to enter as Gopi's 'son' in Saath Nibhana Saathiya!|url=http://www.zoomtv.com/telly-talk/telly-topup-0/article/rohit-suchanti-to-enter-as-gopis-son-in-saath-nibhana-saathiya/18933|accessdate=28 April 2017|work=zoomtv.com|archive-date=21 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421135807/http://www.zoomtv.com/telly-talk/telly-topup-0/article/rohit-suchanti-to-enter-as-gopis-son-in-saath-nibhana-saathiya/18933|url-status=dead}}</ref> Then he played Jai in [[ALTBalaji]]'s ''[[Class of 2017]]''. In September 2017, he joined ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]'' playing Ratan Maan Singh on [[Sony Entertainment Television|Sony TV]].<ref name=":3">{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/soaps/story/tejasswi-prakash-to-romance-saathiya-actor-rohit-suchanti-in-pehredaar-piya-ki-season-2-lifetv-1051515-2017-09-24|title=Tejasswi Prakash to romance Saathiya actor Rohit Suchanti in Pehredaar Piya Ki Season 2?|work=[[India Today]]|date=24 September 2017}}</ref> In October 2018, he joined ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]'' as the second wildcard entry.<ref name=":5">{{cite web|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/dna-delhi/20181020/283064120323358|title=Rohit Suchanti is the second wild card!|work=[[PressReader]]|date=20 October 2018}}</ref> In 2019, he played Anshuman Sharma in [[Zee TV]]'s ''[[Dil Yeh Ziddi Hai]]''.<ref name=":6">{{cite web|url=https://www.easterneye.biz/rohit-suchanti-talks-about-his-upcoming-show-dil-yeh-ziddi-hai/|title=Rohit Suchanti talks about his upcoming show Dil Yeh Ziddi Hai|publisher=easterneye|accessdate=4 March 2020}}</ref>

From August 2021 to June 2025, Suchanti played the lead role of Rishi Oberoi in the show titled ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''.<ref name=":4" /> Since July 2025, he is playing the role of Angad Virani in the popular show [[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]].

==Filmography==
=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Serial
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
|2011
|''[[Saas Bina Sasural]]''
|Bittu
|as Child Artist
|
|-
|2015
|''Warrior High''
|Rohit Agarwal
|Supporting Role
|
|-
|2017
| ''[[Saath Nibhaana Saathiya]]''
| Ramakant "Ricky" Modi
|Parallel Lead Role
|
|-
| 2017–2018
| ''[[Rishta Likhenge Hum Naya]]''
| Ratan Maan Singh
|Lead Role
|<ref name=":3" />
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Bigg Boss (Hindi season 12)|Bigg Boss 12]]''
| Contestant
|(8th place)
|<ref name=":5" />
|-
| 2019–2020
| ''[[Dil Yeh Ziddi Hai]]''
| Anshuman Sharma
|rowspan="3"|Lead Role
|<ref name=":6" />
|-
|2021–2025
|''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''
|Rishi Oberoi
|<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=Rohit Suchanti: This is actually the best time to work and entertain people - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/rohit-suchanti-this-is-actually-the-best-time-to-work-and-entertain-people/articleshow/83778412.cms|access-date=2021-06-24|website=The Times of India|date=24 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=13 March 2022 |title=TV Celebs Celebrate 'Pyaar Wali Holi' On The Sets Of 'Kumkum Bhagya' |language=en |work=ABP Live |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/tv-celebs-celebrate-pyaar-wali-holi-on-the-sets-of-kumkum-bhagya-1519344/ |access-date=15 March 2022}}</ref>
|-
|2025–2026
|''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi 2]]''
| Angad Virani
|
|-
|2026- Present
|''[[Kyunki Rishton Ke Bhi Roop Badalte Hain]]''
|Angad Virani
|Lead Role
|
|}

==== Special appearances ====
{| class="wikitable
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
! Ref.
|-
| rowspan="2"|2015
|''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya 4]]''
| Dhruv
| Episode 13
|
|-
|''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyar Tune Kya Kiya 5]]''
|Vikram
|Episode 8
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya 7]]''
| Abhay
|Episode 16
|
|-
| 2017
|''[[Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya (TV series)|Pyaar Tune Kya Kiya 9]]''
|Rajveer
|Episode 9
|
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Ace of Space 1]]''
| Himself
|
|
|-
|2020
|''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]''
|Aryan Mantri
|
|
|-
|2022; 2024
|''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]''
|Rishi Oberoi
|
|
|-
|2023
|''Bollystar Vacation''
|Himself
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2023 |title= Bollystar Vacation: Kisah Perjalanan Cinta Pemeran Bhagya Lakshmi di Yogyakarta|url=https://www.moeslimchoice.com/wisata/96710032197/bollystar-vacation-kisah-perjalanan-cinta-pemeran-bhagya-lakshmi-di-yogyakarta |access-date=6 May 2024 |website=Moeslim Choice |language=id}}</ref>
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Role
!Ref.
|-
|2017
|''[[Class of 2017]]''
|Jai
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcome to ALTBalaji|url=https://www.altbalaji.com/show/class-of-2017/145|access-date=2021-09-20|website=altbalaji|language=en}}</ref>
|}

=== Music videos ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Year
!Title
!Singer(s)
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|''Strawberry Warga''
|[[Navv Inder]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Latest Punjabi Song 'Strawberry Warga' Sung By Navv Inder And Swati Sharma {{!}} Punjabi Video Songs - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/punjabi/latest-punjabi-song-strawberry-warga-sung-by-navv-inder-and-swati-sharma/videoshow/70653966.cms|access-date=2021-07-22|website=timesofindia.indiatimes.com|language=en}}</ref>
|-
|2020
|''Teri Aankhon Mein''
|[[Darshan Raval]], [[Neha Kakkar]]
|
|-
|2021
|''Wafa Na Raas Aayee''
|[[Jubin Nautiyal]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2021-04-21|title=Bhushan Kumar & Jubin Nautiyal to bring a new heartbreak song 'Wafa Na Raas Aayee' featuring Himansh Kohli, Aarushi Nishank & Rohit Suchanti : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/bhushan-kumar-jubin-nautiyal-bring-new-heartbreak-song-wafa-na-raas-aayee-featuring-himansh-kohli-aarushi-nishank-rohit-suchanti/|access-date=2021-04-21|language=en}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Instagram|imrohitsuchanti}}
* {{IMDb name|9418356}}

{{Bigg Boss 12}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suchanti, Rohit}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:Indian male soap opera actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors from Bihar]]
[[Category:Indian male models]]

Nand Kishor Ram

2026-05-08T08:39:12Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nand Kishor Ram
| image =
| source =
| office = [[Cabinet Minister]] [[Government of Bihar]]
| term_start = 07 May 2026
| constituency =
| predecessor =
| office2 = [[Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| preceded2 = [[Bhagirathi Devi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| 1blankname = Chief Minister
| 1namedata = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| 1blankname1 = Ministry & Departments
| 1namedata1 = * Diary, Fisheries and Animal Resources
| 2blankname1 = Preceded by
| 2namedata1 = [[Samrat Choudhary]]
| governor1 = [[Syed Ata Hasnain]]
| office1 =
| preceded1 =
| term_start1 =
| term_start2 = 14 November 2025
| birth_name = Nand Kishor Ram
| birth_date = {{birth date and age | 1973|02|10}}
| birth_place = [[Champaran]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| alma_mater = [[Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University]] ([[Bachelors of Arts |BA]])
| occupation = Politician
| profession =
| website =
| 4blankname2 = Constituency
| 4namedata2 = [[Ramnagar]]
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| caption =
}}
'''Nand Kishor Ram''' is an Indian politician from [[Bharatiya Janata Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=Ramnagar Assembly Election Result 2025 Live: Get latest result updates as Nand Kishore Ram takes on Subodh Paswan |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/ramnagar-bihar-assembly-election-results-2025-live-constituency-profile-past-winners-voters-key-dates-details-party-wise-candidates/4001692/ |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> He was elected member of [[Bihar Legislative Assembly]] from [[Ramnagar, Bihar Assembly constituency|Ramnagar assembly constituency]] seat in the [[2025 Bihar Legislative Assembly election|2025 Bihar election]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2025-11-14 |title=Ramnagar (SC) Election Result 2025 Live: BJP's Nand Kishor Ram defeats RJD's Subodh Kumar with 22773 votes |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/ramnagar-sc-assembly-election-results-2025-live-updates-vote-counting-bihar-jdu-nda-mahagathbandhan-rjd-baelb-2818946-2025-11-14 |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>

== Political Career ==
Nand Kishor Ram contested the bihar general assembly election in 2025 from bhartiya Janta party and won the election from ramnagar constituency with a big margin and took the oath as cabinet minister in samrat choudhary ministry.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |last2=News |first2=India TV |date=2025-11-14 |title=Ramnagar Election Results 2025: BJP candidate Nand Kishore Ram wins with margin of over 35,600 votes |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/bihar/news-ramnagar-assembly-election-results-2025-live-updates-bjp-nand-kishor-ram-rjd-subodh-kumar-jan-suraaj-pappu-kumar-ranjan-bihar-polls-counting-2025-11-14-1017061 |access-date=2026-05-08 |website=India TV News |language=en}}</ref>

== Positions held ==

# Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly (2025 - Present)
# Cabinet Minister of Diary, Fisheries and Animal Resource in Bihar Government (2026 - Present)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ram, Nand Kishore}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2025–2030]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Bihar-BJP-politician-stub}}

Bharatasoma

2026-05-06T20:15:45Z

KobyQ0272234: new

{{Short description|Species of spider}}
{{Speciesbox
| name =
| image =
| image_caption =
| image2 =
| image2_caption =
| taxon = Bharatasoma eskovi
| authority = Marusik, 2023<ref name="wsc" />
| parent_authority = [[Yuri M. Marusik|Marusik]], 2023<ref name="marusik2023" />
}}

'''''Bharatasoma''''' is a [[monotypic]] [[genus]] of [[spiders]] in the family [[Theridiosomatidae]] containing the single species, '''''Bharatasoma eskovi'''''. ''Bharatasoma eskovi'' is [[endemic]] to [[India]].<ref name="wsc" />

The genus name is a combination of the [[Sanskrit]] name for India, भरत (bharata) and the ending of ''[[Theridiosoma]]''. The species is named in honor of [[Kirill Yeskov]].<ref name="marusik2023" />

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="wsc">{{cite web | url=https://wsc.nmbe.ch/lsid/urn%3Alsid%3Anmbe.ch%3Aspidergen%3A06097 | title=Gen. ''Bharatasoma'' Marusik, 2023 | publisher=World Spider Catalog | accessdate=2026-01-20}}</ref>
<ref name="marusik2023">{{cite journal | last1=Marusik | first1=Y. M. | year=2023 | title=A new genus of araneoid spiders (Aranei: Araneoidea) from northern India | journal=Far Eastern Entomologist | volume=489 | pages=1–7 | doi=10.25221/fee.489.1}}</ref>
</references>

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q123399060|from2=Q123399062}}

[[Category:Theridiosomatidae]]
[[Category:Spiders described in 2023]]
[[Category:Spiders of the Indian subcontinent]]
[[Category:Monotypic Araneomorphae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Yuri M. Marusik]]

{{Theridiosomatidae-stub}}

INS Sindhuraj

2026-05-05T16:47:50Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Short description|Diesel-electric submarine}}{{italic title|string=Sindhuraj}}{{Redirect|Sindhuraj|the Paramara king|Sindhuraja}}
{{more citations needed|date=July 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=
|image_caption=
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country=India
|flag={{shipboxflag|India|naval}}
|name=INS ''Sindhuraj''
|namesake=
|ordered=
|builder=
|laid_down=
|launched=18 April 1987
|acquired=
|commissioned= 20 October 1987
|decommissioned=
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|fate=
|status={{ship in active service}}
|badge = }}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= {{sclass|Sindhughosh|submarine}}
|type=
|displacement=*2325 tons surfaced
*3076 tons dived
|length= {{convert|72.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|beam= {{convert|9.9|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draught= {{convert|6.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|draft=
|propulsion=*2 × {{convert|3650|hp|abbr=on}} diesel-electric motors
*1 × {{convert|5900|hp|abbr=on}} motor
*2 × {{convert|204|hp|abbr=on}} auxiliary motors
*1 × {{convert|130|hp|abbr=on}} economic speed motor
|speed=*Surfaced; {{convert|11|kn|km/h}}<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://roe.ru/eng/catalog/naval-systems/submarines/project-636/|title=Large diesel-electric submarine Project 636 | Catalog Rosoboronexport|website=roe.ru}}</ref>
*Snorkel Mode; {{convert|9|kn|km/h}}
*Submerged; {{convert|19|kn|km/h}}<ref name="auto"/>
|range=*Snorting: {{convert|6000|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
*Submerged: {{convert|400|mi|km}} at {{convert|3|kn|km/h}}
|endurance= Up to 45 days with a crew of 52
|test_depth=*Operational Depth; {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=on}}
*Maximum Depth; {{convert|300|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|complement= 52 (incl. 13 Officers)
|sensors=
|EW=
|armament=*[[Strela 3|9M36 Strela-3]] (SA-N-8) SAM launcher
*[[3M-54 Klub|Klub-S (3M-54E) ASCM]]
*[[53-65 torpedo|Type 53-65]] passive wake homing torpedo
*TEST 71/76 anti-submarine, active-passive homing torpedo
*24 DM-1 [[Naval mine|mines]] in lieu of torpedo tube
|notes=
}}
}}
'''INS ''Sindhuraj'' (S57)''' ({{Lit|King of the Sea}}) is a {{sclass|Sindhughosh|submarine|0}} diesel-electric [[submarine]] of the [[Indian Navy]].<ref name=in-sg>{{cite web|url=http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_sindhughosh.htm |title=Submarines of Indian Navy |access-date=5 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619071559/http://indiannavy.nic.in/sub_sindhughosh.htm |archive-date=19 June 2009 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kilo class submarine}}
{{Submarines of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sindhuraj (S57)}}
[[Category:Sindhughosh-class submarines]]
[[Category:Attack submarines]]
[[Category:Ships built by Sevmash]]
[[Category:1987 ships]]
[[Category:Submarines of India]]

{{submarine-stub}}
{{India-mil-stub}}

Dadagiri (Hindi TV series)

2026-04-28T17:13:42Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{short description|Television series}}
{{Distinguish|Dadagiri Unlimited}}
{{About||the Zee Bangla show|Dadagiri Unlimited|the 1987 Hindi film|Dadagiri (film)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox television
| image =
| runtime = 1 hour
| company = [[UTV Software Communications|UTV Television]]
| country = India
| network = [[Bindass]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2008}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2011}}
| num_seasons = 4
| num_episodes =
| location =
}}
'''''Dadagiri''''' is an Indian [[reality show]] that premiered on [[Bindass]] in 2008.

== History ==
In its first season, called ''Dadagiri: Beat the Bullies'', contestants were selected every week and would compete for a prize money of Rs. 50,000. It was hosted by Akash Beri and had 4 "bullies": Vishal as "The Beast", [[Shraman Jain]] as "The Mindstein", Esha Bhaskar as "The Goddess" and Quaiser Jamal as Juicy The Chef.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}} Contestants were required to complete physical and mental challenges, as well as endure abuse by the show's "bullies".<ref name="Kapoor"/> According to a former contestant, the show was about 70% scripted and 30% improvised.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Roy |first1=Smita |title=Ravi is upset |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ravi-is-upset/articleshow/3436967.cms |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=27 May 2019 |language=en |date=3 September 2008 |quote='And it was all scripted! We were all given our parts where 70 per cent was to be said as is and 30 per cent would be improvisations,' says Ravi. |archive-date=24 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624150620/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Ravi-is-upset/articleshow/3436967.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

The second season premiered in 2009 and featured 12 contenders competing for a prize of Rs. 1,000,000. It had 2 bullies; Vishal returned as "The Beast" for the second season, and [[Sonnalli Seygall]] replaced Esha as "The Goddess".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-gooey-cusstard/492252/|title = A gooey cuss-tard - Indian Express}}</ref>

The third season premiered in 2010, ''D3 Commando Force: Dadagiri Against Terrorism'', and it also had cash prize.<ref>{{Cite web|title=C'mon, Commandos! - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/c-mon-commandos-/598543/|website=archive.indianexpress.com}}</ref>

The fourth and final season premiered in 2011, titled ''Dadagiri: The Revenge of the Sexes'', and it featured two groups divided by gender. The male team was led by Vishal as "The Beast", and the female team by [[Shaurya Chauhan]] as "The Goddess".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/dadagiri-season-4-to-become-battleground-of-opposite-sexes/|title=Dadagiri Season 4 to become battleground of opposite sexes|date=15 January 2011|access-date=30 October 2021|archive-date=30 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030100157/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/entertainment-others/dadagiri-season-4-to-become-battleground-of-opposite-sexes/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Assault incident==
In one episode in 2008, "Esha, the Goddess" (Esha Bhaskar) slapped a contestant named [[Ravi Bhatia]]. He immediately slapped her back. The incident resulted in the male host (Akash Beri) and some crew members physically assaulting Bhatia while he repeatedly asked "How can she slap?".<ref name="Kapoor">{{cite web |title=Dadagiri On Screen |date=30 August 2008 |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Dadagiri-on-screen/article15388395.ece |first=Gaurav |last=Kapoor |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=18 June 2017 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302120229/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/Dadagiri-on-screen/article15388395.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> The video also went [[viral video|viral]] on the Internet.<ref>{{cite web |title=When Salim of 'Jodha Akbar' slapped a girl in real life |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/When-Salim-of-Jodha-Akbar-slapped-a-girl-in-real-life/articleshow/52886000.cms |website=The Times of India |access-date=27 May 2019 |language=en |date=23 June 2016 |quote=In 2008, a viral video of one of its episode got viral where the host Esha Bhaskar slapped one of the contestants. |archive-date=4 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404144755/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/When-Salim-of-Jodha-Akbar-slapped-a-girl-in-real-life/articleshow/52886000.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Bhatia subsequently sent a legal notice to the producers and asked for a public apology.<ref>{{cite news |first=Shweta |last=Keshri |title=Karan Kundra slaps a Roadies contestant; 4 times slapgate controversies created a stir on reality shows |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/karan-kundra-slaps-a-roadies-contestant-x-times-slapgate-controversies-created-a-stir-on-reality-shows-roadies-splitsvilla-om-swami-lifetv-961250-2017-02-17/ |work=[[India Today]] |date=17 February 2017 |quote=In one of the episodes of the Bindass' Dadagiri, a contestant Ravi Bhatia was slapped by the host. This didn't go down well with him and he smacked her right back. Later Ravi also served a legal notice to the makers and asked for an apology. |access-date=16 June 2018 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616180409/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/karan-kundra-slaps-a-roadies-contestant-x-times-slapgate-controversies-created-a-stir-on-reality-shows-roadies-splitsvilla-om-swami-lifetv-961250-2017-02-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Bindass original programming]]
[[Category:Indian reality television series]]
[[Category:2008 Indian television series debuts]]
[[Category:2011 Indian television series endings]]
[[Category:UTV Television]]

Deepthi Suresh

2026-04-28T12:50:57Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Short description|Indian singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Deepthi Suresh
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = c. 1995
| origin = [[Tamil Nadu]], India
| genre = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]]
| occupation = Singer
| years_active =
| website =
}}

'''Deepthi Suresh''' is an Indian [[Playback singer]] [[Concert|live performer]]. She has been nominated for [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer]] in 2024. She works primarily in [[Tamil songs|Tamil]], in addition to few [[Hindi songs|Hindi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-12-18 |title=First single, Ther Thiruvizha from Lal Salaam is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Dec/18/first-single-ther-thiruvizha-from-lal-salaam-is-here-50499.html |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Devara: Part - 1 {{!}} Tamil Song - Paththavaikkum (Lyrical) |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/devara-part-1-tamil-song-paththavaikkum-lyrical/videoshow/112307551.cms |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> She is known for her songs in ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]'' (2023), ''[[Vettaiyan]]'' (2024).

She was a contestant in the popular Vijay TV show, [[Super Singer 4|Super Singer]] in 2013.

== Discography ==
Deepthi Suresh has been a [[playback singer]] for various films in various languages.

===List of Tamil songs===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year !! Film title !! Song title !! Composer !! Co-singer(s)
!Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}}
|-
|2018
|''[[Kanaa (film)|Kanaa]]''
|Vaayadi Petha Pulla
|[[Dhibu Ninan Thomas]]
|Aaradhana Sivakarthikeyan, [[Vaikom Vijayalakshmi]], [[Sivakarthikeyan]]
|Background Chorus Singer
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2021
|''[[Maara]]''
|Unnaithaane
| rowspan="4"|[[Ghibran Vaibodha]]
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Kasada Tabara]]''
|Irai Thandha
|
| Streaming release
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2022
|''[[Maha (film)|Maha]]''
|Hey Edhiriye (Happy Version)
|
|
|
|-
|''[[Koogle Kuttappa]]''
|Alai Alai
|[[G. V. Prakash Kumar]]
|
|
|-
| rowspan="4" |2023
|''[[Pathu Thala]]''
|Osarattum Pathu Thala
| rowspan="3"|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Sreekanth Hariharan, Sathyaprakash
|
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|''[[Maamannan]]''
|Kodi Parakura Kaalam
| [[Kalpana Raghavendar]], [[Rakshita Suresh]], Aparna Harikumar
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-13 |title=Kodi Parukura Kaalam: An empowering song from Maamannan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/kodi-parukura-kaalam-an-empowering-song-from-maamannan-8660698/ |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Utchanthala
|Sireesha Bhaguvatula, Pavithra Chari
|
|
|-
|[[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']]
|Aararaari Raaro
|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="7" |2024
|rowspan="2"|[[Lal Salaam (2024 film)|<bdi>''Lal Salaam''</bdi>]]
|Thimiri Yezhuda
|rowspan="2" |A. R. Rahman
| [[Bamba Bakya]], [[Shahul Hameed]], Akshaya Shivkumar
|
| rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Features |first=C. E. |date=2023-12-18 |title=First single, Ther Thiruvizha from Lal Salaam is here |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/Dec/18/first-single-ther-thiruvizha-from-lal-salaam-is-here-50499.html |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=Cinema Express |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Ther Thiruvizha
|[[Shankar Mahadevan]], [[A. R. Raihanah]], Yogi Sekar
|
|-

|''[[Rathnam]]''
| Sengamalam
| |[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
|Abinaya Shenbagaraj, Sushmita Narasimhan, Padmaja Sreenivasan
|
|
|-
|''[[Vettaiyan]]''
|Manasilaayo
| Anirudh Ravichander
| [[Malaysia Vasudevan]], [[Yugendran|Yugendran Vasudevan]], [[Anirudh Ravichander]]
|
|
|-
|[[Petta Rap (film)|''Petta Rap'']]
|Athirattum Dum
| [[D. Imman]]
| [[D. Imman]]
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Petta Rap {{!}} Song - Athirattum Dum {{!}} Tamil Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/petta-rap-song-athirattum-dum/videoshow/111595724.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Devara: Part 1]]''
|[[Chuttamalle|Paththavaikkum]]
|Anirudh Ravichander
|Vignesh Shivan
|Dubbed version
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Devara: Part - 1 {{!}} Tamil Song - Paththavaikkum (Lyrical) {{!}} Tamil Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/tamil/devara-part-1-tamil-song-paththavaikkum-lyrical/videoshow/112307551.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Kanguva]]''
|Fire Song
|[[Devi Sri Prasad]]
| V. M. Mahalingam, Senthil Ganesh, Shenbagaraj
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kanguva {{!}} Kannada Song - Fire (Lyrical) {{!}} Kannada Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/kannada/kanguva-kannada-song-fire-lyrical/videoshow/111977235.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2025
|''[[Dude (2025 film)|Dude]]''
|Oorum Blood
|[[Sai Abhyankkar]]
|[[Sai Abhyankkar]], [[Paal Dabba]], Bebhumika
|
|
|-
|''Genie''
|Abdi Abdi
|[[A. R. Rahman]]
|[[Mayssa Karaa]], [[Freek (rapper)|Freek]]
|
|
|-
|''[[Rambo (2025 film)|Rambo]]''
|Mayakkam Enna
|[[Ghibran Vaibodha]]
|
|
|
|-
|2026
|''[[Kadhal Reset Repeat]]''
|Halo Halo
|[[Harris Jayaraj]]
|[[Nikhita Gandhi]]
|
|
|}

===List of other language songs===

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year !! Film title !! Song title !! Composer !! Co-singer(s)
!Language
!Notes
! {{Tooltip|Ref|Reference}}
|-
|2023
| rowspan="3" |[[Jawan (film)|''Jawan'']]
| rowspan="2" |Aararaari Raaro
| rowspan="3" |[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| rowspan="3" |Solo
|Hindi
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |2023
| rowspan="4" |Telugu
| rowspan="7" |Dubbed versions
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepthi Suresh calls it a huge surprise to watch Deepika Padukone lip-syncing to Aararaari Raaro in Jawan - Exclusive |url=https://mirchi.in/stories/music/deepthi-suresh-interview-with-mirchi-plus/103602018 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=mirchi.in |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Nallaani Cheekatilo
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jawan {{!}} Telugu Song - Nallaani Cheekatilo {{!}} Telugu Video Songs - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/music/telugu/jawan-telugu-song-nallaani-cheekatilo/videoshow/104111280.cms |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="4" |2024
|''[[Pathu Thala|AGR]]''
| Nazrein Jhulka
| |[[A. R. Rahman]]
|Sarath Santhosh, Aravind Srinivas
|
|-
|''[[Vettaiyan]]''
| rowspan="3" | Manasilaayo
| rowspan="3"|[[Anirudh Ravichander]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Nakash Aziz]], Arun Kaundinya
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |''[[Vettaiyan]]''
|Hindi
|
|-
|Kannada
|
|-
| 2025
|''[[Dude (2025 film)|Dude]]''
| "Oorum Blood"
| |[[Sai Abhyankkar]]
| Sai Abhyankkar, Bebhumika
|Telugu
|}

==Awards and nominations==
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Work
! scope="col" | Result
! scope="col" class="unsortable"| {{Tool tip|Ref.|References}}
|-
| rowspan='3' | 2024
| [[Filmfare Awards]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| rowspan='3' | ''[[Jawan (film)|Jawan]]''
| {{Nom}}
| <ref>{{Cite web |title=69th Hyundai Filmfare Awards 2024 with Gujarat Tourism |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-2024/nominations |access-date=August 31, 2024 |website=Filmfare Awards}}</ref>
|-
| [[International Indian Film Academy Awards]]
| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]
| {{Nom}}
|
|-
| [[Mirchi Music Awards]]
| [[Mirchi Music Award for Upcoming Female Vocalist of the Year|Upcoming Female Vocalist of the Year]]
| {{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan='2' | 2025
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| [[Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil|Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil]]
| rowspan='2' | ''[[Vettaiyan]]''
| {{Nom}}
|-
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards|Best Female Playback Singer - Tamil]]
| {{Nom}}
|
|}

==See also ==
* [[List of Indian playback singers]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Suresh, Deepthi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Hindi-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Hindi-language singers]]
[[Category:Indian women playback singers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women singers]]
[[Category:Tamil-language playback singers]]
[[Category:Singers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Goutam Ghose

2026-04-28T09:28:56Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{short description|Indian actor, director and screenwriter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Goutam Ghose
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Goutam Ghose in Film Shoot.jpg
| birth_name = Goutam Ghose
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1950|7|24|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| education = [[University of Calcutta]]
| occupation = {{hlist|Director|Screenwriter|Actor|music director|cinematographer}}
| years_active =
| spouse = Neelanjana Ghose (1978–2025)
| children = Anandi Ghose, [[Ishaan Ghose]]
| parents =
| relatives =
}}

'''Goutam Ghose''' ({{IPA|bn|ɡou̯tom ɡʱoʃ}}) (also spelled '''Gautam Ghosh'''; born 24 July 1950) is an Indian film director, actor, music director and cinematographer who works primarily in [[Cinema of West Bengal|Bengali cinema]]. He is the only Indian to have received the "Vittorio Di Sica" Award, Italy, in 1997.

In 2012, the Government of West Bengal honored him with the [[Banga Bibhushan]] for lifetime achievement. Acknowledging his contributions to film, he was awarded the Knighthood of the Star of the Italian Solidarity in July 2006.<ref name="Das2010">{{cite book|author=Anirban Das|title=Toward a Politics of the (Im)Possible: The Body in Third World Feminisms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y35hbS5eejAC&pg=PA127|access-date=3 October 2012|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=978-1-84331-855-2|pages=127–}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: Weight of the world|url=http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/03/16/stories/2008031650130500.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080319232223/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2008/03/16/stories/2008031650130500.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 March 2008|date=16 March 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=8 March 2016}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Goutam Ghose was born on 24 July 1950 in Calcutta, India to Santana and Prof. Himangshu Kumar Ghose. His kindergarten days began at the St John's Diocesan School (now an all-girls school). He studied there till class 4 and then moved to the neighboring Cathedral Missionary Boys' School. He graduated from the [[University of Calcutta]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.goutamghose.com/ |title=Welcome to GoutamGhose.com |access-date=16 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006141924/http://www.goutamghose.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}</ref>

== Career ==
He started making [[documentaries]] in 1973. Took active part in group theatre movement in [[Calcutta]]. Also dedicated some time as a [[Photo Journalist|Photojournalist]]. Made his first documentary– New Earth in 1973 followed by Hungry Autumn. Since then, he has made a number of feature films and documentaries. Ghose was greatly influenced by the movies of [[Akira Kurosawa]]' [[Homage (arts)]], [[Satyajit Ray]]'s [[Adventure film]], [[Ritwik Ghatak]]'s [[Hyperlink cinema]], [[Rajen Tarafdar]]'s [[Partition of India]] in Film , [[Mrinal Sen]]'s [[Parallel cinema|New Indian Cinema]] and [[Ajoy Kar]]'s [[Social realism]] who had heralded a new era in Bengali movie through his works.

His most successful films were ''[[Antarjali Jatra]]'', ''[[Padma Nadir Majhi]]'', ''[[Abar Aranye]]'', {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Kaalbela]]}}, ''[[Shankhachil]]'' and {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Moner Manush]]}}. He came into limelight for these films.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-109581|title=Quiet flows the disquieting river|author=Kavita|place=[[New Delhi]]|date=13 October 2019|access-date=24 July 2022|newspaper=[[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]]}}</ref>

==Filmography==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#ffc;"|
| Denotes film that has not yet been released
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Feature films
!'''Year'''
!'''Title'''
!'''Language'''
!'''Director'''
!'''Actor'''
!'''Producer'''
!Notes
|-
| '''1980'''|| ''[[Maa Bhoomi]]'' || Telugu||{{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''1981'''|| ''[[Dakhal]]'' || Bengali|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''1982'''|| ''[[Grihajuddha]]'' || Bengali||{{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| '''1984'''|| ''[[Paar (film)|Paar]]''|| Hindi|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''1987'''|| {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Antarjali Jatra]]}}|| Bengali || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''1992'''|| ''[[Padma Nadir Majhi]]'' || Bengali || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|[[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]]
|-
| '''1993'''|| ''[[Patang (film)|Patang]]'' ||Hindi|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
|'''1996'''||''Vrindavan Film Studios''||Italian|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|'''1997'''|| ''[[Gudia (1997 film)|Gudia]]'' || Hindi|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
|'''2001'''|| ''[[Dekha]]''|| Bengali || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''2003'''||''[[Abar Aranye]]''|| Bengali|| {{yes}} || {{No}}
|
|
|-
| '''2006'''||''[[Yatra (2007 film)|Yatra]]'' || Hindi|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
| '''2009'''||{{Lang|bn-latn|[[Kaalbela]]}}||Bengali || {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
|'''2010'''||{{Lang|bn-latn|[[Moner Manush (film)|Moner Manush]]}}|| Bengali|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|[[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]]
|-
|'''2011'''|| {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Baishe Srabon]]}} ||Bengali|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|'''2012'''|| ''[[Ekla Akash]]'' ||Bengali|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| '''2013'''|| ''[[Shunyo Awnko]]'' || Bengali||{{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
|'''2014'''||''[[Chotushkone]]''|| Bengali|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|'''2016'''||''[[Shankhachil]]''||Bengali|| {{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|[[Indo-Bangladesh joint production]]
|-
| '''2017'''|| ''[[Beyond the Clouds (2017 film)|Beyond the Clouds]]'' || English / Hindi||{{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|'''2018'''||''[[Guptodhoner Sandhane]]''||Bengali|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
|'''2019'''||''[[Shantilal O Projapoti Rohoshyo]]''|| Bengali|| {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|
|-
| '''2021'''|| ''[[Jhilli|Jhilli– Discards]]'' || Bengali||{{No}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}
|
|-
| '''2022'''|| ''[[Raahgir – The Wayfarers]]'' || Hindi||{{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|-
|'''2025'''
|''Parikrama''
|English / Hindi / Italian||{{yes}} || {{no}}
|
|
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Documentary
!'''Year'''
!'''Title'''
!'''Language'''
!'''Director'''
|-
|'''1973'''||''New Earth''||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1974'''||''Hungry Autumn''||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1986'''||''The Land of Sand Dunes''||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1988'''
|''In search of Theater- Utpal Dutta'' on [[Utpal Dutta]]
|Bengali/English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1989'''||''[[Sange Meel Se Mulaqat]]- On Ustad [[Bismillah Khan]]''||Hindi ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1990'''
|Mohor- On [[Kanika Banerjee]]
|Hindi||{{yes}}
|-
||'''1996'''||''Beyond the Himaylayas''||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1999'''||''Ray: life and work'' on [[Satyajit Ray]]||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2000'''
|''Kalahandi''
|English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2004'''||''Impermanance- On'' [[Dalai Lama]]||English ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2005'''
|''Journey with [[Jyoti Basu]]''
|Bengali/English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2007'''
|''Rivers of Knowledge- A Film on Asiatic Society''
|English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2008'''
|''In Search of Raja- On'' [[Raja Ram Mohan Roy]]
|English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2012'''||''L'archivio a oriente''||Italian, Persian, Chinese ||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2013'''
|Subha & Me- On Artist [[Subhaprasanna]]
|Bengali/English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2014'''
|The Magic of Making- On [[K. G. Subramanyan]]
|English||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2017'''
|A Temple to Solomon- On [[Calcutta High Court]]
|English||{{yes}}
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Short film
!'''Year'''
!'''Title'''
!'''Language'''
!'''Director'''
|-
|'''1987'''
|Ek Ghat Ki Kahani
|'''Hindi'''||{{yes}}
|-
|'''1993'''
|Sham Hi Toh Hai
|'''Hindi'''||{{yes}}
|-
|''[[Fakir]]''
|'''1998'''
|'''Hindi'''||{{yes}}
|-
|'''2021'''
|Somoyer Smritimala <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-23 |title=Somoyer Smritimala (Bengali,2022) |url=https://chasingcinema.wordpress.com/2023/07/23/somoyer-smritimala-bengali2022/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Talking about cinema |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-08 |title=Goutam Ghose: Gargee still has a thirst for learning |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/goutam-ghose-gargee-still-has-a-thirst-for-learning/articleshow/81966786.cms |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|'''Bengali'''||{{yes}}
|}

== Awards and recognitions ==

'''''Hungry Autumn''''' (A documentary) :
*Main Award, Oberhausen Film Festival (1978)

'''''Land of Sand Dunes''''' (A documentary):
* [[National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film]] (1986)

'''''Meeting a Milestone''''' (A documentary):
*[[File:The President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Best Direction Award for the year 2004 to Mr. Goutam Ghose ( film Abar Aranye ) at the 51st National Film Award function in New Delhi on February 2, 2005.jpg|thumb|296x296px|The President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presenting the Best Direction Award for the year 2004 to Mr. Goutam Ghose]]Special screening at the [[Cannes Film Festival]], (out of competition)

'''[[Maa Bhoomi]]''':
*[[Nandi Award for Best Feature Film]]
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]]

'''[[Dakhal]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film]] (1982)
*[[Silver Medal]] at Figuera De Foz, Portugal (1982)
*Ecumenical Jury Prize for Human Rights Festival at Strasbourg, France (1982)

'''[[Paar (film)|Paar]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]](1985)
*National Film Award for Best Actor and Actress (1985)
*[[UNESCO Award]] at [[Venice Film Festival]] (1985)
*Best Actor at [[Venice Film Festival]] (1985)
*[[FIPRESCI Award]], Red Cross Award at Verna Film Festival (1987).
*[[Filmfare Award]] for [[Best Direction]] and [[Best Screenplay, Original|Best Screenplay]]

'''[[Antarjali Jatra]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]](1987)
*Un-Certain Regards, [[Cannes Film Festival]] (1988)
*[[Grand Prix (Cannes Film Festival)|Grand Prix]] - Golden Semurg at Tashkent Film Festival (1988)

'''[[Padma Nadir Majhi]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Direction]] (1992)
*[[National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film]] (1992).
*[[UNESCO Award]], [[Cannes Film Festival]] (1993).

'''[[Patang (film)|Patang]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] (1993)
*Best Actress Award at [[Taormina Film Fest|Taormina Film Fest, Italy]]- [[Shabana Azmi]] (1994)

'''''Beyond the Himalayas''''' (A documentary):
*[[Filmfare Award for Best Documentary]]

'''[[Gudia (1997 film)|Gudia]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi]] (1996)
*Un-Certain Regards, [[Cannes Film Festival]] (1997)

'''[[Dekha]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]] (2001)
*Silver Balloon Award, [[Nantes Film Festival]]

'''''Kalahandi''''' (A documentary):
*[[National Film Award for Best Investigative Film]] (2002)

'''''A Treasure in the Snow''''' (A documentary):
*[[National Film Award for Best Promotional Film]] (2003)

'''[[Abar Aranye]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Direction]]
*[[National Film Award for Best Screenplay]]

'''''Impermanence''''' (A documentary):
*Premiered at the [[Venice International Film Festival]] (2004)

'''[[Yatra (2006 film)|Yatra]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Cinematography]]

'''[[Moner Manush]]''':
*[[Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration]] (A National award)
*Golden Peacock for Best Film at the 41st [[International Film Festival of India]] held at Goa.

'''[[Shankhachil]]''':
*[[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali]]
*[[41st Bangladesh National Film Awards]] for Best Actress, Best child Artist and Best art Direction.
*[[Montreal World Film Festival]] For Nominate

'''Special Awards''':
*Is the only Indian to have received the "Vittorio Di Sica" Award, Italy, 1997
*Was awarded the Knighthood of the "Star of the Italian Solidarity" in July 2006
*Awarded the [[Banga Bibhushan]] for lifetime achievement in film direction in 2012<ref name="48thawardPDF">{{cite web|url=http://dff.nic.in/2011/48th_nff_2001.pdf|title=48th National Film Awards|publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
*UNESCO Award (1985)
* Kalakar Awards<ref name="Kalakar award winners">{{cite web|title=Kalakar award winners |url=http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |publisher=Kalakar website |access-date=16 October 2012 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155216/http://kalakarawards.co/images/listofawardees.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref>
* PIFF Distinguished Award (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-12 |title=Ameen Sayani, MM Keeravani to be honoured at 22nd Pune International Film Festival |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/ameen-sayani-mm-keeravani-to-be-honoured-at-22nd-piff-9105870/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Goutam Ghose Awards |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Goutam-Ghose/awards |access-date=2024-02-27 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

===Honours===

* In 2017, he was inducted as a member of the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] Academy<ref>{{cite web | title =Academy invites record 774 new members; 39 percent female, 30 percent people color |publisher=Hollywood Reporter| url = http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/academy-invites-record-774-new-members-39-percent-female-30-percent-people-color-1017318 |date=29 June 2017|access-date = 29 June 2017}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate by [[Adamas University]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=News Archive |url=https://adamasuniversity.ac.in/news/ |access-date=2024-02-27 |website=Adamas University |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Honorary Doctorate by [[Sidho Kanho Birsha University|Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University]]<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0315872/awards/</ref>

== As an avant-garde poet ==
Ghose has portrayed the role of a [[Hungry generation]] poet in [[Srijit Mukherji]]'s film {{Lang|bn-latn|[[Baishe Srabon]]}} (2011) and also penned the poems of the character he played.

==See also==
*[[Kamaleshwar Mukherjee]]
*[[Ishaan Ghose]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.goutamghose.com}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0315872}}

{{Goutam Ghose}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestDirection}}
{{National Film Award Best Cinematography}}
{{NationalFilmAwardBestScreenplay}}
{{FilmfareAwardBestScreenplay}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghose, Gautam}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Bengali Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian documentary filmmakers]]
[[Category:Indian experimental filmmakers]]
[[Category:Hindi film cinematographers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Best Original Screenplay National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Feature Film National Film Award]]
[[Category:Film directors from Kolkata]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards winners]]
[[Category:Kalakar Awards winners]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:Bengali film directors]]
[[Category:Best Cinematography National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Best Director National Film Award winners]]
[[Category:Cinematographers from West Bengal]]
[[Category:Directors who won the Best Film on National Integration National Film Award]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengali people]]

The Automobile Society India

2026-04-27T04:07:31Z

KobyQ0272234: adding details

{{Orphan|date=February 2022}}
{{refimprove|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = The Automobile Society India
| logo = ASI LOGO.png
| logo_size =
| abbreviation = ASI
| formation = 2011
| professional_title = Technician Engineer
| type = Automobile Professional Society
| purpose = Upgrade industry oriented qualification{{clarify|date=September 2024}}
| headquarters = [[New Delhi]]
| location = [[Gurgaon]]
| region_served = [[India]]
| fields = Automobile Engineering
| num_members = Fellow, Associate, Organisation, Student
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Dileep K Nair
| leader_title2 = Secretary General
| leader_name2 = H.C Bhatia
| website = {{url|http://www.automobilesociety.ac.in}}{{dead link|date=July 2025}}
}}

'''The Automobile Society India''' (ASI) started in 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/automobile-society-to-give-skill-development-push-to-auto-sector/58666268 |title=Automobile Society to give skill development push to auto sector, Auto News, ET Auto |website=auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516212239/http://auto.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/automobile-society-to-give-skill-development-push-to-auto-sector/58666268 |archive-date=2017-05-16}}</ref> ASI began conducting Technician Membership and Senior membership exams through its Institution of Automobile Engineers India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-05-14 |title=Automobile Society to give skill development push to auto sector |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/industry-automobile-society-to-give-skill-development-push-to-auto-sector-667557/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=[[The Financial Express (India)|Financial Express]]}}</ref> In 2014, the society established a state private technical university in [[Arunachal Pradesh]], the [[North East Frontier Technical University (NEFTU)|North East Frontier Technical University]].

==Membership examination==
The Automobile Society conducts Technician Membership Examination and Senior Technician membership Examination twice in a year.

==Skill development programmes==
Automobile Society India is a training partner of NSDC Star Scheme. The society already trained more than 4000 students under this scheme. Now, the society also plans to implement more Skill Development programmes through its Students chapters and University.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

==Memberships==
* Life Member – [[Engineering Council of India|The Engineering Council Of India]]
* Member – [[ASSOCHAM|Assocham]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Automobile Society India, The}}
[[Category:Road transport in India]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Automobile associations]]

{{auto-org-stub}}
{{India-org-stub}}

Rayabhupalapatnam

2026-04-22T12:00:02Z

KobyQ0272234: started new stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rayabhupalapatnam
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = te
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Andhra Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|17|02|54|N|82|06|19|E|display=inline,title|region:IN_type:city}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 533437
| registration_plate =
| website =
| footnotes =
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-zoom = 13
}}

'''Rayabhupalapatnam''' is a south [[India]]n village in [[Peddapuram Mandal]] in the [[Kakinada district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Village & Panchayats |url=https://kakinada.ap.gov.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village-panchayats/ |publisher=Kakinada District |access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref> It has four primary schools, a high school, and an [[India Post]] branch office (BO).<ref>{{cite web |title=Search Results for "Rayabhupalapatnam" Query |url=https://eastgodavari.ap.gov.in/?csrf_nonce=4d4168bffe&_wp_http_referer=%2Fpublic-utilities%2F&s=Rayabhupalapatnam |website=East Godavari District Web Portal |publisher=[[Kakinada district]] |access-date=15 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Kakinada district}}

[[Category:Villages in Kakinada district]]

{{Kakinada-geo-stub}}

Karanj Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T19:28:38Z

KobyQ0272234: added first info added tags.

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Gujarat State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Karanj
| mla = [[Pravinbhai Manjibhai Ghoghari]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
| state = Gujarat
| district = [[Surat district|Surat]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Surat Lok Sabha constituency|Surat]]
| established = 2008
| reservation = None
| electors = {{formatnum:176589}}<ref name=election2022>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 18 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|2}}
| type= SLA
| constituency_no = 162
}}

'''Karanj''' is one of the 182 [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Gujarat]] state in [[India]].<ref name=gjceo>{{cite web |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125011107/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/PCAC.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2014 |title=Parliament / Assembly constituency wise PS & Electors Detail - Draft Roll - 2014 |access-date= 1 June 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date=5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref> It is part of [[Surat district|Surat]] district and came into existence after 2008 delimitation.

==List of segments==

This assembly seat represents the following segments,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |title=Gujarat: Order No. 33: Table-A: Assembly Constituency and Their Extent |date=12 December 2006 |website=Election Commission of India |publisher=Delimitation Commission of India |pages=2–31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015941/http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Gujarat/gujarat.pdf |archive-date= 5 March 2016 |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2017 }}</ref>

# Surat City Taluka (Part) – [[Surat Municipal Corporation]] (Part) Ward No. – 36, 46, 47, 48.

==Members of Legislative Assembly==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!Picture
!colspan="2"|Party
|-
|2012 ||Janakbhai Kachhadiya<ref>{{cite web | url=https://bjpgujarat.org/sob/shri-janakbhai-m-patel-bagdanawala/ | title=Shri Janakbhai M. Patel (Bagdanawala) – BJP | BJP Gujarat | Bharatiya janata Party }}</ref>||
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party| rowspan=3}}
|-
|[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2017]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Pravin Ghoghari|Pravinbhai Manjibhai Ghoghari]]<ref name=election2017/> || rowspan="2" |
|-
| [[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|2022]]
|}

==Election results==
=== 2022 ===
<section begin="Assembly Election 2022"/>
{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2022 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly election, 2022]]:Karanj Assembly constituency<ref name="Gujarat Elections ECI">{{cite web |title=Gujarat Legislative Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=Election Commission of India |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 January 2023 |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2022|url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14750-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2022/|website=Election Commission of India}}</ref> }}

{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[Pravin Ghoghari]]|party=Bharatiya Janata Party|votes=60493|percentage=67.67|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ahir Manoj Sorathiya|party=Aam Aadmi Party|votes=24519|percentage=27.43|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Bharti Prakashbhai Patel|party=Indian National Congress|votes=2954|percentage=3.3|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Ladumor Maheshbhai Kababhai|party=Right to Recall Party|votes=218|percentage=0.24|change=N/A}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the above]]|party=None of the above|votes=756|percentage=0.85|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=40.24|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box registered electors
|reg. electors = {{formatnum:175809}}
|ref=
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser =
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}<section end="Assembly Election 2022"/>

=== 2017 ===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2017 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Legislative Assembly Election, 2017]]: Karanj<ref name=election2017>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3841-gujarat-general-legislative-election-2017/ |title=Gujarat General Legislative Election 2017 |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date= 11 July 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|

|candidate = [[Pravin Ghoghari]]
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes =
|percentage =
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=[[None of the Above]]|party=None of the above|votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box majority||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=|percentage=|change=}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{Election box begin | title=[[2012 Gujarat Legislative Assembly election|Gujarat Assembly Election, 2012]]}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2012 to the Legislative Assembly of Gujarat |access-date=29 October 2014 |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126215052/http://ceo.gujarat.gov.in/download/Detail_Report_AC2012.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Janakbhai Kachhadiya
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|votes = 65696
|percentage = 55.52
|change =
}}{{Election box candidate with party link|
|candidate = Jaysukhbhai Zalavadiya
|party = Indian National Congress
|votes = 16257
|percentage = 17.44
|change =
}}

{{Election box majority|
|votes = 49439
|percentage = 53.05
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 93192
|percentage = 64.64
|change =
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|swing =
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[List of constituencies of Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]
* [[Gujarat Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{cite web |title=Results of Gujarat Assembly Elections |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/category/72-gujarat/ |website=eci.gov.in |publisher=Election Commission of India |access-date=15 March 2022}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Gujarat|state=expanded}}
{{Gujarat elections|state=collapsed}}

{{coord|21.37|73.01|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surat]]
[[Category:2008 establishments in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Surat district]]
[[Category:Politics of Gujarat]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 2008]]

Surada Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T17:48:45Z

KobyQ0272234: adding post.

{{Short description|Assembly constituency in Odisha}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Surada}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Surada
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 129
| type = SLA
| map_image = 129-Surada.svg
| map_caption = Surada Assembly constituency in [[Ganjam district]]
| map_alt =
| division = Southern Division
| district = [[Ganjam district|Ganjam]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Aska (Lok Sabha constituency)|Aska]]
| established = 1952
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Nilamani Bisoyi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,35,622{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}
'''Surada''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Ganjam district]], [[Odisha]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=129 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140224211333/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=129 |url-status= usurped |archive-date= 24 February 2014 |title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote=Constituency: Surada (129) District : Ganjam |accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref>

Area of this constituency includes [[Surada|Surada NAC]], [[Belaguntha|Belaguntha NAC]], Surada Block and Belaguntha Block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp67.htm|title= 67 - Surada Assembly Constituency|work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 27 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|54.71}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|50.29}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|49.25}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|40.41}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|56.94}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|50.17}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}|31.77}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|57.41}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|55.15}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|46.41}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|56.52}}
}}

Since its formation in 1952, 17 elections were held till date.

List of members elected from Surada constituency are:<ref name=prevMLAs>{{cite web|url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual - 2011 - List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly - (1951–2004) |access-date=6 October 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Surada Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/surada.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surada Elections Results 2014, Current MLA, Candidate List of Assembly Elections in Surada, Orissa |url=https://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/surada.html |access-date= |website=Elections in India}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Party
|-
! colspan="4"| {{center|''As Russelkonda Constituency''}}
|-
| [[1952 Orissa Legislative Assembly election|1952]]
| Dinabandhu Behera
| {{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
! colspan="4"| {{center|''As Surada constituency''}}
|-
| [[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]
| [[Biju Patnaik]]
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
| Arjun Naik
|-
| [[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
| rowspan="2" | [[Ananta Narayan Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Swatantra Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|-
| [[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| Sarat Chandra Panda
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
| [[Ananta Narayan Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
| Gantayat Swain
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
| [[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| Sarat Chandra Panda
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
| Shanti Devi
| {{Full party name with color|Janata Dal}}
|-
| [[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
| [[Ananta Narayan Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
| Usha Rani Panda
| {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
| [[Kishore Chandra Singh Deo]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|-
| [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":0" />
| rowspan="3" | [[Purna Chandra Swain]]
| {{Full party name with color|Biju Janata Dal|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
| [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019" />
|-
| [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Surada Assembly Election Results 2024: Surada Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/surada-constituency-result-18129 |access-date=2025-06-24 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Nilamani Bisoyi]]
| {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party}}
|}

==Election results==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 20th May 2024 in 2nd phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 5th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4th June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Nilamani Bisoyi]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate Sanghamitra Swain by a margin of 28,224 votes.<ref name=":2" />

{{Election box begin
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Odisha Vidhan Sabha Election]],Surada}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nilamani Bisoyi]]
|votes = 83,625
|percentage = 54.71
|change = {{up}}13.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = Sanghamitra Swain
|votes = 55,401
|percentage = 36.25
|change = {{down}}14.04
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Hari Krishna Rath
|votes = 7,478
|percentage = 4.89
|change = {{up}}0.10
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,488
|percentage = 1.63
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 28,224
|percentage = 18.46
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,52,847
|percentage = 64.87
|change =
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Bharatiya Janata Party
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Swain]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate [[Nilamani Bisoyi]] by a margin of 13,996 votes.<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>

{{Election box begin | title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: Surada<ref name="SP Ass Cand">{{cite web |title=List of Contesting Candidates(Phase-II) (AC) |url=http://www.ceoorissa.nic.in/docs/Election/2019/Form7A/Phase2/List%20of%20Contesting%20Candidates%20%282nd%20Phase-AC%20Wise%29.pdf |website=ceoorissa.nic.in |publisher=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Odisha |accessdate=17 April 2019}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Swain]]
|votes = 76,501
|percentage = 50.29
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = [[Nilamani Bisoyi]]
|votes = 62,505
|percentage = 41.09
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Sangram Keshari Mohanty
|votes = 7,293
|percentage = 4.79
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,885
|percentage = 1.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 13,996
|percentage = 9.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,52,132
|percentage = 67.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Swain]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Basanta Kumar Bisoyi by a margin of 16,000 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=20 June 2014|archive-date=18 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
| title=[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Surada<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Surada|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS18129.htm?ac=129|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=20 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Surada (129)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=129|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140620123320/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=129|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 June 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=20 June 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Swain]]
|votes = 67,546
|percentage = 49.25
|change = {{up}}8.84
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Basanta Kumar Bisoyi
|votes = 51,546
|percentage = 37.58
|change = {{up}}27.77
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Bhagabana Panda
|votes = 9,270
|percentage = 6.76
|change = {{down}}0.53
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 2,745
|percentage = 2.0
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 16,000
|percentage = 11.67
|change = {{up}}7.93
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,37,148
|percentage = 66.66
|change = {{up}}8.95
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 2,05,743
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In 2009 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Purna Chandra Swain]] defeated [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate [[Nilamani Bisoyi]] by a margin of 4,011 votes.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=4011 |accessdate=21 April 2013 |archive-date=27 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Surada<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the Legislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Purna Chandra Swain]]
|votes = 43,299
|percentage = 40.41
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate minor party|
|party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
|candidate = Nilamani Bisoyi
|votes = 39,288
|percentage = 36.66
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Syed Mubarak
|votes = 10,517
|percentage = 9.81
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Barat Dandpani Patro
|votes = 7,811
|percentage = 7.29
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 4,011
|percentage = 3.74{{efn|% of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,07,182
|percentage = 57.71
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
|loser = Bharatiya Janata Party
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ganjam district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coords|19.76|84.43|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Politics of Ganjam district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1957]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Orissa]]

Selsella Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:36:34Z

KobyQ0272234: adding new details

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Meghalaya State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Selsella
| state = [[Meghalaya]]
| district = [[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Tura Lok Sabha constituency|Tura]]
| established = 1972
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| map_image = Selsella Assembly constituency map.svg
| constituency_no = 48
| mla = [[Arbinstone Marak|Arbinstone B. Marak]]
| party = {{Party index link|National People's Party (India)}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:36217}}<ref name=election2023>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14873-meghalayaexcluding-ac-23/ |title=Meghalaya General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |website=eci.gov.in|access-date=11 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|05}}
}}
'''Selsella''' is one of the 60 [[Meghalaya Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Meghalaya]] state in [[India]].<ref name=ceomap>{{cite web |url=http://www.ceomeghalaya.nic.in/gis-map/00-pc-map-meghalaya.pdf |title=Map of Meghalaya Parliamentary Constituencies |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |accessdate= 30 January 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[West Garo Hills district|West Garo Hills]] district and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It falls under [[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)|Tura Lok Sabha constituency]]<ref name="election">{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/east-selsella.html |title= Selsella (Meghalaya) Assembly Constituency Elections |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=23 June 2019}}</ref> and its current MLA is [[Arbinstone Marak|Arbinstone B. Marak]] of [[National People's Party (India)|National People's Party]].<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.elections.in/meghalaya/assembly-constituencies/2018-election-results.html |title=Meghalaya Assembly Election 2018 Result |work=elections.in |date= |accessdate=23 June 2019}}</ref><ref>[http://www.theshillongtimes.com/2017/06/10/another-bureaucrat-resigns-to-join-politics/ Another bureaucrat resigns to join politics]</ref><ref>[http://newsonair.nic.in/Main-News-Details.aspx?id=364102 Ferlin CA Sangma sworn in as member of Legislative Assembly]</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Election
! Member
! colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1978]] || Girash Marak || {{Full party name with color|All Party Hill Leaders Conference}}
|-
| [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1983]] || rowspan=3 | Atul C. Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1988]]
|-
| [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || rowspan=2 | Cyprian R. Sangma || {{Full party name with color|People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya)}}
|-
| [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2005 elections in India#Meghalaya|2005 By-election]] || Clement Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || [[Conrad Sangma]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Congress Party}}
|-
| [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2013]] || rowspan=2 | Clement Marak || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2018]]
|-
| [[2019 elections in India#Meghalaya|2019 By-election]] || [[Ferlin C. A. Sangma]] || {{Full party name with color|National People's Party (India)|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || [[Arbinstone Marak]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2023===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]] |title=General Election to Vidhna Sabha Trends & Result MArch - 2023 |url=https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302144159/https://results.eci.gov.in/ResultAcGenMar2023/ConstituencywiseS157.htm?ac=7 |archive-date=2 March 2023 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=results.eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Arbinstone Marak]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=16,595 |percentage=50.13% |change={{decrease}}4.77 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Agassi R. Marak |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=7,854 |percentage=23.72% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ferlin C. A. Sangma]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=6,954 |percentage=21.01% |change={{increase}}17.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Reynold M Sangma |party=Indian National Congress |votes=1,184 |percentage=3.58% |change={{decrease}}36.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tengsrang Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=206 |percentage=0.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=179 |percentage=0.54% |change={{increase}}0.11 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=8,741 |percentage=26.40% |change= {{increase}}11.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,106 |percentage=91.41% |change= {{increase}}0.34 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,217 |ref = |change= {{increase}}14.19 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=National People's Party (India) |swing= {{decrease}}4.77 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2019===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2019 elections in India#Meghalaya|2019 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/statistical-report/detailed-bye-election-results/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date = 1 January 2025 |title=Bye-Election Results - Election Commission of India |publisher=Election Commission Of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ferlin C. A. Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=15,857 |percentage=54.90% |change={{increase}}23.04 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=June Eliana R. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,461 |percentage=39.68% |change={{decrease}}4.88 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Adorsho Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,021 |percentage=3.53% |change={{decrease}}4.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sayeedullah Nongrum |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=547 |percentage=1.89% |change={{increase}}1.46 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=124 |percentage=0.43% |change={{increase}}0.03 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,396 |percentage=15.22% |change= {{increase}}2.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,886 |percentage=91.05% |change= {{decrease}}2.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,717 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.35 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=National People's Party (India) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}10.34 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2018===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]] |title=Form 20 - Polling Station Wise Result Sheet of General Election 2018 to the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208162439/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2018/form20.html |archive-date=8 February 2024 |access-date=4 January 2025 |website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,619 |percentage=44.56% |change={{decrease}}5.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ferlin C. A. Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,022 |percentage=31.86% |change={{decrease}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dilliram G. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=3,296 |percentage=11.64% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Promod Koch |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=2,367 |percentage=8.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Biplab A. Marak |party=All India Trinamool Congress |votes=276 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Droming Ch. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=276 |percentage=0.97% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Chris Kabul A. Sangma |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=124 |percentage=0.44% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=113 |percentage=0.40% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,597 |percentage=12.70% |change= {{increase}}3.93 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,321 |percentage=93.18% |change= {{increase}}0.56 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,394 |ref = |change= {{increase}}17.14 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}5.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2013===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=Election Commission of India- State Election, 2013 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021738/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/electionconducted/mla2013/10-Reports/10-detailed-results.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=12,004 |percentage=49.95% |change={{increase}}17.82 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Conrad Sangma]] |party=National People's Party (India) |votes=9,897 |percentage=41.19% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Promod Koch |party=Samajwadi Party |votes=1,015 |percentage=4.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lalthantluanga D. Shira |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=571 |percentage=2.38% |change={{decrease}}40.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=543 |percentage=2.26% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,107 |percentage=8.77% |change= {{decrease}}1.76 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=24,030 |percentage=92.62% |change= {{decrease}}0.06 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 25,946 |ref = |change= {{increase}}81.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{increase}}7.29 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2008===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2008 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104021122/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2008-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Conrad Sangma]] |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=5,648 |percentage=42.66% |change={{increase}}19.62 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,254 |percentage=32.13% |change={{increase}}7.45 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moses Ch Sangma |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,333 |percentage=10.07% |change={{decrease}}7.53 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,101 |percentage=8.32% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Crebilson Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=721 |percentage=5.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Arjun Kr. Hajong |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=182 |percentage=1.37% |change={{decrease}}5.94 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,394 |percentage=10.53% |change= {{increase}}8.89 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,239 |percentage=92.68% |change= {{increase}}20.85 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 14,285 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}7.76 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}17.98 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly By-election 2005===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2005 elections in India#Meghalaya|2005 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly by-election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/ByeElection/ByeFeb2005/index.htm |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date = 1 January 2025 |title=Election Statistics - Bye Elections - Jan-Feb 2005 |publisher=Election Commission of India |website=eci.gov.in}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Clement Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,745 |percentage=24.68% |change={{increase}}0.90 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Connad Kongkal Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,563 |percentage=23.04% |change={{decrease}}2.23 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moses Ch. Sangma |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,957 |percentage=17.59% |change={{increase}}7.17 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=1,798 |percentage=16.16% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ananda Koch |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=814 |percentage=7.32% |change={{decrease}}1.99 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Susantho R. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=628 |percentage=5.65% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Simon George S. Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=413 |percentage=3.71% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=182 |percentage=1.64% |change= {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,123 |percentage=71.83% |change= {{decrease}}3.25 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,486 |ref = |change= {{increase}}2.18 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nationalist Congress Party |swing= {{decrease}}0.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=ceomeghalaya.nic.in |publisher=[[Chief Electoral Officer (India)|Chief Electoral Officer]], [[Meghalaya]]|title=General Election to Legislative Assembly, Mar 2003 - Valid Votes Secured |url=https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104020753/https://ceomeghalaya.nic.in/election-history/general-election-to-meghalaya-legislative-assembly/2003-la.pdf |archive-date=4 January 2025|access-date=4 January 2025}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Cyprian R. Sangma |party=Nationalist Congress Party |votes=2,875 |percentage=25.27% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,705 |percentage=23.77% |change={{decrease}}10.41 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Moses Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,644 |percentage=14.45% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Crebilson Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=1,186 |percentage=10.42% |change={{increase}}1.38 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Tairipson A. Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,153 |percentage=10.13% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Irengsing A. Sangma |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,059 |percentage=9.31% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhubani Hajong |party=Independent politician |votes=612 |percentage=5.38% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=170 |percentage=1.49% |change= {{decrease}}6.17 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,378 |percentage=75.07% |change= {{decrease}}0.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 15,156 |ref = |change= {{increase}}9.99 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Congress Party |loser=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |swing= {{decrease}}16.58 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144917/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-MGH98.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Cyprian R. Sangma |party=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |votes=4,333 |percentage=41.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,539 |percentage=34.18% |change={{decrease}}13.80 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dilip Sangma |party=Independent politician |votes=1,382 |percentage=13.35% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Crebilson Marak |party=United Democratic Party (Meghalaya) |votes=936 |percentage=9.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Predingson Marak |party=Garo National Council |votes=164 |percentage=1.58% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=794 |percentage=7.67% |change= {{increase}}3.62 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,354 |percentage=77.68% |change= {{decrease}}8.75 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,779 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.00 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=People's Democratic Movement (Meghalaya) |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}6.13 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144200/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/StatReport_MG_93.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,823 |percentage=47.98% |change={{decrease}}1.10 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Barthar Marak |party=Hill People's Union |votes=4,416 |percentage=43.93% |change={{increase}}2.71 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jarnas Bangshal |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=813 |percentage=8.09% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=407 |percentage=4.05% |change= {{decrease}}3.81 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=10,052 |percentage=85.78% |change= {{increase}}5.24 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,982 |ref = |change= {{increase}}12.41 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1988===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1988 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1988 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324144042/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1988/Statistical%20Report%201988%20Meghlaya.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018 |access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,115 |percentage=49.08% |change={{increase}}6.18 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Jarnas Bangshall |party=Hill People's Union |votes=3,456 |percentage=41.22% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ponditram Koch |party=Independent politician |votes=581 |percentage=6.93% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Pijen Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=86 |percentage=1.03% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=659 |percentage=7.86% |change= {{decrease}}10.58 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=8,384 |percentage=81.84% |change= {{increase}}5.33 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 10,659 |ref = |change= {{increase}}40.34 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}6.18 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1983===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1983 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1983 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025204117/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1983/Statistical%20ReportMeghalaya1983.pdf |archive-date=25 October 2017|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Atul C. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,389 |percentage=42.90% |change={{decrease}}6.14 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Predingson Marak |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=1,362 |percentage=24.46% |change={{decrease}}26.51 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Marquish Marak |party=Hill State People's Democratic Party |votes=1,033 |percentage=18.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nityanarayan Smchang |party=Independent politician |votes=682 |percentage=12.25% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Robert Clive Marak |party=Independent politician |votes=103 |percentage=1.85% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,027 |percentage=18.44% |change= {{increase}}16.52 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=5,569 |percentage=77.17% |change= {{increase}}12.87 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,595 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.84 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |swing= {{decrease}}8.06 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1978===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1978 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1978 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143720/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1978/StatisticalReport%20Meghalaya78%20.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Girash Marak |party=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |votes=2,170 |percentage=50.96% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=William Cecil R. Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,088 |percentage=49.04% |change={{decrease}}27.52 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=82 |percentage=1.93% |change= {{decrease}}60.61 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=4,258 |percentage=66.73% |change= {{increase}}18.86 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 7,043 |ref = |change= {{decrease}}12.04 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=All Party Hill Leaders Conference |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{decrease}}25.59 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Meghalaya Legislative Assembly election]]: Selsella<ref>{{cite web|website=eci.gov.in |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Meghalaya |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324143519/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1972/StatReport_MG_72.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2018|access-date=15 February 2024}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=William Cecil R Marak |party=Indian National Congress |votes=2,550 |percentage=76.55% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rosendra Hajong |party=Communist Party of India |votes=467 |percentage=14.02% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dol Ch Bai Snab |party=Independent politician |votes=314 |percentage=9.43% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,083 |percentage=62.53% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=3,331 |percentage=46.97% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 8,007 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Indian National Congress |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Meghalaya Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Tura (Lok Sabha constituency)]]
*[[West Garo Hills district]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya}}

{{coord|25.68|90.02|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:West Garo Hills district]]
[[Category:Politics of Meghalaya]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1972]]
[[Category:1972 establishments in Meghalaya]]

Dharmasala Assembly constituency

2026-04-14T03:21:35Z

KobyQ0272234: adding first details w/ sources.

{{Short description|Constituency of the Odisha legislative assembly in India}}
{{About| the assembly constituency|its eponymous town|Dharmasala}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| name = Dharmasala
| state = [[Odisha]]
| constituency_no = 51
| type = SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
| division = Central Division
| district = [[Jajpur district|Jajpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Jajpur Lok Sabha constituency|Jajpur]]
| established = 1951
| reservation = None
| incumbent_image =
| mla = [[Himanshu Sekhar Sahoo]]
| party = [[Independent (politician)|Independent]]
| latest_election_year = [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]
| electors = 2,32,166{{efn|as on 2024}}{{efn|as data published by election commission}}
}}

'''Dharmasala''' is a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Vidhan Sabha]] [[List of constituencies of Odisha Vidhan Sabha|constituency]] of [[Jajpur district]], [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=49|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301175240/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=283&cid=49|url-status=usurped|archive-date=1 March 2014|title= Orissa Assembly Election 2009 |work=empoweringindia.org |quote= Constituency: Dharmasala (51) District : Jajpur|accessdate= 1 March 2014}}</ref>

The area of this constituency includes Dharmasala block and 9 [[Gram panchayat|GP]]s (Odiso, Kalana, Singhpur, Sribantapur, Jabara, Nathuabar, Rahamba, Barabati and Rasulpur) of Rasulpur block.<ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/Final_Publications/Orissa/orissa.pdf Assembly Constituencies and their Extent]</ref><ref>[http://eci.nic.in/delim/paper1to7/Orissa.xls Seats of Odisha]</ref>

==Elected members==

{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S18/partycomp26.htm|title= 26 - Dharamsala Assembly Constituency |work=eci.nic.in |year=2006 |quote=List Of Winning Candidates |accessdate= 2 March 2014}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|2024|{{party color|Independent}}|42.88}}
{{bar percent|2019|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|58.61}}
{{bar percent|2014|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|68.6}}
{{bar percent|2009|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|58.25}}
{{bar percent|2004|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|56.65}}
{{bar percent|2000|{{party color|Biju Janata Dal}}|47.82}}
{{bar percent|1995|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|48.91}}
{{bar percent|1990|{{party color|Janata Dal}}|59.48}}
{{bar percent|1985|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|48.59}}
{{bar percent|1980|{{party color|Indian National Congress (I)}}|28.68}}
{{bar percent|1977|{{party color|Janata Party}}|53.18}}
}}

Since its formation in 1951, 18 elections were held till date. Dharmasala was a 2-member constituency for 1957.

List of members elected from Dharmasala constituency are:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |title=Odisha Reference Annual – 2011: List of Members of Odisha Legislative Assembly (1951–2004) |accessdate=2014-02-20 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217121136/http://orissa.gov.in/e-magazine/orissaannualreference/ORA-2011/pdf/453-501.pdf |archivedate=2013-12-17 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Dharamsala Assembly Constituency, Orissa|url=http://www.elections.in/orissa/assembly-constituencies/dharamsala.html|publisher=Compare Infobase Limited|accessdate= 2 March 2014}}</ref>

{|class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|[[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Dharmasala Assembly Election Results 2024: Dharmasala Election Candidates List, Election Date, Vote Share - IndiaToday |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/assembly/odisha/dharmasala-constituency-result-18051 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|[[Himanshu Sekhar Sahoo]]
|{{full party name with color|Independent}}
|-
|[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]]<ref name="election2019">{{cite web |title=State Election, 2019 to the Legislative Assembly of Odisha |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/11679-odisha-legislative-assembly-election-2019/ |url-access=limited |access-date=7 October 2021 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]}}</ref>
| rowspan="2" |[[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=5|Biju Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014]]<ref name=":1" />
|-
|[[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009]]<ref name=":2" />
| rowspan="4" |[[Kalpataru Das]]
|-
|[[2004 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2004]]
|-
|[[2000 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2000]]
|-
|[[1995 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1995]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Janata Dal}}
|-
|[[1990 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1990]]
|Gurucharan Tikayat
|-
|[[1985 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
| rowspan="2" |Kangali Charan Panda
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1980 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1980]]
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress (I)|dab=yes}}
|-
|[[1977 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1977]]
|Rabi Dash
|{{full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
|[[1974 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1974]]
| rowspan="2" |Banka Behari Das
|{{full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|[[1971 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1971]]
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=2|Praja Socialist Party}}
|-
|[[1967 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1967]]
|Paramananda Mohanty
|-
|[[1961 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1961]]
|Gadadhar Dutta
|{{full party name with color|rowspan=3|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[1957 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1957]]{{efn|It was a 2 member constituency}}
|Mayadhar Singh
|-
|Madan Mohan Patnaik
|-
|[[1951 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|1951]]
|Paramananda Mohanty
|{{full party name with color|Socialist Party}}
|}

== Election results ==

=== 2024 ===
Voting were held on 1 June 2024 in 4th phase of Odisha Assembly Election & 7th phase of Indian General Election. Counting of votes was on 4 June 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=General Election to Legislative Assembly of Odisha 2024 |url=https://elections24.eci.gov.in/election-details-odisa.html |website=[[Election Commission of India|ECI]]}}</ref> In 2024 election, [[Independent politician|Independent]] candidate [[Himanshu Sekhar Sahoo]] defeated [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]] by a margin of 4,150 votes.<ref name=":0" />{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2024 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2024 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Dharmasala}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Independent
|candidate = [[Himanshu Sekhar Sahoo]]
|votes = 79,759
|percentage = 42.88
|change = {{up}}42.88
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Biju Janata Dal|candidate=[[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]]|votes=75,609|percentage=40.65|change={{down}}17.96}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Bharatiya Janata Party|candidate=Smruti Rekha Pahi|votes=15,926|percentage=8.56|change={{down}}19.56}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)|candidate=Kedaranath Sahu|votes=8,453|percentage=4.54|change=''N/A''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=Indian National Congress|candidate=Kisan Panda|votes=2,947|percentage=1.58|change={{down}}9.17}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||party=None of the above|candidate=None of the above|votes=666|percentage=0.36|change={{down}}0.07}}
{{Election box majority||votes=4,150|percentage=2.23|change={{down}}28.26}}
{{Election box turnout||votes=1,86,013|percentage=80.12|change=}}
{{Election box gain with party link no swing|
|winner = Independent
|loser = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2019 ===
In 2019 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]] defeated [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] candidate Ramesh Chandra Parida by a margin of 52,739 votes.<ref name="election2019" />

{{Election box begin|
|title=[[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]: Dharmasala<ref name="Assembly Election 2019">{{cite web | title=Election Commission of India | website=Assembly Election 2019 | url=http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1851.htm?ac=51 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20190618095050/http://results.eci.gov.in/ac/en/constituencywise/ConstituencywiseS1851.htm?ac=51 | archive-date=2019-06-18 | access-date=2019-06-18 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="News18 2019 Dharmasala">{{cite web | title=Dharmasala Assembly Election Results 2019 Live: Dharmasala Constituency (Seat) Election Results, Live News. | website=News18 | date=2019-04-29 | url=https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/dharmasala-election-result-s18a051/ | archive-url=https://archive.today/20190618105010/https://www.news18.com/assembly-elections-2019/odisha/dharmasala-election-result-s18a051/ | archive-date=2019-06-18 | access-date=2019-06-18 | url-status=live }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]]
|votes = 1,01,364
|percentage = 58.61
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Parida
|votes = 48,625
|percentage = 28.12
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Smruti Rekha Pahi
|votes = 18,588
|percentage = 10.75
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the Above
|candidate = None of the Above
|votes = 736
|percentage = 0.43
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 52,739
|percentage = 30.49
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 172935
|percentage = 77.16
|change =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
In 2014 election, [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Srinath Mishra by a margin of 85,786 votes.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|title=Constituency Wise odisha Assembly Election result 2014|url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|publisher=Leadtech.in|accessdate=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140818230907/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/2604-constituency-wise-odisha-assembly-election-result.html|archive-date=18 August 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Election box begin|
|title= [[2014 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2014 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Dharmasala<ref>{{cite web|title=Odisha - Dharmasala|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/AC/ConstituencywiseS1851.htm?ac=51|publisher=Election Commission of India|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Orissa Assembly Election 2014 Constituency: Dharmasala (51)|url=http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=51|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819212237/http://www.empoweringindia.org/new/constituency.aspx?eid=998&cid=51|url-status=usurped|archive-date=19 August 2014|publisher=EmpoweringIndia.org|accessdate=19 August 2014}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Pranab Kumar Balabantaray]]
|votes = 1,09,241
|percentage = 68.6
|change = 10.35
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Srinath Mishra
|votes = 23,455
|percentage = 14.73
|change = 17.9
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Parida
|votes = 19,940
|percentage = 12.52
|change = 8.62
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = None of the above
|candidate = None of the above
|votes = 1,185
|percentage = 0.74
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 85,786
|percentage = 53.87
|change = 28.24
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,59,251
|percentage = 82.25
|change = 8.16
}}
{{Election box Registered electors
|reg. electors = 1,93,608
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2009 ===
In [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 election]], [[Biju Janata Dal]] candidate [[Kalpataru Das]] defeated [[Indian National Congress]] candidate Kangali Charan Panda by a margin of 35,133 votes.<ref name=":2">{{cite web |url=http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |title=Orissa Election Result 2009 With Vote Margin |work=leadtech.in |quote=35133 |accessdate=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527163949/http://leadtech.in/infoelection/index.php/odisha/431-odisha-election-result-2009-votemargin.html |archive-date=27 May 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{Election box begin |
|title= [[2009 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2009 Vidhan Sabha Election]], Dharmasala<ref name=election2009>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3630-orissa-2009/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 2009 to the LEgislative Assembly of Orissa |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 October 2021}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Biju Janata Dal
|candidate = [[Kalpataru Das]]
|votes = 79,867
|percentage = 58.25
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Indian National Congress
|candidate = Kangali Charan Panda
|votes = 44,734
|percentage = 32.63
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Bharatiya Janata Party
|candidate = Ramesh Chandra Parida
|votes = 5,341
|percentage = 3.90
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 35,133
|percentage = 25.63{{efn|%of total valid votes}}
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 1,37,126
|percentage = 74.09
|change = ''-''
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Biju Janata Dal
}}
{{Election box end}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Jajpur district}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Odisha|state=expanded}}
{{coord|20.77|86.15|display=title}}

[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Odisha]]
[[Category:Jajpur district]]
[[Category:Politics of Odisha]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1951]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Orissa]]

Ghulam Nabi Ratanpuri

2026-04-07T13:38:21Z

KobyQ0272234: adding basic entry and citations.

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Fan POV|date=November 2020}}
{{BLP sources|date=November 2020}}
}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| constituency = [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]
| term_start = 2009
| term_end = 2015
| name = Ghulam Nabi Wani Ratanpuri
| image = G n ratanpuri1.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|04|05|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Ratnipora]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[India]]
| known_for =
| occupation = Politician
| footnotes =
| party = [[Jammu and Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]]
}}

'''Ghulam Nabi Ratanpuri''' is a politician in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], India.

== Early life ==
He was born on 5 April 1954 in [[Ratnipora]] of [[Pulwama district|Pulwama District]], [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Ratanpuri belongs to the [[Wani (surname)|Wani]] caste. He received his early schooling from a local school and then graduated from the [[University of Kashmir]] in the year 1976. After graduation Ratanpuri joined the Urdu Newspaper [[AFTAAB|Daily Aftaab]] as Assistant Editor and continued to work with the paper until 1979. In year 1979 at a young age he was appointed as the editor of the [[NAWA-E-SUBH|Nawa-e-Subh]] which was published by the then ruling party [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]]. Working at the Nawa-e-Subh was instrumental for Ratanpuri in developing acquaintance with then Chief Minister [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]]. He joined [[All India Radio]] at [[Srinagar]] in the year 1981 after being selected by the [[Union Public Service Commission]] as a Programme Officer, but continued to work for Nawa-e-Subh until the death of [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]]. By the year 2000 he had become one of the renowned interviewers in the State of J&K.

== Political career ==

Ratanpuri had campaigned for [[Omar Abdullah]] in the [[Lok Sabha]] in 2004. In 2008 [[Omar Abdullah]] asked him to contest elections from his party, [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]], to which he agreed. Consequently, he had to seek premature retirement in order to contest the Assembly Elections. In his political debut the result of the election was not in his favour and he lost the election by a huge margin to [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party]] candidate [[Mohammad Khalil Bandh]]. Even though unsuccessful in the assembly elections but due to his stature, his then party JKNC in July 2009 nominated him to be the member of [[Rajya Sabha]], to which he was elected in August 2009. As a [[Member of Parliament (India)]] he was the member of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Labour, Parliamentary Forum on Children and the Parliamentary Consultative Committee for HRD Ministry. Before his resignation from [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference]] he was the vice president for the party from South Kashmir.

==2014 Legislative Assembly elections==
Ratanpuri again lost the state legislative assembly elections in 2014 to Mohd Khalil Bandh. Though again unsuccessful the loss was less disappointing than the previous one as this time he had lost by only a margin of 1032 votes (3.45% of the valid votes).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |title=Jammu & Kashmir 2014 - Jammu & Kashmir - Election Commission of India |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722031015/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/3797-jammu-kashmir-2014/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Resignation ==
Following the development in which the Ex MLA of [[Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party|JKPDP]] from [[Pulwama]] Mohd. Khalil Bandh]] joined [[Jammu & Kashmir National Conference|JKNC]], Ratanpuri resigned from the JKNC after a period of 10 years, citing the differences he had developed with the party high command, especially the incumbent vice president of the party [[Omar Abdullah]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

==Controversies==
Ratanpuri made headlines in the State of J&K during the [[2010 Kashmir unrest]] . He openly opposed the policies of his government and criticised [[Omar Abdullah]], Chief Minister of the State. This led to the creation of differences between [[Ratanpuri]] and [[Omar Abdullah]].

Ratanpuri also came into limelight involving a controversy in his home constituency. The incident that caused the controversy was narrated by aide of Ratanpuri as follows. "The Superintendent of Police at Pulwama misbehaved with Ratanpuri and Ratanpuri was all fire against his party for not taking any action against the Police Officer concerned. The indifference of his Government forced Ratanpuri forced him to file a Breach of Privilege Motion against the Police Officer before the [[Privileges Committee]] of the [[Rajya Sabha]]. During the proceedings of the Privilege Committee, the [[Director General of Police]] J&K and the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] were called in person to New Delhi, and the proceedings finally culminated into tendering of an unconditional apology by the [[Director General of Police]] J&K, the [[Chief Secretary (India)|Chief Secretary]] and the Superintendent of Police at Pulwama."

Though a member of mainstream political party Ratanpuri in March 2013 met the Hurriyat Leader, [[Syed Ali Shah Geelani]] at his New Delhi residence, where Geelani was under continuous detention for weeks together. According to Ratanpuri he was instrumental in release of the Veteran Hurriyat Leader from house arrest after he met the Union Home Minister S. K. Shinde and Union Health Minister [[Ghulam Nabi Azad]] and demanded Geelani's release. Geelani was released with 24 hours after Ratanpuri's meet with the two Union Ministers.

Ratanpuri again grabbed the headlines in Newspapers in the valley after he called the founder of his party, [[Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah]] a man of Flaws, Failures and Fallacies. This did not go well within the party and a war of words started between Ratanpuri and [[Sheikh Mustafa Kamal]], son of Sheikh Abdullah. However, the Ruling National Conference remained silent on the issue and did not state anything in public.
He is the first Member of Parliament from the State of J&K to have Filed a Privilege Motion against the Public Functionaries of the state, raised the Kashmir Dispute on the Floor of the Indian Parliament, disrupted the address of the President of India to both houses of the Parliament and raised the issue of hanging of [[Afzal Guru]].

After the hanging of [[Afzal Guru]], Ratanpuri often criticised his Governments inactions and wrong policies, thereby turning him into an outcast in his own party. Though his actions were widely appreciated by the Civil Society of Kashmir and people at large but things were not well within his party.

Due to his continuous criticism of his own party policies and members, the then Chief Minister from his own party, [[Omar Abdullah]] asked him to leave the party. To these comments of [[Omar Abdullah]] Ratanpuri did not make a reply in public. Consequently, his party took no action for his removal and the matter subsided.
[[File:BLACK PLACARDS.JPG|thumb|Placards demanding return of the mortal remains of Afzal Guru and Maqbool Bhat]]

Ratanpuri was very vocal in the Parliament with regard to the Kashmir issue. During the Joint session of the [[Parliament]] in early 2013, Ratanpuri rose to disrupt the address of the [[President of India]] holding black placards in both hands, demanding return of the mortal remains of [[Mohammad Maqbool Bhat]] and [[Afzal Guru]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2114 |title=Detailed Profile: Shri G. N. Ratanpuri |publisher=Rajya Saba |access-date=2011-01-31 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505222346/http://india.gov.in/govt/rajyasabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=2114 |archive-date= 5 May 2012 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Mar/1/sheikh-was-man-of-flaws-failures-fallacies-ratanpuri-50.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529040424/http://greaterkashmir.com/news/2013/Mar/1/sheikh-was-man-of-flaws-failures-fallacies-ratanpuri-50.asp |archive-date=29 May 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://164.100.47.5/newmembers/Website/Main.aspx |title=Members Page }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ratanpuri, Ghulam Nabi}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1954 births]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir]]
[[Category:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference politicians]]
[[Category:People from Pulwama district]]
[[Category:University of Kashmir alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]

Fishing cat

2026-04-02T13:47:41Z

KobyQ0272234: added page based on references as per guidelines

{{Short description|Small wild cat}}
{{Distinguish|text=the [[fisher (animal)]], a mustelid sometimes called a "fisher cat"; nor the [[Van cat]], a landrace of domestic cat nicknamed the "swimming cat"}}
{{Good article}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Prionailurus_viverrinus_01.jpg
| image_alt = A fishing cat laying on a large rocky surface
| image_caption = At [[Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden]], Ohio
| status = VU
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |author=Mukherjee, S. |author2=Appel, A. |author3=Adhya, T. |author4=Aziz, M.A. |author5=Borah, J. |author6=Chakraborty, S. |author7=Dey, A. |author8=Herranz Muñoz, V. |author9=Kantimahanti, M. |author10=Kittle, A. |author11=Mahar, J.A. |author12=Mishra, R. |author13=Naing Lin, Ngoprasert, D. |author14=Phosri, K. |author15=Qureshi, Q. |author16=Rana, D. |author17=Ratnayaka, A. |author18=Tantipisanuh, N. |author19=Watson, A.C. |year=2025 |title=''Prionailurus viverrinus'' |article-number=e.T18150A268618387 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-1.RLTS.T18150A268618387.en |language=en}}</ref>
| status2 = CITES_A2
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| genus = Prionailurus
| species = viverrinus
| authority = ([[Edward Turner Bennett|Bennett]], 1833)
| range_map =FishingCat_distribution.jpg
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the fishing cat as of 2016<ref name=iucn />
}}

The '''fishing cat''' ('''''Prionailurus viverrinus''''') is a medium-sized wild [[felidae|cat]] of [[South Asia|South]] and [[Southeast Asia]]. It has a deep yellowish-grey fur with black lines and spots. Adults have a head-to-body length of {{cvt|57|to|78|cm}}, with a {{cvt|20|to|30|cm|0}} long tail. Males are larger than females, weighing {{cvt|8|to|17|kg}}, while females average {{cvt|5|to|9|kg}}. It lives mostly in the vicinity of [[wetland]]s, along [[river]]s, [[stream]]s, [[oxbow lake]]s, in [[swamp]]s and [[mangrove]]s where it preys mostly on fish. Other prey items include [[bird]]s, [[insect]]s, small [[rodent]]s, [[mollusc]]s, [[reptile]]s including [[snake]]s, [[amphibian]]s and [[carrion]] of [[cattle]]. The fishing cat is thought to be primarily nocturnal. It is a good swimmer and can swim long distances, even underwater.

The fishing cat has been listed as a [[vulnerable species]] on the [[IUCN Red List]] since 2016, as the global population is thought to have declined by about 30% in the past three fishing cat generations during the period 2010–2015. The destruction of wetlands and killing by local people are the major threats throughout its range.

== Taxonomy ==
''Felis viverrinus'' was proposed by [[Edward Turner Bennett]] in 1833, who [[Scientific description|described]] a cat skin sent from India by [[Josiah Marshall Heath]].<ref name="Bennett1833">{{cite journal |last1=Bennett |first1=E. T. |year=1833 |title=Characters of a New Species of Cat (Felis, Linn.) from the Continent of India, presented by J. M. Heath, Esq. |url=http://www.archive.org/stream/lietuvostsrmoksl33liet#page/n81/mode/2up |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=Part I |pages=68–69 }}</ref> The genus name ''[[Prionailurus]]'' was proposed by [[Nikolai Severtzov]] in 1858 for spotted wild cats native to Asia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Severtzow |first1=M. N. |year=1858 |title=Notice sur la classification multisériale des Carnivores, spécialement des Félidés, et les études de zoologie générale qui s'y rattachent |journal=Revue et Magasin de Zoologie Pure et Appliquée |volume=X |pages=385–396 |url=https://archive.org/stream/revueetmagasinde10soci#page/386/mode/2up |language=fr }}</ref> A subspecies ''Felis viverrinus rhizophoreus'' was proposed in 1936 by [[Henri Jacob Victor Sody]], who described a specimen from the north coast of [[West Java]] that had a slightly shorter skull than fishing cat specimens from Thailand.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sody |first1=H. J. V. |year=1936 |title=Seventeen generic, specific and subspecific names for Dutch East Indian mammals |journal=Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië |volume=96 |pages=42−55 }}</ref> There is evidence that the nominate taxon and the Javan fishing cat are distinguishable by skull morphometrics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jusoh |first1=W. F. A. |last2=Chua |first2=M. A. H. |last3=Bakker |first3=P. A. J. |last4=Kamminga |first4=P. |last5=Weiler |first5=D. |last6=Rookmaaker |first6=K. |last7=Low |first7=M. E. Y. |name-list-style=amp |date=2022 |title=A historical specimen of the Fishing Cat, ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora, Felidae) from Singapore in the zoological collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden |url=https://zse.pensoft.net/article/76940/ |journal=Zoosystematics and Evolution |volume=98 |issue=1 |pages=43–53 |doi=10.3897/zse.98.76940 |s2cid=246172906 |doi-access=free |access-date=22 July 2022 |archive-date=22 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220722144241/https://zse.pensoft.net/article/76940/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Phylogeny ===
[[Phylogenetic]] analysis of the [[nuclear DNA]] in tissue samples from all Felidae species revealed that the [[evolutionary radiation]] of the Felidae began in Asia in the [[Miocene]] around {{mya|14.45|8.38}}.<ref name=Johnson2006>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=W. E. |last2=Eizirik |first2=E. |last3=Pecon-Slattery |first3=J. |last4=Murphy |first4=W. J. |author5=Antunes, A. |author6=Teeling, E. |author7=O'Brien, S. J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |title=The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=311 |issue=5757 |pages=73–77 |doi=10.1126/science.1122277 |pmid=16400146 |bibcode=2006Sci...311...73J |s2cid=41672825 }}</ref><ref name=Werdelin2010>{{cite book |last1=Werdelin |first1=L. |last2=Yamaguchi |first2=N. |last3=Johnson |first3=W. E. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae) |year=2010 |pages=59–82 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755142 |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor1-first=D. W. |editor2-last=Loveridge |editor2-first=A. J. |title=Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-923445-5 |access-date=30 April 2020 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925141956/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755142 |url-status=live }}</ref> Analysis of [[mitochondrial DNA]] of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at around {{mya|16.76|6.46}}.<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |author=Li, G. |author2=Davis, B. W. |author3=Eizirik, E. |name-list-style=amp |author4=Murphy, W. J. |year=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742 }}</ref>

The ''Prionailurus'' species are estimated to have had a [[common ancestor]] between {{mya|8.16|4.53}},<ref name=Johnson2006/> and {{mya|8.76|0.73}}.<ref name=Li_al2016/>
Both models agree in the [[rusty-spotted cat]] (''P. rubiginosus'') having been the first cat of the ''Prionailurus'' [[Lineage (genetic)|lineage]] that [[Genetic divergence|genetically diverged]], followed by the [[flat-headed cat]] (''P. planiceps'') and then the fishing cat.<ref name=Johnson2006/><ref name=Li_al2016/> It is estimated to have diverged together with the [[leopard cat]] (''P. bengalensis'') between {{mya|4.31|1.74}}<ref name=Johnson2006/> and {{mya|4.25|0.02}}.<ref name=Li_al2016/>
The following [[cladogram]] shows the phylogenetic relationships of the fishing cat as derived through analysis of nuclear DNA:<ref name=Johnson2006/><ref name=Werdelin2010/>
{{cladogram |align=left |style=font-size:90%;line-height:100%;width:500px;
|cladogram={{clade |label1=[[Felidae]]
|1={{clade |label1=[[Felinae]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade |label1=''Prionailurus''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=Leopard cat
|2='''Fishing cat''' }}
|2=Flat-headed cat }}
|2=Rusty-spotted cat }} }}
|2=[[Pallas's cat]] (''O. manul'') |label2=''Otocolobus''}} }}
|2=other lineages }}
|2=[[Pantherinae]] }} }} }}
{{clear}}

== Characteristics ==
[[File:Prionailurus viverrinus in Smithsonian National Zoological Park (2689196827).jpg|thumb|alt=A fishing cat showing off its teeth. Four fairly sized canine teeth are visible, along with premolars, molars, carnassials and other teeth.|A fishing cat at the [[National Zoological Park (United States)|National Zoological Park]]]]
The fishing cat has a deep yellowish-grey [[fur]] with black lines and spots. Two stripes are on the cheeks, and two are above the eyes running to the neck with broken lines on the forehead. It has two rows of spots around the throat. The spots on the shoulder are longitudinal, and those on the sides, limbs and tail are roundish.<ref name=Bennett1833/> The background colour of its fur varies between individuals from yellowish tawny to ashy grey, and the size of the stripes ranges from narrow to broad. The fur on the belly is lighter than on the back and sides. The short and rounded ears are set low on the head, and the back of the ears bear a white spot. The tail is short, less than half the length of head and body, and with a few black rings at the end.<ref name=Pocock1939>{{cite book |author=Pocock, R. I. |year=1939 |chapter=''Prionailurus'' |pages=266–284 |title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma |volume=((Mammalia. Vol. 1. Primates and Carnivora)) |publisher=Taylor and Francis, Ltd. |location=London |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia1/pocock1#page/n357/mode/2up}}</ref> The short dense layered fur is thought to be an aquatic adaptation providing a water barrier and thermal insulation, while another layer of protruding long guard hairs provides its pattern and glossy sheen.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fishing Cat |url=http://wildcatconservation.org/wild-cats/asia/fishing-cat/ |work=The International Society for Endangered Cats Canada |date=2012 |access-date=25 May 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716194221/https://wildcatconservation.org/wild-cats/asia/fishing-cat/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The fishing cat is the largest cat of the ''Prionailurus''.<ref name=Pocock1939/> It is stocky and muscular with a head-to-body length ranging from {{cvt|57|to|78|cm}}, a tail length of {{cvt|20|to|30|cm|0}} and medium to short legs. Females weigh {{cvt|5|to|9|kg}} and males {{cvt|8|to|17|kg}}, showing pronounced [[sexual dimorphism]].<ref name=WCoW/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Santymire |first1=R.M. |last2=Brown |first2=J.L. |last3=Stewart |first3=R.A. |last4=Santymire |first4=R.C. |last5=Wildt |first5=D.E. |last6=Howard |first6=J. |date=2011 |title=Reproductive gonadal steroidogenic activity in the fishing cat (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') assessed by fecal steroid analyses |journal=Animal Reproduction Science |volume=128 |issue=1–4 |pages=60–72 |doi=10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.09.001 |pmid=21975304}}</ref> Its skull is elongated, with a basal length of {{cvt|123|-|153|mm}} and a post-orbital width of {{cvt|27|-|31|mm}}.<ref name=Pocock1939/> Its tongue is about {{cvt|12|cm}} long and has large, cylindrical [[lingual papillae|papillae]] near the front.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Emura |first1=S. |last2=Okumura |first2=T. |last3=Chen |first3=H. |date=2014 |title=Morphology of the lingual papillae in the fishing cat |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ofaj/90/4/90_79/_article/-char/ja/ |journal=Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=79–83 |doi=10.2535/ofaj.90.79 |pmid=24815105}}</ref>

Fishing cat paws are partly [[Webbed foot|webbed]], and the claws are incompletely sheathed, only becoming partially covered when fully retracted.<ref name=Pocock1939/> It is about twice the size of a [[domestic cat]].<ref name=WCoW/>

== Distribution and habitat ==
[[File:Fishing_Cat_in_Sundarban,_West_Bengal,_India.jpg|thumb|A fishing cat in the [[Sundarbans]] |alt=A fishing cat in the [[Sundarbans]]. The image also shows a mangrove swamp with short trees]]
[[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 03.jpg|thumb |alt=A fishing cat sitting in a grassy habitat in Nepal at night. Its eyes are shining.|A fishing cat in Nepal]]
The fishing cat is broadly but discontinuously distributed in South and Southeast Asia.<ref name=iucn /> It predominantly inhabits densely vegetated [[wetland]]s around slow-moving bodies of water like [[swamp]]s and [[marsh]]es.<ref name=WCoW/> These include low-[[salinity]] bodies such as [[oxbow lake]]s, and high-salinity ones such as [[tidal creek]]s and [[mangrove forest]]s.<ref name=Nowell96>{{cite book |author1=Nowell, K. |author2=Jackson, P. |name-list-style=amp |year=1996 |chapter=Fishing Cat, ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) |url=http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |title=Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location=Gland, Switzerland |isbn=978-2-8317-0045-8 |pages=74−76 |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-date=29 May 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050529182212/http://carnivoractionplans1.free.fr/wildcats.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Along these bodies of water, it conceals itself within the thick cover of [[forest]]s, [[shrubland]]s, [[reed bed]]s and [[grassland]]s.<ref name=WCoW/> Most records are from lowland areas.<ref name=iucn/>

In Pakistan's Sindh Province, the fishing cat was recorded in the [[Chotiari Dam]] area in 2012.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Islam |first1=S. |last2=Nawaz |first2=R. |last3=Moazzam |first3=M. |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=A survey of Smooth-coated Otter (''Lutrogale perspicillata sindica'') and Fishing Cat (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') in Chotiari Reservoir, Sanghar, Pakistan using camera traps |journal=International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=579–584 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286440744 |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316212528/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286440744_A_Survey_of_Smooth-Coated_Otter_Lutrogale_Perspicillata_Sindica_and_Fishing_Cat_Prionailurus_Viverrinus_in_Chotiari_Reservoir_Sanghar_Pakistan_Using_Camera_Traps |url-status=live}}</ref> In the Nepal [[Terai]], it has been recorded in [[Shuklaphanta National Park|Shuklaphanta]], [[Bardia National Park|Bardia]], [[Chitwan National Park|Chitwan]] and [[Parsa National Park]]s and in [[Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve]].<ref name=Yadav_al2020>{{cite journal |author1=Yadav, B.P. |author2=Appel, A. |author3=Shrestha, B.P. |author4=Dahal, B.R. |name-list-style=amp |author5=M. Dhakal |year=2020 |title=The Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) in Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=12 |issue=16 |pages=17203–17212 |doi=10.11609/jott.6145.12.16.17203-17212 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Yadav, S.K. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Lamichhane, B.R. |author3=Subedi, N. |author4=Dhakal, M. |author5=Thapa, R.K. |author6=Poudyal, L. |author7=Dahal, B.R. |year=2018 |title=Fishing Cat camera trapped in Babai Valley of Bardia National Park, Nepal |journal=Cat News |issue=67 |pages=31–33}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=R. |last2=De Longh |first2=H.H. |last3=Leirs |first3=H. |last4=Lamichhane |first4=B.R. |last5=Subedi |first5=N. |last6=Kolipaka |first6=S.S. |date=2022 |title=Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' distribution and habitat suitability in Nepal |journal=Ecology and Evolution |volume=12 |issue=4 |article-number=e8857 |doi=10.1002/ece3.8857 |pmc=9034449 |pmid=35475187 |bibcode=2022EcoEv..12E8857M}}</ref> In India, its presence has been documented in [[Ranthambore National Park]],<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Sadhu, A. |author2=Reddy, G. V. |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=First evidence of Fishing Cat in the Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, Rajasthan, India |journal=Cat News |issue=58 |pages=36–37}}</ref> in [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve|Pilibhit]],<ref name=Yadav_al2020/> [[Dudhwa Tiger Reserve|Dudhwa]] and [[Valmiki Tiger Reserve]]s,<ref name=iucn/> in [[Sur Sarovar]] Bird Sanctuary,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Prerna, S. |author2=Raj, B. |author3=Sharma, V. |author4=Seshamani, G. |author5=Satayanarayan, K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |title=First record of Fishing Cat in Sur Sarovar Bird Sanctuary, Agra, India |journal=Cat News |issue=63 |pages=19–20}}</ref> outside protected areas in [[West Bengal]],<ref name=Mukherjee_al2012>{{cite journal |last1=Mukherjee |first1=S. |last2=Adhya |first2=T. |last3=Thatte |first3=P. |last4=Ramakrishnan |first4=U. |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |title=Survey of the Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' Bennett, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) and some aspects impacting its conservation in India |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=4 |issue=14 |pages=3355–3361 |doi=10.11609/JoTT.o3199.3355-61 |doi-access=free}}</ref> in [[Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary]] in the [[Sundarbans]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=S. K. |last2=Saha |first2=R. |last3=Mukherjee |first3=S. |last4=Danda |first4=A. A. |last5=Borah |first5=J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2017 |title=First estimates of fishing cat abundance and density in Lothian WS, Sundarbans, India |journal=Cat News |issue=66 |pages=25−27}}</ref> in Odisha's [[Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary]] and coastal districts outside protected areas,<ref name=Palei2018>{{Cite journal |last1=Palei |first1=S.H. |last2=Das |first2=P.U. |last3=Debata |first3=S. |date=2018 |title=The vulnerable fishing cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' in Odisha, eastern India: status and conservation implications |journal=Zoology and Ecology |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=69–74 |doi=10.1080/21658005.2018.1468646 |bibcode=2018ZooEc..28...69S}}</ref> in [[Andhra Pradesh]]'s [[Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary]], [[Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary]] and adjoining reserve forests.<ref>{{cite book |author=Malla, G. |chapter=Ecology and conservation of Fishing Cat in Godavari mangroves of Andhra Pradesh |pages=48–50 |year=2016 |editor=A. Appel |editor2=J. W. Duckworth |title=Proceedings of the First International Fishing Cat Conservation Symposium, 25–29 November 2015, Nepal |chapter-url=http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf |publisher=Fishing Cat Working Group |location=Bad Marienberg, Germany and Saltford, Bristol, United Kingdom |access-date=4 October 2016 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030845/http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Sathiyaselvam, P. |author2=Eswar Satyanarayana, J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2016 |title=Status of Fishing Cat and Indian Smooth-coated Otter in Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary |url=http://www.egreefoundation.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/fishing-cat-and-otter-book-pdf.pdf |publisher=EGREE Foundation |location=Kakinada |access-date=24 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924195226/http://www.egreefoundation.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/fishing-cat-and-otter-book-pdf.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2016 |url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Kantimahanti, M. |chapter=Community-based Fishing Cat conservation in the Eastern Ghats of South India |pages=51–54 |year=2016 |editor=A. Appel |editor2=J. W. Duckworth |title=Proceedings of the First International Fishing Cat Conservation Symposium, 25–29 November 2015, Nepal |chapter-url=http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf |publisher=Fishing Cat Working Group |location=Bad Marienberg, Germany and Saltford, Bristol, United Kingdom |access-date=4 October 2016 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030845/http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf }}</ref> Reports in Bangladeshi newspapers indicate that fishing cats live in most divisions of Bangladesh.<ref name=Chowdhury2015>{{cite journal |author=Chowdhury, S. U. |author2=Chowdhury, A. R. |author3=Ahmed S. |author4=Muzaffar, S. B. |name-list-style=amp |year=2015 |title=Human-fishing cat conflicts and conservation needs of fishing cats in Bangladesh |journal=Cat News |issue=62 |pages=4–7}}</ref> In [[Sri Lanka]], it has been recorded in tea estates, [[Maduru Oya National Park]] and multiple localities in coastal to hilly regions.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kittle, A.M. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Watson, A.C. |year=2018 |title=Small wildcats of Sri Lanka – some recent records |journal=Cat News |issue=68 |pages=9–12}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Jayasekara, D. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Mahaulpatha, W.A.D. |year=2022 |title=Modeling the habitat suitability for sympatric small and medium sized felids and investigating the spatiotemporal niche overlapping in Maduru Oya National Park, Sri Lanka |journal=Journal of Wildlife and Biodiversity |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=31–56 |doi=10.22120/jwb.2022.542338.1378 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2025 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

In Myanmar, it was recorded in the [[Ayeyarwady Delta]] in 2016 and 2018.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Naing Lin |author2=Platt, S. G. |name-list-style=amp |year=2019 |title=Recent photographic records of Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=13910–13914 |doi=10.11609/jott.4795.11.7.13910-13914 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In Thailand, its presence has been documented in [[Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park]], [[Thale Noi Non-Hunting Area]] and in [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cutter |first1=P. |last2=Cutter |first2=P.G. |name-list-style=amp |year=2009 |title=Recent sightings of fishing cats in Thailand |journal=Cat News |issue=51 |pages=12–13 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215756695}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Lynam, A. J. |author2=Jenks, K. E. |author3=Tantipisanuh, N. |author4=Chutipong, W. |author5=Ngoprasert, D. |author6=Gale, G. A. |name-list-style=amp |year=2012 |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/61/61rbz407-415.pdf |title=Terrestrial activity patterns of wild cats from camera-trapping |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |pages=407–415 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201124505/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/61/61rbz407-415.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Phosri, K. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Tantipisanuh, N. |author3=Chutipong, W. |author4=Gore, M.L. |author5=Giordano, A.J. |author6=Ngoprasert, D. |year=2021 |title=Fishing Cats in an anthropogenic landscape: A multi-method assessment of local population status and threats |journal=Global Ecology and Conservation |volume=27 |article-number=e01615 |doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01615 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2021GEcoC..2701615P}}</ref> Between 2007 and 2016, it was also recorded near wetlands outside protected areas in [[Phitsanulok Province]], [[Bang Khun Thian District]], [[Samut Sakhon Province|Samut Sakhon]], [[Phetchaburi Province|Phetchaburi]] and [[Songkhla Province]]s, and near a mangrove site in [[Pattani, Thailand|Pattani]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chutipong |first1=W. |last2=Kamjing |first2=A. |last3=Klinsawat |first3=W. |last4=Ngoprasert |first4=D. |last5=Phosri |first5=K. |last6=Sukumal |first6=N. |last7=Wongtung |first7=P. |last8=Tantipisanuh |first8=N. |name-list-style=amp |year=2019 |title=An update on the status of Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' Bennett, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) in Thailand |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=13459–13469 |doi=10.11609/jott.4557.11.4.13459-13469 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In Cambodia, a single fishing cat was photographed by a [[camera trap]] in [[Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary]] in March 2003.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Rainey, H. J. |author2=Kong, K. |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |url=http://wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/Rainey+Kong2010-Fishing-cat-Cambodia.pdf |title=A fishing cat observation from northern Cambodia |journal=Cat News |issue=52 |pages=8–9 |access-date=23 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319231829/http://wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/Rainey+Kong2010-Fishing-cat-Cambodia.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2016 }}</ref> In 2015, it was also recorded in [[Peam Krasop Wildlife Sanctuary]] and [[Ream National Park]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Thaung R. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Herranz Muñoz, V. |chapter=Identifying priority sites and conservation actions for Fishing Cat in Cambodia |pages=37–40 |editor=A. Appel |editor2=J. W. Duckworth |title=Proceedings of the First International Fishing Cat Conservation Symposium, 25–29 November 2015, Nepal |year=2016 |chapter-url=http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf |publisher=Fishing Cat Working Group |location=Bad Marienberg, Germany and Saltford, Bristol, United Kingdom |access-date=4 October 2016 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030845/http://www.wild-cat.org/viverrinus/infos/FCWG2016_1stInt_FishingCat_Conservation_Symposium_proceedings.pdf }}</ref> The island of [[Java]] constitutes the southern limit of the fishing cat's range, but by the 1990s fishing cats were thought to be scarce and restricted to tidal forests with sandy or muddy shores, older mangrove stands, and abandoned mangrove plantation areas with fishponds.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Melisch, R. |author2=Asmoro, P. B. |author3=Lubis, I. R. |author4=Kusumawardhani, L. |name-list-style=amp |year=1996 |title=Distribution and status of the Fishing Cat (''Prionailurus viverrinus rhizophoreus'' Sody, 1936) in West Java, Indonesia (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) |journal=Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden |volume=20 |issue=17 |pages=311–319 |url=http://www.traffic.org/non-traffic/non-traffic_pub4.pdf |access-date=24 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323234153/http://www.traffic.org/non-traffic/non-traffic_pub4.pdf |archive-date=23 March 2013 }}</ref> There are no confirmed records in [[Peninsular Malaysia]], [[Vietnam]] and [[Laos]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Duckworth, J. W. |author2=Stones, T. |author3=Tizard, R. |author4=Watson, S. |author5=Wolstencroft, J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2010 |title=Does the fishing cat inhabit Laos? |journal=Cat News |issue=52 |pages=4–7 |url=https://fishingcat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/duckworth-et-al-2010.pdf}}</ref>

== Behaviour and ecology ==
[[File:Fishing_cat_amidst_mangroves.jpg|thumb|A fishing cat in the [[Godavari–Krishna mangroves|Godavari mangroves]] at night |alt=A fishing in the [[Godavari–Krishna mangroves]] laying near a muddy area at night. Green leaves can also be seen surrounding the animal.]]

The fishing cat lives among dense vegetation near water and is thought to be primarily [[nocturnal]]. It is known to be a proficient long-distance and underwater swimmer. Adult males and females without dependent young are solitary. Females have been reported to range over areas of {{cvt|4|to|6|km2}}, while males range over {{cvt|16|to|22|km2}}. It has been observed resting in thick grassy habitats, often near a water body but sometimes far away from them. Adults have been recorded to vocalise "chuckling" sounds.<ref name=WCoW>{{cite book |author1=Sunquist, M. |author2=Sunquist, F. |name-list-style=amp |year=2002 |title=Wild Cats of the World |publisher=University of Chicago Press |location=Chicago |isbn=978-0-226-77999-7 |pages=241–245 |chapter=Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA242 |access-date=12 October 2020 |archive-date=16 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316212412/https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA242#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref>
It marks its [[home range]] using cheek-rubbing, [[Bunting (animal behavior)|head rubbing]], chin rubbing, neck rubbing and [[urine-spraying]] to leave [[Scent marking|scent marks]]; it also sharpens its claws and displays [[Flehmen response|flehmen]].<ref name=Mellen1993>{{cite journal |last1=Mellen |first1=J. D. |title=A comparative analysis of scent-marking, social and reproductive behavior in 20 species of small cats (''Felis'') |journal=American Zoologist |year=1993 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=151–166 |doi=10.1093/icb/33.2.151 |jstor=3883837 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The pungent smell of fishing cat urine markings is due to [[3-Mercapto-3-methylbutan-1-ol]], a breakdown product of [[felinine]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Das |first1=S. |last2=Manna |first2=S. |last3=Chowdhury |first3=S. P. |last4=Sarkar |first4=M. P. |title=Sulfur-Markers, from urine of Fishing Cat: the putative pheromonal compounds of water-loving, vulnerable State Animal of West Bengal |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society |date=2023 |volume=76 |issue=4 |pages=448–452 |doi=10.1007/s12595-023-00503-3 |bibcode=2023PZooS..76..448D}}</ref>

Fishing cat [[feces]] collected in India's [[Keoladeo National Park]] revealed that fish comprises about three-quarter of its diet, with the remainder consisting of [[bird]]s, small [[rodent]]s and [[insect]]s; [[mollusc]]s, [[reptile]]s, [[amphibian]]s, [[carrion]] of [[cattle]] and [[grass]] supplement its diet.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Haque, N. M. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Vijayan, V. |year=1993 |title=Food habits of the fishing cat ''Felis viverrina'' in Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=498–500 |url=https://archive.org/details/journalofbombay901993bomb/page/498/mode/2up}}</ref> Its main prey in the [[Godavari River]] delta is [[fish]], including [[flathead grey mullet]], [[green chromide]] and [[Mozambique tilapia]], which comprised three fifths of its diet, whereas rodents and [[crab]]s made up the remainder of the diet. The diet make-up remained relatively constant throughout the year.<ref name="Malla et al. 2024">{{Cite journal |last1=Malla |first1=G. |last2=Ray |first2=P. |last3=Srinivas |first3=Y. |last4=Malla |first4=S. |last5=Reddy |first5=T.B. |last6=Hayward |first6=M. |last7=Sivakumar |first7=K. |date=2024 |title=Fish on the platter! Dietary habits of fishing cats (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') in the Godavari Delta, India |journal=Mammal Research |volume=69 |issue=2 |pages=221–230 |doi=10.1007/s13364-023-00731-0}}</ref> Fishing cats have been observed while hunting along the edges of watercourses, grabbing prey from the water, and sometimes diving into the water to catch prey further from the banks.<ref name=WCoW/><ref>{{cite thesis |author=Mukherjee, S. |year=1989 |title=Ecological separation of four sympatric carnivores in Keoladeo Ghana National Park, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India |type=MSc. Thesis |publisher=Wildlife Institute of India |location=Dehra Dun |url=https://fishingcat.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/mukherjee-1989.pdf}}</ref> It prefers hunting in shallow water and spends about half the time lying in wait for prey to approach.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ganguly |first1=D. |last2=Adhya |first2=T. |date=2022 |title=How fishing cats ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' Bennett, 1833 fish: describing a felid's strategy to hunt aquatic prey |journal=Mammalia |volume=86 |issue=2 |pages=182–189 |doi=10.1515/mammalia-2020-0133 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357314052}}</ref>

=== Reproduction and development ===
[[File:Prionailurus_viverrinus_07.jpg|thumb|Juvenile fishing cat at the National Zoological Park |alt=A juvenile fishing cat scaling down a thin tree branch headfirst in a left leaning manner. This kitten is surrounded by large green leaves.]]

Wild fishing cats most likely mate during January and February; most kittens in the wild were observed in March and April.<ref name=WCoW/> However, fishing cats may mate as late as June.<ref name=Nowell96/> In captivity, the [[gestation]] period lasts 63–70 days; females give birth to an average of two to three kittens; the litter size can be as small as one to as large as four.<ref name=Mellen1993/><ref name=Nowell96/> Kittens weigh around {{cvt|170|g}} at birth and are able to actively move around by the age of one month. They begin to play in water and to take solid food when about two months old, but are not fully [[weaning|weaned]] until six months old. They reach full adult size when about eight and a half months old, acquire their adult [[canine tooth|canine teeth]] by 11 months and are sexually mature when approximately 15 months old. They live up to 10 years in captivity.<ref name=WCoW/> The [[Generation time|generation length]] of the fishing cat is five years.<ref name=iucn/>

=== Health===
Fishing cats are susceptible to [[Carnivore protoparvovirus 1|carnivore protoparvovirus]], a disease known to kill them. This disease significantly damages the [[kidney]], [[spleen]] and [[gastrointestinal tract]] of the body.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Piewbang |first1=C. |last2=Wardhani |first2=S.W. |last3=Chanseanroj |first3=J. |last4=Yostawonkul |first4=J. |last5=Boonrungsiman |first5=S. |last6=Saengkrit |first6=N. |last7=Kongmakee |first7=P. |last8=Banlunara |first8=W. |last9=Poovorawan |first9=Y. |last10=Kasantikul |first10=T. |last11=Techangamsuwan |first11=S. |date=2021 |title=Natural infection of parvovirus in wild fishing cats (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') reveals extant viral localization in kidneys |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=16 |issue=3 |article-number=e0247266 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0247266 |doi-access=free |pmc=7924760 |pmid=33651823 |bibcode=2021PLoSO..1647266P}}</ref> The fishing cat is also vulnerable to diseases and medical conditions such as feline [[hemoplasmas]], [[transitional cell carcinoma]] and [[canine distemper]] virus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Suksai |first1=P. |last2=Tangsudjai |first2=S. |last3=Sariya |first3=L. |last4=Chamsai |first4=T. |last5=Sedwisai |first5=P. |last6=Patumrattanathan |first6=S. |last7=Prasittichai |first7=L. |last8=Cutter |first8=P. |last9=Ratanakorn |first9=P. |last10=Sangkachai |first10=N. |date=2016 |title=Molecular study of feline hemoplasmas in free- ranging fishing cats (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') in Thailand |journal=The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Research |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=205–213 |pmid=29786992 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308906860}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland-Smith |first1=M. |last2=Harvey |first2=C. |last3=Campbell |first3=M. |last4=McAloose |first4=D. |last5=Rideout |first5=B. |last6=Morris |first6=P. |date=2004 |title=Transitional cell carcinomas in four fishing cats (''Prionailurus verrinus'') |journal=Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=370–380 |doi=10.1638/03-106 |pmid=15526893 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kadam |first1=R.G. |last2=Karikalan |first2=M. |last3=Siddappa |first3=C.M. |last4=Mahendran |first4=K. |last5=Srivastava |first5=G. |last6=Rajak |first6=K.K. |last7=Bhardwaj |first7=Y. |last8=Varshney |first8=R. |last9=War |first9=Z.A. |last10=Singh |first10=R. |last11=Ghosh |first11=M. |last12=Beena |first12=V. |last13=Pawde |first13=A.M. |last14=Singh |first14=K.P. |last15=Sharma |first15=A.K. |date=2022 |title=Molecular and pathological screening of canine distemper virus in Asiatic lions, tigers, leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, leopard cats, jungle cats, civet cats, fishing cat, and jaguar of different states, India |journal=Infection, Genetics and Evolution |volume=98 |article-number=105211 |doi=10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105211 |pmid=35051653 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022InfGE..9805211K}}</ref> One captive individual was even recorded with [[chlamydiota]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kik |first1=M.J.L. |last2=van der Hage |first2=M.H. |last3=Greydanus-van der Putten |first3=S.W.M. |date=1997 |title=Chlamydiosis in a Fishing Cat (''Felis viverrina'') |journal=Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=212–214 |jstor=20095645 |pmid=9279414}}</ref> Additionally, in a 2012 case study, ''[[Toxocara cati]]'' was reported as the cause of death of young captive fishing cats.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bhattacharya |first1=S. |last2=Dutta |first2=B. |last3=Mukherjee |first3=J. |last4=Chakraborty |first4=G.C. |last5=Mitra |first5=M. |date=2012 |title=''Toxocara cati'' infestation in fishing kitten - a case report |url=http://www.animalmedicalresearch.org/Vol.1_Issue-2_January_2012/S%20Bhattacherya.pdf |journal=Exploratory Animal and Medical Research |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=184–186}}</ref>

== Threats ==
Since 2016, the fishing cat is listed as a [[vulnerable species]] on the [[IUCN Red List]], as the global population is thought to have declined by around 30% in the years 2010–2015; the destruction of [[wetland]]s and killings by local people are major threats to the fishing cat.<ref name=iucn />
The destruction of wetlands includes increased [[pollution]] or conversion for agricultural use and human settlements. The conversion of [[mangrove forest]]s to commercial [[aquaculture]] ponds is a major threat in Andhra Pradesh, and in some places fishing cats are killed. [[Over-exploitation]] of local [[fish stocks]] and retaliatory killing by local people are also significant threats. The fishing cat's habitat in India is predominantly marshlands, which are subject to agricultural usage under the country's laws, resulting in [[human–wildlife conflict]]. Coastal wetlands are an important habitat for the fishing cat in Thailand and Cambodia, however, estimates predict that only 6% of wetlands remain undisturbed.<ref name=iucn/>

In West Bengal's [[Howrah district]], 27 dead fishing cats were recorded between April 2010 and May 2011, and in [[Sagar Island]], the fishing cat was possibly extirpated by local people for reasons unknown.<ref name=Mukherjee_al2012/> Deaths are more frequent in the dry season, when people use wetlands more frequently.<ref name=iucn/> At least 30 fishing cats were killed by local people in Bangladesh between January 2010 and March 2013.<ref name=Chowdhury2015/> They are often killed because they are mistaken as tiger cubs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Eva |first1=A. N. |last2=Suzuki |first2=A. |last3=Numata |first3=S. |date=2022 |title=Spatiotemporal patterns of human–carnivore encounters in a seasonally changing landscape: A case study of the Fishing Cat in Hakaluki Haor, Bangladesh |journal=Conservation |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=402–413 |doi=10.3390/conservation2030027 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In Thailand, 31% of radio-collared fishing cats were killed by local people between 2012 and 2015.<ref name="Cutter 2015">{{cite thesis |last=Cutter |first=P. |title=Fishing cat ecology: Food habits, home ranges, habitat use and mortality in a human-dominated landscape around Khao Sam Roi Yot Area, Peninsular Thailand |date=2015 |type=Master of Science thesis |publisher=University of Minnesota |url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/be871412-e49a-48de-8281-97982d8a9e99/content }}</ref> Fish farmers in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve have killed fishing cats in retaliation for perceived loss of fish.<ref name=Mishra2021>{{Cite journal |last1=Mishra |first1=R. |last2=Gautam |first2=B. |last3=Kaspal |first3=P. |last4=Shah |first4=S.K. |date=2021 |title=Population status and threats to fishing cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' (Bennett, 1833) in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Eastern Nepal |url=https://www.cdztu.edu.np/njz/index.php/NJZ/article/view/115 |journal=Nepalese Journal of Zoology |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=13–21 |doi=10.3126/njz.v5i1.38284 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Roadkill]]s are a major mortality factor in Odisha.<ref name=Palei2018/> The fishing cat is possibly extinct in coastal [[Kerala]], but it is doubtful whether it ever occurred there at all.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Janardhanan |first1=R. |doi=10.11609/JoTT.o3780.5569-73 |title=On the occurrence of the Fishing Cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' Bennett, 1833 (Carnivora: Felidae) in coastal Kerala, India |journal=Journal of Threatened Taxa |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=5569–5573 |year=2014 |last2=Mukherjee |first2=S. |last3=Karunakaran |first3=P. V. |last4=Athreya |first4=R. |name-list-style=amp |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== Conservation ==
The fishing cat is included on [[CITES Appendix II]] and protected by national legislation over most of its range. Hunting is prohibited in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. Hunting regulations apply in Laos. In Bhutan, Malaysia, and Vietnam, it is not protected outside protected areas, and no information is known about its legal protections in Cambodia.<ref name=Nowell96/> It is the state animal of the Indian state of [[West Bengal]].<ref name=Mowbray2024/> Its survival depends on protection of wetlands, prevention of indiscriminate trapping, snaring and poisoning.<ref name=iucn />

In areas where habitat degradation is a major concern, such as coastal Andhra Pradesh, [[non-governmental organization]]s are working to slow habitat conversion in collaboration with local villagers. Part of this work involves creating alternative livelihood programs that allow villagers to earn money without damaging natural habitats.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Eng, K.F. |date=2020 |title=By saving this adorable, elusive wild cat, you could help save the planet (really!) |url=https://ideas.ted.com/by-saving-this-adorable-elusive-wildcat-you-could-help-save-the-planet-really/ |access-date=29 November 2020 |website=Ideas Ted |archive-date=10 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210091845/https://ideas.ted.com/by-saving-this-adorable-elusive-wildcat-you-could-help-save-the-planet-really/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fishingcatconservancy.org/programs |title=Projects {{!}} Fishing Cat Conservancy {{!}} United States |website=Fishing Cat Conservancy |access-date=7 March 2019 |archive-date=8 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308081334/https://www.fishingcatconservancy.org/programs |url-status=live }}</ref> A Fishing Cat Conservation Alliance provides an umbrella for the cooperation of national fishing cat conservation groups, which began with the establishment of India's in 2010.<ref name=Mowbray2024>{{cite news |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2024/05/saving-asias-fishing-cat-means-protecting-threatened-wetland-habitat/ |title=Saving Asia's fishing cat means protecting threatened wetland habitat |author=Mowbray, S. |work=Mongabay |date=2024 |access-date=20 May 2024}}</ref>

=== In captivity ===
Fishing cat captive breeding programmes have been established by the [[European Association of Zoos and Aquaria]] and the American [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums]]. All the fishing cats kept in zoos around the world are listed in the International Studbook of the [[World Association of Zoos and Aquariums]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt99EAAAQBAJ&dq=info:pFHu912L85IJ:scholar.google.com/&pg=PA269 |title=Feline Reproduction |last2=Kutzler |first2=M. |date=2022 |publisher=CABI |isbn=978-1-78924-708-4 |pages=270–271 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Fazio |first=J. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdRB0AEACAAJ |title=Assessment of adrenal activity and reproductive cycles during captive management in the fishing cat (''Prionailurus viverrinus'') |date=2016 |publisher=George Mason University |pages=1–6}}</ref> Zoos in Thailand house around 30 individuals; birth rates are not particularly high.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Khonmee |first1=J. |last2=Vorawattanatham |first2=N. |last3=Pinyopummin |first3=A. |last4=Thitaram |first4=C. |last5=Somgird |first5=C. |last6=Punyapornwithaya |first6=V. |last7=Brown |first7=J.L. |date=2016 |title=Assessment of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite excretion in captive female fishing cats (''Prionailurus viverinus'') in Thailand |journal=Conservation Physiology |volume=4 |issue=1 |article-number=cow021 |doi=10.1093/conphys/cow021 |doi-access=free |pmid=27293767 |pmc=4892097}}</ref> They have been placed in captivity as an "insurance population" due to their vulnerable status in the wild.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Sukparangsi |first1=W. |last2=Thongphakdee |first2=A. |last3=Karoon |first3=S. |last4=Suban Na Ayuthaya |first4=N. |last5=Hengkhunthod |first5=I. |last6=Prakongkaew |first6=R. |last7=Bootsri |first7=R. |last8=Sikaeo |first8=W. |date=2022 |title=Establishment of fishing cat cell biobanking for sustainable conservation |journal=Frontiers in Veterinary Science |volume=9 |article-number=989670 |doi=10.3389/fvets.2022.989670 |doi-access=free |pmid=36439340 |pmc=9684188}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|1=Prionailurus viverrinus|commonscat=yes|species=yes|wikt=fishing cat|s=The New International Encyclopædia/Fishing Cat|n=no|b=no|v=no|q=no|d=yes}}
* {{Cite web |title=Fishing cat ''Prionailurus viverrinus'' |publisher=IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |url=http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=121 |access-date=2014-12-16 |archive-date=2017-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622034623/http://www.catsg.org/index.php?id=121 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510213154/http://www.biographic.com/posts/sto/fishing-cats-cradle BioGraphic: Fishing Cat's Cradle] by Morgan Heim and Katie Jewett, October 2016
* {{Cite NIE |wstitle=Fishing Cat |short=x}}
* [https://www.fishingcatconservancy.org/ Fishing Cat Conservancy]
* [http://www.fishing-cat.wild-cat.org Fishing Cat Working Group]

{{Carnivora|Fe.}}
{{West Bengal}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q190674}}

[[Category:Felidae of India]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1833]]
[[Category:Mammals of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Mammals of Cambodia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Myanmar]]
[[Category:Mammals of Nepal]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sindh]]
[[Category:Mammals of South Asia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Mammals of Thailand]]
[[Category:Prionailurus]]
[[Category:Symbols of West Bengal]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Edward Turner Bennett]]

Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007

2026-04-01T05:23:30Z

KobyQ0272234: added initial stub w/ infobox.

{{Short description|Law in Kerala, India}}
{{primary sources|date=October 2024}}
The '''Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007''' (KAAPA) is a law enacted by the [[Government of Kerala]] to address and prevent certain categories of anti-social activities. The Act came into force in 2007 and was subsequently amended in 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |title=കാപ്പ നിയമം |url=https://kaapa.kerala.gov.in/mal/index.php/about-us/about-the-act/2024-04-19-04-11-02 |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Advisory Board, The Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act (KAAPA) |language=en-gb}}</ref>

The legislation provides for preventive detention of individuals identified as engaging in activities considered harmful to public order. It categorizes offenders into groups such as “known goondas” and “known rowdies,” based on their alleged involvement in specified offences. These may include activities such as illegal trade, extortion, or other forms of organized criminal conduct, as defined under the Act.<ref name=":0" />

Under KAAPA, detention orders may be issued based on prior involvement in multiple criminal cases or convictions, subject to the procedures and safeguards outlined in the law. The duration and conditions of detention are determined in accordance with the provisions of the Act and relevant legal processes.

==Scope==

The Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007 (KAAPA) applies to persons identified as engaging in activities considered prejudicial to the maintenance of public order. The Act defines categories such as “known goondas” and “known rowdies” based on involvement in specified offences.<ref>{{cite web |title=THE KERALA ANTI-SOCIAL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 2007 |url=http://www.keralapolice.org/newsite/pdfs/kaapa/kaapa.pdf |accessdate=9 March 2015 |publisher=www.keralapolice.org}}</ref>

These offences may include activities such as organized criminal conduct, illegal trade, trafficking, counterfeiting, extortion, and other offences as defined under the Act. Amendments introduced in 2014 expanded its scope to include certain financial offences, including [[hawala]] transactions, unauthorized financial establishments and illegal land acquisition.

The Act empowers designated authorities, including the [[Deputy inspector general of police]] (DIG) and the [[District magistrate|District collector]], to issue preventive detention orders and impose restrictions on movement for specified periods (usually one year), in accordance with its provisions.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=KAAPA Act |url=https://www.kaapa.kerala.gov.in/index.php/about-us/about-act-new/kaapa-act |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Advisory Board, The Kerala Anti-Social Activities (Prevention) Act (KAAPA) |language=en-gb}}</ref>

Judicial interpretations have clarified that proceedings under KAAPA may be initiated irrespective of settlements in underlying criminal cases, depending on the nature of the offences. [[Kerala High Court|High Court]] has also indicated that the Act may be applied in cases involving drug-related offences, subject to legal requirements.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Service |first=Express News |date=2023-08-16 |title=Invoke pre-trial detention only to maintain public order: Kerala HC |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kerala/2023/Aug/16/invoke-pre-trial-detention-only-to-maintain-public-order-kerala-hc-2605601.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

The Act provides for review mechanisms, including advisory or review committees headed by a retired judge to intervene and prevent misuse of the provisions of this Act. It also has protective clauses that prevent the defendants from being brought under the ambit of this Act in cases of property disputes and family disputes.<ref name=":1" />

==Probabilities of imposing KAAPA==

* This will consider the case within seven years.
* One case punishable by more than five years or two cases punishable by one year to five years. or three cases should be on trial.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Anti-social behaviour]]
[[Category:Indian criminal law]]
[[Category:Kerala state legislation]]

Lalchhuanmawia

2026-03-28T18:52:37Z

KobyQ0272234: started first info nd citations...

{{Short description|Indian footballer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2016}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name = Lalchhuanmawia
| image =
| fullname = Lalchhuanmawia Fanai
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1989|4|14|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Lengpui]], [[Mizoram]], India
| height = {{height|m=1.80}}
| currentclub =
| clubnumber =
| position = [[Full-back (association football)|Left back]]
| youthyears1 =
| youthclubs1 =
| years1 = 2010–2012
| clubs1 = [[JCT FC|JCT]]
| caps1 = 20
| goals1 = 0
| years2 = 2012–2014
| clubs2 = [[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
| caps2 = 30
| goals2 = 1
| years3 = 2014–2017
| clubs3 = [[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
| caps3 = 28
| goals3 = 0
| years4 = 2015
| clubs4 = → [[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
| caps4 = 10
| goals4 = 0
| years5 = 2017–2019
| clubs5 = [[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
| caps5 = 16
| goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2019–2020
| clubs6 = [[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
| caps6 = 3
| goals6 = 0
| years7 = 2020–2021
| clubs7 = [[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
| caps7 = 4
| goals7 = 0
| years8 = 2021–2022
| clubs8 = [[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
| caps8 = 9
| goals8 = 0
| nationalyears1 = 2015
| nationalteam1 = [[India national football team|India]]
| nationalcaps1 = 4
| nationalgoals1 = 0
| pcupdate = 18:27, 8 March 2022 (UTC)
| ntupdate = 15:15, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
}}

'''Lalchhuanmawia Fanai''' (born 14 April 1989), is an Indian professional [[Football player|footballer]] who plays as a [[defender (association football)|defender]].

==Career==
===JCT===
Chhuantea started his professional career from Punjab-based team JCT FC, where he has played for them Punjab Football League and in I-League for 2 years. He has also represented [[Punjab football team (India)|Punjab]] in Santosh Trophy.

===Shillong Lajong===
Chhuantea played for Shillong Lajong from 2012 to 2014 and made 30 appearances.<ref name="soccerway">{{soccerway|-lalchhuanmawia/271546}}</ref> On 4 November 2012, Chhuantea made his debut for Lajong against [[United S.C.]] in which Lajong won by 3–2; after that Chhuantea score the winning goal for his new team Lajong won by 1–0 against HAL Bangalore.

===Bengaluru===
In July 2014, it was announced that Chhuantea signed one-year deal with [[Bengaluru FC]].<ref name="BFCThree">{{cite web|url=http://www.bengalurufc.com/complete_news/club/143 |title=BFC makes three new signings |date=15 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718035956/http://www.bengalurufc.com/complete_news/club/143 |archivedate=18 July 2014 }}</ref> On 24 January 2015, Chhuantea made his debut for Bengaluru FC against [[Pune F.C.|Pune FC]] at Bangalore Football Stadium. In his debut season with Bengaluru, he has made 16 appearances and has helped them to win I-League. On 4 February 2015, Chhuantea made his [[AFC Champions League]] debut against [[Johor Darul Ta'zim F.C.|Johor Darul Ta'zim]] at [[Tan Sri Dato Haji Hassan Yunos Stadium|Larkin Stadium]] Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/|title=All Competitions | AFC|website=the-AFC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2015/01/24/india/i-league/bengaluru/pune-fc/1980974/|title=Bengaluru vs. Pune - 24 January 2015 - Soccerway|website=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> He signed a two-year contract with Bengaluru at the end of the season, which would keep him at the club until the end of the 2016-17 I-League season.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lyngdoh, Walker pen new Bengaluru FC deals |url=http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=186 |work=[[Bengaluru FC]] |date=4 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618214545/http://bengalurufc.com/detailclubnews.php?id=186 |archivedate=18 June 2015 }}</ref>

====Mumbai City (loan)====
In July 2015 Chhuantea was drafted to play for [[Mumbai City FC]] in the [[2015 Indian Super League]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Noronha |first=Anselm |title=Cavin Lobo to Kerala, Keegan Pereira to Mumbai and the comprehensive Indian Super League Draft |url=http://www.goal.com/en-india/news/136/india/2015/07/10/13460302/cavin-lobo-to-kerala-keegan-pereira-to-mumbai-and-the?ICID=SP_HN_1 |work=Goal.com |date=10 July 2015 |accessdate=10 July 2015}}</ref> He made total 9 appearances for Mumbai City in whole ISL season.

===Pune City===
On 23 July 2017, Fanai has been picked up by FC Pune City for 2017-18 ISL season.

===Chennaiyin FC===
In September 2020, Fanai signed a one-year deal with [[Chennaiyin FC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chennaiyinfc.com/full-backs-chhuantea-fanai-and-reagan-singh-join-chennaiyin-fc-for-2020-21-season/|title=Full-backs Chhuantea Fanai and Reagan Singh join Chennaiyin FC for 2020-21 season|website=chennaiyinfc.com|accessdate=13 September 2020}}</ref>

==International career==
On 11 June 2015, Chhuantea made his debut for the [[India national football team]] in the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round|2018 FIFA World Cup Qualifier]] against [[Oman national football team|Oman]].

==Career statistics==
===Club===
{{updated|8 March 2022}}<ref>{{soccerway|lalchhuanmawia/271546}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size; text-align:center;"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Club
!rowspan="2"|Season
!colspan="3"|League
!colspan="2"|Federation Cup
!colspan="2"|[[Asian Football Confederation|AFC]]
!colspan="2"|Total
|-
!Division!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals!!Apps!!Goals
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[Shillong Lajong FC|Shillong Lajong]]
|[[2012–13 I-League|2012–13]]
| rowspan="3" |[[I-League]]
|17||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||17||0
|-
|[[2013–14 I-League|2013–14]]
|13||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||13||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2014–15 Bengaluru FC season|2014–15]]
|16||0||1{{efn|name=SuperCup|Appearances in the [[Super Cup (India)|Super Cup]]}}||0||5{{efn|name=statsAFCCL|Appearances in the [[AFC Champions League]]}}{{efn|name=statsAFCC|Appearances in the [[AFC Cup]]}}||0||22||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|[[2015 Mumbai City FC season|2015]]
| rowspan="1" |[[Indian Super League]]
|9||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||9||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2015–16 Bengaluru FC season|2015–16]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|12||0||0||0||8{{efn|name=statsAFCC}}||0||20||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Mumbai City FC|Mumbai City]] (loan)
|[[2016 Mumbai City FC season|2016]]
| rowspan="1" |Indian Super League
|1||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||1||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Bengaluru FC|Bengaluru]]
|[[2016–17 Bengaluru FC season|2016–17]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|0||0||0||0||1{{efn|name=statsAFCC}}||0||1||0
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[FC Pune City|Pune City]]
|[[2017–18 FC Pune City season|2017–18]]
| rowspan="4" |Indian Super League
|9||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||9||0
|-
|[[2018–19 FC Pune City season|2018–19]]
|7||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||7||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Odisha FC|Odisha]]
|[[2019–20 Odisha FC season|2019–20]]
|3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[Chennaiyin FC|Chennaiyin]]
|[[2020–21 Chennaiyin FC season|2020–21]]
|4||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||4||0
|-
| rowspan="1" |[[RoundGlass Punjab FC|RoundGlass Punjab]]
|[[2021–22 I-League|2021–22]]
| rowspan="1" |I-League
|3||0||0||0|| colspan="2" |—||3||0
|-
! colspan="3" |Career total
!94!!0!!1!!0!!14!!0!!109!!0
|}
{{notelist}}

===International===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
!National team!!Year!!Apps!!Goals
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[India national football team|India]]
|2015||3||0
|-
|2016||1||0
|-
!colspan="2"|Total!!4!!0
|}

==Honours==

'''[[Bengaluru FC]]'''
*[[Indian Federation Cup]]: [[2014–15 Indian Federation Cup|2014–15]]
*[[I-League]]: [[2015–16 I-League|2015–16]]

'''India'''
* [[SAFF Championship]]: [[2015 SAFF Championship|2015]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.goal.com/en-india/people/india/36954/lalchhuan-mawia/ Profile] at Goal.com

[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian men's footballers]]
[[Category:I-League players]]
[[Category:Shillong Lajong FC players]]
[[Category:Footballers from Mizoram]]
[[Category:People from Mamit district]]
[[Category:Bengaluru FC players]]
[[Category:Mumbai City FC players]]
[[Category:Indian Super League players]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportsmen]]
[[Category:Men's association football midfielders]]
[[Category:Men's association football full-backs]]

Lourdes Mount College of Engineering and Technology

2026-03-28T06:01:13Z

KobyQ0272234: Redirect page

#REDIRECT [[List of colleges affiliated to the Anna University]]

Vijay Deverakonda

2026-03-25T13:21:58Z

KobyQ0272234: adjust formatting and improved wording

{{short description|Indian actor and film producer (born 1989)}}
{{family name hatnote|Deverakonda|lang=Telugu}}
{{Primary sources|date=February 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Vijay Deverakonda
| image = Vijay Deverakonda at NOTA pressmeet 2 (cropped).jpg
| caption = Vijay at ''[[NOTA (film)|NOTA]]'' press meet in 2018
| birth_name = Deverakonda Vijay Sai
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|5|9|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)|Andhra Pradesh]], (present day [[Telangana]]), India
| education =
| alma_mater = Badruka College of Commerce & Arts ([[B Com]])
| occupation = {{Hlist|Actor|film producer}}
| years_active = 2011–present
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Rashmika Mandanna]]|26 February 2026}}
| relatives = [[Anand Deverakonda]] (brother)
}}
'''Deverakonda Vijay Sai''' (born 9 May 1989), widely known as '''Vijay Deverakonda''',<ref name="timesofindia">{{cite news |author=Shalini J. R. |date=9 May 2018 |title=Vijay Deverakonda celebrates his birth in a unique way |website=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-devarakonda-celebrates-his-birthday-in-a-unique-way/articleshow/64093479.cms|url-status=live|access-date=3 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111045330/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-devarakonda-celebrates-his-birthday-in-a-unique-way/articleshow/64093479.cms|archive-date=11 January 2019}}</ref> is an Indian actor and film producer who works in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] films.<ref>{{cite news |title=Did Numerology Change In 'The Deverakonda's Name Affect WFL Prospects ? |url=https://english.sakshi.com/tollywood/2020/02/14/did-numerology-change-in-vijay-deverakondas-name-affect-wfl-prospects |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=Sakshi Post |date=14 February 2020 |archive-date=11 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011223839/https://english.sakshi.com/tollywood/2020/02/14/did-numerology-change-in-vijay-deverakondas-name-affect-wfl-prospects |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=c>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/this-film-came-at-the-right-time/article6902995.ece |title=This film came at the right time |newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 August 2017 |date=17 February 2015 |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Y. Sunita|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626191639/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/this-film-came-at-the-right-time/article6902995.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> Vijay is the recipient of a [[Filmfare Awards South|Filmfare Award]], a [[Nandi Awards|Nandi Award]] and three [[South Indian International Movie Awards|SIIMA Awards]].<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=P |last1=Kirubhakar |date=16 August 2019 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2019-vijay-deverakonda-and-keerthy-suresh-win-big-see-pics-1581463-2019-08-16 |title=SIIMA 2019: Vijay Deverakonda and Keerthy Suresh win big. See pics – Movies News |magazine=[[India Today]] |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=16 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816191920/https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2019-vijay-deverakonda-and-keerthy-suresh-win-big-see-pics-1581463-2019-08-16 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Deverakonda made his debut with ''[[Nuvvila]]'' (2011) and received praise for his supporting role in the coming-of-age drama ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' (2015). He rose to prominence as a leading film actor by starring in ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]'' (2016) and ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' (2017), winning the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]] for his performance as a volatile surgeon in the latter. He further established himself with commercially successful films such as ''[[Mahanati]]'' (2018), ''[[Geetha Govindam]]'' (2018), and ''[[Taxiwaala]]'' (2018).<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20171002-vijay-sai-deverakonda-telugu-cinema-arjun-reddy-sandeep-reddy-vanga-1049492-2017-09-23 |title=Serial kisser Deverakonda is the Emraan Hashmi of Telugu cinema |first1=Mona |last1=Ramavat |date=23 September 2017 |magazine=India Today|access-date=11 February 2020|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217085314/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/leisure/story/20171002-vijay-sai-deverakonda-telugu-cinema-arjun-reddy-sandeep-reddy-vanga-1049492-2017-09-23|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=a>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pqngUO_pP4 |title=Yevade Subramanyam Theatrical Trailer – Nani, Malavika Nair |last=Vyjayanthi Network |date=15 January 2015|access-date=30 August 2017 |via=YouTube|archive-date=24 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224071041/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pqngUO_pP4|url-status=live}}</ref> This success was followed by a series of poorly received films.

In 2019, Deverakonda launched his own production house King of the Hill Entertainment, which produced ''[[Meeku Maathrame Cheptha]]'' (2019) and ''[[Pushpaka Vimanam]]'' (2021).<ref name="ProductionHouse">{{cite news |date=5 November 2019 |title=Vijay Deverakonda: I want to create a platform for new talent |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-deverakonda-i-want-to-create-a-platform-for-new-talent-6103938/|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113104249/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-deverakonda-i-want-to-create-a-platform-for-new-talent-6103938/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 August 2019 |title=Vijay Deverkonda Turns Producer, Announces Debut Production Meeku Maathrame Cheptha |work=News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-deverkonda-turns-producer-announces-film-with-meeku-maathrame-cheptha-2289531.html|access-date=13 January 2020|archive-date=13 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113104249/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/vijay-deverkonda-turns-producer-announces-film-with-meeku-maathrame-cheptha-2289531.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Beyond his film career, Deverakonda has designed his own fashion brand Rowdy Wear, which launched on [[Myntra]] in 2020,<ref name="Vyas">{{Cite web |last=Vyas |date=17 July 2018 |title=Vijay Devarakonda's Rowdy Wear On Top |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-17/Vijay-Devarakondas-Rowdy-Wear-On-Top/398856 |access-date=9 February 2022 |website=www.thehansindia.com |archive-date=9 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209201323/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2018-07-17/Vijay-Devarakondas-Rowdy-Wear-On-Top/398856 |url-status=live }}</ref> and is the co-owner of the volleyball team [[Hyderabad Black Hawks]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bandyopadhyay |first1=Bohni |date=23 January 2023 |title=Vijay Deverakonda Becomes Co-owner of Hyderabad Black Hawks Team in Prime Volleyball League |url=https://www.news18.com/news/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-becomes-co-owner-of-hyderabad-black-hawks-team-in-prime-volleyball-league-6897565.html |work=News18 |access-date=13 July 2023 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001211224/https://www.news18.com/news/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-becomes-co-owner-of-hyderabad-black-hawks-team-in-prime-volleyball-league-6897565.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Deverakonda is also a celebrity endorser for numerous products and supports various humanitarian causes. He is married to actress [[Rashmika Mandanna]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gupta |first=Twinkle |date=27 February 2026 |title=Rashmika Mandanna and Vijay Deverakonda hold hands, make first public appearance after wedding {{!}} Watch |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/regional-cinema/rashmika-mandanna-and-vijay-deverakonda-make-first-public-appearance-after-udaipur-wedding-2026-02-27-1031911 |work=India TV News |access-date=27 February 2026}}</ref>

== Early and personal life ==
Deverakonda Vijay Sai was born in [[Hyderabad]], [[Andhra Pradesh]] (present-day [[Telangana]]) to Govardhan Rao and Madhavi.<ref name="interview" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Ravi |first1=Murali |date=4 January 2020 |title=Vijay Deverakonda changes his name! To what? |work=Tollywood |url=https://www.tollywood.net/vijay-deverakonda-changes-his-name-to-what/|url-status=live|access-date=2 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201011223839/https://www.tollywood.net/vijay-deverakonda-changes-his-name-to-what/|archive-date=11 October 2020}}</ref> His family hails from Thummanpeta village of erstwhile [[Mahbubnagar district]] (present-day [[Nagarkurnool district|Nagarkurnool]]).<ref name="interview">{{Cite web |date=27 February 2017 |title=Vijay Deverakonda Interview, Talking Movies With iDream |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYuwoLPkK4w&t=30m44s |access-date=27 November 2021 |via=YouTube |publisher=iDream Telugu Movies |archive-date=27 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127130246/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYuwoLPkK4w&t=30m44s |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="th1" /> His father was a [[television serial]] director who quit doing them due to lack of success.

Deverakonda completed his schooling from Sri Sathya Sai Higher Secondary School, [[Puttaparthi]].<ref>{{Citation|title=Arjun Reddy Hero Vijay Deverakonda Exclusive Interview {{!}}{{!}} Frankly With TNR #74| date=25 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgdAuD9AeiQ|access-date=9 February 2022|archive-date=9 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209190942/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rgdAuD9AeiQ|url-status=live}}</ref> He then studied Intermediate at the [[Little Flower Junior College]], [[Hyderabad]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrity Education Qualification: Vijay Deverakonda is a Commerce Graduate, Pressured by Family to Pursue MBA |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/celebrity-education-qualification-vijay-deverakonda-is-a-commerce-graduate-pressured-by-family-to-pursue-mba-5774083.html |work=News18 |date=18 August 2022 |access-date=26 September 2022 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926193344/https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/celebrity-education-qualification-vijay-deverakonda-is-a-commerce-graduate-pressured-by-family-to-pursue-mba-5774083.html |url-status=live }}</ref> He holds a [[Bachelor of Commerce]] degree from Badruka College of Commerce & Arts.<ref name="th1">{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=30 August 2017 |title=Fearless in front of the camera |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/on-a-high-with-arjun-reddy-vijay-deverakonda-discusses-what-makes-him-an-uninhibited-actor/article19586423.ece|access-date=30 August 2020 |issn=0971-751X|archive-date=26 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626181345/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/on-a-high-with-arjun-reddy-vijay-deverakonda-discusses-what-makes-him-an-uninhibited-actor/article19586423.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Celebrity Education Qualification: Vijay Deverakonda is a Commerce Graduate, Pressured by Family to Pursue MBA |url=https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/celebrity-education-qualification-vijay-deverakonda-is-a-commerce-graduate-pressured-by-family-to-pursue-mba-5774083.html |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=News18 |date=18 August 2022 |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001211900/https://www.news18.com/news/education-career/celebrity-education-qualification-vijay-deverakonda-is-a-commerce-graduate-pressured-by-family-to-pursue-mba-5774083.html |url-status=live }}</ref> His younger brother, [[Anand Deverakonda]], is also an actor in [[Telugu cinema]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=18 November 2020 |title=Anand Deverakonda: 'I haven't done anything heroic so far' |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anand-deverakonda-gets-talking-about-his-new-telugu-film-middle-class-melodies/article33124083.ece |access-date=12 March 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129093658/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/anand-deverakonda-gets-talking-about-his-new-telugu-film-middle-class-melodies/article33124083.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vijay Deverakonda and his family lived in [[Saroornagar]], [[Hyderabad]] before he entered the [[Telugu film industry]].<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GDPJGSKveWY&t=1585s]. Family Star Team Chit Chat With Dil Raju. Retrieved on 23 January 2026.</ref><ref>[https://youtube.com/shorts/8sdNRQzjl8I?si=jbAgky2Z4kQh-PXz]. Vijay Devarakonda Emotional Words About Suriya. Retrieved on 23 January 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=im8PV3AiuGg&t=1888s]. Anchor Suma MOST HILARIOUS INTERVIEW With LIGER Team on 23 January 2026.</ref>

On 26 February 2026, Deverakonda married actress [[Rashmika Mandanna]] in a private ceremony held in [[Udaipur]], [[Rajasthan]] in traditional [[Telugu Hindu wedding|Telugu Hindu]] and [[Kodava people|Kodava]] ceremonies. The wedding was referred to as “The Wedding of VIROSH”. <ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Agarwal |first=Bhavna |date=26 February 2026 |title=Rashmika Mandanna, Vijay Deverakonda now married; second ceremony in evening |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-deverakonda-rashmika-mandanna-traditional-andhra-wedding-2874547-2026-02-26 |magazine=India Today |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Mathur |first=Abhimanyu |date=26 February 2026 |title=Rashmika Mandanna, Vijay Deverakonda are married: Couple tie the knot in intimate ceremony in Udaipur |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/telugu-cinema/rashmika-mandanna-vijay-deverakonda-are-married-couple-tie-the-knot-in-intimate-ceremony-in-udaipur-wedding-of-virosh-101772080214451.html |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda, Rashmika Mandanna are officially married |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-deverakonda-rashmika-mandanna-are-officially-married/article70679080.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260226173201/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/vijay-deverakonda-rashmika-mandanna-are-officially-married/article70679080.ece |archive-date=26 February 2026 |work=The Hindu|date=26 February 2026 |access-date=26 February 2026}}</ref>

== Career ==
=== Early career (2011–2015) ===
Deverakonda made his debut with [[Ravi Babu]]-directed romantic comedy ''[[Nuvvila]]'' (2011).<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 September 2020 |title=Vijay Devarakonda made his debut with Nuvvila |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-devarakonda-made-his-debut-with-nuvvila/articleshow/65993069.cms |access-date=15 November 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=29 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429055241/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/did-you-know/vijay-devarakonda-made-his-debut-with-nuvvila/articleshow/65993069.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He later appeared in [[Sekhar Kammula]]'s ''[[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|Life is Beautiful]]'' (2012) in a minor role.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda to star in Anand Shankar's next |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-deverakonda-star-anand-shankars-next-77296 |work=[[The News Minute]] |access-date=12 March 2021 |date=2 March 2018 |archive-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803180353/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-deverakonda-star-anand-shankars-next-77296 |url-status=live }}</ref> He was introduced to [[Nag Ashwin]], who later cast him in a supporting role for the 2015 coming-of-age drama ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]'' alongside actor [[Nani (actor)|Nani]].<ref name=i>{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/an-eye-for-story/article6874716.ece |title=An eye for story |newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=30 August 2017 |date=9 February 2015 |last1=Chowdhary |first1=Y. Sunita|archive-date=25 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625014600/http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/an-eye-for-story/article6874716.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> The film was produced by the daughters of [[Ashwini Dutt]], a producer in the Telugu film industry; [[Priyanka Dutt]] backed him and once shooting started, [[Swapna Dutt]] signed him onto her company.<ref name=j>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSstKbH8NQg |title=Swapna Dutt Speech – Yevade Subramanyam Audio Launch Live – Nani, Malavika Nair |last=Vyjayanthi Network |date=21 February 2015|access-date=30 August 2017 |via=YouTube|archive-date=7 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307135054/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oSstKbH8NQg|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=k>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiokhushi.com/news/details/1501/Evade-Subramanyam-says-Nani |title='Evade Subramanyam' says Nani |last=Radiokhushi |website=www.radiokhushi.com|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=30 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830054500/http://www.radiokhushi.com/news/details/1501/Evade-Subramanyam-says-Nani|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Breakthrough (2016–2018) ===
[[File:Vijay Devarakonda at YouTube FanFest.png|thumb|right|Deverakonda at [[YouTube]] Fan Fest in 2018]]
Deverakonda's first lead role was in ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]'', a coming-of-age romance film directed by [[Tharun Bhascker]]. The film became commercially successful and won the [[Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu]] and the [[National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu|Best Feature Film in Telugu]] at the [[64th National Film Awards]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=64th National Film Awards 2017 |url=http://www.dff.nic.in/images/Documents/35_64th_NFA_2016_Catalogue.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725181620/http://dff.nic.in/images/Documents/35_64th_NFA_2016_Catalogue.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2020 |access-date=24 August 2020 |publisher=[[Directorate of Film Festivals]]}}</ref><ref name="m">{{cite web |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=VIJAY-DEVERAKONDA-SIGNS-HIS-NEXT-08062015108013 |title=The Times Group |website=epaperbeta.timesofindia.com|access-date=30 August 2017|archive-date=27 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827004228/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31809&articlexml=VIJAY-DEVERAKONDA-SIGNS-HIS-NEXT-08062015108013|url-status=dead}}</ref> He starred in the [[masala film]] ''[[Dwaraka (film)|Dwaraka]]'' in 2017. He next starred in the romantic drama ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' which received both praise and criticism for being bold and radical.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Reddy movie review: Vijay Devarakonda-starrer heralds a new chapter in Telugu cinema |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/arjun-reddy-movie-review-vijay-devarakonda-starrer-heralds-a-new-chapter-in-telugu-cinema-3972675.html |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |date=25 August 2017 |archive-date=28 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128093720/http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/arjun-reddy-movie-review-vijay-devarakonda-starrer-heralds-a-new-chapter-in-telugu-cinema-3972675.html |url-status=live }}</ref> However, his portrayal of a self-destructive, short-tempered, and alcoholic surgeon received widespread critical acclaim, and won him the [[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/womens-groups-protest-against-arjun-reddy-vijayawada-demand-ban-films-screening-67695 |title=Women's groups protest against 'Arjun Reddy' in Vijayawada, demand ban on film's screening |date=1 September 2017 |work=The News Minute|access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902210331/http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/womens-groups-protest-against-arjun-reddy-vijayawada-demand-ban-films-screening-67695|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html |title=Arjun Reddy movie review: Intense, raw and unbelievably honest. 5 stars |date=26 August 2017 |work=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 August 2017|archive-date=28 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828064815/http://www.hindustantimes.com/movie-reviews/arjun-reddy-movie-review-intense-raw-and-unbelievably-honest-5-stars/story-kSroTBJoqiGlTBavkdlVeK.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, ''[[Film Companion]]'' ranked Deverakonda's performance in ''[[Arjun Reddy]]'' in "100 Greatest Performances of the Decade"''.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade |url=https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219043509/https://www.filmcompanion.in/best-of-the-decade/100-best-performances-indian-cinema.html|archive-date=19 December 2019|access-date=26 November 2019 |website=100 Greatest Performances of the Decade}}</ref>

Deverakonda starred in multiple films in 2018, the first of which was the delayed ''[[Ye Mantram Vesave]]'', which was initially supposed to release in 2013. He played a pivotal role in the notable biographical film ''[[Mahanati]]'', based on the life of actress [[Savitri (actress)|Savitri]]. Deverakonda's most successful release of 2018 was [[Geetha Arts]]' romantic comedy ''[[Geetha Govindam]]'', in which he played a naive and nervous college professor alongside [[Rashmika Mandanna]]. The film received mixed-to-positive reviews upon release, and proved to his highest-grossing release grossing {{INR}}130 crore worldwide. He next appeared in the Tamil political thriller ''[[NOTA (film)|NOTA]]'', directed by [[Anand Shankar]], which performed poorly at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telugu360.com/nota-worldwide-closing-collections-disaster/ |title='NOTA' Worldwide Closing Collections – Disaster |date=27 October 2018 |work=Telugu360.com|access-date=28 October 2018|archive-date=28 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028225638/https://www.telugu360.com/nota-worldwide-closing-collections-disaster/|url-status=dead}}</ref> His final film in 2018 was UV Creations' supernatural comedy thriller ''[[Taxiwaala]]'', which garnered good box office returns.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/taxiwaala/movie-review/66664880.cms |title=Taxiwaala Movie Review |newspaper=The Times of India |access-date=5 January 2023 |archive-date=5 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105080000/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movie-reviews/taxiwaala/movie-review/66664880.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Career downturn (2019–present)===

In 2019, Deverakonda was seen in [[Bharat Kamma]]'s ''[[Dear Comrade]]'', a romantic action drama, alongside [[Rashmika Mandanna]]. He later signed ''Hero,'' directed by Anand Annamalai co-starring [[Malavika Mohanan]] but the film was reportedly shelved after beginning production.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda's Hero shelved |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/23/vijay-deverakondas-hero-shelved-13160.html |access-date=12 March 2021 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=23 July 2019 |archive-date=18 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618065243/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2019/jul/23/vijay-deverakondas-hero-shelved-13160.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, he acted in [[Kranthi Madhav]]'s romantic drama ''[[World Famous Lover]]'' opposite [[Raashii Khanna]], [[Catherine Tresa]], [[Aishwarya Rajesh]], and [[Izabelle Leite]] which opened to negative reviews.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/211018/vijay-deverakondas-new-film-rolls-out.html |title=Vijay Deverakonda's new film rolls out! |publisher=Deccanchronicle.com |date=21 October 2018 |access-date=17 August 2019 |archive-date=24 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924085223/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/211018/vijay-deverakondas-new-film-rolls-out.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2022, he acted in the [[Hindi]]–[[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual film ''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]'' which was directed by [[Puri Jagannadh]] and produced by [[Karan Johar]] which also opened to highly negative reviews.<ref name="bilingual">{{cite web |date=20 February 2020 |title=Ananya Panday to star opposite Vijay Devarakonda in Puri Jagannadh's next |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/feb/20/ananya-panday-to-star-opposite-vijay-devarakonda-in-puri-jagannadhs-next-2106120.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605191550/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/hindi/2020/feb/20/ananya-panday-to-star-opposite-vijay-devarakonda-in-puri-jagannadhs-next-2106120.html |archive-date=5 June 2020 |access-date=5 June 2020 |work=New Indian Express}}</ref><ref name="liger">{{cite web |date=18 January 2021 |title=Vijay Deverakonda-Ananya Panday's film titled 'Liger', Karan Johar shares 'punching' first look |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vijay-deverakonda-ananya-panday-film-titled-liger-karan-johar-shares-punching-first-look-2868796 |access-date=18 January 2021 |work=Daily News & Analysis |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118044842/https://www.dnaindia.com/entertainment/report-vijay-deverakonda-ananya-panday-film-titled-liger-karan-johar-shares-punching-first-look-2868796 |url-status=live }}</ref> He then starred in ''[[Kushi (2023 film)|Kushi]]'' which was directed by Shiva Nirvana and it opened to mixed reviews.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda And Samantha Ruth Prabhu Starrer Kushi Gets Mixed Reactions |url=https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/kushi-twitter-review-vijay-deverakonda-and-samantha-ruth-prabhu-starrer-gets-mixed-reactions-1626845 |access-date=27 September 2023 |work=ABP News |date=1 September 2023 |archive-date=2 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902183304/https://news.abplive.com/entertainment/movies/kushi-twitter-review-vijay-deverakonda-and-samantha-ruth-prabhu-starrer-gets-mixed-reactions-1626845 |url-status=live }}</ref> The film was an average grosser at the box office.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sharma |first=Dishya |date=26 September 2023 |title=Netflix Pays THIS Amount To Acquire Digital Rights Of Vijay Deverakonda, Samantha Ruth Prabhu's Kushi: Report |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/netflix-pays-this-amount-to-acquire-digital-rights-of-vijay-deverakonda-samantha-ruth-prabhus-kushi-report-8593071.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928103351/https://www.news18.com/movies/netflix-pays-this-amount-to-acquire-digital-rights-of-vijay-deverakonda-samantha-ruth-prabhus-kushi-report-8593071.html |archive-date=28 September 2023 |work=news18 |access-date=28 September 2023}}</ref> In 2024, Deverakonda starred in ''[[The Family Star]]'', which was a [[box-office bomb]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Raju |first=Sirigadhi |date=19 October 2023 |title=Vijay Deverakonda, Parasuram, Dil Raju-Sirish's VD13/SVC54 titled as "Family Star", Title Teaser Out now |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/vijay-deverakonda-parasuram-dil-raju-sirishs-vd13svc54-titled-as-family-star-title-teaser-out-now-830978 |work=[[Hans India]] |access-date=19 October 2023 |archive-date=19 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019065511/https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/vijay-deverakonda-parasuram-dil-raju-sirishs-vd13svc54-titled-as-family-star-title-teaser-out-now-830978 |url-status=live }}</ref> Late that year, he was seen in a cameo appearance as the warrior [[Arjuna]] in [[Nag Ashwin]]'s science-fiction epic ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Mukherjee |first=Aninidita |date=28 June 2024 |title=Vijay Deverakonda shines as Arjun in 'Kalki 2898 AD', fans call his cameo 'powerful' |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/vijay-deverakonda-arjun-kalki-2898-ad-prabhas-fans-praise-cameo-2559665-2024-06-28 |magazine=India Today |access-date=10 July 2024}}</ref>

== Other work ==
Deverakonda was the brand ambassador of food delivery app [[Zomato]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda as Zomato brand ambassador – TV9 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQzjp60hUeo |access-date=6 March 2020 |work=[[TV9 Telugu]] |date=22 August 2019 |archive-date=29 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829104300/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQzjp60hUeo&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref> On 15 October 2018, he launched his fashion brand ''Rowdy Wear''.<ref name="Vyas"/> Later, in 2020 ''Rowdy Wear'' was launched on [[Myntra]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Vijay Deverakonda launches his fashion brand 'Rowdy Wear' on Myntra |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-vijay-deverakonda-launches-his-fashion-brand-rowdy-wear-myntra-117989 |access-date=12 February 2020 |work=[[The News Minute]] |date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217083811/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/actor-vijay-deverakonda-launches-his-fashion-brand-rowdy-wear-myntra-117989 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Deverakonda has donated to relief funds, including a donation to families of victims in the [[2019 Pulwama attack]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/aug/13/kerala-floods-vijay-devarakonda-contributes-to-cms-flood-relief-fund-1856897.html |title=Kerala floods: Vijay Devarakonda contributes to CM's flood relief fund |website=The New Indian Express|date=13 August 2018 |access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221152817/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/malayalam/2018/aug/13/kerala-floods-vijay-devarakonda-contributes-to-cms-flood-relief-fund-1856897.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://telanganatoday.com/actor-vijay-devarakonda-donates-rs-25-lakh-cms-relief-fund |title=Actor Vijay Devarakonda donates Rs 25 lakh to CM's Relief Fund |last=TelanganaToday |website=Telangana Today|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021204322/https://telanganatoday.com/actor-vijay-devarakonda-donates-rs-25-lakh-cms-relief-fund|archive-date=21 October 2019|access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-02-16/Vijay-Devarakondas-Donation-for-Martyrs-Families/496050 |title=Vijay Devarakonda's Donation for Martyrs' Families |last=HansIndia |date=16 February 2019 |website=www.thehansindia.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324132748/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2019-02-16/Vijay-Devarakondas-Donation-for-Martyrs-Families/496050|archive-date=24 March 2019|access-date=27 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amid heavy rainfall and floods, Vijay Devarakonda donates 10 lakhs to Telangana CM relief fund |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/amid-heavy-rainfall-and-floods-vijay-devarakonda-donates-50-lakhs-to-telangana-cm-relief-fund/articleshow/78770335.cms |date=21 October 2020 |access-date=21 October 2020 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=26 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526234546/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/amid-heavy-rainfall-and-floods-vijay-devarakonda-donates-50-lakhs-to-telangana-cm-relief-fund/articleshow/78770335.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Deverakonda conceptualised and founded The Deverakonda Foundation'','' a [[nonprofit organisation]] in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vijay Deverakonda helps over 17,000 families through his Middle-Class Fund |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-helps-over-17000-families-through-his-middle-class-fund|access-date=1 July 2020 |website=National Herald |date=4 June 2020 |language=en|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701164638/https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-helps-over-17000-families-through-his-middle-class-fund|url-status=live}}</ref> In early 2020, he donated ₹24,000 through the Foundation to help Ganesh Ambari, a kickboxer who won the Vaco Indian Open International Kick-boxing Championship Title 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/today/ganesh-goldmedal-deverakonda-support.html |title=Kickboxer Ganesh won gold medal with Deverakonda foundation financial support – idlebrain.com news |website=www.idlebrain.com|access-date=27 April 2020|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228063834/http://idlebrain.com/news/today/ganesh-goldmedal-deverakonda-support.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

An initiative was started to battle [[COVID-19 pandemic]] crisis. The foundation has successfully aided 17,000 middle-class families with their groceries and basic essentials, spending [[Indian rupee|₹]]1.7 [[crore]]s, with the help of his Middle Class Fund (MCF). More than 8,500 volunteers donated over ₹1.5 crores to join his community effort.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 June 2020 |title=Vijay Deverakonda's foundation raises Rs 1.7 crore amid lockdown, shuts down operations from June 2 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-deverakonda-s-foundation-raises-rs-1-7-crore-amid-lockdown-shuts-down-operations-from-june-2/story-6iQviW4UUCirbNudhWHi4H.html|access-date=1 July 2020 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en|archive-date=29 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629003915/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/vijay-deverakonda-s-foundation-raises-rs-1-7-crore-amid-lockdown-shuts-down-operations-from-june-2/story-6iQviW4UUCirbNudhWHi4H.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=India-West |first=R. M. VIJAYAKAR/Special to |title=Vijay Deverakonda's Foundation Helped Over 17,700 Working Class Families With Essentials |url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/vijay-deverakonda-s-foundation-helped-over-17-700-working-class-families-with-essentials/article_0ff152be-a81d-11ea-bdc5-273f4e2a2148.html|access-date=1 July 2020 |website=India West |language=en|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703201402/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/vijay-deverakonda-s-foundation-helped-over-17-700-working-class-families-with-essentials/article_0ff152be-a81d-11ea-bdc5-273f4e2a2148.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Organisers decided to end the initiative on 2 June 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network |first=Newsmeter |date=5 June 2020 |title=If Sood helped migrants return home, Deverakonda ensures people don't be hungry |url=https://newsmeter.in/the-deverakonda-foundation-ensures-people-dont-be-sleep-empty-stomach/|access-date=1 July 2020 |website=[[NewsMeter]] |language=en-US|archive-date=1 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701154509/https://newsmeter.in/the-deverakonda-foundation-ensures-people-dont-be-sleep-empty-stomach/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Govardhan |first1=Maragani |title=Vijay Deverakonda Free Vacation: ఫ్యాన్స్‌కు విజయ్ బంపర్ ఆఫర్.. ఫ్రీగా హాలీడేకు పంపిస్తున్న రౌడీ హీరో |url=https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-offers-free-holiday-packages-for-fans-on-name-of-devera-santa-121672043371544.html |access-date=13 July 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=26 December 2022 |language=te |archive-date=1 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001220558/https://telugu.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-offers-free-holiday-packages-for-fans-on-name-of-devera-santa-121672043371544.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Devarkonda opened his first multiplex theatre in Mahbubnagar in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Devarakonda Proudly Announces The Opening Of His First Theatre In Mahbubnagar |url=https://pragativadi.com/vijay-devarakonda-proudly-announces-the-opening-of-his-first-theatre-in-mahbubnagar/ |access-date=22 December 2023 |work=Pragativadi News |date=21 September 2021 |archive-date=22 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231222122155/https://pragativadi.com/vijay-devarakonda-proudly-announces-the-opening-of-his-first-theatre-in-mahbubnagar/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== In the media ==
[[File:Vijay Deverakonda at Rowdy Sundowner Party 2020.jpg|thumb|right|Deverakonda at Rowdy Sundowner Party 2020<ref>{{cite news |title=Vijay Devarakonda joins hands with Myntra for 'Rowdy Wear' |url=https://telanganatoday.com/vijay-devarakonda-joins-hands-with-myntra-for-rowdy-wear |access-date=11 April 2021 |work=Telangana Today |date=12 February 2020 |archive-date=30 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930221924/https://telanganatoday.com/vijay-devarakonda-joins-hands-with-myntra-for-rowdy-wear |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
Deverakonda says his family used to call him a ''rowdy'' every time he did something that they did not approve of. Over time, he started using this term for himself and his fans.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/jul/17/homegrown-actor-vijay-deverakonda-redefines-rowdy-1844400.html |title=Homegrown actor Vijay Deverakonda redefines 'Rowdy' |publisher=The Indian Express |date=17 July 2018|access-date=4 August 2019|archive-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803232154/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2018/jul/17/homegrown-actor-vijay-deverakonda-redefines-rowdy-1844400.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/with-nota-vijay-devarakonda-is-all-set-to-conquer-tamil-audiences-what-makes-the-young-star-so-popular-5322251.html/amp |title=Vijay Devarakonda likes to call it 'Rowdy' |publisher=First post |date=5 October 2018|access-date=4 August 2019|archive-date=3 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803232155/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/with-nota-vijay-devarakonda-is-all-set-to-conquer-tamil-audiences-what-makes-the-young-star-so-popular-5322251.html/amp|url-status=dead}}</ref> Deverakonda is known to express his real, honest, and unfiltered opinions on stage or during interviews, for which he has gathered a lot of popularity and criticism,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arjun Reddy speech, Is it a publicity drama? – Filmy Focus |url=https://filmyfocus.com/arjun-reddy-speech-is-it-a-publicity-drama/ |last1=Focus |first1=Filmy |date=24 August 2017 |language=en-US|access-date=2 May 2020|archive-date=29 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129234914/http://filmyfocus.com/arjun-reddy-speech-is-it-a-publicity-drama/|url-status=live}}</ref> as seen during his speech at the audio launch of ''Arjun Reddy'', in 2017.<ref>{{Citation |title=Vijay Devarakonda Ultimate Speech {{!}} Arjun Reddy Audio Launch {{!}}{{!}} Vijay Devarakonda {{!}}{{!}} Shalini| date=21 August 2017 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBgg-oZKTik|language=en|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=9 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309215426/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBgg-oZKTik|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/vijay-zany-speech-marks-arjun-reddy-pre-release-event-telugu-news-193775 |title=Vijay's zany speech marks 'Arjun Reddy' pre-release event – Telugu News |date=21 August 2017 |website=IndiaGlitz.com|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824233339/http://www.indiaglitz.com/vijay-zany-speech-marks-arjun-reddy-pre-release-event-telugu-news-193775|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2017/aug/23/i-dont-like-to-be-modest-says-vijay-devarakonda-1646855.html |title=I don't like to be modest, says Vijay Devarakonda |website=The New Indian Express|access-date=29 April 2020|archive-date=1 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101183813/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2017/aug/23/i-dont-like-to-be-modest-says-vijay-devarakonda-1646855.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Deverakonda placed 72nd in the [[Forbes India]] Celebrity 100 list of 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=2018 Celebrity 100 |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205065534/http://www.forbesindia.com/lists/2018-celebrity-100/1735/1|archive-date=5 December 2018|access-date=5 December 2018 |website=[[Forbes India]]}}</ref> He was ranked in [[The Times of India|The Times Most Desirable Men]] at No. 4<ref>{{Cite news |title=Meet India's most desirable dudes |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-is-the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2018/articleshow/69361561.cms |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=24 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824154131/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/vicky-kaushal-is-the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2018/articleshow/69361561.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2018, at No. 3<ref>{{Cite web |title=Times 50 Most Desirable Men: Here are the stars who bagged the place in the coveted list |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/times-50-most-desirable-men-here-are-the-stars-who-bagged-the-place-in-the-coveted-list/641041 |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=www.timesnownews.com |date=22 August 2020 |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210806141355/https://www.timesnownews.com/the-buzz/article/times-50-most-desirable-men-here-are-the-stars-who-bagged-the-place-in-the-coveted-list/641041 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2019, at No. 2<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Times Most Desirable Man of 2020: Sushant Singh Rajput – Philosopher, dreamer, charmer |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2020-sushant-singh-rajput-philosopher-dreamer-charmer/articleshow/83239123.cms |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=5 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210605002021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/the-times-most-desirable-man-of-2020-sushant-singh-rajput-philosopher-dreamer-charmer/articleshow/83239123.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> in 2020. He was additionally featured by ''[[Forbes India]]'' in their [[Forbes 30 Under 30|30 Under 30]] list,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.forbesindia.com/thirtyprofile2019/vijay-deverakonda/1755/21 |title=Vijay Deverakonda – Forbes India Magazine |website=Forbes India |language=en|access-date=11 November 2019|archive-date=11 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111072011/http://www.forbesindia.com/thirtyprofile2019/vijay-deverakonda/1755/21|url-status=dead}}</ref> and became the most-searched South Indian actor according to Google's annual report.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-is-the-most-searched-south-indian-actor-in-2019/articleshow/72490028.cms |title=Vijay Deverakonda is the most-searched South Indian actor in 2019 |website=The Times of India |language=en|access-date=5 March 2020|archive-date=15 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191215151105/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-is-the-most-searched-south-indian-actor-in-2019/articleshow/72490028.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As of August 2024, he is one of the most-followed Telugu actors on [[Instagram]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/top-10-tollywood-actors-who-are-ruling-social-media-1815425|title=Top 10 Tollywood actors who are ruling social media|first=Bhavana|last=Sharma|date=10 August 2024|website=www.deccanchronicle.com|access-date=23 December 2024|archive-date=5 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005165539/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/top-10-tollywood-actors-who-are-ruling-social-media-1815425|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Controversies ==
In June 2025, a case under the SC/ST Act was filed against him for his alleged comments against the tribal community following the [[2025 Pahalgam attack|Pahalgam terror attack]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Trouble for Vijay Devarakonda: Actor booked for tribals remark; case filed under SC/ST Act |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/trouble-for-vijay-devarakonda-actor-booked-for-tribals-remark-case-filed-under-sc/st-act/articleshow/122005763.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=22 June 2025 |access-date=22 June 2025}}</ref>

On 11 November 2025, Deverakonda, and [[Prakash Raj]] were questioned by the Crime Investigation Department (CID) in connection with an ongoing investigation into the alleged promotion of online betting apps. As of November 2025, the case is still under investigation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda and Prakash Raj appear before Telangana CID; questioned by SIT in betting app case - Report |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-and-prakash-raj-appear-before-telangana-cid-questioned-by-sit-in-betting-app-case-report/articleshow/125266678.cms |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257 |date=12 November 2025 |access-date=13 November 2025}}</ref>

== Filmography ==
{{Pending films key}}

===As an actor===
* ''All films are in Telugu, otherwise noted''
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable"
|+ List of Vijay Devarakonda film credits
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role(s)
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | {{ref heading}}
|-
! scope="row" | 2011
| ''[[Nuvvila]]''
| Vishnu
| Credited as Vijay Sai
|<ref name="Vogue">{{cite news |date=25 March 2020 |title=5 Telegu movies starring Vijay Deverakonda you can watch now on Prime Video, Zee5 and more |language=en-IN |work=Vogue India |url=https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/telegu-movies-vijay-deverakonda-watch-on-prime-video-zee5-and-sunnxt |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418230341/https://www.vogue.in/culture-and-living/content/telegu-movies-vijay-deverakonda-watch-on-prime-video-zee5-and-sunnxt |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2012
| ''[[Life Is Beautiful (2012 film)|Life Is Beautiful]]''
| Ajay
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-recalls-his-big-break-picked-from-16000-applicants-for-life-is-beautiful/articleshow/122152909.cms|title=Vijay Deverakonda recalls his big break: Picked from 16,000 applicants for 'Life is Beautiful|date=30 June 2025|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
| ''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]''
| Rishi
|
| <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-reveals-he-wore-film-costumes-to-promote-yevade-subramanyam-as-he-couldnt-afford-new-clothes/articleshow/123983643.cms|title=Vijay Deverakonda reveals he wore film costumes to promote 'Yevade Subramanyam' as he couldn't afford new clothes|date=19 September 2025|work= The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2016
| ''[[Pelli Choopulu]]''
| Prashanth
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/movie-reviews/310716/pelli-choopulu-movie-review-a-breath-of-fresh-air.html|title=Pelli Choopulu movie review: A breath of fresh air | Pelli Choopulu movie review: A breath of fresh air|first=suresh|last=kavirayani|date=31 July 2016|website=www.deccanchronicle.com}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2017
| ''[[Dwaraka (film)|Dwaraka]]''
| Erra Srinu aka Sri {{no wrap | Krishnananda Swamy}}
|
|<ref>{{cite news |date=26 August 2016 |title=Never thought I could dance: Vijay Deverakonda |language=en |work=Deccan Chronicle |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/260816/never-thought-i-could-dance-vijay-deverakonda.html |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927112102/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/260816/never-thought-i-could-dance-vijay-deverakonda.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Arjun Reddy]]''
| Dr. Arjun Reddy Deshmukh
| Credited as Devarakonda Vijay Sai
|<ref>{{cite web |date=17 June 2018 |title=Complete Winners List of BGM 2018 |url=https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/winners-list-of-behindwoods-gold-medal-awards-2018.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626191634/https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-movies-cinema-news-16/winners-list-of-behindwoods-gold-medal-awards-2018.html |archive-date=26 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2018}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="6" | 2018
| ''[[Ye Mantram Vesave]]''
| Nikhil "Nikki"
| Delayed film; shot in 2013
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dundoo |first1=Sangeetha Devi |date=9 March 2018 |title='Ye Mantram Vesave' review: Backlog best forgotten |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ye-mantram-vesave-backlog-best-forgotten/article23000492.ece |access-date=24 November 2020 |archive-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227042502/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/ye-mantram-vesave-backlog-best-forgotten/article23000492.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Mahanati]]''
| Vijay Anthony
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2018 |title=Nag Ashwin on Mahanati: The film is very honest |language=en |work=The Indian Express |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/keerthy-suresh-nag-ashwin-mahanati-5168288/ |url-status=live |access-date=2 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519100337/http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/keerthy-suresh-nag-ashwin-mahanati-5168288/ |archive-date=19 May 2018}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Geetha Govindam]]''
| Vijay Govind
| Also singer for "What the Life"
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dundoo |first=Sangeetha Devi |date=15 August 2018 |title='Geetha Govindam' review: The good guy takes over |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/geetha-govindam-review-this-vijay-deverakonda-film-is-an-antithesis-to-arjun-reddy/article24696712.ece |access-date=26 December 2021 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404213857/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/geetha-govindam-review-this-vijay-deverakonda-film-is-an-antithesis-to-arjun-reddy/article24696712.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[NOTA (film)|NOTA]]''
| Varun Subramanyam
| [[Tamil language|Tamil]] film
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 September 2018 |title=NOTA trailer: Vijay Devarakonda's Tamil debut sees him as a reluctant politician fighting a corrupt system |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nota-trailer-vijay-devarakondas-tamil-debut-sees-him-as-a-reluctant-politician-fighting-a-corrupt-system-5129711.html |access-date=26 December 2021 |website=Firstpost |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226145559/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nota-trailer-vijay-devarakondas-tamil-debut-sees-him-as-a-reluctant-politician-fighting-a-corrupt-system-5129711.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Ee Nagaraniki Emaindhi]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pecheti |first1=Prakash |date=29 June 2018 |title=Ee Nagaraniki Emaindi: Tharun Bhascker is back with yet another thorough entertainer |work=Telangana Today |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ee-nagaraniki-emaindi-tharun-bhascker-is-back-with-yet-another-thorough-entertainer |access-date=24 November 2020}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Taxiwaala]]''
| Shiva Rawaali
|
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-looks-rebellious-best-in-taxiwaala-first-look/articleshow/63454091.cms|title=Vijay Deverakonda looks rebellious best in 'Taxiwaala' first look|date=25 March 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2019
| ''[[Dear Comrade]]''
| Chaitanya "Bobby" Krishna
|
|<ref name="NIE">{{cite news |date=13 July 2019 |title=Dear Comrade will not see Hindi version |work=New Indian Express |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jul/13/dear-comrade-will-not-see-hindi-version-2003232.html |url-status=dead |access-date=15 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714154608/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/telugu/2019/jul/13/dear-comrade-will-not-see-hindi-version-2003232.html |archive-date=14 July 2019}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Meeku Maathrame Cheptha]]''
| Himself
| Cameo appearance; Also producer
|<ref name="auto">{{cite news |date=29 August 2019 |title=Vijay Deverakonda's debut production venture titled 'Meeku Maathrame Cheptha' |work=The News Minute |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-deverakondas-debut-production-venture-titled-meeku-maathrame-cheptha-108058 |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191016142433/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vijay-deverakondas-debut-production-venture-titled-meeku-maathrame-cheptha-108058 |archive-date=16 October 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2020
| ''[[World Famous Lover]]''
| Gautham / Seenayya "Srinu" Prajapat
|
|<ref>{{cite news |date=17 September 2019 |title=Vijay Devarakonda's World Famous Lover |work=Telugu 360 Indian |url=https://www.telugu360.com/vijay-devarakondas-world-famous-lover/ |url-status=dead |access-date=17 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102121703/https://www.telugu360.com/vijay-devarakondas-world-famous-lover/ |archive-date=2 November 2019}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2021
|''[[Jathi Ratnalu]]''
| Court attendee
| Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Keerthy Suresh opens up about her cameo in Naveen Polishetty starrer Jathi Ratnalu |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-opens-up-about-her-cameo-in-naveen-polishetty-starrer-jathi-ratnalu/articleshow/81493283.cms |access-date=14 March 2021 |website=The Times of India |archive-date=14 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210314090058/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/keerthy-suresh-opens-up-about-her-cameo-in-naveen-polishetty-starrer-jathi-ratnalu/articleshow/81493283.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2022
| ''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]''
| Lion Tiger Balram Agarwal / Sashwath Agarwal (Liger)
|[[Hindi]]-[[Telugu language|Telugu]] bilingual film
|<ref name="liger" />
|-
! scope="row" | 2023
| [[Kushi (2023 film)|''Kushi'']]
| Viplav
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2023 |title=Vijay Deverakonda And Team Of 'Kushi' Welcome Fighter' Samantha As She Resumes Shooting {{!}} See Pics |url=https://www.thedailyjagran.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-and-team-of-kushi-welcome-fighter-samantha-ruth-prabhu-as-she-resumes-shooting-see-pics-10068226 |access-date=10 March 2023 |website=English Jagran |language=en |archive-date=10 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310063846/https://english.jagran.com/entertainment/vijay-deverakonda-and-team-of-kushi-welcome-fighter-samantha-ruth-prabhu-as-she-resumes-shooting-see-pics-10068226 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="2" | 2024
| ''[[The Family Star]]''
| Govardhan
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=VD 13 wraps 50 per cent of its shoot |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/sep/27/vd-13-wraps-50-percentof-its-shoot-48060.html |access-date=2 October 2023 |work=[[Cinema Express]] |date=27 September 2023 |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928194448/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/telugu/news/2023/sep/27/vd-13-wraps-50-percentof-its-shoot-48060.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Kalki 2898 AD]]''
| [[Arjuna]]
|Cameo appearance
|<ref>{{cite news |title=Kalki 2898 AD Release and Review Live Updates: Prabhas confirms Dulquer Salmaan and Vijay Deverakonda's cameos in Nag Ashwin film |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/kalki-2898-ad-release-review-live-updates-prabhas-deepika-padukone-amitabh-bachchan-kamal-haasan-box-office-9416091/ |work=The Indian Express |date=26 June 2024 |access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" | 2025
| ''[[Kingdom (2025 film)|Kingdom]]''
| [[Constable]] Surya "Suri"
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda begins shooting for 'VD 12' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vijay-deverakonda-begins-shooting-for-vd-12/articleshow/101060393.cms |work=The Times of India |agency=ANI |date=17 June 2023 |access-date=9 April 2024 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" |2026
| {{Pending film|Ranabaali}}
| Ranabaali
|
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 January 2026 |last=Khan |first=Lubna |title=VD14: Title Of Vijay Deverakonda And Rashmika Mandanna's Film To Be Revealed On Republic Day |url=https://www.news18.com/movies/telugu-cinema/vd14-title-of-vijay-deverakonda-and-rashmika-mandannas-film-to-be-revealed-on-republic-day-ws-l-9854236.html |website=[[News18 India]] |access-date=25 January 2026}}</ref>
|-
|{{pending film|Rowdy Janardhana}}
| Rowdy Janardhana
|
|<ref>{{Cite news |title='VD15' Is Now 'Rowdy Janardhana'; Vijay Devarakonda Shines On Blood Soaked Intense Glimpse In 'The Biography Of A Wounded Man' |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/vd15-is-now-rowdy-janardhana-vijay-devarakonda-shines-on-blood-soaked-intense-poster-in-the-biography-of-a-wounded-man/articleshow/126123737.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=22 December 2025 |access-date=25 December 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== As a producer ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
!Year
!Title
!Notes
!Ref.
|-
|2019
|''[[Meeku Maathrame Cheptha]]''
|
|<ref name="auto"/>
|-
|2021
|''[[Pushpaka Vimanam]]''
|
|<ref name=":0">{{cite news |title=Vijay Deverakonda attends pre-release event of Pushpaka Vimanam: 'Anand Deverakonda has delivered a terrific performance' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-deverakonda-pre-release-event-anand-deverakonda-pushpaka-vimanam-7612227/ |work=The Indian Express |date=8 November 2021 |access-date=12 August 2022 |archive-date=15 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211215114316/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/telugu/vijay-deverakonda-pre-release-event-anand-deverakonda-pushpaka-vimanam-7612227/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

=== Television ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
! scope="col" | Network
! scope="col" | Notes
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Ref.
|-
| 2022 || ''[[Dance Ikon]]'' || Guest || [[Aha (streaming service)|aha]] || As part of ''[[Liger (film)|Liger]]'' promotions
| <ref>{{Cite news |url=https://telanganatoday.com/ahas-dance-ikon-launch-episode-to-feature-vijay-devarakonda-and-ananya-pandey |title=aha's 'Dance Ikon' launch episode to feature Vijay Devarakonda and Ananya Pandey |work=Telangana Today |date=26 August 2022 |access-date=30 October 2025}}</ref>
|}

=== Music video ===
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|-
! Year
! Song
!Language(s)
! Artist
! class="unsortable" | {{Tooltip|Ref.|Reference(s)}}
|-
| 2024
|"Sahiba"
| Hindi
| [[Jasleen Royal]] feat. [[Stebin Ben]]
|<ref name="Sahiba: Vijay Deverakonda, Radhikka Madan's music video is about timeless love">{{cite magazine |last1=Rao |first1=Anisha |date=15 November 2024 |title=Sahiba: Vijay Deverakonda, Radhikka Madan's music video is about timeless love |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/music/story/sahiba-vijay-deverakonda-radhikka-madan-music-video-is-about-timeless-love-2633962-2024-11-15 |magazine=India Today |access-date=17 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241117121403/https://www.indiatoday.in/music/story/sahiba-vijay-deverakonda-radhikka-madan-music-video-is-about-timeless-love-2633962-2024-11-15 |archive-date=17 November 2024}}</ref>
|}

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ List of Vijay Deverakonda awards and nominations
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Award
! scope="col" | Category
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Result
! class="unsortable" scope="col" | {{ref heading}}
|-
|2015
|[[Nandi Awards]]
|[[Nandi Special Jury Award|Special Jury Award]]
|''[[Yevade Subramanyam]]''
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2017 |first=Amrutha |last=Vasireddy |title=Nandi awards: Nandi Awards Winners List: AP government announces Nandi awards for 2014–2016 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61655551.cms |access-date=10 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=22 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222065941/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/13-nandi-awards-for-baahubali/articleshow/61655551.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|2017
| [[Zee Cine Awards Telugu|Zee Golden Awards]]
|Best Actor
| rowspan="3" |''[[Arjun Reddy]]''
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=1 January 2018 |title=Zee Telugu Golden Awards 2017 winners list and photos |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-telugu-golden-awards-2017-winners-list-photos-755196 |access-date=10 January 2021 |work=www.ibtimes.co.in |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180608070256/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/zee-telugu-golden-awards-2017-winners-list-photos-755196 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[65th Filmfare Awards South|2018]]
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu|Best Actor – Telugu]]
|{{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners of the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28887.html |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Filmfare |date=16 June 2018 |archive-date=20 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620082346/https://www.filmfare.com/features/winners-of-the-65th-jio-filmfare-awards-south-2018_-28887.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[7th South Indian International Movie Awards|2018]]
| rowspan="3" |[[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| rowspan="2" |[[SIIMA Award for Best Actor (Telugu)|Best Actor (Telugu)]]
|{{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hooli |first=Shekhar H. |date=5 August 2018 |title=SIIMA Awards 2018 – Telugu, Kannada nomination list out: Date, place of 7th edition revealed |url=https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-telugu-kannada-nomination-list-out-date-place-7th-edition-revealed-777016 |access-date=10 January 2021 |work=IB Times |language=en |archive-date=8 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808135901/https://www.ibtimes.co.in/siima-awards-2018-telugu-kannada-nomination-list-out-date-place-7th-edition-revealed-777016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |[[8th South Indian International Movie Awards|2019]]
| rowspan="3" |''[[Geetha Govindam]]''|| {{nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |title=SIIMA Awards 2019: Here's a complete list of nominees |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |access-date=10 January 2021 |work=The Times of India |language=en |date=19 July 2019 |archive-date=1 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801183932/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/siima-awards-2019-heres-a-complete-list-of-nominees/articleshow/70287216.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[South Indian International Movie Awards|Best Actor (Critics) – Telugu]]
| {{Won}}
|<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iyenger |first=Anusha |date=17 August 2019 |title=SIIMA Awards 2019 full winners list: Trisha Krishnan, Dhanush, Varalaxmi Sarathkumar take home trophies |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/siima-awards-2019-full-winners-list-vijay-deverakonda-keerthy-suresh-yash-win-big/470065|access-date=10 January 2021 |work=Times Now|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816125840/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment/south-gossip/article/siima-awards-2019-full-winners-list-vijay-deverakonda-keerthy-suresh-yash-win-big/470065|archive-date=16 August 2019}}</ref>
|-
|[[66th Filmfare Awards South|2019]]
| [[Filmfare Awards South]]
| Best Actor – Telugu
| {{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 66th Filmfare Awards (South) 2019 |url=https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |access-date=10 January 2021 |website=Filmfare |date=10 December 2019 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212141500/https://www.filmfare.com/features/nominations-for-the-66th-filmfare-awards-south-2019_-37931.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[10th South Indian International Movie Awards|2022]]
| [[South Indian International Movie Awards]]
| Youth Icon South (Male)
| {{N/A}}
| {{won}}
|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/siima-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-1144404#1 |title=SIIMA 2022: Check full list of winners |publisher=Deccan Herald |date=19 September 2022 |access-date=24 December 2022 |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922034205/https://www.deccanherald.com/dh-galleries/photos/siima-2022-check-full-list-of-winners-1144404#1 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Vijay Devarakonda}}
* {{IMDb name|4797922}}
* {{Instagram}}
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/vijay-deverakonda/ Vijay Deverakonda] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]

{{Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}{{SIIMA Critics Award for Best Actor – Telugu}}{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Deverakonda, Vijay}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Filmfare Awards South winners]]
[[Category:Male actors from Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male stage actors]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Male actors from Telangana]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Male actors in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Nandi Award winners]]
[[Category:People from Nagarkurnool district]]
[[Category:South Indian International Movie Awards winners]]
[[Category:Telugu male actors]]
[[Category:Gaddar Telangana Film Awards winners]]

Shahaji

2026-03-23T20:50:20Z

KobyQ0272234: slightly enhance section based on references and improved wording

{{Short description|Father of Shivaji Bhonsle and eldest son of Maloji Raje Bhonsle (1594–1664)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}
{{use Indian English|date=February 2016}}{{Infobox royalty
| name = Shahaji Bhonsale
| image = Shahajiraje Bhosale.jpg
| caption = 1923 sketch depicting Shahaji
| succession = [[Jagirdar]] of [[Pune]] in [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
| reign =
| predecessor = [[Maloji]]
| successor = [[Shivaji]]
| succession1 = [[Jagirdar]] of [[Bangalore]] in [[Bijapur Sultanate]]
| reign1 =
| predecessor1 = Position Created
| successor1 = [[Ekoji]]
| predecessor2 = Position Created
| successor2 = [[Sambhaji Shahaji Bhosale|Sambhaji]]
| succession3 = [[Jagirdar]] of [[Pune]] in [[Ahmednagar Sultanate]]
| predecessor3 = [[Maloji]]
| successor3 = Position de-established
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1594|03|15|df=yes}}<ref name="z951">{{cite web | title=The Founding Of Maratha Freedom | last=Sharma | first=S. R.| website=Internet Archive | date=1 July 2015 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.96507/page/n91/mode/2up | access-date=31 October 2025 | page=80}}</ref><ref name="k456">{{cite web | title=Life And Letters Of Sir Jadunath Sarkar, Section 1 - 2 | last=Gupta | first=Hari Ram | website=Internet Archive | date=1 July 2015 | url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.98914/page/n153/mode/2up | access-date=31 October 2025 | page=132}}</ref>
| death_date = {{death date and age|1664|01|23|1594|03|15|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Davanagere district|Hodigere]], [[Bijapur Sultanate]] (present-day [[Karnataka]], India)<ref>{{cite book |author=A. R. Kulkarni |title=Marathas and the Marathas Country: The Marathas |year=1996 |isbn=9788185016504 |page=15 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kyBuAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
| father = [[Maloji]]
| spouse = [[Jijabai|Jijabai Jadhav]] Tukabai Mohite Chavan
| issue = [[Sambhaji Shahaji Bhosale|Sambhaji]] [[Shivaji]] [[Ekoji]] Koyaji Santaji<ref>Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II, Satish Chandra, p.327 [https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&dq=santaji+shahji+son&pg=PA327]</ref> Pratapji Bhivji Raibhanji Hiroji Farzand
| house = [[House of Bhonsle|Bhonsle]]
| occupation = Military General
| religion = [[Hinduism]]
}}

'''Shahaji Bhonsale''' ({{IPA|mr|ʃəˈɦaːdʑiː ˈbʱos(ə)le}}; 15 March 1594 – 23 January 1664) was a 17th-century Indian military leader who served the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]], the [[Bijapur Sultanate]], and the [[Mughal Empire]] at various points in his career. As a member of the [[House of Bhonsle (Royal House)|Bhonsle dynasty]], Shahaji inherited the [[Pune]] and [[Supa, Parner|Supe]] [[jagir]]s (fiefs) from his father [[Maloji Bhosale|Maloji]], who previously served the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. During the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] invasion of the [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]], Shahaji joined the Mughal forces and served under Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] for a short period. After being deprived of his [[jagir]]s, he defected to the [[Bijapur Sultanate]] in 1632 and regained control over Pune and Supe. In 1638, he received the jagir of [[Bangalore]] after Bijapur's invasion of Kempe Gowda III's territories. Afterwards, he became the chief general of Bijapur and oversaw its expansion.<ref>{{cite book |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&pg=PA315 |author=Farooqui Salma Ahmed |publisher=Pearson |year=2011 |isbn=9788131732021 |page=315 }}</ref> He was the father of [[Shivaji]], the founder of the [[Maratha Empire|Maratha Kingdom]].

== Early life ==
Shahaji was on 15 March 1594 to [[Maloji Bhosale]], a Maratha warrior and nobleman who had been awarded the [[jagir]]s of [[Pune]] and [[Supa, Parner|Supe]], Ellora, Dheradi, Kannrad and some more villages in the districts of Jafrabad, [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] and [[Ahilyanagar|Ahmadabad]] by Sultan Murtuza Nizamshah of Ahmadnagar. According to ''Shiva Digvijay'',<ref>{{cite book |author=G. H. Khare |title=Studies in Indology and Medieval History |year=1974 |publisher=Joshi & Lokhande |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T8EtAQAAIAAJ |page=176 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=James W. Laine |chapter=A Question of Maharashtrian Identity: Hindu Self-definition in the Tales of Shivaji |editor=Meera Kosambi |title=Intersections: Socio-cultural Trends in Maharashtra |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=2000 |isbn=9788125018780 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XU8dmAiaZSgC&q=maloji&pg=PA59 |access-date=2022-11-15 |page=62 }}</ref> a text considered to be a modern forgery by historians such as [[Jadunath Sarkar]] and Surendra Nath Sen,<ref>{{cite book |author=Jagadish Narayan Sarkar |title=History of History Writing in Medieval India|quote="Sir J. N. Sarkar has categorised it as one of the later biographies or ‘bogus bakhars*, which ‘mostly copies the Sabhasad Bakhar and padded it out with Sanskrit quotations, miracles, rhetorical flourishes, commonplaces remarks, and details imagined from the probabilities of the case, and in some cases also forged letters’." |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12225 |year=1977 |publisher=Ratna Prakashan |page=[https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.12225/page/n31 7] }}</ref> Maloji's wife Umabai allegedly prayed in the tomb of [[Sufism|Sufi]] [[Pir (Sufism)|Pir]] Shah Sharif of Ahmadnagar to be blessed with a son. Later when Maloji and Umabai settled in [[Daulatabad Fort|Devagiri]], Umabai went on to give birth to two sons, first of whom was Shahaji and second one was Sharifji, born two years later.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/shivaji-the-great-1-dr.-balkrishna/page/52/mode/2up Shivaji The Great Vol I, Dr. Bal Krishna, p.53]</ref> Both were named after the Pir's own titles.
.

Shahaji was betrothed to [[Jijabai]], the daughter of [[Lakhuji Jadhav]], the Maratha Deshmukh of [[Sindkhed Raja|Sindkhed]] in the service of Ahmadnagar's Nizamshahi Sultanate, when both of them were children.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bhave|first1=Y.G.|title=From the death of Shivaji to the death of Aurangzeb : the critical years|date=2000|publisher=Northern Book Centre|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788172111007|page=19|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5kVk6msxUcC&q=shahaji+maloji+&pg=PR7}}</ref>

== Early career ==
Shahaji served in the army of [[Malik Ambar]], the prime minister of [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]]. At the time of Maloji's death in 1622, 26-year old Shahaji was a minor commander in Malik Ambar's army.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=44}} By 1625, he held the high military position of ''Sar Lashkar (major general)'', as suggested by a letter sent from Pune on 28 July.{{sfn|R. V. Oturkar|1956|p=272}}

Ahmadnagar was involved in conflicts against the northern [[Mughal Empire]] and other [[Deccan Sultanates]], and Shahaji kept switching his loyalty between these states. For example, sometime before the [[Battle of Bhatvadi]] in 1624, Shahaji and some other Maratha leaders defected to the Mughals, but shortly before the battle they returned to Ahmadnagar. Malik Ambar's army defeated a combined Mughal-[[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] force in the battle.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=44}} Subsequently, a quarrel arose between Shahaji and his cousin Kheloji Bhonsle, and in 1625 Shahaji shifted his allegiance to Bijapur,{{sfn|R. V. Oturkar|1956|p=273}} likely because he was dissatisfied with Ahmadnagar rewarding his relatives more than him. He retained his [[jagir]] in the [[Pune district|Pune]] region, which was disputed between Ahmadnagar and Bijapur.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=45}} A letter dated 10 January 1626 indicates that he still held the position of ''Sar Lashkar''.{{sfn|R. V. Oturkar|1956|p=273}}

[[Ibrahim Adil Shah II]], Shahaji's patron in Bijapur, died in September 1627.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=45}} Adil Shah, a [[Muslims|Muslim]], was tolerant towards Hindus like Shahaji and saw Ahmadnagar as a buffer state between his kingdom and the Mughal Empire. After his death, an orthodox Muslim faction that advocated for an alliance with the Mughals against Ahmadnagar grew stronger in Bijapur.{{sfn|R. V. Oturkar|1956|p=273}} Amid these circumstances, Shahaji returned to Ahmadnagar in early 1628{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=45}} under the patronage of Malik Ambar's son [[Fath Khan|Fatah Khan]].{{sfn|R. V. Oturkar|1956|p=273}} The power of Ahmadnagar had been declining after Malik Ambar's death in 1626, but Shahaji held a higher position there than the one he held in Bijapur. Meanwhile, the newly crowned Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] launched a fresh campaign against Ahmadnagar. In 1629, Shahaji led a 6,000-strong cavalry force against the Mughals in the [[Khandesh]] region but was defeated.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=45}}

In 1630, Shahaji's in-laws and patrons were murdered as a result of factional politics in the Ahmadnagar court,{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=45}} leading to Shahaji's defection to the Mughals along with a 2,000-strong cavalry unit.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|pp=45-46}} The Mughals sent him to occupy [[Junnar]] and [[Sangamner]] and gave these districts to him as a jagir.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}}

== War against the Mughals ==
{{Main|Battle of Bhatvadi|Siege of Daulatabad|Siege of Parenda (1634)}}
[[File:The siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633).jpg|thumb|The [[Mughal Army]] [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|captures Daulatabad Fort]] in the year 1633.]]
In 1632, Malik Ambar's son [[Fath Khan|Fatah Khan]] placed a puppet ruler on the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate|Ahmednagar]] throne and allied with the Mughals. As a reward, the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan granted him the ''jagir'' that had been earlier allotted to Shahaji.{{sfn|Satish Chandra|2005|p=204}} Shahaji then left the Mughal service and began to plunder the region around [[Pune district|Pune]]. When the Mughals sent an army against him, he took shelter with Hussein Shah the governor of [[Junnar]] and subsequently returned to Bijapur service.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}}

From 1630 to 1632, northern [[Maharashtra]] suffered from a severe famine, part of the [[Deccan famine of 1630–1632|Mahadurga famine]]. Bijapur sent an army to assist Ahmadnagar against the Mughals, who had [[Siege of Daulatabad (1633)|besieged the Daulatabad fort]], but the Mughals emerged victorious and captured [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]] in 1632, the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Shahaji retreated and took control of an area in the southern part of the Sultanate. This area included lands in the triangle formed by connecting the cities of [[Nashik]], [[Pune]], and [[Ahmadnagar]].{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}} Unlike southern Maharashtra, which was directly administered by the Bijapur government, this region was politically unstable because of the constant warfare between Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and the Mughals. The political control of the region had changed at least ten times from 1600 to 1635 with the government infrastructure in the area largely destroyed.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|pp=51-52}} Shahaji's control over the area was very weak, but he managed to maintain an army of 2,000-10,000 men and provided services to the Ahmadnagar troops fleeing their state after the Mughal conquest.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}}

Meanwhile, in Daulatabad, the Mughals imprisoned the nominal king of Ahamadnagar.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}} Shahaji installed 10-year old [[Murtaza Nizam Shah III|Murtaza]] of the Ahamadnagar royal family as the titular puppet ruler{{sfn|Abraham Eraly|2000|p=437}} and appointed himself chief minister.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=56}} Within a year, Shahaji's army captured Junnar and a large part of the northern [[Konkan]] region. Shahaji resided in Junnar and raised an army, which at its height numbered 12,000 soldiers. The strength of the army kept changing because of the changing loyalties of the various subordinate chiefs including Ghatge, Kate, Gaikwad, Kank, Chavan, Mohite, Mahadik, Pandhre, Wagh, and Ghorpade.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}} Shahaji set up his capital at Shahabad and gained control of several large forts. A contemporary [[Brahmin]] newsletter from Bijapur states that the area controlled by Shahaji, not including his jagir of Pune and [[Indapur]], yielded 7.5 million rupees in annual revenue. This estimate was based on the ''potential'' rather than the ''actual'' revenue; the area had been devastated by war and famine and the actual revenue collected was likely far less.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47}} The warring armies had destroyed several villages in the area to deny their enemies income, and most of the remaining villages yielded taxes only when forced to do so.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=52}} According to the newsletter, Shahaji's forces included a 3,000-man cavalry plus an additional 2,000-man contingent from Bijapur.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47}}

By 1634, Shahaji had started raiding the area near the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]]-controlled [[Daulatabad Fort|Daulatabad]], prompting the [[Mughals]] to initiate a major campaign against him.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=46}} In the ensuing battle of Parenda (1634), in which Maratha soldiers fought on both sides, the Mughals defeated the Bijapur army led by Shahaji. In early 1635, the Mughal army forced Shahaji to retreat from the Daulatabad area, capturing his [[train (military)|supply train]] and 3,000 of his soldiers. The Mughal emperor [[Shah Jahan]] personally arrived in Deccan with a large army, compelling Shahaji to leave northern Maharashtra. Shahaji lost control of several cities, including Junar and Nashik, and retreated to Konkan.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47}}

Bijapur had two political factions. The first, which Shahaji sided with, favoured resisting Mughal influence in Deccan. The second favoured establishing peace with the Mughals by recognizing their control over parts of the former Ahmadnagar territory. In 1636, the second faction emerged more powerful, and a peace treaty was signed between Bijapur and the Mughal Empire.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47}} As part of this treaty, Bijapur agreed to help the Mughals subjugate Shahaji, or depute him away from the Mughal frontier if he chose to serve Bijapur.{{sfn|Satish Chandra|2005|p=205}} The Mughals besieged the [[Mahuli]] fort where Shahaji and Murtaza, the pretender to the Ahmadnagar throne, were residing. In October 1636, Shahaji surrendered Mahuli and Junnar to the Mughals and returned to the Bijapur service.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47}} As a result, the Mughals controlled a major part of present-day Maharashtra, including Pune and Indapur.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=47-49}}

== In Bangalore ==

Shahaji was allowed to retain his [[jagir]] in the Pune region but was barred from living in the area as part of the Mughal-Bijapur treaty. The jagir was placed under the nominal administration of his son Shivaji, with his subordinate [[Dadoji Kondadev]] as its manager. Shahaji was transferred to the southern part of the Bijapur Sultanate.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} Shahaji spent the last 20 years of his life in the south, where the Bijapur and the [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]] Sultanates were trying to capture territories from the declining [[Vijayanagara Empire]].{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=57}}

Having established peace with the Mughals in the north, the Bijapur government directed its military to the southern frontier.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} An army led by the general Rustam-i-Zaman Ranadulla Khan invaded [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]] with Shahaji serving as a subordinate commander.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}}{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} During each campaigning season between 1637 and 1640, Bijapur forces crossed the [[Krishna River|Krishna]] and the [[Tungabhadra River|Tungabhadra]] rivers, and entered Mysore. The Bijapuri forces defeated several [[Nayaka dynasties|Nayakas]], local chiefs who administered the area after the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} In December 1638, the Bijapur forces seized [[Bangalore]], which was given as a [[jagir]] to Shahaji. Shahaji was also given charge of the [[Kolar, Karnataka|Kolar]], [[Hoskote]], [[Doddaballapura]], and [[Sira, Karnataka|Sira]] areas by Ranadulla Khan, in consultation with the Bijapur ruler [[Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur|Muhammad Adil Shah]].{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}} Shahaji chose Bangalore as his headquarters because of its secure fortress and good climate.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}} While Shahaji was unable to retain control of this entire territory after the departure of the main Bijapur army,{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} the Bijapur army's annual expeditions continued to bring more territories under his control.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}}

The rulers of Bijapur exercised little control over the Bangalore region, and Shahaji ruled the area almost independently. The ruler of Bijapur trusted him and even called him "the pillar of the state" in a letter.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}} However, in 1639, Shahaji appears to have been involved in a conflict against the Bijapur government. Records show that the Bijapur ruler Muhammad Adil Shah ordered the [[Deshmukh]] of [[Lakshmeshwara]] to support commander Sidi Mooflah in arresting the "relations, dependents, servants and horses" of Shahaji. However, few further details are available about this episode.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}}

Shahaji's relations with the Bijapur ruler improved in the subsequent years, and in 1641, he supported the Bijapur government in suppressing a revolt by the Hindu chiefs. He joined an army led by the Bijapur general [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]] that captured the fort of Basavapatna from Keng Nayak. The Bijapur army captured several other forts, including [[Vellore Fort|Vellore]], during this campaign.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=55}} A letter from Bijapur dated 30 January 1642 expressed appreciation for Shahaji's services in the [[Karnataka]] region.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=178}}

Not much is known about Shahaji's activities during 1642–1645; he likely stayed at his jagir in [[Bangalore]] and may have been involved in Bijapur's recapture of the [[Ikkeri]] fort in 1644. He likely also stayed at Kolar and Doddaballapura and spent summers at [[Nandi Hills, India|Nandi]].{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=178}} Sometime between 1642 and 1644, Shahaji's wife [[Jijabai]] and his son [[Shivaji]] visited him in Bangalore.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=56}} During this period, Shahaji arranged Shivaji's marriage to Soyrabai and held a grand wedding ceremony in Bangalore.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=179}} He also presented his entire family, including his two sons by his second wife, at the Bijapur court. Jijabai and Shivaji returned to Pune shortly after.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=56}} Shahaji's elder son Shambuji (also called Sambhaji) and another son [[Venkoji]] from his other wife Tukabai stayed with him in Bangalore.

Shahaji beautified Bangalore by commissioning several gardens and also built a palace called Gowri Mahal, which, according to popular tradition, was located in the present-day [[Basavanagudi]] extension.

Shahaji appointed several [[Brahmin]]s from the Pune region to the Bangalore administration. Meanwhile, Dadoji Kondadev revived the taxation system in Pune and remitted surplus revenue to Shahaji's treasury in Bangalore.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=178}}

== Later life ==

Amid the rise of Muslim orthodoxy in Bijapur,{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=57}} the relationship between Shahaji, a Hindu, and the Bijapur government kept changing. In 1644, the Bijapur labelled Shahaji a rebel - an August 1644 letter from the Bjiapur asks Kanoji Nayak Jedhe, the ''Deshmukh'' of [[Bhor]], to assist government representatives in defeating Dadoji Kondadev, who was campaigning in the [[Kondana]] area.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=56}} The government also instructed another ''Deshmukh,'' Khopde, to seize Shahaji's estates, but these orders were apparently withdrawn before implementation.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=60}} A similar situation arose in 1646.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=56}}

In 1648, during a Bijapur campaign to support the rebellion of the Nayakas against the Vijayanagara king [[Sriranga III]], Shahaji was arrested for acting against the interests of Bijapur. While the forces of Bijapur and [[Golconda Sultanate|Golconda]] laid siege to the [[Gingee Fort|Jinjee]] fort, Shahaji had started acting independently of Bijapur commander Mustafa Khan and started negotiating with the Nayakas of Jinjee, [[Madurai]], and [[Tiruchirapalli]]. He even sought service with the Golconda government.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|pp=56-57}} Shahaji was brought to the capital [[Bijapur]] in chains and forced to surrender the forts of Kondana and Bangalore.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=57}} While texts written under Maratha patronage such as ''Shiva-Bharat'' state that Shahaji was arrested because of a rebellion conducted by his son Shivaji, Bijapur records do not support this claim. Whatever the case, Shahaji was pardoned within a year.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=57}}

Little information is available about Shahaji's life from 1648 to 1660. He appears to have moved out of Bangalore, where his son [[Ekoji I|Ekoji]] was stationed. Shahaji himself was stationed at [[Kanakagiri]], and his son [[Sambhaji Shahaji Bhosale|Sambhaji]] was killed during a revolt by the chief (''Rajah'') of Kanakagiri in 1654. During this period, Shahaji participated in Bijapur's war against Golconda.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=57}}

Meanwhile, Shivaji, who now administered Shahaji's jagir in the Pune region, began acting independently of the Bijapur government and started capturing territories of Bijapur vassals around Pune. Shivaji claimed to be a servant of the Bijapur government and justified his actions by arguing that he was governing these territories better than the deposed rulers did. However, the ruler of Bijapur doubted Shivaji's loyalty and Shahaji distanced himself from his son's actions.{{sfn|James W. Laine|2003|p=21}} A letter from Bijapur, dated 26 May 1658, returns to Shahaji the control of his former jagir of Bangalore and assures him that he will not be punished for the rebellion of his son. Some writers have speculated that Shahaji and Shivaji collaborated to establish an independent kingdom, but no contemporary sources support this theory. The majority of historians believe that Shahaji did not support his son's rebellion.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=58}} In 1659, the Bijapur government sent a 12,000-strong army led by [[Afzal Khan (general)|Afzal Khan]] against Shivaji, but Shivaji emerged victorious in the conflict.{{sfn|James W. Laine|2003|pp=21-23}} Between the years 1659 and 1662, Shahaji travelled to Pune as a mediator between Shivaji and Bijapur, meeting his son for the first time in 12 years. This was also Shahaji's last meeting with Shivaji, as Shahaji died in early 1664 in a hunting accident.{{sfn|Stewart Gordon|1993|p=58}}

== Patronage to scholars ==

At his court in Bangalore, Shahaji patronized several scholars, including Jayarama Pindye, who composed ''Radha-Madhava-Vilasa [[Champu]]'' and ''Parnala-Parvata-Grahan-Akhyana''.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}} Jayarama had heard about Shahaji's generosity to poets from traveling ''bhats'' (poets) who were returning to their homes in the north.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|pp=58-59}} He traveled from [[Nashik]] to Bangalore, and was introduced to Shahaji's court by a man named Shivaraya Gosvamin.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=177}} Jayarama presented 12 coconuts before Shahaji, signifying his knowledge of 12 languages.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|pp=177-178}} Under Shahaji's patronage, Jayarama composed ''Radha-Madhava-Vilasa Champu'' ({{Circa|1660}} or earlier), a multi-lingual collection of poems.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|pp=57-58}} The work names and cites poets in 35 languages, including [[Sanskrit]], [[Prakrit]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Old Hindi|Hindi]], and [[Urdu language|Urdu]].{{sfn|Bal Krishna|1932|p=57}} Jayarama compares Shahaji to [[Arjuna|Partha]] in heroism, [[Vikramaditya|Vikramarka]] in generosity, and [[Bhoja]] in learning.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|pp=58-59}} He makes grandiloquent claims, such as that "hundreds and thousands" of scholars and poets from all over the world came to Shahaji's court to seek his patronage.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=58}} In a [[Dingal]]-language poem, he describes a scene in which the king of [[Jaipur State|Amber]] learns of Shahaji's greatness from poets and announces his intention to present gifts to Shahaji if Shahaji ever visited Amber; which according to scholar Sumit Guha is a purely imaginary scenario but shows how Bards were responsible for propagating a transregional reputation.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=57}} According to a Sanskrit poem in the collection, when Jayarama requested leave from Shahaji's court to go on a pilgrimage to [[Varanasi|Kashi]] and other places, Shahaji told him to take whatever wealth he desired before leaving.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=59}} Jayarama credits Shahaji with reviving the Sanskrit language and states that Shahaji himself composed a part of a stanza in Sanskrit; his sons Sambhaji and Ekoji also composed lines to test Jayarama's poetic skills.{{sfn|Bal Krishna|1932|p=57}}

Poets cited in the ''Radha-Madhava-Vilasa Champu'' include Sbuddhi-Rav, a native of [[Ghatampur]], who compares Shahaji to [[Krishna]] holding up the [[Govardhan Puja|Govardhan Hill]] to protect the people.{{sfn|Sumit Guha|2011|p=57}} Other prominent personalities in Shahaji's court included Prabhakarabhatta (the ''[[purohit]]''), Naropant Hanumanthe, and his sons Janardana-pant and Raghunath-pant.{{sfn|B. Muddachari|1966|p=178}}

== Legacy ==

Shahaji's tomb is located at Hodigere, near [[Channagiri]] in Karnataka.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/101217/sunday-story-in-davangere-rests-a-great-maratha-warrior-the-pride-of-kannadigas.html|title=Sunday Story: In Davangere rests a great Maratha warrior, the pride of Kannadigas|date=10 December 2017|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|access-date=23 January 2018}}</ref>

'''In popular culture'''

* In [[Raja Shivchhatrapati (TV series)|Raja Shivchhatrapati]] (2008), a Marathi historical TV serial aired on [[Star Pravah]], Avinash Narakar played the role of Shahaji Raje.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Popular historical show 'Raja Shivchatrapati' to return on the audience's demand |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/marathi/popular-historical-show-raja-shivchatrapati-to-return-on-the-audiences-demand/articleshow/74935697.cms|access-date=2022-02-01|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
* In [[Bharat Ek Khoj]], Shahaji was portrayed by [[Achyut Potdar]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Bharat Ek Khoj (TV Series 1988– ) |work=IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0155424/fullcredits |access-date=2023-01-02}}</ref>

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |author=Abraham Eraly |title=Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA437 |year=2000 |publisher=Penguin Books India |isbn=978-0-14-100143-2 }}
* {{cite journal |author=B. Muddachari |title=Maratha Court in the Karnatak |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=28 |year=1966 |pages=177–179 |publisher=Indian History Congress |jstor=44140420 }}
* {{cite book |author=Bal Krishna |title=Shivaji the Great |volume=I. Shahji |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEGm2Zuxax4C |year=1932 |publisher=D. B. Taraporevala Sons }}
* {{cite book |author=James W. Laine |title=Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India |url=https://archive.org/details/shivajihinduking0000lain |url-access=registration |year=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-566771-4 }}
* {{cite journal |author=R. V. Oturkar |title=A study of the movements of Shahaji (Shiwaji's father) during the period of 1624-30 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=19 |year=1956 |pages=271–274 |publisher=Indian History Congress |jstor=44140849 }}
* {{cite book |author=Satish Chandra |title=Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC&pg=PA205 |year=2005 |publisher=Har-Anand Publications |isbn=978-81-241-1066-9 }}
* {{cite book |author=Stewart Gordon |title=The Marathas 1600-1818 |series=The New Cambridge History of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iHK-BhVXOU4C |year=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26883-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Sumit Guha |chapter=Bad Language and Good Language: Lexical Awareness in the Cultural Politics of Peninsular India, ca. 1300–1800 |editor=Sheldon Pollock |title=Forms of Knowledge in Early Modern Asia: Explorations in the Intellectual History of India and Tibet, 1500–1800 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=740AqMUW8WQC&pg=PA56 |year=2011 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=978-0-8223-4904-4 }}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Portal bar|Biography|History}}

{{Shivaji}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shahaji,}}
[[Category:17th-century nobility]]
[[Category:17th-century soldiers]]
[[Category:1594 births]]
[[Category:1664 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian Hindus]]
[[Category:Indian military leaders]]
[[Category:People from Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Shivaji]]
[[Category:People from the Sultanate of Bijapur]]

Sun bear

2026-03-21T06:11:18Z

KobyQ0272234: fixed page as per guidelines and fixed typos for clarity

{{Short description|Tropical species of bear}}
{{for|the author|Sun Bear (author)}}
{{good article}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2020}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = Sun bear
| fossil_range = Middle [[Pleistocene]]–recent,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Schwartz, J. H. |author2=Vu, T. H. |author3=Nguyen, L. C. |author4=Le, K. T. |author5=Tattersall, I. |year=1994 |title=A diverse hominoid fauna from the late middle Pleistocene breccia cave of Tham Khuyen, Socialist Republic of Vietnam |journal=Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=73 |pages=1–11}}</ref> {{Temporal range|0.8|0}}
| image = Sun-bear.jpg
| image_caption = Sun bear in [[Kaeng Krachan National Park]]
| status = VU
| status_ref = <ref name=iucn>{{cite iucn |title=''Helarctos malayanus'' |errata=2018 |author1=Scotson, L. |name-list-style=amp |author2=Fredriksson, G. |author3=Augeri, D. |author4=Cheah, C. |author5=Ngoprasert, D. |author6=Wai-Ming, W. |year=2017 |article-number= e.T9760A123798233 |access-date=16 January 2022}}</ref>
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status2 = CITES_A1
| status2_system = CITES
| status2_ref = <ref name=iucn/>
| display_parents = 2
| genus = Helarctos
| parent_authority = [[Thomas Horsfield|Horsfield]], 1825
| species = malayanus
| authority = ([[Stamford Raffles|Raffles]], 1821)
| range_map = Sun Bear area.png
| range_map_caption = Distribution of the sun bear (2010)<ref name=iucn/> (brown – extant, black – former, dark grey – presence uncertain)
| subdivision_ranks = Subspecies
| subdivision_ref = <ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Carnivora | id = 14000943 | page = 587}}</ref>
| subdivision =
*Malayan sun bear (''H. m. malayanus'') {{small|Raffles, 1821}}
*Bornean sun bear (''H. m. euryspilus'') {{small|Horsfield, 1825}}
|synonyms = {{collapsible list
|''Helarctos anmamiticus'' {{small|[[Pierre Marie Heude|Heude]], 1901}}
|''H. euryspilus'' {{small|Horsfield, 1825}}
|''Ursus malayanus'' {{small|Raffles, 1821}}
}}
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="ms">{{cite journal |last1=Fitzgerald |first1=C. S. |last2=Krausman |first2=P. R. |title=''Helarctos malayanus'' |journal=Mammalian Species |date=2002 |volume=696 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1644/1545-1410(2002)696<0001:HM>2.0.CO;2|s2cid=198969265 }}</ref>
}}

The '''sun bear''' ('''''Helarctos malayanus''''') is a bear [[species]] in the [[Family (biology)|family]] [[Ursidae]] found in the [[tropical forest]]s of [[Southeast Asia]]. It is the only species in the genus '''''Helarctos''''' and the smallest bear species, standing nearly {{cvt|70|cm}} at the shoulder and weighing {{cvt|25|-|65|kg}}. It is stockily built, with large paws, strongly curved claws, small, rounded ears and a short [[snout]]. The fur is generally short and jet black, but can vary from grey to red. The sun bear gets its name from its characteristic orange to cream-coloured chest patch.

The sun bear's unique [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] with inward-turned front feet, flattened chest, powerful forelimbs with large claws suggests adaptations for climbing, and it is an excellent climber and the most [[Arboreality|arboreal]] of all bears. It sunbathes or sleeps in trees {{cvt|2|to|7|m}} above the ground. It is mainly active during the day, though [[nocturnality]] might be more common in areas frequented by humans. It tends to remain solitary, but sometimes occur in pairs such as a mother and her cub. It does not [[hibernation|hibernate]], possibly because food resources are available the whole year throughout its range. It is an omnivore, and its diet includes ants, bees, beetles, honey, termites, and plant material such as seeds and several kinds of fruits; [[vertebrate]]s such as birds and deer are also eaten occasionally. It breeds throughout the year; individuals become [[sexually mature]] at two to four years of age. Litters comprise one or two cubs that remain with their mother for around three years.

The range of the sun bear is bounded by [[Northeast India]] to the north then south to southeast through [[Bangladesh]], [[mainland Southeast Asia]], [[Brunei]] and [[Indonesia]]. These bears are threatened by heavy [[deforestation]] and [[poaching]] for food and the [[wildlife trade]]. They are also harmed in conflicts with humans when they enter farmlands, plantations, and orchards. The global population is estimated to have declined by 35% since the 1990s. It is listed as [[Vulnerable species|vulnerable]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].

==Etymology==
The [[Generic name (biology)|generic name]] ''Helarctos'' comes from two [[Greek language|Greek]] words: {{Lang|grc|ήλιος}} ({{Transliteration|grc|hēlios}}, related to the sun) and {{Lang|grc|αρκτος}} ({{Transliteration|grc|arctos}}, bear).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Liddell |first1=H. G. | author1-link=Henry Liddell |last2=Scott |first2=R. |author2-link=Robert Scott (philologist) |name-list-style=amp |year=1889 |title=An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon Press |url=https://archive.org/details/intermediategree00lidd/page/n121 |pages=117, 350}}</ref> Another name is "honey bear", {{Lang|ms|beruang madu}} in [[Malay language|Malay]] and [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], in reference to its habit of feeding on honey from honeycombs.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lai |first1=F. |last2=Olesen |first2=B. |title=A Visual Celebration of Borneo's Wildlife |date=2016 |publisher=Bjorn Olesen Wildlife Photography |location=Singapore |isbn=978-0-7946-0787-6 |page=323 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ld8bDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA323 |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525110218/https://books.google.com/books?id=ld8bDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA323 |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The [[scientific name]] ''Ursus malayanus'' was proposed by [[Stamford Raffles]] in 1821 when he first described a sun bear from [[Sumatra]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Raffles |first1=T. S. |author-link=Stamford Raffles |title=XVII. Descriptive catalogue of a zoological collection, made on account of the honourable East India Company, in the island of Sumatra and its vicinity, under the direction of Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marlborough; with additional notices illustrative of the natural history of those countries |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |date=1821 |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=239–274 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.1821.tb00064.x |url=https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002433594/page/254/mode/1up}}</ref> In 1825, [[Thomas Horsfield]] placed the species in a [[genus]] of its own, ''Helarctos'', when describing a sun bear from Borneo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Horsfield |first1=T. |author-link =Thomas Horsfield |title=Description of the ''Helarctos euryspilus'' exhibiting in the bear from the island of Borneo, the type of a subgenus of ''Ursus'' |journal=The Zoological Journal |date=1825 |volume=2 |issue=6 |pages=221–234 |url=https://archive.org/details/zoologicaljourna02lond/page/n269/mode/2up}}</ref>

=== Subspecies and distribution ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Image
!Name
!Distribution
!Description/Comments
|-
|[[File:Helarctos malayanus malayanus 85921248.jpg|120px]]
|[[Malayan sun bear]] (''H. m. malayanus'')
|The Malayan sun bear occurs in [[mainland Southeast Asia]], Bangladesh and Sumatra.<ref name="ems66">{{cite book |last1=Ellerman |first1=J. R. |title=Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946 |last2=Morrison-Scott |first2=T. C. S. |date=1966 |publisher=British Museum of Natural History |edition=2nd |location=London |page=241 |chapter=Genus ''Helarctos'' Horsfield, 1825 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/checklistofindia00elle#page/240/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Santiapillai |first1=A. |last2=Santiapillai |first2=C. |name-list-style=amp |date=1996 |title=The status, distribution and conservation of the Malayan sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') in Indonesia |journal=Tigerpaper |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=11–16}}</ref>
|Smallest member of the bear family.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malayan Sun Bear |url=https://malaysianwildlife.org/malayan-sun-bear-helarctos-malayanus/ |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=Malaysian Wildlife}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Sepilok Sabah BSBCC-photos-by-Wong-Siew-Te-05.jpg|120px]]
|Bornean sun bear (''H. m. euryspilus'')
|The Bornean sun bear occurs only in [[Borneo]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Meijaard |first=E. |date=2004 |title=Craniometric differences among Malayan sun bears (''Ursus malayanus''); evolutionary and taxonomic implications |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/52/52rbz665-672.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=665–672 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715231201/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/52/52rbz665-672.pdf |archive-date=2012-07-15 |access-date=2013-02-07}}</ref>
|Its skull is smaller than that of the Malayan sun bear.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chasen |first1=F. N. |date=1940 |title=A handlist of Malaysian mammals: A systematic list of the mammals of the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo and Java, including the adjacent small islands |journal=Bulletin of the Raffles Museum |volume=15 |pages=89–90}}</ref>
|}

''H. annamiticus'', described by [[Pierre Marie Heude]] in 1901 from [[Annam (French protectorate)|Annam]], is not considered a distinct [[species]], but is subordinated as a [[Synonym (taxonomy)#Zoology|junior synonym]] to ''H. m. malayanus''.<ref name=ems66/> In 1906, [[Richard Lydekker]] proposed another subspecies by the name ''H. m. wardii'' for a sun bear skull, noting its similarities to a skull from Tibet with a thicker coat, but the Tibetan specimen was later found to be an [[Asian black bear]] (''Ursus thibetanus'').<ref>{{cite journal |title=On the occurrence of the bruang in the Tibetan Province |last=Lydekker |first=R. |author-link=Richard Lydekker |date=1906 |volume=66 |pages=997–999 |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=1932 |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |author-link=Reginald Innes Pocock|title=The black and brown bears of Europe and Asia |journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society |volume=36|pages=101–138}}</ref> Genetic differences between the two subspecies are obscure<ref>{{cite journal |last=Zhang |first=Y.-P. |title= Genetic variability and conservation relevance of the sun bear as revealed by DNA sequences |date=1996 |journal=Zoological Research |volume=17 |issue=4|pages=459–468}}</ref> and some consider the species [[Monotypic taxon|monotypic]].<ref name=ms/>

=== Phylogeny ===
The [[phylogenetic]] relationships among [[ursidae|ursid]] species have remained ambiguous over the years.<ref name="servheen1">{{cite book |editor1-last=Servheen |editor1-first=C. |editor2-last=Herrero |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Peyton |editor3-first=B. |last1=Waits |first1=L. |last2=Paetkau |first2=D. |last3=Strobeck |first3=C. |title=Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |date=1999 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups |location=Gland |isbn=2-8317-0462-6 |pages=25–32 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXQ03uVmCAIC&pg=PA25 |chapter=Genetics of the bears of the world |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410073303/https://books.google.com/books?id=XXQ03uVmCAIC&pg=PA25 |url-status=live }}</ref> Noting the production of fertile [[Hybridisation (biology)|hybrid]]s between sun bears and [[sloth bear]]s (''Melursus ursinus''), it was proposed that ''Helarctos'' be treated as a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''Melursus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Asakura |first1=S. |title=A note on a bear hybrid ''Melursus ursinus'' × ''Helarctos malayanus'' at Tama Zoo, Tokyo |journal=International Zoo Yearbook |date=1969 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=88 |doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.1969.tb02631.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Van Gelder |first1=R. G. |title=Mammalian hybrids and generic limits |journal=American Museum Novitates |date=1977 |issue=2635 |pages=1–25 |url=http://www.digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5474/N2635.pdf?sequence=1#page=3 |access-date=2020-05-04 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808050309/http://www.digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/5474/N2635.pdf?sequence=1#page=3 }}</ref> However, studies differed on whether the two species were closely related.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Goldman |first1=D. |last2=Giri |first2=P. R. |last3=O'Brien |first3=S. J. |title=Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis |journal=Evolution |date=1989 |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=282–295 |doi=10.1111/j.1558-5646.1989.tb04228.x |jstor=2409208|pmid=28568545 |s2cid=40420496 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bininda-Emonds |first1=O. R. P. |last2=Gittleman |first2=J. L. |last3=Purvis |first3=A. |title=Building large trees by combining phylogenetic information: a complete phylogeny of the extant Carnivora (Mammalia) |journal=Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society |date=1999 |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=143–175 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-185X.1999.tb00184.x |pmid=10396181 |citeseerx=10.1.1.328.7194}}</ref> The brown bear/polar bear [[genetic lineage]] was estimated to have [[genetic divergence|genetically diverged]] from the two black bears/sun bear lineage around {{mya|6.72|5.54}} (mya); the sun bear appears to have diverged from the two black bears between 6.26 and 5.09 mya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yu |first1=L. |last2=Li |first2=Y.-W. |last3=Ryder |first3=O. A. |last4=Zhang |first4=Y.-P. |title=Analysis of complete mitochondrial genome sequences increases phylogenetic resolution of bears (Ursidae), a mammalian family that experienced rapid speciation |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=2007 |volume=7 |issue=198 |page=198 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-7-198 |pmid=17956639 |pmc=2151078 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2007BMCEE...7..198Y }}</ref> and 5.89–3.51 mya.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Krause, J. |author2=Unger, T. |name-list-style=amp |author3=Noçon, A. |author4=Malaspinas, A. S. |author5=Kolokotronis, S. O. |author6=Stiller, M. |author7=Soibelzon, L. |author8=Spriggs, H. |author9=Dear, P. H. |author10=Briggs, A. W. |author11=Bray, S. C. |author12=O'Brien, S. J. |author13=Rabeder, G. |author16=Matheus, P. |author17=Cooper, A. |author18=Slatkin, M. |author19=Pääbo, S. |author20=Hofreiter, M. |title=Mitochondrial genomes reveal an explosive radiation of extinct and extant bears near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary |journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology |date=2008 |volume=8 |issue=220 |page=220 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-8-220 |pmid=18662376 |pmc=2518930 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2008BMCEE...8..220K }}</ref>
[[Nuclear gene]] [[sequencing]] of bear species revealed that the sloth bear and the sun bear were the first Ursinae bears that [[Radiation (evolution)|radiate]]d and are not included in the [[monophyletic]] ''Ursus'' group; moreover, all relationships between the bears were well resolved.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pagès |first1=M. |last2=Calvignac |first2=S. |last3=Klein |first3=C. |last4=Paris |first4=M. |last5=Hughes |first5=S. |last6=Hänni |first6=C. |title=Combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the Ursidae phylogeny |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=2008 |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=73–83 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.019 |pmid=18328735 |bibcode=2008MolPE..47...73P |url=https://www.academia.edu/19518245 |access-date=2021-09-09 |archive-date=2021-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927011653/https://www.academia.edu/19518245 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Phylogeny/Ursidae}}

==Characteristics==
[[File:Helarctos malayanus 3zz.jpg|thumb|Skull, showing short [[snout]]]]
The sun bear is named so for its characteristic orange- to cream-coloured, crescent-like chest patch.<ref name="kemmerer">{{cite book |last1=Kemmerer |first1=L. |editor1-last=Kemmerer |editor1-first=L. |title=Bear Necessities: Rescue, Rehabilitation, Sanctuary, and Advocacy |date=2015 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-29309-0 |pages=17–34 |location=Boston |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_gx5CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |chapter=Bear basics |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412012048/https://books.google.com/books?id=_gx5CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |url-status=live}}</ref>
It is the smallest of all bear species.<ref name=ms/><ref name=servheen2>{{cite book |editor1-last=Servheen |editor1-first=C. |editor2-last=Herrero |editor2-first=S. |editor3-last=Peyton |editor3-first=B. |title=Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |date=1999 |publisher=IUCN/SSC Bear and Polar Bear Specialist Groups |location=Gland |isbn=2-8317-0462-6 |pages=219–224 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXQ03uVmCAIC&pg=PA219 |chapter=Sun bear conservation action plan |last=Servheen |first=C. |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410073303/https://books.google.com/books?id=XXQ03uVmCAIC&pg=PA219 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is stockily built, with large paws, strongly curved claws, small rounded ears and a short [[snout]]. The head-and-body length is between {{cvt|100|and|140|cm|abbr=on}}, and the shoulder height is nearly {{cvt|70|cm|abbr=on}}. Males tend to be larger than females by roughly 10-20%. Adults weigh {{cvt|25|-|65|kg|abbr=on}}. The snout is grey, silver, or orange. The fur is generally jet black, but can vary from grey to red. The hair is silky and fine, and is the shortest of all bear species, suiting its hot [[tropic]]al habitat.<ref name=ms/> The characteristic chest patch, typically U-shaped, but sometimes circular or spotlike, varies from orange or ochre-yellow to buff or cream, or even white. Some individuals lack this patch.<ref name=ms/> Sun bears can expose the patch while standing on their hind feet as a threat [[Signalling theory|display]] against enemies.<ref name=ms/> Infants are greyish black with a pale brown or white snout and the chest patch is dirty white; the coat of older juveniles may be dark brown. The underfur is particularly thick and black in adults, while the [[guard hair]]s are lighter.<ref name=ms/> Two [[Hair whorl|whorls]] occur on the shoulders, from whence the hair radiates in all directions. It has a crest on the sides of the neck and a whorl in the centre of the breast patch.<ref name=pocock1941>{{cite book |last=Pocock |first=R. I. |date=1941 |title=The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma |volume=((Mammalia 2)) |publisher=Taylor and Francis |location=London |pages=224–232|chapter=''Helarctos malayanus'' |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/PocockMammalia2/pocock2#page/n245/mode/2up}}</ref> The edges of the paws are tan or brown, and the [[sole (foot)|soles]] are fur-less, which possibly is an adaptation for climbing trees.<ref name=servheen2/><ref name=Srvheen1993>{{cite book |last=Servheen |first=C. |date=1993 |chapter-url=http://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=43 |chapter=The Sun Bear |page=124 |editor1=Stirling, I.|editor2=Kirshner, D.|editor3=Knight, F.|title=Bears, Majestic Creatures of the Wild |publisher=Rodale Press |place=Pennsylvania|access-date=2013-02-07|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723012819/http://www.bearbiology.com/index.php?id=43|url-status=live}}</ref> The claws are sickle-shaped; the front claws are long and heavy. The tail is {{cvt|3|-|7|cm}} long.<ref name=Brown1996>{{cite book |author=Brown, G. |title=Great Bear Almanac |year=1996 |page=340 |isbn=978-1-55821-474-3 |publisher=The Lyons Press |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/greatbearalmanac00gary/page/340}}</ref> The [[sympatric]] Asian black bear has cream-coloured chest markings of a similar shape as those of sun bears and different claw markings.<ref name=kemmerer/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Steinmetz |first1=R. |last2=Garshelis|first2=D. L. |date=2008 |title=Distinguishing Asiatic black bears and sun bears by claw marks on climbed trees |journal=Journal of Wildlife Management |volume=72 |issue=3 |pages=814–821|doi=10.2193/2007-098 |bibcode=2008JWMan..72..814S |s2cid=86179807}}</ref>

During feeding, the sun bear can extend its exceptionally long tongue to extract insects and honey.<ref>{{cite report |last=Meijaard |first=E. |date=1997 |title=The Malayan sun bear on Borneo, with special emphasis on its conservation status in Kalimantan, Indonesia |publisher=Tropendos Kalimantan Project and World Society for the Protection of Animals |place=London |pages=1–51}}</ref> The teeth are very large, especially the [[Canine tooth|canine]]s, and the [[bite force quotient]] is high relative to its body size for reasons not well understood; a possible explanation could be its frequent opening of tropical [[hardwood]] trees with its powerful jaws and claws in pursuit of insects, larvae, or honey.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Christiansen |first1=P. |year=2007 |title=Evolutionary implications of bite mechanics and feeding ecology in bears |journal=Journal of Zoology |volume=272 |issue=4 |pages=423–443 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00286.x}}</ref> The bite force is high for its size: a sun bear weighing {{cvt|50|kg}} bites with a maximum force of 1907.3–2020.6 [[Newton (unit)|Newtons]] on the rear molar.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Van der Meijden |first1=A. |last2=González-Gómez |first2=J. C. |last3=Pulido-Osorio |first3=M. D. |last4=Herrel |first4=A. |date=2023 |title=Measurement of voluntary bite forces in large carnivores using a semi-automated reward-driven system |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=226 |issue=7 |article-number=jeb245255 |doi=10.1242/jeb.245255 |pmid=36939369 |bibcode=2023JExpB.226B5255V}}</ref> The head is large, broad and heavy in proportion to the body, but the ears are proportionately smaller; the [[palate]] is wide in proportion to the [[skull]].<ref name=servheen2/><ref name=kemmerer/> The overall unique morphology of this bear, such as its inward-turned front feet, flattened chest, and powerful fore limbs with large claws, indicates adaptations for extensive climbing.<ref name=servheen2/>

==Distribution and habitat==
[[File:Sepilok Sabah BSBCC-photos-of-the bears-01.jpg|thumb|Sun bear in the [[Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre]] (Malaysia)]]
The sun bear is native to the [[tropical forest]]s of [[Southeast Asia]]; its range is bound by northeastern India to the north and extends south to Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam to Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia to the south.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=ms/> Its presence in China was confirmed in 2017 when it was sighted in [[Yingjiang County]] of [[Yunnan Province]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=F. |last2=Zheng |first2=X. |last3=Jiang |first3=X. L. |last4=Chan |first4=B. P. L. |title=Rediscovery of the sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. |journal=Zoological Research |date=2017 |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=206–207 |doi=10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.044 |pmid=28825452 |pmc=5571478}}</ref> It is [[extinct]] in Singapore.<ref name=iucn/>

These bears dwell primarily in two main types of forests throughout their range - [[Deciduous forest|deciduous]] and seasonally [[Evergreen forest|evergreen]] forests to the north of the [[Isthmus of Kra]], and non-seasonal evergreen forests in Indonesia and Malaysia. They are typically found at low altitudes, such as below {{cvt|1200|m|abbr=on}} in western Thailand and peninsular Malaysia, but this varies widely throughout the range; in India, larger numbers have been recorded at elevations up to {{cvt|3000|m|abbr=on}} than in low-lying areas, probably due to habitat loss at ground level. They occur in montane areas in northeast India, but may not extend farther north into the unfavourable and colder [[Himalayas|Himalayan]] region; their distribution might be restricted to the northwest due to competition with sloth bears. The sun bear is sympatric with the Asian black bear throughout the remaining areas in the mainland range featuring a mix of seasonal forest types, with monthly rainfall below {{cvt|100|mm|abbr=on}} for a long spell of 3–7 months. In mountainous areas, Asian black bears are more common than sun bears, probably due to scarcity of invertebrates on which to feed. The major habitats in southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia are [[moist evergreen forest]]s, with more or less unvarying climate and heavy rainfall throughout the year, and low-lying or montane [[dipterocarp]] forests. [[Mangrove]]s may be inhabited, but usually only when they are close to preferred habitat types.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=ms/>

The sun bear tends to avoid heavily logged forests and areas close to human settlement.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nazeri |first1=M. |last2=Kumar |first2=L. |last3=Jusoff |first3=K. |last4=Bahaman |first4=A. R. |title=Modeling the potential distribution of sun bear in Krau Wildlife Reserve, Malaysia |journal=Ecological Informatics |date=2014 |volume=20 |pages=27–32 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.01.006 |bibcode=2014EcInf..20...27N }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=W.-M. |last2=Linkie |first2=M. |title=Managing sun bears in a changing tropical landscape |journal=Diversity and Distributions |date=2013 |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=700–709 |doi=10.1111/ddi.12020 |bibcode=2013DivDi..19..700W |s2cid=84703680}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Nazeri|first=M.|author2=Jusoff, K. |author3=Madani, N. |author4=Mahmud, A. R.|author5=Bahman, A. R. |title=Predictive modeling and mapping of Malayan sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') distribution using maximum entropy |journal=PLOS ONE |year=2012 |volume=7 |issue=10 |article-number=e48104 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0048104 |pmid=23110182 |pmc=3480464|bibcode=2012PLoSO...748104N |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, sun bears have been seen in farmlands, plantations and orchards, where they may be considered [[vermin]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nomura |first1=F. |last2=Higashi |first2=S. |last3=Ambu |first3=L. |last4=Mohamed |first4=M. |title=Notes on oil palm plantation use and seasonal spatial relationships of sun bears in Sabah, Malaysia |journal=Ursus |date=2004 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=227–231|doi=10.2192/1537-6176(2004)015<0227:NOOPPU>2.0.CO;2 |jstor=3872976|s2cid=85727749}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Te Wong |first1=S. |last2=Servheen |first2=C. |last3=Ambu |first3=L. |last4=Norhayati |first4=A. |title=Impacts of fruit production cycles on Malayan sun bears and bearded pigs in lowland tropical forest of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo |journal=Journal of Tropical Ecology |date=2005 |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=627–639 |doi=10.1017/S0266467405002622|s2cid=83777246}}</ref> A survey in [[Lower Kinabatangan Segama Wetlands]] showed that sun bears were feared but were not common in oil palm plantations; [[Bornean bearded pig]]s, elephants and [[macaque]]s were far more damaging to crops.<ref name="Guharajan-2017" /> Sun bears have been reported preying on poultry and livestock.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fredriksson |first1=G. |title=Human-sun bear conflicts in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo |journal=Ursus |date=2005 |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=130–137 |doi=10.2192/1537-6176(2005)016[0130:HBCIEK]2.0.CO;2 |jstor=3873066 |s2cid=26961091}}</ref>

[[Fossil]] remains suggest its occurrence farther north during the [[Pleistocene]]; it may have occurred as far south as [[Java]] in the middle to [[Late Pleistocene]]. Fossils also known from the Middle Pleistocene of Thailand along with ''[[Stegodon]]'', [[gaur]], [[wild water buffalo]], and other living and extinct mammals.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Suraprasit, K. |author2=Jaegar, J.-J. |author3=Chaimanee, Y. |author4=Chavasseau, O. |author5=Yamee, C. |author6=Tian, P. |author7=Panha, S. |title=The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications |journal=ZooKeys |date=2016 |issue=613 |pages=1–157 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.613.8309 |pmid=27667928 |pmc=5027644 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2016ZooK..613....1S}}</ref> Today, it is [[local extinction|locally extinct]] in the majority of its erstwhile range, especially in Thailand; populations are declining in most of the range countries. It disappeared from Singapore during the 1800s and 1900s, possibly due to extensive deforestation. Sun bear populations appear to decrease in size northward from [[Sundaland]], and numbers are especially low in the northern and western extremes of the range. This has possibly been the case since prehistoric times, and is not a result of human interference.<ref name=iucn/> The [[population density]] varies from {{cvt|4.3|and|5.9|/km2|/sqmi|disp=preunit|individuals|individuals}} in [[Khao Yai National Park]] to {{cvt|26|/km2|/sqmi|disp=preunit|individuals|individuals}} in the [[Harapan Rainforest]] in southern Sumatra.<ref name=iucn/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ngoprasert |first1=D. |last2=Reed |first2=D. H. |last3=Steinmetz |first3=R. |last4=Gale |first4=G. A. |title=Density estimation of Asian bears using photographic capture–recapture sampling based on chest marks |journal=Ursus |date=2012 |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=117–133 |doi=10.2192/URSUS-D-11-00009.1 |s2cid=86278189}}</ref>

==Ecology and behaviour==
[[File:Sun bear climbing.jpg|thumb|Sun bears are among the most [[Arboreality|arboreal]] of bears.]]
The sun bear leads the most [[Arboreality|arboreal]] lifestyle among all bears.<ref name=ms/><ref name=humphrey>{{cite book |last1=Humphrey |first1=S. R. |title=Endangered Animals of Thailand |last2=Bain |first2=J. R. |date=1990 |publisher=Sandhill Crane Press |isbn=1-877743-07-0 |location=Florida |pages=313–315 |chapter=Malayan sun bear |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90BgNrt0CPkC&pg=PA313 |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326045723/https://books.google.com/books?id=90BgNrt0CPkC&pg=PA313 |url-status=live}}</ref>
It is an excellent climber; it sunbathes or sleeps in trees {{cvt|2|to|7|m}} above the ground. Bedding sites consist mainly of fallen hollow logs, but they also rest in standing trees with cavities, in cavities underneath fallen logs or tree roots, and in tree branches high above the ground.<ref name=Wong2004/><ref name=nowak>{{cite book |last=Nowak |first=R. M. |title=Walker's Carnivores of the World |date=2005 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=0-8018-8032-7 |location=Baltimore |chapter=''Ursus malayanus'' Malayan sun bear |pages=127–128 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/walkerscarnivore00nowa/page/n137}}</ref> It is also an efficient swimmer.<ref name=kemmerer/>

The sun bear is solitary but is sometimes seen in pairs such as mothers and cubs.<ref name="nowak" /> For a broad view of its surroundings or smell far-off objects, it stands on its hind feet; it tries to intimidate its enemies by displaying its chest patch if threatened.<ref name="ms" /> Its vocalisations includes grunts and snuffles while foraging for insects, and roars similar to those of a male [[orangutan]] during the breeding season; less commonly, it gives out short barks when surprised.<ref name="ms" /> It does not hibernate, possibly because food resources are available the whole year throughout the range.<ref name=iucn/>

The sun bear is mainly active during the day, although [[nocturnality]] might be more common in areas frequented by humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Griffiths |first1=M. |last2=Schaik |first2=C. P. |date=1993 |title=The impact of human traffic on the abundance and activity periods of Sumatran rain forest wildlife |journal=Conservation Biology |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=623–626 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07030623.x |bibcode=1993ConBi...7..623G}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Guharajan |first1=R. |last2=Arnold |first2=T. W. |last3=Bolongon |first3=G. |last4=Dibden |first4=G. H. |last5=Abram |first5=N. K. |last6=Teoh |first6=S. W. |last7=Magguna |first7=M. A. |last8=Goossens |first8=B. |last9=Wong |first9=S. T. |last10=Nathan |first10=S. K. S. S. |last11=Garshelis |first11=D. L. |date=2018 |title=Survival strategies of a frugivore, the sun bear, in a forest-oil palm landscape |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |volume=27 |issue=14 |pages=3657–3677 |doi=10.1007/s10531-018-1619-6 |bibcode=2018BiCon..27.3657G |s2cid=52274809 |url=http://orca.cf.ac.uk/114621/1/Guharajan_Sun%20bear%20habitat%20use_06-18.pdf |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807211607/http://orca.cf.ac.uk/114621/1/Guharajan_Sun%20bear%20habitat%20use_06-18.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> It is noted for its [[Animal cognition|intelligence]]; a captive bear observed sugar being stored in a cupboard locked by a key, and later used its claw to open the lock.<ref name=nowak/> A study published in 2019 described skillful mimicry of facial expressions by sun bears, with precision comparable to that seen in [[gorilla]]s and humans.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taylor |first1=D. |last2=Hartmann |first2=D. |last3=Dezecache |first3=G. |last4=Te Wong |first4=S. |last5=Davila-Ross |first5=M. |title=Facial complexity in sun bears: Exact facial mimicry and social sensitivity |journal=Scientific Reports |date=2019 |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=4961 |doi=10.1038/s41598-019-39932-6|pmid=30899046 |pmc=6428817 |bibcode=2019NatSR...9.4961T}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Sun bears mimic each other's facial expressions to communicate |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sun-bears-mimic-each-others-facial-expressions-communicate-180971778/|magazine=[[Smithsonian Magazine]]|date=2019|last=Solly|first=M.|access-date=2020-05-25|archive-date=2020-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530212306/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/sun-bears-mimic-each-others-facial-expressions-communicate-180971778/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The sun bear has [[home range]]s of varying sizes in different areas, ranging from {{cvt|7|to|27|km2}} in Borneo and [[Peninsular Malaysia]]; and {{cvt|8.7|to|20.9|km2}} in Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in [[Sabah]].<ref name=Wong2004>{{cite journal |last1=Wong |first1=S. T. |last2=Servheen |first2=C. W. |last3=Ambu |first3=L. |year=2004 |title=Home range, movement and activity patterns, and bedding sites of Malayan sun bears ''Helarctos malayanus'' in the Rainforest of Borneo |journal=Biological Conservation |volume=119 |issue=2 |pages=169–181 |doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2003.10.029 |bibcode=2004BCons.119..169T |url=http://www.cfc.umt.edu/grizzlybearrecovery/pdfs/Wong%20et%20al.%20%202004.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511153207/http://www.cfc.umt.edu/grizzlybearrecovery/pdfs/Wong%20et%20al.%20%202004.pdf |archive-date=2013-05-11 |access-date=2013-02-07}}</ref>

The tiger is its major predator; [[dhole]]s and leopards have also been recorded preying on sun bears, but cases are relatively few.<ref name=HlaNaing>{{cite journal |last1=Hla Naing |last2=Saw Htun |last3=Kamler |first3=J. F. |last4=Burnham |first4=D. |last5=Macdonald |first5=D. W. |journal=Ursus |title=Large carnivores as potential predators of sun bears |volume=30 |issue=E4 |pages=51–57 |doi=10.2192/URSU-D-18-0022.2 |s2cid=204151870}}</ref> In one incident, a tiger-sun bear interaction resulted in a prolonged altercation and in the death of both animals.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bickmore, A.S. |year=1868 |title=Travels in the East Asian Archipelago |location=London |publisher=John Murray |page=510 |chapter=April 27th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PAlJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA510 |access-date=2015-06-11 |archive-date=2023-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210171143/https://books.google.com/books?id=PAlJAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA510 |url-status=live }}</ref> In another incident, a wild female sun bear was swallowed by a large [[reticulated python]] in [[East Kalimantan]].<ref name="fredriksson2005">{{cite journal |author=Fredriksson, G. M. |year=2005 |title=Predation on sun bears by reticulated python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=165–168 |url=http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/53/53rbz165-168.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811101110/http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/53/53rbz165-168.pdf |archive-date=2007-08-11}}</ref>

Sun bears usually do not attack humans unless provoked to do so, or if they are injured or with their cubs; their timid nature led these bears to be often [[Taming|tamed]] and kept as [[pet]]s in the past.<ref name=ms/><ref name="woods">{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=J. G. |title=Animate Creation: Popular Edition of "Our Living World", a Natural History |volume=1 |date=1885 |publisher=Selmar Press |location=New York |pages=324–325 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D7ohAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA324 |chapter=Sun bears |access-date=2023-02-10 |archive-date=2022-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328205359/https://books.google.com/books?id=D7ohAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA324 |url-status=live}}</ref> Sun bears are fierce when surprised in the forest.<ref name=Servheen1999Ch11>{{cite book |author=Servheen, C. |author2=Salter, R. E. |year=1999 |title=Bears: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan |chapter=Chapter 11: Sun Bear Conservation Action Plan |pages=219–224 |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |location=Gland |editor=Servheen, C. |editor2=Herrero, S. |editor3=Peyton, B. |chapter-url=https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/1999-004.pdf |access-date=2014-12-21 |archive-date=2014-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221200247/https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/documents/1999-004.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Diet===
[[File:Sun bear eating plant.jpg|thumb|upright|Sun bears have a broad, omnivorous diet, including plants.]]
The sun bear is an omnivore with a broad diet, such as ants, bees, beetles, honey, [[termite]]s, and plant material such as seeds and several kinds of fruits.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sethy |first1=J. |last2=Chauhan |first2=N. P. S. |date=2018 |title=Dietary preference of Malayan sun bear ''Helarctos malayanus'' in Namdapha Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, India |journal=Wildlife Biology |volume=2018 |issue=1 |pages=1–10 |doi=10.2981/wlb.00351|bibcode=2018WildB201800351S |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Wong2002>{{Cite journal |title=Food habits of Malayan sun bears in lowland tropical forests in Borneo |author1=Wong, S.T. |author2=Servheen, C. |author3=Ambu, L. |year=2002 |journal=Ursus |volume=13 |pages=127–136 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/251338929}}</ref> Sun bear scat collected in Ulu Segama Forest Reserve in Sabah also contained remains of turtles and reptiles, and of [[Ficus|fig]]s and other fruits.<ref name=Wong2002/> In the forests of Kalimantan, the fruits of [[Moraceae]], [[Burseraceae]], and [[Myrtaceae]] species made up more than 50% of the fruit diet; in times of fruit scarcity, sun bears switched to a more [[Insectivore|insectivorous]] diet.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fredriksson |first1=G. M. |last2=Trisno |first2=S. A. W. |title=Frugivory in sun bears (''Helarctos malayanus'') is linked to El Niño-related fluctuations in fruiting phenology, East Kalimantan, Indonesia |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2006 |volume=89 |issue=3 |pages=489–508 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00688.x |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Elaeis|Oil palm]]s are nutritious but not enough for subsistence.<ref name="Guharajan-2017">{{cite journal |last1=Guharajan |first1=R. |last2=Abram |first2=N. K. |last3=Magguna |first3=M. A. |last4=Goossens |first4=B. |last5=Wong |first5=S. T. |last6=Nathan |first6=S. K. S. S. |last7=Garshelis |first7=D. L. |date=2017 |title=Does the vulnerable sun bear ''Helarctos malayanus'' damage crops and threaten people in oil palm plantations? |journal=Oryx |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=611–619 |doi=10.1017/S0030605317001089 |s2cid=90111598 |doi-access=free}}</ref> It forages mostly at night. It tears open hollow trees with its long, sharp claws and teeth in search of wild bees and honey. It breaks termite mounds and quickly licks and sucks the contents, holding pieces of the broken mound with its front paws.<ref name=nowak/>

A study in Central Borneo revealed that sun bears play an important role in the [[seed dispersal]] of ''[[Canarium pilosum]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McConkey |first1=K. |last2=Galetti |first2=M. |date=1999 |title=Seed dispersal by the sun bear ''Helarctos malayanus'' in Central Borneo |journal=Journal of Tropical Ecology |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=237–241 |s2cid=53694341 |doi=10.1017/S0266467499000784 |hdl=11449/37442 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Sun bears eat the centre of [[coconut palm]]s, and crush oil-rich seeds such as [[acorn]]s.<ref name="nowak" />

===Reproduction===
The sun bear is [[polyoestrous]]; births occur throughout the year.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frederick |first1=C. |last2=Hunt |first2=K. E. |last3=Kyes |first3=R. |last4=Collins |first4=D. |last5=Wasser |first5=S. K. |date=2012 |title=Reproductive timing and aseasonality in the sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') |journal=Journal of Mammalogy |volume=93 |issue=2 |pages=522–531 |doi=10.1644/11-MAMM-A-108.1 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schwarzenberger |first1=F. |last2=Fredriksson |first2=G. |last3=Schaller |first3=K. |last4=Kolter |first4=L. |date=2004 |title=Fecal steroid analysis for monitoring reproduction in the sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') |journal=Theriogenology |volume=62 |issue=9 |pages=1677–1692 |doi=10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.03.007 |pmid=15511554 |citeseerx=10.1.1.556.2474}}</ref> [[Oestrus]] lasts five to seven days. Sun bears become [[sexually mature]] at two to four years of age.<ref name=ms/><ref name=humphrey/> Reported lengths for [[Gestation]] varies from 95 to 240 days; pregnancy tends to be longer in zoos in [[temperate climate]] possibly due to [[Delayed implantation|delay in implantation]] or [[fertilisation]].<ref name=humphrey/> Births occur inside hollow tree cavities.<ref name=iucn/> A litter typically comprises one or two cubs weighing around {{cvt|325|g}} each.<ref name=nowak/> Cubs are born deaf with eyes closed. The eyes open at nearly 25 days, but they remain blind till 50 days after birth; the sense of hearing improves over the first 50 days. Cubs younger than two months are dependent on external stimulation for defecation. Cubs are kept on [[buttress root]]s at the base of trees until they learn how to walk and climb properly. Mothers protect their cubs aggressively. Offspring remain with their mother for nearly the first three years of their lives. Lifespan in captivity is generally over 20 years; one individual has lived for 34 years.<ref name=ms/><ref name=nowak/>

==Threats==
According to the [[IUCN]] Bear Specialist Group, sun bear populations have fallen by an estimated 35% since the 1990s. Numbers are especially low in Bangladesh and China, and populations in Vietnam are feared to decline severely by 50–80% in the next 30 years. [[Habitat fragmentation]] is on the rise, particularly in Borneo, Sumatra, and some areas of the mainland range. Heavy deforestation (due to agriculture, logging, and forest fires) and hunting for [[wildlife trade]] are severe threats throughout the range; human-bear conflicts are a relatively minor threat.<ref name=iucn/><ref name=servheen2/> Compared to other continents, Southeast Asia has undergone severe depletion in forest cover over the past few decades (by almost 12% between 1990 and 2010); this has resulted in substantial habitat loss for forest-dependent species such as sun bears.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sodhi |first1=N. S. |last2=Koh |first2=L. P. |last3=Brook |first3=B. W. |last4=Ng |first4=P. K.L. |title=Southeast Asian biodiversity: an impending disaster |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |date=2004 |volume=19 |issue=12 |pages=654–660 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2004.09.006|pmid=16701328 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stibig |first1=H.-J. |last2=Achard |first2=F. |last3=Carboni |first3=S. |last4=Raši |first4=R. |last5=Miettinen |first5=J. |title=Change in tropical forest cover of Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2010 |journal=Biogeosciences |date=2014 |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=247–258 |doi=10.5194/bg-11-247-2014 |bibcode=2014BGeo...11..247S |doi-access=free}}</ref> A 2007 study in [[East Borneo]] recorded severe loss of habitat and food resources due to droughts and forest fires brought about by the [[El Niño]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fredriksson |first1=G. M. |last2=Danielsen |first2=L. S. |last3=Swenson |first3=J. E. |title=Impacts of El Niño related drought and forest fires on sun bear fruit resources in lowland dipterocarp forest of East Borneo |journal=Biodiversity and Conservation |date=2006 |volume=16 |issue=6 |pages=1823–1838 |doi=10.1007/s10531-006-9075-0|s2cid=33022260}}</ref>

On the island of Borneo sun bears were found to be hunted by pythons in their most vulnerable state.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fredriksson |first1=G. M. |title=Predation on Sun Bears by Reticulated Python in East Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. |journal=Raffles Bulletin of Zoology |date=2005 |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=165, 168}}</ref> Pythons are successfully able to attack by taking advantage of the night time when the sun bears are sleeping or nursing their cub. In Southeast Asia, a male leopard (''Panthera pardus'') has been photographed with a sun bear cub being held by the throat. This reported case has been reported to be the second confirmed predator as of 2019.<ref name=HlaNaing/>

Studies have found evidence of pet trade and sale of sun bear parts such as [[gall bladder]]s in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] (TCM) shops in Sabah and [[Sarawak]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gomez |first1=L. |last2=Shepherd |first2=C. R. |last3=Khoo |first3=M. |date=2020 |title=Illegal trade of sun bear parts in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak |journal=Endangered Species Research |volume=41 |pages=279–287 |doi=10.3354/esr01028 |s2cid=213779453 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2018 and 2019, 128 TCM outlets in 24 locations across Sabah and Sarawak were surveyed and bear parts and derivatives were recorded for sale in 25% of the outlets surveyed, many of which would have been derived from locally sourced sun bears.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gomez |first1=Lalita |last2=Shepherd |first2=Chris R. |last3=Khoo |first3=Min Sheng |date=2020-03-12 |title=Illegal trade of sun bear parts in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak |journal=Endangered Species Research |volume=41 |pages=279–287 |doi=10.3354/esr01028 |s2cid=213779453 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Sun bears were killed by shooting or administering poison to protect coconut and [[snakefruit]] plantations in east Kalimantan.<ref name=Meijaard1999>{{cite journal |last=Meijaard |first=E. |date=1999 |title=Human imposed threats to sun bears in Borneo |journal=Ursus |url=http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_11/Meijaard_Vol_11.pdf|volume=11 (A Selection of Papers from the Eleventh International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Graz, Austria, September 1997, and Gatlinburg, Tennessee, April 1998) |jstor=3873000|pages=185–192 |access-date=2013-02-07|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723051917/http://www.bearbiology.com/fileadmin/tpl/Downloads/URSUS/Vol_11/Meijaard_Vol_11.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> A report published by [[Traffic (conservation programme)|TRAFFIC]] in 2011 showed that sun bears, along with Asian black bears and [[brown bear]]s, are specifically targeted for the [[Bile bear|bear bile]] trade in Southeast Asia, and are kept in bear farms in Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Poaching is common in several countries in the region.<ref name=foley>{{cite report |last1=Foley |first1=K. E. |last2=Stengel |first2=C. J. |last3=Shepherd |first3=C. R. |date=2011 |title=Pills, powders, vials and flakes: the bear bile trade in Asia |url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/2704/pills_powders_vials_and_flakes_report.pdf |publisher=[[Traffic (conservation programme)|TRAFFIC]] Southeast Asia |place=Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia |pages=1–79 |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=2020-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925233317/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/2704/pills_powders_vials_and_flakes_report.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

Hunting pressure is rising even in some protected areas; in the [[Nam Ha National Protected Area]] in Laos, hunter snares have been found that specifically target bears.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Dismantling the "wall of death": emergency bear snare-line patrol in the Nam Kan National Protected Area, Lao PDR |date=2012|volume=21|issue=4|journal=International Bear News |last1=Scotson |first1=L. |last2=Hunt |first2=M. |pages=17–19|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318988031}}</ref> A study in [[Nagaland]] (northeastern India) recorded a sparse distribution of sun bears in Fakim and [[Ntangki National Park|Ntangki]] National Parks, and reported extensive illegal hunting for food and trade in bear parts.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Conservation status of sun bear (''Helarctos malayanus'') in Nagaland state, north-east India|journal=Asian Journal of Conservation Biology |volume=1|issue=2|pages=103–109 |date=2012 |last1=Sethy |first1=J. |last2=Chauhan|first2=N. P. S. |url=http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers_dec_12/8_Sethy_Chauhan%20_AJCB_1_2_103-109.pdf |access-date=2020-05-05|archive-date=2020-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530204841/http://ajcb.in/journals/full_papers_dec_12/8_Sethy_Chauhan%20_AJCB_1_2_103-109.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Protective laws have shown little success in controlling these threats, especially due to poor execution and high potential for gains by the trade.<ref name=foley/>

==Conservation ==
[[File:Helarctos_malayanus,_Surabaya_Zoo,_Indonesia.webm|A sun bear in [[Surabaya Zoo]]|thumb]]
The sun bear is listed as vulnerable on the [[IUCN Red List]], and is [[List of species protected by CITES Appendix I|included]] in [[CITES#Appendix I|CITES Appendix I]].<ref name=iucn/> With the exception of Sarawak (Malaysia) and Cambodia, the sun bear is legally protected from hunting in its whole range. A 2014 report documented rampant poaching and trade in sun bear parts in Sarawak, more than anywhere else in Malaysia; the researchers recommended stricter legislations in the state to protect local sun bears.<ref>{{cite journal |title=A review of the sun bear trade in Sarawak, Malaysia |journal=TRAFFIC Bulletin |volume=26|issue=1|pages=37–40 |date=2014 |last1=Krishnasamy |first1=K.|last2=Shepherd|first2=C. R. |url=https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/3004/traffic_pub_bulletin_26_1_sun_bear_trade_sarawak_malaysia.pdf |access-date=2020-05-05 |archive-date=2020-05-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530205335/https://www.traffic.org/site/assets/files/3004/traffic_pub_bulletin_26_1_sun_bear_trade_sarawak_malaysia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== In captivity ===
The Malayan sun bear is part of an international captive-breeding program and a [[Species Survival Plan]] under the [[Association of Zoos and Aquariums]] since late 1994.<ref name=Ball2000>{{cite report |last=Ball|first=J.|title=Sun bear fact sheet |publisher=Association of Zoos and Aquariums |date=2000 |url=https://nagonline.net/Fact%20Sheet%20pdf/AZA%20-%20Sun%20Bear%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827194607/https://nagonline.net/Fact%20Sheet%20pdf/AZA%20-%20Sun%20Bear%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf |archive-date=27 August 2008}}</ref> Since that same year, the European [[breed registry]] for the sun bear is kept in the [[Cologne Zoological Garden]], Germany.<ref>{{cite report|editor=Kok, J.|date=2008 |title=EAZA Bear TAG Annual Report 2007–2008 |work=[[European Association of Zoos and Aquaria]]}}</ref>

The [[Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre]], founded in 2008, aims to work for the welfare of sun bears rescued from poor conditions in captivity and spread awareness about their conservation.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Li |first1=T. C. |title=Sun bears: At home in the forest |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Environment/2014/05/05/At-home-in-the-forest/ |access-date=5 May 2020 |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |date=2014 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807191317/https://www.thestar.com.my/News/Environment/2014/05/05/At-home-in-the-forest/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Several sanctuaries in Southeast Asia aim to reduce the illegal trade in sun bears and offer opportunities for rehabilitation, research and improved public awareness. A conservation action plan was published in 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sun Bears: Global Status Review and Conservation Action Plan 2019-2028 |url=https://www.cpsg.org/sites/default/files/2024-05/Sun_bears_-_Global_status_review_conservation_action_plan_2019-2028_UNABRIDGED_B.pdf}}</ref>
{{clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons and category|Helarctos malayanus|Helarctos malayanus}}
{{Wikispecies|Helarctos malayanus}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060507173445/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/mammals/Helarctos_malayanus/ ARKive: Malayan Sun Bear ''(Helarctos malayanus)''] (archived 7 May 2006)
* [https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/sun-bear San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes: ''Sun Bear'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140218113140/http://sunbears.wildlifedirect.org/ Bornean Sun Bear Conservation] (archived 18 February 2014)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100628071048/http://www.cfc.umt.edu/GrizzlyBearRecovery/Publications%20International.html The effects of selective logging on Malayan sun bears in lowland tropical rainforest of Borneo] (archived 28 June 2010)

{{Carnivora|Ca.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q144923}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Portal bar|Biology|Animals|Mammals|Malaysia|Indonesia}}

[[Category:Ursinae|sun bear]]
[[Category:Fauna of Southeast Asia]]
[[Category:Carnivorans of Malaysia]]
[[Category:Extant Calabrian first appearances]]
[[Category:Mammals described in 1821|sun bear]]
[[Category:Species that are or were threatened by the pet trade]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Stamford Raffles]]
[[Category:Carnivorans of Borneo]]

Uyir

2026-03-19T03:36:16Z

KobyQ0272234: expanded details for clarity and fixed typos

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Uyir poster.jpg
| caption = Poster
| director = [[Samy (director)|Samy]]
| producer = R. Balaji R. Saravana
| writer = Samy
| starring = [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] [[Samvrutha Sunil]] [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]
| music = [[Joshua Sridhar]]
| cinematography = [[Fowzia Fathima]]
| editing = [[G. Sasikumar]]
| studio = Sri Balaji Cine Creations
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2006|06|30}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| runtime =
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Uyir''''' ({{translation|Soul}}) is a 2006 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[erotic thriller]] film written and directed by [[Samy (director)|Samy]] in his directorial debut. The film stars [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]], [[Samvrutha Sunil|Samruvtha]] (in her Tamil debut), and [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]. The film revolves around a woman who falls in love with her brother-in-law after the demise of her husband. The music was composed by [[Joshua Sridhar]] with cinematography by [[Fowzia Fathima]] and editing by [[G. Sasikumar]]. The film was released on 30 June 2006.

== Plot ==
Sundar ([[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]]) moves in with his brother's (Asim Sharma) family, consisting of his brother, sister-in-law Arundathi ([[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]]), and their daughter Aishwarya. Sundar becomes very close to all three of them, but unbeknownst to him, Arundathi is interested in him. Sundar drops his niece off at school every day and meets his girlfriend Anandhi ([[Samvrutha Sunil]]) there. His brother is excited to learn about their relationship but soon afterward commits suicide. Arundathi claims that his suicide was caused by problems at work. Sundar feels obligated to take care of his late brother's family, as Arundathi and Aishwarya have nowhere else to go. Arundathi tries her best to end Sundar's relationship with Anandhi while subtly hinting to Sundar about her love for him. Anandhi tries to warn Sundar about his conniving sister-in-law, but Arundathi succeeds in her plan. Whether Sundar gets together with Anandhi or not constitutes the rest of the plot.

== Cast ==
* [[Srikanth (actor, born 1979)|Srikanth]] as Sundar
* [[Samvrutha Sunil|Samruvtha]] as Anandhi
* [[Sangeetha Krish|Sangeetha]] as Arundathi
The uncredited cast includes Asim Sharma as Sundar's brother and Balaji as Sundar's friend.

==Production==
The film marked the directorial debut of Samy who earlier assisted [[S. A. Chandrasekhar]] and [[Cheran (director)|Cheran]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/02092005-2.shtml|title=Srikanth's Uyir|date=2 September 2005|website=Cinesouth|access-date=9 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018061056/http://www.cinesouth.com/masala/hotnews/new/02092005-2.shtml|archive-date=18 October 2006}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
Soundtrack was composed by [[Joshua Sridhar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Uyir (2006) |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/uyir-songs-T0000796 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823155128/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/uyir-songs-T0000796 |archive-date=23 August 2024 |access-date=19 July 2024 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref>

# "Convent Sollitharum" - Tippu, Natash, Dhanni
# "Udhadum Udhadum" - Karthik, Chandni
# "Aarum Ponnum" - Joshua Sridhar, Mahathi, Shalini
# "Kann Simittum Nerame" - Haricharan, Shalini, Mahathi
# "Uyir Theme Music"
# "Kanne Kadhal Nilame" - Pradeep, Harini

==Reception==
''The Hindu'' wrote "After a point the end is guessable, yet the treatment is a reiteration of Sami's astuteness. Story, screenplay, dialogue writer and director Sami, you hear, has worked with the likes of Parthiban and Cheran. The positive influence shows".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/07/07/stories/2006070700720200.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014152157/http://hindu.com/thehindu/fr/2006/07/07/stories/2006070700720200.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2007-10-14|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=Cleverness shows|date=2006-07-07|access-date=2015-08-15}}</ref> ''Rediff'' called it "a lifeless film".<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 July 2006 |title=Give Uyir a miss |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jul/03uyir.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121022807/https://www.rediff.com/movies/2006/jul/03uyir.htm |archive-date=21 November 2021 |access-date=21 November 2021 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Malini Mannath of ''Chennai Online'' wrote "What is worth appreciating about 'Uyir' is the director's sincere attempt to offer the viewer a fare different from the routine ones, not taking recourse to overt glamour or vulgarity though there was enough room for the script to be manipulated, and yet give a film that is fairly engaging".<ref>{{cite web |last=Mannath |first=Malini |date=10 July 2006 |title=Uyir |url=http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/07uyir.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060811212014/http://www.chennaionline.com/film/Moviereviews/2006/07uyir.asp |archive-date=11 August 2006 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=Chennai Online}}</ref> ''Cinesouth'' wrote "Director Samy can be lauded for accelerating the speed of the film with a very few characters".<ref>{{cite web |title=Uyir |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/uyir.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018082305/http://www.cinesouth.com/scopes/reviews/new/uyir.shtml |archive-date=18 October 2006 |access-date=11 August 2024 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title}}

{{Samy (director)}}

[[Category:2000s erotic thriller films]]
[[Category:2006 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:2006 films]]
[[Category:2006 Indian films]]
[[Category:2006 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:Films about adultery in India]]
[[Category:Films directed by Samy (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Joshua Sridhar]]
[[Category:Indian erotic thriller films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

U. T. Khader

2026-03-11T23:34:42Z

KobyQ0272234: content fix

{{Short description|Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Uppala
T. Khader Fareed
| image = U. T. Khader.jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1969|10|12|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Uppala]], [[Kasargod]], [[Kerala State]], India
| 1blankname = Leader of the House
| 1namedata = [[Siddaramaiah]]
| 2blankname = Deputy Speaker
| 2namedata = [[Rudrappa Lamani]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| office = 17th [[List of speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 24 May 2023
| predecessor = [[Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri]]
| office2 = Minister for Health and Family Welfare
| term_start2 = 20 May 2013
| term_end2 = 20 June 2016
| predecessor2 =
| successor2 =
| office3 = Minister for Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs
| term_start3 = 20 June 2016
| term_end3 = 2018
| predecessor3 = [[Dinesh Gundu Rao]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = Minister for Urban Development and Housing
| term_start4 = June 2018
| term_end4 = July 2019
| office5 = Deputy Leader of the Opposition of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly
| term_start5 = January 2022
| term_end5 = 13 May 2023
| office6 = [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Member of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency6 = [[Mangalore (Vidhana Sabha constituency)|Mangalore]]
| term_start6 = 2008
| term_end6 =
| predecessor6 = ''Constituency created''
| constituency7 = [[Ullal Assembly constituency|Ullal]]
| term_start7 = 2007
| term_end7 = 2007
| predecessor7 = U. T. Fareed
| successor7 = ''Constituency abolished''
| occupation = Advocate
| father = U. T. Fareed
| mother = Naseema
| website =
| footnotes =
| date = June
| year = 2021
| source = https://www.oneindia.com/politicians/u-t-abdul-khadar-ali-fareed-5495.html
}}

'''U. T. Khader Fareed''' is an Indian politician who is currently serving as the 17th [[List of speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly|Speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]], since May 2023.<ref name="U.T. Khader unanimously elected Speaker of Karnataka Assembly">{{cite news |newspaper=The Hindu |title=U.T. Khader unanimously elected Speaker of Karnataka Assembly |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ut-khader-unanimously-elected-speaker-of-karnataka-legislative-assembly/article66887920.ece |accessdate=5 June 2023 |date=24 May 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605161156/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/ut-khader-unanimously-elected-speaker-of-karnataka-legislative-assembly/article66887920.ece |archivedate=5 June 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> He previously served as the [[Government of Karnataka#Cabinet|Cabinet Minister]] for Health & Family Welfare, Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs and also for Urban Development and Housing in [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/karnataka-newly-inducted-housing-minister-vows-to-provide-houses-for-poor/articleshow/64523787.cms|title=Karnataka: Newly inducted housing minister vows to provide houses for poor|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=17 June 2018|date=9 June 2018}}</ref>

Khader is a fourth-term [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|MLA]] representing the [[Mangalore (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Mangalore constituency]] (previously known as the [[Ullal Assembly constituency|Ullal]]) of the [[Karnataka Legislative Assembly]].

He is a member of the [[Indian National Congress]] and was the only Congress MLA to win from the [[Dakshina Kannada]] and [[Udupi]] districts in the [[2018 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election|2018 State election.]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/ut-khader-makes-it-to-the-state-ministry-again/article24101579.ece |title=U.T. Khader makes it to the State Ministry again |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 June 2018 |access-date=12 October 2018}}</ref>

He defeated Santosh Kumar Rai of [[BJP]] by a margin of 19,739 votes in the 2018 assembly election.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseS1014.htm |title=Constituencywise Trends |publisher=Eciresults.nic.in |date=2018-05-16 |access-date=2018-06-07 |archive-date=4 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604034617/http://eciresults.nic.in/StatewiseS1014.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

He defeated Sathish Kumpala of the [[BJP]] by a margin of 22,977 votes in the 2023 assembly election.<ref>{{cite web | last=A | first=Naina J | title=Karnataka election result 2023: Congress's U T Khader wins | website=Deccan Herald | date=2023-05-13 | url=https://www.deccanherald.com/elections/karnataka/karnataka-election-result-2023-congresss-u-t-khader-wins-1218384.html | access-date=2025-04-25}}</ref>

==Early life==
Khader was born and brought up in [[Uppala|Uppala, Kasargod]]. His mother is Naseema and his father is the Haji U. T. Fareed. He has three brothers and one sister.<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/ullal-is-now-mangalore-but-the-first-family-hangs-on/article4646947.ece U. T. Fareed & Family, Hangs on to Ullal]</ref>

==Political career==
He was the Minister for Health and Family Welfare of Karnataka from 20 May 2013 to 20 June 2016 as part of the [[First Siddaramaiah ministry|Siddaramaiah cabinet]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangaluru/surrender-kerosene-permit-take-2-led-recharge-lamps-khader/articleshow/59903405.cms |title=Surrender kerosene permit, take 2 LED recharge lamps: Khader | Mangaluru News - Times of India |publisher=Timesofindia.indiatimes.com |date=2017-08-03 |access-date=2018-06-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mangalore/Villagers-demand-measures-to-check-malaria-dengue/articleshow/34485498.cms|title=Villagers demand measures to check malaria, dengue - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=2016-11-25}}</ref>

Khader previously served as the deputy opposition leader of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2023-07-20 |title=Suspension of 10 BJP MLAs from Karnataka Assembly: Speaker, Deputy Speaker meet Governor to brief him on situation |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/suspension-of-10-bjp-mlas-from-karnataka-assembly-speaker-deputy-speaker-meet-governor-to-brief-him-on-situation/article67100946.ece |access-date=2024-01-30 |newspaper=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/khader-to-be-deputy-leader-in-house/article38350360.ece | title=Khader to be Deputy Leader in House | date=30 January 2022 | newspaper=The Hindu | accessdate=12 March 2026}}

== External links ==
*[http://myneta.info/karnataka2013/candidate.php?candidate_id=840 U. T. Khadar affidavit]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khader, UT}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:State cabinet ministers of Karnataka]]
[[Category:Politicians from Mangalore]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2018–2023]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2023–2028]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Karnataka]]
[[Category:1969 births]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2008–2013]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2013–2018]]
[[Category:Karnataka MLAs 2004–2007]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly]]

Lalitha Mahal

2026-03-09T18:38:39Z

KobyQ0272234: started new bio w/ refs...

{{Short description|Royal residence and luxury hotel in Mysore, India}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Lalitha Mahal
| image = Palais-Mysore.jpg
| caption = Lalitha Mahal, Mysore
| pushpin_map = Karnataka
| coordinates = {{coord|12.298|76.693|region:IN-KA|display=inline,title}}
| location_town = [[Mysore]]
| location_country = India
| architect = [[E.W. Fritchley]]
| client = [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]], Mysore Kingdom
| engineer =
| construction_start_date = 1921
| completion_date = 20th century
| demolished_date =
| cost = {{INR}}1.3 million
| structural_system = Stone masonry and marble
| architectural_style = [[Renaissance architecture]]
| size =
}}

The '''Lalitha Mahal''', now renamed '''Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel''', is a luxury hotel located in a former royal residence, and the second largest palace in the [[South India|southern Indian]] city of [[Mysore]], Karnataka, after the [[Mysore Palace]]. It is located near the [[Chamundi Hills]], east of the city. The palace was built in 1921 by Maharaja [[Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV]] for the exclusive stay of the [[Governor-General of India]].<ref name="mahal">{{Cite web|url=http://www.lalithamahalpalace.in/|title=About Lalitha Mahal|accessdate=2010-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617045521/http://www.lalithamahalpalace.in/|archive-date=17 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Built on a raised ground, the palace was fashioned on the lines of [[St Paul's Cathedral]] in [[London]] and is [[List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore|one of the imposing structures]] in Mysore.<ref name="Cannadine">{{Cite book|last= Cannadine|first= David|title= Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire|work=Lalitha Mahal|pages=[https://archive.org/details/ornamentalism00davi/page/54 54]–55|accessdate=2010-01-02|url= https://archive.org/details/ornamentalism00davi|url-access= registration|quote= Lalit Mahal.|publisher= Oxford University Press US|year=2002|isbn=0-19-515794-X}}</ref><ref name="Raman">{{Cite book|last=Raman|first=Afried|title=Bangalore – Mysore|work=Mysore Palace|pages=87–88|accessdate=2010-01-02|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&dq=Mysore+770&pg=PA110|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=1994|isbn=978-0-86311-431-1|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524130549/http://www.google.co.in/books?id=BIGvZqG2JG4C&pg=PA110&dq=Mysore+770&as_brr=3&sig=67NNbsZctrs2F4gKoFlUphWdkYM#v=onepage&q=Mysore%20770&f=false|archive-date=24 May 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="samachar">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysoresamachar.com/palacesinmysore.htm|title=Palaces of Mysore: Lalitha Mahal Palace|accessdate=2010-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510081741/http://www.mysoresamachar.com/palacesinmysore.htm|archive-date=10 May 2018|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref name="Bruyn">{{Cite book|last=Bruyn|first= Pippa de |author2=Niloufer Venkatraman |author3=Keith Bain |title= Frommer's India|work=Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel|pages=[https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr/page/266 266]–267|accessdate=2010-01-02|url= https://archive.org/details/frommersindia0000debr|url-access=registration|quote=Size of Lalit Mahal Palace.|publisher= John Wiley and Sons|year=2006|isbn=0-7645-9899-6}}</ref>

The palace is painted pure white. It was converted into a heritage hotel in 1974.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Lalitha Mahal|url=http://www.lalithamahalpalace.in/|access-date=2 January 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617045521/http://www.lalithamahalpalace.in/|archive-date=17 June 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was run as a part of the [[Ashok Group]] of the [[India Tourism Development Corporation]] (ITDC) under the [[Government of India]] until 2018 when it was transferred to a unit of the [[Government of Karnataka]].<ref name="lalitha 1">{{cite news |last1=Khan |first1=Laiqh a |title=Jungle Lodges and Resorts set to take over Lalitha Mahal Palace |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/jungle-lodges-and-resorts-set-to-take-over-lalitha-mahal-palace/article22810394.ece |accessdate=13 June 2018 |work=The Hindu |date=21 February 2018 |language=en-IN}}</ref> However, a veneer of the original royal ambience of the palace is maintained.<ref name="mahal" /><ref name="Raman" /><ref name="Ashok">{{Cite web|url=http://www.theashokgroup.com/hotels/lalithamahal.html|title=Lalitha Mahal Palace (A Heritage Ashok)|accessdate=2010-01-02|publisher=Ashok Group Hotels|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513225748/http://theashokgroup.com/hotels/lalithamahal.html|archive-date=13 May 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
The Lalitha Mahal palace dates to the early 20th century, built during the [[Kingdom of Mysore]] and [[British Raj|British India]]. The palace was constructed with a reasonable amount of money out of the kingdom's annual income of two million pounds at that time.<ref name=mahal/><ref name= Cannadine/> The palace was built in 1921 initially for the exclusive stay of the [[Viceroy of India|Governor-General of India]] and subsequently used as a guest house for European guests of the Maharaja.<ref name= Cannadine/><ref name=Raman/>

==Architecture==
[[File:Lalitha mahal mysore ml wiki.JPG|thumb|left|250px|Lalitha Mahal at Mysore – now a five-star hotel – is a host to visiting dignitaries and VIPs]]
Set amidst sprawling landscaped gardens below the Chamundi hills, the palace was planned by Edwin Wolleston Fritchley, the architect from [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) and <><ref>http://www.inmysore.com/lalitha-mahal-palace constructed</ref> by [[B Munivenkatappa]]. Work started in 1921 and completed in 1930. The palace built in [[Renaissance]] [[architectural style]] is considered an adaptation of the [[St Paul's Cathedral|St. Paul's Cathedral]] in London, particularly the central dome. The architecture of the palace reflects English [[manor house]]s and Italian [[palazzo]]s.<ref>https://mysore.ind.in/lalitha-mahal-palace|title=Lalitha Mahal Palace - Mysore</ref> It is a two storied structure.<ref name=lalith>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mysore.org.uk/royal-buildings/lalith-mahal-palace.html|title=Lalitha Mahal Palace Mysore|accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref> The supporting structure of the palace is of Ionic double column. At the ground level, there is a projecting porch. Spherical domes with the dominating central dome sets the front elevation of the palace. Decorative stained glass has been extensively used both in the exterior facades and in interiors doors, windows and ceilings.<ref name=Raman/><ref name=tour>{{Cite web|url=http://mysoretourism.org/Lalith%20Mahal.htm|title=Lalith Manhal|accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref>

The palace has a viceroy room, a banquet hall, a dancing floor and an Italian marble staircase (has an arresting curve) and also embellished with small ornamentations, which are said to be replicas from various palaces in [[United Kingdom|Britain]]. The full length portraits of the Wodeyar Kings, Italian marble floors and [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[crystal]] [[chandeliers]], cut glass lamps, heavy ornate furniture, mosaic tiles and a couple of exquisite [[Persian carpet]]s gives the palace its regal ambience. With conversion of the palace into a heritage hotel, interiors have been modified to provide for modern conveniences but most of the earlier sections of the palace such as the dancing and banquet halls have been retained in their original elegance but adopted as dining halls and conference halls for holding meetings and conventions; these have polished wooden flooring and three stain glassed domes in the ceiling. The ball room in particular, which has been converted into the Dining Hall of the hotel, is a [[baroque]] hall with immensely high ceiling with domed skylights made of Belgian glass. A swimming pool is now an additional provision.<ref name=Raman/><ref name=samachar/><ref name=Bruyn/> The elevator, carpeting and the Ottoman, upholstered with tapestry are treasured items in the palace.<ref name=Bindloss>{{Cite book|last=Bindloss|first=Joe|author2=Sarina Singh |title=India|work=Lalith Mahal|page=[https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari/page/900 900]|accessdate=2010-01-02|url=https://archive.org/details/lonelyplanetindi00sari|url-access=registration|quote=Lalith Mahal.|publisher= Lonely Planet|year=2007|isbn=978-1-74104-308-2}}</ref>

[[File:Lalitha Mahal Palace , Mysore - The Ball Room converted to a restaurant in the Palace 07.jpg|thumb|320x320px|Lalitha Mahal - Palace to stay for the VIP as well ordinary citizens]]

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="180" heights="120" perrow="5">
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace , Mysore - The Entrance Reception Area.jpg|The Reception Hall of the Palace
File:Dining Hall of Lalitha Mahal.jpg|The Grand Ballroom which is now the Dining Hall of Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore.jpg|The main stairway made of [[Italy|Italian]] marble.
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore1.jpg|The Ballroom - Three Domed skylights made of [[Belgium|Belgian]] glass
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore2.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Palace
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore3.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Palace
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore6.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Palace
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore7.jpg|Lalitha Mahal
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel, Mysore8.jpg|The Ottoman or Buggy
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace hotel.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Hotel
File:Mysore India.jpg|Garden from the terrace of the Lalitha Mahal Palace
File:Mysore si0878.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Hotel
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace , Mysore - Main Hall Staircase.jpg|The Primary Stairway of the Palace and Porch
File:Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel.jpg|Lalitha Mahal Palace Hotel
File:Interior of the Lalitha Mahal hotel in Mysore.jpg|interior
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of Heritage Buildings in Mysore]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Commons category|Lalitha Mahal}}
{{Mysore topics}}

[[Category:Palaces in Mysore]]
[[Category:Hotels in Mysore]]
[[Category:1921 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Hotel buildings completed in 1921]]
[[Category:Hotels established in 1974]]
[[Category:Heritage hotels in India]]
[[Category:Royal residences in India]]
[[Category:20th-century architecture in India]]

Deepali Noor

2026-03-08T17:41:28Z

KobyQ0272234: adding a bio and citations.

{{short description|Indian fashion designer}}
{{Undisclosed paid|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox fashion designer
| name = Deepali Noor
| image =
| alt =
| birth_place = Mumbai, India<ref>{{cite web |title=Profile: Manish Malhotra |url=http://www.indiafashionweek.com/designers/manish-malhotra.html |publisher=India Fashion Week |accessdate=2 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102194547/http://www.indiafashionweek.com/designers/manish-malhotra.html |archivedate=2 January 2014 }}</ref>
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Fashion designer]]
| awards = [[Vijay Award for Best Costume Designer]] for her work in the film [[Madrasapattinam]]. also won the [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamilar Awards 2011: – Winners of the year {{!}} NTFF |url=http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |website=www.ntff.no |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |archive-date=2015-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> for '''Best Costume Design'''
| website = www.deepalinoor.com}}

'''Deepali Noor''' is an Indian fashion designer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepali Noor Costume Designer Profile {{!}} Biography {{!}} Latest {{!}} Photos {{!}} Videos {{!}} Movies – Metromatinee |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/12599-deepali-noor |website=www.metromatinee.com |access-date=2016-01-20 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> She was born in [[Mumbai]], Maharashtra. She was involved in advertising and modelling before joining the fashion industry.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Backstage Pro - Deepali Noor {{!}} RITZ|url=http://www.ritzmagazine.in/the-backstage-pro-deepali-noor/|date=2016-09-12|website=RITZ Magazine|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-14}}</ref>

==Achievements==
Deepali has won several awards for her work. She won the [[Vijay Award for Best Costume Designer]] for her work in the film [[Madrasapattinam]] in 2012. She was also nominated for the same award for her work in [[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban (film)]]{{citation needed|date=October 2022}} in 2010. She also won the [[Ananda Vikatan]] award in the year 2012 and the [[Norway Tamil Film Festival Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tamilar Awards 2011: – Winners of the year {{!}} NTFF |url=http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |website=www.ntff.no |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812112339/http://www.ntff.no/TamilarAwardWinner2011 |archive-date=2015-08-12 |url-status=dead}}</ref> for '''Best Costume Design''' in the year 2011 for her work in [[Madrasapattinam]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Year
!Film
!Actor(s)
|-
|2024
|[[Pushpa 2: The Rule]]
|[[Allu Arjun]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]]
|-
|2023
|[[Varisu]]
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
|-
|2021
|[[Pushpa: The Rise]]
|[[Allu Arjun]], [[Rashmika Mandanna]]
|-
|2021
|[[Minnal Murali]]
|[[Tovino Thomas]] (only superhero costume)
|-
|2018
|[[Sarkar (2018 film)|Sarkar]]
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Keerthy Suresh]]
|-
|2018
|[[Thaanaa Serndha Koottam]]
|[[Keerthy Suresh]]
|-
|2016
|[[Mudinja Ivana Pudi]]
|[[Sudeep]], [[Nithya Menen]]
|-
|2016
|[[Sarainodu]]
|[[Allu Arjun]]
|-
|2016
|[[Theri (film)|Theri]]
|[[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]]
|-
|2014
|[[Bangalore Days]]
|[[Dulquer Salmaan]], [[Fahadh Faasil]], [[Nivin Pauly]], [[Nazriya Nazim]], [[Isha Talwar]], [[Parvathy Thiruvothu|Parvathy]], [[Nithya Menen]]
|-
|2015
|[[Puli (2015 film)|Puli]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Another Feather in Puli's Crown |url=http://loop21.com/movie-reviews/another-feather-in-pulis-crown-3261 |website=Loop21{{!}}The Front Page Of A NewsPaper |access-date=2016-01-20 |language=en-US |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143306/http://loop21.com/movie-reviews/another-feather-in-pulis-crown-3261/ |archivedate=2015-09-24 }}</ref>
|[[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]]
|-
|2015
|[[Son of Satyamurthy]]
|[[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]]
|-
|2015
|[[Meagamann]]
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]
|-
|2015
|[[10 Enradhukulla]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chimbu Devan, Vijay, Manish Malhotra, sridevi, sudeep |url=http://chennaieditor.com/cinema-news/what-is-unique-in-vijay-58.html |website=chennaieditor.com |access-date=2016-01-20 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
|[[Samantha Akkineni|Samantha]]
|-
|2015
|[[Vasuvum Saravananum Onna Padichavanga]]
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]
|-
|2015
|[[Kaaki Sattai]]
|[[Sivakarthikeyan]], [[Sri Divya]]
|-
|2015
|[[Pencil (film)]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.studioflicks.com/gallery/pencil-movie-stills/ |title=Pencil Movie Details |date= |access-date= |website= |publisher= |last= |first= |archive-date=27 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327051245/http://www.studioflicks.com/gallery/pencil-movie-stills/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|[[G V Prakash Kumar]], [[Sri Divya]]
|-
|2015
|[[I (2015 film)|I]]
|[[Vikram (actor)|Vikram]], [[Ramkumar]]
|-
|2014
|[[Kaththi]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmography of Deepali Noor – Metromatinee |url=http://www.metromatinee.com/artist/12599-deepali-noor-filmography |website=www.metromatinee.com |access-date=2016-01-20 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Puli will be having 5 costume designers like Deepali Noor, Manish Malhotra, Sai, Shiva and Chaitanya Rao {{!}} Vijay Fans Network – A Die Hard Vijay Fans Community |url=http://www.diehardvijayfans.com/2014/11/18/vijay58-will-be-having-5-costume-designers-like-deepali-noor-manish-malhotra-sai-shiva-and-chaitanya-rao/ |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref>
| [[Vijay (actor)|Vijay]], [[Neil Nitin Mukesh]], [[Samantha (actress)|Samantha]]
|-
|2014
|[[Anjaan (2014 film)]]
|[[Suriya]], [[Vidyut Jamwal]], [[Samantha (actress)]]
|-
|2013
|[[Irandaam Ulagam]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Irandam Ulagam definition/meaning |url=http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=irandam+ulagam |website=Omnilexica |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref>
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Anushka Shetty]]
|-
|2013
|[[Raja Rani (2013 film)]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=IndiaGlitz – Raja Rani User Review – Malayalam Movie News |url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/raja-rani-user-review-malayalam-news-98115.html |website=www.indiaglitz.com |date=30 September 2013 |access-date=2016-01-20 |archive-date=2 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170102181411/http://www.indiaglitz.com/raja-rani-user-review-malayalam-news-98115.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]]
|-
|2013
|[[Settai (2013 film)|Settai]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Settai Movie Review Settai, Arya, Hansika |url=http://behindwoods.com/tamil-movies/settai/Settai.html |website=behindwoods.com |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref>
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Santhanam (actor)]], [[Ravikumar (actor)]], [[Hansika Motwani]]
|-
|2013
|[[Thalaivaa]]<ref name=":0" />
|[[Vijay (actor)]], [[Amala Paul]]
|-
|2012
|[[Nanban (2012 film)|Nanban (film)]]
|[[Vijay (actor)]], [[Illeana D'Cruz]]
|-
|2012
|[[Run Baby Run (2012 film)]]
|[[Mohanlal]], [[Amala Paul]]
|-
|2012
|[[Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal]]
|[[Atharvaa]], [[Amala Paul]]
|-
|2012
|[[Vettai]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deepali Noor – Box Office |url=http://www.the-numbers.com/person/298110401-Deepali-Noor#tab=summary |website=The Numbers |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref>
|[[R. Madhavan]], [[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Sameera Reddy]], [[Amala Paul]]
|-
|2011
|[[Rowthiram]]
|[[Shriya Saran]]
|-
|2010
|[[Chikku Bukku]]
|[[Shriya Saran]], [[Arya (actor)]]
|-
|2010
|[[Boss Engira Bhaskaran]]
|[[Arya (actor)]]
|-
|2010
|[[Deiva Thirumagal]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Costume Designer Deepali Noor |url=http://moviegalleri.net/tag/costume-designer-deepali-noor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717224057/http://moviegalleri.net/tag/costume-designer-deepali-noor |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 July 2011 |website=moviegalleri.net |date=11 July 2011 |access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref>
|[[Vikram (actor)]] and entire cast
|-
|2010
|[[Madrasapattinam]]
|[[Arya (actor)|Arya]], [[Amy Jackson]] & Entire Film
|-
|2006
|[[Sillunu Oru Kaadhal]]
|[[Suriya]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb name|3357530}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Noor, Deepali}}
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women fashion designers]]
[[Category:Indian fashion designers]]
[[Category:Indian costume designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian designers]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women artists]]

Nityanand Rai

2026-03-07T04:49:58Z

KobyQ0272234: quick fix

{{short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Nityanand Rai
| office = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Minister of State for Home Affairs]]
| native_name = 
| image = Nityanand Rai (cropped).jpg
| caption = Rai in 2019
| constituency =
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| predecessor = [[Kiren Rijiju]]
| minister = [[Amit Shah]]
| successor =
| footnotes =
| date =
| year =
| source =
| term_start = 30 May 2019 Served with [[Hansraj Gangaram Ahir|H. G. Ahir]] (2019) and [[G. Kishan Reddy]] (2019 – 21) Served with [[Nisith Pramanik|N. Pramanik]] and [[Ajay Kumar Mishra|A.K Mishra]] (2021 - 2024) Serving with [[Bandi Sanjay Kumar]] (2024- Present)
| term_end =
| office2 = [[List of state presidents of the Bharatiya Janata Party|President of Bharatiya Janata Party, Bihar]]
| term_start2 = 30 November 2016
| term_end2 = 15 September 2019
| predecessor2 = [[Mangal Pandey (Bihar politician)|Mangal Pandey]]
| successor2 = [[Sanjay Jaiswal]]
| office3 = [[Member of Parliament (India)|Member of Parliament]], [[Lok Sabha]]
| predecessor3 = [[Aswamedh Devi]]
| constituency3 = [[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]]
| term_start3 = 16 May 2014
| term_end3 =
| office4 = [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Member of Bihar Legislative Assembly]]
| predecessor4 = [[Rajendra Rai]]
| successor4 = [[Awadhesh Singh]]
| constituency4 = [[Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Hajipur]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elections.in/bihar/assembly-constituencies/hajipur.html|website=www.elections.in|title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Hajipur Assembly Constituency}}</ref>
| term_start4 = 2000
| term_end4 = 2014
| party = [[File:BJP Flag.svg|25px]] [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| birth_name = Nityanand Rai Yadav
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1966|01|01|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Hajipur]], [[Bihar]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality =
| spouse = Amita Rai
| children = 1 Daughter
| parents =
| residence = Karnpura, [[Vaishali District|Vaishali]], [[Bihar]]
| alma_mater = Raj Narayan College, Hajipur, Vaishali, [[Bihar University]]
| occupation = [[Politician]] & [[Agriculturist]]
| education = [[Graduation|Graduate]]
| website = {{URL|http://nityanandrai.in/}}
}}

'''Nityanand Rai''' (born on 1 January 1966)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-13|title=The rise and rise of Nityanand Rai|url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nityanand-rai-profile-6722230/|first=Santosh|last=Singh|access-date=2020-10-13|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> is an Indian politician and the current Minister of State for Home Affairs in the [[Government of India]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberBioprofile.aspx?mpsno=4625 |title = Members : Lok Sabha}}</ref> He was elected in the 2014 and 2019 General Election from [[Ujiarpur (Lok Sabha constituency)|Ujiarpur]] as a candidate of the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]. He had continuously represented [[Hajipur Assembly constituency|Hajipur constituency]] in [[Bihar Legislative Assembly|Bihar legislative]] assembly winning elections since 2000 (2000, Feb-2005, October- 2005 and 2010) till he was elected for the parliament.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/indian-parliament/nityanand-rai|title=Nityanand Rai|publisher=National Portal of India|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/bihar-bjp-chief-feels-sorry-for-his-controversial-comment/article20609679.ece|title=Bihar BJP chief Nityanand Rai feels 'sorry' for his controversial comment|last=Amarnath|first=Tewary|work=The Hindu|date=21 November 2017|access-date=14 February 2018}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Nityanand Rai was born on 1 January 1966. He belongs to Amaat caste.<ref>{{cite web |title=Deputy CM Tejashwi is 'fake Yadav', Nityanand Rai is 'real', says Bihar BJP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/deputy-cm-tejashwi-is-fake-yadav-nityanand-rai-is-real-says-bihar-bjp-122082501452_1.html |website=Business Standard |date=25 August 2022 |access-date=16 April 2025}}</ref>The son of a farmer, Rai has been associated with the Sangh Parivar since 1981, joining the ABVP that year as a student activist.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://topnewswood.com/india/the-rise-and-rise-of-nityanand-rai/ | title=The rise and rise of Nityanand Rai | date=12 October 2020 }}</ref> Rai has done inter-caste marriage.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/bihar/ujiarpur-grapples-with-new-caste-equations-delimitation-changes-constituency-s-constitution-not-its-share-of-problems/cid/180458|title=Ujiarpur grapples with new caste equations - Delimitation changes constituency's constitution, not its share of problems|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=19 April 2023}}</ref> He holds a BA (Honours) degree for [[Bihar University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nityanand Rai(Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)):Constituency- UJIARPUR(BIHAR) - Affidavit Information of Candidate |url=https://www.myneta.info/LokSabha2024/candidate.php?candidate_id=5152 |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=www.myneta.info}}</ref>

==Career==
On 23 May 2019, Rai became Minister of State for [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Home Affairs]].<ref>{{citation |title=PM Modi allocates portfolios. Full list of new ministers |url=https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/pm-modi-allocates-portfolios-full-list-of-new-ministers-1559288502067.html |work=[[Live Mint]] |date=31 May 2019 }}</ref> Rai entered politics from his college [[Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad|ABVP]] unit. He was elected for students union President in his college. Rai in the year of 2000 [[Bihar Assembly Election, 2000|Bihar Assembly election]] got a ticket and won from [[Hajipur]]. He won the seat four times consecutively. In the 2014 general election Rai got the ticket for Parliamentary election from the neighbouring district as his home constituency is reserve seat for SC candidates. He won the election and became a Member of Parliament from Ujiarpur. In the 2015 Bihar Vidhan sabha election BJP has tried to promote him as [[Yadav]]<ref name=":1" /> face to lure declining RJD voters. He has been made BJP Bihar President and after the 2019 election, he was made State Home Minister in the [[Second Modi ministry|Second Modi Ministry]].

==Posts held==
* Member of Bihar legislative Assembly - 2000, Feb. 2005, October 2005 and 2010
* 2014 & 2019 - MP Ujiarpur constituency
*September, 2014- August, 2018- Member of Standing committee on Agriculture
*September, 2018-May 2019- Member of Standing committee on Commerce
* May 2015- Member of Joint committee on Land acquisitions, rehabilitation and Right to get appropriate compensation for relocation and transparency (second amendments) Bill 2015.<ref name="Shri Nityanand Rai {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI">{{cite news |last1=GOVERNMENT OF INDIA |title=Shri Nityanand Rai {{!}} Ministry of Home Affairs {{!}} GoI |url=https://www.mha.gov.in/about-us/meet-the-minister/minister-of-state/ShriNityanandRai |access-date=8 April 2022 |work= |date=2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408130709/https://www.mha.gov.in/about-us/meet-the-minister/minister-of-state/ShriNityanandRai |archive-date=8 April 2022}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[List of politicians from Bihar]]
* [[Third Modi ministry]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Facebook|nityanandraibjp}}

{{Second Narendra Modi Cabinet}}
{{16th LS members from Bihar|state=expanded}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rai, Nityanand}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Hajipur]]
[[Category:India MPs 2014–2019]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Bihar]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Bihar]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:India MPs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2000–2005]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2005–2010]]
[[Category:Bihar MLAs 2010–2015]]
[[Category:India MPs 2024–2029]]

List of Malayalam films of 1990

2026-03-07T04:45:58Z

KobyQ0272234: adjust references based on references and improved wording as per guidelines

{{Short description|None}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2019}}
{{Malayalam films}}

The following is a list of [[Malayalam film]]s released in the year 1990.

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background:#000;"
! colspan="2" | Opening !!Film !! Cast !! Director !! Music director !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''J A N'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 12
|''Avasanathe Rathri''|| [[Vincent (actor)|Vincent]], Bablu, Bhima Raghu, Uma Maheshwari || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || [[Kannur Rajan]] ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 12
|''[[Varthamana Kalam]]''||[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Balachandramenon]], [[Jayaram]]||[[I. V. Sasi]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 19
|''[[Enquiry (film)|Enquiry]]''||[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]]|| U. V. Ravindranath || Rajamani ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 25
|''[[Aye Auto]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]]||[[Venu Nagavally]]||[[Raveendran]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 26
|''[[Crime Branch (film)|Crime Branch]]''||[[Captain Raju]], [[Rohini (actress)|Rohini]], [[Venu Nagavally]]||[[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]||[[M. G. Radhakrishnan]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 26
|''[[Orukkam]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]]||[[K. Madhu]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 28
|''[[Purappadu (1990 film)|Purappadu]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Parvathy Jayaram]], [[Sumalatha]]||[[Jeassy]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;" |'''F E B'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 1
|''[[Chuvanna Kannukal]]''|| Sugandhi, Shyamala || Sasi Mohan ||[[Jerry Amaldev]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 2
|''Sunday 7 PM''|| Nimmi Daniels, [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Silk Smitha]]||[[Shaji Kailas]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 2
|''[[Malootty]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Shamili|Baby Shamili]]||[[Bharathan]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 2
|''[[Akkare Akkare Akkare]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Parvathy Jayaram]]||[[Priyadarshan]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[No.20 Madras Mail]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Mammootty]], [[Jagadish]], [[Maniyanpilla Raju]], [[Suchitra (actress)|Suchitra]]||[[Joshiy]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[Maanmizhiyaal]]''||[[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]|| Krishnaswamy || Murali Sithara ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[Sasneham]]''||[[Balachandra Menon]], [[Shobhana]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]||[[Sathyan Anthikkad]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Naale Ennundengil]]''||[[Sukumaran]], [[Silk Smitha]], [[Captain Raju]]||[[Sajan (director)|Sajan]]||[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]||
|-
| rowspan="10" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A R'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 2
|''[[Urvashi (film)|Urvashi]]''|| P.Sukumar, Abhilasha||[[P. Chandrakumar]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 9
|''Nidrayil Oru Raathri''|| Kapil Dev, [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]|| Asha Khan || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 15
|''[[Kottayam Kunjachan]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Sukumaran]]||[[T. S. Suresh Babu]]||[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[Niyamam Enthucheyyum]]''||[[Shankar (actor)|Shankar]], [[Ratheesh]], [[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]]|| Arun ||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[Commander (1990 film)|Commander]]''||[[Captain Raju]], [[Kuthiravattom Pappu]]||[[Cross Belt Mani]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 16
|''[[Vachanam]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Sithara (actress)|Sithara]]||[[Lenin Rajendran]]||[[Mohan Sithara]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Mridula (film)|Mridula]]''||[[Captain Raju]], [[Karan (actor)|Master Raghu]], Mrudula || Antony Eastman || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Anantha Vruthantham]]''||[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]]||[[P. Anil]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Shesham Screenil]]''||[[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Silk Smitha]], [[Prameela]]||[[P. Venu]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 31
|''[[His Highness Abdullah]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Gautami]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Nedumudi Venu]]||[[Sibi Malayil]]||[[Raveendran]]||
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''A P L'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 5
|''[[Mouna Daaham]]''||[[Harish Kumar (actor)|Harish Kumar]]||[[K. Radhakrishnan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 12
|''[[Midhya]]''||[[Mammooty]], [[Suresh Gopi]], [[Rupini]]||[[I. V. Sasi]]||[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 13
|''[[Mukham]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Nassar (actor)|Nassar]]||[[Mohan (director)|Mohan]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 14
|''[[Kadathanadan Ambadi]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Prem Nazir]], Radhu, [[Swapna (actress)|Swapna]]||[[Priyadarsan]]||[[K. Raghavan]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 20
|''[[Rajavazhcha]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]]||[[J. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 26
|''Brahma Rakshass''||[[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Renuka (actress)|Renuka]]|| Vijayan Karote || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 27
|''[[Aaram Vardil Aabhyanthara Kalaham]]''||[[Vineeth]], [[Priya (actress)|Priya]], [[Thilakan]]|| Murali ||[[A. T. Ummer]]||
|-
| rowspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;" |'''M A Y'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 4
|''[[Innale]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Shobhana]], [[Suresh Gopi]]||[[P. Padmarajan]]||[[Perumbavoor G. Raveendranath]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 4
|''[[Pavam Pavam Rajakumaran]]''||[[Sreenivasan]], [[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]], [[Jagadish]], [[Jayaram]]||[[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 4
|''[[Dr. Pasupathy]]''||[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Mamukkoya]], [[Parvathy Jayaram]]||[[Shaji Kailas]]||[[Johnson (composer)|Johnson]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 18
|''[[Thoovalsparsham]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Mukesh (Malayalam actor)|Mukesh]], [[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]||[[Kamaluddin Mohammed|Kamal]]||[[Ouseppachan]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 18
|''[[Mathilukal (film)|Mathilukal]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Thilakan]]||[[Adoor Gopalakrishnan]]|| Vijay Bhaskar ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 18
|''[[Chuvappu Naada]]''||Abhilasha||[[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]||[[S.P.Venkatesh]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 25
|''[[Veena Meettiya Vilangukal]]''||[[Rahman (actor)|Rahman]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]||[[Cochin Haneefa]]||[[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U N'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 1
|''[[Apsarassu]]''|| Kapil Dev, Jayamadhuri, [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]||[[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 1
|''Noottonnu Raavukal''|| Kapil Dev, [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]]|| Sasi Mohan || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 1
|''[[Thazhvaram]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Salim Ghouse]]||[[Bharathan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 6
|''Sandhyarani Kolacase''|| || || || Dubbed film
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 6
|''Superstar''|| Madanlal, [[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Kalpana (Malayalam actress)|Kalpana]]||[[Vinayan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 6
|''[[Rathilayangal]]''||Abhilasha||Kommineni|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 22
|''[[Samrajyam]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Srividya]], [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]||[[Jomon]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 28
|''Nanma Niranjavan Srinivasan''||[[Jayaram]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]||[[Viji Thampi]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''J U L'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 18
|''[[Aalasyam]]''|| P. Sukumar, [[Poonam Dasgupta]]||[[P. Chandrakumar]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 19
|''[[Pavakkoothu]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Parvathy Jayaram]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]]||K. Sreekkuttan|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 19
|''[[Kalikkalam]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Shobana]], [[Lissy (actress)|Lissy]]||[[Sathyan Anthikkad]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 20
|''[[Kattukuthira]]''||[[Thilakan]], [[Vineeth]], [[Anju (actress)|Anju]]||[[P. G. Viswambharan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 20
|''[[Aadhi Thaalam]]''||[[Jayalalitha (actress)|Jayalalitha]]||Jayadevan|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 27
|''[[Ee Kanni Koodi]]''||[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Aswini]], [[Thilakan]]||[[K. G. George]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 27
|''[[Cheriya Lokavum Valiya Manushyarum]]''||[[Mukesh (Malayalam actor)|Mukesh]], [[Jagathy]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]||[[Chandrasekharan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 27
|''[[Minda Poochakku Kalyanam]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Lizy (actress)|Lizy]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]||[[Alleppey Ashraf]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="11" style="text-align:center; background:#dcc7df; textcolor:#000;" |'''A U G'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 10
|''[[Rosa I Love You]]''||[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Poonam Dasgupta]], Abhilasha||[[P. Chandrakumar]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 10
|''[[Thaalam (film)|Thaalam]]''||Sathar, [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]||T. S. Mohan|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 17
|''[[Paadatha Veenayum Paadum]]''||Uma Maheshwari, [[Karan (actor)|Raghu]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]||[[J. Sasikumar|Sasi Kumar]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 17
|''[[Shankaran Kuttikku Pennu Venam]]''||[[Vijayan (actor)|Vijayan]], [[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]||K. S. Sivachandran|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Arhatha]]''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]], [[Suresh Gopi]]||[[I. V. Sasi]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 23
|''[[Nammude Naadu]]''|| [[Lalu Alex]], [[Madhavan Nair]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]||K. Suku|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 25
|''[[Gajakesariyogam]]''||[[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[K. P. A. C. Lalitha]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]]||[[P.G. Viswambharan]]||||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 31
|''[[Oliyambukal]]''||[[Mammotty]], [[Rekha (Tamil actress)|Rekha]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]||[[Hariharan (director)|Hariharan]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 31
|''[[Shubhayathra]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]]||[[Kamal (director)|Kamal]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 31
|''[[Thalayana Manthram]]''||[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Sreenivasan]], [[Jayaram]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]]||[[Sathyan Anthikkad]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ede3ef; textcolor:#000;" | 31
|''[[Iyer the Great]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Shobana]] ||[[Bhadran (director)|Bhadran]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#d0f0c0; textcolor:#000;" |'''S E P'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 3
|''Indrajaalam''||[[Mohanlal]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Anupam Kher]]||[[Thampi Kannanthanam]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 21
|''[[Vasavadatta (film)|Vasavadatta]]''||[[Poonam Dasgupta]], Bablu, [[Sukumaran]]||[[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]]||[[Raveendran]]||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 27
|''[[Kuttettan]]''||[[Mammootty]], [[Saritha]], [[Maathu]]||[[Joshi]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#edefff; textcolor:#000;" | 28
|''[[Ponnaranjanam]]''|| ||[[Babu Narayanan|P. R. S. Babu]]|| ||
|-
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center; background:#ffa07a; textcolor:#000;" |'''O C T'''
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 4
|''[[Kouthuka Varthakal]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Mukesh (Malayalam actor)|Mukesh]], [[Ranjini (actress)|Ranjini]]||[[Thulasidas]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 5
|''[[Saandhram]]''||[[Suresh Gopi]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]|| Ashokan-Thaha || ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 25
|''[[Kuruppinte Kanakku Pustakom]]''||[[Balachandra Menon]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Jayaram]]||[[Balachandra Menon]]|| ||
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#ffdacc; textcolor:#000;" | 26
|''[[Marupuram]]''||[[Jayaram]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Sukumaran]]||[[Viji Thampi]]|| ||
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! width="25%" | Title !! width="18%" | Director !! width="18%" | Screenplay !! width="30%" | Cast
|-
| ''[[Radha Madhavam]]'' || [[Suresh Unnithan]] ||[[A. K. Lohithadas|A K Lohithadas]]
|[[Thilakan]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Jayaram]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]]
|-
| ''[[Kshanakkathu]]'' ||[[T. K. Rajeev Kumar]]|| ||Niyaz Musaliyar, Parvathy, [[Thilakan]]
|-
| ''[[In Harihar Nagar]]'' || [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Lal (actor)|Lal]] ||[[Siddique-Lal]]
|[[Mukesh (Malayalam actor)|Mukesh]], [[Jagadeesh]], [[Siddique (actor)|Siddique]], [[Ashokan (actor)|Ashokan]], [[Geetha Vijayan]]
|-
| ''[[Champion Thomas]]'' || Rex ||[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]
|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]], [[Sreeja]]
|-
| ''[[Keli Kottu]]'' || T. S. Mohan || ||[[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Shari (actress)|Shari]]
|-
| ''[[Vyooham (1990 film)|Vyooham]]'' || [[Sangeeth Sivan]] || ||[[Raghuvaran]], [[Sukumaran]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]]
|-
| ''[[Ee Thanutha Veluppan Kalathu]]'' || [[Joshiy]] ||[[P. Padmarajan]] || [[Mammootty]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Lakshmi]]
|-
| ''[[Maalayogam]]'' || [[Sibi Malayil]] ||[[A. K. Lohithadas]]
|[[Jayaram]], [[Mukesh (actor)|Mukesh]], [[Parvathy Jayaram|Parvathy]], [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
|-
| ''[[Randam Varavu]]'' || [[K. Madhu]] ||[[John Paul Puthusery|John Paul]]
|[[Jayaram]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]
|-
| ''[[May Dinam]]'' || A. P. Satyan || ||[[Sai Kumar (Malayalam actor)|Sai Kumar]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]. [[Innocent (actor)|Innocent]]
|-
| ''[[Lal Salam (1990 film)|Lal Salam]]'' || [[Venu Nagavally]] ||[[Cheriyan Kalpakavadi|Cherian Kalpakavadi]]||[[Mohanlal]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]], [[Geetha (actress)|Geetha]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]], [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]]
|-
| ''[[Vidhyarambham]]'' || [[Jayaraj]] ||[[Sreenivasan]]
|[[Sreenivasan]], [[Gautami]], [[Nedumudi Venu]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
|-
| ''[[Apoorva Sangamam]]'' || Sasi Mohan || || Sandhya
|-
| ''[[Judgement (1990 film)|Judgement]]'' || [[K. S. Gopalakrishnan]] || ||[[Devan (actor)|Devan]], [[Ravali]]
|-
| ''[[Parampara (1990 film)|Parampara]]'' || [[Sibi Malayil]] ||[[S. N. Swamy]]
|[[Mammootty]], [[Sumalatha]], [[Suresh Gopi]]
|-
| ''[[Unnikuttanu Joli Kitti]]'' || || ||
|-
| ''[[Kanninilavu]]'' || || ||
|-
| ''[[Sthreekku Vendi Sthree]]'' || || ||
|-
| ''[[Avalkkoru Janmam Koodi]]'' || || ||
|-
| ''[[Ammayude Swantham Kunju Mary]]'' || || ||
|}

==Dubbed films==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; font-size:95%;"
|-
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Opening
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Title
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Director(s)
! scope="col" colspan="2"| Original film
! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Cast
! scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable"| {{tooltip|Ref.|References}}
|-
! scope="col" | Film
! scope="col" | Language
|-
| || ''[[Sabarimala Sree Ayyappan]]'' || [[Renuka Sharma]] || || Kannada || ||
|-
| 23 February ||''[[Geethanjali (1989 film)|Geethanjali]]'' || [[Mani Ratnam]] || Geethanjali || Telugu || [[Nagarjuna (actor)|Nagarjuna]], [[Girija Shettar|Girija]] ||
|-
|}

==References==
{{No footnotes|date=February 2011}}
*{{cite web|title=Kerala Government Public Relations Department |url=http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/art/list.htm |access-date=24 February 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050828202957/http://www.prd.kerala.gov.in/prd2/art/list.htm |archive-date=28 August 2005 |url-status=dead }}
*{{cite web | title=Cinema of Malayalam | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050426081118/http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net/ | archive-date=26 April 2005 | url=http://www.cinemaofmalayalam.net | access-date=18 September 2019 }}
*{{cite web | title=Official Site of Association of Malayalam Movie Artists | url=http://malayalamcinema.com | access-date=24 February 2011 }}

{{Malayalam films|horiz}}
{{Indian film list}}
{{1990 films}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Malayalam Films Of 1990}}
[[Category:1990 Malayalam-language films| 1990]]
[[Category:Lists of Malayalam films by year|1990]]
[[Category:Lists of 1990 films by language|Malayalam]]
[[Category:1990 in Indian cinema]]

Gimmick (film)

2026-03-03T21:24:14Z

KobyQ0272234: adding initial info w/ infobox.

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{short description|2019 horror-comedy film directed by Naganna}}
{{EngvarB|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gimmick
| image = Gimmick Film Poster.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster

| director = [[Naganna]]
| producer = Deepak Samidurai
| story =
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] Ronica Singh [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] [[Ravishankar Gowda]] [[Shobaraj (actor)|Shobaraj]] [[Mandya Ramesh]]
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Vignesh Vasu
| editing = [[Suresh Urs]]
| studio = Samy Pictures
| distributor = Jayanna Films
| released = {{film date|2019|8|15|df=yes}}
| runtime = 153 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}
'''''Gimmick''''' is a 2019 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[comedy horror]] film, directed by [[Naganna]] and produced by Deepak Samidurai under the banner of Samy Pictures. The film starring [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], Ronica Singh, [[Chi. Guru Dutt]], [[Shobaraj (actor)|Shobaraj]], [[Ravishankar Gowda]] and [[Sundar Raj]] is a remake of 2016 Tamil film ''[[Dhilluku Dhuddu]]''. The film marks Ronica Singh's debut in the Kannada film industry.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/aug/17/gimmick-movie-review-horror-tricks-with-comical-twists-2020030.html|title='Gimmick' movie review: Horror tricks with comical twists|first=A|last=Sharadhaa|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=17 August 2019|access-date=17 August 2019}}</ref> The film was released theatrically on 15 August 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/gimmick/movie-review/70688927.cms|title=Gimmick Movie Review|website=Times of India|date=15 August 2019|access-date=15 August 2019}}</ref>

The story of the film follows a happy-go-lucky poor guy Gani
(Played by Ganesh) and wrestler Raani
(played by Ronica Singh), daughter of a rich father, who tries to separate them.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Gani
* Ronica Singh as Raani
* [[Chi. Guru Dutt]] as Shet, Raani's father
* [[Ravishankar Gowda]] as Pratao
* [[Shobaraj (actor)|Shobaraj]]
* [[Mandya Ramesh]] as Manic
* [[Sundar Raj]] as Pulti Sundar Raj
* [[Vijay Chendoor]]
}}

== Production ==
[[Naganna]], the director of the film began the horror comedy with [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], which was filmed at a house in [[Sri Lanka]], [[Mysuru]] and [[Bengaluru]]. ''Gimmick'' cast included Ravi Shankar Gowda, Sadhu Kokila, Shobhraj and Sundar Raj in supporting roles. The film was bankrolled by Deepak Sami under his banner Sami Pictures. The film marked Ronica Singh's debut in the Kannada film industry. The filming was wrapped in January.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/ganesh-begin-new-year-horror-comedy-flick-gimmick-94642|title=Ganesh to begin new year with horror comedy flick 'Gimmick|website=The News Minute|date=7 January 2019}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Gimmick
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Arjun Janya]]
| language = Kannada
| released = 27 May 2019
| length = 11:29
| genre = Soundtrack
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| prev_title = [[Amar (2019 film)|Amar]]
| prev_year = 2019
| next_title = [[Pailwaan]]
| next_year = 2019
| misc =
{{External media
| audio1 = {{YouTube|8t4E6nnl1Ec|Audio song}}}}
}}
The soundtrack of the film is composed by [[Arjun Janya]] and lyrics by [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]].
{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| headline=Track list
| total_length = 11:29
| all_lyrics = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| title1 = Hudugi Hudugi
| extra1 = Vyasraj, Manasa Holla, Sunil Gujagonda, Chandan Gupta
| length1 = 3:11
| title2 = Lachmi Lachmi
| extra2 = [[Sanjith Hegde]], Impana Jayaraj
| length2 = 3:35
| title3 = Shankari Banashankari
| extra3 = Vyasraj Sosale and Chorus
| length3 = 4:43
}}

== Marketing and release ==
The official trailer of the film was unveiled on 18 May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=Dv0Bj_OO8RE|title=Gimmick – Kannada New 2K Trailer – Ganesh – Ronica Singh – Arjun Janya – Naganna – Samy Pictures|publisher=Anand Audio|website=YouTube|date=18 May 2019}}</ref> The official sneak peek of the film was unveiled on 25 May 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youtube.com/watch?v=uBemu7MA52I|title=GIMMICK – Sneak Peek – HD Video – Ganesh – Ronica Singh – Arjun Janya – Naganna – Samy Pictures|publisher=Anand Audio|website=YouTube|date=25 May 2019}}</ref>

The film was theatrically released on 15 August 2019.

==Reception==
===Critical response===
A Sharadhaa of ''The New Indian Express'' opined that music director Ajrun Janya's compositions suited the mood of the film. Praising the cinematography by Vignesh Vasu, Sharadhaa concluded, "In company of ghosts, the horror film with comical twists makes for a one-time-watch."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2019/aug/17/gimmick-movie-review-horror-tricks-with-comical-twists-2020030.html|title='Gimmick' movie review: Horror tricks with comical twists|website=The New Indian Express|date=17 August 2019 }}</ref> Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave three stars out of five and noted that the story took time to come up, but after that there were 'edge-of-the-seat moments' till the end. Lokesh concluded, "The actor excels in his role in this horror-comedy. If you have not watched the original, Gimmick is sure to entertain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/gimmick/movie-review/70688927.cms|title=Gimmick Movie Review {3.0/5}: Critic Review of Gimmick by Times of India|work=The Times of India |via=timesofindia.indiatimes.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|tt10800932}}

[[Category:2019 films]]
[[Category:Kannada remakes of Tamil films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy horror films]]
[[Category:2019 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2019 Indian films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Films shot in Mysore]]
[[Category:Films shot in Sri Lanka]]
[[Category:Films directed by Naganna]]

Pakkathu Veettu Roja

2026-03-03T05:17:57Z

KobyQ0272234: started new post

{{More citations needed|date=October 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| image = Pakkathu Veettu Roja.jpg
| caption = Title card
| director = [[M. Bhaskar]]
| writer = Panasai Maniam
| producer = Kalaignanam
| starring = [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
| cinematography = C. S. Ravibabu
| editing = M. Vellaichamy
| music = [[Shankar–Ganesh]]
| studio = Bhairavi Films
| released = {{Film date|1982|09|02|df=y}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}

'''''Pakkathu Veettu Roja''''' ({{translation|The rose next door}}) is a 1982 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[M. Bhaskar]], starring [[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]] and [[Radha (actress)|Radha]]. The film was released on 2 September 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ரிஷி |date=12 August 2020 |title=கரோனா கால சினிமா 4 - பக்கத்து வீட்டு ரோஜா: இது ஒரு ‘நகை’ச்சுவைப் படம் |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/569469-corona-cinema.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201842/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/569469-corona-cinema.html |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-21 |website=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakathu Veettu Roja ( 1982 ) |url=http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=582 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040313195042/http://www.cinesouth.com/cgi-bin/filmography/allCast.cgi?id=582 |archive-date=13 March 2004 |access-date=15 September 2022 |website=Cinesouth}}</ref>

== Plot ==
{{No plot|date=June 2021}}

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Karthik (actor)|Karthik]]
*[[Radha (actress)|Radha]]
*[[Goundamani]]
*[[Senthil]]
*Krishna Rao
*[[Janagaraj]]
*[[S. S. Chandran]]
*Shawnawaz
*[[Thyagu (actor)|Thyagu]]
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
*Nazreen
*[[Rani Padmini (actress)|Rani Padmini]]
*Sathisri
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Shankar–Ganesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakkathu Veettu Roja (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) – EP |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/pakkathu-veettu-roja-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/854487241 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915043008/https://music.apple.com/us/album/pakkathu-veettu-roja-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/854487241 |archive-date=15 September 2022 |access-date=2019-06-06 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pakkathu Veettu Roja Tamil Film EP VInyl Record by Shankar Ganesh |url=https://mossymart.com/product/pakkathu-veettu-roja-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204337/https://mossymart.com/product/pakkathu-veettu-roja-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-shankar-ganesh/ |archive-date=24 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-21 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| lyrics_width = Lyrics
| title1 = Vaadi Sevatha
| note1 =
| lyrics1 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| music1 =
| extra1 = [[Malaysia Vasudevan]]
| length1 =
| title2 = Osibisa Osai Ethu
| note2 =
| lyrics2 = [[Vaali_(poet)]]
| music2 =
| extra2 = [[Vani Jairam]]
| length2 =
| title3 = Idhu Enna
| note3 =
| lyrics3 = [[Vaali_(poet)]]
| music3 =
| extra3 = Vani Jairam
| length3 =
| title4 = Entha Kangal
| note4 =
| lyrics4 = [[Pulamaipithan]]
| music4 =
| extra4 = [[P. Jayachandran]]
| length4 =
| title5 = Thanni Illana
| note5 =
| lyrics5 =
| music5 =
| extra5 = Malaysia Vasudevan
| length5 =
}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title}}

{{M. Bhaskar}}

[[Category:1982 Indian films]]
[[Category:1982 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1982 comedy films]]
[[Category:1982 films]]
[[Category:Films directed by M. Bhaskar]]
[[Category:Films scored by Shankar–Ganesh]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Arya Surya

2026-03-03T02:55:45Z

KobyQ0272234: brief adjust citations after review also and corrected details

{{Short description|2013 Indian film by Rama Narayanan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Arya Surya
| image = Arya Surya.jpg
| caption = Poster
| native_name =
| director = [[Rama Narayanan]]
| producer = Rama Narayanan
| writer = Rama Narayanan
| screenplay =
| based_on =
| starring = [[Srinivasan (actor)|Srinivasan]] [[Vishnupriyan]]
| music = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cinematography = R. Selvaraj
| editing = Rajkeerthi
| studio = [[Sri Thenandal Films]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2013|09|20}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Arya Surya''''' is a 2013 Indian [[Tamil-language|Tamil]] [[comedy]] film directed by [[Rama Narayanan]]. The film stars [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] and [[Vishnupriyan]] while [[Nakshatra (actress)|Nakshatra]], [[Kovai Sarala]] and [[Gangai Amaren]] play supportive roles.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
*[[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]] as Aryananda alias Arya
*[[Vishnupriyan]] as Suryananda alias Surya
*[[Nakshatra (actress)|Nakshatra]] as Chandragaandha
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Chandralekha
*[[Gangai Amaren]] as Kamalasekaran
*[[Ganeshkar]]
*[[Chitra Lakshmanan]]
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]]
*[[Nalini (actress)|Nalini]] as Sivagami
*[[Kovai Senthil]]
;Special appearances in the song "Thagadu Thagadu"
*[[T. Rajendar]] as himself<ref name="T. Rajendar">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2017 |title=Arya Surya shoot wrapped up |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arya-Surya-shoot-wrapped-up/articleshow/20926608.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901045456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/Arya-Surya-shoot-wrapped-up/articleshow/20926608.cms |archive-date=1 September 2018 |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref>
*[[Mumaith Khan]] as an [[item number]]<ref name="T. Rajendar" />
}}

== Soundtrack ==
{{Infobox album
| name = Arya Surya
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2013
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Film soundtrack|Feature film soundtrack]]
| length = 27:35
| label =
| producer = [[Srikanth Deva]]
| prev_title = [[Thulli Vilayadu]]
| prev_year = 2013
| next_title = [[6 (film)|6]]
| next_year = 2013
}}
The music was composed by [[Srikanth Deva]].<ref name="T. Rajendar" /> T. Rajendar sang the song "Thagadu, Thagadu", in which he makes a cameo appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=S. R. Ashok |date=31 August 2013 |title=Audio beat: Arya Surya - Songs to lighten the mood |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-arya-surya-songs-to-lighten-the-mood/article5079212.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616030034/https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-arya-surya-songs-to-lighten-the-mood/article5079212.ece |archive-date=16 June 2021 |access-date=2 June 2020 |website=The Hindu}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 27:35
| title1= Thagadu Thagadu
| extra1 = [[L. R. Easwari]], [[T. Rajendar]]
| lyrics1 = Karunanidhi
| length1 =5:33
| title2 = Vadapochae
| extra2 = [[Srinivasan (Tamil actor)|Srinivasan]], [[Velmurugan]]
| lyrics2 = [[Viveka (lyricist)|Viveka]]
| length2 = 4:36
| title3 = Star Star
| extra3 = [[Srikanth Deva]], Hemambika
| lyrics3 = [[Piraisoodan]]
| length3 = 4:10
| title4 = Mama
| extra4 = [[Senthildass Velayutham|Senthil Dass]], Bellie Raj, Hemambika, [[Surmukhi Raman]]
| lyrics4 = Viveka
| length4 = 4:35
| title5 = Sandhegam
| extra5 = [[Gana Bala]]
| lyrics5 = Gana Bala
| length5 = 1:08
| title6 = Kala Kala
| extra6 = Gaana Dass, V. M. Mahalingam
| lyrics6 = Gaana Dass
| length6 = 2:36
| title7 = Asaaru Vusaaru
| extra7 = Gaana Dass
| lyrics7 = Gaana Dass
| length7 = 4:57
}}

== Critical reception ==
''[[The Times of India]]'' rated the film one out of five stars saying that "The film feels like a bunch of arbitrary scenes strung together with a slender plot that is just an excuse to show us the antics of Power Star Srinivasan."<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2016 |title=Aarya Surya Movie Review |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aarya-surya/movie-review/22452006.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710191113/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movie-reviews/aarya-surya/movie-review/22452006.cms |archive-date=10 July 2021 |access-date=3 June 2019 |website=Times of India}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{IMDb title|tt8919136}}
{{Rama Narayanan}}

[[Category:2013 films]]
[[Category:2013 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:2013 Indian films]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Srikanth Deva]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rama Narayanan]]
[[Category:2013 comedy films]]

Nandi Award for Best Female Playback Singer

2026-02-22T15:05:30Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Short description|Indian film award}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2019}}

The [[Nandi Award]] for Best Female Playback Singer was awarded from 1977 to 2016 by the [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=3 April 2024}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref> Below is the list of the award recipients.

==Winners==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year || Singer || Film || Song
|-
| 1977 ||[[P. Susheela]] || ''[[Daana Veera Soora Karna]]'' || "Ye Thalli Ninu Kannado"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/andhrapatrikamag19781229/page/n33/mode/2up?q=వీర | title=Andhra Patrika ఆంధ్ర పత్రిక Volume 72 Issue 16 | date=29 December 1978}}</ref>
|-
| 1978 ||[[P. Susheela]] || ''[[Naalaaga Endaro]]'' ||
|-
| 1979 ||[[Vani Jairam]] || ''[[Sankarabharanam (1980 film)|Sankarabharanam]]'' ||
|-
| 1980 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''Sri Vasavi Kanyaka Parameswari Mahatyam''|| "Parasakthi Mahasakthi"
|-
| 1981 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''[[Saptapadi (1981 film)|Saptapadi]]'' || "Govullu Tellana"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA10111982/mode/2up?q=తెల్లన | title=ANDHRAPATRIKA Volume no 69 issue no 217 | date=10 November 1982}}</ref>
|-
| 1982 || [[P. Susheela]] || ''[[Meghasandesam]]'' || "Aakulo Aakunai"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA24031983/mode/2up?q=మేఘసందేశం | title=ANDHRAPATRIKA Volume no 69 issue no 348 | date=24 March 1983}}</ref>
|-
| 1983 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''[[Sagara Sangamam]]'' || "Om Namah Shivaaya"
|-
| 1984 || [[P. Susheela]] || ''Sangeetha Samrat'' || "Yentha Sogasugaade"
|-
| 1985 ||[[S. Janaki]] || ''[[Pratighatana]]'' || "Ee Duryodhana Dushasana"
|-
| 1986 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''Aruna Kiranam'' || "Dhanvantari Varasulam"
|-
| 1987 ||[[P. Susheela]] || ''[[Viswanatha Nayakudu]]'' || "Kavijana Samaja Bhoja"
|-
| 1988 || [[S. Janaki]]|| ''[[Janaki Ramudu]]'' || "Nee Charana Kamalam"
|-
| 1989 || [[P. Susheela]] || ''Godavari Pongindi'' || "Eppatla Godavari"
|-
| 1990 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Seetharamayya Gari Manavaralu]]''|| "Kaliki Chilakala Koliki"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/ANDHRAPATRIKA20031991/mode/2up?q=మనవరాలు | title=ANDHRAPATRIKA Volume no 77 issue no 348 | date=20 March 1991}}</ref>
|-
| 1991 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''Manjeera Naadam''|| "Pacchi Yodalidana"
|-
| 1992 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Rajeswari Kalyanam]]'' ||
|-
| 1993 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Mathru Devo Bhava]]'' || "Venuvai Vacchanu"
|-
| 1994 ||[[S. Janaki]] || ''[[Bhairava Dweepam]]''|| "Naruda O Naruda"
|-
| 1995 ||[[S. P. Sailaja]] || ''[[Subha Sankalpam]]'' || "Seethamma Andalu"
|-
| 1996 || [[K. S. Chithra]] ||''[[Maavichiguru]]''|| "Maata Ivvamma Chelli"
|-
| 1997 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''Thodu'' || "Nadila Pravahinchede"
|-
| 1997 || [[K S Chithra]] || ''[[Bombay Priyudu]]'' || "Pranayama"
|-
| 1998 ||[[S. Janaki]] ||''[[Anthahpuram]]''|| "Sooreedu Puvva"
|-
| 1999 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Swayamvaram (1999 film)|Swayamvaram]]'' || "Marala Thelupana"
|-
| 2000 || [[S. Janaki]] || ''Sri Sai Mahima'' || "Enthenta Daya Needi"
|-
| 2001 || [[Singer Usha|Usha]]|| ''[[Padma]]'' || "Kallu Theravani"
|-
| 2002 || [[Singer Usha|Usha]] || ''[[Nee Sneham]]'' || "Chinuku Tadiki"
|-
| 2003 || [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]] || ''[[Athade Oka Sainyam]]'' || "Naa Paata"
|-
| 2004 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Varsham (2004 film)|Varsham]]'' || "Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana"
|-
| 2005 || Nitya Santoshini || ''[[Moguds Pellams]]'' || "Ninne Daachanu"
|-
| 2006 || [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]] || ''[[Godavari (2006 film)|Godavari]]'' || "Andanga Lena"
|-
| 2007 || [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]] || ''[[Satyabhama (2007 film)|Satyabhama]]'' || "Gundelona Nuvve"
|-
| 2008 || [[Geetha Madhuri]] || ''[[Nachavule]]'' || "Ninne Ninne"
|-
|2009<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2009 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2009.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[K. S. Chithra]] ||''[[Kalavaramaye Madilo]]'' || "Pallavinchani"
|-
|2010<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2010 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2010.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref>|| Pranavi || ''[[Sneha Geetham]]'' || "Sarigamapadani"
|-
|2011<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2011 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2011.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]] || ''[[Rajanna]]'' || "Amma Avani"
|-
|2012<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2012 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2012.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[Geetha Madhuri]] || ''Good Morning'' || "Yedalo Nadilaga"
|-
|2013<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2013 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2013.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[Kalpana Raghavendar]] || ''Intinta Annamayya'' || "Nava Moorthulainatti"
|-
|2014<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2014 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2014.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Mukunda]]'' || "Gopikamma"
|-
|2015<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2015 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2015.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] || ''[[Malli Malli Idi Rani Roju]]'' || "Yenno Yenno"
|-
|2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi Film Awards G.O and Results 2016 |url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-film-awards-2016.html |website=Andhra Pradesh State Film, Television & Theatre Development Corporation}}</ref> || [[Chinmayi Sripada|Chinmayi]] || ''[[Kalyana Vaibhogame]]'' || "Manasantha Meghamai"
|}

==Nandi TV Awards==

The Nandi TV Award<ref>{{Cite web| title=Nandi TV Awards G.O and Results 1997|url=https://apsftvtdc.in/nandi-tv-awards.html|access-date=15 September 2019 |website=APSFTVTDC}}</ref> for Best Female Playback Singer in a Telugu television serial was also awarded every year until 2016.

{| class="wikitable sortable" border="0"
|- bgcolor="#d1e4fd"
! Year || Singer || Serial || Song
|-
| 2016|| Chaithra || ''Sita Mahalakshmi'' ([[Star Maa]]) ||
|-
| 2015|| Pranavi || ''Geethanjali'' ||
|-
| 2014|| [[Ramya Behara]] || ''Atharintiki Daredi'' ||
|-
| 2013|| Anjana Sowmya || ''Pellinati Pramanalu'' ||
|-
| 2012|| Pranavi || ''Manasu Mamata'' ||
|-
| 2011 || Naga Sahithi || ''Muddu Bidda'' (Zee TV) ||
|-
| 2010 || [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]] || ''Anthahpuram'' ||
|-
| 2009|| [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]] || ''Aadade Adharam'' ||
|-
| 2008|| Pranavi || ''Turupu Velle Railu'' || "Monna Eduru Chusa"
|-
| 2007|| Nitya Santoshini || ''Jabili'' || "Ashala Pandiri Needalo"
|-
| 2006|| [[Singer Usha|Usha]] || ''Bommarillu'' ||
|-
| 2005|| [[Malavika (singer)|Malavika]] || ''Melukolupu'' || "Kottaga Sari Kottaga"
|-
| 2004|| V. Sasikala Swamy || ''Kalyani ([[Doordarshan]])'' || "Rammanna Radu Pommanna Podu"
|-
| 2003|| [[Gopika Poornima]] || ''Priyanka'' || "Amma Antu Amme dantu"
|-
| 2002|| [[Kousalya (singer)|Kousalya]] || ''Endamavulu'' ||
|-
| 2001|| Nitya Santoshini || ''Aadadi'' ||
|-
| 2000|| [[S. Janaki]] || ''Anubandham'' || "Idi deepalu velige"
|-
| 1999 || [[K. S. Chithra]] || ''[[Anveshitha]]'' || "Kshana Kshanam"
|-
| 1998 || [[Sunitha Upadrashta|Sunitha]] || ''Antarangalu'' ||
|-
| 1997 || Saritha || ''Bala Bharathi'' ||
|-
|1996 || [[S. P. Sailaja]]||''Damn It Katha Addam Thirigindhi''
|-
|}

=== Most won ===

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Winners with most wins
|-
! Artist
! Wins
|-
| [[S. Janaki]]
|{{won|11}}
|-
| [[K. S. Chithra]]
|{{won|11}}
|-
| [[P. Susheela]]
|{{won|6}}
|}

==See also==

* [[List of music awards honoring women]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nandi Award For Best Female Playback Singer}}
[[Category:Nandi Awards|Female Playback Singer]]
[[Category:Music awards honoring women]]

Samastipur Junction railway station

2026-02-22T11:22:17Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Short description|Railway station in Samastipur, Bihar, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox station
| name = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|50px]] {{font color|blue|SAMASTIPUR JUNCTION}}
| type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|25px]] [[Indian Railways]] station
| style = Indian Railways
| image = Samastipur_Junction_Front.jpg
| image_caption = Samastipur Junction Main Gate
| address = [[Samastipur]], [[Bihar]]
| country = {{flagu|India}}
| coordinates = {{Coord|25.859983|N|85.786351|E|display=inline}}
| elevation = {{convert|46.54|m|ft}}
| line = {{Plainlist|
* [[Barauni–Gorakhpur line]]
* [[Barauni–Raxaul and Jainagar Lines]]
* [[Samastipur–Khagaria Loop Line]]
* [[Barauni–Samastipur section]]
* [[Samastipur–Muzaffarpur section]]
}}
| other =
| structure = Standard (on-ground station)
| platform = 7
| tracks = 15
| entrances =
| parking = Available {{rint|park}}
| accessible = Yes {{rint|wheelchair}}
| opened = 1875
| closed =
| rebuilt =
| electrified = 2014<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-11899365.html |title=सपना साकार, अब फर्राटे भरेगी विद्युत ट्रेन 11899365 |access-date=14 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121031604/http://www.jagran.com/bihar/muzaffarpur-11899365.html |archive-date=21 January 2015 }}</ref>
| code = {{Indian railway code
| code = SPJ
| zone = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]]
| division = {{rwd|Samastipur}}
}}
| owned = [[Indian Railways]]
| operator = [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railways]]
| status = Functioning
| former =
| passengers = 3 lakh per day
| pass_year =
| pass_percent =
| pass_system =
| map_type = India Bihar#India
| map_dot_label = Samastipur Junction
| map_caption = Location in [[Bihar]]##Location in India
| mapframe = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive map
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
}}
'''Samastipur Junction (station code: SPJ)''' is a major railway station in Bihar, India, under the East Central Railway zone (ECR). It is one of the busiest junctions in North Bihar and serves as the headquarters of the Samastipur railway division. The station is strategically located and acts as a gateway to the Mithila region and parts of North Bihar..<ref>{{cite web | url=http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/samastipur-junction-spj/559 | title=SPJ/Samastipur Junction (9) | publisher=India Rail Info | access-date=12 March 2014 | url-status=live | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012224604/http://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/samastipur-junction-spj/559 | archive-date=12 October 2013 | df=dmy-all }}</ref>

== Railway lines ==
Samastipur Junction is a major railway junction where several broad-gauge lines converge. The routes branching from the station are as follows:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
! Line !! Route !! Major destinations
|-
| Barauni–Gorakhpur line || Samastipur → Hajipur → Chhapra → Siwan → Gorakhpur || Hajipur, Chhapra, Siwan, Gorakhpur
|-
| Samastipur–Darbhanga line || Samastipur → Darbhanga → Jaynagar / Nirmali || Darbhanga, Madhubani, Jaynagar
|-
| Samastipur–Muzaffarpur–Raxaul line || Samastipur → Muzaffarpur → Motihari → Raxaul || Muzaffarpur, Motihari, Raxaul (Nepal border)
|-
| Samastipur–Khagaria–Munger–Bhagalpur line || Samastipur → Khagaria → Munger → Bhagalpur → Sahibganj || Khagaria, Munger, Bhagalpur, Sahibganj, Howrah
|-
| Samastipur–Sitamarhi line || Samastipur → Janakpur Road → Sitamarhi → Raxaul || Sitamarhi, Raxaul
|-
| Samastipur–Patna line || Samastipur → Dalsinghsarai → Hajipur → Patna || Dalsinghsarai, Hajipur, Patna
|-
| Samastipur–Katihar line || Samastipur → Saharsa → Purnia → Katihar → Guwahati || Saharsa, Purnia, Katihar, Northeast India
|}

== Facilities ==
The major facilities available are waiting rooms, a retiring room, computerised reservation facility, a reservation counter and vehicle parking etc.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Patliputra-station-to-be-functional-by-month-end/articleshow/20548073.cms | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615054211/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-06-12/patna/39924147_1_passenger-trains-patliputra-railways | url-status=live | archive-date=15 June 2013 | title=Patliputra station to be functional by month-end | work=[[The Times of India]] | date=12 June 2013 | access-date=24 July 2013 | author=Kumod Verma}} {{failed verification|date=March 2014}}</ref><ref name=computerized_list>{{cite web|title=List of Locations (Irrespective Of States) Where Computerized Reservation Facilities Are Available|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html|publisher=[[Indian Railways]]|access-date=18 April 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703033000/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/location_Alphabetically.html|archive-date=3 July 2013}}</ref> The vehicles are allowed to enter the station premises. There are refreshment rooms with vegetarian and non-vegetarian food items, a tea stall, book stall, post and telegraphic office and [[Government Railway Police]] (G.R.P.) office. Automatic ticket vending machines have been installed to reduce the queue for train tickets at the station.<ref name=toi_model>{{cite news|title=8 more stations to be made models |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/8-more-stations-to-be-made-models/articleshow/9606303.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103084612/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2002-05-12/patna/27114696_1_terminal-station-passengers-amenities-year-danapur|url-status=live|archive-date=3 January 2013|work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=6 March 2014}} {{failed verification|date=March 2014}}</ref> The station is also equipped with free [[Wi-Fi]]. The station also has recently been equipped with [[Elevator|lifts]] at both ends of the station.

===Platforms===
There are seven platforms at Samastipur Junction. The platforms are interconnected with two [[foot overbridge]]s (FOB). Platform 3,4 and 5 are the busiest platforms and are mostly used for long-haul trains.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category-inline}}

{{Railway stations in Bihar}}

[[Category:Railway stations in India opened in 1875]]
[[Category:Railway stations in Samastipur district]]
[[Category:Railway junction stations in Bihar]]
[[Category:Samastipur railway division]]
[[Category:Transport in Samastipur]]

Jaanata Raja

2026-02-18T13:30:50Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox song
| name = Jaanata Raja
| cover = Jaanata Raja.jpg
| caption = Official song cover
| type = song
| artist = [[Adarsh Shinde]], Aaboli Girhe
| album = [[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]
| language = [[Marathi language|Marathi]]
| released = {{Start date|df=yes|2021|11|11}}
| studio = Audio Art, [[Thane]]
| genre = [[Soundtrack]]
| length = {{Duration|m=2|s=50}}
| label = [[Zee Music Company]]
| composer = [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
| lyricist = Sameer Samant
| producer = [[Zee Studios]]
| tracks = # "[[Bhurum Bhurum]]"
# "Kelewadi"
# "Dada Parat Ya Na"
# "Badluck Kharab Hay"
# "'''Jaanata Raja'''"
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|gvpS1JPPxKY|Jaanata Raja}}|type=song}}
}}

"'''Jaanata Raja'''" ({{Translation|Enlightened king}}) is a 2021 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language song by [[Adarsh Shinde]], and Aaboli Girhe. It is composed by [[Avadhoot Gupte]] and written by Sameer Samant for the soundtrack album of the [[comedy drama]] film ''[[Pandu (film)|Pandu]]'', features [[Bhalchandra Kadam|Bhau Kadam]], [[Kushal Badrike]], [[Pravin Tarde]], [[Prajakta Mali]], and [[Sonalee Kulkarni]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-12 |title='पांडू' सिनेमातील 'जाणता राजा' गाणं प्रेक्षकांच्या भेटीला, प्रविण तरडे साकारणार राजकीय नेत्याची भूमिका |url=https://marathi.abplive.com/entertainment/bollywood/pravin-tarde-will-play-the-role-of-a-political-leader-in-the-movie-pandu-1012448 |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[ABP Majha]] |language=mr}}</ref>

== Background and release ==
The song tells the story of Shivaji's significance, [[Pravin Tarde]] portrays a political figure who holds Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in high regard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=नवा चित्रपट:'पांडू'मध्ये दिसणार प्रविण तरडेंचा करारी बाणा, पहिलं गाणं 'जाणता राजा' गाणं रसिकांच्या भेटीला |url=https://divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/entertainment/marathi-cinema/news/pravin-tardes-new-look-in-marathi-film-pandu-first-song-janta-raja-release-129107286.html |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[Divya Marathi]]}}</ref>

"Jaanata Raja" was released on 11 November 2021 on all [[digital audio]] platforms.<ref>{{Citation |last=Hungama |title=Jaanata Raja (From 'Pandu') |url=https://www.hungama.com/song/jaanata-raja-from-pandu/77883485/ |access-date=2024-03-18 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

== Credits ==
Credits adapted from [[YouTube]].<ref name=":0">{{Citation |title=Jaanata Raja {{!}} Pandu {{!}} Pravin Tarade & Prajakta Mali {{!}} Aadarsh Shinde, Aaboli Girhe {{!}} Avadhoot Gupte | date=10 November 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gvpS1JPPxKY |access-date=2024-03-18 |language=en}}</ref>
*Singers – [[Adarsh Shinde]] and Aaboli Girhe
*Music – [[Avadhoot Gupte]]
**Assistant Music Composer – Nitin Dhole
*Lyricist – Sameer Samant
*Arrangers/Programmers – Kamalesh Bhadkamkar
*Live Rhythm – Prabhakar Mosamkar /Aadesh More /Manish Thumbare
*Trumpet – Walter Dias
*Chorus – Vivek Naik & Group
*Recording Studio – Audio Art, Thane
**Recorded by Ganesh Pokale
*Mixed And Mastered By Vijay Dayal
*Choreographers – Ganesh Raut & Saurabh Shelar

== Accolades ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Recipient (s) and Nominee (s)
!Result
!{{Reference column heading|multi=yes}}
|-
|2021
|[[Filmfare Awards Marathi]]
|[[Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Marathi|Best Male Playback Singer]]
|[[Adarsh Shinde]]
|{{Nom}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmfare Awards Marathi 2021 Nominations |url=https://www.filmfare.com/awards/filmfare-awards-marathi-2021/nominations |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=[[Filmfare]] |language=en}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |2022–2023
| rowspan="3" |Radio City Cine Awards
|Best Music Director
|[[Avadhoot Gupte]]
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Cine Awards Winners 2022-2023 {{!}} Radio City |url=https://stageorigin.radiocity.in/ccamarathi |access-date=2024-03-18 |website=Radiocity}}</ref>
|-
|Best Singer Male
|[[Adarsh Shinde]]
|{{Won}}
|-
|Best Lyricist
|Sameer Samant
|{{Nom}}
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/jaanata-raja/NgZZWTxmcUA?autoplay=enabled JioSaavn]
* [https://music.apple.com/us/album/jaanata-raja-from-pandu-single/1594803045 ITunes]
* [https://www.hungama.com/album/jaanata-raja-from-quot-pandu-quot/77883484/ Hungama Music]
* [https://music.amazon.in/albums/B09LM13GFN Amazon Prime Music]
* [https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=xyoohKi0Ik8 YouTube Music]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 songs]]
[[Category:2020s music videos]]
[[Category:Indian songs]]
[[Category:Adarsh Shinde songs]]
[[Category:Songs in Marathi]]
[[Category:Songs with music by Avadhoot Gupte]]
[[Category:Songs written for Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:Cultural depictions of Shivaji]]

2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape case

2026-02-18T07:33:37Z

KobyQ0272234: new...

{{short description|Rape of a nun in Odisha}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}}
The '''2008 Kandhamal nun gang rape''' case refers to the gang-rape of a {{nowrap|28-year-old}} [[nun]] during the [[2008 Kandhamal violence]]. The incident received media attention during the riots.

The violence broke out between [[Hindu nationalists]] and Christians after the murder of a Hindu monk and four disciples. During the violence in [[Kandhamal district]], a Catholic nun who worked with the [[Scheduled tribe|tribal]]s was taken away, along with a priest from the house where she took shelter, by a mob shouting "[[Bharat mata ki jai|Bharat Mata Ki Jai]].{{cn|date=August 2024}} The mob took her to another place where she was raped till another mob came and paraded her half-naked through the roads, beat her, and attempted to strip her completely naked along the way to a market place, where onlooking police did not intervene.{{cn|date=August 2024}} The priest was doused with kerosene and an attempt made to burn him alive. Later the nun and priest were taken into police custody.

The nun blamed the police for allegedly being friendly with the attackers and discouraging her from filing a police complaint.

Later 3 suspects were convicted for the rape, and 6 others acquitted for lack of evidence.

== Background ==
The incident happened during anti-Christian violence that targeted Christian Churches, Institutions and homes where more than 395 churches and 5600 Christians' houses were burned, 39-100 Christians killed, and nearly 60,000 left homeless by groups led by the Hindu nationalist [[Sangh Parivar]] groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/10-years-after-kandhamal-riots-both-sides-say-they-await-justice-5322057/|title=10 years after Kandhamal riots, both sides say they await justice|date=2018-08-24|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/current-affairs-trends/10-years-of-kandhamal-riots-what-happened-and-where-do-the-cases-stand-today-2885381.html|title=10 years of Kandhamal riots: What happened and where do the cases stand today?|website=Moneycontrol|date=27 August 2018 |access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://in.reuters.com/article/india-christians-justice-idINKCN0R821W20150908|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113153028/http://in.reuters.com/article/india-christians-justice-idINKCN0R821W20150908|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 January 2016|title=Christians seek justice seven years after Kandhamal riots|date=2015-09-08|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en}}</ref>

The nun belonged to the [[Servite Order]] of the Catholic Church and was born in [[Sambalpur]], [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Arimbra|first=Ameen|title=Fading shades of Secularism: Case Study Kandhamal Violence|url=https://www.academia.edu/25563733|language=en|website=[[Academia.edu]]}}</ref> She was 28 years old during the time of the incident and worked with the tribals at the Divya jyoti Pastoral Centre in K Nuagaon, 12 km from [[Baliguda]] town in [[Kandhamal District]].<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/Nun-was-gang-raped-and-priest-brutally-assaulted-in-Kandhamal/article15313647.ece|title=Nun was gang raped and priest brutally assaulted in Kandhamal|date=2008-09-30|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oneindia.com/2008/10/04/hindu-girl-gang-raped-murdered-orissa-1223111100.html|title=Hindu girl gang-raped, murdered in Orissa|date=2008-10-04|website=oneindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/kandhamal-nun--rape-trial-begins/652248/|title=Kandhamal: Nun rape trial begins - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":7" />

The nun was very active in spreading information about various central government employment schemes like the [[National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005]] (NREGS) to the tribals. She was also helping the tribals with various [[micro-finance]] schemes. The non-tribal community were reportedly angry after their business took a hit from the nun's work. During 2007 and early 2008, the social service organization, [[Jan Vikas]], where she worked was targeted several times. She asked for police protection, the day before the incident but the police did not respond.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27|title=Outlook|date=2008-11-10|publisher=Outlook Publishing|volume=48|issue=45|language=en}}</ref>

== Incident ==
During the evening of 24 August 2008, a large mob arrived in front of the Divya jyoti centre where the nun was staying and she ran out through the back door, along with a few others, into the forest and sheltered at the house of a Hindu man for the night. The mob later set the Divya jyoti centre on fire.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lastampa.it/vatican-insider/en/2015/08/24/news/india-the-hindu-woman-who-risked-her-life-to-save-a-group-of-nuns-1.35235126|title=India: The Hindu woman who risked her life to save a group of nuns|date=2015-08-24|website=lastampa.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/2/8563/Kandhamal-8-Years-After-The-Persistence-of-Memory-As-Retold-By-Sister-M|title=Kandhamal 8 Years After: The Persistence of Memory As Retold By Sister M|website=The Citizen|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=24 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024004226/https://www.thecitizen.in/index.php/en/NewsDetail/index/2/8563/Kandhamal-8-Years-After-The-Persistence-of-Memory-As-Retold-By-Sister-M}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/nun-was-paraded-half-nude-after-rape-govt/story-esC5aJeo3eEK18E9NWyHbL.html|title=Nun was paraded half-nude after rape: Govt|date=2009-07-23|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref>

The rape incident happened around 1 p.m on 25 August. A mob of 2000 assembled near the house shouting "Bharat Mata ki jai", and about 40-50 men armed with iron rods, [[:wikt:lathi|lathis]], [[sickle]]s, axes, spades and [[crowbar (tool)|crowbar]]s entered the house where she was staying. They slapped her and pulled her out of the house by her hair.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/38-days-later-Orissa-govt-admits-nuns-rape/articleshow/3556112.cms|title=38 days later, Orissa govt admits nun's rape {{!}} India News - Times of India|last=TNN|website=The Times of India|date=4 October 2008 |language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> The nun also claimed two men attempted to [[decapitate]] her with an axe. Another priest who also took shelter in the house where she stayed was also taken out and beaten. The priest alleged that the men shouted [[Hindutva|pro-Hindutva]] slogans and wore [[Saffron (color)|saffron]] bandanas.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5010294.ece|title=Nun Meena Lalita Barwa tells of brutal rape by Hindu mob in India - Times Online|date=2011-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510203634/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article5010294.ece|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2011-05-10}}</ref> The mob took her to a burnt down building, tore off her upper clothing, and she was gang-raped with two of the attackers standing on her hands. She lost consciousness and couldn't recall incidents after the assault.<ref name=":1" /> The priest was also beaten up and doused with kersone by the mob who threatened to set him on fire, as he protested. Another mob came there during the same time shouting "where is the nun" and "at-least hundred people should rape her". The nun claimed that the mob then took her and the priest outside and were searching for a rope to tie them up and burn them alive.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/24orissa.htm|title=Raped Orissa nun surfaces, recounts horror|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|first=John L. Jr.|last=Allen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_iNY14c6keIC&dq=Sr.%20Meena%2C%20a%20nun&pg=PT16|title=The global war on Christians: dispatches from the front lines of anti-Christian persecution|publisher=Crown Publishing Group|year=2013|isbn=978-0-7704-3735-0|edition=First|location=New York|pages=8–16|oclc=858610913}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2012/jan2012/citizens%20tribunal%20Kandhamal%20Report%20Full.pdf|title=National People's Tribunal on Kandhamal - Final report|date=22-24 Aug 2010|website=National People's Tribunal}}</ref>

{{Quote box
| quote = The police failed to stop the misdemeanours and failed to defend me from the assailants, they were friendly with the assailants, they tried their best to make sure that I did not register an FIR and to not make complaints against the police, they didn't take down my testimony as I recounted the incident in detail and deserted me half-way. 
I was raped and now I don't want to be victimised by the police of Orissa. I want an investigation from the CBI. 
God bless India, God bless you all.
| source = -Sister Meena <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/news/2008/oct/24nun.htm|title=Nun's statement details rape, violence|website=www.rediff.com|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>
| align = right
| width = 41em
| bgcolor = #c9e9ff
}}

The mob then paraded the nun half-naked without her upper clothing for more than a half-kilometer to a marketplace where people made lewd remarks such as "Hi beautiful" and commented on the size of her breasts.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/nun-paraded-half-nude-after-rape-orissa-govt-398562|title=Nun paraded half-nude after rape: Orissa govt|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref> The mob kept beating her and attempted to strip her completely naked along the way. The nun claimed that when she asked for help from some policemen and sat beside them, they did not even flinch. As she was laying there in her blood, some people were collecting tyres to burn her and the priest alive.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/as-i-lay-bloodied-they-collected-tyres-to-burn-me/368166/0|title='As I lay bloodied, they collected tyres to burn me' - Indian Express|website=archive.indianexpress.com|access-date=2020-04-19}}</ref> The mob then took them to a police outpost along with a policeman. The nun claimed that the mob said they would return after taking a food break, and that the police were very friendly with a man who attacked her, and discouraged her from filing a [[first information report]] (FIR).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> The report by the [[Indian People's Tribunal]] confirmed all the incidents.<ref name=":6" />

The nun and priest were then taken to a hospital for medical check ups, and in several instances, the police kept them inside the jeep or in the garages fearing attacks on the police station by mobs, and then took them to a [[Central Reserve Police Force]] (CRPF) camp.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/latest-headlines/story/nun-s-tale-haunts-humanity-in-kandhamal-32302-2008-10-26|title=Nun"s tale haunts humanity in Kandhamal|date=October 26, 2008|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

On the evening of the same day, the doctor who did medical tests on the nun confirmed that she had been raped.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7649984.stm|title=Four arrested over India nun rape|date=2008-10-03|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080067507|title=NDTV.com: Medical reports confirm Kandhmal nun raped|date=2008-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003210851/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/story.aspx?id=NEWEN20080067507|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2008-10-03}}</ref>

== Convictions ==
On 3 October 2008, the Police Chief of Khandamal district, confirmed the rape and arrested 4 people in connection with the incident.<ref name=":5" /> On 25 October 2008, the nun was asked by the police to help identify the rapists.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Orissa_asks_nun_to_help_identify_rapists/articleshow/3640222.cms |title=Orissa asks nun to help identify rapists-India-The Times of India |website=[[The Times of India]] |date=2008-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028103243/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Orissa_asks_nun_to_help_identify_rapists/articleshow/3640222.cms|access-date=2020-04-18|archive-date=2008-10-28}}</ref> 27 people were arrested in connection with the incident by 2012.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/kandhamal-rapecase-accused-arrested/article3735246.ece|title=Kandhamal rape-case accused arrested|date=2012-08-07|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

On 14 March 2014, 3 people were convicted for the rape, and 6 people were acquitted due to lack of evidence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/2008-Kandhamal-nun-gang-rape-case-3-people-convicted-6-acquitted/articleshow/31998696.cms|title=2008 Kandhamal nun gang-rape case: 3 people convicted, 6 acquitted {{!}} India News - Times of India|last=PTI|date=Mar 14, 2014|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/2008-kandhamal-nun-gangrape-3-convicted-6-acquitted-184887-2014-03-14|title=2008 Kandhamal nun gangrape case: 3 convicted, 6 acquitted|date=March 14, 2014|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> The key accused was given a jail time of 11 years, but was granted bail in 2016.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/11-year-RI-for-key-accused-in-Kandhamal-rape-case/article11411694.ece|title=11-year RI for key accused in Kandhamal rape case|date=2014-03-14|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=2020-04-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/Prime-accused-of-Kandhamal-nun-rape-case-granted-bail/articleshow/50657826.cms|title=Prime accused of Kandhamal nun-rape case granted bail|last=Jaiswal|first=Binita|date=Jan 20, 2016|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
Her public appeal mounted pressure on the ruling party to ban [[Bajrang Dal]], a Sangh Parivar group which was the most accused of orchestrating the [[Kandhamal riots]]. However the ruling party reportedly feared as such a move would mobilize the vote-banks towards the [[Bharatiya Janata Party|Bhartiya Janata Party]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sabrangindia.in/article/flashback-kandhamal-targeted-violence-against-christians-9-years-later|title=A Flashback to Kandhamal Targeted Violence against Christians, 9 Years Later|date=2017-08-24|website=SabrangIndia|language=en|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/web-exclusive/story/kandhamal-beats-gujarat-in-violence-statistics-32868-2008-11-05|title=Kandhamal beats Gujarat in violence statistics|last=Farzand|first=Ahmed|website=India Today|language=en|date=November 5, 2008|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/bajrang-dal-planned-orissa-violence-cpm/articleshow/3638940.cms|title=Bajrang Dal planned Orissa violence: CPM|date=2008-10-25|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Jhabua nuns rape case]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://www.sabrang.com/cc/archive/2012/jan2012/citizens%20tribunal%20Kandhamal%20Report%20Full.pdf / National People's Tribunal on Kandhamal - Final Report]
{{Persecution of Christians}}

[[Category:Violence against Christians in India]]
[[Category:Hate crimes in India]]
[[Category:Attacks on churches in India]]
[[Category:Hindutva]]
[[Category:Sectarian violence]]
[[Category:Hinduism-motivated violence in India]]
[[Category:Gang rape in India]]
[[Category:Violence against women in India]]
[[Category:Kandhamal district]]
[[Category:2000s in Orissa]]
[[Category:2008 crimes in India]]
[[Category:Crime in Odisha]]
[[Category:Indian case law]]
[[Category:Persecution of Christians by Hindus]]
[[Category:Rape in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Sexual violence at riots and crowd disturbances]]
[[Category:Sangh Parivar]]

Tulin, Purulia

2026-02-11T21:45:05Z

KobyQ0272234: adding a post

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Tulin
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline = Tulin village in Purulia district 01.jpg
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India West Bengal# India
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = at the border of west Bengal, Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates = {{coord|23.3794|N|85.8906|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[West Bengal]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Purulia district|Purulia]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type = Panchayet|
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 = 761.94
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 264
| population_total = 9,844
| population_as_of =
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Bengali, Kurmali, local hindi
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate =
| website = {{URL|purulia.gov.in/}}
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes =
| module = {{OSM Location map
| width=300| height=340| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|23.316|86.050}}| float=center|caption=Places in Jhalda subdivision in Purulia district. Key: M: municipality, C: census town, R: rural/ urban centre, H: historical/ religious centre, X: craft centre, T: tourist centre, △: hills Owing to space constraints in the small map, the locations in the larger map on click through may vary slightly.
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|23|42|N|85|59|54|E}} | label-pos1=left|label1= [[Chekya]]| numbered1=C| mark-title1= [[Chekya]] (Census Town)|label-color1= #800000 |label-sizeD=11| mark-sizeD=14|shapeD=l-circle|shape-colorD=#A40000|shape-outlineD=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|21|10|N|86|3|23|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=[[Begunkodor]]| numbered2=C| mark-title2= [[Begunkodor]] (Census Town)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|25|52|N|86|8|57|E}} | label-pos3=top|label3=[[Jaypur, Purulia|Jaypur]]| numbered3=C| mark-title3= [[Jaypur, Purulia]] (Census Town)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|22|12|N|85|58|12|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= [[Jhalda]]| numbered4=M| mark-title4= [[Jhalda]] (M) |shape-color4=#800000
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|25|16|N|86|12|28|E}} | label-pos5=bottom|label5=[[Agharpur]]| numbered5=R| mark-title5= [[Agharpur]] (R) |shape-color5=#C42222
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|30|19|N|86|4|34|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=[[Ananda Nagar, Purulia|Ananda Nagar]]| numbered6=R| mark-title6= [[Ananda Nagar, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|11|50|N|86|3|0|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7=[[Baghmundi]]| numbered7=R| mark-title7= [[Baghmundi]] (R) |shape-color7=#C42222|ldy7=6
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|18|37|N|85|53|46|E}} | label-pos8=right|label8=[[Jargo, Purulia|Jargo]]| numbered8=R| mark-title8= [[Jargo, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color8=#C42222
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|24|47|N|86|4|46|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=[[Jiudaru]]| numbered9=R| mark-title9= [[Jiudaru]] (R) |shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|24|22|N|86|4|12|E}} | label-pos10=bottom|label10=[[Kotshila]]| numbered10=R| mark-title10= [[Kotshila]] (R) |shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|21|20|N|85|57|11|E}} | label-pos11=bottom|label11=[[Masina, Purulia|Masina]]| numbered11=R| mark-title11= [[Masina, Purulia]] (R) |shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|11|2|N|86|3|50|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=Patardi| numbered12=R| mark-title12= Patardi (R)|shape-color12=#C42222|ldy12=2
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|22|45|N|85|53|26|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13='''Tulin'''| numbered13=R| mark-title13= '''Tulin''' (R) |shape-color13=black|label-color13=black|label-size13=14
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|11|44|N|85|53|37|E}} | label-pos14=bottom|label14= [[Suisa]]| numbered14=H| mark-title14= [[Suisa]] (H) |shape-color14=#AA6666
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|12|30|N|86|1|53|E}} | label-pos15=left|label15=[[Charida]]| numbered15=X| mark-title15= [[Charida]] (X)| shape-color15=#AA6666
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|12|34|N|86|7|49|E}} | label-pos16=right|ldy16=-5 |label16= Ajodhya Hill top | numbered16=T|shape-color16=green| mark-title16= Ajodhya Hills (T)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|11|44|N|86|5|29|E}} | shape17=l-square| label-pos17=bottom |label17= [[Purulia Pumped Storage Power Station|Purulia]]| numbered17=T|shape-color17=green| mark-title17= [[Purulia Pumped Storage Power Station]]|ldy17=0|ldx17=6
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|12|25|N|86|5|5|E}} | label-pos18=top |label18= Bamni Falls | numbered18=T|shape-color18=green| mark-title18= Ajodhya Hills (T)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|19|3|N|86|3|17|E}} | shape19=l-square|label-pos19=right |label19= [[Murguma Dam]] | numbered19=T|shape-color19=green| mark-title19= [[Murguma Dam]]
|mark-coord20={{coord|23.32|85.885}}| label20= Subarnarekha River| label-color20 = #77A1CB| label-angle20=-55| label-pos20=top| label-size20=9| mark-size20=0| mark-title20 =none
|mark-coord21={{coord|23.2708989|85.9921269}}|shape21=l-triangle|label21= Chamtuburu| label-color21 = #C42222| label-pos21=left| mark-title21 =Chamtuburu Pahar hill|numbered21=△|mark-description21={{cvt|720|m}}|ldy21=2
|mark-coord22={{coord|23.2894|N|86.0506|E}}| label22= Ajodhya^Hills| label-color22 = #C42222 | label-angle22=0| label-pos22=bottom| label-size22=14| mark-size22=0| mark-title22 =none
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|08|37.3|N|86|07|42.8|E}}|shape23=l-triangle|label23= [[Gorgaburu]]| label-color23 = #C42222| label-pos23=left| mark-title23 =Gorgaburu hill|numbered23=△|mark-description23={{cvt|677|m}}|ldy23=2
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|14|37.7|N|86|08|18.0|E}}|shape24=l-triangle|label24= Chandni Hill|label-color24 = #C42222| label-pos24=right| mark-title24 =Chandni Pahar hill|numbered24=△|mark-description24={{cvt|620|m}}|ldy24=2
|arc-coordA={{coord|23.45|85.86}}|arc-textA= JHARKHAND| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-50| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.43}}
}}
'''Tulin''' is a village and a [[gram panchayat]] in the [[Jhalda I]] [[Community development blocks in India|CD block]] in the [[Jhalda subdivision]] of the [[Purulia district]] in the state of [[West Bengal]], situated beside the [[Subarnarekha River]].

==Geography==
[[File:Tulin Bridge on Subarnarekha river 03.jpg|left|thumb|Tulin Bridge on Subarnarekha River]]

=== Location ===
Tulin is a developed village, located in the border of West Bengal and [[Jharkhand]]. According to Census 2011 information the location code of Tulin village is 331279. It is situated {{cvt|11.6|km}} away from sub-division [[Jhalda]] and {{cvt|54.8|km}} away from district headquarters at [[Purulia]]. The total geographical area of village is {{convert|761.94|ha|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tulin Village in Jhalda I (Puruliya) West Bengal {{!}} villageinfo.in|url=https://villageinfo.in/west-bengal/puruliya/jhalda-i/tulin.html|website=villageinfo.in|access-date=16 November 2016}}</ref>

===Area overview===
Purulia district forms the lowest step of the [[Chota Nagpur Plateau]]. The general scenario is undulating land with scattered hills. [[Jhalda subdivision]], shown in the map alongside, is located in the western part of the district, bordering [[Jharkhand]]. The [[Subarnarekha River|Subarnarekha]] flows along a short stretch of its western border. It is an overwhelmingly rural subdivision with 91.02% of the population living in the rural areas and 8.98% living in the urban areas. There are 3 census towns in the subdivision. The map alongside shows some of the tourist attractions in the [[Ajodhya Hills]]. The area is home to Purulia [[Chhau dance]] with spectacular masks made at [[Charida]]. The remnants of old temples and deities are found in the subdivision also, as in other parts of the district.<ref>{{cite book|first=John Wardle|last=Houlton|author-link=John Wardle Houlton|title=Bihar, the Heart of India|year=1949|page=170|publisher=Orient Longmans Ltd|publication-place=Bombay}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Purulia |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 12 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbtourismgov.in/destination/district/purulia| title = Purulia | work= Department of Tourism| publisher = Government of West Bengal |access-date = 1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.utsavpedia.com/cultural-connections/indian-performing-arts/chhau-dance-of-purulia/| title = Chhau dance of Purulia| date = 30 July 2015| publisher = Itsavpedia |access-date = 1 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1914_PART_A_DCHB_PURULIYA.pdf| title = District Census Handbook: Puruliya – Series 20, Part Xii A, Census of India 2011| work= Page 102: Brief Description of Places of Religious, Historical or Archaeological Importance and Places of Tourist Interest of the District |publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date = 28 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://rangandatta.wordpress.com/2018/04/25/deuli-harup-and-suisa-crumbling-temples-scattered-statues-and-single-room-museum-purulia-district/#more-32881| title = Deuli, Harup and Suisa, Crumbling Temples, Scattered Statues and Single Room Museum| date = 24 April 2018| publisher = Rangan Dutta/ Wordpress |access-date = 21 January 2020}}</ref>

==Demographics==
According to the [[2011 Census of India]], Tulin had a total population of 9,844 of which 5,054 (51%) were males and 4,790 (49%) were females. There were 1,222 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The total number of literate people in Tulin was 6,602 (76.57% of the population over 6 years).<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 10 February 2020 }}</ref>

==Transport==
[[File:Tulin railway station in Purulia district 02.jpg|left|thumb|Tulin railway station]]
Tulin is the originating/ terminating point of the [[State Highway 4A (West Bengal)|State Highway 4A]] running to Chas Morh.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 10 February 2020}}</ref>

[[Tulin railway station]] situated on the [[NSC Bose Gomoh-Hatia line]] of the South Eastern Railway.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/adra-barkakana-passenger-58621-prr-to-muri-indianrail-indian-railway-irctc-enquiry/5075/1468/383 |title = 58621Adra-Barkakana Passenger |work= Time Table |publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 10 February 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|3}}

{{Purulia District}}

[[Category:Villages in Purulia district]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{Purulia-geo-stub}}

Cherupalli Vivek Teja

2026-02-06T06:19:28Z

KobyQ0272234: adding first pg added tags.

{{short description|Indian martial artist}}
{{Orphan|date=November 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Cherupalli Vivek Teja
| image = Cherupalli Vivek Teja, April 2018.jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Vivek Teja in 2018
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|8|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Nalgonda]], [[Telangana]], India
| education = Bachelor of Technology (Electronics & Communications Engineering) from SRTIST college, Nalgonda, [[Telangana]]
| occupation = [[Martial artist]]
| years_active = 2015–present
| employer =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for = Martial arts - Karate
| notable_works = *
* 2 x USA Open Gold medalist 2019 & 2018.
* Won 29 Gold, 18 Silver and 16 bronze medals in International, National, and state-level championships.
| style =
| title =
| term =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| boards =
| spouse =
| children =
| parents =
| website = [http://www.vivekteja.com/main.php/ vivekteja.com]
}}

'''Cherupalli Vivek Teja''' (born 29 August 1992) is an Indian [[Martial arts|martial artist]]. He has been a martial arts fighter for 19 years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=imd1 Martial Arts Legend - Vivek Teja|url=https://www.imd1.co/legenddetails/vivek-teja|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.imd1.co}}</ref> Cherupalli is the founder of the Human Weapon International, a self-defense training organization. Vivek Teja Cherupalli claims that he has trained more than 19,000 women in the art of self-defense.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vivek Teja {{!}} World Karate Champion|url=http://www.vivekteja.com/main.php|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.vivekteja.com}}</ref> The 27-year-old Cherupalli, who has Judd Reid as his coach, is also training to be a light heavyweight (75 kg) category boxer.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Gundra|first=AuthorShiva Krishna|title=After conquering karate, Vivek Teja Cherupalli eyes boxing|url=https://telanganatoday.com/after-conquering-karate-vivek-teja-cherupalli-eyes-boxing|access-date=2020-06-13|website=Telangana Today|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Cherupalli Vivek Teja, won gold (Kumite 84 weight category) at the US Open International Karate Championship-2019, which was held in [[Las Vegas]], United States.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Service|first=Hans News|date=2019-04-25|title=Teja bags two gold medals in USA Open|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/sports/teja-bags-two-gold-medals-in-usa-open--523894|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> Vivek has 60 medals under his belt, 28 of them being gold.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Adivi|first=Sashidhar|date=2018-04-26|title=Aiming for the stars|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/sports/in-other-news/260418/aiming-for-the-stars-2.html|access-date=2020-06-13|website=Deccan Chronicle|language=en}}</ref> In 2019, Cherupalli was selected to represent the Indian Karate team in the WKF Karate 1 Series A Championship (WKF Ranking Tournament for Olympic 2020 standing), which held in South America, [[Santiago]], Chile, from 20 to 22 September.<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=The Hans|date=2019-09-16|title=Vivek selected for WKF Karate 1 Series A Championship|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/sports/vivek-selected-for-wkf-karate-1-series-a-championship-564208|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Cherupalli won gold and silver medal in the Malaysian International [[Karate]] Championship.{{citation needed|date=October 2022}}

Cherupalli also trained under former SAI boxing coach Emani Chiranjeevi.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Subrahmanyam|first=V. v|date=2017-09-10|title=Martial arts exponent plans to box in Tokyo Olympics|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/martial-arts-exponent-plans-to-box-in-tokyo-olympics/article19656149.ece|access-date=2020-06-13|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Previously, in 2016, Vivek had won the World Martial Arts Championships in [[Sydney]], Australia, to become the World Martial Arts Champion (Karate division).<ref>{{Cite web|title=India's Vivek Teja becomes World Karate Champion|url=https://inshorts.com/en/news/indias-vivek-teja-becomes-world-karate-champion-1470063245846|access-date=2020-06-13|website=Inshorts - Stay Informed|language=en}}</ref> Cherupalli Vivek Teja also plays the role of coach and instructor to his sister, Ramya Tejaswini Cherupalli, who is also a gold and bronze medalist in international karate championships.<ref>{{Cite web|last=India|first=The Hans|date=2019-02-06|title=Ramya bags gold in International Karate Championship, 2019|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Sports/2019-02-06/Ramya-bags-gold-in-International-Karate-Championship-2019/489040|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Competitions ==

* [[World Karate Federation]] Series A Championship, Santiago, Chile, 2019
* USA Open 2018 & 2019
* Common Wealth Championship, [[Durban]], South Africa, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|title=set-online|url=https://www.sportdata.org/karate/set-online/popup_nennungen_main.php?popup_action=nennungenall&verid=4157|access-date=2020-06-13|website=www.sportdata.org}}</ref>
* Malaysian International Karate Championship, 2017
* Martial Arts Championship, Sydney, Australia, 2016

== Certifications ==

* International Referee Certificate by WUKO International Referee Council, India, February 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Murdeshwar|first=Sachin|title=imd1 – I Am The 1, on-boards Martial Art World Champion Vivek Teja as a Legend for Martial Arts after VVS Laxman, Dabboo Ratnani and others. – Global Prime News|url=https://globalprimenews.com/2020/01/27/imd1-i-am-the-1-on-boards-martial-art-world-champion-vivek-teja-as-a-legend-for-martial-arts-after-vvs-laxman-dabboo-ratnani-and-others/|access-date=2020-06-13|language=en-US}}</ref>
* Diploma Certificate in InterContinental Open Karate Championship, India, 2006

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.vivekteja.com/index.html Vivek Teja World Karate Champion]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Teja, Cherupalli Vivek}}
[[Category:Indian male martial artists]]
[[Category:1992 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian people]]

Batool Begam

2026-02-06T05:58:47Z

KobyQ0272234: data

{{Short description|Indian folk singer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Batool Begum
| image = Batool Begam in the video 'Argus News Exclusive Interview with Naari Shakti Awardee, Batool Begum'.png
| alt = 
| caption = In a 2022 interview
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names = Batool Begam
| occupation = Folk singer
| years_active =
| known_for = [[Mand (singing style)|Mand]] and [[bhajan]] singing
| notable_works =
| awards = [[Nari Shakti Puruskar]] (2021) [[Padma Shri]] (2025)
}}
'''Batool Begum''' is a [[folk music]] singer from [[Jaipur]] in the Indian state of [[Rajasthan]]. She sings [[Mand (singing style)|mand]] and [[bhajan]] songs and has become internationally famous.<ref name="DNA">{{cite news |title=कौन हैं Batool Begum जिन्हें अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महिला दिवस पर राष्ट्रपति कोविंद ने किया सम्मानित |url=https://www.dnaindia.com/hindi/india/report-who-batool-begum-nari-shakti-puraskar-2022-winner-president-kovind-shared-picture-4014607 |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=DNA India |date=8 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> She plays instruments such as the [[dhol]], [[dholak]] and [[tabla]].<ref name="Tatsat">{{cite news |last1=Kainthola |first1=Deepanshu |title=President Presents Nari Shakti Puraskar for the Years 2020, 2021 |url=https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=Tatsat Chronicle Magazine |date=8 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309001953/https://tatsatchronicle.com/president-presents-nari-shakti-puraskar-for-the-years-2020-2021/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Biography==
Begum Batul was born in Kerap village in [[Didwana-Kuchaman district|Didwana district]] of [[Rajasthan]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Bharat |first=E. T. V. |date=2025-01-25 |title=डीडवाना की मांड गायिका बतूल बेगम को पद्मश्री, मंदिर में भजन गाने से की शुरूआत |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/padma-shri-to-folk-music-singer-batool-begum-she-was-also-given-nari-shakti-puraskar-rajasthan-news-rjs25012505989 |access-date=2025-01-26 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=hi |archive-date=25 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125172147/https://www.etvbharat.com/hi/!state/padma-shri-to-folk-music-singer-batool-begum-she-was-also-given-nari-shakti-puraskar-rajasthan-news-rjs25012505989 |url-status=live }}</ref> She dropped out of school in the fifth grade.<ref name=":0" /> She belongs to the [[Mirasi]] community of Rajasthan.<ref name=":2" /> Her interest in singing [[Mand (singing style)|mand]] is a family tradition. But [[Bhajan]]s are not like that. At the age of eight, she used to go in front of Thakur Ji's temple in Kerap village of Nagaur every day with her friends, which is how she developed a passion for singing Bhajans.<ref name=":0" /> Later, she started singing Bhajans herself.<ref name=":0" />

===Personal life===
Begum got married at the age of 16.<ref name=":0" /> She and her husband, Feroz Khan, who was a conductor on the roadways, have three sons.<ref name=":0" /> She currently lives with her family in [[Vidhyadhar Nagar Assembly constituency|Vidyadhar Nagar]], [[Jaipur]].<ref name=":2" />

==Career==
Begum, a singer of Maand and Bhajan style folk songs, also plays Indian musical instruments like the [[tabla]], [[dholak]], and [[dhol]].<ref name=":1" /> Born into the [[Muslims|Muslim]] faith and starting singing [[Hindus|Hindu]] bhajans, Begum conveys a message of communal unity through her songs, she gives a message of communal harmony through her songs.<ref name=":2" />

Apart from various stages in India Begum Batul has performed in 56 countries outside India, including France, Germany, Tunisia, Italy, Switzerland, the US, and the UK.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=बचपन में मंदिर में गाया, अब यूरोप की शान:मांड-फाग गायिका बेगम बतूल के बिना यूरोप का सबसे बड़ा होली फेस्टिवल अधूरा, नारी शक्ति अवॉर्ड मिला |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/nagaur/news/begum-betul-used-to-sing-songs-in-thakur-ji-temple-gives-performance-in-biggest-holi-festival-129486724.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref> She is member of the Bollywood Klezmer, an international fusion folk music band consisting of artists from different religions performing fusion music from different cultures.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2025-01-26 |title=Three from Raj get Padma Shri |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/three-from-raj-get-padma-shri/articleshow/117562044.cms |access-date=2025-01-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=कौन हैं राजस्थान की बतूल बेगम, जिन्हें मिला पद्मश्री अवार्ड; मुस्लिम होकर गाती हैं भगवान के भजन |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/rajasthan/who-is-rajasthans-batool-begum-who-received-the-padma-shri-award-sings-bhajans-of-god-201737816637083.html}}</ref>

She performed at the Olympics in France, with other folk artists of her group Basant.<ref name=":2" /> Begum is the only woman from Rajasthan to have performed at the [[Town hall of Paris 2nd arrondissement|Town Hall in Paris]].<ref name=":2" />

==Awards and honors==
Batool Begam was awarded the 2021 [[Nari Shakti Puruskar]] on [[International Women's Day]] in 2022.<ref name="Adda">{{cite news |last1=Arora |first1=Sumit |title=President Kovind Presents 'Nari Shakti Puraskar' for 2020 and 2021 |url=https://currentaffairs.adda247.com/nari-shakti-puraskar/ |access-date=21 March 2022 |work=Adda247 |date=9 March 2022 |language=en-IN}}</ref> In 2025 January, she received the [[Padma Shri]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Padma Awards 2025: Centre announces seven Padma Vibhushan, 19 Padma Bhushan and 113 Padma Shri winners |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/padma-awards-2025-centre-announces-seven-padma-vibhushan-19-padma-bhushan-and-113-padma-shri-winners-3372844 |access-date=2025-01-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> Begum has also been honoured by the governments of France and Tunisia.<ref name=":0" /> On International Women's Day 2021, she received the GOPIO Achievers Award - 2021 and the Certificate of Excellence Award.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Nari Shakti Puraskar}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Begam, Batool}}
[[Category:Musicians from Jaipur]]
[[Category:Dhol players]]
[[Category:Tabla players]]
[[Category:Bhajan singers]]
[[Category:Indian folk singers]]
[[Category:Nari Shakti Puraskar winners]]
[[Category:Women from Rajasthan]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts]]

Mother of Ashoka

2026-02-02T12:00:01Z

KobyQ0272234: expanded layout as per guidelines and added references to improve readability

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Short description|Chief queen of Bindusara}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Dharma or Subhadrangi
| title = Janapada-kalyani
| image =
| succession = [[Empress Consort]] of [[Maurya Empire]]
| predecessor = [[Durdhara]]
| successor = [[Asandhimitra]]
| spouse = [[Bindusara]]
| issue = {{ubl|[[Ashoka]] | [[Vitashoka]] (according to ''Ashokavadana'') or Tissa (according to [[Mahavamsa]])}}
| house = [[Maurya Empire|Maurya]] (by marriage)
| house-type = Dynasty
| religion = [[Ajivika]] (according to ''Mahavamsa-tika'')
| father = A [[Brahmin]] of [[Champapuri|Champa]] (according to ''Ashokavadana'')
}}
The information about the '''mother of [[Ashoka]]''' (c. 3rd century BCE), the 3rd [[Mauryan Empire|Mauryan]] emperor of ancient India, varies between different sources. Ashoka's own inscriptions and the main texts that provide information about his life (such as ''[[Ashokavadana]]'' and ''[[Mahavamsa]]'') do not name his mother. The ''Asokavadanamala'' names her '''Subhadrangi''', while ''Vamsatthapakasini'' calls her '''Dharma''' ([[Pali language|Pali]]: Dhamma). Different texts variously describe her as a [[Brahmin]] or a [[Kshatriya]].

== Names ==

Ashoka's own inscriptions do not mention his parents.{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|p=26}} The various Buddhist texts provide different names or epithets for Ashoka's mother:

* '''Subhadrangi''', in ''Asokavadanamala'',{{sfn|Ananda W. P. Guruge|1993|p=19}}{{sfn|Radhakumud Mookerji|1962|p=2}} a text composed sometime after mid-11th century; not to be confused with ''[[Ashokavadana]]'' within ''[[Divyavadana]]''{{sfn|Joel Tatelman|2013|pp=8-10}}
* '''Dharma''' ([[Pali language|Pali]]: '''Dhamma'''), in ''Vamsatthapakasini'' or ''Mahavamsa-tika'', a 10th-century commentary on ''Mahavamsa''{{sfn|Radhakumud Mookerji|1962|p=2}}
* '''Janapada-kalyani''', in a ''[[Divyavadana]]'' legend;{{sfn|Upinder Singh|2008|p=332}} according to scholar [[Ananda W. P. Guruge]], this is not a name, but an epithet.{{sfn|Ananda W. P. Guruge|1993|p=19}}

== Ancestry ==

''Ashokavadana'', which does not mention Ashoka's mother by name,{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|p=323|ps="In the Ashokavadana, Ashoka's mother is not named."}}{{sfn|Ananda W. P. Guruge|1993|p=29|ps=: "Asoka's mother (that is, the unnamed Brahman girl of exquisite beauty from Campā )"}} states that she was the daughter of a [[Brahmin]] from [[Champapuri|Champa]] city near the Mauryan capital [[Pataliputra]].{{sfn|John S. Strong|1989|pp=204-205}}

According to the ''Mahavamsa-tika'', Ashoka's mother Dhamma{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=26}} belonged to the Moriya [[Kshatriya]] clan.{{sfn|Radhakumud Mookerji|1962|p=2}}

According to the 2nd century historian [[Appian]], Ashoka's grandfather [[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]] entered into a marital alliance with the Greek king [[Seleucus I Nicator]], which has led to speculation that Ashoka's father [[Bindusara]] (or Chandragupta himself) married a Greek princess. However, there is no evidence that Ashoka's mother (or grandmother) was Greek, and the idea has been dismissed by most historians.{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=20}}

== Legends in Buddhist texts ==

=== Marriage to Bindusara ===

According to the ''Ashokavadana,'' the mother of Ashoka, name unknown, was the daughter of a [[Brahmin]] from the [[Champapuri|Champa]]. As a young woman, she was extremely beautiful, and some fortune-tellers predicted that she would marry a king. They also prophesied that she would bear two sons, one of whom will become a [[chakravartin]] (universal) emperor, while the other would be religiously-inclined. Accordingly, her father took her to Pataliputra, and offered her in marriage to Emperor Bindusara.{{sfn|John S. Strong|1989|p=204}}{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|pp=31-32}}

Bindusara considered the woman an auspicious celestial maiden, and inducted her into his palace. The emperor's concubines, who were jealous of her beauty, did not let her sleep with the emperor, and instead trained her as a [[barber]]. She soon became an expert barber, and whenever she groomed the emperor's hair and beard, the emperor would become relaxed and fall asleep. Pleased with her, the emperor promised to grant her one wish, to which she asked the emperor to have intercourse with her. The emperor stated that he was a [[Kshatriya]] (member of the warrior class), and would not sleep with a low-class barber girl. The girl explained that she was the daughter of a Brahmin (a member of the high priestly class), and had been made a barber by the other women in the palace. The emperor then told her not to work as a barber, and made her his chief empress.{{sfn|John S. Strong|1989|p=205}}

=== Pregnancy and childbirth ===

According to the ''Mahavamsa-tika'', when Empress Dhamma was pregnant with Ashoka, she had unusual cravings.{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|p=37}} For example, she once said that she wanted to "trample on the moon and the sun to play with the stars and to eat up the forests".{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=26}} Bindusara asked the Brahmins in his court to explain the meaning of these cravings, but they were unable to do so. Janasena, an [[Ājīvika]] ascetic known to the empress's family, was able to interpret the meaning of her cravings, and predicted that her son would conquer and rule over entire India ([[Jambudvipa]]).{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|p=37}} He also predicted that the son would destroy 96 heretical sects, promote Buddhism, and kill his brothers for displeasing him (the text later states that Ashoka killed 99 out of his 100 brothers).{{sfn|Romila Thapar|1961|p=26}}

According to the ''Ashokavadana'', when she gave birth to her first child, the empress named the baby Ashoka, because she had become "without sorrow" (''a-shoka'') when he was born. Later, she gave birth to a second son. She named the child Vitashoka, because her sorrow had ceased (''vigate-shoke'') when he was born.{{sfn|John S. Strong|1989|p=205}}

=== Pingala-vatsajiva's prediction ===

''Ashokavadana'' states that Bindusara disliked Ashoka because of his rough skin. One day, Bindusara asked the [[Ajivika]] ascetic Pingala-vatsajiva to examine which of his sons was worthy of being his successor. Ashoka did not want to go to for the examination, as his father disliked him. However, his mother convinced him to be there with other princes. Pingala-vatsajiva realized that Ashoka would be the next emperor, but did not directly tell this to Bindusara for fear of displeasing the emperor. Later, he told Ashoka's mother that her son would be the next emperor, and on her advice, left the empire to avoid Bindusara's wrath.{{sfn|John S. Strong|1989|pp=206-27}}{{sfn|Nayanjot Lahiri|2015|p=34}}

== In popular culture ==

* Subhadrangi's/Dharma role was played by [[Pallavi Subhash|Pallavi Subhash Shirke]] in the 2015 TV series, ''[[Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat]]''<ref>{{citation|url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/playing-onscreen-mother-was-a-challenge-pallavi-subhash/525864-44-124.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150202104707/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/playing-onscreen-mother-was-a-challenge-pallavi-subhash/525864-44-124.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 February 2015|title=Playing onscreen mother was a challenge: Pallavi Subhash|publisher=IBN Live|date=31 January 2015}}</ref>
* She was portrayed by [[Subhashini Ali]] in the 2001 film ''[[Aśoka (film)|Aśoka]]''.
* She was portrayed by Prerna Sharma in the 2016 TV [[Chandra Nandini]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{ref begin}}
* {{cite book |author=Ananda W. P. Guruge |author-link=Ananda W. P. Guruge |title=Aśoka, the Righteous: A Definitive Biography |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dwjjAAAAMAAJ |year=1993 |publisher=Central Cultural Fund |isbn=978-955-9226-00-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Joel Tatelman |title=The Glorious Deeds of Purna: A Translation and Study of the Purnavadana |year=2013 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136814938 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QkldAgAAQBAJ }}
* {{cite book | author=John S. Strong | author-link = John S. Strong | title=The Legend of King Aśoka: A Study and Translation of the Aśokāvadāna | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kp9uaQTQ8h8C&pg=PA232 | access-date=30 October 2012 | year=1989 | publisher=[[Motilal Banarsidass]] | isbn=978-81-208-0616-0 }}
* {{cite book |author=Nayanjot Lahiri |title=Ashoka in Ancient India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ_XCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR9 |year=2015 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-05777-7 }}
* {{cite book |author=Radhakumud Mookerji |author-link=Radha Kumud Mukherjee |title=Aśoka |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&pg=PA1 |year=1962 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass |location=Delhi |isbn=978-81-208-0582-8 |edition=3rd revised }}
* {{cite book |author=Romila Thapar |author-link=Romila Thapar |title=Aśoka and the Decline of the Mauryas |year=1961 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pwJuAAAAMAAJ |oclc=736554}}
* {{cite book |author=Upinder Singh |title=A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H3lUIIYxWkEC&pg=PA332 |year=2008 | publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-1120-0 }}
{{ref end}}

[[Category:Mauryan empresses consort]]
[[Category:Family of Ashoka]]

2018 Mumbai Open

2026-01-23T16:56:52Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox tennis event|2018|Mumbai Open|
| date=29 October – 3 November
| edition=2nd
| draw=32S / 16D / 16Q
| surface=[[Hardcourt|Hard]]
| champs={{flagicon|THA}} [[Luksika Kumkhum]]
| champd={{flagicon|RUS}} [[Natela Dzalamidze]] / {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Veronika Kudermetova]]
| prize_money=$125,000
| location=[[Mumbai]], India
| venue=[[Cricket Club of India]]
|after_year = 2024
}}

The '''2018 [[L&T Mumbai Open]]''' was a professional [[tennis]] tournament played on outdoor [[hardcourt|hard courts]]. It was the second edition of the tournament. It was part of the [[2018 WTA 125K series]]. It took place from 29 October to 3 November 2018 at the [[Cricket Club of India]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tennis: Second edition of WTA Mumbai Open to begin from October 27|url=https://scroll.in/field/898938/tennis-second-edition-of-wta-mumbai-open-to-begin-from-october-27|date=21 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=CCI To Host Mumbai Open From October 27|url=https://www.news18.com/news/sports/cci-to-host-mumbai-open-from-october-27-1914091.html|date=19 October 2018}}</ref>

==WTA singles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
! width="70"| Country
! width="175"| Player
! Rank1
! Seed
|-style=
|{{flag|CHN}}
|[[Zheng Saisai]]
|47
|1
|-
|{{flag|SLO}}
|[[Dalila Jakupović]]
|76
|2
|-
|{{flagu|USA}}
|[[Sachia Vickery]]
|95
|3
|-
|{{flag|SRB}}
|[[Olga Danilović]]
|99
|4
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|{{flag|THA}}
|[[Luksika Kumkhum]]
|102
|5
|-
|{{flag|RUS}}
|[[Margarita Gasparyan]]
|109
|6
|-
|{{flag|CHN}}
|[[Zhu Lin (tennis)|Zhu Lin]]
|115
|7
|-
|{{flag|JPN}}
|[[Nao Hibino]]
|116
|8
|}
* 1 Rankings are as of 22 October 2018.

===Other entrants===
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Rutuja Bhosale]]
* {{flagicon|GER}} [[Sabine Lisicki]]
* {{flagicon|HKG}} [[Ng Kwan-yau]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Karman Thandi]]

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
* {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroko Kuwata]]
* {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Tereza Martincová]]
* {{flagicon|POL}} [[Urszula Radwańska]]
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Pranjala Yadlapalli]]

The following players received entry into the main draw as a lucky loser:
* {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Sofia Shapatava]]

===Withdrawals===
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Anna Kalinskaya]] → replaced by {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Lu Jiajing]]
* {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Vera Zvonareva]] → replaced by {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Deniz Khazaniuk]]
* {{flagicon|ISR}} [[Julia Glushko]] → replaced by {{flagicon|GEO}} [[Sofia Shapatava]]

==WTA doubles main-draw entrants==
===Seeds===
{|class="sortable wikitable"
|-
!width="70"| Country
!width="175"| Player
!width="70"| Country
!width="175"| Player
!Rank1
!Seed
|-
|{{flag|SLO}}
|[[Dalila Jakupović]]
|{{flag|RUS}}
|[[Irina Khromacheva]]
|94
|1
|-
|{{flag|JPN}}
|[[Nao Hibino]]
|{{flag|GEO}}
|[[Oksana Kalashnikova]]
|144
|2
|-style="background:#cfc;"
|{{flag|RUS}}
|[[Natela Dzalamidze]]
|{{flag|RUS}}
|[[Veronika Kudermetova]]
|179
|3
|-style="background:#fcc;"
|{{flag|NED}}
|[[Bibiane Schoofs]]
|{{flag|CZE}}
|[[Barbora Štefková]]
|212
|4
|}
* 1 Rankings as of 22 October 2018.

===Other entrants===
The following team received wildcard into the doubles main draw:
* {{flagicon|IND}} [[Mahak Jain]] / {{flagicon|IND}} Mihika Yadav

==Champions==

===Singles===
{{main|2018 Mumbai Open – Singles}}
* {{flagicon|THA}} '''[[Luksika Kumkhum]]''' def. {{flagicon|RUS}} [[Irina Khromacheva]], 1–6, 6–2, 6–3

===Doubles===
{{main|2018 Mumbai Open – Doubles}}
* {{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Natela Dzalamidze]]''' / {{flagicon|RUS}} '''[[Veronika Kudermetova]]''' def. {{flagicon|NED}} [[Bibiane Schoofs]] / {{flagicon|CZE}} [[Barbora Štefková]], 6–4, 7–6(7–4)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://mumbaiopen.in/ Official website]

{{2018 WTA 125K series tournaments}}

[[Category:Mumbai Open|2018]]
[[Category:2018 WTA 125K series|Mumbai Open]]
[[Category:2018 in Indian tennis|Mumbai Open]]

295 (song)

2026-01-19T10:21:26Z

KobyQ0272234: done

{{more citations needed|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
{{Infobox song
| name = 295
| cover =
| alt =
| type = single
| artist = [[Sidhu Moose Wala]]
| album = [[Moosetape]]
| language = [[Music of Punjab|Punjabi]]
| released = {{Start date|2021|7|14}}
| recorded = 2021
| studio =
| genre = [[Progressive hip hop]]
[[Conscious hip hop]]
| length =
| label = Sidhu Moose Wala
| writer = Sidhu Moose Wala
| producer = The Kidd
| prev_title = Calaboose
| prev_year = 2020
| next_title = IDGAF
| next_year = 2022
| misc = {{External music video|{{YouTube|n_FCrCQ6-bA|"295"}}}}
}}
"'''295'''" is a song recorded by Punjabi singer-rapper [[Sidhu Moose Wala]], released on 14 July 2021.<ref name="Times of India">{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/global-chartbuster-after-death-singer-becomes-prophetic-again/articleshow/92265964.cms|title=Global chartbuster after death, Sidhu Moose Wala becomes prophetic again|author=Neel Kamal|date=June 17, 2022|work=Times of India|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> The song was written by Sidhu Moose Wala and produced by The Kidd and was featured on his third studio album ''[[Moosetape]]'' (2021).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kaur |first=Amarjot |date=2022-05-30 |title=Sidhu Moosewala's political commentary in rap |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/sidhu-moosewalas-political-commentary-in-rap/article65475917.ece |access-date=2025-01-30 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> This song matched with his death date 29/5.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sidhu Moosewalas date of death and his songs 295 and The Last Ride: Fans still trying to wrap their heads around uncanny coincidence |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/trending/sidhu-moosewalas-death-date-and-his-songs-295-and-the-last-ride-fans-find-uncanny-coincidence-between-them-399472/ |access-date=2025-01-30 |website=The Tribune |language=en}}</ref>

== Commercial performance ==

"295" peaked at the 62nd position in the [[Canadian Hot 100]] and 37th in the [[Official New Zealand Music Chart|New Zealand Hot 40 Singles]] chart.

In June 2022, following Moose Wala's death, "295" reached 154th in the [[Billboard Global 200]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sidhu Moosewala's '295' song is a global sensation now|url=https://thefederal.com/entertainment/sidhu-moosewalas-295-song-is-a-global-sensation-now/|work=The Federal|access-date=19 July 2022|date=12 July 2022}}</ref> and 73rd in the [[Billboard Global Excl. US]].<ref name="Billboard Excl. US">{{cite magazine |title=Billboard Global Excl. US |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/billboard-global-excl-us/2022-06-18/ |magazine=Billboard |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> It was the first Punjabi artist that entered the Billboard Global 200.<ref name="Times of India"/>

== Charts ==
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"
|+Weekly chart performance for "295"
! scope="col" |Chart (2022)
! scope="col" |Peak position
|-
! scope="row"| Canada ([[Canadian Hot 100]])<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2022-06-18/|title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100|magazine=Billboard|access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref>
| 62
|-
! scope="row" | Global 200 (''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'')<ref>{{cite web|title=Sidhu Moosewala's '295' enters Billboard Global 200 Chart, reaches number three on YouTube|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/sidhu-moosewalas-295-enters-billboard-global-200-chart-reaches-number-three-on-youtube-404693|access-date=19 June 2022|work=Tribune India}}</ref>
| 154
|-
! scope="row" | [[Billboard India Songs|India]] (''Billboard'')<ref name="Billboard India">{{Cite magazine|title=India Songs - Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/india-songs-hotw/2022-07-09/|access-date=19 July 2022|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US}}</ref>
| 1
|-
! scope="row"|New Zealand Hot Singles ([[Recorded Music NZ|RMNZ]])<ref>{{cite web|title=Hot Singles Chart|url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2021-07-23|access-date=19 July 2022 |website=The Official New Zealand Music Chart|language=en}}</ref>
| 37
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Sidhu Moose Wala}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2021 singles]]
[[Category:2021 songs]]
[[Category:Sidhu Moose Wala songs]]

{{2020s-song-stub}}

Khammam Municipal Corporation

2026-01-12T03:36:34Z

KobyQ0272234:

{{Short description|Local civic body in khammam, Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2018}}
{{Infobox legislature
|name = Khammam Municipal Corporation
|coa_pic = manakmc.png
|house_type = Municipal Corporation
|body = Khammam
|leader1_type = [[Mayor]]
|leader1 = Punukollu neeraja
|party1 = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
|leader2_type = [[Deputy Mayor]]
|leader2 = Smt. Fathima Johra
|party2 = [[Telangana Rashtra Samithi|TRS]]
|leader3_type = [[Municipal Commissioner]]
|leader3 = Shri. Abhishek Augustya I.A.S
|website = {{URL|https://khammamcorporation.telangana.gov.in/|Khammam Municipal Corporation}}
}}

The '''Khammam Municipal Corporation''' is a civic body of [[Khammam]] in the [[India]]n state of [[Telangana]]. It was formed on 19 October 2012.<ref name=kmc>{{cite web|title=Khammam Municipal Corporation|url=http://manakmc.com/about-kmc/|website=Official website of Khammam Municipal Corporation|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=11 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211234532/http://manakmc.com/about-kmc/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==History==
The municipality of Khammam was constituted as a ''III–Grade'' in the year 1952. It was then upgraded to ''II–Grade'' in 1959, ''I–Grade'' in 1980 and then to ''Special Grade'' on 18 May 2001.<ref name=kmc/>

The first municipal mayor for Khammam municipal corporation is Shri. Guguloth Papalal.

The first woman mayor for Khammam Municipal Corporation is Smt. Punukollu Neeraja.

==Jurisdiction==
The corporation is spread over an area of {{convert|94.37|km2|abbr=on}} with 51 election wards.<ref>{{cite web|title=Basic Information|url=http://manakmc.com/basic-information/|website=Khammam Municipal Corporation|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=11 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211114843/http://manakmc.com/basic-information/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fourteen villages were merged into the corporation. The merged villages include, Ballepalli, Dwamsalapuram, Edulapuram, Gollagudem, Gudimalla, Gurralapadu, Kaikondaigudem, Khanapuram Haveli, Mallemadugu and Peddathanda, Polepalli, Velugumatla and Venkatagiri.<ref>{{cite news|title=Khammam is a municipal corporation now|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/khammam-is-a-municipal-corporation-now-379571.html|access-date=27 March 2018|work=IBN Live|date=27 June 2011|location=Khammam|archive-date=19 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319030347/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/khammam-is-a-municipal-corporation-now-379571.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Administration==
The corporation is administered by an elected body, headed by a mayor. The corporation population as per the [[2011 Census of India]] was 153,756. The present commissioner of the corporation is G. Venugopal Reddy.<ref>{{cite web|title=General Administration|url=http://manakmc.com/staff-directory-2/|website=Khammam Municipal Corporation|access-date=12 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215233500/http://manakmc.com/staff-directory-2/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Elections==
The first elections for Khammam Municipal Corporation has conducted on 6 March 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=33 per cent voting in Khammam civic polls till 11 a.m.|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/khammam-civic-polls-33-per-cent-voting-till-11-am/article8320490.ece|author=P. Sridhar|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=6 March 2016|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref> Around 68 percent of voters registered for the elections. A total of 291 candidates from TRS, TDP, Congress-CPI combine, CPI (M), YSR Congress, BJP and independents were in the fray for 50 divisions of the civic body. The city has 2,65,710{{clarify|date=March 2019}} registered voters. Counting will be held on 9 March.<ref>{{cite web|title=68 pc voting in Khammam civic poll in Telangana|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/68-pc-voting-in-khammam-civic-poll-in-telangana-116030600548_1.html|work=[[Business Standard]]|date=6 March 2016|access-date=27 March 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Municipal corporations in Telangana}}
{{State Agencies of Telangana}}
{{Municipalities of Telangana}}

{{Telangana}}

[[Category:Municipal corporations in Telangana]]
[[Category:Local government in Telangana]]
[[Category:Khammam]]
[[Category:2012 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]

Bharatpedia:Noticeboard for India-related topics

2025-12-23T04:59:45Z

KobyQ0272234: adding post

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Euphrates (1803 EIC ship)

2025-12-15T16:03:58Z

KobyQ0272234: adding some details v1.

{{Short description|East Indiaman (1803–1813}}
{{other ships|Euphrates (ship)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2018}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
| image =
| image_caption =
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
| country=British East India Company
| flag=[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|60px]]
| name = ''Euphrates''
| namesake =[[Euphrates]]
| owner =*EIC voyage #1:Thomas Hurry<ref name=BL/>
*EIC voyage #2:Henry Cooke<ref name=BL/>
*EIC voyages #3-5:Andrew Timbrell<ref name=BL/>
| operator =
| ordered =
| builder =Francis Hurry & Co., Newcastle-on-Tyne{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=106}}
| original_cost =
| launched =7 June 1803{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=106}}
| acquired =
| commissioned =
| decommissioned =
| in_service =
| out_of_service =
| renamed =
| struck =
| reinstated =
| honours =
| honors =
| captured =
| fate = Wrecked 1 January 1813
| notes =
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
| hide_header =
| header_caption =<ref name=BL/>
| class =
| tons_burthen =590,{{sfnp|Hardy|1820|p=231}} or 596,<ref name=BL>[http://searcharchives.bl.uk/IAMS_VU2:IAMS045-001114965 British Library: ''Euphrates'' ship, 1803-1813.]</ref> or 596{{small|{{frac|50|94}}}},{{sfnp|Hackman|2001|p=106}} or 632<ref name=LoM>{{Cite web |url=http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |title=Letter of Marque, p.62 - accessed 25 July 2017. |access-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020052005/http://www.1812privateers.org/Great%20Britain/marque1793-1815.pdf |archive-date=20 October 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]])
| length =*Overall:{{cvt|127|ft|10|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
*Keel:{{cvt|102|ft|2+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
| beam ={{cvt|33|ft|1+1/2|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
| draught =
| draft =
| hold_depth ={{cvt|13|ft|7|in|m|1|abbr=on}}
| propulsion = Sail
| sail_plan =
| complement =*1803:50<ref name=LoM/>
*1805:55<ref name=LoM/>
| armament =*1803:22 × 12-pounder guns + 4 [[swivel guns]]<ref name=LoM/>
*1805:22 × 12-pounder guns<ref name=LoM/>
| notes =Three decks
}}
}}

'''''Euphrates''''' was launched in 1803 as an [[East Indiaman]]. Between 1803 and 1812 she made four voyages to India for the British [[East India Company]] (EIC). During these voyages she participated as a transport in two military campaigns, the capture of the [[Cape of Good Hope]] and of [[Mauritius]]. She was wrecked in 1813 towards the end of the outward leg of a fifth voyage to India.

==Career==
===EIC voyage #1 (1803–1805)===
Captain George Welstead acquired a [[letter of marque]] on 2 September 1803.<ref name=LoM/> He sailed from Portsmouth on 28 September, bound for [[Chennai|Madras]] and Bengal.<ref name=BL/> ''Euphrates'' reached Madras on 20 February 1804, was at [[Visakhapatnam|Vizagapatam]] on 20 March, and arrived at [[Kolkata|Calcutta]] on 7 April. Homeward bound, she was at [[Sagar Island|Saugor]] on 1 September, and Madras again on 22 September. She reached [[Saint Helena|St Helena]] on 31 December, and arrived at Long Reach on 24 March 1805.<ref name=BL/>

There were two incidents of note on this voyage. As ''Euphrates'' was sailing up the [[Hooghli River]] she grounded. However Welstead was able to get her off. In 1805 [[Lloyd's of London]] presented him with a silver tureen as a thanks for his efforts in refloating her.<ref>''Shipbuilding & Shipping Record: A Journal of Shipbuilding, Marine Engineering, Dock, Harbours & Shipping'', Vol. 68, pp. 134 & 162.</ref>

Then, as ''Euphrates'' was coming into London at the end of her voyage, {{HMS|Utile|1804|6}} [[Impressment|pressed]] eight of her crew. ''Utile'' also lent her eight crew men to work ''Euphrates'' into dock.<ref>''Mariner's Mirror'', Vol. 60, p.91.</ref>

===EIC voyage #2 (1805–1807)===
Captain Philip Herbert acquired a letter of marque on 16 July 1805. ''Euphrates'' then sailed for St Helena, Penang, and Bengal.<ref name=BL/> Outward bound, she was part of a fleet of transports and East Indiamen carrying some 5000 soldiers under the command of Major-general Sir David Baird to attack the Dutch at the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. A small naval squadron under the orders of Commodore Sir [[Home Popham]] escorted the transports.

''Euphrates'' was at Cork on 31 August, and [[Funchal]] on 29 October. She was at St Helena on 13 December, and reached the Cape on 8 March 1806.<ref name=BL/>

{{see also|Transport vessels for the British invasion of the Dutch Cape Colony (1805-1806)}}

''Euphrates'' was at [[Penang]] on 1 June, and arrived at Calcutta on 18 July.<ref name=BL/> She had parted from {{ship||Northumberland|1805 EIC ship|2}} off the [[Andaman Islands]] on 15 July;<ref>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735023?urlappend=%3Bseq=23 ''Lloyd's List'' №4121.]</ref> ''Northumberland'' did not arrive at Calcutta until 4 August.

Homeward bound, ''Euphrates'' was at Saugor on 29 December, reached St Helena on 18 April 1807, and arrived at Blackwall on 5 July.<ref name=BL/>

===EIC voyage #3 (1809–1809)===
Captain Herbert sailed from Portsmouth on 15 April 1808, bound for Madras and Bengal. She reached Madras on 16 August and arrived at [[Diamond Harbour]] on 11 September. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 10 January 1809, reached St Helena on 29 April, and arrived at Blackwall on 17 July.<ref name=BL/>

===EIC voyage #4 (1810–1812)===
Captain Herbert sailed from Portsmouth on 14 March 1810, bound for Madras and Bengal. ''Euphrates'' reached the Cape on 22 May.<ref name=BL/>

She left the Cape on 13 June as part of a convoy that also included the East Indiamen [[Ceylon (1803 ship)|''Ceylon'']], [[Chilean ship Lautaro (1818)|''Windham'']], and ''Astell'', and one other. After ''Euphrates'' struck a rock and started to take on water, she and the fifth Indiaman turned back. In the [[action of 3 July 1810]], the French captured ''Ceylon'' and ''Windham''; ''Astell'' escaped.

''Euphrates'' finally reached Madras on 10 September. There the British government hired her as a transport for its forthcoming [[invasion of Isle de France]].

{{see also|Transport vessels for the British invasions of Île Bourbon and Île de France (1810)}}

''Euphrates'' was at Mauritius on 30 November,<ref name=BL/> together with the other invasion vessels, and the actual invasion took place on 3 December. She returned to Calcutta on 7 April 1811 Calcutta. Homeward bound, she was at Saugor on 2 July.<ref name=BL/>

She and {{ship||Monarch|1800 ship|2}} left Bengal on 6 September.<ref name=LL4650>[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735025?urlappend=%3Bseq=265 ''Lloyd's List'' №4650.]</ref> ''Euphrates'' returned to Madras on 26 September,<ref name=BL/> and she and ''Monarch'' then left on 4 October.<ref name=LL4650/> ''Euphrates'' reached Mauritius on 17 November,<ref name=BL/>
and she and ''Monarch'' left on 19 November.<ref name=LL4650/> ''Euphrates'' reached St Helena on 3 January 1812.<ref name=BL/>

There she and ''Monarch'' joined {{ship||Northampton|1801 ship|2}}, and the three vessels sailed on 21 January with {{HMS|Java|1811|6}} and {{HMS|Madagascar|1811|6}} as escorts.<ref name=LL4650/> At some point the escorts left the Indiamen.

While ''Northampton'', ''Euprates'', and ''Monarch'' were in the Channel, they encountered the British frigate HMS [[HDMS Najaden (1796)|''Nayaden'']], which signaled that a flotilla of five French ships of the line that had [[Allemand's escape from Lorient|escaped from Lorient]] were in the vicinity and that she had exchanged some shots with them. The French, bound for Brest, continued on their route without giving chase.<ref>''Naval Chronicle'', vol. 27, p.254.</ref> ''Monarch'' and ''Euphrates'' arrived at Portsmouth on 23 March. ''Northampton'' arrived at [[The Downs (ship anchorage)|The Downs]] on 30 March. ''Euphrates'' arrived at Blackwall on 3 April.<ref name=BL/>

==Fate==
Captain Philip Herbert sailed from Portsmouth on 14 July 1812, bound for Bengal. ''Euphrates'' was in [[Columbo]] [[Roadstead|Roads]] on 21 December.<ref name=BL/> She left Columbo on 29 December and at 11 p.m. on 1 January 1813 grounded on rocks {{convert|100|yd|m}} off Dondra Head, Ceylon. Weather conditions were favourable so all aboard were able to get to shore. Much of the baggage and some of the cargo was also saved.<ref>''London Chronicle'' Vol. 113, 10 June 1813, p.256.</ref><ref>''[[Lloyd's List]]'' [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735026?urlappend=%3Bseq=97 №4775.]</ref> The EIC put the value of its cargo aboard her at £9,545.<ref>''Reports...'' (1830), Vol 2, p.980.</ref>

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last=Hackman |first=Rowan |year=2001 |title=Ships of the East India Company |location=Gravesend, Kent |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-96-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Hardy |first=Charles |year=1820 |title=A Register of Ships, Employed in the Service of the Honorable the United East India Company, from the Year 1760 to 1819, with an Appendix: Containing a Variety of Particulars and Useful Information, Interesting to Those Concerned with East India Commerce |publisher=(Black, Kingsbury, Parbury and Allen}}
* ''Reports from the Select Committee of the House of Commons appointed to enquire into the present state of the affairs of the East India Company, together with the minutes of evidence, an appendix of documents, and a general index'', (1830).

{{1813 shipwrecks}}

[[Category:1803 ships]]
[[Category:Age of Sail merchant ships of England]]
[[Category:Ships of the British East India Company]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1813]]
[[Category:Ships built by Francis Hurry & Company]]

Rane group

2025-12-15T06:45:54Z

KobyQ0272234: started a stub

{{Short description|Indian industrial conglomerate}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Rane Group
| logo = Rane Group Logo.jpg
| foundation = {{start date and age|1929}}
| location_city = [[Chennai]]
| location_country = India
| homepage = {{url|www.ranegroup.com/}}
}}

The '''Rane Group''' is an Indian industrial conglomerate, headquartered in [[Chennai]]. Beginning as a dealer for automobile, trucks and auto-parts in Madras in the 1920s, Rane has grown to encompass ten different companies as of 2013.

== Scope ==

According to the company's web site, its sales for fiscal 2012–13 were {{INRConvert|52.36|b|lk=r}}.<ref name="Off site about group">{{cite web|url=http://ranegroup.com/about/|title=Rane Group|work=Rane Group Official site|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref>

According to ''The Automotive Horizon'' the company has "dominat[ed] the domestic [Indian] auto component space" for "decades".<ref name="AutoHorizMenon-Outside" />

In 2020 the group had manufacturing facilities in [[Chennai]], [[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]], [[Hyderabad]], [[Mysore]], [[Tumkur]], [[Pantnagar]], [[Bawal]], [[Tiruchirappalli|Trichy]], [[Sanand]].<ref name="BuisStd-20Jun11">{{cite news|title=Rane group to invest Rs 239 cr|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/rane-group-to-invest-rs-239-cr-111062000060_1.html|work=Business Standard|date=20 June 2011|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref> and [[Russellville, Kentucky]]

== Activities ==

In late 2011 the group entered the defense and aerospace market by purchasing a 26% equity stake in SasMos HET Technologies Pvt Ltd. SasMos manufactures interconnection systems (cable harnesses) for various defence and aerospace purposes. Group chairman L. Ganesh was quoted as saying that he foresaw "significant growth opportunities both in India and as an exporter."

The Rane Group was, as of 2012, planning to establish a manufacturing plant outside India.<ref name="AutoHorizMenon-Outside">{{cite web|url=http://automotivehorizon.sulekha.com/rane-group-to-establish-manufacturing-plant-outside_newsitem_5602|title=Rane Group to establish manufacturing plant outside India| first=Jayashankar|last=Menon|work=The Automotive Horizon|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref> Group chairman L. Ganesh was quoted as saying: "We think the time has come to look beyond India, to see if there is more space to grow, and, if it makes sense to manufacture there as well. While our Tier-I products will still continue to be made with our joint venture partners, we are studying global markets to see if it’s feasible to manufacture our Tier-II products such as engine valves there."<ref name="AutoHorizMenon-Outside"/><ref name="Hindu-25Oct12">{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/business/companies/rane-group-looking-at-production-base-abroad/article4031716.ece|title=Rane Group looking at production base abroad|work=The Hindu|date=25 October 2012|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref>
In 2011 the group planned to reinvest around {{INR}}2,392 million, an increase from {{INR}}2,173 million the previous year.<ref name="BuisStd-20Jun11"/> However, in September 2013 the group was reported to have scaled back from a planned investment of about {{INR}}2.50 billion to {{INR}}1.30 billion in both the previous and coming fiscal years, because of economic slowdowns.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rane Group to hold back 50% of Rs 500 crore investments|url=http://zeenews.india.com/business/automobiles/auto-news/rane-group-to-hold-back-50-of-rs-500-crore-investments_83363.html|work=Zee News India|date=5 September 2013|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref>

== Reactions ==

[[Moneycontrol.com]] ran a video story about "succession planning" in the Rane Group, and how "dynastic rules" are accepted in Indian business while they are opposed in politics.<ref name="MC-Making It Big">{{cite news|url=http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/special-videos/making-it-big-the-storyrane-group_679257.html|title=Making it big: The story of Rane Group!|date=13 March 2012|work=moneycontrol.com|publisher=e-Eighteen.com Ltd.|accessdate=5 January 2014}}</ref>

== Group Companies ==

*Rane Holdings Limited
*[[Rane Engine Valve Limited]]
*[[Rane (Madras) Ltd|Rane (Madras) Limited]]
*[[Rane Brake Lining Limited]]
*Rane Diecast Limited
*ZF Rane Automotive India Private Limited
*Rane Steering Systems Private Limited.
*Kar Mobiles Limited
*JMA Rane Marketing Limited
*Rane Holdings America Inc

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.ranegroup.com/ Official site]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rane Group of Companies}}
[[Category:Conglomerate companies established in 1929]]
[[Category:Companies based in Chennai]]
[[Category:Conglomerate companies of India]]
[[Category:Indian brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies established in 1929]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1929]]

Qaba

2025-11-21T08:30:18Z

KobyQ0272234: rework details additionally and fixed typos

{{short description|Long gown}}
[[File:Enthroned person wearing a Qaba dress xith Tiraz armbands, Kashan, late 12th early 13th century CE.jpg|thumb|Enthroned person wearing a Qaba dress with ''[[tiraz]]'' armbands, Kashan, late 12th-early 13th century CE.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Finbarr Barry |title=A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus |date=2017 |publisher=Austrian Academy of Science Press |page=231 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35061254}}</ref>]]
[[File:Maqama 38 Abu Zayd before the Governor of Merv (Governor detail).jpg|thumb|The Governor of [[Merv]], wearing the ''Qaba al-turkiyya'' and the ''[[sharbūsh]]'' hat, in ''[[Maqamat al-Hariri]]'' (1200-1210).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Keresztély |first1=Kata |title=Fiction Painting : a Medieval Arabic Tradition |date=14 December 2018 |page=351 |url=https://www.academia.edu/82691611}}</ref><ref name="MET2">{{cite book |title=The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261 |date=1997 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-0-87099-777-8 |pages=428–429 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Caqa12aj55wC&pg=PA428 |language=en}}</ref>]]
A '''''qaba''''' ({{langx|fa|قبا‎|qabā}}, from Middle Persian ''kabāh⁠'') is a long coat with sleeves and buttons, similar to a [[cassock]], open at the front.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Finbarr Barry |title=A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus |date=2017 |publisher=Austrian Academy of Science Press |page=231 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35061254}}</ref>

The [[Mughal emperors]] wore ankle-length garments. The outfits during the reign of [[Babur]] and [[Humayun]] are more or less the same, i.e. qaba, [[jama (coat)|jama]], [[Perahan o tunban|pirahan]], jilucha, jiba and kasaba. Unlike the jama, which was a four-pointed long-coat the Qaba and takauchia were of a broad girth at the bottom. There are mentions of the qaba in the ''[[Baburnama]]''. At present, qaba is one of the essential parts of the [[clerical clothing|dress]] of the [[mullah|clerics or mosque leaders]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Balslev|first=Sivan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cYKFDwAAQBAJ&dq=qaba+persian&pg=PA208|title=Iranian Masculinities: Gender and Sexuality in Late Qajar and Early Pahlavi Iran|date=2019-03-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-47063-6|pages=208|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Johnson|first=Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7OpLAAAAcAAJ|title=A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English|date=1852|publisher=Allen|pages=254|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zE_YAAAAMAAJ|title=Islamic Thought and Scientific Creativity: A Quarterly Journal of the COMSTECH.|date=1992|publisher=COMSTECH|pages=66|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Lal, Kishori Saran, 1920-|title=The Mughal harem|date=1988|publisher=Aditya Prakashan|isbn=81-85179-03-4|location=New Delhi|oclc=18431844}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Agre|first=Jagat Vir Singh|title=Social Life as Reflected in the Rajput Painting During the Mughal Period|date=1976|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44139028|journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress|volume=37|pages=569–575|jstor=44139028|issn=2249-1937}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-09-09|title=India. The Mughal Empire. Costume and fashion history.|url=https://world4.eu/indian-mughal-empire-costumes/|access-date=2021-01-29|website=World4|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="indiatimes">{{cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/columnists/namrata-zakaria/who-made-my-clothes/articleshow/72233444.cms|website=mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com|title=Who made my clothes?|date=2019-11-26|author=Namrata Zakaria|access-date=2021-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-07-20|title=تاریخچه لباس روحانیت|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/2781816/تاریخچه-لباس-روحانیت|access-date=2021-01-29|website=خبرگزاری مهر {{!}} اخبار ایران و جهان {{!}} Mehr News Agency|language=fa}}</ref> It was worn in Egypt, Turkey, the Levant, and Persia, among other places.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stillman |first=Yedida K. |title=Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times |date=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11373-2 |editor-last=Stillman |editor-first=Norman A. |edition=Revised 2nd |series=Themes in Islamic studies |location=Leiden |pages=}}</ref>

When [[Henry II, Count of Champagne]], [[king of Jerusalem]], tried to build a friendly relationship with [[Saladin]], he requested the gift of a qabā and a [[sharbūsh]]', which he wore in [[Acre, Israel|Acre]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gabrieli |first1=Francesco |title=Arab Historians of the Crusades |publisher=University of California Press |page=242 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbL0S4ev07MC&pg=PA242 |language=en |quote=When the King of England left for home, Henry sent a messenger to Saladin to conciliate him and win his goodwill. He asked him for the gift of a robe of honor, and said: "You know that to put on the ''qabā'' and the ''sharbūsh'' is not approved among us, but I would put them on if they came from you, because of the regard I have for you." Saladin sent him sumtuous robes of honour, among them a qaba and a sharbush, and he wore them in Acre. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mayer |first1=Leo Ary |title=Mamluk Costume: A Survey |date=1952 |publisher=A. Kundig |pages=27–28 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OrffAAAAMAAJ |quote=Moreover, the wearing of the sharbish and qaba was considered so characeristic for a Saracenic amire that even a Crusader was prepared to don it in order to show some sort of friendship (if not allegiance) to Saladin.}}</ref>

In Arab contexts, two main variations were noted; the Turkish style (''al-aqbiya al-turkiyya''), and the Tatar (or Mongolian) style (''al-aqbiya al-tatariyya'' or ''qabā' tatarī''). The latter fastened on the wearer's right side, and was preferred by Mamluk amirs in its day over the former style, which was favored by the [[Seljuk dynasty|Seljuks]] and [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubids]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Stillman |first=Yedida K. |title=Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times |date=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11373-2 |editor-last=Stillman |editor-first=Norman A. |edition=Revised 2nd |series=Themes in Islamic studies |location=Leiden |pages=63}}</ref> Also notable is a variation, typically with a v shaped neck, that closed center front.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stillman |first=Yedida K. |title=Arab dress: a short history; from the dawn of Islam to modern times |date=2003 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11373-2 |editor-last=Stillman |editor-first=Norman A. |edition=Revised 2nd |series=Themes in Islamic studies |location=Leiden |pages=353}}</ref> The garment typically had awaist seamm and some depictions indicate a gathered skirt. It was fastened with buttons or strings tied in bows, and most commonly worn with a belt over top.<ref name=":0" />

== See also ==
* [[Ammama]]
* [[Chiltah]]
* [[Terlig]]
* [[Jama (coat)|Jama]]

== Gallery ==
<gallery mode="traditional">
File:Royal drinking scene in the Dukhang at Alchi Monastery, circa 1200 CE.jpg|Royal drinking scene in the Dukhang at [[Alchi Monastery]], circa 1200 CE. The king wears a decorated Qabā'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Flood |first1=Finbarr Barry |title=A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus |date=2017 |publisher=Austrian Academy of Science Press |page=243 |url=https://www.academia.edu/35061254}}</ref>
File:Humayun (left) with his father Babur (right), painted circa 1640 (Late Shah Jahan Album).jpg|Babur and his heir [[Humayun]]
File:Fírúz Jang Khán Ruler of Bijapur..jpg|Late 17th century portrait of Fírúz Jang Khán, ruler of Bijapur
File:Costume of India - Moguls.jpg|Late 19th century "Costume of India - Moguls" picture depicting Mogul woman (upper left), Mogul Emperor Farrukhsiyar (center) died 1719, and Emperor Humayun (upper right), died in 1556
File:The vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735 Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris.jpg|Vizier Qamar ud-Din circa 1735
File:Studio portrait of a Mogul father with his children at Delhi, by Shepherd and Robertson.jpg|Portrait of "Mogul" father with his children in Delhi (Shepherd & Robertson) circa 1863
File:Arabischer Maler um 1335 004.jpg|[[Maqamat of Al-Hariri (manuscript)|Maqamat of Al-Hariri]].
File:Page from the manuscript of Nihayat al-Sawl; Egypt, Mamluk era, 15th cent.; Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo (4).jpg|Page from the manuscript of Nihayat al-Sawl; Egypt, Mamluk era, 15th cent.; Museum of Islamic Art, Cairo.
File:Polo players painted onto glass with enemal and gold paint Egypt or Syria about 1300 8428.jpg|Polo players painted onto glass with enamel and gold paint Egypt or Syria about 1300.
File:Enameled and Gilded Bottle MET ISL158.jpg|Enameled and Gilded Bottle.
File:Enameled and Gilded Bottle MET is41.150.AV1.jpg|Enameled and Gilded Bottle.
</gallery>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Clothing in South Asia}}

[[Category:Coats (clothing)]]
[[Category:Indian clothing]]
[[Category:Iranian clothing]]

{{clothing-stub}}

Parashor Barma

2025-11-20T15:13:00Z

KobyQ0272234: started info

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}}
{{Infobox character
| name =
| series = Parashor
| image =
| caption =
| first = ''Goyenda Kobi Parashor'' (1932)
| last = ''Ghanada O Dui Doshor Mamababu O Parashar''(1989)
| creator = [[Premendra Mitra]]
| portrayer =
| lbl1 =
| data1 =
| lbl2 = [[Friend|Friend(s)]]
| data2 = {{plainlist|
* Krittibas Bhadra}}
| lbl3 =
| data3 =
| nickname = Parashor
| occupation = [[Detective]], [[Poet]]
| title = Barma
| family =
| relatives =
| religion = [[Hindu]]
| nationality = Indian
| gender = Male
| lbl4 = Residence
| data4 =
| full_name =
}}
'''Parashor Barma''' is a [[Fictional detectives|fictional detective]] character made by [[Bengali language|Bengali]] writer [[Premendra Mitra]]. First Parashor story is ''Goyenda Kobi Parashor'' (Parashor, the Poet-Detective) and was published in 1932.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Parasar Samagra (Bengali)|last=Premendra Mitra|publisher=Ananda Publishers Pvt. Ltd|year=2004|isbn=8177563653|location=Kolkata}}</ref>

== Character ==
Although Parashor is a detective, his passion is poetry. Parashor never identifies himself as an investigator. The narrator of Parashor stories, Krittibas Bhadra, the editor of a magazine, is the friend of Parashor. According to Krittibas, Parashar is moody, jovial, little eccentric and a horrible poet, but a true genius.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dey |first=Anindita |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hYBTEAAAQBAJ&dq=Parashor+Barma&pg=PA173 |title=Sherlock Holmes, Byomkesh Bakshi, and Feluda: Negotiating the Center and the Periphery |date=2021-12-27 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4985-1211-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangla |first=Jiyo |date=28 November 2020 |title=কবিতা লিখতে লিখতে রহস্যের সমাধান করে ফেলেন এই 'অন্যরকম' গোয়েন্দা - জিয়ো বাংলা |url=https://www.jiyobangla.com/bn/news/bengali-fictional-detective-parashar-barma |access-date=13 March 2025 |website=JiyoBangla |language=Bengali}}</ref> Although his actions seem capricious and pointless to the reader (and even to Krittibas who often feels disgusted with his genius friend's caprices) at the beginning, he comes up with an unexpected solution at the end of each mystery. He can even solve a serious mystery while reading out his nonsense poems.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/LibY45l3PWg0B2DYI8SsCN/Calcutta-noir.html|title=Calcutta noir|last=Shamik Bag|website=livemint.com|date=17 January 2015 |access-date=4 June 2017}}</ref>

== Books and stories ==
Premendra Mitra wrote a good number of [[Detective fiction]]s of Parashor Barma, some of are:
* ''Goyenda Kobi Parashor'' (Detective-Poet Parashor)
* ''Hippie Songe Parashor Barma'' (Parashor Barma in [[Hippie]] Company)
* ''Cluber naam kumati'' (The Club named Kumati)
* ''Nilem daklo parashor Barma'' (Parashor Called an Auction)
* ''Premer Chokhe Parashor'' (Parashor in the Eye of Love)
* ''Haar manlen Parashor Barma''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Har manlen Parashar Barma|last=Premendra Mitra|publisher=Mitra o Ghosh Publishers|year=1972|location=Kolkata}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SG4QtwAACAAJ|title=Har manlen parashar barma|last=Premendra Mitra|year=1972|access-date=3 September 2017}}</ref>
* ''Parashor Barma O Bhanga Radio'' (Parashor Barma and the Broken Radio)
* ''Parashor Barma O Ashlil Boi'' (Parashor Barma and a Obscene Book)
* ''Parashor Ebar Johuri'' (Parashor the Jeweler)
* ''Anke kancha Parashor Barma''(Parashor Barma's math is poor)
* ''Wrong number''<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rahasyavedi Parashor (Bengali)|last=Premendra Mitra|publisher=Pragati Library|year=1983|location=Kolkata}}</ref>
'''Two [[GhanaDa]] tales also include Parashar Barma''' :<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ghanada.wixsite.com/ghanada-gallery/short-stories-from-the-1980s|title=Parashare Ghanaday|website=ghanada.wixsite.com|access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
* ''Parasharey Ghanaday''
* ''Ghanada Phirlen''
* ''Ghanada O Dui Doshor Mamababu O Parashar''(1989)

===Anthology===
* ''Parashor Samagra''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Premendra Mitra}}
{{Bengali detective characters}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Barma, Parashor}}
[[Category:Fictional Bengali people]]
[[Category:Culture of Kolkata]]
[[Category:Fictional Hindus]]
[[Category:Fictional private investigators]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian detectives]]
[[Category:Fictional Indian people in literature]]
[[Category:Fictional amateur detectives]]
[[Category:Male characters in literature]]

Lakhnaur

2025-11-17T16:59:10Z

KobyQ0272234: started some stub basic info...

{{More citations needed|date=March 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Lakhnaur
| settlement_type = Village
| pushpin_map = India Bihar#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bihar, India
| coordinates = {{coord|26.19|N|86.29|E|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Bihar]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Madhubani district|Madhubani]]
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title2 = Spoken
| demographics1_info2 = [[Maithili language|Maithili]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code = 847403
| website = {{URL|www.lakhnaur.in}}

}}
'''Lakhnaur '''is a village located near [[Jhanjharpur]] (a subdivision in the [[Madhubani district]]). It is located 15 km from the [[Koshi River]], in the [[states of India|state]] of [[Bihar]], [[India]]. The [[local language]] is [[Maithili language|Maithili]].

The land is fertile, supporting the growth of [[mango]], [[orchid]]s, [[rice]], [[wheat]]s, and [[Euryale ferox|makhana]]. There are also [[fish pond]]s. Nearby is the Badka Mahadev [[Lord Shiva]] [[temple]], known for its [[mythology|mythological]] stories.

Lakhnaur has its own website, which is moderated by some villagers. In this block a popular village umari where 5 pound available{{clarify|date=March 2023}} and a great exporter of fish and Laufa haat is very famous where people purchase cow and buffalo.

== Educational Institutions ==
* Middle school, Lakhnaur
* Girls' school, Lakhnaur
* Dharawati high school, Lakhnaur
* Girls' high school, Lakhnaur
* Sanskrit school, Lakhnaur
* Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya,<ref>http://samagra.mhrd.gov.in/kgbv.html</ref> Lakhnaur

== Places to visit ==
* Radha Krishna Mandir, Lakhnaur
* Baba Lakshminath Gosai Kuti, Lakhnaur
* Sita Ram Mandir, Lakhnaur
* Baba Somnath Mahadev Mandir, Lakhnaur
* Baba Bhuteshwar Nath Mandir, Lakhnaur
* Baba Dihvar Sthan, Lakhnaur
* Maa Durga Sthan, Lakhnaur

== Popular crossroads ==
* Dihvar chowk, Lakhnaur
* Ram chowk, Lakhnaur
* Bans chowk, Lakhnaur
* Mahakal chowk, Lakhnaur
* Durgasthan chowk, Lakhnaur

== Popular ponds ==
* Pakka Pokhair, Lakhnaur
* Bhavansar, Lakhnaur
* Baidaka Pokhair, Lakhnaur
* Navi Pokhair, Lakhnaur
* Bhutta Pokhair, Lakhnaur

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* http://www.lakhnaur.in/<nowiki/>{{coord|26.202|86.309|type:city_region:IN|display=title}}
* https://villageinfo.in/bihar/madhubani/lakhnaur/lakhnaur.html
* https://www.facebook.com/lakhnaur.in/

[[Category:Villages in Madhubani district]]

Khema

2025-11-03T07:36:05Z

KobyQ0272234: added some pg more to come.

{{short description|Foremost female disciple of Gautama Buddha, Buddhist nun}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}}
{{use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| religion = [[Buddhism]]
| birth_date = 6th century BCE
| teacher = [[Gautama Buddha]]
| spouse = [[King Bimbisara]]
| title = Chief Female Disciple
| birth_place = [[Sagala]] (Present day [[Sialkot]], [[Punjab, Pakistan]])<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thakur|first=Amarnath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3PLpwruJJQC&q=Sialkot&pg=PA81|title=Buddha and Buddhist Synods in India and Abroad|date=1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-317-5|pages=81|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Buswell|first1=Robert E. Jr.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGmYDwAAQBAJ&q=khema+born+sagala|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|last2=Lopez|first2=Donald S. Jr.|date=2013-11-24|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|pages=447|language=en}}</ref>
}}
{{buddhism}}
{{Early Buddhism}}
'''Khema''' ([[Pali]]: Khemā; [[Sanskrit]]: Kṣemā) was a Buddhist [[Bhikkhunī|''bhikkhuni'']], or nun, who was one of the top female disciples of [[Gautama Buddha|the Buddha]].<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Nyanaponika|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbfmHoSYVQAC&q=khema+disciple+buddha|title=Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy|last2=Hecker|first2=Hellmuth|date=2012-01-30|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-864-1|pages=23|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Thera|first=Ven Narada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z-sbEAAAQBAJ&q=Khem%C4%81&pg=PA275|title=Buddha and His Teachings, The|date=2017-06-10|publisher=Pariyatti|isbn=978-1-68172-060-9|pages=275|language=en}}</ref> She is considered the first of the Buddha's two [[Śrāvaka#Foremost disciples|chief female disciples]], along with [[Uppalavanna]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Emmanuel|first=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWPpk8eDPf4C&q=khema+disciple+buddha|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|date=2013-01-22|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-32388-5|pages=458|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Asaṅga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W_8ucGq5begC&q=khema+uppalavanna+first|title=On Knowing Reality: The Tattvārtha Chapter of Asaṅga's Bodhisattvabhūmi|date=2002|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishers|isbn=978-81-208-1106-5|pages=64|language=en}}</ref> Khema was born into the royal family of the ancient Kingdom of [[Madra Kingdom|Madra]], and was the wife of [[Bimbisara|King Bimbisara]] of the ancient Indian kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]]. Khema was convinced to visit the Buddha by her husband, who hired poets to sing about the beauty of the monastery he was staying at to her. She attained enlightenment as a laywoman while listening to one of the Buddha's sermons, considered a rare feat in Buddhist texts. Following her attainment, Khema entered the monastic life under the Buddha as a ''bhikkhuni''. According to Buddhist tradition, the Buddha declared her his female disciple foremost in [[Paññā|wisdom]]. Her male counterpart was [[Sariputta]].

== Background ==
In Buddhist belief, when a fully enlightened [[Buddha (title)|Buddha]] appears in the world, he always has a set of chief disciples.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20Companion%20to%20Buddhist%20Philosophy_Emmanuel.pdf|title=A companion to Buddhist philosophy|others=Emmanuel, Steven M.|date=22 January 2013|isbn=978-1-118-32391-5|location=Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom|pages=455|oclc=809845201|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=28 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828131053/http://www.ahandfulofleaves.org/documents/A%20Companion%20to%20Buddhist%20Philosophy_Emmanuel.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> For the current Buddha, [[Gautama Buddha|Gautama]], his chief male disciples were [[Sariputta]] and [[Maudgalyayana|Moggallana]], while his chief female disciples were Khema and [[Uppalavanna]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/buddha-teachingsurw6.pdf|title=The Buddha and His Teachings|last=Mahathera|first=Naranda|publisher=Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc|year=1998|location=Taiwan|pages=235|access-date=26 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826174309/http://www.buddhanet.net/pdf_file/buddha-teachingsurw6.pdf|archive-date=26 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to Theravada commentaries, in a previous life Khema was born a woman in the time of [[Padumuttara Buddha|Padumattara Buddha]] and encountered Padumattara Buddha's chief male disciple foremost in wisdom. The woman then makes an offering to the monk and makes a [[Adhiṭṭhāna|resolution]] to have wisdom like his under a future Buddha. Ānandajoti Bhikkhu notes that this commentary story stands out compared to stories of other nuns because she makes the wish after seeing a chief male disciple rather than a chief female disciple. However, in the [[Apadāna]] texts the woman is described as having made the resolution after seeing Padumattara Buddha appoint a nun his chief female disciple. This wish came true in the time of Gautama Buddha, when she was reborn as Khema.<ref name=":0" />

== Biography ==

=== Early life and marriage ===
According to Buddhist tradition, Khema was born in the city of [[Sagala]] as the daughter of the king of the [[Madra Kingdom]], located in modern day [[Sialkot]] in [[Punjab, Pakistan]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Thakur|first=Amarnath|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K3PLpwruJJQC&q=Sialkot&pg=PA81|title=Buddha and Buddhist Synods in India and Abroad|date=1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-317-5|pages=81|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jr|first1=Robert E. Buswell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGmYDwAAQBAJ&q=khema+born+sagala|title=The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism|last2=Jr|first2=Donald S. Lopez|date=2013-11-24|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-15786-3|pages=447|language=en}}</ref><ref name="dict_pali_names">{{Cite web |url=http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/ku/khemaa.htm |title=Dictionary of Pali Proper Names |access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225030421/http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/ku/khemaa.htm |archive-date=25 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=21|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> Her name means "security" and is sometimes used as a synonym for [[Nirvana (Buddhism)|Nirvana]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PbfmHoSYVQAC|title=Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy|last1=Nyanaponika|last2=Hecker|first2=Hellmuth|date=30 January 2012|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-864-1|pages=263–269|language=en|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924124422/http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=24 September 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Khema was described as being immensely beautiful and having a radiant golden complexion.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Portraits of Buddhist women: stories from the Saddharmaratnāvaliya|last1=Dharmasēna|last2=Obeyesekere|first2=Ranjini|date=2001|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0-7914-5111-3|location=Albany|pages=202|language=en|oclc=46937658}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> When she came of age she married [[Bimbisara|King Bimbisara]] of the kingdom of [[Magadha (Mahajanapada)|Magadha]] and became one of his chief royal consorts.<ref name=":2" />

=== Meeting the Buddha ===
As a chief consort of the king, Khema developed a strong attachment to her beauty and became very vain. As a devout Buddhist himself, King Bimbisara tried multiple times to get his wife to visit the Buddha but Khema always refused. Khema had a strong attachment to her looks and knew the Buddha found fault with physical beauty. Knowing Khema loved beautiful things, King Bimbisara hired poets to recite poems in front of Khema describing the beauty of the monastery the Buddha was staying at in order to entice her to visit.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last=Bansal|first=Sunita Pant|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaBW8Ao-18oC|title=On the Footsteps of Buddha|date=2006|publisher=Smriti Books|isbn=9788187967736|pages=342|language=en|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318222954/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaBW8Ao-18oC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Foremost-Elder-Nuns/Foremost-Elder-Nuns.pdf|title=The Stories About the Foremost Elder Nuns|last=Ānandajoti|first=Bhante|year=2017|location=Singapore|pages=23–33|access-date=1 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929035251/https://www.ancient-buddhist-texts.net/English-Texts/Foremost-Elder-Nuns/Foremost-Elder-Nuns.pdf|archive-date=29 September 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> Hearing about the beauty of the monastery, Khema became curious and went to visit the monastery.<ref name=":3" /> In order to ensure that Khema encounter the Buddha, King Bimbisara ordered the guards accompanying her to guide the Queen to the Buddha.<ref name=":0" />

As Khema toured the monastery and approached the main hall the Buddha was staying in, the Buddha read her mind and used [[Abhijñā|psychic powers]] to conjure up an image of a woman even more beautiful than her to appear fanning him.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Stunned by the beautiful woman, Khema thought she was mistaken about the Buddha disparaging beauty.<ref name=":2" /> As Khema fixated on the image of the beautiful woman, the Buddha aged the image before her eyes, from youth, middle age, old age and then death. Seeing the image of the beautiful woman age and die, Khema realized she too must share the same fate.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaBW8Ao-18oC|title=Thailand: Buddhism, Society, and Women|last=Kapur-Fic|first=Alexandra R.|date=1998|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=9788170173601|pages=342|language=en|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=18 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318222954/https://books.google.com/books?id=kaBW8Ao-18oC|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The Buddha then preached to her about the impermanence of beauty until she attained [[Sotāpanna|stream-entry]], a level of enlightenment. The Buddha then continued to preach to her about the problems of attachment to worldly desires until she attained [[arahantship]].<ref name=":2" /> Following the attainment she joined the Buddha's monastic community and became a ''[[Bhikkhunī|bhikkhuni]]''.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" />{{refn|In some sources, such as the ''[[Apadāna]]'', she attains stream-entry and then becomes an ''arahant'' seven months after becoming a ''bhikkhuni''.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |last1=Walters |first1=Jonathan |title=Thi ap.18 |url=https://suttacentral.net/thi-ap18/en/walters |website=SuttaCentral |access-date=18 July 2020 |archive-date=18 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718184006/https://suttacentral.net/thi-ap18/en/walters |url-status=live }}</ref>|name=|group=note}} Buddhist writer Susan Murcott notes that the story of Khema's enlightenment is a rare case of a laywoman attaining enlightenment ''before'' becoming a monastic.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XQ4bBAAAQBAJ|title=First Buddhist Women: Poems and Stories of Awakening|last=Murcott|first=Susan|date=14 February 2006|publisher=Parallax Press|isbn=978-1-888375-54-1|pages=78–80|language=en|access-date=30 September 2019|archive-date=6 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220506231155/https://books.google.com/books?id=XQ4bBAAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Chief disciple ===
After going forth as a ''bhikkhuni'', Buddhist texts state that Khema became known for her [[Paññā|wisdom]].<ref name=":5" /> In the ''Khema Sutta'', she famously preached to [[Pasenadi|King Pasenadi]] on the issue of the existence of the Buddha after death, explaining that the Buddha is [[The unanswered questions|unfathomable]] and that defining him as existing or not existing after death is impossible. King Pasenadi later asks the same questions to the Buddha himself who, to the king's amazement, answers the same way Khema did.<ref name=":2" /> Khema taught her friend Vijayā, leading her to become a nun as well, after which she soon became an arahant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/vy/vijayaa_theri.htm|title=Vijayā Therī|website=www.palikanon.com|access-date=2020-03-28|archive-date=25 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125224432/http://www.palikanon.com/english/pali_names/vy/vijayaa_theri.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=20, footnote 12|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> At one point after her ordination, [[Mara (Buddhism)|Mara]] attempted to guide Khema away from the monastic life. Mara takes the form of a young man and attempts to seduce her, but in a drastic shift from her previous conceit, Khema describes her disgust for the human body and explains that she has moved beyond any attachment to the senses.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> She is also associated with several figures in a variety of [[jataka]] tales and stories set in the time of the previous Buddhas, where her previous existences are often shown as being kind and wise.<ref name="dict_pali_names" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Emmanuel|first=Steven M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ|title=A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy|date=2015-11-23|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-119-14466-3|pages=458|language=en|access-date=18 October 2020|archive-date=23 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323185852/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_lmCgAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> In one jataka tale, she is even the wife of the [[bodhisattva]] who would become Gautama Buddha, a role in the jataka tales that is rare for figures other than [[Yaśodharā|Yasodhara]].<ref name=":4" />

The Buddha designated Khema the female disciple foremost in wisdom ([[Pali]]: ''etadaggaṁ mahāpaññānaṁ'').<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Nyanaponika|url=http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf|title=Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy|last2=Hecker|first2=Hellmuth|date=2012-01-30|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-0-86171-864-1|pages=381|language=en|access-date=3 October 2019|archive-date=24 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924124422/http://promienie.net/images/dharma/books/sutras_great-disciples-of-the-buddha.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Buddha also praised her for her teaching and leadership skills, declaring Khema and [[Uppalavanna]] his chief female disciples that other nuns should take as their model. Uppalavanna and Khema share the title of chief disciples with their male counterparts, [[Maudgalyayana|Maha Moggallana]] and [[Sariputta]].<ref name=":2" />

== Legacy ==
Khema is regarded as an accomplished disciple of the Buddha, holding the same position among the nuns as Sariputta did among the monks.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=19|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> Supakwadee Amatayakul notes that Khema is mentioned in the [[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]] as one of the thirteen female disciples of the Buddha and in the [[Therīgāthā|Therigatha]] as one of the seventy three [[Bhikkhunī|bhikkhunis]], each to whom a set of verses is dedicated.<ref name=":5">{{Citation |last=Amatayakul |first=Supakwadee |title=Khema of Great Wisdom from India खेमा Circa 563 BCE–483 BCE |date=2023 |work=Women Philosophers from Non-western Traditions: The First Four Thousand Years |pages=103–114 |editor-last=Waithe |editor-first=Mary Ellen |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28563-9_6 |access-date=2025-11-01 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-28563-9_6 |isbn=978-3-031-28563-9 |editor2-last=Boos Dykeman |editor2-first=Therese|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Sanskrit and Pali scholar Gisela Krey notes that Khema spiritually surpassed her husband, King Bimbisara, who got no farther than [[Sotāpanna|stream-entry]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=17–40|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> According to German [[Pali]] scholar Hellmuth Hecker, Khema's unusually fast attainment of ''arahantship'' was no accident, but was something she earned from the great [[Merit (Buddhism)|merit]] that she accumulated over numerous lifetimes, as described in the [[jatakas]].<ref name=":2" /> Anthropologist Ranjini Obeyesekere notes that of the Buddha's two pairs of chief disciples, each pair had one disciple that was dark-skinned ([[Maudgalyayana|Maha Moggallana]] and [[Uppalavanna]]) and one disciple that was light-skinned ([[Sariputta]] and Khema). Obeyesekere argues that this pairing is meant to symbolize the inclusiveness of the Buddha's teachings, that the Dhamma is meant for people of all colors and classes.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dharmasēna, Thera, active 13th century.|title=Portraits of Buddhist women : stories from the Saddharmaratnāvaliya|date=2001|publisher=State University of New York Press|others=Obeyesekere, Ranjini.|isbn=0-7914-5111-9|location=Albany|pages=109–110|oclc=46937658}}</ref>

Murcott argues that Khema's exchange with a powerful king such as King Pasenadi in the ''Khema Sutta'' shows how well respected she was, given that society at the time did not even allow female nuns to teach male monks.<ref name=":1" /> Krey makes a similar argument, stating that of the scenarios involving women in Buddhist texts, the scenario where a woman is teaching a man is the most rare.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=24|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> In the ''Khema Sutta,'' King Pasenadi's servant talks about reports spreading of Khema's great wisdom and King Pasenadi himself acknowledges Khema's superiority to him by paying respect to her.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=24–25, 29|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref> Krey argues that Khema's mastery of the Dhamma as shown in teaching the ''Khema Sutta'', as well as the acknowledgment of her wisdom by contemporary figures, provides evidence that women could reach the same level of spiritual development as men.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Krey|first=Gisela|date=2010-09-04|title=On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā|url=https://www.equinoxpub.com/journals/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|journal=Buddhist Studies Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=37–38|doi=10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17|issn=0265-2897|access-date=28 March 2020|archive-date=6 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606020126/https://journals.equinoxpub.com/index.php/BSR/article/view/8560|url-status=live|doi-access=free}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Sravaka]]
* [[Prajñā (Buddhism)|Paññā]]
* [[Sariputta]]
* [[Uppalavanna]]

== Notes ==
<references group="note" responsive="1"></references>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

* [https://suttacentral.net/sn44.1/en/bodhi Khema Sutta] – The exchange between Khema and King Pasenadi on the subject of the existence of a Buddha after death.

{{Buddhism topics}}
{{Gautama Buddha}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Foremost female disciples of Gautama Buddha]]
[[Category:Arhats]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of death unknown]]
[[Category:Ancient Indian women]]
[[Category:Buddhist nuns]]
[[Category:6th-century BC women]]
[[Category:6th-century BC Indian people]]

Jodhpur railway division

2025-10-25T05:51:48Z

KobyQ0272234: basic reworked intro to improve readability and improved wording per sources

{{Short description|Railway division of India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox rail
| railroad_name = Jodhpur railway division
| logo_filename =
| logo_size =
| system_map = Indianrailwayzones-numbered.png
| map_caption = 11-North Western Railway
| map_size =
| marks =
| image =
| image_size =
| image_caption =
| locale = Rajasthan
| start_year = {{start date and age|1951}}
| end_year =
| predecessor_line = [[Northern Railway zone]]
| successor_line =
| gauge = Mixed
| old_gauge =
| electrification =
| length =
| hq_city = [[Jodhpur Junction railway station]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Jodhpur railway division''' is one of the four railway divisions under the jurisdiction of [[North Western Railway zone]] of the [[Indian Railways]].<ref name="zones_and_divisions">{{cite web |title=Railway Zones and Divisions in The Country |url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=168812. |website=Press Information Bureau |publisher=Ministry of Railways (Government of India) |access-date=1 January 2025 |date=21 July 2017}}</ref> This railway division was formed on 5 November 1951 as a part of [[Northern Railway zone]] and its headquarters are located at [[Jodhpur]] in the state of Rajasthan of India.

[[Jaipur railway division]], [[Bikaner railway division]] and [[Ajmer railway division]] are the other three railway divisions under NWR Zone headquartered at [[Jaipur]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zones and their Divisions in Indian Railways |url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |work=Indian Railways |access-date=13 January 2016 |format=[[PDF]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319003737/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/ir_zones.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,261 |title=Jodhpur Railway Division |access-date=13 January 2016 |website=[[Railway Board]] |publisher=[[Western Railway zone]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031916/http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0%2C1%2C261 |archive-date= 4 March 2016 }}</ref>

== Rail transport infrastructure ==
The zone has the following [[Locomotives_of_India|types of locomotive engines]]:
(Legends: W - broad gauge, D - diesel, G - goods, M - mixed, P - passenger)
* [[Bhagat Ki Kothi railway station]] (BGKT) sheds at Jodhpur: WDM2, WDG's, WDP4's, WDM3A's
[[File:Jodhpur railway station in Jodhpur city, Rajasthan 27.jpg|left|thumb|Jodhpur railway station]]

== Medical Facilities ==
For the employees and their families, the division also has the following healthcare facilities:
* Zonal Hospitals
** [[Jaipur Zonal Railway Hospital]] near [[Jaipur Junction railway station]]
* Divisional Hospitals
** [[Jodhpur Divisional Railway Hospital]] near [[Jodhpur Junction railway station]]
* Sub-Divisional Hospitals
** [[Udaipur Sub-Divisional Railway Hospital]] near [[Rana Pratap Nagar railway station]] at Udaipur (Jodhpur division)
* Health Units, several (total 29 across the whole division, including 3 other zones)
* First Aid Posts, unknown (no more than a total of two across the whole zone)

== Training ==
The zone has the following training institutes:
# Divisional Training Centre(Engineering), Jodhpur
# Carriage & Wagon Training Centre, Jodhpur
# Diesel Traction Training Centre, Bhagat Ki Kothi, Jodhpur
# Personnel Training Centre, Jodhpur
# Transportation Training Centre, Jodhpur
# Basic Training Centre, Jodhpur

== Route and Track Length ==
* North Western Railway zone
** Route km: broad gauge {{convert|2575.03|km}}, metre gauge {{convert|2874.23|km}}, total {{convert|5449.29|km}}
** Track km: broad gauge {{convert|6696.36|km}}, metre gauge {{convert|733.44|km}}, total {{convert|7329.80|km}}

** Jodhpur railway division
*** Route km: broad gauge {{convert|1568.42|km}}1,568 km, metre gauge 0 km, total {{convert|1568.42|km}}
*** Track km: broad gauge {{convert|1979.73|km}}, metre gauge 0 km, total {{convert|1979.73|km}}

==List of railway stations and towns ==
The list includes the stations under the Jodhpur railway division and their station category.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statement showing Category-wise No. of stations in IR based on Pass. earning of 2011 |url=http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI&ACategoryStns.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128044328/http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/StationRedevelopment/AI%26ACategoryStns.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=PASSENGER AMENITIES - CRITERIA= For Categorisation Of Stations |url=http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |access-date=15 January 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045206/http://www.cr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1432447500773-23.Passenger%20Amenities%20PDF.pdf |archive-date= 4 March 2016 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | Category of station
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | No. of stations
! style="background:#ffd750;" ! | Names of stations
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A-1
| style="text-align:center;" | 1
| style="text-align:center;" | {{rws|Jodhpur Junction}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | A
| style="text-align:center;" | 4
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Barmer railway station|Barmer]], {{rws|Nagaur}}, {{rws|Pali Marwar}}, {{rws|Jaisalmer}}
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | B
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | C suburban station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | D
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -[[Dhanera Railway Station|Dhanera]]
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | E
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | F halt station
| style="text-align:center;" | -
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | '''Total'''
| style="text-align:center;" | '''-'''
| style="text-align:center;" | -
|}
Stations closed for Passengers -

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Jodhpur railway division| ]]
[[Category:Divisions of Indian Railways]]
[[Category:1951 establishments in Rajasthan]]
[[Category:North Western Railway zone|*]]

{{India-rail-transport-stub}}

Navjeet Kaur Dhillon

2025-10-17T14:21:00Z

KobyQ0272234: started initial details from scratch...

{{short description|Indian track and field athlete|bot=PearBOT 5}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox sportsperson
| headercolor =
| name = Navjeet Dhillon
| image =
| image_size = 
| caption =
| birth_name =
| full_name = Navjeet Kaur Dhillon
| nickname =
| nationality = Indian
| residence =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|03|06|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Amritsar]], India<ref name=CWG>[https://results.gc2018.com/en/athletics/athlete-profile-n6068795-navjeet-dhillon.htm Navjeet Dhillon]. GC2018. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</ref>
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| country = India
| sport = Athletics
| event = [[Discus throw]]
| collegeteam =
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| pb = Discus throw: 59.18 m (2018)
| medaltemplates =
{{Medal|Sport|Women's [[sport of athletics|athletics]]}}
{{Medal|Country|{{IND}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[South Asian Games]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[2019 South Asian Games|2019 Kathmandu]]|[[Athletics at the 2019 South Asian Games|Discus throw]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Athletics at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|2018 Gold Coast]]|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]}}
}}
'''Navjeet Kaur Dhillon''' (born 6 March 1995) is an Indian [[track and field]] athlete who competes as a [[Discus throw]]er. Her current world ranking in the Women's Discus Throw category is 46, and in the Women's Overall ranking is 4165.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/india/navjeet-kaur-dhillon-264704 |title=Navjeet Kaur DHILLON | Profile | iaaf.org |website=www.iaaf.org |access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> She was the bronze medalist at the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]], with her final throw of 57.43 m and became the second Indian to win a medal at the [[World Junior Championships in Athletics]] in 2014. She holds a personal best of {{T&Fcalc|59.18}}, set in 2018 in Indian Grand Prix in February, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/commonwealth-games/cwg-2018-amritsar-athlete-navjeet-dhillon-wins-bronze-in-discuss-throw-5135504/ |title=CWG 2018: Amritsar athlete Navjeet Dhillon wins bronze in discus throw |date=13 April 2018 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref>

Dhillon had to wait for more than two years to receive her cash award for the World Junior Athletics Championship bronze medal. She hoped to receive a job offer by the Punjab government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/sports/commonwealth-games/cwg-2018-amritsar-athlete-navjeet-dhillon-wins-bronze-in-discuss-throw-5135504/ |title=CWG 2018: Amritsar athlete Navjeet Dhillon wins bronze in discus throw |date=13 April 2018 |website=The Indian Express |language=en-IN |access-date=27 July 2019}}</ref> She is presently employed in as an income tax inspector.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://olympic.ind.in/athlete/navjeet-kaur-dhillon |title=Navjeet Kaur Dhillon |website=olympic.ind.in |access-date=27 July 2019 |archive-date=27 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727073434/https://olympic.ind.in/athlete/navjeet-kaur-dhillon |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Following a doping violation in June 2022, she was banned for a period of three years.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 28, 2022 |title=Top discus thrower Navjeet Dhillon banned for 3 years for failing dope test |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/top-discus-thrower-navjeet-dhillon-banned-for-3-years-for-failing-dope-test/articleshow/93829148.cms |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Born in [[Amritsar]],<ref name=CWG/> Dhillon won the Indian junior title in the discus in 2010 and the national youth title in 2011. She made her international debut at the [[2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics]], competing in qualifying only,<ref name=IAAF>[https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/india/navjeet-kaur-dhillon-264704 Navjeet Dhillon]. IAAF. Retrieved 15 April 2018.</ref> and won her first medal (a bronze) at the [[2011 Commonwealth Youth Games]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130831123539/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/COYG/COYG2011.html Commonwealth Youth Games 2011]. World Junior Athletics History (archived). Retrieved on 16 August 2014.</ref> Dhillon won a [[shot put]]/discus double at the 2012 Indian Junior Championships and claimed a silver medal at the [[2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships]] behind [[Subenrat Insaeng]].<ref>Krishnan, Ram. Murali (13 June 2012). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/ashraf-steals-the-show-in-asian-juniors-with Ashraf steals the show in Asian Juniors with 80.85m world junior hammer lead]. IAAF. Retrieved on 15 April 2018.</ref>

Dhillon made her first appearance in the senior ranks in the 2013 season, competing in both shot put and discus at the [[2013 Asian Athletics Championships]].<ref name=IAAF/> More age category medals came at the [[2014 Asian Junior Athletics Championships]], where she was third in the shot put and second in the discus.<ref>[http://163.17.55.13/taipei2014/score_query.php?action=sub_all&htm=21&ItNo=&grp_num=200&grp_name=%A8k%A4l&cate=tf&ID= 16th Asian Junior Athletics Championships Men Results] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20140726074151/http://163.17.55.13/taipei2014/score_query.php?action=sub_all&htm=21&ItNo=&grp_num=200&grp_name=%A8k%A4l&cate=tf&ID= |date=26 July 2014 }}. Taipei2014. Retrieved on 13 July 2014.</ref> She achieved a breakthrough at the [[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics]], taking the discus bronze medal with a personal best throw of {{T&Fcalc|56.36}}. This made her the second Indian to win a medal at that competition, following in the footsteps of fellow women's discus thrower [[Seema Antil]].<ref>Clavelo Robinson, Javier (26 July 2014). [https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/53d32bd35a4034055039e279 Report: women's discus throw – IAAF World Junior Championships, Oregon 2014]. IAAF. Retrieved 18 April 2018.</ref>

Dhillon topped the national podium in the discus in 2014 and 2015, as she transitioned into the senior ranks, as well as a shot put/discus double at the [[2015 National Games of India]]. She was sixth in discus at the [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships]]. She did not compete internationally in 2016 and 2017, though she won shot put national titles those years and was runner-up in the discus nationally.<ref name=IAAF/> Dhillon won the discus bronze medal at the [[2018 Commonwealth Games]] – her first senior international medal.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/commonwealth-games/cwg-2018-seema-punia-wins-silver-navjeet-dhillon-claims-bronze-in-discus-throw/articleshow/63732164.cms |title=CWG 2018: Seema Punia wins silver, Navjeet Dhillon claims bronze in discus throw |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=12 April 2018 |accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/athletics/athlete-profile-n6068795-navjeet-dhillon.htm |title=Navjeet Dhillon |publisher=2018 Commonwealth Games |accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref>

==International competitions==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes|Result=yes|NotesOff=yes}}
|-
|rowspan=2|2011
|[[2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics|World Youth Championships]]
|[[Lille]], France
|11th (q)
|[[2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics – Girls' discus throw|Discus throw]]
|44.46 m
|-
|[[Athletics at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|Commonwealth Youth Games]]
|[[Douglas, Isle of Man]]
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|Discus throw
|45.27 m
|-
|2012
|[[2012 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]
|[[Colombo]], Sri Lanka
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|Discus throw
|44.78 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2013
|rowspan=2|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Pune]], India
|9th
|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's shot put|Shot put]]
|12.91 m
|-
|7th
|[[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|45.33 m
|-
|rowspan=3|2014
|rowspan=2|[[2014 Asian Junior Athletics Championships|Asian Junior Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Taipei]], Taiwan
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|Shot put
|14.99 m
|-
|bgcolor=silver|2nd
|Discus throw
|53.66 m
|-
|[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene]], United States
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[2014 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|56.36 m
|-
|2015
|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|[[Wuhan]], China
|6th
|[[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|51.66 m
|-
|2018
|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]
|[[Gold Coast, Queensland|Gold Coast]], Australia
|bgcolor=cc9966|3rd
|[[Athletics at the 2018 Commonwealth Games – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|57.43 m
|-
|rowspan=2|2019
|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]]
|[[Doha, Qatar]]
|4th
|[[2019 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's discus throw|Discus throw]]
|57.47 m
|-
|[[2019 South Asian Games|South Asian Games]]
|[[Kathmandu, Nepal]]
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|[[Athletics at the 2019 South Asian Games|Discus throw]]
|49.85 m
|}

==National titles==
*[[India Open Athletics Championships]]
**Discus throw: 2014, 2015
**Shot put: 2016, 2017
*[[National Games of India]]
**Shot put: [[2015 National Games of India|2015]]
**Discus throw: [[2015 National Games of India|2015]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Athletics}}
* {{World Athletics|name=Navjeet Kaur Dhillon}}
* {{2022 Commonwealth Games profile|145156|Navjeet Kaur Dhillon}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhillon, Navjeet}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian women discus throwers]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2022 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:Medallists at the 2018 Commonwealth Games]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists for India]]
[[Category:South Asian Games gold medalists in athletics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 2019 South Asian Games]]
[[Category:Athletes from Amritsar]]
[[Category:Sportswomen from Punjab, India]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian sportswomen]]
[[Category:Commonwealth Games bronze medallists in athletics]]