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		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_at_the_Olympics&amp;diff=434721</id>
		<title>India at the Olympics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India_at_the_Olympics&amp;diff=434721"/>
		<updated>2023-10-08T19:06:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{infobox country at games&lt;br /&gt;
| NOC               = IND&lt;br /&gt;
| NOCname           = [[Indian Olympic Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
| games             = Olympics&lt;br /&gt;
| year              = &lt;br /&gt;
| flagcaption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| oldcode           = &lt;br /&gt;
| website           = {{URL|https://olympic.ind.in }}&lt;br /&gt;
| location          = &lt;br /&gt;
| competitors       = &lt;br /&gt;
| sports            = &lt;br /&gt;
| flagbearer        = &lt;br /&gt;
| rank              = 56&lt;br /&gt;
| gold              = 10&lt;br /&gt;
| silver            = 9&lt;br /&gt;
| bronze            = 16&lt;br /&gt;
| officials         = &lt;br /&gt;
| appearances       = &lt;br /&gt;
| app_begin_year    = 1900&lt;br /&gt;
| app_end_year      = &lt;br /&gt;
| summerappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=India|competition=Summer Olympics|begin_year=1900|end_year= }}&lt;br /&gt;
| winterappearances = {{Team appearances list|team=India|competition=Winter Olympics|begin_year=1964|end_year= }}&lt;br /&gt;
| seealso           = {{flagIOC|IOP|2014 Winter}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[India]] first participated at the [[Olympic Games]] in 1900, with a lone athlete [[Norman Pritchard]] winning two medals – both silver – in [[sport of athletics|athletics]] and became the first Asian nation to win an Olympic medal.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Sumol&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/summer/1900/|title=India at the 1900 Paris Summer Games|access-date=18 August 2016|work=Sports Reference|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924140620/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/summer/1900/|archive-date=24 September 2016|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-first-participation-olympics-games-debut|title=India&#039;s first Olympics: A debut in Paris 1900 and beyond|access-date=10 March 2023|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816154022/https://olympics.com/en/news/india-first-participation-olympics-games-debut|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The nation first sent a team to the [[Summer Olympic Games]] in 1920 and has participated in every Summer Games since then. India has also competed at several [[Winter Olympic Games]] beginning in 1964. Indian athletes have won 35 medals, all at the Summer Games. For a period of time, the [[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Indian Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]] was dominant in Olympic competition, winning eleven medals in twelve Olympics between 1928 and 1980. The run included eight gold medals of which six were won consecutively from 1928 to 1956.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/8-golds-1-silver-3-bronzes-full-list-of-india-s-12-olympics-medals-in-hockey-101628152011091.html|title=India hockey all medals at Olympics list|date=5 August 2021|access-date=8 August 2021|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808113159/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/8-golds-1-silver-3-bronzes-full-list-of-india-s-12-olympics-medals-in-hockey-101628152011091.html|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== History ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== During British Imperial rule ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:India hockey team 1928.jpg|thumb|left|180px|India team that won the gold medal at 1928 Summer Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite being under [[British Raj|British rule]] until 1947, India participated in the Olympic Games separately from the [[British Olympic Association|British Olympic Team]]. India sent its first athlete to the Summer Olympics for the [[1900 Summer Olympics|1900 Games]], but an Indian national team did not compete at the Summer Olympics until 1920. Ahead of the 1920 Games, Sir [[Dorabji Tata]] and Governor of Bombay [[George Lloyd, 1st Baron Lloyd|George Lloyd]] helped India secure representation at the [[International Olympic Committee]], enabling it to participate in the Games (see [[India at the 1920 Summer Olympics|India at the 1920 Olympic Games]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/sir-dorabji-tata-and-the-olympics/article32448669.ece|title=Sir dorabji tata and the Olympics|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811111850/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/sir-dorabji-tata-and-the-olympics/article32448669.ece|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; India then sent a team to the 1920 Olympics, comprising three athletes, two wrestlers, and managers [[Sohrab Bhoot]] and A. H. A. Fyzee.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/india-olympics-history-medals-athletes-performance-results-position|title=India Olympics highs and lows;Olympics.com|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811121859/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/india-olympics-history-medals-athletes-performance-results-position|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Indian Olympic movement was then established during the 1920s: some founders of this movement were Dorabji Tata, A.G. Noehren (Madras College of Physical Education), H.C. Buck (Madras College of Physical Education), Moinul Haq (Bihar sports associations), S. Bhoot (Bombay Olympic Association), A.S. Bhagwat (Deccan Gymkhana), and [[Guru Dutt Sondhi]] (Punjab Olympic Association); Lt. Col H.L.O. Garrett (from the Government College Lahore and Punjab Olympic Association) and Sagnik Poddar (of St. Stephen&#039;s School) helped organise some early national games; and prominent patrons included Maharajas and royal princes such as [[Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]], [[Ranjitsinhji]] of [[Nawanagar State|Nawanagar]], the Maharaja of Kapurthala, and the Maharaja of Burdwan.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/flavours-of-kolkata/india-the-olympics/|title=India and Olympics;The Economictimes.com|date=August 2016|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811111850/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/blogs/flavours-of-kolkata/india-the-olympics/|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1923, a provisional All India Olympic Committee was formed, and in February 1924, the All India Olympic Games (that later became the [[National Games of India]]) were held to select a team for the [[1924 Summer Olympics]]. [[India at the 1924 Summer Olympics|The Indian delegation at the Paris Olympics]] comprised seven athletes, seven tennis players and team manager [[Harry Buck]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympic.ind.in/history#:~:text=This%20gave%20impetus%20to%20the,A.G.%20Noehren%20as%20Secretary.&amp;amp;text=In%20the%20following%20months%20Harry%20Buck%20and%20Dr.|title=History of Indian olympic association|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810085741/https://olympic.ind.in/history#:~:text=This%20gave%20impetus%20to%20the,A.G.%20Noehren%20as%20Secretary.&amp;amp;text=In%20the%20following%20months%20Harry%20Buck%20and%20Dr.|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Indian-Hockey-Team-Berlin-1936.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Indian hockey team at 1936 Berlin Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1927, the provisional Indian Olympic Committee formally became the [[Indian Olympic Association]] (IOA); its main tasks were to promote the development of sports in India, choose host cities for the national games, and send teams selected from the national games to the Summer Olympics. Thus, at the 1928 national games, it selected seven athletes to represent India at the next Summer Olympics, with Sondhi as manager.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/national-games-india-olympics-history|title=History of National Games: India’s homespun Olympics!|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=29 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221029071508/https://olympics.com/en/news/national-games-india-olympics-history|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; By this time, the [[Indian Hockey Federation]] (IHF) had also been established and it sent a hockey team to the Summer Olympics. The national hockey team was similarly sent to the [[1932 Summer Olympics|1932 Games]] along with four athletes and one swimmer and [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936 Games]] with four athletes, three wrestlers, one weight-lifter, along with three officials headed by team manager Sondhi. The [[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Indian field hockey team]] dominated the Olympics from 1928 to 1936 winning an unprecedented three consecutive titles. In the [[1928 Summer Olympics]] final India defeated [[Netherlands men&#039;s national field hockey team|Netherlands]] 3–0. It was the first gold medal won by any nation from [[Asia]] at the modern Olympic Games.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/india-hockey-team-won-first-olympic-games-gold-medal-1928-amsterdam|title=Indian hockey won the first Olympic gold medal at hockey in 1928 Amsterdam|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=23 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023153422/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/india-hockey-team-won-first-olympic-games-gold-medal-1928-amsterdam|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1928-olympics-indias-first-step-towards-ascending-hockey-throne/article3613550.ece|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=19 August 2016|title=1928 Olympics: India&#039;s first step towards ascending hockey throne|date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127162022/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1928-olympics-indias-first-step-towards-ascending-hockey-throne/article3613550.ece|archive-date=27 January 2017|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In [[1932 Summer Olympics]] India defeated [[United States men&#039;s national field hockey team|United States]] 24–1, the largest margin of victory in Olympics history.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1932-olympics-games-indias-dominance-continues/article3613551.ece|title=1932 Olympics games: India&#039;s dominance continues|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 August 2016|date=7 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130612/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1932-olympics-games-indias-dominance-continues/article3613551.ece|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In [[1936 Summer Olympics]] final they defeated [[Germany men&#039;s national field hockey team|Germany]] 8–1, the largest margin of victory ever in an Olympic final.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin3&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1936-olympics-hattrick-for-india-under-dhyan-chand/article3616183.ece|work=The Hindu|title=1936 Olympics: Hat-trick for India under Dhyan Chand|access-date=19 August 2016|date=8 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831083613/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1936-olympics-hattrick-for-india-under-dhyan-chand/article3616183.ece|archive-date=31 August 2017|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Post-independence ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hockey Final—India v. Great Britain at the Empire Stadium, Wembley, Thursday, August 12th. India scoring her third goal.png|180px|thumb|left|India scoring their third goal against Britain in the final at the 1948 Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From [[India at the 1948 Summer Olympics|1948]] onwards, because of the [[Indian Olympic Association|IOA&#039;s wider outreach]], India began sending delegations of over 50 athletes in several sports, each selected by its sports federation, to the Summer Olympics. The delegation was headed by a [[Head of mission|chef-de-mission]]. The Indian field hockey team won a gold medal at the [[1948 Summer Olympics]] by defeating [[Great Britain men&#039;s national field hockey team|Great Britain]] in the final. It was the first gold medal for India as an independent nation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TOI&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/news/miscellaneous/Olympics-Down-the-memory-lane-1940-1956/articleshow/53395749.cms|work=[[The Times of India]]|title=Olympics: Down the memory lane 1940–1956|access-date=19 August 2016|author=Rohan Puri|date=26 July 2016|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325073136/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/news/miscellaneous/Olympics-Down-the-memory-lane-1940-1956/articleshow/53395749.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:1952- Helsinki Olympic Gold Medal winning team with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru.TIF|thumb|right|180px|1952 Helsinki Gold Medal winning team with Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru]]&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[1952 Summer Olympics]] wrestler [[K. D. Jadhav]] won the first individual medal for independent India.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;rediff.com&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Shariff, Faisal.[http://www.rediff.com/sports/2000/sep/13jhadha.htm &amp;quot;Khashba Jhadhav, the hero we owe an apology to ...,&amp;quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211355/http://www.rediff.com/sports/2000/sep/13jhadha.htm |date=2016-03-03 }} Rediff.com; retrieved 2012-7-20.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Indian field hockey team continued their dominance by winning a sixth straight title by defeating [[Pakistan national field hockey team|Pakistan]] in the final of [[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|1956 Summer Olympics]]. The six straight title wins by the Indian team was an Olympic record at that time in a team event. This record has since been surpassed only by the United States [[United States men&#039;s national basketball team|men&#039;s]] and  [[United States women&#039;s national basketball team|women&#039;s]] basketball teams.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.usab.com/teams/5x5-mens-olympics|title=USA Men&#039;s National Teams|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=12 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230212141301/https://www.usab.com/mens/national-team.aspx#:~:text=Olympic%20History,overall%20record%20of%20143%2D6.|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/basketball/usa-basketball-olympic-records|title=USA Basketball Olympic Record|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=5 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305143722/https://www.sportskeeda.com/basketball/usa-basketball-olympic-records|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Rome Olympics]] the hockey team lost the final and had to settle for a silver medal.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin4&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1960-olympics-pakistan-ends-indias-dominance/article3631570.ece|work=The Hindu|date=12 July 2012|access-date=19 August 2016|title=1960 Olympics: Pakistan ends India&#039;s dominance|archive-date=11 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211211225307/https://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1960-olympics-pakistan-ends-indias-dominance/article3631570.ece|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The team bounced back by winning gold at the [[1964 Summer Olympics]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TOI1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Gold-winning-hockey-team-of-1964-Tokyo-Olympics-felicitated/articleshow/45287699.cms|date=26 November 2014|access-date=9 August 2016|work=The Times of India|title=Gold winning hockey team of 1964 Tokyo Olympics felicitated|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325073138/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/Gold-winning-hockey-team-of-1964-Tokyo-Olympics-felicitated/articleshow/45287699.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; But went on to win only bronze medals in the next two Olympics.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin6&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1972-olympics-indias-golden-glory-fades/article3646216.ece|work=The Hindu|date=16 July 2012|access-date=19 August 2016|title=1972 Olympics: India&#039;s golden glory fades|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622152055/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1972-olympics-indias-golden-glory-fades/article3646216.ece|archive-date=22 June 2018|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin5&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/16/stories/0716075r.htm|archive-url=https://archive.today/20161225230407/http://www.thehindu.com/2000/09/16/stories/0716075r.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2016|access-date=19 August 2016|work=[[The Hindu]]|title=When Indian hockey first went &#039;bronze&#039;|date =16 September 2000}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; India sent a delegation to compete at the [[1964 Winter Olympics]] in [[Innsbruck]], [[Austria]]. This was India&#039;s debut at the [[Winter Olympic Games]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sportskeeda.com/skiing/alone-with-the-skis-the-tale-of-jerry-bujakowski-and-the-winter-olympics|title=Alone with the skis – The tale of Jerry Bujakowski and the Winter Olympics|last=Thambehalli|first=Rajan|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221184953/http://www.sportskeeda.com/skiing/alone-with-the-skis-the-tale-of-jerry-bujakowski-and-the-winter-olympics|archive-date=21 December 2015|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/01/28/indian-olympic-skiers-finally-get-new-skis/|title=Indian Olympic Skiers Finally Get New Skis – India Real Time|publisher=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117042310/http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/01/28/indian-olympic-skiers-finally-get-new-skis/|archive-date=17 January 2017|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/127370/jerry-bujakowski-first-indian-winter-olympics/|title=The Forgotten Story of The First Indian at The Winter Olympics|last=Pal|first=Sanchari|date=10 January 2018|publisher=Better India|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614052410/https://www.thebetterindia.com/127370/jerry-bujakowski-first-indian-winter-olympics/|archive-date=14 June 2018|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The sole athlete representing India was [[Jeremy Bujakowski]], who competed in the [[Alpine skiing at the 1964 Winter Olympics – Men&#039;s downhill|men&#039;s downhill]] event in [[Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics|alpine skiing]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/winter/1964/|title=India at the 1964 Innsbruck Winter Games|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923051054/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/IND/winter/1964/|archive-date=23 September 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Jeremy&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bu/jeremy-bujakowski-1.html|title=Jeremy Bujakowski Bio, Stats, and Results|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812173719/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/bu/jeremy-bujakowski-1.html|archive-date=12 August 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In [[1976 Summer Olympics]] India went home empty handed, the first time since 1924.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19760815-montreal-olympics-indian-contingent-returns-empty-handed-819262-2015-04-13|title=Montreal Olympics: Indian contingent returns empty-handed|access-date=5 February 2023|archive-date=2023-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305143224/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/sport/story/19760815-montreal-olympics-indian-contingent-returns-empty-handed-819262-2015-04-13|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indian hockey team won their record eighth Olympic gold at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thehin7&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1980-olympics-india-sinks-spain-for-gold/article3649630.ece|work=The Hindu|access-date=19 August 2016|date=17 July 2012|title=1980 Olympics: India sinks Spain for gold|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180205130303/http://www.thehindu.com/sport/hockey/1980-olympics-india-sinks-spain-for-gold/article3649630.ece|archive-date=5 February 2018|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/last-olympic-gold-medal-won-indian-hockey-team-moscow-1980-soviet-union|title=Last time India field hockey team won gold at Olympics in Moscow|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814152702/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/last-olympic-gold-medal-won-indian-hockey-team-moscow-1980-soviet-union|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; India had to return empty handed in the next three Summer Olympics. At the [[1996 Summer Olympics]] held in [[Atlanta]], tennis player [[Leander Paes]] won a bronze medal at the [[Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics - Men&#039;s Singles|men&#039;s singles event]] ending a barren run of 16 years without a medal at the Olympics and also became the first individual medalist since 1952.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;IT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://m.indiatoday.in/story/olympics-1996-how-leander-paes-won-indias-first-individual-olympic-medal-in-44-years/1/282276.html|work=[[India Today]]|date=31 August 1996|access-date=19 August 2016|title=Olympics 1996: How Leander Paes won India&#039;s first individual Olympic medal in 44 years|author=Rohit Brijnath|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919191957/http://m.indiatoday.in/story/olympics-1996-how-leander-paes-won-indias-first-individual-olympic-medal-in-44-years/1/282276.html|archive-date=19 September 2016|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Recent history ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Olympic Freestyle Wrestling (66 kg - Medalists).jpg|thumb|180px|Sushil Kumar (left) became the first Indian athlete to win multiple individual Olympic medals since independence]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[2000 Sydney Olympics]], [[Karnam Malleswari]] won a bronze medal in the [[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s 69 kg|Women&#039;s 69 kg]] weightlifting category. It was the first-ever Olympic medal won by an Indian woman.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;IT1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/olympics2016/story/karnam-malleswari-sakshi-malik-india-rio-olympics-2016/1/743479.html|work=India Today|date=18 August 2016|access-date=19 August 2016|title=Sydney Olympics hero Karnam Malleswari lauds Sakshi Malik, urges her to start preparing for Tokyo Games|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819042025/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/olympics2016/story/karnam-malleswari-sakshi-malik-india-rio-olympics-2016/1/743479.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[2004 Athens Olympics]], star shooter [[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] won the silver medal in [[Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s double trap|Men&#039;s double trap]] shooting.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TOI2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/news/miscellaneous/Olympics-Down-the-memory-lane-2004-2012/articleshow/53463101.cms|work=The Times of India|access-date=19 August 2016|date=30 July 2016|title=Olympics: Down the memory lane 2004–2012|author=Rohan Puri|archive-date=25 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325073137/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/news/miscellaneous/Olympics-Down-the-memory-lane-2004-2012/articleshow/53463101.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[2008 Beijing Olympics]], [[Abhinav Bindra]] came on top in the [[Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 10 metre air rifle|Men&#039;s 10 metre air rifle]] event and became the first Indian to win an individual gold medal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/who-abhinav-bindra-indian-shooter-gold-medal-beijing-2008-olympics|title=Abhinav Bindra gold medal at Beijing|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814085837/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/who-abhinav-bindra-indian-shooter-gold-medal-beijing-2008-olympics|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Vijender Singh]] got the country&#039;s first medal in boxing with his bronze medal in [[Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Middleweight|Middleweight]] category. The 3 medal haul for India was the best till that year. Subsequently, the record was bettered to make it the third best performance in history.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/medals-won-india-olympics-2008-beijing-table-gold-bronze|title=India at the Beijing 2008 Olympics|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811112640/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/medals-won-india-olympics-2008-beijing-table-gold-bronze|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[2012 Summer Olympics]] saw a record 83-member Indian contingent participating in the games and setting a new best for the country with a total of six medals.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TOI2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Wrestler [[Sushil Kumar (wrestler)|Sushil Kumar]] became the first Indian with multiple individual Olympic medals (bronze at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] and silver at the [[2012 Summer Olympics]]) since independence. [[Saina Nehwal]] won a bronze medal in badminton in [[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles]], winning the country&#039;s first Olympic medal in badminton. Pugilist [[Mary Kom]] became the first Indian woman to win a medal in boxing with her bronze medal in [[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s flyweight|Women&#039;s flyweight division]]. Star shooter [[Gagan Narang]] won the bronze in men&#039;s 10 m air rifle shooting.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM0605198301|title=Gagan Narang Stats;ISSF.com|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811111139/https://www.issf-sports.org/athletes/athlete.ashx?personissfid=SHINDM0605198301|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] added another medal by winning a silver in men&#039;s 25 m rapid fire pistol competition.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://thebridge.in/featured/vijay-kumar-olympic-medallist-india-forgotten/|title=The Olympic medalist India forgot|date=30 January 2021|access-date=11 August 2021|archive-date=11 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811111141/https://thebridge.in/featured/vijay-kumar-olympic-medallist-india-forgotten/|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This was India&#039;s best performance till it was overtaken in 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Mary Kom with young sportsperson.jpg|thumb|180px|left|Olympics bronze medalist Mary Kom with young sportsperson]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[2016 Summer Olympics]], a record number of 118 athletes competed. [[Sakshi Malik]] became the first Indian female wrestler to win an Olympic medal with her bronze medal in the [[Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s freestyle 58 kg|Women&#039;s freestyle 58 kg]] category.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;IE1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/rohtak-zen-in-rio-zone-sakshi-malik-brings-wrestling-bronze-2984077/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=19 August 2016|date=19 August 2016|title=Rohtak Zen in Rio zone, Sakshi Malik brings wrestling bronze from Olympics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819000824/http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/rohtak-zen-in-rio-zone-sakshi-malik-brings-wrestling-bronze-2984077/|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Shuttler [[P. V. Sindhu]] won a silver medal in [[Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles badminton]], becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic silver medal and also the youngest Indian Olympic medalist.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ht1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/olympics/rio-2016-live-pv-sindhu-takes-on-spain-s-carolina-marin-for-gold-medal/story-H6pS3IsaqKEbs5bCnprXGN.html|work=[[Hindustan Times]]|date=19 August 2016|access-date=19 August 2016|title=Rio 2016 Live: Silver for India&#039;s golden girl, Sindhu puts up tough fight|author=Manoj Bhagavatula|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819163650/http://www.hindustantimes.com/olympics/rio-2016-live-pv-sindhu-takes-on-spain-s-carolina-marin-for-gold-medal/story-H6pS3IsaqKEbs5bCnprXGN.html|archive-date=19 August 2016|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] (held in 2021), India was represented by a new record number of 124 athletes. [[Saikhom Mirabai Chanu]] secured a silver in the weightlifting women&#039;s category of 49&amp;amp;nbsp;kg on the opening day, the first time India won a medal on the opening day of any Olympics.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/chanu-saikhom-mirabai|title=Saikom Mirabai Chanu;Olympics.com|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809151940/https://olympics.com/en/athletes/chanu-saikhom-mirabai|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; A few days later, [[P. V. Sindhu]] defeated China&#039;s [[He Bingjiao]] in the [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles badminton]] bronze-medal match in straight games, thus becoming the first Indian woman to win two individual Olympic medals.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-badminton-india-pv-sindhu-vs-he-bing-jao-bronze-medal-match|title=PV sindhu becomes two time Olympic medalist: Olympics.com|access-date=8 August 2021|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808115723/https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-badminton-india-pv-sindhu-vs-he-bing-jao-bronze-medal-match|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/pv-sindhu-joins-select-group-of-repeat-medalists-with-tokyo-2020-bronze|title=PV sindhu wins bronze at Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics: Olympics.com|access-date=8 August 2021|archive-date=1 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801170847/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/pv-sindhu-joins-select-group-of-repeat-medalists-with-tokyo-2020-bronze|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Neeraj Chopra]] won the gold in Javelin Throw, becoming the first Indian to win a gold medal in track and field and the second Indian to win an individual Olympic gold.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ET1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite web|title=Tokyo Olympics 2020: Neeraj Chopra wins historic Gold in javelin throw, India&#039;s first athletics medal in 100 yrs|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-neeraj-chopra-wins-historic-gold-in-javelin-throw-indias-first-athletics-medal-in-100-yrs/videoshow/85128656.cms|date=7 August 2021|access-date=8 August 2021|website=EconomicTimes|language=en|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808021203/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-neeraj-chopra-wins-historic-gold-in-javelin-throw-indias-first-athletics-medal-in-100-yrs/videoshow/85128656.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In Men&#039;s Field Hockey, India won a bronze medal. This medal came after a gap of 41 years, having last won a gold medal in [[1980 Summer Olympics|Moscow 1980]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-beat-germany-5-4-in-mens-hockey-win-historic-bronze-medal-after-41-yrs/videoshow/85059021.cms?from=mdr|title=India beat Germany 5-4 in mens hockey win historic bronze medal|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809132507/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-beat-germany-5-4-in-mens-hockey-win-historic-bronze-medal-after-41-yrs/videoshow/85059021.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-men-hockey-team-vs-germany-bronze-medal-match-tokyo-2020-olympics-result|title=India vs Germany Bronze medal match;Olympics.com|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809132507/https://olympics.com/en/news/india-men-hockey-team-vs-germany-bronze-medal-match-tokyo-2020-olympics-result|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the wrestling competitions, [[Ravi Kumar Dahiya]] won a silver medal and [[Bajrang Punia]] won a bronze medal.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-wrestling-men-india-ravi-kumar-dahiya-57kg-day-1-result|title=Ravi Kumar Dahiya takes silver;Olympics.com|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=4 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804033803/https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-wrestling-men-india-ravi-kumar-dahiya-57kg-day-1-result|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-wrestling-men-india-bajrang-punia-65kg-bronze-medal-result|title=Bajrang Punia wins bronze in 65 kg ;Olympics.com|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810145512/https://olympics.com/en/news/tokyo-2020-olympics-wrestling-men-india-bajrang-punia-65kg-bronze-medal-result|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Olympic debutant [[Lovlina Borgohain]] took bronze in women&#039;s boxing. She became only the second woman to win an Olympic medal in boxing.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/tokyo-2020-lovlina-borgohain-puts-baromukhia-on-india-olympics-map-7429651/|title=lovlina borgohain puts boromukhia on olympic map|date=31 July 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810151547/https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/tokyo-2020-lovlina-borgohain-puts-baromukhia-on-india-olympics-map-7429651/|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The haul of 7 medals is the best performance for India in the Olympics history.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/the-super-seven-who-made-tokyo-2020-india-s-best-olympics-campaign|title=India at the 2020 Summer Olympics;Olympics.com|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=8 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808075834/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/the-super-seven-who-made-tokyo-2020-india-s-best-olympics-campaign|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/tokyo-2020-india-medal-winners-neeraj-mirabai-ravi-sindhu-bajrang-lovlina-men-hockey-7443696/|title=Indian medal winners;indianexpress.com|date=10 August 2021|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813003919/https://indianexpress.com/article/olympics/tokyo-2020-india-medal-winners-neeraj-mirabai-ravi-sindhu-bajrang-lovlina-men-hockey-7443696/|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-finishes-48th-best-in-four-decades-33rd-in-terms-of-overall-medals-won/articleshow/85168821.cms|title=India in tokyo olympics;Olympics.com|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=10 August 2021|archive-date=10 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810000303/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tokyo-olympics/india-in-tokyo/tokyo-olympics-2020-india-finishes-48th-best-in-four-decades-33rd-in-terms-of-overall-medals-won/articleshow/85168821.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Olympic Milestones ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:The first winner of an individual Gold Medal for India at the Beijing Olympic Games and International Shooting Ace, Shri Abhinav Bindra meeting with the Speaker, Lok Sabha, Shri Somnath Chatterjee, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|200px|2008 Olympic champion Abhinav Bindra with then [[Speaker of the Lok Sabha]], [[Somnath Chatterjee]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; font-size:100%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:14em;&amp;quot;| Milestone&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:12em;&amp;quot;| Athlete/Team&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:12em&amp;quot;| Game(s)&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:8em&amp;quot;| Sport&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:6em&amp;quot;| Medal(s)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First medalist, &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; First individual medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/the-curious-case-of-norman-pritchard-101635669260084.html|title=The curious case of Norman Pritchard|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816145053/https://www.hindustantimes.com/trending/the-curious-case-of-norman-pritchard-101635669260084.html|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;|| [[Norman Pritchard]]|| {{GamesName|SOG|1900}} || {{GamesSport|Athletics|Format=d}} || {{OG2}} Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First Individual medalist after independence&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/wrestling-first-indian-win-olympic-medal-1952-kd-jadhav|title=KD Jadhav: The scrawny lad who stood tall in the sport of giants|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816145053/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/wrestling-first-indian-win-olympic-medal-1952-kd-jadhav|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;|| [[K. D. Jadhav]] || {{GamesName|SOG|1952}} || {{GamesSport|Wrestling|Format=d}} || {{OG3}} Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First gold medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/1928-olympics-amsterdam-indian-hockey-dhyan-chand-indian-olympic-history/article34997923.ece|title=1928 Amsterdam Olympics: The hockey champions of the world|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923190240/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/magazine/1928-olympics-amsterdam-indian-hockey-dhyan-chand-indian-olympic-history/article34997923.ece|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]  ||{{GamesName|SOG|1928}} ||{{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}} || {{OG1}} Gold &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First gold medalist after independence&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/indian-hockey-team-1948-olympics-london-won-gold-medal-independent|title=For independent India, how hockey made a new beginning at 1948 London Olympics|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=28 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928180623/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/indian-hockey-team-1948-olympics-london-won-gold-medal-independent|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]] || {{GamesName|SOG|1948}}  ||{{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}} ||{{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First individual gold medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/on-this-day-in-2008-abhinav-bindra-became-first-indian-to-win-individual-olympic-gold/articleshow/85231188.cms|title=On this day Abhinav bindra became first Indian to win individual Olympic gold|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813221552/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/shooting/on-this-day-in-2008-abhinav-bindra-became-first-indian-to-win-individual-olympic-gold/articleshow/85231188.cms|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Abhinav Bindra]] || {{GamesName|SOG|2008}}|| {{GamesSport|Shooting|Format=d}} || {{OG1}} Gold &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First individual Multi-medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/india-first-participation-olympics-games-debut|title=India&#039;s first Olympics: A debut in Paris 1900 and beyond|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816154020/https://olympics.com/en/news/india-first-participation-olympics-games-debut|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/norman-pritchard|title=Norman Pritchard Biography, Olympic Records and Age|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707003545/https://olympics.com/en/athletes/norman-pritchard|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Norman Pritchard]] || {{GamesName|SOG|1900}}|| {{GamesSport|Athletics|Format=d}} || {{OG2}} Silver &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; {{OG2}} Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|First Individual multi-medalist after independence&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/athletes/sushil-kumar|title=Sushil Kumar Biography, Olympic Records and Age|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113181637/https://olympics.com/en/athletes/sushil-kumar|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Sushil Kumar]] || {{GamesName|SOG|2008}} &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; {{GamesName|SOG|2012}} || {{GamesSport|Wrestling|Format=d}} ||{{OG3}} Bronze &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; {{OG2}} Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| First female medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/karnam-malleswari-india-weightlifting|title=Karnam Malleswari’s bronze at Sydney 2000 lifts Indian women up|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816153153/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/karnam-malleswari-india-weightlifting|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[Karnam Malleswari]] || {{GamesName|SOG|2000}} ||{{GamesSport|Weightlifting|Format=d}} ||{{OG3}} Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|First female multi-medalist&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/pv-sindhu-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-win-two-olympic-medals-full-list-of-major-honours-101627719827375.html|title=PV Sindhu becomes first Indian woman to win two Olympic medals - Full list of major honours|access-date=16 August 2022|archive-date=16 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816153154/https://www.hindustantimes.com/sports/olympics/pv-sindhu-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-win-two-olympic-medals-full-list-of-major-honours-101627719827375.html|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || [[P. V. Sindhu]] ||  {{GamesName|SOG|2016}} &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; {{GamesName|SOG|2020}} || {{GamesSport|Badminton|Format=d}} ||{{OG2}} Silver &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; {{OG3}} Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Indian contingent at Olympics ==&lt;br /&gt;
Following lists provide a comparative compendium of the number of participants from India in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Participation in Summer Games===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Games&lt;br /&gt;
!Sports&lt;br /&gt;
!Men&lt;br /&gt;
!Women&lt;br /&gt;
!Total&lt;br /&gt;
!Change&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1900}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| {{NA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1904}} || colspan=5; rowspan=3| &#039;&#039;did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1908}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1920}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| +5&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1924}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 12&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 14&lt;br /&gt;
| +9&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1928}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 22&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 22&lt;br /&gt;
| +8&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  {{GamesName|SOG|1932}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| 20&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 20&lt;br /&gt;
| −2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  {{GamesName|SOG|1936}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 27&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 27&lt;br /&gt;
| +7&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|  {{GamesName|SOG|1948}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 10&lt;br /&gt;
| 79&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 79&lt;br /&gt;
| +52&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1952}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 11&lt;br /&gt;
| 60&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 64&lt;br /&gt;
| −15&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1956}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| 58&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 59&lt;br /&gt;
| −5&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1960}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 6&lt;br /&gt;
| 45&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 45&lt;br /&gt;
| −14&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1964}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 8&lt;br /&gt;
| 52&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 53&lt;br /&gt;
| +8&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| 25&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 25&lt;br /&gt;
| −28&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1972}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 7&lt;br /&gt;
| 40&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 41&lt;br /&gt;
| +16&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1976}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 20&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 20&lt;br /&gt;
| −21&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1980}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 58&lt;br /&gt;
| 18&lt;br /&gt;
| 76&lt;br /&gt;
| +56&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1984}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 5&lt;br /&gt;
| 38&lt;br /&gt;
| 10&lt;br /&gt;
| 48&lt;br /&gt;
| −28&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1988}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 10&lt;br /&gt;
| 39&lt;br /&gt;
| 7&lt;br /&gt;
| 46&lt;br /&gt;
| −2&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1992}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 12&lt;br /&gt;
| 44&lt;br /&gt;
| 9&lt;br /&gt;
| 53&lt;br /&gt;
| +7&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1996}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 13&lt;br /&gt;
| 45&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| 49&lt;br /&gt;
| −4&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2000}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 13&lt;br /&gt;
| 46&lt;br /&gt;
| 19&lt;br /&gt;
| 65&lt;br /&gt;
| +16&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2004}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 14&lt;br /&gt;
| 48&lt;br /&gt;
| 25&lt;br /&gt;
| 73&lt;br /&gt;
| +8&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2008}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 12&lt;br /&gt;
| 31&lt;br /&gt;
| 25&lt;br /&gt;
| 56&lt;br /&gt;
| −17&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2012}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 13&lt;br /&gt;
| 60&lt;br /&gt;
| 23&lt;br /&gt;
| 83&lt;br /&gt;
| +27&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2016}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 15&lt;br /&gt;
| 63&lt;br /&gt;
| 54&lt;br /&gt;
| 117&lt;br /&gt;
| +34&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 18&lt;br /&gt;
| 70&lt;br /&gt;
| 54&lt;br /&gt;
| 124&lt;br /&gt;
| +7&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2024}} || colspan=5; rowspan=3| &#039;&#039;future event&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2028}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2032}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Participation in Winter Games===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Games&lt;br /&gt;
!Sports&lt;br /&gt;
!Men&lt;br /&gt;
!Women&lt;br /&gt;
!Total&lt;br /&gt;
!Change&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|1964}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| {{NA}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|1968}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1972}} || colspan=5; rowspan=4| &#039;&#039;did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1976}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1980}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1984}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|1988}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| +3&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|1992}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| −1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1994}} || colspan=5; rowspan=1| &#039;&#039;did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|1998}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| +1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2002}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2006}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 4&lt;br /&gt;
| +3&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2010}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| −1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2014}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 2{{ref label|a|a}}&lt;br /&gt;
| −1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|WOG|2022}}&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| 0&lt;br /&gt;
| 1&lt;br /&gt;
| −1&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2026}} || colspan=5; rowspan=1| &#039;&#039;future event&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Medal tables ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{See also|All-time Olympic Games medal table}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Medals by Summer Games ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size:90%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Games&lt;br /&gt;
!Athletes&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:gold; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:silver; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:#cc9966; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:4em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Total&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:4em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Rank&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1900}} || 1 || 0 || 2 || 0 || 2 || [[1900 Summer Olympics medal table|17]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1904}} || colspan=6; rowspan=3| &#039;&#039;did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1908}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1912}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1920}} || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1920 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1924}} || 14 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1924 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} || 21 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1928 Summer Olympics medal table|23]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1932}} || 20 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || |[[1932 Summer Olympics medal table|19]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1936}} || 27 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || |[[1936 Summer Olympics medal table|20]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1948}} || 79 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1948 Summer Olympics medal table|22]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1952}} || 64 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 || [[1952 Summer Olympics medal table|26]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1956}} || 59 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1956 Summer Olympics medal table|24]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1960}} || 45 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[1960 Summer Olympics medal table|32]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1964}} || 53 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1964 Summer Olympics medal table|24]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1968}} || 25 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[1968 Summer Olympics medal table|42]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1972}} || 41 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[1972 Summer Olympics medal table|43]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1976}} || 20 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1976 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1980}} || 76 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 || [[1980 Summer Olympics medal table|23]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1984}} || 48 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1984 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1988}} || 46 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1988 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1992}} || 53 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1992 Summer Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|1996}} || 49 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[1996 Summer Olympics medal table|71]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2000}} || 65 || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 || [[2000 Summer Olympics medal table|71]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2004}} || 73 || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 || [[2004 Summer Olympics medal table|65]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2008}} || 56 || 1 || 0 || 2 || 3 || [[2008 Summer Olympics medal table|50]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2012}} || 83 || 0 || 2 || 4 || 6 || [[2012 Summer Olympics medal table|55]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2016}} || 117 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 || [[2016 Summer Olympics medal table|67]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|SOG|2020}} || 124 || 1 || 2 || 4 || 7 || [[2020 Summer Olympics medal table|48]] &lt;br /&gt;
|-#&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| &#039;&#039;{{GamesName|SOG|2024}}&#039;&#039; || colspan=6; rowspan=3| &#039;&#039;Future event&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| &#039;&#039;{{GamesName|SOG|2028}}&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| &#039;&#039;{{GamesName|SOG|2032}}&#039;&#039; &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2| Total !! 10 !! 9 !! 16 !! 35 !! [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|57]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Medals by Winter Games ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size:90%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!Games&lt;br /&gt;
!Athletes&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:gold; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:silver; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;background:#cc9966; width:3.7em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:4em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Total&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:4em; font-weight:bold;&amp;quot;|Rank&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1964}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1964 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1968}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1968 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1972}} || colspan=6; rowspan=4| &#039;&#039;Did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1976}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1980}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1984}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1988}} || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1988 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1992}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1992 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1994}} || colspan=6| &#039;&#039;Did not participate&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|1998}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[1998 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2002}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2002 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2006}} || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2006 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2010}} || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2010 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2014}} || 2{{ref label|a|a}} || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2014 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2018}} || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2018 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesName|WOG|2022}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || [[2022 Winter Olympics medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| &#039;&#039;{{GamesName|WOG|2026}}&#039;&#039; || colspan=6| &#039;&#039;Future event&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=2| Total !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! 0 !! [[All-time Olympic Games medal table|-]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:95%&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{note label|a|a}} A total of 3 athletes qualified from India but [[Shiva Keshavan]] had to participate as an [[Independent Olympic Participants at the 2014 Winter Olympics|Independent Olympic Participant]] due to an ongoing suspension of [[Indian Olympic Association]] which was reinstated during the course of 2014 Games.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Medals by Sports ===&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Summer ====&lt;br /&gt;
{{legend|#E9D66B|Leading in that Sport}}&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:8em&amp;quot;| Sport&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--!style=&amp;quot;width:1em&amp;quot;| Gold&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:1em&amp;quot;| Silver&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:1em&amp;quot;| Bronze--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]]  Gold&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]]  Silver&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]]  Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:1em&amp;quot;| Total&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background:#E9D66B&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}} ||align=center| 8 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| 3 ||align=center| [[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|12]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Shooting|Format=d}} ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| [[Shooting at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|4]] &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Athletics|Format=d}} ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| [[Athletics at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Wrestling|Format=d}}||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 2 ||align=center| 5 ||align=center| [[Wrestling at the Summer Olympics#All-time medal table – 1896–2016|7]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Badminton|Format=d}} ||align=center| 0 ||align=center|1||align=center| 2 ||align=center|[[Badminton at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Weightlifting|Format=d}} ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 1||align=center| 1 ||align=center| [[Weightlifting at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|2]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Boxing|Format=d}} ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 3 ||align=center| [[Boxing at the Summer Olympics#Medal table|3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Tennis|Format=d}} ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 0 ||align=center| 1 ||align=center| [[Tennis at the Summer Olympics#Medal tables|1]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Total !!10!!9!!16!!35&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
{{col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== List of medalists ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:6em&amp;quot;| Medal&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:12em&amp;quot;| Name/Team&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:10em&amp;quot;| Games&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:10em&amp;quot;| Sport&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:12em&amp;quot;| Event&lt;br /&gt;
!style=&amp;quot;width:10em&amp;quot;| Date&lt;br /&gt;
|-&amp;lt;!--This list is in accordance with the trusted sources and reliable External Links of this page. Don&#039;t vandalize this list in any way. (unnecessarily removing entries to impose one&#039;s own POV as did by an IP user some time ago) Vandalizers will be proceeded against with permanent blockage of their editing privileges--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| {{sortname|Norman|Pritchard}}||{{GamesName|SOG|1900}} || [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|16px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 200 metres|Men&#039;s 200 metres]]&lt;br /&gt;
|22 July 1900&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| {{sortname|Norman|Pritchard}}||{{GamesName|SOG|1900}}|| [[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|16px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] || [[Athletics at the 1900 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 200 metres hurdles|Men&#039;s 200 metre hurdles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|16 July 1900&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold||&lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;[[Richard Allen (field hockey)|Richard Allen]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Dhyan Chand]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Michael Gateley]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[William Goodsir-Cullen]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Leslie Hammond]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Feroze Khan (field hockey)|Feroze Khan]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[George Marthins]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Rex Norris (field hockey)|Rex Norris]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Broome Pinniger]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Michael Rocque (hockey)|Michael Rocque]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Frederic Seaman (field hockey)|Frederic Seaman]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Ali Shaukat]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Jaipal Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Sayed Yusuf]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Kher Singh Gill]] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|26 May 1928&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt; [[Richard Allen (field hockey player)|Richard Allen]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Muhammad Aslam (field hockey)|Muhammad Aslam]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Lal Bokhari]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Frank Brewin]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Richard Carr (field hockey player)|Richard Carr]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Dhyan Chand]] &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Leslie Hammond]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Arthur Charles Hind|Arthur Hind]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Sayed Jaffar (field hockey)|Sayed Jaffar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Masud Minhas]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Broome Pinniger]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Gurmit Singh Kullar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Roop Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[William Sullivan (field hockey player)|William Sullivan]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Carlyle Tapsell]]&lt;br /&gt;
}} &lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1932}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1932 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|11 August 1932&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold||  &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;  [[Richard Allen (field hockey player)|Richard Allen]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Dhyan Chand]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Ali Dara]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Lionel Emmett]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Peter Fernandes]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Joseph Galibardy]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Earnest Goodsir-Cullen]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Mohammed Hussain]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Sayed Jaffar (field hockey)|Sayed Jaffar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Ahmed Khan (field hockey)|Ahmed Khan]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Ahsan Mohomed Khan]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Mirza Masood]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Cyril Michie]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Baboo Nimal]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Joseph Phillips (field hockey)|Joseph Phillips]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Shabban Shahab-ud-Din]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Gurcharan Singh Grewal]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Roop Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; [[Carlyle Tapsell]] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1936}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|15 August 1936&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;  [[Leslie Claudius]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Keshav Dutt]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Walter de Sousa]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Lawrie Fernandes]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ranganathan Francis]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Gerry Glackan]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Akhtar Hussain (field hockey)|Akhtar Hussain]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Patrick Jansen]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Amir Kumar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Kishan Lal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Leo Pinto]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Jaswant Singh Rajput]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Latif-ur Rehman]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Reginald Rodrigues]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Sr.]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Randhir Singh Gentle]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Grahanandan Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[K. D. Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Trilochan Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Maxie Vaz]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1948}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1948 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|12 August 1948&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt; [[K. D. Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Leslie Claudius]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Meldric Daluz]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Keshav Dutt]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Chinadorai Deshmutu]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Ranganathan Francis]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Raghbir Lal]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Govind Perumal]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Muniswamy Rajgopal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Sr.]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Randhir Singh Gentle]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[C. S. Dubey (field hockey)|C. S. Dubey]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Udham Singh (field hockey)|Udham Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Dharam Singh (field hockey)|Dharam Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Grahanandan Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Chaman Singh Gurung]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1952}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|24 July 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|K. D. |Jadhav}} || {{GamesName|SOG|1952}} || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 1952 Summer Olympics - Men&#039;s freestyle bantamweight|Men&#039;s freestyle Bantamweight]]&lt;br /&gt;
|23 July 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold||&lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;[[Leslie Claudius]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ranganathan Francis]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Haripal Kaushik]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Amir Kumar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Raghbir Lal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Shankar Lakshman]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[O. P. Malhotra]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Govind Perumal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Amit Singh Bakshi]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Raghbir Singh Bhola]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Sr.]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Hardyal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Randhir Singh Gentle]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balkrishan Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Gurdev Singh (field hockey)|Gurdev Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Udham Singh (field hockey)|Udham Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Bakshish Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Charles Stephen]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1956}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1956 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|6 December 1956&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;[[Joseph Antic]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Leslie Claudius]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Jaman Lal Sharma]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Mohinder Lal]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Shankar Lakshman]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[John Peter (field hockey)|John Peter]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Govind Sawant]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Raghbir Singh Bhola]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Udham Singh (field hockey)|Udham Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Charanjit Singh (hockey player)|Charanjit Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Jaswant Singh (field hockey)|Jaswant Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Joginder Singh (field hockey)|Joginder Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Prithipal Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
||{{GamesName|SOG|1960}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|9 September 1960&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;[[Haripal Kaushik]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Mohinder Lal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Shankar Lakshman]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Bandu Patil]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[John Peter (field hockey)|John Peter]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Syed Ali (field hockey, born 1942)|Syed Ali]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Udham Singh (field hockey)|Udham Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Charanjit Singh (hockey player)|Charanjit Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Darshan Singh (field hockey)|Darshan Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Dharam Singh (field hockey, born 1937)|Dharam Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Gurbux Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harbinder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Jagjit Singh (field hockey)|Jagjit Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Joginder Singh (field hockey)|Joginder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Prithipal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Kullar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Rajendran Christie]] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1964}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|23 October 1964&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]] &lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt; [[Rajendran Christie]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Krishnamurty Perumal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[John Peter (field hockey)|John Peter]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Inam-ur Rahman]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Munir Sait]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ajitpal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Kullar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh Kular]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Balbir Singh (field hockey, born 1945)|Balbir Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Gurbux Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harbinder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harmik Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Inder Singh (field hockey)|Inder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Prithipal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Tarsem Singh (field hockey)|Tarsem Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; [[Jagjit Singh (field hockey)|Jagjit Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
||  {{GamesName|SOG|1968}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|26 October 1968&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt; [[B. P. Govinda]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Charles Cornelius]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Manuel Frederick]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Michael Kindo]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[V. J. Philips]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ashok Kumar (field hockey)|Ashok Kumar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[M. P. Ganesh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Krishnamurty Perumal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ajitpal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harbinder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harcharan Singh (field hockey)|Harcharan Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Harmik Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Kulwant Singh (hockey player)|Kulwant Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Mukhbain Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Virinder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Vece Paes]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1972}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1972 Summer Olympics|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|10 September 1972&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold||  &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]] &lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt; [[Vasudevan Baskaran]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Bir Bahadur Chettri]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Sylvanus Dung Dung]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Mervyn Fernandis]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Zafar Iqbal (field hockey)|Zafar Iqbal]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Maharaj Krishan Kaushik]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Charanjit Kumar]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[M. M. Somaya]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Allan Schofield]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Mohammed Shahid]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Davinder Singh (field hockey)|Davinder Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Gurmail Singh (field hockey, born 1959)|Gurmail Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Amarjit Singh Rana]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Rajinder Singh Jr.]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Ravinder Pal Singh]]&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;[[Surinder Singh Sodhi (Field Hockey)|Surinder Singh Sodhi]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
|| {{GamesName|SOG|1980}} || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Men&#039;s tournament|Men&#039;s competition]]&lt;br /&gt;
|29 July 1980&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|Leander|Paes}} || {{GamesName|SOG|1996}}|| [[File:Tennis pictogram.svg|16px|Tennis]][[Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Tennis]] || [[Tennis at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s singles|Men&#039;s singles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|3 August 1996&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|Karnam|Malleswari}}|| {{GamesName|SOG|2000}} || [[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|16px|Weightlifting]][[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s 69 kg|Women&#039;s 69 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|19 September 2000&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| {{sortname|Rajyavardhan Singh|Rathore}}|| {{GamesName|SOG|2004}} || [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|16px|Shooting]][[Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s double trap|Men&#039;s double trap]]&lt;br /&gt;
|17 August 2004&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold|| {{sortname|Abhinav|Bindra}} || rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |{{GamesName|SOG|2008}} || [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|16px|Shooting]][[Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 10 metre air rifle|Men&#039;s 10 m air rifle]]&lt;br /&gt;
|11 August 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|Vijender|Singh}} || [[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|16px|Boxing]][[Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Middleweight|Middleweight]]&lt;br /&gt;
|20 August 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|Sushil|Kumar|Sushil Kumar (wrestler)}} || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s freestyle 66 kg|Men&#039;s freestyle 66 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|21 August 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| [[Vijay Kumar (sport shooter)|Vijay Kumar]] || rowspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; |{{GamesName|SOG|2012}} || [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|16px|Shooting]][[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 25 metre rapid fire pistol|Men&#039;s 25 m rapid fire pistol]]&lt;br /&gt;
|3 August 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| {{sortname|Sushil|Kumar|Sushil Kumar (wrestler)}} || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s freestyle 66 kg|Men&#039;s freestyle 66 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|12 August 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Saina Nehwal]] || [[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|16px|Badminton]][[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|4 August 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Mary Kom]] || [[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|16px|Boxing]] [[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s flyweight|Women&#039;s flyweight]]&lt;br /&gt;
|8 August 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| {{sortname|Gagan|Narang|Gagan Narang}} || [[File:Shooting pictogram.svg|16px|Shooting]][[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Shooting]] || [[Shooting at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s 10 metre air rifle|Men&#039;s 10m air rifle]]&lt;br /&gt;
|30 July 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Yogeshwar Dutt]] || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s freestyle 60 kg|Men&#039;s freestyle 60 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|11 August 2012&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|[[P. V. Sindhu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |{{GamesName|SOG|2016}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|16px|Badminton]][[Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Badminton]]&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Badminton at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|19 August 2016&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Sakshi Malik]] || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s freestyle 58 kg|Women&#039;s freestyle 58 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|17 August 2016&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Gold medal.svg|16px]] Gold||[[Neeraj Chopra]]|| rowspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; |{{GamesName|SOG|2020}} ||[[File:Athletics pictogram.svg|16px|Athletics]][[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Athletics]] ||[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s javelin throw|Men&#039;s javelin throw]] || 7 August 2021&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/news/neeraj-chopra-tokyo-olympics-gold-medal-india-javelin-thrower|title=Tokyo 2020: Neeraj Chopra adds a golden chapter to Indian sports history|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004055818/https://olympics.com/en/news/neeraj-chopra-tokyo-olympics-gold-medal-india-javelin-thrower|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| [[Saikhom Mirabai Chanu]] || [[File:Weightlifting pictogram.svg|16px|Weightlifting]][[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Weightlifting]] || [[Weightlifting at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s 49 kg|Women&#039;s 49 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|24 July 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Silver medal.svg|16px]] Silver|| [[Ravi Kumar Dahiya]] || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s freestyle 57 kg|Men&#039;s freestyle 57 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|5 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[P. V. Sindhu]] || [[File:Badminton pictogram.svg|16px|Badminton]][[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Badminton]] || [[Badminton at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s singles|Women&#039;s singles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|1 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Lovlina Borgohain]] || [[File:Boxing pictogram.svg|16px|Boxing]][[Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Boxing]] || [[Boxing at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women&#039;s welterweight|Women&#039;s welterweight]]&lt;br /&gt;
|4 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| &lt;br /&gt;
{{Collapsible list &lt;br /&gt;
|title=[[India men&#039;s national field hockey team|Men&#039;s Field Hockey Team]]&lt;br /&gt;
|&amp;lt;hr&amp;gt;  [[Dilpreet Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Rupinder Pal Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Surender Kumar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Manpreet Singh (field hockey)|Manpreet Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Hardik Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Gurjant Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Simranjeet Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Mandeep Singh (field hockey)|Mandeep Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Harmanpreet Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Lalit Upadhyay]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[P. R. Sreejesh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Sumit (field hockey)|Sumit]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Nilakanta Sharma]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Shamsher Singh (field hockey)|Shamsher Singh]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Varun Kumar (field hockey)|Varun Kumar]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Birendra Lakra]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Amit Rohidas]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Vivek Prasad]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
 || [[File:Hockey pictogram.svg|16px|Field Hockey]][[Field hockey at the Summer Olympics|Field hockey]] || [[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s tournament|Men&#039;s tournament]]&lt;br /&gt;
|5 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[File:Bronze medal.svg|16px]] Bronze|| [[Bajrang Punia]] || [[File:Wrestling pictogram.svg|16px|Wrestling]][[Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Wrestling]] || [[Wrestling at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men&#039;s freestyle 65 kg|Men&#039;s freestyle 65 kg]]&lt;br /&gt;
|7 August 2021&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Multiple medalists ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Team sports ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
! width=150 | Athlete&lt;br /&gt;
! width=150 | Sport&lt;br /&gt;
! width=100 | Games&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] Gold&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]] Silver&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
! width=50 | Total&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Leslie Claudius]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1960&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Udham Singh (field hockey)|Udham Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1952–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;4&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Richard Allen (field hockey)|Richard James Allen]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1928–1936&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Dhyan Chand]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1928–1936&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Ranganathan Francis]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Randhir Singh Gentle]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Balbir Singh Sr.]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 3&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Shankar Lakshman]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1956–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Haripal Kaushik]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1956–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[John Peter (field hockey)|John Peter]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1960–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Prithipal Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1960–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Harbinder Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1964–1972&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;3&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Carlyle Tapsell]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1932–1936&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Roop Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1932–1936&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Jaswant Rai]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1952&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Govind Perumal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1952–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Amir Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Jaswant Singh Rajput]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1952&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Leslie Hammond]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1928–1932&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Broome Pinniger]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1928–1932&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Sayed Jaffar (field hockey)|Sayed Jaffar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1932–1936&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Keshav Dutt]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1952&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Grahanandan Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1952&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[K. D. Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1948–1952&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Raghbir Lal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1952–1956&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Joginder Singh (field hockey)|Joginder Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1960–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Charanjit Singh (hockey player)|Charanjit Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1960–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Raghbir Singh Bhola]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1956–1960&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Mohinder Lal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1960–1964&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Balkrishan Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1956–1960&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Rajendran Christie]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1964–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Balbir Singh Kullar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1964–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Jagjit Singh (field hockey)|Jagjit Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1964–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Gurbux Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1964–1968&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Krishnamurthy Perumal]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1968–1972&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Ajitpal Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1968–1972&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Harmik Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Field hockey|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1968–1972&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Individual Sports ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
! width=150 | Athlete&lt;br /&gt;
! width=150 | Sport&lt;br /&gt;
! width=100 | Games&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Gold medal olympic.svg|16px]] Gold&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Silver medal olympic.svg|16px]] Silver&lt;br /&gt;
! [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|16px]] Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
! width=50 | Total&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Norman Pritchard]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Athletics|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|1900&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 2&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[Sushil Kumar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Wrestling|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|2008–2012&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|- align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; valign=&amp;quot;middle&amp;quot; bgcolor=&amp;quot;#FFFFFF&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| [[P. V. Sindhu]]&lt;br /&gt;
|align=left| {{GamesSport|Badminton|Format=d}}&lt;br /&gt;
|2016–2020&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#F7F6A8;&amp;quot; | 0&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#DCE5E5;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
| style=&amp;quot;background:#FFDAB9;&amp;quot; | 1&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;&#039;2&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Indian men&#039;s field hockey team at the Summer Olympics ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hockey Nederland India. Elftal India, Bestanddeelnr 902-9315.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Indian field hockey team at the 1948 London Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Olympic records ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*Most matches played : 134&lt;br /&gt;
*Most wins : 83&lt;br /&gt;
*Most goals scored : 458&lt;br /&gt;
*Least goals conceded in a single tournament:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team|title=Indian field hockey records|access-date=14 August 2021|archive-date=14 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814144944/https://khelnow.com/olympic-sports/top-five-records-of-indian-mens-hockey-team|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; 0, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} &amp;amp; {{GamesName|SOG|1956}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Biggest margin of victory  : {{fh|USA}} 1–24 {{fh|IND|British}}, {{GamesName|SOG|1932}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Biggest margin of victory at an Olympic final : {{fh|GER|Nazi}} 1–8 {{fh|IND|British}}, {{GamesName|SOG|1936}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Biggest winning streak : 30–0, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|1960}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most goals scored in a single tournament : 43, {{GamesName|SOG|1980}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most back-to-back titles : 6 {{OG1}} Gold medals, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|1956}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most goals scored by a single player in a match : 10 goals by [[Roop Singh]] v/s {{fh|USA}}, {{GamesName|SOG|1932}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most goals scored by a single player in an Olympic final : 5 goals by [[Balbir Singh Sr.]] vs {{fh|NED}}, {{GamesName|SOG|1952}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most consecutive medals won : 10 medals, (7 {{OG1}} Gold, 1 {{OG2}} Silver, 2 {{OG3}} Bronze), {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|1972}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most appearances in total : 21&lt;br /&gt;
*Most consecutive appearances : 18, {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} – {{GamesName|SOG|2004}}, Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
*Most titles won : 8 {{OG1}} Gold medals&lt;br /&gt;
*Most medals won : 12 (8 {{OG1}} Gold, 1 {{OG2}} Silver, 3 {{OG3}} Bronze), Men&#039;s tournament&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Medal table ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Stamp of India - 1972 - Colnect 372277 - Hockey player - olympics rings.jpeg|right|thumb|180px|Indian postal stamp, 1972]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Stamp of India - 1992 - Colnect 164317 - Men s Hockey.jpeg|right|thumb|150px|Indian postal stamp, 1992]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Stamp of India - 2004 - Colnect 158521 - 28th Olympics.jpeg|right|thumb|180px|Indian postal stamp, 2004]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Games || Ranking &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1908}} || Did not enter&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1920}} || Did not enter&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1928}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1932}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1936}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1948}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1952}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1956}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=silver&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1960}} || {{OG2}} Silver&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1964}} || {{OG1}} Gold &lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=&amp;quot;#c96&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1968}} || {{OG3}} Bronze &lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=&amp;quot;#c96&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1972}} || {{OG3}} Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1976}} || 7th&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/how-indian-hockey-team-olympic-games-gold-medals|title=Indian hockey men at the Olympics: A gold-laden history|access-date=15 September 2022|archive-date=15 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915151135/https://olympics.com/en/featured-news/how-indian-hockey-team-olympic-games-gold-medals|url-status=live}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=gold&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1980}} || {{OG1}} Gold&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1984}} || 5th&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1988}} || 6th&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1992}} || 7th&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|1996}} || 8th&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2000}} || 7th&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2004}} || 7th&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=pink&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2008}} || Did not qualify&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2012}} || 12th&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2016}} || 8th&lt;br /&gt;
|- bgcolor=&amp;quot;#c96&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| {{GamesName|SOG|2020}} || {{OG3}} Bronze&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sport in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of flag bearers for India at the Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the Paralympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the World Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the Asian Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the Commonwealth Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the Lusofonia Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[India at the South Asian Games]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Olympic Gold Quest]] &lt;br /&gt;
*&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite web |title=India |publisher=International Olympic Committee |url=https://www.olympic.org/india }}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite web |title=India |publisher=Olympedia.com |url=http://www.olympedia.org/countries/IND }}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite web |title=Olympic Analytics/IND |publisher=olympanalyt.com |url=http://olympanalyt.com/OlympAnalytics.php?param_pagetype=MedalsByGames&amp;amp;param_country=IND }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nations at the Olympics}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{National sports teams of India}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Olympic medalists for India}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:India at the Olympics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:History of sport in India]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swarajbir_Singh&amp;diff=432823</id>
		<title>Swarajbir Singh</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swarajbir_Singh&amp;diff=432823"/>
		<updated>2023-10-06T11:01:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Indian Punjabi playwright, poet, and editor}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = Swarajbir-N Delhi-1998-Pic Amarjit Chandan.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| alt           = Swarajbir in 1998&lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = Swarajbir in 1998, Photo by [[Amarjit Chandan]] &lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Swarajbir&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name   = {{PUNJABI|ਸਵਰਾਜਬੀਰ}}&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name_lang = pa&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = Swarajbir Singh&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth year and age|1958}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = [[Verka]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date    =&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place   = &lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = Indian&lt;br /&gt;
| education     = MBBS&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Playwright, Poet, Journalist, Administrator &lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = 1980s to present&lt;br /&gt;
| employer      = [[The Tribune|The Tribune Trust]] &amp;lt;small&amp;gt; (editor)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[[Indian Police Service]] &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Director General of Police)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Central Industrial Security Force &amp;lt;small&amp;gt; (Inspector General).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Singh |first1=Nonika |title=Policeman&#039;s pen |url=https://m.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110710/spectrum/book9.htm |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=tribuneindia.com |publisher=The Tribune}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;/small&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Punjab Civil Medical Services &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Doctor) &amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| notable_works =  Dharam Guru (1999), Krishna (2000), Medni (2002), Shairi (2004), and Masia di Rāt (2013)&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse        = Arvinder Kaur &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Wife)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| children      = Manraj Singh &amp;lt;small&amp;gt;(Son)&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| awards        =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Swarajbir Singh&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{lang-pa|{{PUNJABI|ਸਵਰਾਜਬੀਰ}}}}; born 24 April 1958) is an Indian Punjabi playwright, poet, administrator, and editor. He received the [[Sahitya Akademi Award]] for his play Masia di Rāt (2016)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;award-ie&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Parul |title=&#039;I dedicate this award to the people of Punjab&#039;, says Sahitya Akademi Award winner Swarajbir |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/i-dedicate-this-award-to-the-people-of-punjab-sayssahitya-akademi-award-winner-swarajbir-4439481/ |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=The Indian Express |date=December 22, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At present he is the editor-in-chief of the daily newspaper [[Punjabi Tribune]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pt-editor&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Swaraj Bir Singh joins as Punjabi Tribune Editor |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/punjab/swaraj-bir-singh-joins-as-punjabi-tribune-editor-645895 |website=The Tribune |access-date=2 September 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He is also a nominated  member of [[Punjabi University]]’s Senate.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |first1=HT |title=Punjabi University senate meets after five years |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/punjabi-university-senate-meets-after-five-years-101631816710728.html |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=Sep 16, 2021}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He served as a Medical doctor in a rural government dispensary in Gurdaspur district during 1983-1984. He entered civil services in India Defence Accounts in 1984. He joined the Indian Police Service in 1986. He was allotted Assam-Meghalaya Cadre&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Swaraj Bir Singh is new Meghalaya DGP |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/swaraj-bir-singh-is-new-meghalaya-dgp-117032500698_1.html |website=Business Standard |access-date=2 September 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and retired as Director General of Police Meghalaya, Shillong in July 2018.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |last1=Bhattacharjee |first1=Sudipta |title=An Officer and a Gentleman |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/culture/an-officer-and-a-gentleman/cid/1837622 |website=The Telegraph Online |publisher=The Telegraph | date= 7 November 2021 |access-date=2 September 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Early life==&lt;br /&gt;
Swarajbir was born in the village of Verka, district of Amritsar, Punjab, India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=SWARAJBIR - Jagjit Singh Anand Memorial Award Winner-2021 |url=https://www.anandawards.in/swarajbir |website=Anand Awards |access-date=2 September 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His native village is Dharmabad but he grew up in villages Nawan Pind Mallowali and Ghuman in Gurdaspur district.  He studied medicine at the Government Medical College, Amritsar. &lt;br /&gt;
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==Writing Career==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Swarajbir is a prolific playwright.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;award-ht&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |last1=Correspondent |first1=HT |title=IPS officer Swaraj Bir Singh wins Sahitya Akademi Award for Punjabi play |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/ips-officer-swarajbir-wins-sahitya-akademi-award-for-punjabi-playwright/story-aAZbd63TqjsgCtoKb49ZyI.html |access-date=4 September 2023 |work=www.hindustantimes.com |publisher=Hindustan Times |date=Dec 22, 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; His plays have been staged all over India and have won several awards. Swarajbir began writing poetry in the early 1980s.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;award-ie&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; His first collection of poems, Apni Apni Rāt (1985), was awarded the Prof. Mohan Singh Puraskar by Guru Nanak Dev University. He contributed writing to the Punjabi literary magazines Preet Lari, Aks and Wahga&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His work has been praised for its strong social and political commentary.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;award-ie&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; His plays often deal with themes of oppression, injustice, and the struggle for freedom. Critic Pankaj K Singh remarks, &amp;quot;Swarajbir’s social commitment and humanistic vision make him repeatedly build an interrogative discourse, questioning the unjust ideologies and practices of the dominant classes and clans in myths, history or contemporary reality and raising the voice of the oppressed.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;book-harjodh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In the opinion of contemporary playwright [[Atamjit]], &amp;quot;Swarajbir is known for in-depth study of his material and dramatic action that is largely based either on history or mythology; he invariably addresses the contemporary society.”3&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Siṅgh |first1=Ātamajīt |title=New Wave Punjabi Drama: Six Punjabi Plays in English |date=2014 |publisher=Punjabi Academy, Delhi |isbn=9789382455233 |pages=22-23}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Swarajbir’s plays based on history and contemporary issues have attracted the attention of historians as well. Historian Anshu Malhotra who has analysed Swarajbir&#039;s play &#039;Shiary (Poetry)&#039; along with Shahryar’s ‘Piro Preman’ and Vijender Das’s ‘Sant Kaviyitri Ma Piro’ writes in context of that play, “Swarajbir puts his heroine in the feminist mold, even while indicating that feminism may be a ruse to categorise women who don’t fit into culturally sanctioned roles”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Malhotra |first1=Anshu |title=Piro and the Gulabdasis : gender, sect, and society in Punjab |date=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New Delhi, India |isbn=9780199468188}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Historian Raj Kumar Hans has analysed his unpublished but staged play ‘Kachi Garhi’ in the historical context; according to Hans, “Swarajbir consciously searches for the counter currents which have been marginalized from established historiography.”&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;book-harjodh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Historian Bhagwan Josh has evaluated his play Tasweeran in the historical situation of Punjabi women.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;book-harjodh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; His poetry is known for its lyrical beauty and its exploration of the human condition.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;interview-lv&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kaur |first1=Sapanpreet |title=An Interview with Dr. Swarajbir Singh, Sahitya Akademi Awardee for 2016 |journal=Literary Voice |date=March 2018 |volume=1 |issue=8 |pages=5–13 |url=https://www.literaryvoice.in/img/lv_2018.pdf |access-date=2 September 2023}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Swarajbir is a major figure in Punjabi literature. He is a recipient of numerous awards and honors,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;award-ht&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;, and his work has been translated into several languages.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
==Works==&lt;br /&gt;
Here are list of works by Swarajbir Singh&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;book-harjodh&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book |last1=Singh |first1=Harjodh |title=Swarajbir da nāt jagat |date=2016 |publisher=Chetna Parkashan |location=Ludhiana, Punjab |isbn=9789351121886 |pages=446-448 &amp;lt;!--|url= |access-date=28 September 2023--&amp;gt;}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Published Plays===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Dharama Guru&#039;&#039; (1999)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Krishna&#039;&#039; (2000)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Medni&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Earth&#039;&#039;) (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Shiari&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Poetry&#039;&#039;) (2004)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Kallar&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Alkaline Earth&#039;&#039; (2006)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Masia Di Rāt&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Moonless Night&#039;&#039;)(2013)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Tasveeran&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Pictures&#039;&#039;) (2014, published the anthology Nat-Sarvar edited by [[Kewal Dhaliwal]]) (2017 published independently)&lt;br /&gt;
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* &#039;&#039;Haq&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Rights&#039;&#039;) (2015)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Agni Kund&#039;&#039;(&#039;&#039;The Fire Put&#039;&#039;) (2016)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Unpublished Plays===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Jan da Meet&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;A Representative of the People&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Pul-Sirāt&#039;&#039; (Mythological bridge over hell while crossing over to Heaven on the Day of Judgment)&lt;br /&gt;
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* &#039;&#039;Kachi Garhi&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Mud-Fortress&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039; Fasal&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Harvest&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039; Eh Gallan Kade Phir Karange&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;We will talk about these things sometimes later&#039;&#039;) ( Nine monologues)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039; Ahilaya&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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* &#039;&#039;Mahadand&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;The Great Punishment&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
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===Essays===&lt;br /&gt;
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* &#039;&#039;Teri Dharti Tere Lok&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Your Earth Your People&#039;&#039;), Monthly Column against the terrorism of the 1980s published in Punjabi Magazine Preet Lari in 1988-89.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Poetry===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Apni Apni Rāt&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Everybody&#039;s own night&#039;&#039;) (1985)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Sahan Thani&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Through our Breath&#039;&#039;) (1989)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*  &#039;&#039;23 March&#039;&#039; (1993), (&#039;&#039;Poems  in memory of [[Pash]]&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Awards and nominations==&lt;br /&gt;
Here are list of awards and nominations&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;book-harjodh&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Year&lt;br /&gt;
!Award&lt;br /&gt;
!Institute&lt;br /&gt;
!Work&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1986||Prof Mohan Singh Puraskar||[[Guru Nanak Dev University]]||&#039;&#039;Apni Apni Rāt&#039;&#039;||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|1995||Kavita Puraskar||[[Punjabi Academy|Punjabi Academy, Delhi]]||&#039;&#039;23 March&#039;&#039;||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2000||Natak Puraskar||[[Punjabi Academy|Punjabi Academy, Delhi]]||&#039;&#039;Dharam Guru&#039;&#039;||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2001||Ambedkar Puraskar||Manavwadi Manch, Jallandhar||Literature||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2002||Sukhdev Preet Yadgari Puraskar||Manch-Rangmanch||Literature||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2002||PULS Manch Puraskar||PULS Manch||Literature|| PULS Manch headed by [[Gursharan Singh (theatre director)|Gursharn Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2005||Kalam Puraskar||||Literature||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2010||Param Sahit Seva Puraskar||[[Punjabi Academy|Punjabi Academy, Delhi]]||Literature|| for overall contribution to Punjabi literature.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2013||Dr. Jagtar Yadgari Puraskar||||Literature|| An award in the memory of Punjabi poet Jagtar, for Swarajbir’s contribution to Punjabi poetry and drama&lt;br /&gt;
|- &lt;br /&gt;
|2015||Virsa Vihar Puraskar||Virsa Vihar of Amritsar||Literature|| For overall contribution to Punjabi theatre 2015&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2015||Sahitarth Puraskar||Shabad-Lok Organization||Literature||Given in honour of late Punjabi litterateur Shri Sant Singh Sekhon for Swarajbir’s overall contribution to Punjabi Litterature&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2016||[[Sahitya Akademi Award]]||[[Sahitya Akademi]]||&#039;&#039;Masia di Rāt&#039;&#039;||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|2018||Punjabi Sahit Sabha Delhi Puraskar||Punjabi Sahit Sabha Delhi||Literature|| Along with [[Amarjit Chandan]] and Jang Bahadur Goyal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Singh, Swarajbir}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1958 births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Punjabi poets]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripurari_Sharma&amp;diff=432839</id>
		<title>Tripurari Sharma</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripurari_Sharma&amp;diff=432839"/>
		<updated>2023-10-04T22:23:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Indian playwright (1956–2023)}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Tripurari Sharma&#039;&#039;&#039; (1956 – 1 October 2023) was an Indian playwright, stage director and screenwriter known for &#039;&#039;[[Mirch Masala]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Sanshodhan]]&#039;&#039;. He died on 1 October 2023, at the age of 67.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/entertainment/2614498-theatre-veteran-ex-national-school-of-drama-professor-tripurari-sharma-passes-away Theatre veteran, ex-National School of Drama professor Tripurari Sharma passes away]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sharma, Tripurari}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1956 births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2023 deaths]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian directors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian screenwriters]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian dramatists and playwrights]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{India-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Sikh_Organization&amp;diff=432430</id>
		<title>World Sikh Organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_Sikh_Organization&amp;diff=432430"/>
		<updated>2023-09-19T17:41:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;#039;The World Sikh Organisation was formed in 1984 after Operation Bluestar it claims to be a human rights organisation although some media organisations view it as...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox organization&lt;br /&gt;
| name                = World Sikh Organization&lt;br /&gt;
| logo                = World Sikh Organization logo.svg&lt;br /&gt;
| logo_size           = 150&lt;br /&gt;
| caption             = Logo of the World Sikh Organization&lt;br /&gt;
| motto               = &amp;quot;To work for the promotion of the ideals of universal brotherhood, peace, justice, freedom of worship and speech, respect for cultural diversity and human dignity for all, without any distinction&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| formation           = 1984&lt;br /&gt;
| headquarters        = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]] &amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| type                = [[Civil rights|Civil rights law]]&lt;br /&gt;
| leader_title        = President&lt;br /&gt;
| leader_name         = Tejinder Singh Sidhu&lt;br /&gt;
| key_people          = &lt;br /&gt;
| website             = [http://worldsikh.org/ http://worldsikh.org/]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;World Sikh Organization&#039;&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;&#039;WSO&#039;&#039;&#039;) is a [[Sikh]] religious and [[non-profit organization]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WSOCabout&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; whose 1984 founding goal was &amp;quot;to provide an effective, credible  voice to represent Sikh interests on the world stage&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WSOCabout&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|quote=The WSO is a non-profit international umbrella organization founded in 1984 as an international organization, with a mandate to promote and protect the interests of the Sikh Diaspora, as well as to promote and advocate the protection of human rights for all individuals, irrespective of race, religion, gender, ethnicity, and social and economic status. The WSO of Canada was registered with the Government of Canada as a non-profit organization, under the name World Sikh Organization of Canada|url=http://worldsikh.ca/about/|title=About WSO|publisher=World Sikh Organization of Canada|access-date=2009-09-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; after [[Operation Blue Star]].  Its stated goal is &amp;quot;to promote and protect the interests of  the Sikh [[Diaspora]]&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WSOCabout&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; and &amp;quot;promote and advocate for&amp;quot; human rights.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WSOCabout&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Tejinder Singh Sidhu currently serves as President of the organization.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldsikh.org/our_team |title=Our team |access-date=2016-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308052929/http://www.worldsikh.org/our_team |archive-date=2016-03-08 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The World Sikh Organization (WSO) was formed after an international gathering of Sikhs on July 28, 1984 at [[Madison Square Garden]] in [[New York City]], [[New York State|New York]] which included several thousand people from the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and several countries in the far east.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Tatla 95–97&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite book|last=Tatla|first=Darshan Singh|title=The Sikh Diaspora: The Search for Statehood (Global Diasporas)|date=April 1999|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=978-0-295-97714-0|pages=95–97}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The organisation was formed with two branches, WSO-Canada and WSO-America, and headquarters in Ottawa and New York.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WSO and is involved in various community issues including the right to wear turbans, right to wear [[kirpan]]s,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://sencanada.ca/en/Content/Sen/committee/381/lega/21evb-e Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs. Afternoon session. July 13, 2005.] Parliament of Canada.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and [[Gurdwara]] management. WSO officials are chosen through a mix of elections and nominations.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Tatla 95–97&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Activities==&lt;br /&gt;
The World Sikh Organization has advocated increased religious freedoms.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;India Today 2015&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | title=NRI Sikh body starts leadership training programme for youth : Mail Today, News | website=India Today | date=26 August 2015 | url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/nri-sikh-body-starts-leadership-training-programme-for-youth/1/461067.html | access-date=26 August 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It helped [[Baltej Singh Dhillon]] to fight discrimination and wear a turban in his role as a member of the  [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]]. It has also helped Sikhs in Canada in court cases involving the wearing of [[kirpan]]s. In addition it has supported other groups in asserting their rights, including Orthodox Jewish men wearing the [[yarmulke]], Muslim women wearing the [[niqab]], and a Scottish high school student wearing a [[kilt]] to his graduation ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{rquote|left|&#039;&#039;Hamish Jacobs... should be able to practice his cultural background and honour his Scottish roots...a kilt should be one of those practices that is protected, just like the turban is, just like the yarmulke is.&#039;&#039;|Balpreet Singh, Legal Counsel, WSO Canada&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20100526/sikh-kilt-support-100526/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927034539/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20100526/sikh-kilt-support-100526|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 27, 2010|title=Alberta high school student wins right to wear kilt - CTV News|date=May 26, 2010|publisher=CTV.ca|access-date=23 July 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
WSO has been involved as an intervener in several prominent human rights cases at both the provincial level and at the Supreme Court of Canada, including Syndicat Northcrest v. Amselem [2004] 2 S.C.R. 551&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2004/2004scc47/2004scc47.pdf |title=Archived copy |website=www.canlii.org |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325034627/http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/scc/doc/2004/2004scc47/2004scc47.pdf |archive-date=25 March 2021 |url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; regarding the right of Jewish residents to build succah huts on their condominium balconies and Multani v. Commission scolaire Marguerite-Bourgeoys, [2006] 1 S.C.R. 256, 2006 SCC 6&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://scc.lexum.org/en/2006/2006scc6/2006scc6.pdf |title=Data|website=scc.lexum.org}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; in which the Supreme Court of Canada affirmed the right of Sikh students to wear kirpans to school.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During Justice John Major&#039;s Inquiry into the [[Air India Flight 182|Air India bombing]], the WSO applied for and was granted [[Intervention (law)|intervener]] status,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;canada1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=4cfe09bc-dc8e-4e6c-9840-17932742b086 |title=Witness intimidation a serious problem, Air India inquiry hears |publisher=Canada.com |date=2007-10-29 |access-date=2009-09-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;proceedings&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.majorcomm.ca/en/submissions/12WSO%20-%20Final%20Submissions.pdf|title=SUBMISSIONS BY THE INTERVENER WORLD SIKH ORGANIZATION OF CANADA BEFORE THE COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO THE INVESTIGATION OF THE BOMBING OF AIR INDIA FLIGHT 182|publisher=www.majorcomm.ca|access-date=2009-09-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and applied for leave to call witnesses who would testify about the role of Indian intelligence agents in the Sikh community in Canada and information the [[Government of India]] may have had about the bombing.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;canada1&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;  In its final submissions to the Inquiry, the WSO expressed its disappointment with the proceedings, including suggestions that there was &amp;quot;inadequate protection of witnesses&amp;quot; from intimidation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;proceedings&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Terry Milewski]] reported in a 2006 documentary for the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|CBC]]&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbcca-extremism&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/sikh-politics-in-canada-symbols-and-suits-2007-1.2859498|title=Sikh politics in Canada. Symbols and suits. Sikh extremism enters mainstream Canadian politics|last=Milewski|first=Terry|date=June 28, 2007|publisher=CBC|access-date=2009-05-31}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; that a minority within Canada&#039;s Sikh community was gaining political influence even while publicly supporting terrorist acts in the struggle for an independent Sikh state.&lt;br /&gt;
In response, the WSO sued the CBC for &amp;quot;defamation, slander and libel&amp;quot;, alleging that Milewski linked it to terrorism and damaged the reputation of the WSO within the Sikh community.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WSOsuesCBC&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/2007/07/11/sikh_organization_sues_cbc.html|title=Sikh organization sues CBC|last=Grewal |first=San|publisher=Toronto Star|access-date=2009-05-19 | date=2007-07-11}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=tribisue&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070713/world.htm#4 |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - World |publisher=Tribuneindia.com |access-date=2009-09-24}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Canadian MP [[Ujjal Dosanjh]] and reporter Terry Milewski were also named in the suit for their alleged remarks in the 2007 documentary &amp;quot;Samosa Politics&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=tribisue/&amp;gt; The court case did not proceed to trial and in December 2015, the parties agreed to unconditionally end the proceedings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The World Sikh Organization of Canada (WSO) worked with Ammerdeep Singh and the Yellow Cab taxi company to reach a mutually acceptable resolution regarding the company’s dress code and his style of turban.  On July 7, Mr. Singh’s ID was frozen due to an alleged violation of Yellow Cab’s driver dress code. The issue in question was that of Mr. Singh’s choice of turban style. WSO worked with Yellow Cab to create a formal turban dress code policy for the company’s Sikh drivers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsikh.org/yellow_cab_turban_dispute_resolved|title=Yellow Cab turban dispute resolved}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In October 2011, WSO helped Seneca College student Jaspreet Singh secure the right to freely wear his kirpan on campus, and worked with Seneca College in developing a policy document with respect to the kirpan as well as training materials for faculty, students and security.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsikh.org/wso_helps_resolve_seneca_college_kirpan_issue|title=WSO Helps Resolve Seneca College Kirpan Issue}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Human Rights Law Network (HRLN) and the World Sikh Organization of Canada (WSO) announced the inauguration of the Khalra Centre for Human Rights Defenders in New Delhi during a conference held in collaboration with other human rights groups from across India on November 19 and 20, 2011. The Centre has been established to serve as a legal resource for human rights defenders who find themselves in danger or who are attacked and also to undertake research into human rights issues. The foundation of the Centre was welcomed by the human rights defenders present and all attendees rose to pay their respects to the memory of S. Khalra.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsikh.org/wso_hrln_inaugurate_khalra_centre_for_human_rights_defenders|title=WSO &amp;amp; HRLN Inaugurate Khalra Centre for Human Rights Defenders}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are WSO chapters in every major Canadian city.  WSO works with other interfaith and human rights organizations to promote awareness and education about human rights issues, in addition to providing education about the Sikh faith.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |url=http://worldsikh.ca/page/activities |title=Activities |access-date=2011-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111060340/http://worldsikh.ca/page/activities |archive-date=2011-11-11 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.worldsikh.org/ World Sikh Organization of Canada]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sikh politics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sikh organisations]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Political advocacy groups in Canada]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalliyankattu_Neeli_(film)&amp;diff=426280</id>
		<title>Kalliyankattu Neeli (film)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalliyankattu_Neeli_(film)&amp;diff=426280"/>
		<updated>2023-09-06T04:18:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{for|the folklore character|Kalliyankattu Neeli}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox film&lt;br /&gt;
| name           = Kalliyankatu Neeli&lt;br /&gt;
| image          = Kalliyankattu Neeli.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| image_size     = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption        = Poster&lt;br /&gt;
| director       = [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]]&lt;br /&gt;
| producer       = M. Mani&lt;br /&gt;
| writer         = [[Jagathy N. K. Achary]]&lt;br /&gt;
| screenplay     = Jagathy N. K. Achary&lt;br /&gt;
| starring       = {{ubl|[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]]|[[Jayabharathi]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]|[[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]]|[[Praveena]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
| music          = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Lyrics:&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;[[Bichu Thirumala]]&lt;br /&gt;
| cinematography = Bala Sundaram&lt;br /&gt;
| editing        = [[K. P. Hariharaputhran|K. P. Puthran]]&lt;br /&gt;
| studio         = Sunitha Productions&lt;br /&gt;
| distributor    = Sunitha Productions&lt;br /&gt;
| released       = {{Film date|1979|02|09|df=y}}&lt;br /&gt;
| country        = [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
| language       = [[Malayalam Language|Malayalam]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Kalliyankattu Neeli&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; is a [[List of Malayalam films of 1979|1979]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language horror film,  directed by [[M. Krishnan Nair (director)|M. Krishnan Nair]] and produced by M. Mani. The film stars [[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]], [[Jayabharathi]], [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] and [[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]] in the lead roles. The film has musical score by [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.malayalachalachithram.com/movie.php?i=1052|title=Kalliyankaattu Neeli|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=www.malayalachalachithram.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://spicyonion.com/title/kalliyankattu-neeli-malayalam-movie/|title=Kalliyankaattu Neeli|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=spicyonion.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cast==&lt;br /&gt;
{{colbegin}} &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Madhu (actor)|Madhu]] as Hemachandran&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jayabharathi]] as Latha, Latha&#039;s sister (disguised as Neeli) double role&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sudheer (Malayalam actor)|Sudheer]] as Neelamma&#039;s husband&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Ugran Vaasu&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Manavalan Joseph]] as Watcher Velappan Pillai&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Praveena Bhagyaraj|Praveena]] as Neelamma&lt;br /&gt;
*Mancheri Chandran as Sunny&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Adoor Bhavani]] as Gouriyamma&lt;br /&gt;
*Aryad Gopalakrishnan as Govindan&lt;br /&gt;
*Noohu as Shankari&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Paravoor Bharathan]] as Suryakaladi Bhattadiri&lt;br /&gt;
*Pushpa as Dolly&lt;br /&gt;
*[[T. P. Madhavan]] as Hippie&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Veeran]] as Settu&lt;br /&gt;
{{colend}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Soundtrack ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Track listing&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| extra_column = Artist(s)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| headline   = Track listing &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://malayalasangeetham.info/m.php?4716|title=കള്ളിയങ്കാട്ടു നീലി (1979)|accessdate=2014-10-12|publisher=malayalasangeetham.info}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| all_lyrics = [[Bichu Thirumala]]&lt;br /&gt;
| all_music  = [[Shyam (composer)|Shyam]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| title1 = Nizhalaay Ozhukivarum&lt;br /&gt;
| extra1 = [[S. Janaki]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| title2 = Om Raktha Chaamundeshwari&lt;br /&gt;
| extra2 = [[K. J. Yesudas]], [[Choir]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
| title3 = Swarnam Menja&lt;br /&gt;
| extra3 = K. J. Yesudas&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IMDb title|0332170|Kalliyankattu Neeli}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1979 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1970s Malayalam-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Films directed by M. Krishnan Nair]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Films scored by Shyam (composer)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{1970s-Malayalam-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramkishan_Suthar&amp;diff=395066</id>
		<title>Ramkishan Suthar</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ramkishan_Suthar&amp;diff=395066"/>
		<updated>2023-07-18T04:13:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Shared an engaging piece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{coi}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name               = Ramkishan Suthar&lt;br /&gt;
| image              = Ramkishan Suthar.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
| other_names        = Ram&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date         = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place        = &lt;br /&gt;
| nationality        = [[India]]n&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation         = {{hlist|Director|Editor|Photographer}}&lt;br /&gt;
| yearsactive        = 2014{{ndash}}present&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Ramkishan Suthar&#039;&#039;&#039; is an Indian film director and editor who works in Hindi cinema.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |title=श्रीडूंगरगढ़ के रामकिशन ने बॉलीवुड में बिखेरी चमक |work=Patrika News |url=https://epaper.patrika.com/Home/ShareArticle?OrgId=53ad236172&amp;amp;imageview=1&amp;amp;standalone=1}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Early life ==&lt;br /&gt;
He attended Govt. High School in [[Dungargarh|Sri Dungargarh]] for his early schooling and graduated from [[Maharaja Ganga Singh University]] in [[Bikaner]], Rajasthan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Career ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ramkishan Suthar with Gopal Dutt.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ramkishan Suthar with [[Gopal Datt]] at International Film Festival 2014]]&lt;br /&gt;
After completing his education, Suthar started his journey as a film director in 2014. One day, while passing by his college, he saw the poster of Sand Dunes International Film Festival 2014. He made a short film called &amp;quot;A Short&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=A Short |url=https://filmfreeway.com/AShort |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; together with a friend for the purpose of participating in the festival. The film was aimed at raising awareness about education.  It was selected for screening at the Sand Dunes International Short Film Festival in 2014 and nominated in the Best Awareness category.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Sand Dunes International Short Film Festival |url=https://filmfreeway.com/SandDunesInternationalShortFilmFestival |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=FilmFreeway |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He has also edited and directed songs, one of which is Kali Thar Song&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Citation |title=Kali Kali Gadi Me Gumado Bhartar {{!}}{{!}} YOUNGESTCOUPLE {{!}}{{!}} MR. RADHEY SONAM CHAUDHARY{{!}}{{!}}@MurliRecords |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJGg3x-XhSE |access-date=2023-07-08 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; which has more than 26 million views and Kotal Ghudlo Song&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Citation |title=Kotal Ghudlo {{!}} कोतल घुड़लो - Sonu Kanwar {{!}} SP Jodha {{!}} Youngest Couple {{!}} New Rajasthani {{!}} Latest 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35KiryQtOm0 |access-date=2023-07-08 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; which has more than 8 million views. He works with [[Zee Music Company]] as a editor.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Citation |title=Baisa Ra Beera {{!}} Neha Bareth &amp;amp; Narendra Singh {{!}} SP Jodha {{!}} Latest Rajasthani Song 2022 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HynhDeE81IM |access-date=2023-07-08 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Citation |title=Hichki {{!}} Manisha Saini {{!}} Naveen Sharma {{!}} Aashish Gour, Himanshi Gour {{!}} Latest Rajasthani Song |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OOEHxsfG5Q |access-date=2023-07-08 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He also edited the 2023 film [[Ab Dilli Dur Nahin (2023 film)|&#039;&#039;Ab Dilli Dur Nahin&#039;&#039;]], where a reviewer called his editing &amp;quot;loose&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Hindi movies Database {{!}} Ab Dilli Dur Nahin (2023) {{!}} Bollymints |url=https://bollymints.com/movies/ab-dilli-dur-nahin-2023 |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=bollymints.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Information |first=Film |title=AB DILLI DUR NAHIN&#039; REVIEW {{!}} 19 May 2023 |work=Film Information |url=https://filminformation.com/featured/ab-dilli-dur-nahin-review-19-may-2023/}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Style and approach ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Ramkishan Suthar with Raghu Rai in Jaipur.jpg|thumb|Suthar with [[Raghu Rai]] at the [[Nikon]] event in [[Jaipur]] in 2016]]&lt;br /&gt;
He worked with [[Nikon]] as creator and his photograph of Rampuria Haveli, [[Bikaner]],&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Srushti |first=Srushti |title=Revel In The Rustic City Of Bikaner In Rajasthan |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/travel-guide/revel-in-the-rustic-city-of-bikaner-in-rajasthan-004188.html}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=admflock |title=Bikaner, Rajasthan&#039;s Eco-friendly Purple City - Flockeo |url=https://flockeo.com/en/bikaner-rajasthan-purple-city/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Flockeo, sustainable tourism |language=en-US}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; was published in a magazine yearbook.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Binayak |first=Poonam |title=The Best Places to Visit in Bikaner, Rajasthan |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/best-places-visit-bikaner-rajasthan/ |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=Culture Trip |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Filmography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== As director ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;A Short&#039;&#039; (2014; short film) (nominated for Best Awareness Film Category)&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Superstar&#039;&#039; (2015; music video)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== As editor ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Marksheet&#039;&#039; (2019)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news |last=Kaur |first=Amarjeet |title=Mahesh Bhatt&#039;s next film &#039;Marksheet&#039; based on education scam |work=The Indian Wire |url=https://www.theindianwire.com/education/mahesh-bhatts-next-film-marksheet-based-education-scam-125889/}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;{{Fv|reason=Source does not mention article subject}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Suhana Tere Sang&#039;&#039; (2022; music video)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Citation |title=Nabeel Khan - Suhana Tere Sang (Official Video) ft. Ronak Habib {{!}} Madhushree Narayan |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_uq5Ak01sk |access-date=2023-07-08 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |title=Come Fall In Love Again With Suhana Tere Sang By Nabeel Khan |url=http://www.5dariyanews.com/news/388599-Come-Fall-In-Love-Again-With-Suhana-Tere-Sang-By-Nabeel-Khan |access-date=2023-07-06 |website=5 Dariya News}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Kali Thar&#039;&#039; (2022; music video)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;[[Ab Dilli Dur Nahin (2023 film)|Ab Dilli Dur Nahin]]&#039;&#039; (2023) &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |title=Ramkishan Suthar, Filmography, Movies, Ramkishan Suthar News, Videos, Songs, Images, Box Office, Trailers, Interviews - Bollywood Hungama |website=[[Bollywood Hungama]] |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/ramkishan-suthar/ |access-date=2023-05-09 |language=en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;Adhwanit&#039;&#039; (TBA; short film)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IMDb name|9565360}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.instagram.com/ramkishan950 Ramkishan Suthar] at [[Instagram]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/celebrity/ramkishan-suthar Ramkishan Suthar] at [[Bollywood Hungama]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Suthar, Ramkishan}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Hindi film editors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian photographers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Living people]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1995 births]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend&amp;diff=394944</id>
		<title>List of people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people,_clan,_and_place_names_in_Germanic_heroic_legend&amp;diff=394944"/>
		<updated>2023-07-17T20:27:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Just published an informative work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Wikipedia list}}&lt;br /&gt;
Names only appearing in &#039;&#039;[[Widsith]]&#039;&#039; with no further information are excluded from the list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== A-C ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; width: 100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Modernized name&lt;br /&gt;
!Names in medieval languages&lt;br /&gt;
!Name meaning and/or identification&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Amals]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Amelunge}}, {{lang-non|Aumlungar}}, {{lang-ang|Amulinga}} in [[Alfred the Great]]&#039;s translation of [[Boethius]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=6}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Gothic Amal dynasty, to which Theodoric the Great and Ermanaric belonged. Name probably derived from Gothic *amals (bravery, vigor).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=6}} The medieval versions add the suffix &#039;&#039;-ung&#039;&#039; indicating &amp;quot;belonging to&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=23}} &#039;&#039;Amelungenland&#039;&#039; (ON &#039;&#039;Amlungaland&#039;&#039;) refers to Dietrich&#039;s kingdom in northern Italy (see also Lombardy).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=18}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In Middle High German epic, used for Dietrich von Bern&#039;s relatives.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=5}} This name is used exclusively and instead of the term &amp;quot;Goth&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=18}} In &#039;&#039;Dietrichs Flucht&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Rabenschlacht&#039;&#039;, Dietrich&#039;s followers are split between Amelungs and Wolfings, whereas in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, all his followers are Amelungs.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=5}} The &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; confuses &#039;&#039;Amlungaland&#039;&#039; with the land of the Harlungen, who in German sources are associated with Breisach and the south Rhine.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=18-22}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Amoþingas&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| See Hinnøya&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ænenas&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ǣnenas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; that can not be identified. Perhaps, they are identical to the [[Nuithones]] of [[Tacitus]], if the name is emended to &#039;&#039;Unithones&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=127f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Angles (tribe)|Angles]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Engle}}, {{Lang-goh|Angil-}}, {{lang-non|Englar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|From PGmc *&#039;&#039;Angilaz&#039;&#039;, itself from the name of the [[Anglia (peninsula)|Anglia peninsula]], where they settled. Related to PGmc *&#039;&#039;angōn&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;curve; neck&amp;quot;) and *&#039;&#039;angulaz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;hook, tip&amp;quot;).{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=19}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Agnafit]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Agnafit}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Located at the outflow of [[Mälaren]] where modern [[Stockholm]] is situated.{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=9, note 1}} In &#039;&#039;Ynglinga saga&#039;&#039;, it is reported that it got its name &amp;quot;Agne&#039;s meadow&amp;quot; from the story when the legendary Swedish king [[Agne]]&#039;s bride hanged him from a tree there, in his golden [[torc]].&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Ynglinga saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Ásmundar saga kappabana&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orvar-Odd&#039;s saga&#039;&#039; and in the &#039;&#039;Saga of Olaf Haraldsson&#039;&#039;. &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Álfheimr (region)]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Álfheimr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the Norse legendary sagas, the name of an area corresponding to [[Bohuslän]], in [[Sweden]].{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=67}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Andvari Falls, Waterfall of Andvari&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Andvarafors}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The waterfalls of the [[Dwarf (folklore)|dwarf]] [[Andvari]], who swam there in the form of a pike and owned the hoard that later became known as the Rhinegold. [[Loki]] later caught him and extorted from him all the gold, including the cursed ring [[Andvaranaut]].{{sfn|Finch|1965|pp=25f}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Aquitaine&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-la|Aquitania}}, {{lang-gmh|Wasconje lant}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Region in modern western France.&lt;br /&gt;
| The people of Walter of Aquitaine in the &#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=7}} Walter&#039;s association with Aquitaine (MHG &#039;&#039;Wasconenlant&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Wasconje lant&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;Basque Land&amp;quot;) and his encounter with Gunther and Hagen in the Vosges (MHG &#039;&#039;Waskenwalt&#039;&#039;) may have reinforced each other.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=137}} The smith Hertrich dwells there in &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=71}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Arastein&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Arastein}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;eagle cliff&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}&lt;br /&gt;
| After having killed Hunding&#039;s sons and just before meeting Sigrun in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, Helgi Hundingsbani rests at Arastein.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Arheimar]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Árheimar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The &amp;quot;river home&amp;quot; on the [[Dniepr]] was the capital of the Goths in &#039;&#039;[[Hervarar saga]]&#039;&#039;. It has been identified with [[:ru:Каменское городище|Kamjans&#039;ke Horodyšče]], near [[Kamianka-Dniprovska]] which has provided archaeological finds to support it.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=210}}{{sfn|Pritsak|1993|pp=286–287}} Kiev has also been proposed but does not fit archaeologically or historically.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=210}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Baiuvarii]] ([[Bavarians]])&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Beier}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, the Bavarians have a reputation for robbery and boastfulness.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=10}} They attack the Burgundians as they travel to the Huns in Hungary.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Banings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Bāningas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; and perhaps located in central Germany.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=129f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|It may be connected with the district name &#039;&#039;Bainab&#039;&#039; that appears &#039;&#039;Origo Gentis Langobardorum&#039;&#039;, and the people &#039;&#039;Βαινοχαῖμαι&#039;&#039; that [[Ptolemy]] located near the [[Elbe]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=129f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Bechelaren&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Bechelâren}}, {{Lang-non|Bakalar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Pöchlarn]] in modern Austria. The &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; places it on the Rhine rather than on the Danube.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=30}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The capital of the Hunnish march ruled by Rüdiger.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Bern&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Berne}}, {{lang-non|Bern}}&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Verona]], Italy. The change of &#039;&#039;v&#039;&#039; to &#039;&#039;b&#039;&#039; could show Romance or Gothic influence, while the remainder of the development of &#039;&#039;Verona&#039;&#039; to MHG &#039;&#039;Berne&#039;&#039; is regular.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=35}} This was the first city south of the Alps on the usual route from Germany.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=34}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Home of Dietrich von Bern. The term &#039;&#039;Bernære&#039;&#039; (Berner/Veronan) is commonly used to refer to Dietrich in medieval German epic.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=12}} In &#039;&#039;Dietrichs Flucht&#039;&#039;, Dietrich von Bern&#039;s father Dietmar founds Bern,{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=25}} whereas in the &#039;&#039;Heldenbuch-Prosa&#039;&#039; the city is constructed by Dietrich&#039;s real father, the demon Machmet (Mohammad), in three nights.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=91}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Bohemians ([[Czechs]])&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Bêheim}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Slavic people living in the modern Czech Republic.&lt;br /&gt;
| Attila and Dietrich von Bern are challenged by Wenezlan, the ruler of the Bohemians, in &#039;&#039;Dietrich und Wenezlan&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Schneider|1962|p=235}} Bohemians also fight against Attila in &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;, in which they are said to fight with flails.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|pp=9-10}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bolmsö]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Bólm}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The home of the sons of [[Arngrim|Arngrímr]], the twelve beserkers in the &#039;&#039;[[Hjalmar and Ingeborg|Samsey poetry]]&#039;&#039;. The island is situated in lake [[Bolmen]] in the [[Finnveden]] region of [[Götaland]].{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=3, note 2}}{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=194}} The name is from the name of the lake, Bolmen, which is from Old East Norse *&#039;&#039;bolmber&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;big one&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=43}} [[Gudmund Schütte|Schütte]] argued that [[Angelstad]] at the lake was named after Angantyr, which is accepted by [[Omeljan Pritsak|Pritsak]].{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=194}}&lt;br /&gt;
| This is according to the more original R version of &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=3, note 2}} The considerably more altered H and U versions{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=xxx}} place it in [[Hålogaland]] in Norway&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=3, note 2}} Gesta danorum &#039;&#039;places the berserkers in Sweden.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Bragalund&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Bragalundr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;grove where great deeds are performed&amp;quot; and appears in the heroic poem &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A fictive location where the hero killed bears.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Brálund&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Brálundr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The element &#039;&#039;brá&#039;&#039; is the same as that of the real location &#039;&#039;Brávellir&#039;&#039; but &#039;&#039;Brálundr&#039;&#039; may have been created for alliterative purposes in the poems &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=87}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The location where the hero of the poems was born to Sigmund and Borghild.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=85}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Brand Isle&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Brandey}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The word &#039;&#039;brandr&#039;&#039; may refer to &amp;quot;a stock in the front of a ship&amp;quot; and appears in the heroic poem &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, it has been suggested to correspond to the island Brännholmen in [[Östergötland]].{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=85}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A location where the hero has assembled his fleet.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=85}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Brávellir]], [[Bråviken]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Brávellir}}, {{lang-non|Brávík}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name &#039;&#039;Brávellir&#039;&#039; refers the plains (&#039;&#039;[[wikt:vǫllr|vellir]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[wikt:wold|wolds]]&amp;quot;) near [[Norrköping]] in [[Östergötland]], and &#039;&#039;Bråviken&#039;&#039; to the [[fjard|inlet]] (-&#039;&#039;[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīkō|viken]]&#039;&#039;) north-east of the city. The first element is the Old East Norse adjective *&#039;&#039;brar&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;shining&amp;quot;), but the name of the inlet may originally have been *&#039;&#039;Brae&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;the shining one&amp;quot; or the [[fjard]] to which the river *&#039;&#039;Bra&#039;&#039; ([[Motala ström]]) runs.{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=49}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The location of the massive [[Battle of Brávellir]] between Danish king [[Harald Wartooth]] and Swedish king [[Sigurd Ring]], the father of [[Ragnar Lodbrok]]. It was also the home of Sinfjötli in &#039;&#039;Helgakviða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, stanza 42 (taunted for having had unnatural relations with Sigurd&#039;s horse [[Grani]] there).&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Breisach]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Brîsâch}}, {{lang-non|Trelinnborg}} (?)&lt;br /&gt;
| Breisach on the Rhine.&lt;br /&gt;
| In German tradition, the home of the Harlungen. In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Trelinnborg is one of three cities associated with the Harlungen and is usually identified with Breisach.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=194-195}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Brittany]] (Bertangaland)&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Bertangaland}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Celtic-speaking region in modern Western France.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=35}} The normal name for Brittany in Old Norse was {{lang|non|minni Bretland}} (&amp;quot;lesser Britain&amp;quot;) or {{lang|non|syðri Bretland}} (&amp;quot;southern Britain&amp;quot;), and Bretons were called - the form in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; is based on a genitive plural of a name {{lang|non|*Bert}}, which, however, is not used in the saga.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=39-40}} The name could have been altered by influence of and confusion with [[Bardengau]], a region in Northern Germany.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=39}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, the kingdom of [[King Arthur]], but it is seized by king Isung after Arthur&#039;s death. Dietrich von Bern faces twelve champions there, including Siegfried/Sigurd. Dietleib von Steier is killed there by the forces of Hertnið.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=36-39}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Brondings]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Brondingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The people of [[Breca]] and his father Beanstan.&lt;br /&gt;
| The name is maybe from &#039;&#039;brond&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;sword&amp;quot;) or from ON &#039;&#039;brandr&#039;&#039;, which means &amp;quot;prow of a ship&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=465}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Black Forest]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Svávaskógr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Norse name means &amp;quot;Swabian Forest&amp;quot; and could also refer to the [[Swabian Jura]] around Switzerland.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=180|ps=. Paff says &amp;quot;Swabian Tura&amp;quot; a region around Geneva, but this is a clear typo for &amp;quot;Jura&amp;quot;.}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Sigurd/Siegfried&#039;s mother gives birth to the hero and dies in the &amp;quot;Swabian Forest&amp;quot;. Sigurd/Siegfried is subsequently raised by a hind in the forest.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=124}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Bruna Bay&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Brunavágar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Wessén translates the name as &amp;quot;bay of breaking waves&amp;quot; (the word &#039;&#039;allbruna&#039;&#039; appears in the Gotland dialect of Old Norse), while Bugge translates it as the &amp;quot;bay of burning and pillaging&amp;quot;. It appears in the heroic poem &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=1927}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A fictive location where the hero rests with his fleet.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=226}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Burgundians]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Burgendas}}, {{lang-gmh|Burgonde}}, {{lang-non|Burgundar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Germanic tribe of the Burgundians, who settled first on the Rhine and then in [[Kingdom of the Burgundians|Burgundy]]. Name possibly means &amp;quot;those who dwell in high places/forts&amp;quot; from PGmc *burg-.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=17}} Their origins have been connected to [[Borgund]], in Norway, and to the island of [[Bornholm]] (ON: &#039;&#039;Borgundarholmr&#039;&#039;, OE: &#039;&#039;Burgendaland&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|Rübekeil|2017|p=997}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The historical Burgundian kings Gunther/Gunnarr, Giselher, and Gernot are described as Burgundians in the German tradition. &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; associated Gunther (Guðhere) with the Burgundians, and Gunnarr is described as &amp;quot;friend of the Burgundians&amp;quot; ({{lang-non|vin Borgunda}}) in &#039;&#039;Atlakviða&#039;&#039;, but otherwise in ON, he and his brothers are called Niflungar. In Middle High German tradition, their kingdom is centered around Worms on the Rhine. In the &#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039;, the capital is [[Châlons-en-Champagne|Châlons]]; however, here Gunther and his brothers are Franks and Hildigund and her father Hericus are Burgundians.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|pp=16-17}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Busiltjorn&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Busiltjǫrn}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Busi&#039;&#039; is a variant of &#039;&#039;buði&#039;&#039; and means &amp;quot;swollen&amp;quot;, cf. &#039;&#039;busilkinna&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;woman with swollen cheeks&amp;quot;),{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=66}} while &#039;&#039;[[Tarn (lake)|tjǫrn]]&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;lake&amp;quot;.{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=593}}&lt;br /&gt;
| When Sigurd chooses a horse, he drives a herd through the river Busiltjorn and the only horse that does not swim back is Grani.{{sfn|Byock|1999|p=128}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Carpathians]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Harvaða fjöllum}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Most scholars have long agreed that &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039; preserves an ancient Germanic form of the name &amp;quot;Carpathians&amp;quot; as &#039;&#039;Harvað-&#039;&#039;, from PGmc *&#039;&#039;χarfaþ&#039;&#039;-, from an earlier &#039;&#039;karpat&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=199}} as it shows that it has been worked on by [[Grimm&#039;s law]].{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=xxiii}} &lt;br /&gt;
| Mentioned in the Gothic legends in &#039;&#039;[[Hervarar saga]]&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=199}}{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=xxiii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Chatti]], [[Chattuarii]], &lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hetware}}, {{lang-ang|Hætwerum}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in both &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; (line 2363) in connection with [[Hygelac]]&#039;s historic raid into Frisia, and in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; (line 33), where they have a ruler named Hūn.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|p=268}} The name derives from &#039;&#039;hæt&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;hat&amp;quot;) meaning &amp;quot;helmet&amp;quot; and -&#039;&#039;ware&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;inhabitants&amp;quot;),{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=469}} so it means &amp;quot;helmet bearers&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;helmet dwellers&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Damico|1984|p=64}}  They were a &amp;quot;people on the lower Rhine&amp;quot; who were Frankish{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=469}} or allied with the Franks.{{sfn|Damico|1984|p=64}} They were raid&#039;s victims{{sfn|Anderson|1999|p=92}} but also the ones who defeated the Geats.{{sfn|Jones|1969|p=30}} &lt;br /&gt;
| They are also mentioned in connection with Hygelac&#039;s raid by &#039;&#039;Liber Historiæ Francorum&#039;&#039; where they are called &#039;&#039;Attoarii&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Shippey|2008|p=233}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Cumans]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Valwen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A nomadic Turkic people also known as the Polovtsi; &#039;&#039;Valwen&#039;&#039; is the German form of this second name.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=44}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Cumans appear as archers in Attila&#039;s army in &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039; and also in the [[Spielmannsdichtung|minstrel epic]] &#039;&#039;[[König Rother]]&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=44}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== D-G ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; width: 100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Modernized name&lt;br /&gt;
!Names in medieval languages&lt;br /&gt;
!Name meaning and/or identification&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Dagling]]s&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang|non|Dǫglingar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the &#039;&#039;Ynglinga saga&#039;&#039;, Dag the Great is the father of Dageiðr, who together with [[Alaric and Eric|Alaric]], the king of Sweden, had the son [[Yngvi and Alf|Alf]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. Dag&#039;s descendants were called the &#039;&#039;Daglings&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;dǫglingar&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|Finlay|Faulkes|2016|p=22}} &lt;br /&gt;
|In Snorri&#039;s source &#039;&#039;Ynglingatal&#039;&#039; 8, &#039;&#039;dǫglingar&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;descendant of Dag&amp;quot;) appears, but [[Elias Wessén]] comments that this probably refers to [[Dag the Wise]] an earlier king of Sweden, and Snorri&#039;s inclusion of a second king named Dag appears unmotivated.{{sfn|Wessén|1952|p=64}} An ancestral Dag also appears in sources such as &#039;&#039;Hversu Noregr byggðist&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orvar-Odd&#039;s saga&#039;&#039;, and &#039;&#039;Ragnarssona þáttr&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Dean&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Dēan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 63, and who lived somewhere in southern Scandinavia. It appears to be the same name as the &#039;&#039;[[Dauciones|Daukíones]]&#039;&#039; reported by [[Ptolemy]] and Ptolemy&#039;s form is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;Dauhjaniz&#039;&#039; while &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;&#039;s form is from the non-hypocoristic form *&#039;&#039;Dauhaniz&#039;&#039;, both from same PGmc base *&#039;&#039;dauh&#039;&#039; as the verb *&#039;&#039;dugan&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;to be worth&amp;quot;).  {{sfn|Malone|1962|p=135}} &lt;br /&gt;
|It has also been suggested that &#039;&#039;Dēanum&#039;&#039; should be emended to &#039;&#039;Denum&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;Danes&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=136}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Danes (Germanic tribe)|Danes]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|danir}}, {{lang-ang|Dene}}, {{lang-gmh|Tenen}}&lt;br /&gt;
|From PGmc *&#039;&#039;đaniz&#039;&#039;, of uncertain origin.{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=68}} Some suggestions are &amp;quot;valley inhabitants&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;inhabitants of swampy borderlands in the south&amp;quot;,{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=73}} and &amp;quot;forest people&amp;quot; (cf. modern German &#039;&#039;Tanne&#039;&#039;, pine tree).{{sfn|Kaufmann|1968|p=91}} They are not mentioned before the 6th c.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=136}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In several medieval chronicles, a Danish tradition is preserved that an eponymous king Dan had ruled over [[Zealand]], [[Møn]], [[Falster]] and [[Lolland]], a kingdom called &#039;&#039;Vihtesleth&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|pp=62f}}   Most Middle High German heroic poems include Danish heroes, and in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039; a distinction seems to be made between {{lang|gmh|Tenenmark}} (a march of the Holy Roman Empire between the rivers Schlei and Eider inhabited by Danes) and {{lang|gmh|Tenenlant}} (a separate kingdom).{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=62}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Drecanflis&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Drecanflis}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Probably [[Drachenfels (Siebengebirge)|Drachenfels]], a mountain on the Rhine that had a castle in the Middle Ages.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=58-59}} The name is from MHG &#039;&#039;trache&#039;&#039; (dragon) and &#039;&#039;felse&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;rock, cliff, stronghold on a mountain&amp;quot;); the form in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; may show Middle Low German influence.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=60-61}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; locates the giant Ecke here. The name only occurs in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, but other indications suggest that the Ecke legend was placed on the Rhine in German tradition.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=59-60}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Dunheiðr&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Dúnheiðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Most scholars of Germanic languages have derived the name from *&#039;&#039;Dūnabisheiðr&#039;&#039;, the &amp;quot;[[Danube]] heath&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Danube plain&amp;quot;. However, several historians have identified &#039;&#039;Dún&#039;&#039; with the [[Donets]] river, which was called &#039;&#039;Don&#039;&#039; in the Middle Ages.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|pp=211f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Earnaness]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Earnanæs}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Earn&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;eagle&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=368}} and &#039;&#039;næs(s)&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;headland, bluff&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=416}} It is one of several legendary place names that have a fictive quality with an element from the natural world,{{sfn|Orchard|2003|p=172}} and like several constructed with the name of an animal in the genitive + a common word for a natural feature,{{sfn|Shippey|2014|p=72}} and it seems to be a poetic invention.{{sfn|Hiatt|2010|p=13}}{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxvii}} Several locations with that name exist in southern Scandinavia, such as [[Årnäs]] in [[Västergötland]],{{sfn|Nerman|1925|p=114}} which is commonly believed to correspond to the kingdom of the Geats,{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxvii, note 3}} and one on the coast near [[Kungsbacka]] (&amp;quot;king&#039;s hill&amp;quot;),{{sfn|Nerman|1925|p=114}} where the Geatish royal seat has been conjectured to have been located.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxvii, note 3}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The location, where Beowulf fights the dragon, and where their dead bodies are laid out.{{sfn|Orchard|2003|p=172}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| East-Thuringians&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ēastþyringas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 86, and identical to the [[Thuringians]], below. The name may be due to their eastern location east of the [[Elbe]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=143}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The use of &#039;&#039;east&#039;&#039; may be to distinguish them from the Thoringi in the [[Netherlands]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=143}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Egyptians]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ēgypte}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 83.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=135}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Eowan&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Eowan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 27, who were the inhabitants [[Öland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=149}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Exsyrings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Exsyringas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 82, who were apparently the [[Assyria]]ns.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=149}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Etzelnburg&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Etzelnburc}}&lt;br /&gt;
| City of Etzel (Attila). Either [[Esztergom]] or [[Buda]] in Hungary.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=79}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name of Etzel&#039;s capital in the Middle High German tradition.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Falstr scogr&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Falstr scógr}}, {{lang|non|Falar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Several thick forest once occupied the area of [[Holstein]], from which the territory derives its name (&#039;&#039;Holta[z]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;forest&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=71}} The name &#039;&#039;Falstr&#039;&#039; probably derives from a root &#039;&#039;fal&#039;&#039;, one of the ethnic names for a group of the Saxons, found in MLG as &#039;&#039;val&#039;&#039;, equivalent to Slavic &#039;&#039;pol(ije)&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;flat land, field&amp;quot;) with a suffix -str.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=71-72}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; a forest lying between Denmark and Hunland (Northern Germany). Sequences involving the Veleti and Dietleib von Steyr occur here.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=71-72}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Fehmarn]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Fimber}}&lt;br /&gt;
| An island in the Baltic off the coast of Holstein. The name may derived from Slavic &#039;&#039;ve morju&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;in the sea&amp;quot;) or from the [[Ambrones]], who appear in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; as &#039;&#039;Ymbrum&#039;&#039; (dative plural).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=74}}&lt;br /&gt;
| According to the Swedish version of the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; Vithga (Widege) fled here after he learned that Dietrich had become emperor, out of fear that Dietrich would avenge the death of his brother at Vithga&#039;s hands. The two fight a final duel here in which both are fatally wounded.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=73}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifeldore&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Fīfeldor}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A location mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 43, which is identified with the estuary of the [[Eider (river)|Eider]]. The word &#039;&#039;fīfel&#039;&#039; may mean &amp;quot;flooder, overflower&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=149}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The fight between [[Offa of Angel|Offa]] and the [[Myrging]]s was at this location.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=149}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Franks]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Francan}}, {{lang-ang|Froncan}}, {{Lang-gmh|Franken}}, {{lang-non|Frakkar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Name of the Franks|The ethnonym &#039;&#039;Franks&#039;&#039;]] is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;Frankan-&#039;&#039;, itself probably from PGmc *&#039;&#039;frankaz&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;fierce, daring, eager to fight&amp;quot;. An alternative etymology proposes to derive the ethnonym from the name of the Frankish weapon, the *&#039;&#039;frankōn&#039;&#039;, although it may be the other way around.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;reallexikon&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{harvp|Beck|Geuenich|Steuer|1995}}, s.v. &#039;&#039;Franken&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| In Middle High German, the name is usually used for [[Franconians]]; in the &#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039;, the Burgundian kings are called {{lang|la|Franci nebulones}} and in MHG they are sometime scalled {{lang|gmh|Rînvanken}} (&amp;quot;Rhine Franconians&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=46}} Separated from Rhine Franconia is East Franconia ({{lang|gmh|Ostervranken}}), north and south of the Main River. Travelers going to or from the Burgundian kingdom from the East pass through it.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=64}} In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;Frakland&amp;quot; refers roughly to the area in modern France under the control of the [[Capetian dynasty]] in the thirteenth century.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=74}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Frekastein&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Frekastein}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;wolf cliff&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} It appears in the eddic poems, &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvarðssonar&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=222, 228f}} and in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=17}} The location is considered unidentified,{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=17}} but a location in south-eastern Sweden has been suggested.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The location where Helgi Hjörvardsson dies after a duel,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=209}} and where later Helgi Hundingsbane wins his battle against [[Hothbrodd]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=222, 228f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Frisians]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Frísan}}, {{lang|ang|Frēsan}}, {{lang|ang|Frȳsan}},{{Lang-gmh|Friesen}}, {{lang-non|Frísir}}&lt;br /&gt;
|From PGmc *&#039;&#039;Frīsaz&#039;&#039;. Unclear origin; perhaps related to PGmc *&#039;&#039;frijaz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;free&amp;quot;).{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=115}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Conflict between the Frisians and Danes forms the basis of the Old English &#039;&#039;Finnsburh Fragment&#039;&#039; and is also alluded to in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Uecker|1972|pp=117-120}} In &#039;&#039;Kudrun&#039;&#039;, the Frisians are one of the people in Heoden (Hetel&#039;s) kingdom, but are otherwise absent from surviving continental tradition.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=47}} In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Attila is a Frisian prince who conquers the Hunaland, and there is an allusion to at least one other forgotten legend concerning them in the saga.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=77}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Frumtings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Frumtingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 68, who were the followers of the [[Suebi Kingdom|Suebian]] king [[Framta]], in [[Spain]]. The name may originally have been &#039;&#039;Framtingas&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=152}}&lt;br /&gt;
|There was rivalry between the Framtings, the faction of king Framta and the Maldrings, the followers of king [[Maldras]], when king [[Rechiar]] died in 457. The alliteration between [[Frumar]] and Framta suggests that they were near relatives. The faction may have been called &#039;&#039;Framtings&#039;&#039; when following Framta, and &#039;&#039;Frumtings&#039;&#039; when following Frumar. When Frumar died 464, [[Richimund]] could unite the Sueves and become sole king.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=152}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Fyn]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Fjón}}&lt;br /&gt;
|An island in what is today Denmark.&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;, [[Gudrun]] and Thora make a tapestry showing [[Sigar]] and [[Siggeir]] doing battle on the island.{{sfn|Byock|1999|p=130}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Fyrisvellir]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Fýrisvellir}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The plains (&#039;&#039;[[wikt:vǫllr|vellir]]&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;[[wikt:wold|wolds]]&amp;quot;) south of [[Uppsala]]. The first element is from Old East Norse *&#039;&#039;[[wikt:fjara|føre]]&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;soggy hay meadow&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;inundated area&amp;quot; and there are remains of the name in the small lakes (&#039;&#039;Övre Föret&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Nedre Föret&#039;&#039;). The phoneme &#039;&#039;ø&#039;&#039; was misinterpreted in the Icelandic tradition and replaced with &#039;&#039;y&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=84}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Mentioned in &#039;&#039;Ynglinga saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Styrbjarnar þáttr Svíakappa&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Hrólfs saga kraka&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Garda, Veneto|Garda]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Garte}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Garda in medieval Lombardy, modern [[Veneto]].&lt;br /&gt;
| The home of Hildebrand and the capital of Ortnit. Ortnit&#039;s analogue in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; is instead associated with Novgorod (&#039;&#039;Holmgarðr&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=87}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Geats]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|gautar}}, {{lang-ang|Gēatas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|There are several arguments that connect the Geats and the Goths, and some of them are linguistic ones.{{sfn|Brink|2002|p=688}}{{sfn|Hermodsson|1993|pp=26ff}} The &#039;&#039;Geatas&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;gautar&#039;&#039; ethnonym is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;gautaz&#039;&#039; a different ablaut grade of the [[Name of the Goths|same root]] that gave Goths (*gutaniz),{{sfn|Brink|2002|p=688}}{{sfn|Rübekeil|2002|pp=603-604}} and ablauting was used to connect related geographic entities.{{sfn|Brink|2002|p=688}} The two names probably meant &amp;quot;[[Insemination|pourers (of semen)]]&amp;quot;, i.e. &amp;quot;men&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Rübekeil|2002|p=603}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The ethnonym originally probably referred exclusively to the population of Gautland (&amp;quot;Geatland&amp;quot;), modern [[Västergötland]], but in Old Norse, it could also include the people of [[Östergötland]]. Later it was extended to the population of [[Götaland]] (&amp;quot;lands of the Geats&amp;quot;), which was coined to separate it from the core territory Västergötland.{{sfn|Ståhl|1976|p=130}} The Anglo-Saxons seem to have confused the Geats with the Jutes once the latter people were no longer important.{{sfn|Niles|2007|pp=124-126, 131-136}} The nature of how they were subsumed into Sweden is an old and inflammatory debate, influenced by a strong movement of popular [[Götaland theory|modern Geatish revisionism]].{{sfn|Larsson|2004|pp=169f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Gefflegan&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Gefflēgan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 60. [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] analyses it as &#039;&#039;gefl&#039;&#039;, an epithet cognate with Gothic &#039;&#039;gifla&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;pinnacle&amp;quot;), an &#039;&#039;Ēgan&#039;&#039; which would refer to the [[Aviones]]. Their location may have been in [[Jutland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=153}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Gepids]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Gifðas}}, {{lang-ang|Gefþan}} {{lang-lat|Gepidae}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The Gepids had migrated from southern Sweden to the mouth of the Vistula by the 1st c. In the next century they moved to the Hungarian plain, where they together with other Germanic tribes defeated the Huns in 454. In the 6th c.  the Lombards defeated them and they disappear from history.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=248}}{{sfn|Neidorf|2021|p=4}}&lt;br /&gt;
|According to &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; they were still associated with their old homeland in Sweden.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=248}}{{sfn|Neidorf|2021|p=4}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Gjukungs/Gibichungen&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Gjúkungar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The sons of Gjuki, alternative name for the Burgundian kings.&lt;br /&gt;
| The name appears to be an Old Norse neologism and is absent from the German tradition.{{sfn|Nedoma|Anton|1998|p=66}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Glasir Grove&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Glasislundr}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Glasir&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;resplendent&amp;quot;. It is one of several poetic place names found in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvarðssonar&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=198}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Glæsisvellir]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Glæsisvellir}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Glæsisvellir was the mythical kingdom of Guðmundr in the north-east of Scandinavia that appears in several legendary sagas and in &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039;. According to [[Rudolf Simek]], it was most likely not based on pagan Germanic traditions but created in medieval Scandinavia through foreign influence.{{sfn|Simek|1993|p=121}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Glomman&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Glomman}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 69, who may have referred to the [[Lemovii]] mentioned by [[Tacitus]], or the people at the [[Glomma]] river in [[Norway]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=155f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Both the Lemovii and the Glomma have been analysed with ON &#039;&#039;glammi&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;wolf&amp;quot; i.e. &amp;quot;barker&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=156}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Gnipalund or Gnipa Grove&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Gnípalundr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Gnípa&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;peak&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=206}} but the location is unidentified.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=15}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; a good harbour in [[Granmar]]&#039;s kingdom.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=16}} In &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, a location in Granmar&#039;s kingdom, where [[Sinfjötli]] is said to have been castrated by [[gýgjar]].{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=86}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Gnipafjord &lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Gnipafjǫrðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| For &#039;&#039;gnipa&#039;&#039;, see above. &lt;br /&gt;
| A fjord mentioned in connection with the town Hvítabœr, in &#039;&#039;Ragnars saga Loðbrókar&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Waggoner|2009|p=14}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Gnitaheath&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Gnitaheiðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Possibly meaning &amp;quot;heath of debris.&amp;quot;{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=90}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The heath where the dragon Fafnir lives. In the twelfth century, the Icelandic bishop Nikulús of Þverá was shown the location of Gnitaheath south of Paderborn in Germany.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=123}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Götaland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Gautland}}, {{lang-ang|Geatland}}&lt;br /&gt;
| See &#039;&#039;Geats&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Goths]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|gotar}}, {{lang-ang|gotan}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A Germanic tribe that moved from the Baltic sea area and settled in the Ukraine before splitting up into [[Visigoths]] and [[Ostrogoths]]. [[Name of the Goths|The ethnonym &#039;&#039;Goths&#039;&#039;]] is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;Gutaniz&#039;&#039; (pl.) from PGmc *&#039;&#039;geutan&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;to pour, to mould&amp;quot;{{sfn|Strid|2011|p=43}}{{sfn|Brink|2002|p=688}} and it is the same as that of the population of [[Gotland]],{{sfn|Strid|2011|p=43}}{{sfn|Brink|2002|p=688}}{{sfn|Brink|2002|pp=90, 110}}{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=92}} The ethnonym is closely related to that of the Geats with which it shares etymology,{{sfn|Rübekeil|2002|pp=603-604}}{{sfn|Andersson|1996|pp=13ff}} probably meaning &amp;quot;[[Insemination|pourers (of semen)]]&amp;quot;, i.e. &amp;quot;men&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Rübekeil|2002|p=603}} &lt;br /&gt;
| Old Norse does not differentiate between Gotlanders and Goths{{sfn|Strid|2011|p=43}} and Old English between them and Geats.{{sfn|Niles|2007|pp=124-126, 131-136}} In Middle High German epic, the name Goths is not used, despite the prominence of Gothic heroes such as Dietrich von Bern.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=73}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Gothiscandza]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-lat|Gothiscandza}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Presumably from *&#039;&#039;Gutisk-andja&#039;&#039;, i.e. &amp;quot;Gothic end&amp;quot;, or from *&#039;&#039;Guti-Skandia&#039;&#039; which means &amp;quot;Gothic Scandinavia&amp;quot;, and possibly the origin of the city names [[Gdansk]] and [[Gdynia]], in northern Poland, where the Goths are reported to have settled after their migration from Scandinavia.{{sfn|Fulk|2018|p=21}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The vast majority of scholars consider Jordanes&#039; account of a Gothic migration from Scandinavia to the mouth of the Vistula, c. 100 B.C. to be trustworthy in its general outline.{{sfn|Fulk|2018|p=21}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Greeks]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Crēacas}}, {{lang-gmh|Krieche(n)}}, {{lang-non|Grecia, Girkland}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Greeks are an Indo-European people living in [[Greece]] but also ruling the [[Byzantine Empire]]; the name probably derives from a single Greek tribe. The name derives in Germanic languages via Gothic, regularly showing initial &#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039; for &#039;&#039;g&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=82-83}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; places the Greeks under the rule of Caesar ({{lang-ang|Casere}}), reflecting the Byzantine Empire.{{sfn|Anderson|1999|p=44}} In Middle High German epic, a number of characters are associated with Greece or the Eastern Roman Empire, including Dietrich von Kriechen, Hugdietrich, and Wolfdietrich.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=18}} In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, it is treated as part of the domains of other kings, such as Ermanaric or the Russian Hertnið (Ortnit). The conquests by the Rus&#039; rulers in the saga could reflect historical attacks by the Rus&#039; on Byzantium.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=82-83}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Greutungi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Lang-la|Greotingi}}, {{Lang-non|Grýtingar}}, {{Lang-ang|Greotinʒas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Greuting&#039;&#039; was an East Gothic tribal name derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;ʒreutan&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Orel|2003|pp=141, 142}} meaning &amp;quot;stone, gravel&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=141}} It is preserved in German &#039;&#039;[[Grudziądz|Graudenz]]&#039;&#039; from Old Prussian &#039;&#039;Graudingis&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=142}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Appears in the &#039;&#039;Hlǫðskvíða&#039;&#039; part of &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Grindir&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Grindir}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A location that appears in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; based on a misreading of &#039;&#039;í grindom&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;within a harbour marked out with stakes&amp;quot;) in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=16}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Granmar reports that Helgi Hundingsbane has a large force there.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=17}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Grove of Bondage]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{Lang-non|Fjǫturlundr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;, Helgi (&amp;quot;dedicated to the gods&amp;quot;) is killed by his brother-in-law Dag using a spear that he has been given by Odin.{{sfn|Simek|1993|p=280}} &lt;br /&gt;
|This has long been compared to an account by [[Tacitus]] on the [[Semnones]]. They had a grove that could only be entered when they were fettered, and the god who was worshiped was probably Odin, and being fettered may have been an imitation of Odin&#039;s self-sacrifice.{{sfn|Simek|1993|p=280}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== H-K ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; width: 100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Modernized name&lt;br /&gt;
!Names in medieval languages&lt;br /&gt;
!Name meaning and/or identification&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hald ([[:da:Nørhald Herred|North]] and [[:da:Sønderhald Herred|South]])&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hæleþan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The &#039;&#039;Hæleþan&#039;&#039; were a people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 81. The name &#039;&#039;Halla herred&#039;&#039; is attested in the Doomesday book of [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] for an area at the [[Randers Fjord]] in north [[Jutland]]. The attestation in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; has also been emended to &#039;&#039;Hæreþan&#039;&#039; and connected to the [[Charudes]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=157}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The North Germanic form is from *&#039;&#039;halþar&#039;&#039;, while the OE name shows another grade, &#039;&#039;haluþi&#039;&#039;, which changed into &#039;&#039;halyþi&#039;&#039;, to &#039;&#039;hæliþi&#039;&#039;, and finally to &#039;&#039;Hæleþ&#039;&#039;. The ON &#039;&#039;Hǫlðar&#039;&#039; corresponds to the OE form, and was a [[heiti]] for &amp;quot;men&amp;quot;, and such words were commonly derived from ethnonyms. The people are probably attested as the &#039;&#039;[[Chali]]&#039;&#039; by [[Ptolemy]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=157}}  &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hälsingland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Helsingjaland}}, {{lang|non|Helsingjar}}, {{lang|non|Hælsingaland}}, {{lang-ang|Hælsingas}}?&lt;br /&gt;
| The name is originally an ethnonym, the &#039;&#039;Helsings&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Brink|2008|p=98}}{{sfn|Skre|2019|p=210}} with the element -&#039;&#039;land&#039;&#039;, signifying their &amp;quot;territory&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Skre|2019|p=210}} The ethnonym is a genitive plural of &#039;&#039;hals&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;neck&amp;quot;) referring to a narrow strait, and in this case the [[Kvarken|narrow part]] of the [[Gulf of Bothnia]].{{sfn|Hellquist|1922|p=257}} It was long an independent region of Scandinavia, and it probably did not become a part of Sweden until the Christianization in the 11th c.{{sfn|Harrison|2009|p=139}} The laws of the Helsings concerned all of the northern 2/3 of Sweden, [[Norrland]],{{sfn|Rahmqvist|2000|p=49}} until at least 1436.{{sfn|Peel|2015|p=16}} &lt;br /&gt;
|During the Roman era, the region was the principal recipient of Roman objects in what today is Sweden,{{sfn|Grane|2007|p=154}} and it is also where the earliest finds of [[Samanid Empire|Samanid]] coins have been made in Sweden.{{sfn|Gruszczyński|2019|p=243, note 8}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hælsingas&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hælsingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people that is mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, and the name was by [[Karl Müllenhoff|Müllenhoff]] connected with &#039;&#039;hals&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;neck&amp;quot;) although he considered them fictive.{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=194}} They cannot be identified securely, but are generally considered to have been a real people.{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=194}}{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=158}} They were identified as early as Price (1826) as the people of &#039;&#039;[[Hälsingland]]&#039;&#039; (see above), he considered &#039;&#039;[[Helsinki]]&#039;&#039; (&#039;&#039;Helsingfors&#039;&#039;), &#039;&#039;[[Helsingborg]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Helsingör]]&#039;&#039; to be traces left by their settlers.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=158}} That these names were spread by colonizers is a view also shared by Chambers.{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=194}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Chambers comments that philologists generally have connected this people with the name of a river that appears in [[Ptolemy]], the &#039;&#039;Χάλουσος ποταμός&#039;&#039;, but the location of this river is disputed.{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=194}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hatafjord&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hatafjorðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;Hati&#039;s fjord&amp;quot; and is where lived the [[jötunn]] Hati, whose names means &amp;quot;hateful&amp;quot;, in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvardssonar&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=202}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The location where Helgi Hjörvardsson kills the jötunn Hati. The jötunn&#039;s daughter [[Hrímgerðr]] is upset and starts a raunchy [[flyting]] contest with Helgi and his companion Atli&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; that ends with Hrímgerðr being caught by sunrise and turning to stone.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=202ff}}{{sfn|Jónsson|1932|pp=199ff}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hatun&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hátún}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means the &amp;quot;high enclosure&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=86}}   &lt;br /&gt;
| A location mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; among the estates given to the hero at his naming ceremony.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=86}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Heaðobards]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Heaðubeardan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Heaðobards are sworn enemies of the Danes,{{sfn|Gwara|2008|p=143}} who are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;. A Germanic people who were possibly a remnant of the [[Lombards|Langobards]].{{sfn|Swanton|1997|p=209}} The name is from PGmc *&#039;&#039;χaþuz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;war&amp;quot;){{sfn|Orel|2003|p=136}} and *&#039;&#039;barđaz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;beard&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=36}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039;, Hróðgar&#039;s daughter Freawaru will marry their king Ingeld to bring peace between the tribes. At the wedding a young Dane will offend the Heaðobards by carrying one of their captured swords. An old Heaðobard will cause a young Heaðobard to kill the Dane and escape with the sword. After this Ingeld&#039;s interest in the bride will diminish and the feud will start again.{{sfn|Gwara|2008|p=142}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Heaðoreamas&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| See &#039;&#039;Romerike&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hebrews]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ebrēas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 83, possibly referring to the people of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]] in contrast to those of [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israel]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=143}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Heðinsey&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Heðinsey}}&lt;br /&gt;
| It may be the same island as [[Hiddensee]] near [[Rügen]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=216}} &lt;br /&gt;
|  It is mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; as a location from where a fleet with warriors was sent to him.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=216}} The location is probably taken from the tradition of the island of [[Hjaðningavíg]] (see below).{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=73}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hedmark]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Heiðmǫrk}}, {{lang|non|Heiðnir}}, {{lang|non|Heinir}}, {{lang-ang|Hǣðnas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The people of Hedmark are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 81, as the &#039;&#039;Hǣðnas&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=159}}  &lt;br /&gt;
|The people may be mentioned in [[Ptolemy]] as the &#039;&#039;χαιδεινοι&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=159}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Helmings&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Helmingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name is from &#039;&#039;Helm&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;protector&amp;quot;, and a Wulfing called Helm is mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 29. [[Wealhtheow]], [[Hrothgar]]&#039;s wife is called &#039;&#039;ides Helminga&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;lady of the Helmings&amp;quot;) in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; (610), which means that she belonged to Helm&#039;s clan and was a Wulfing.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=169}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Heodenings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Heodeningas}}, {{lang-non|Hjaðningar}}, {{lang-gmh|Hegelinge}}&lt;br /&gt;
| *Heðaningas, from the personal name Heoden or maybe meaning &amp;quot;people of the skins&amp;quot;. The German form may show a phonetic development of -tl- to -gl- or have been influenced by the place name Högling near [[Tegernsee]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=64}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Ethnic name of Heoden&#039;s people. In &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, he is king of the &amp;quot;island-[[Rugians]]&amp;quot; ({{lang|ang|Holmryg[as]}}),{{sfn|Schneider|1962|p=368}} in &#039;&#039;Kudrun&#039;&#039; his kingdom seems to be in Denmark,{{sfn|Lienert|2015|p=86}} and in &#039;&#039;Sörla Þattr&#039;&#039;, he is king of &amp;quot;Serkland&amp;quot;, which may mean Africa.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=72}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Heorot]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Heorot}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The hall of the Danish king [[Hrothgar]], and it appears in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 49, and in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=169}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The name has been connected to the Danish champion Hort(ar) from [[Lejre]], who appears in the account of the [[Battle of Brávellir]] in &#039;&#039;[[Gesta Danorum]]&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=169}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Herefaran&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Herefaran}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people who are mentioned in line 34, in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, but whose identity is unknown, but the name may mean &amp;quot;pirate&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=170f}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Herelings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Herelingas}}, {{lang-gmh|Harlunge}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 112, whose name means the &amp;quot;followers of Herela&amp;quot;. The name &#039;&#039;Herela&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;he of the army&amp;quot;, which fits the god [[Odin]], and corresponds to king Herla, the leader of the [[Wild Hunt]] (Odin).{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=170}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name corresponds to the Harlungs of the &#039;&#039;Þiðrikssaga&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=170}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Himin Fells, and Himin Meadows&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Himinfjǫll}} and {{lang|non|Himinvangar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|  The two locations are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; and mean &amp;quot;sky fells&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;sky meadows&amp;quot;. &#039;&#039;Himinfjǫll&#039;&#039; may be simply a descriptive word, but both are probably created for poetic purposes.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hindarfjall]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hindarfjall}}&lt;br /&gt;
| ON for &amp;quot;Hind mountain&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=123}} It is called &#039;&#039;Hindarheið&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Norna-Gests þáttr&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Chadwick|1921|p=27}} and  &#039;&#039;Skatalund&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;grove of heroes&amp;quot;) in &#039;&#039;Helreið Brynhildar&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=309}} and &#039;&#039;Norna-Gests þáttr&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Chadwick|1921|p=33}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The mountain in the land of the Franks where Brunhild is asleep behind flames in the Norse tradition.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=120}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hinnøya]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Ǫmð}}, {{lang-ang|Amoþingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| An island whose people are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;. It is the largest island what is today Norway.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=128f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The island was the seat of the 6th c. petty king Goðgestr, an ancestor of the [[earls of Lade]], and notable because of his death. &#039;&#039;[[Ynglinga saga]]&#039;&#039; relates that the Swedish king Aðils ([[Eadgils]]) sent Goðgestr a horse named Hrafn that threw him off so that he died.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=128f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hlé Fells&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hlébjǫrg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The word &#039;&#039;hlé&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;leeward&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} &lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;, it is where Helgi Hundingsbane killed the sons of Hrollaugr.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=230}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hlymdalir&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hlymdalir}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Hlymr&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;clash, as of hooves&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=274}} and &#039;&#039;dalir&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;dales&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=95}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The place where Aslaug is raised by Brunhild&#039;s fosterfather Heimir.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=137}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hocings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hōcingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 29, and it is the plural form of a patronym and used for a people ruled by a dynasty. In &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; it is explained that Hoc was the father of the Danes Hnæf and Hildeburh, so it appears that the Hocings were a Danish group.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=172}} The fact that there is h-alliteration, and Hnæf and his men are referred to has &#039;&#039;Healfdene&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Scyldings&#039;&#039;, suggests that the Hocings were related to the ruling dynasty of the Danes, the Scyldings.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=173}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The patronym appears in no other context for a group of people, but Charlemagne&#039;s wife Hildegard had a great-grandfather named &#039;&#039;Huoching&#039;&#039;, and &#039;&#039;Høkingr&#039;&#039; is a [[sea-king]] in an Icelandic poem, where it means Hoc&#039;s sword.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=173}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hofferdh&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hofferdh}}&lt;br /&gt;
| An unidentified town in &#039;&#039;Suáwen&#039;&#039; (Swabia, but meaning generally southern Germany). The name is probably allegorical and from ON &#039;&#039;hofferd&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;pride,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;pomp&amp;quot;) from MHG &#039;&#039;Hoverde&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;Hôchvart&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;pride&amp;quot; also &amp;quot;noble, elegant living&amp;quot;), from MHG &#039;&#039;hôch&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;high&amp;quot;) and &#039;&#039;varn&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;to live, to fare&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=89}}&lt;br /&gt;
| According to the Swedish version of the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Dietrich saved himself from being carried to hell by a black horse by praying to God and Mary. He then hunted down Vithga (Widege) to the island of Fehmarn off Holstein, where both were mortally wounded in a duel. Dietrich then went to the nearby town of Hofferdh and died.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=89}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Holmrugians &lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Holmryc[g]as}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The &amp;quot;island Rugians&amp;quot;, a people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 21, and the name may refer to the &#039;&#039;Holmrygir&#039;&#039; of [[Rogaland]] or to the [[Rugians]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=173}}&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Kemp Malone|Malone]] points out the usual sense of &#039;&#039;holm&#039;&#039; in Old English was &amp;quot;sea&amp;quot; and suggest that this indicates that &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; referred to the Continental Rugians.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=174}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Reidgotaland|Hreith-Goths]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hrædas}}, {{lang-non|Hreiðgotar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The identification is disputed: [[Otto Höfler]] argues that the name applies to all Goths, whereas [[Otto von Friesen]] argued that it referred only to Goths who lived near the Vistula.{{sfn|Ebel|2000|p=154}} The name is given five possible explanations by [[Jan de Vries (philologist)|Jan der Vries]]: 1) it could be ON {{lang|non|hreiðr}} (nest), referring to those Goths who did not migrate from the Baltic; 2) it could be from {{lang|non|hróðr}} (fame), but de Vries rejects this; 3) it could be a Germanization of the [[Adriatic sea]] (from {{lang-got|*Hraiðimari-gutans}}, from {{lang-la|Hadriatica mare}}); 4) it could be from an unattested PGmc {{lang|non|*hreid-}} (&amp;quot;elite, chosen&amp;quot;); 5) it could come from a root {{lang|non|hreiðr}} meaning first &amp;quot;fence&amp;quot; and then &amp;quot;assembly&amp;quot; (de Vries rejects this as well).{{sfn|Reichert|1998|pp=87-88}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; locates the Hrædas on the [[Vistula]], and the &#039;&#039;Hervarar Saga&#039;&#039; similarly located {{lang|non|Hreiðgotaland}} adjacent to [[Gardariki|Garðaríki]], Hunaland, and Saxland, while [[Haukr Erlendsson]] placed them in eastern Poland.{{sfn|Ebel|2000|p=153}} West Norse sources such as Snorri tend to instead localize {{lang|non|Hreiðgotaland}} in [[Jutland]].{{sfn|Ebel|2000|pp=153-154}} The Rök runestone mentions a {{lang|non|Hraiðmaraʀ}} (Hreith-sea).{{sfn|Reichert|1998|p=87}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hreosnaburh&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hreosnaburh}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name may mean &amp;quot;hill of sorrows&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Staver|2005|p=106}} but [[Andy Orchard|Orchard]] considers it meaningless unless emended as &#039;&#039;Hrefnaburh&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;raven&#039;s stronghold&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Orchard|2003|p=172}} It is one of several legendary place names that have a fictive quality.{{sfn|Orchard|2003|p=172}} Just like the names of the Danish rulers alliterated with their residence &#039;&#039;Heorot&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;Hleiðr&#039;&#039;, the Yngling rulers&#039; names alliterated with their residence [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]],  the names of the Geatish rulers alliterate with their seat Hreosnaburh.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=Iviii, note 1}}&lt;br /&gt;
| When the Geatish prince Haethcyn accidentally had killed his brother Herebeald with arrow, their father Hrethel died of grief because he couldn&#039;t avenge his dead son on his last son. With Haethcyn left as the king of the Geats, the Swedes took advantage of the situation and successfully raided the Geats at Hreosnaburh.{{sfn|Staver|2005|p=106}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hringstaðir&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hringstaðir}} and {{lang-non|Hringstǫð}}&lt;br /&gt;
|  The two locations are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; as estates given to the hero at his naming ceremony, and they are probably ispired by [[Ringsted]] in Denmark.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=86}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hronan&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hronan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people who are mentioned in line 63, in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, but whose identity is unknown. The two other ethnonyms that appear in the same line belong to the southern part of the Scandinavian peninsula. The name corresponds to the Icelandic &#039;&#039;hrani&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;coarse, crude, heedless person&amp;quot;) and the Old Norse name &#039;&#039;Hrani&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;blusterer, boaster&amp;quot;). The word &#039;&#039;hrani&#039;&#039; has been explained as &amp;quot;the one who squeals like a pig&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=176}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Several scholars have identified them as the &#039;&#039;[[Ranii]]&#039;&#039; of Jordanes,{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=175}} and others with &#039;&#039;Hronesness&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039;. Other suggested identifications are &amp;quot;whale hunters&amp;quot; and the people of [[:da:Hindborg Sogn|Hærnborg]] in [[Jutland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=176}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hronesness&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hrones Næs}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Hron&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;whale&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=400}} and &#039;&#039;næs(s)&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;headland, bluff&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=416}} It is one of several legendary place names that have a fictive quality with an element from the natural world,{{sfn|Orchard|2003|p=172}} and like several constructed with the name of an animal in the genitive + a common word for a natural feature,{{sfn|Shippey|2014|p=72}} and it seems to be a poetic invention.{{sfn|Hiatt|2010|p=13}}{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxvii}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Where the Geats raise the barrow over Beowulf&#039;s remains.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxvi}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hundings]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hundingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people who are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; lines 23 and 81. It means &amp;quot;sons of dogs&amp;quot; and may be an old derogatory term for the [[Lombards]] and that later was narrowed down to those who lived in East [[Holstein]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=176f}} The epithet may have an old history with the Lombards and be related to Hungar (*&#039;&#039;hund-gãr&#039;&#039;, i.e. &amp;quot;dog spear&amp;quot;) or Lamicho, who was the second king of the Lombards according to [[Paul the Deacon]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=177}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The king &#039;&#039;Hunding&#039;&#039; who appears in the &#039;&#039;Poetic Edda&#039;&#039; and king &#039;&#039;Hundingus&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039; are also related.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=177}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Hundland&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hundland}}&lt;br /&gt;
| It is probably a creation by the poet to give a country for king Hunding to rule in  &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;. It is not the same as Hunland, the land of the Huns.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=224}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Huns]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Hūnas}}, {{lang-non|Húnar}}, {{lang-gmh|Hiunen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Huns, a non-Germanic nomadic tribe.&lt;br /&gt;
| In Old Norse, {{lang|non|Húnar}} is used both for Atli&#039;s subjects and as a general name for people from south of Scandinavia.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=79}} In Middle High German epic, the Huns are identified with the Hungarians.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=80}} In the &#039;&#039;Þiðrekssaga&#039;&#039; {{lang|non|Húnaland}} is located in Northern Germany and roughly corresponds to the [[Duchy of Westphalia]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=114}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Hvítabǿr&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hvítabǿr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Ragnars saga loðbrókar&#039;&#039;, the city seems to be [[Vitaby]] in [[Scania]], however the saga may preserve a connection of the English town [[Whitby]].{{sfn|McTurk|2006|p=684}} &lt;br /&gt;
| A city raided by Ragnar&#039;s sons in &#039;&#039;Ragnars saga loðbrókar&#039;&#039;. Rognvald is killed there.{{sfn|McTurk|2006|p=684}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Idumings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Idumingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people who are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 87. The name may refer to a [[Livonians|Livonian]] population, the Ydumaei, who were mentioned by [[Livonian Chronicle of Henry|Henricus Lettus]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=176f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Greater India|India]]ns (India)&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Indēas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The inhabitants of South Asia, mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 83.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=179}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A misreading of the name as &#039;&#039;Judeum&#039;&#039; was adopted by several scholars.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=179}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ilwan&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ilwan}} or {{lang-ang|Eolum (dative)}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people who are mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 87. The name refers to the same Germanic people on the lower [[Vistula]], as the &#039;&#039;[[Helveconae]]&#039;&#039; of [[Tacitus]] and the &#039;&#039;Elvaeones&#039;&#039; of [[Ptolemy]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=179}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The difference between the three forms of &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, Tacitus and Ptolemy is that &#039;&#039;Elvaeones&#039;&#039; has a &#039;&#039;ja&#039;&#039;-suffix, &#039;&#039;Helvecones&#039;&#039; has a &#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;-suffix, while &#039;&#039;Ilwan&#039;&#039; has a nil-grade of the Ptolemaic suffix.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=179}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Isenstein&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Îsenstein}}&lt;br /&gt;
| From Middle High German &#039;&#039;îsen&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;iron&amp;quot;) and &#039;&#039;stein&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;stone&amp;quot;). Brunhild&#039;s castle in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
| Localized on Iceland ({{lang-gmh|Îsland}}) in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, possibly showing knowledge of Old Norse traditions. However, &amp;quot;Iceland&amp;quot; shows no similarities to Iceland besides being an island far away from the Burgundian realm.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=94}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Island of the [[Hjaðningavíg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Wülpenwerde}} or {{lang|gmh|Wülpensand}}, {{lang-non|Höð}} or {{lang|non|Háey}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Assuming an origin in the Baltic sea, the original location may have been [[Hiddensee]], ({{lang-non|Heðinsey}}, island of Heoden), an island in the Baltic and the location given by the &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=64}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The battle is variously located: the German tradition places it on the island of [[Wulpen (island)|Wulpen]] in the [[Scheldt]] estuary. The Norse tradition places it on the island of Hod off Norway or on [[Hoy]] in the [[Orkneys]], while the &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039; places it at Hiddensee.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=64}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Israelites]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Isrāhelas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 82, possibly referring to the people of [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Israel]] in contrast to those of [[Kingdom of Judah|Judah]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=143}}{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=179}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Iste&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Īste}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 87, and identified by [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] as Ostrogoths at the Baltic Sea, and not identical to the Greutungi of the Ukraine. They have also been identified with the [[Aesti]] of [[Tacitus]], with the [[Istvaeones|Istaevones]] and with the [[Istria]]ns.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Malone rejects the other identifications on linguistic and historic grounds.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Italian Peninsula]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Eatul}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A location mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 70, and the name is the Old English form of &#039;&#039;Italy&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=143}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Jassarfjǫll&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Jassarfjǫll}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Several theories have been proposed such as the [[Czech Republic|Czech]] [[Eastern Sudetes|Jeseniky Mountains]], the north [[Hungary|Hungarian]] [[North Hungarian Mountains|Jaszygi mountains]] and hills in [[Croatia]]n [[Banovina (region)|Banovina]]. However, &#039;&#039;Jas&#039;&#039;- can be connected to the [[Alans]] and so &#039;&#039;Jassarfjǫll&#039;&#039; were probably the Jas/Alan hills, the [[Donets Ridge]] which were considered sacred by locals until the 16th century.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|pp=212f}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Jochgrimm&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Jochgrîm}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Mountain in [[South Tyrol]].&lt;br /&gt;
| The three queens who send Ecke out to seek Dietrich von Bern in the &#039;&#039;Eckenlied&#039;&#039; reside here.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=117}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Jutes]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|jótar}}, {{lang-ang|Ēotas}}, {{lang|ang|Ēotan}} {{lang-la|Iutae}}, {{lang|la|Eucii?}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The derivation is unclear, but suggested meanings are &amp;quot;people&amp;quot; (cf. ON &#039;&#039;ýtar&#039;&#039;{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=680}}), &amp;quot;land&amp;quot; (cf. Greek &#039;&#039;οὖδας&#039;&#039;) or &amp;quot;waterland&amp;quot; (cf. the Swedish lake names &#039;&#039;[[:sv:Juten|Juten]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Jutern&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=294}} They are associated with [[Jutland]] and took part in the Anglo-Saxon migration to England, which implies early Scandinavian elements among the Anglo-Saxons,{{sfn|Heggarty|Renfrew|2014|p=1979}} but it is also possible that the West Germanic Jutes that left for England were replaced by North Germanic people who inherited their name.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxv, note 7}}&lt;br /&gt;
|There is a long-standing debate in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; studies whether the word for &#039;&#039;Jutes&#039;&#039; actually refer to {{lang|ang|[[eotenas]]}} (sometimes translated as &amp;quot;giants&amp;quot;) and whether the &#039;&#039;Frisians&#039;&#039; refer to &amp;quot;Jutes&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cronan|1918|p=1}} Moreover, it has been proposed that the Geats of &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; were in fact Jutes.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxv}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Kerlingen&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Kerlingen}}, {{lang-non|Tarlungaland}} (&#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|French/Franks, the land or people of Charlemagne.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=18}} The form in &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; appears to be a distortion of &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;K&#039;&#039;&#039;arlunga-land&#039;&#039;, from the MHG name.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=186}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In German tradition, the name is especially associated with Walter of Aquitaine.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=18}} In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, the location of Sigurd/Siegfried&#039;s kingdom, south of &#039;&#039;Frakland&#039;&#039; (France).&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== L-S ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; width: 100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Modernized name&lt;br /&gt;
!Names in medieval languages&lt;br /&gt;
!Name meaning and/or identification&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Laganess, Saga Ness&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Láganes}}, {{lang-non|á nesi Ságu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; called &#039;&#039;Láganes&#039;&#039; instead of &#039;&#039;á nesi Ságu&#039;&#039; that appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=16}} &#039;&#039;Lágr&#039;&#039; (as in &#039;&#039;Láganes&#039;&#039;) means &amp;quot;low&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=376}} whereas [[Sága and Sökkvabekkr|Sága]] (as in &#039;&#039;á nesi Ságu&#039;&#039;) was the name of a Norse goddess.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=516}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, [[Sinfjötli]] says that he made [[Granmar]]/Gudmund pregnant with nine wolves in the location.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=16}}{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=219}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Læsø]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hlésey}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;leeward island&amp;quot;. In &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;, the hero lies that he lives there.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} In &#039;&#039;Oddrúnargrátr&#039;&#039;, the heroine reports that she visited Geirmund in his castle on the island.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=329}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lejre]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hleiðr}} or {{lang-non|Hleiðargarðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|According the &#039;&#039;Skjöldunga saga&#039;&#039;, the oldest residence of the [[Scylding|Skjöldung]] clan. &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; mentions the hall of Heorot in the location, and it is supposedly the site of Harald Wartooth&#039;s grave. [[Thietmar of Merseburg]] reported of great pagan sacrifices very much like those in [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]]. His report may be substantiated by finds of 10th c. buildings on the location.{{sfn|Simek|1993|p=187f}} The names of the Danish rulers alliterated with their residence &#039;&#039;Heorot&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;Hleiðr&#039;&#039;, just as the Geatish rulers with &#039;&#039;Hreosnaburh&#039;&#039;, and the Yngling rulers&#039; names alliterated with their residence [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]].{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=Iviii}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Generally identified with the location of [[Heorot]] in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Leonas&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Lēonas}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 80, and identified by [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] as the &#039;&#039;ljónar&#039;&#039; of &#039;&#039;[[Ynglingatal]]&#039;&#039;, i.e. the &#039;&#039;liunar&#039;&#039; or [[Östergötland]],{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}} but Iversen, who partly bases a study on Malone&#039;s analysis of &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, considers this identification too speculative to even be mentioned.{{sfn|Iversen|2020|p=263}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Other identifications suggested by scholars are the Leonas in [[Armorica]], the [[Asturians]] of [[León, Spain]] and the [[Liothida]] of [[Jordanes]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Lidings, Lidvikings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Lidwicingas}}, {{lang|ang|Lidingas}}, {{lang-non|Liðungar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Lidingas&#039;&#039; is an emendation of the MS&#039; &#039;&#039;Lidwicingum&#039;&#039; as &#039;&#039;Lidingum&#039;&#039;. A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 80, and mentioned as &#039;&#039;Liðungar&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Íslenzkir Annálar&#039;&#039;, and generally accepted as the inhabitants of the [[Oslo]] region.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Another identification is the &#039;&#039;Letavici&#039;&#039; of [[Armorica]] whose name has forms like &#039;&#039;Lidwiccas&#039;&#039; in Old English annals.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=179f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Limfjord]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Limfjorðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Atlamál&#039;&#039;, the Limfjord in northern [[Jutland]] separates the kingdom of the Huns from the kingdom of the Gjukungs.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=344}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[:de:Locheim (Biebesheim)|Locheim]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Loch}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A town once located between Mainz and Worms on the Rhine that was destroyed by a flood in the thirteenth century.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=99}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The place where Hagen has the hord of the Nibelungs sunk in the Rhine in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|pp=98-99}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Logafjöll&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Logafjǫll}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The means &amp;quot;flame mountains&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=12}} It is mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=214}} and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=228}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In shining splendour, the [[Valkyrie]] Sigrún meets Helgi Hundingsbane for the first time, and the poet gives the place the fitting name &amp;quot;flame mountains&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=12}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lombards]], [[Lombardy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-la|Langobardi}}, {{lang-gmh|Lamparten}}, {{lang-ang|Longbeardan}}, {{lang-non|Langbarðar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Germanic tribe,{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=88}} their name means &amp;quot;men with long beards&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=123}} In the medieval period, the name &amp;quot;Lombardy&amp;quot; referred to a larger area than the modern Lombardy region in northern Italy.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=119}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Kingdom of Ortnit, Wolfdietrich, and Dietrich von Bern is referred to as &amp;quot;Lombardy&amp;quot; ({{lang|mhg|Lamparten}}), which is also used as a people name.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=88}} The &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; sometimes distinguishes it from &amp;quot;Amlungaland&amp;quot; (see Amals).{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=119}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lorsch Abbey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Lôrs}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Benedictine monastery located 15 kilometers from Worms, founded 764.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=99}}&lt;br /&gt;
| According to the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039; C, Kriemhild and her mother Ute both stayed at the monastery. A large sarcophagus in the chapel is said to be Siegfried&#039;s coffin.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=99}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Mälaren]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Lǫgrinn}}, {{lang|non|Loginn}}, {{lang|non|Lauginn}}, {{lang|non|í Leginum}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name &#039;&#039;Lǫgrinn&#039;&#039; is the definite form of &#039;&#039;lǫgr&#039;&#039; which means &amp;quot;water&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;lake&amp;quot;, and is cognate with &#039;&#039;lake&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Klein|1966|p=859}}{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=373}} It is located west of [[Stockholm]].{{sfn|Lindow|2001|p=135}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In [[Norse mythology]] it was created by the goddess [[Gefjun]] when she tricked the Swedish king [[Gylfi]] into giving her the amount of land she could plough during a day and a night. She pulled away a large piece of land and put it between the island of [[Fyn]] and [[Scania]], creating [[Zealand]]. What remained was filled with water creating Mälaren.{{sfn|Lindow|2001|p=135}} The lake is mentioned in e.g. &#039;&#039;Ragnarsdrápa&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Heimskringla&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Ásmundar saga kappabana&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Merovingian dynasty|Merovingian]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Merewīoing}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mērijaz|Maerings]], Maeringa burg&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Mǣringa burg}}, {{lang-non|Mæringa[r]}} (corrected from {{lang|non|marika}}).{{sfn|Uecker|1972|p=53}} A 12-c. gloss from Regensburg gives {{lang-gmh|Meranare}} for Goths.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=28}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Possibly the clan name of [[Theodoric the Great]], from [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mēraz|&#039;&#039;mer&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;mær&#039;&#039;]] (famous), thus &amp;quot;the famous Goths&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Uecker|1972|p=53}} The element  was commonly used in his family; his father was [[Theodemir (Ostrogothic king)|Theodemer]], and his uncles [[Valamir|Valamer]] and Vidumer.{{sfn|Gustavson|1991|p=24}} Possibly connected to Maronia ([[Istria]], (MHG Mêrân)) or [[Meran]] in [[South Tyrol]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=28}}{{sfn|Uecker|1972|p=53}}&lt;br /&gt;
| People/place name associated with Dietrich von Bern in &#039;&#039;Iamamjadhussain&#039;&#039; and on the Rök runestone.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=28}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Mautern an der Donau]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Mûtâren}}, {{lang-gmh|Mûter}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A town in Austria located on the Danube.&lt;br /&gt;
| The Burgundians pass through Mautern on their way to Attila&#039;s court.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=100}} In &#039;&#039;Virginal&#039;&#039;, Mautern is the location of Dietrich von Bern&#039;s captivity among giants, and the place is referred to in connection with Dietrich and Heime (Háma&#039;s) liberation by Witige in &#039;&#039;Alpharts Tod&#039;&#039; as well.{{sfn|Schneider|1962|pp=276-277}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Mofdings, Ofdings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Mōfdingas}}, {{lang|ang|Ōfdingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; manuscript reads &#039;&#039;Mofdingum&#039;&#039; in line 86, and whom it referred to is unknown, but [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] emends it as &#039;&#039;Ofdingum&#039;&#039; and derives it from [[Ovida]]. As a dynastic name it would have referred to the [[Ostrogoths]] of [[Geberic]]&#039;s time.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=186f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|It may be assumed that the Ostrogoths of Geberic&#039;s time (4th c.) still controlled the [[Vistula]] basin.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=186f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Moinsheim and Moinsheimar&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Móinsheim}} and {{lang|non|Móinsheimar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=221, 392}}  and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=221, 392}} Bugge who tried to locate the heroic lays in Denmark, suggested [[Møn]].{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} See also [[Moin (mythology)|Moin]] in Norse mythology. &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Møn]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Moide}}, {{lang-non|Mói}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The &#039;&#039;Moide&#039;&#039; were a group people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 84, and identified as the inhabitants of the island of [[Møn]]. The old name of the island was &#039;&#039;Mói&#039;&#039; and it appears in [[Adam of Bremen]]&#039;s work as &#039;&#039;Moiland&#039;&#039;. The name is derived from *&#039;&#039;mōh&#039;&#039; with an &#039;&#039;aja&#039;&#039;-suffix and the Old English form regularly evolved from it. It is also identified with a battle mentioned in the &#039;&#039;Poetic Edda&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=183}} see &#039;&#039;Móinsheim&#039;&#039;-, above.&lt;br /&gt;
|Older scholarship interpreted the name as referring to the &amp;quot;[[Medes]]&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=183}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Moors]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Mœre}}&lt;br /&gt;
| From medieval Latin {{lang|la|Maurus}} (&amp;quot;Moor&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=95}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The hero Siegfried von Moorland and some others are described as Moors in medieval German epic. In Siegfried von Moorland&#039;s case, Moor may be used synonymously with &amp;quot;heathen,&amp;quot; as he appears to be a Viking.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=95}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Mornaland&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Mornaland}} &lt;br /&gt;
| Mentioned in &#039;&#039;Oddrúnargrátr&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;Oddrun&#039;s lament&amp;quot;), but it is not known from anywhere else.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=221, 392}} [[Finnur Jónsson|Jónsson]] commented that he name reminded him of the Myrgings (see below),{{sfn|Jónsson|1932|pp=299}} and Cleasby &amp;amp; Sigfússon suggest [[Moravia]].{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=435}} The verb &#039;&#039;morna&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;to mourn&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=435}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Munarheim&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Munarheimr}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The name means the &amp;quot;home of love&amp;quot;. It is one of several poetic place names found in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvarðssonar&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=198}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Munarvágr]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Munarvágr}} or {{lang|non|Unavágar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name appears with variations in spelling.{{sfn|Tolkien|1960|p=5, note &#039;&#039;a&#039;&#039;}} If the first element is &#039;&#039;Una&#039;&#039;-, it means &amp;quot;where life is good&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=83}} The element &#039;&#039;Munr&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;mind&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;desire&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;love&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|pp=438f}} and &#039;&#039;vágr&#039;&#039; which means &amp;quot;wave&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=684}} It is located on the island of Samsø in the sagas.&lt;br /&gt;
|It is mentioned in e.g. &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Orvar-Odd&#039;s saga&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Ragnar Lodbrok&#039;s saga&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I, 31&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Myrkviðr|Mirkwood]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Myrkviðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name means &amp;quot;dark forest.&amp;quot; It is unclear if the forest had any geographical meaning originally.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=186}} As for the location in the &#039;&#039;[[Hlöðskviða|Battle of the Goths and the Huns]]&#039;&#039;, [[Omeljan Pritsak]] identifies it with what would later be called the &amp;quot;dark blue forest&amp;quot; (&#039;&#039;Goluboj lěsь&#039;&#039;) and the  &amp;quot;black forest&amp;quot; (&#039;&#039;Černyj lěsь&#039;&#039;) near the [[Dnieper]].{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=211}}{{sfn|Eggers|2002|pp=460-61}} German chronicler [[Thietmar von Merseburg]] (died 1018) uses {{lang|la|Miriquidui}} to refer to the [[Ore Mountains]], which would be on the route taken by a messenger crossing from the Rhine (Burgundians) to the Danube (Huns).{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=101}} &lt;br /&gt;
| A forest mentioned almost exclusively in Old Norse heroic poems that is often on the border between one land and another, as between the Burgundians and Huns in &#039;&#039;Atlakviða&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=101}}  It is often between the Goths and Huns.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=186}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Myrging]]s&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Myrgingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; lines 42–43, king [[Offa of Angel]] marked the border to the Myrgings at the [[Eider (river)|Eider]] (&#039;&#039;Fifeldore&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|Jones|1969|p=52}}{{sfn|Shippey|2008|p=227}} The word &#039;&#039;murge&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;myrge&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;pleasing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;agreeable&amp;quot;, modern &#039;&#039;merry&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Clark Hall|1916|pp=206, 210}} from PGmc *&#039;&#039;murʒuz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;short&amp;quot;),{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=276}} and according to [[Rudolf Much|Much]] it was a derogatory nickname that was raised to a title of honour for [[Lombards|Langobards]].{{sfn|Malone|1926|p=344}} However, they are also identified as [[Saxons]]{{sfn|Malone|1953|p=156}}{{sfn|Jones|1969|p=52}} or [[Suebi]]ans.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|p=172}} Clarke notes that it is difficult to establish their identity as it may have been a dynastic name, and while [[Saxo Grammaticus|Saxo]] (&#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039;) calls them Saxons, his contemporary [[Sven Aggesen]] calls them &#039;&#039;[[Alemanni|Alamani]]&#039;&#039;. Also in the end of the Offa part in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; (line 44) it is said that the border established by Offa was upheld by Angles (Offa&#039;s people) and Suebians (&#039;&#039;Swæfe&#039;&#039;), which was a collective name for the tribes in the [[Elbe]] basin.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|p=172}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The reason why king [[Eadgils of the Myrgings]] appears in 12th c. Danish sources (Saxo and Aggesen) as a king of Sweden may be that he was originally called &#039;&#039;Swebe kyning&#039;&#039; and that &#039;&#039;Sweba&#039;&#039; was replaced with &#039;&#039;Svea&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;Swedes&amp;quot;) which was by then more familiar.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|p=173}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Myrkheim&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Myrkheimr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name is ON for &amp;quot;World of Darkness and is probably a deliberately irreal location.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=101}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The place where Gunnar is thrown into the snake pit in &#039;&#039;Atlakviða&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=101}} Nikulús of Þverá identified as having taken place in the city of [[Luni, Italy]].{{sfn|Waßenhoven|2008|pp=46-47}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Nibelung]]s&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Nibelunge}}, {{lang-non|Niflungar}}, {{lang-la|Franci nebulones}} (&#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
| Name could originate with the [[Nibelungids]], a Frankish dynasty installed in the conquered Burgundian kingdom in southern Gaul. The etymology is uncertain, possibly named after [[Nivelles]] (Gmc &#039;&#039;*Niuwa-alha&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;new sanctuary&amp;quot;). The word has been influenced by PGmc &#039;&#039;*nebula-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;mist, darkness&amp;quot;) or &#039;&#039;*nibila-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;low, deep, dark&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|pp=98-99}} &lt;br /&gt;
| The name is consistently applied to the Burgundians in the Old Norse sources, including the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, but in the German tradition it can also refer to magical beings under the control of Siegfried. In the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, the Burgundians are not called &amp;quot;Nibelungen&amp;quot; until the second half of the poem.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|pp=97-99}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Niederland&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Niderlant}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Not the [[Netherlands]], but the low country around Xanten.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|pp=103, 139}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Sigmund and Siegfried&#039;s kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Njarar&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Niarar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| It&#039;s uncertain if the name represents a historical people. They have been connected to the Swedish region of [[Nerike]] or with the Belgic [[Nervii]] tribe.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=200}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Völundarkviða&#039;&#039;, the people of King Nithhad, which it apparently places in Sweden.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=200}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Normans]], [[Normandy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Ormanie}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| The land of Ludwig and Hartmut in &#039;&#039;Kudrun&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Lienert|2015|p=86}} Certain elements seem to derive from knowledge of the [[Normans of Sicily]] rathar than Normandy in France.{{sfn|Schneider|1962|p=372}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Norvasund, Orvasund&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Nǫrvasundr}}, {{lang-non|Ǫrvasundr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Norvasund means &amp;quot;narrow strait&amp;quot; and was the name for the [[Strait of Gibraltar]].{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=414}} &#039;&#039;Orvasund&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;arrow sound&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=217}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; a location from where troops were sent to aid [[Helgi Hundingsbane]].{{sfn|Byock|1999|p=138}} In the first lay of Helgi Hundingsbane named &#039;&#039;Örvasund&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=217}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Oium]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-lat|Oium}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Oium&#039;&#039; is a Gothic word in the dative plural from and means &amp;quot;in the fruitful fields&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;on fruitful island&amp;quot;, and it was located in the Ukraine.{{sfn|Wolfram|2004|p=44ff}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In [[Jordanes]]&#039; &#039;&#039;[[Getica]]&#039;&#039;, king Filimer is reported to have led the Goths there from [[Gothiscandza]].{{sfn|Wolfram|2004|p=44ff}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ongendmyrgings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ongendmyrgingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 85, and the name may have referred to a branch of the Myrgings living in western [[Schleswig]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=188}} &lt;br /&gt;
|[[Kemp Malone|Malone]] compares the word &#039;&#039;ongen(d)&#039;&#039; with name of the Swedish king [[Ongentheow]]  He connects &#039;&#039;ongen&#039;&#039; to &#039;&#039;ing&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;ang&#039;&#039; that may be in [[Apophony|grade relation]], which would be the simplest way of explaining the form &#039;&#039;Ingentheow&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; for the name &#039;&#039;Ongentheow&#039;&#039;. The words relate to &amp;quot;spear&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sting&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;prick&amp;quot; and thus to &#039;&#039;[[phallus]]&#039;&#039;, and the god &#039;&#039;Ing&#039;&#039; (Freyr) was a phallic god.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=188ff}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Pechenegs]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Petschenære}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A nomadic Turkic people, who attacked Constantinople in the eleventh century.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=105}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Depicted as skilled bowmen who can shoot a bird while riding who are subject to Attila in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=105}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Perse&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Perse}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 84, and it may refer to the Celtic [[Parisi (tribe)|Parisi]] tribe at the [[Humber]]. If it were emended to &#039;&#039;werse&#039;&#039; it would refer to the &#039;&#039;versir&#039;&#039;, the inhabitants of [[Voss]] near [[Bergen]], [[Norway]], and if emended to &#039;&#039;Merse&#039;&#039; it would refer to the inhabitants of [[Mors (island)|Mors]], an island in the [[Limfjord]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=190f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Traditionally the name has been connected to the [[Persians]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=190f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Picts]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Peohtas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 79, and the name refers to the Picts of [[Scotland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=188}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Pole, Lubusz Voivodeship|Poles]], [[Poland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Pôlân}} or {{lang-gmh|Bôlân}}, {{lang-non|Pulinar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Slavic people living in modern Poland. The name derives from Slavic &#039;&#039;pole&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;field, prairie&amp;quot;) + the derivative suffix &#039;&#039;-jane&#039;&#039; and means &amp;quot;prairie dwellers&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=148}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, they are subject to Attila. In &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;, Biterolf leads Attila&#039;s armies against the rebellious Poles and Rus&#039;. Several heroes, including Hornboge, are associated with Poland.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=105}} In &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, the area is vaguely located between Hunaland and Rus&#039; and is partially ruled by Rus&#039;, partially by the Veleti. This may be because Poland had lost Pomerania by the time of the saga&#039;s composition and thus had no direct connection to Scandinavia via the Baltic. The saga also uses the names &#039;&#039;Smáland&#039;&#039; for [[Lesser Poland]] and &#039;&#039;Þioðland&#039;&#039; for [[Greater Poland]].{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=147-148}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Pomeranians (tribe)|Pomeranians]], [[Pomerania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Pomerân}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Slavic tribe inhabiting the area east of the Oder River.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=105}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Dietleib conquers the Pomeranians for Attila in &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;. In the &#039;&#039;[[Kaiserchronik]]&#039;&#039;, the Pomeranians are among Dietrich von Bern (Theodoric the Great)&#039;s force invading Italy to fight Odoacer.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=105}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Old Prussians|Prussians]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Priuzen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Baltic people who were either wiped out or conquered by the [[Teutonic Knights]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=106}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;, Attila&#039;s Huns conquer the Prussians, and they are mentioned in other epics as well.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=106}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Raben&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Raben(e)}}, {{lang-non|Rana}}, possibly {{lang|non|Gronsport}}&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ravenna]], Italy. The &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; locates the same battle at a place called Gronsport on the [[Moselle]] river in northern Germany; this could reflect a corruption of Gregenborg (&amp;quot;Greek-city&amp;quot;), one of the names given to Ravenna in the saga. It may instead reflect an alternative localization in Northern German legend, in which case various explanations for the name have been offered.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=85-86}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Site of an enormous battle between Dietrich von Bern and Ermanaric&#039;s forces, during which Witige slays Dietrich&#039;s brother Diether and the sons of Attila and Helche. In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Ermanaric gives Ravenna to Witige after he has killed the Harlungen.{{sfn|Paff|1959|pp=159-160}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ramsta, Nærøy|Ramsta]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Hrafnista}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A small homestead in Northern Norway that has given its name to four [[legendary sagas]], the [[Hrafnistumannasögur]].&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Raudabjorg&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Rauðabjǫrg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Rauða&#039;&#039;- means &amp;quot;red&amp;quot;{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=484}} while &#039;&#039;bjǫrg&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;help, deliverance out of need or danger&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=66}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A location mentioned in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; as the location where [[Helgi Hundingsbane]] assembled his army.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=15}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Ravenswood&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Hrefna Wudu}}, {{lang-ang|Hrefnes Holt}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A forest in Sweden. The name &#039;&#039;Hrefna Wudu&#039;&#039; is mentioned line 2925, and &#039;&#039;Hrefnes Holt&#039;&#039; in line 2935.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=469}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the battle of Ravenswood against the Geats, the Swedish king [[Ongentheow]] fell, and [[Ohtere]] succeeded him.{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lx}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Rodulsvoll, Rodulsfell&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Rǫðulsvǫll}} and {{lang|non|Rǫðulsfjall}}&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;Rǫðull&#039;&#039; may mean &amp;quot;the sun&amp;quot;, but it may also mean &amp;quot;glory&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;halo&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;crest&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=507}} &#039;&#039;Fjall&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;mountain&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=507}} For the meaning of &#039;&#039;vǫll&#039;&#039;, see Fýrisvellir. &lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;Rǫðulsvǫll&#039;&#039; is mentioned by the Valkyrie Svafa as the location where the hero of the poem was born,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=200}} and &#039;&#039;Rǫðulsfjall&#039;&#039; is mentioned by the hero as place near his home.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=210}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Rogheim&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Rogheimr}} &lt;br /&gt;
| Cleasby &amp;amp; Sigfússon suggest [[Rogaland]].{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=501}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvarðssonar&#039;&#039;, as a location where the hero of the poem lives.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=210}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Romerike]] &lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Heaðoreamas}}, {{lang-non|Raumar}}, {{lang-non|Raumaríki}}, {{lang-lat|Raumariciae}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The people of Romerike are mentioned as the &#039;&#039;Heaðoreamas&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;battle{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=136}} raumar&amp;quot;) in Beowulf and as the &#039;&#039;Raumariciae&#039;&#039; in Jordanes&#039; &#039;&#039;Getica&#039;&#039;. The name is derived from the river [[Glomma|Raumelfr]], where &#039;&#039;raumr&#039;&#039; is derived from &#039;&#039;rjúmi&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;rjómi&#039;&#039; {{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=435}} which means &amp;quot;calm&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=501}}&lt;br /&gt;
|North Germanic tribe&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Rondings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Rondingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 24. Chambers translates it as the &amp;quot;shield men&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=25}} while [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] compares it to &#039;&#039;rondburgum&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;border strongholds&amp;quot;) and interpretes the name as the &amp;quot;borderers&amp;quot; and referring to the people of [[Telemark]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=191f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Other scholars have identified the name with the [[Reudigni]] of [[Tacitus]].{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=12}}{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=191}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Rugii]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Rondingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 69. According to [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] identical to the Holmrugians of the same poem.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=192}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Chambers located them on the [[Danube]],{{sfn|Chambers|1912|p=210}} which Malone considers to be incorrect.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=192}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Rumwalas&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Rūmwalas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 69, and identifiable with the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=193}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The vowel &#039;&#039;ū&#039;&#039; instead of &#039;&#039;o&#039;&#039; shows transmission through Gothic intermediaries.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=193}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Rus&#039; people|Rus&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Riuze(n)}}, {{lang-non|Ruzi}} (&#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;), {{lang-non|Garðar}}, {{lang-non|Garðaríki}} and many other names&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;E.g. {{lang-non|Hólmgarðaríki}} (&amp;quot;Realm of Novgorod&amp;quot;), {{lang-non|Austrríki}} (&amp;quot;Eastern Realm&amp;quot;), {{lang-non|Austrvegr}} (&amp;quot;Eastern Route&amp;quot;), {{lang-non|Rússía}}, {{lang-non|Rússland}}, {{lang-non|Svíþióð hinn kalda}} (&amp;quot;the Cold Sweden&amp;quot;), and {{lang-non|Svíþjóð hin mikla}} (&amp;quot;the Great Sweden&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Old East Slavic|OES]] &#039;&#039;[[wikt:Русь|Rus&#039;]]&#039;&#039; is generally accepted to derive from [[Finnic languages|Finnic]] &#039;&#039;[[wikt:Ruotsi|ruotsi]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;[[Swedes (Germanic tribe)|Swedes]]&amp;quot;) from the [[Old Norse|ON]] root &#039;&#039;[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōaną|roðr]]&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;rower crew&amp;quot;) and initially, it referred to the Swedes active on the waterways of Eastern Europe.{{sfn|Kurzjurin|Jarošenko|2019|pp=154-156}} Later it became the name of the state they founded, [[Kievan Rus&#039;]].{{sfn|Kurzjurin|Jarošenko|2019|pp=154-156}} The ON name &#039;&#039;[[Garðaríki|Garðar(íki)]]&#039;&#039; is probably from the network of forts (&#039;&#039;[[wikt:garðr|garðar]]&#039;&#039;, cf. Slavic &#039;&#039;[[Gorod (toponymy)|gorod]]&#039;&#039;) built to protect the routes.{{sfn|Jansson|1987|p=57}}  There are many other ON names for the region, but several of them were written down with vague geographic knowledge, distant in time and location from those who coined them.{{sfn|Mägi|2018|pp=152ff}}   &lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;The region and its people are often mentioned in Old Norse legendary sagas.{{sfn|Mägi|2018|pp=152ff}} In the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, they are Attila&#039;s subjects. In &#039;&#039;Ortnit&#039;&#039;, the hero Iljas von Russland is from Rus&#039;. In &#039;&#039;Biterolf und Dietleib&#039;&#039;, they rebel against Attila, and a reference by the poet [[:de:Der Marner|Der Marner]] suggests their may have been additional songs about them. In &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, their king Valdemarr attacks Attila&#039;s kingdom and is killed.&#039;&#039;{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=108}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|North European hunters and gatherers,{{Sfn|Hellquist|1922|p=103}} [[Sami people]] (Lapps),{{sfn|Swanton|1997|p=208}} [[Finns]]{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=103}}&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Finnr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Of contested origin, from e.g. PGmc *&#039;&#039;Finnaz&#039;&#039;, of unclear origin,{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=103}} or from PGmc *&#039;&#039;fanþian&#039;&#039;- &amp;quot;wandering people&amp;quot;.{{Sfn|Hellquist|1922|p=103}} Non-Germanic people that were more widespread over northern Scandinavia, Finland and northern Russia.&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Samsø]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Samsey}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A Danish island where the Swedish hero [[Hjalmar and Ingeborg|Hjalmar]] and the Norwegian hero [[Örvar-Oddr]] fought twelve infamous beserkers in Norse legends.&lt;br /&gt;
|It was also the location of [[Munarvágr]].&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sævarstath&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sævarstað}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;place by the sea&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sea-stead&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=191}}{{sfn|Bellows|1928|p=261}}&lt;br /&gt;
|After Nidud&#039;s men had hamstrung [[Wayland]], they confined him to an island named Sævarstað.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=191}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Saxons]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Seaxe}}, {{Lang-gmh|Sahse(n)}}, {{lang-non|Saxar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| From PGmc *&#039;&#039;Sahsaz&#039;&#039; or *&#039;&#039;Sahsōn&#039;&#039;, from the PGmc noun &#039;&#039;*sahsan&#039;&#039;, which designated a kind of small sword similar to a knife or a dagger.{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=312}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Saxons are described as proverbially fierce in Medieval German epic. In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, the name {{lang|non|Saxland}} is used for northern Germany.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=114}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scania]], [[Scandinavia]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Scedeland}}, {{lang-ang|Scedenig}}, {{lang-non|Skáney}}, {{lang-lat|Sca(n)dinavia}}, {{lang-lat|Scandza}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;skaþōn&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;harm, damage&amp;quot;){{sfn|Orel|2003|p=336}} and *&#039;&#039;aʒwjō&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;aχwjō&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;island&amp;quot;),{{sfn|Orel|2003|p=4}} and may be reconstructed as *&#039;&#039;Skaðinawiō&#039;&#039; with the same meaning (&amp;quot;damage island&amp;quot;). It may have originally denoted the south-westernmost point at [[Falsterbo]] with its dangerous shallows.{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=281}} In &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; the names &#039;&#039;Scedeland&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Scedenig&#039;&#039; are used to denote the Danish territory reflecting the fact that Scania was part of the Danish realm (it stayed Danish until 1658).{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=Iviii}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The hero Biterolf is the king of Scania (Skane) in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039; - this may derive from his associate with Spain (Spanje) in medieval German epic.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=13}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scoti]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Scottas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 79, and referring to the Irish.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=194}} &lt;br /&gt;
|It can hardly refer to the Highland Scots as one scholar thought.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=194}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Scridefinns&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Scridefinnas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Probably the [[Sámi people]] of Northern Scandinavia, and mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, line 79,{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=194}} see also entry. &lt;br /&gt;
|The prefix &#039;&#039;scride&#039;&#039; refers to skiing.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=194}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scylding]]s&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Scylding}}, {{lang-non|skjǫldungr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Traditionally dervied from &#039;&#039;Scyld&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;[[Skjöldr]]&#039;&#039;, the eponymous founder of the clan.{{sfn|Malone|1953|pp=153-154}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&#039;&#039;The &#039;&#039;Skjöldungs&#039;&#039;, the ruling clan in [[Lejre]] among whom several Norse legends and the first part of &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; take place.&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sea-Danes&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Sǣdene}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 29, and referring to the Danes.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=193}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The prefix &#039;&#039;sea&#039;&#039; possibly narrows them down to the Danes that had settled on the Danish islands, or it refers to the maritime might of the Danes.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=193}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Secgan&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Secgan}}, {{lang-ang|Sycgan}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Finnsburg fragment&#039;&#039;, there is a warrior named Sigeferth from the Secgan tribe, who [[Frederick Klaeber|Klaeber]] identifies as a coastal people,{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=472}} and Gillespie locates them on the northern coast of Germany. He notes that Sigeferth is probably the same character as Sǣferð of the Sycgan in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; 31.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=122}} Clarke also identifies the two characters and comments that based on the name &#039;&#039;Ymber&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;[[Ammerland]]&amp;quot;), the form &#039;&#039;sycg&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; may originally have been &#039;&#039;secg&#039;&#039;. He suggests that it was originally a dynastic name among the Anglo-Saxons.{{sfn|Clarke|1911|p=267}} Sometimes they are considered to have belonged to the &amp;quot;half Danish tribes&amp;quot;, although evidence is lacking,{{sfn|Lawrence|1915|p=393}} but they were in any case a &amp;quot;very minor ethnic group&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Neidorf|2018a|p=863}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Klaeber derives Secgan from &#039;&#039;segc&#039;&#039; meaning &amp;quot;sword&amp;quot; and compares it to &#039;&#039;seax&#039;&#039; as in [[Saxons]].{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=472}} Otherwise it is derived from PGmc *&#039;&#039;sagjaz&#039;&#039; which means &amp;quot;companion&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;man&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;warrior&amp;quot; and it has cognates in OS &#039;&#039;segg&#039;&#039; and ON &#039;&#039;seggr&#039;&#039;, and also in Latin &#039;&#039;socius&#039;&#039;. This shows that they derive from a PIE form *&#039;&#039;sok&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;w&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;i̯ós&#039;&#039;, of which the stem would be *&#039;&#039;sok&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;w&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;h&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;- (&amp;quot;friend&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Byrd|2015|p=211}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Segard&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Segarðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In Old Norse, the name means &amp;quot;fortress city by the sea,&amp;quot; whereas in the presumed German original, it would mean &amp;quot;enclosure by a lake.&amp;quot;{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=164}} A manuscript variant {{lang|non|Regarðr}} could indicate the island of Rügen as the original location.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=179}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Brunhild&#039;s stronghold in the northern Alps in Swabia in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga.&#039;&#039;{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=164}} The iron door of the castle suggests a link to her stronghold in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039; Isenstein (MHG &#039;&#039;îsen&#039;&#039; = iron).{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=120}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sercings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Sercingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 75, and possibly referring to the [[Siraces]] at the [[Black Sea]], mentioned by [[Tacitus]]. It may also refer to [[Serkland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=197f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Malone rejects the derivation of [[Serkland]] from [[Saracen]]s because the form would have been *&#039;&#039;Serkjaland&#039;&#039;. He instead derives it from &#039;&#039;[[Serica|sērica]]&#039;&#039;, see below.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=197f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Serings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Seringas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 75, and the name refers to the [[Serica|Sēres]], the people of [[Central Asia]], a region that was in close contact with the [[Baltic Sea]] area due to the [[Volga trade route|Neva and Volga river trade routes]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=198f}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sevafjoll&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sevafjǫll}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name means &amp;quot;wet mountains&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Bellows|1928|p=319}} It appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Bellows|1928|p=319}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The place where [[Helgi Hundingsbane]] lived with his [[Valkyrie]] [[Sigrún]] after having fought and won a war for her sake. They had several sons, but soon Sigrún&#039;s brother killed him in revenge for their father.{{sfn|Bellows|1928|pp=319ff}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|Sigarsholm, Sigarsvöll&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Sigarsholmr}} and {{lang|non|Sigarsvǫll}}&lt;br /&gt;
|  &#039;&#039;Sigarsholm&#039;&#039; is place where swords are hidden in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjörvardssonar&#039;&#039; and the name means [[Sigar]]&#039;s island.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=201}} &#039;&#039;Sigarsvöll&#039;&#039; mentioned in the same poem means &amp;quot;Sigar&#039;s plain&amp;quot;, and is the location where the hero dies in a duel.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=208}} The second location is also mentioned in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; as an estate given to the hero when he was born.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=213}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The place names are probably symbolical, like other place names in the poem.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=213}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Signhildsberg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sigtún}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The derivation is contested but may be cognate with the Celtic toponym [[Segodunum]], from PGmc *&#039;&#039;[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/segaz|siga]]-[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tūną|tūna]]&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;strong fortress&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Koch|2020|p=131}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Founded by Odin according to the &#039;&#039;Prose Edda&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Koch|2020|p=131}} It also appears in e.g. &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, in &#039;&#039;Heimskringla&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039;. It is mentioned in the legend of [[Hjalmar and Ingeborg]] in &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, but was renamed in honour of another legendary couple, [[Hagbard and Signy|Hagbard and Signy (Signhild)]] in the 17th c.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Siklings]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Siklingar}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The dynasty of king [[Sigar]] (OE Sighere). The name applied to the house of Sigar suggests a hypocoristic eponym *&#039;&#039;Sikki&#039;&#039; (OE *&#039;&#039;Secca&#039;&#039;), based on &#039;&#039;Sig&#039;&#039; and a &#039;&#039;k&#039;&#039;-suffix.{{Sfn|Malone|1962|pp=196, 200}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Skáldskaparmál&#039;&#039;, in the &#039;&#039;[[Prose Edda]]&#039;&#039;, its members include both the Geatish king [[Siggeir]] and the Danish king [[Sigar]].{{Sfn|Faulkes|1995|p=64}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Slavs]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Winedas}}, {{Lang-goh|Winida}} {{lang-non|Vindr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The (Western) Slavs were called in PGm *&#039;&#039;Weneđaz&#039;&#039;. Of unknown origin; perhaps related to *&#039;&#039;weniz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;friend&amp;quot;).{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=455}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Soest, Germany|Soest]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Susat}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Soest in [[Westphalia]].&lt;br /&gt;
| In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, Atli&#039;s capital is at Soest, which was one of the most important cities in the [[Hanseatic League]] in the thirteenth century. It is unclear if the localization in Soest was a feature of north German legend or a creature of the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=172-174}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sok, Sogn&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sǫk}}, {{lang-non|Sǫgn}}&lt;br /&gt;
|An island which in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; is called &#039;&#039;Sǫgn&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=221}} which means &amp;quot;report,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=743}}{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=578}} but in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; called Sǫk,{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=17}} wich means &amp;quot;legal action&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;instigation&amp;quot;.{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=578}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In  &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, Gudmund&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; reports that their enemy Helgi has 7000 warriors on the island,{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=221}} but in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;, this is reported by his father [[Granmar]].{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=17}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Solheim &lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sólheimr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Sól&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;sun&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=579}} and &#039;&#039;heimr&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;home&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=251}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Solheim castle is where the adversary [[Hothbrodd]] lives in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=221}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sparin&#039;s Heath&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Sparinsheiðr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Sophus Bugge]] connected the name to [[Sparta]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=109}} Sparin is unknown elsewhere.{{sfn|Bellows|1928|p=306}} The location appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=222}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A location where [[Hothbrodd]] and [[Granmar]] have allies against [[Helgi Hundingsbane]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=222}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Stave Ness&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Stafsnes}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;Stafn&#039;&#039; means the &amp;quot;stem of a ship&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=256}} It appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=216}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A location from where allies come with warships to aid [[Helgi Hundingsbane]] in his war against [[Hothbrodd]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=216}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Staraya Ladoga]] &lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-non|Aldeigja}}, {{lang-non|Aldeigjuborg}}, {{lang-non|Aldogaborg}}, &lt;br /&gt;
|Staraya Ladoga is mentioned about 40 times in Old Icelandic literature.{{sfn|Jackson|2009|p=438}} Archaeological finds from the mid-8th c. and onwards show that there was a Norse settlement there and that it was a transit point on the route from Sweden to Novgorod (&#039;&#039;Holmgarðr&#039;&#039;) where ships were repaired and built.{{sfn|Jackson|2009|p=439}} Although, the name &#039;&#039;Aldeigja&#039;&#039; is connected to the name of [[Lake Ladoga]], there are several theories about its Finnic origin such as *&#039;&#039;aaldokas&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;aallokas&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;wavy&amp;quot;), *&#039;&#039;Alode-joki&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;lowland river&amp;quot;) or from &#039;&#039;Olhava&#039;&#039;, the name of a nearby river. When the Slavs later arrived, they borrowed the name &#039;&#039;Aldeigja&#039;&#039; as &#039;&#039;Ladoga&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Jackson|2009|p=441}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the U version of &#039;&#039;Hervarar saga&#039;&#039;, Angantyr&#039;s father-in-law is earl there.{{sfn|Pritsak|1981|p=210}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Styr Cliffs&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Styrkleifar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The word &#039;&#039;styrr&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;tumult&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;brawl&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=601}} &lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;, it is where Helgi Hundingsbane killed [[Starkad]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=230}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Styria]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Stîre}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A region in modern Austria.&lt;br /&gt;
| The heroes Biterolf and his son Dietleib are associated with Styria in medieval German epic.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=128}} Attila grants Biterolf Styria as a fief following Biterolf&#039;s excellent service to him, although the hero is originally from Spain. Moritz Haupt and Hermann Schneider both believed that Dietleib was originally a Danish hero, as in the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, and that Styria (MHG &#039;&#039;Stîre&#039;&#039;) might be a south German adaptation of the [[Stör]] river in Schleswig-Holstein.{{sfn|Paff|1959|p=56}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Suebi]] ([[Swabians]])&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Swǣfas}}, {{lang-gmh|Swâben}}, {{lang-non|Sváva[r]}}&lt;br /&gt;
| From PGmc *swēbaz, from &#039;&#039;*swē-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;one&#039;s own&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Peterson|2004|p=16}}  The Swabians in modern southern Germany. The name is first attested in Caesar and then attested referring to a number of tribes in northern Germania in Tacitus.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=129}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Swabians are frequently mentioned in German epic, as characters travelling from the Rhine to Hungary or Italy must pass through their territory. Several minor heroes are Swabians. In the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, the name {{lang|non|Svávaland}} is used to refer to southern Germany in general.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=129}} &#039;&#039;Widsith &#039;&#039;makes the Hundings the neighbors of the Swabians.{{sfn|Uecker|1972|p=126}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Svarin&#039;s Hill&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Svarinshaugr}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name has been connected to [[Schwerin]].{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=196}}{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=79}} It appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=217}} and in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana II&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=227}} &lt;br /&gt;
|It is where the adversary king [[Granmar]] lives.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=217, 227}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Swedes (Germanic tribe)|Swedes]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Swēon}}, {{lang-non|svíar}}, {{lang-lat|suiones}}, {{lang-lat|sueones}}, {{lang-lat|suehans}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The ethnonym may be derived from *&#039;&#039;suī&#039;&#039; and refer to &amp;quot;swine&amp;quot;.{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=568}} The Swedes wore helmets decorated with boars. Moreover, the Swedish Yngling dynasty were called descendants of the god Freyr whose animal was the boar. The boar was likely their regal insignia.{{sfn|Simek|1993|p=306}} The boar also represented both Sweden and Freyr iconographically.{{sfn|Byock|1999|p=306}} Another theory, suggests *&#039;&#039;swe-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;one&#039;s own&amp;quot;), meaning &amp;quot;confederates&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;independent&amp;quot;, and be related to OHG &#039;&#039;giswīo&#039;&#039; (&amp;lt; -&#039;&#039;swiho&#039;&#039;) &amp;quot;in-laws&amp;quot;. The name may also be derived from a root *&#039;&#039;swi&#039;&#039;, as in OHG &#039;&#039;swīnan&#039;&#039;, &amp;quot;to ebb out&amp;quot; and be related to water, as in the Swedish body of water Svinnegarn, or from the Proto-Germanic word for &amp;quot;sea&amp;quot;, *&#039;&#039;saiwi&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|de Vries|2000|p=568}} &lt;br /&gt;
|Located in the [[Mälaren]] basin with their tribal centre in [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]], where resided the [[yngling|scylfing (Yngling) dynasty]]. Their realm is believed to have included the provinces [[Uppland]], [[Södermanland]], [[Västmanland]] and [[Närke]].{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=lxi}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Sweordweras&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Sweordweras}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A group of people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 62, and they have the same name as the [[Suarines|Suardones]] of [[Tacitus]], which is derived from a word for &amp;quot;pig skin&amp;quot;. In Tacitus&#039; work they belong to seven peoples located in an area often identified as [[Jutland]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=202ff}} &lt;br /&gt;
| Older scholarship interpreted the name as &amp;quot;men of the sword&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=203f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== T-Z ==&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable sortable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: 90%; width: 100%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
!Modernized name&lt;br /&gt;
!Names in medieval languages&lt;br /&gt;
!Name meaning and/or identification&lt;br /&gt;
!Notes&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Thuringians]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-la|Thuringii}}, {{lang-ang|Þyringas}}, {{lang-gmh|Düringen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Etymology uncertain, possibly from &#039;&#039;*þuringoz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;the brave&amp;quot;) or related to the Celtic tribal name Teurii, or related to the Germanic [[Hermanduri]] tribe.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=32}} The tribe ruled an independent kingdom until 531 when it was incorporated into Francia.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=32}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In the MHG tradition, represented most prominently by Hermanafrid (Irnfrid) and Iring, which is the only clear example of a heroic legend developing within modern Germany.{{sfn|Schneider|1934|p=138}} The Thuringians, with Hermanafrid as an exiled margrave, appear among Attila&#039;s men in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=129}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Tischcal&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Tischcâl}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The name may refer to [[Dijon]] in [[Burgundy]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=150}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Wolfdietrich&#039;&#039; D, Wolfdietrich retires to the monastery of Tischcal, which is under the &amp;quot;Order of [[Saint George]]&amp;quot;, and becomes a monk. He aids the monastery in fighting off a giant named Tarias. He does penance for his sins and is visited by the souls of all those he has slain.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=150}} According to the &#039;&#039;Eckenlied&#039;&#039;, Wolfdietrich bequeathed the invincible suit of armor of Ortnit to Tischcal, where Queen Seburg of Jochgrimm acquired it and gave it to Ecke. The armor was then taken by Dietrich von Bern after he kills Ecke.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=101}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Thor&#039;s Ness, Thrasness&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Þórsnes}}, {{lang-non|Þrasnes}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; called &amp;quot;[[Thor]]&#039;s Ness&amp;quot;, but in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039; called Thrasness.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=15}} &#039;&#039;Þras&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;quarrel&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=743}} In &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039;, the location of Gnípalundr (Gnipa Grove).{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=86}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In the &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;, a location in Granmar&#039;s kingdom, where [[Sinfjötli]] is said to have been castrated by daughters of jötnar.{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=16}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Trøndelag]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Þrøndr}}, {{lang-ang|Þrōwend}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A district whose people mentioned in Old Norse sources and in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 64.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=205}} &lt;br /&gt;
| One scholar identified the people of &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; with the [[Treveri]] of the [[Moselle]] valley.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=205}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Tronu Strand&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Trǫnueyrr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The first element of &#039;&#039;Trǫnueyrr&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;crane&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=639}} while the second means &amp;quot;gravelly bank&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Cleasby|Vigfússon|1874|p=136}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A location where the hero of &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; has ships in his fleet.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=216}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Tronje&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Tronege}}&lt;br /&gt;
| No clear identification: proposals include a castle Troneck in [[Hunsrück]], Kirchberg in [[Alsace]], [[Troyes]], France, [[Tournai]] or [[Tongeren]], Belgium, or [[Trondheim]].{{sfn|Brinker-von der Heyde|1999|p=347}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Place of origin of Hagen/Högni&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; in German tradition. In the &#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039;, explained as deriving from Hagen&#039;s descent from the ancient [[Troy|Trojans]].{{sfn|Brinker-von der Heyde|1999|p=347}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Troy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|diu alte Troye}} or {{lang|gmh|Elsentroye}}&lt;br /&gt;
| An ancient city in modern Turkey. The Franks claimed Trojan descent.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=57}} In medieval German epic, &#039;&#039;Troye&#039;&#039; can also refer to [[Troia, Apulia]], hence the use of terms such as &amp;quot;old Troy&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=50}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The wild woman Else is the queen of Troy in &#039;&#039;Wolfdietrich&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=36}} and it is called &amp;quot;Elsentroye&amp;quot; in &#039;&#039;Dietrichs Flucht&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=37}} Hagen/Högni is also sometimes connected to Troy (see Tronje).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=57}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Tyrol]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Tirol}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Region in the Alps in modern Austria bordering Italy.&lt;br /&gt;
| Dietrich&#039;s adventures fighting supernatural beings are frequently set in Tyrol.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=31}} The dwarf kingdoms of Virginal and Laurin are also located there,{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=45, 88}} as is the mountain Jochgrim from which the giant Ecke is sent out.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=117}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Ulleråker Hundred|Ulleråker]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Ullarákr}}, {{lang-lat|Laneo Campo}} or {{lang-lat|Campus Laneus}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The legendary location &#039;&#039;Ullarakr&#039;&#039; was located near Uppsala, Sweden.{{sfn|Sundqvist|2002|p=96}}{{sfn|Boyer|Renaud|2012|p=235}} The name referred to a [[Hundred (county division)|hundred district]] named after the local [[thing (assembly)|thing]] (assembly location), which was some 100m south of the later [[Uppsala Cathedral]]. &#039;&#039;Uller&#039;&#039; is the genitive form of the theonym [[Ullr]] and &#039;&#039;åker&#039;&#039; means &amp;quot;field&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Wahlberg|2003|p=336}} Since &#039;&#039;ull&#039;&#039; can also mean &amp;quot;wool&amp;quot; it has been mistranslated as &#039;&#039;Laneo Campo&#039;&#039; &amp;quot;field of wool&amp;quot;,{{sfn|Andersson|2012|p=41}} see also [[Rory McTurk|McTurk]]&#039;s translation (1991).{{sfn|McTurk|1991|p=126}} In &#039;&#039;Gesta Danorum&#039;&#039;, Saxo appears to have moved &#039;&#039;Campus Laneus&#039;&#039; to western [[Scania]].{{sfn|Fisher|2015|p=638}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Mentioned in &#039;&#039;Heimskringla&#039;&#039; and in the Lodbrok lay &#039;&#039;Krákumál&#039;&#039;, and in the legendary sagas &#039;&#039;Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Varin&#039;s Fjord, Varin&#039;s Isle&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Varinsfjǫrðr}} and {{lang-non|Varinsey}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name &#039;&#039;Varin&#039;&#039; is a personal name based on the ethnonym [[Varini]],{{sfn|Peterson|2007|p=247}} but the location has been connected with [[Warnemünde]].{{sfn|Wessén|1927|p=79}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In a [[flyting]] with his opponent [[Sinfjötli]] accuses his opponent Gudmund of having been a witch on Varin&#039;s Isle and of having played the female part to him in sexual intercourse.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=219}} Varin&#039;s Fjord appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hundingsbana I&#039;&#039; as a location where the hero&#039;s fleet was moored.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=217}} It also appears in &#039;&#039;Helgakvíða Hjǫrvarðssonar&#039;&#039; as the place where the [[gýgr]] Hrimgerd wants to meet the hero.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|p=204}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Veleti]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Wilzen}}, {{lang-non|Wilcinaland}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A Slavic tribe living between the Elbe and Oder rivers whose name was extended to mean all [[Polabian Slavs]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=144}}&lt;br /&gt;
| References in the poet [[:de:Der Marner|Der Marner]] suggest that the Veleti featured in German heroic legend, but stories are only found in the &#039;&#039;Þiðdrekssaga&#039;&#039;, where Attila&#039;s wife Helche comes from the Veleti. The Veleti kill Ermanaric&#039;s son Frederich after Sibeche contrives to have him sent their to demand tribute.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=144}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|[[Vendel]], [[Vendsyssel]], [[Vandals]]&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Wendlas}}, {{lang|ang|Wenlas}}, {{lang-non|Vendill}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name &#039;&#039;Wendlas&#039;&#039; in &#039;&#039;Beowulf&#039;&#039; may refer to the [[Vandals]], the inhabitants of [[Vendel]] (see [[Vendel Period]]) near [[Uppsala]], in Sweden, or to [[Vendsyssel]] in northern [[Jutland]].{{Sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=472}} Neither is it always clear in ON sources, whether &#039;&#039;Vendil&#039;&#039; refers to Vendel or Vendsyssel, as in the case of the location of the death of the Swedish king [[Ohthere]], where it appears to have moved from Sweden to Denmark in Icelandic sources.{{sfn|Finlay|Faulkes|2016|p=31, note 80}}{{sfn|Jones|1969|p=38}}&lt;br /&gt;
|From PGmc &#039;&#039;*Wanđilaz&#039;&#039;, itself from PGmc *&#039;&#039;wanđaz&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;turned, twisted&amp;quot;) or from the PGmc root  *&#039;&#039;wanđ-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;water&amp;quot;), presumably because the tribe was originally located near the [[Limfjord]] (cf. {{Lang-goh|wentilsēo}}, &amp;quot;sea&amp;quot;),{{Sfn|de Vries|1962|pp=653–654}}{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=446}} but they were also linked to Vendel, in Sweden.{{Sfn|Rübekeil|2017|pp=997f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Vífilsborg&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang|non|Vífilsborg}}&lt;br /&gt;
| It is identified by Nikulás of Þverá  as [[Avenches]] in Switzerland, whose former German name was &amp;quot;Wuflisburg&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Waßenhoven|2008|pp=45-46}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A city raided by Ragnar&#039;s sons in the Holy Roman Empire.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Vinbjorg and Valbjorg&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Vinbjǫrg}} and {{lang-non|Valbjǫrg}}&lt;br /&gt;
|Locations that are given to Gudrun as compensation for the killing of her husband and son, in &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;,{{sfn|Finch|1965|p=64}} and &#039;&#039;Guðrúnarkvíða hin forna&#039;&#039;, but they are otherwise unknown.{{sfn|Jónsson|1932|p=293}}&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Vistula]] Woods&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wistlawudu}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The areas around the river Vistula where the formerly were Germanic-speaking populations, see &#039;&#039;Hreith-Goths&#039;&#039;, above.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=210}} &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Vlachs]] ([[Romanians]])&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Walâchen}}, {{lang-gmh|Vlâchen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A nomadic people in South East Europe, in MHG usage probably identical with the Romanians.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=134}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The Vlachs are among Attila&#039;s subject peoples in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039; and are described as riding like flying birds. Hornboge and some other heroes are associated with this people.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=134}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Völsungs&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wælsing[as]}}, {{lang-non|Vǫlsungar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| George Gillespie states that the name is probably based on PGmc &#039;&#039;*wala-&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;selected, beloved&amp;quot;), comparing Gothic &#039;&#039;walisa&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;beloved&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=139}} It could also derive from the equivalent of ON &#039;&#039;völsi&#039;&#039; (&amp;quot;phallus&amp;quot;), possibly as a name for Odin.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=295}} There are no clear historical origins for the clan, except that they were probably originally Frankish.{{sfn|Krause|2010|p=313}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In Norse Tradition, the clan of Sigmund and Sigurd. Sigmund is called a Wælsing in Beowulf.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=139}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Vosges]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Waskenwalt}} or {{lang|gmh|Waskenstein}}, {{lang-non|Vaskasteinn}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A low mountain range on the border between modern France and Germany. Waskenstein may mean &amp;quot;sharp rock&amp;quot; ({{lang-goh|(h)was}}, &amp;quot;sharp&amp;quot;).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=137}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The site of Siegfried&#039;s murder in most versions of the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, as well as of Walther of Aquitaine&#039;s battle against Gunther and Hagen in &#039;&#039;Waltharius&#039;&#039; and probably in the fragmentary &#039;&#039;Walther und Hildegund&#039;&#039; (Walter is called &amp;quot;von Wasgenstein&amp;quot; elsewhere and is being escorted through the &amp;quot;Waskenwalt&amp;quot; in the fragment).{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=119, 135, 137}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Walhaz|*Walhōz]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wealh}}, {{lang|ang|Walas}}, {{Lang-goh|Walaha}}, {{lang-non|Valir}} or {{lang|non|Vǫlir}}&lt;br /&gt;
| A PGmc term (singular &#039;&#039;Walhaz&#039;&#039;) designating the Romance or Celtic speakers. Probably borrowed from the Celtic [[Volcae]] tribe, and later applied to the Romanized Celts.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=135}}{{Sfn|Orel|2003|p=444}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039;, the word is used twice to mean &amp;quot;Romans&amp;quot; ({{lang|ang|Rumwalum}} and {{lang|ang|Wala ric}}) rather than the usual OE meaning of &amp;quot;Celts&amp;quot;; this matches Old High German and Old Norse usage in e.g. &amp;quot;The Battle of Goths and Huns&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Neidorf|2013b|pp=170-171}} In Middle High German, used for the Italians.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=134}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Warini]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wærne}}, {{lang|ang|Werne}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; lines 25 and 59, and the same people as the [[Warini|Varni]] of [[Procopius]] and probably the same as the [[Warini|Varini]] of [[Tacitus]], and possibly the [[Warini|Varinnae]] of [[Pliny the Elder]]. They may have lived in the 6th c. between the [[Elbe]] and the [[Saale]] rivers.{{sfn|Malone|1962|pp=207f}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Wicings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wīcingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; lines 47 and 59, and identified with the [[Heaðobards]] or the people of the [[Viken (region)|Viken region]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=209}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The identification has made two scholars identify the Oslo region as the original home of the Heaðobards.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=209}} &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Withmyrgings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wiþmyrgingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 118, and perhaps the same as the Ongendmyrgings. The element &#039;&#039;with&#039;&#039; points to them being located at the river Vid, near [[Schleswig]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=211}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Woings&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wōingas}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 30, and which is otherwise unknown. [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] suggests [[Veierland]] as it was known in Old Nose as &#039;&#039;Vár&#039;&#039; or &#039;&#039;Vóm&#039;&#039;.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=212}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Wolfdales and Wolf Lake&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-non|Ulfdalir}} and {{lang-non|Ulfsjar}}&lt;br /&gt;
| The names of the locations mean &amp;quot;Wolfdales&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Wolf Lake&amp;quot;.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=187f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|In &#039;&#039;Vǫlundarkvíða&#039;&#039;, the place where Wayland lived with his brothers, where they met the three Valkyries, and where he stayed waiting for his Hervor until Nidud captured him.{{sfn|Hollander|1928|pp=187f}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Worms, Germany|Worms]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Wormez}}, {{lang-non|Verniza}}, {{lang-la|Wormatia}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Worms, a city located on the [[Rhine]], founded by the Romans and captured by the Burgundians in 413.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=138}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Capital of the Burgundian kingdom in the Middle High German tradition. Although the city was part of the Burgundian kingdom on the Rhine, there is no evidence that it was their capital.{{sfn|Gentry|McConnell|Müller|Wunderlich|2011|p=138}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Wrosnan&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wrosnan}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 33, and identified by [[Kemp Malone|Malone]] as those of Vræsen, an island south-east of the Danish island [[Fyn]].{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=212}} &lt;br /&gt;
|The island Vræsen was depopulated during the Migration period and its inhabitants may have joined the Angles and the Saxons in their migration to England.{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=212}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Wulfings]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Wylfingas}}, {{lang-non|Ylfingar}}, {{lang-gmh|Wülfinge}}&lt;br /&gt;
| &amp;quot;People of the wolf.&amp;quot; In Scandinavian sources, a Geatish dynasty in [[Östergötland]],{{sfn|Nerman|1925|pp=237-241, 245}}  and it is possible that the Anglo-Saxon [[Wuffing]] dynasty is descended from this clan of what is today southern Sweden.{{sfn|Newton|1993|p=117}}{{sfn|Jones|1969|p=41}}  Possibly a Geatish dynastic name that was used by the Gothic Amals, or the name could be created from &amp;quot;wolf&amp;quot; independently in Middle High German epic.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=153}} They are by some authors considered a clan in northern Germany.{{sfn|Neidorf|2018a|p=847}}{{sfn|Newton|1993|p=117}}&lt;br /&gt;
| In Middle High German epic and the &#039;&#039;Þiðreks saga&#039;&#039;, used for the relatives of Hildebrand.{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=153}} In the &#039;&#039;Völsunga saga&#039;&#039;, Wulfings is an alternative name for the Völsungs, due to the absorption of the story of Helgi Hundingsbane into that of the Völsungs.{{sfn|Much|1919|p=160}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Ymbran&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-ang|Ymbran}}&lt;br /&gt;
|A people mentioned in &#039;&#039;Widsith&#039;&#039; line 32. Perhaps they were the [[Ambrones]] and the people of the island of [[Amrum]] (formerly &#039;&#039;Ambrum&#039;&#039;).{{sfn|Malone|1962|p=215}} &lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Yngling]]s&lt;br /&gt;
|{{lang-ang|Scylfing}}, {{lang-non|Skilfingr}} and {{lang-non|Ynglingr}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The name &#039;&#039;Ynglingr&#039;&#039; comes from [[Yngvi]], one of the names of the god [[Freyr]], the founder of the dynasty, and Sweden, in [[Norse mythology]]. The name Scylfing/Skilfingr is of uncertain meaning.{{sfn|Niles|2007|p=128}} Just like the names of the Danish rulers alliterated with their residence &#039;&#039;Heorot&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;Hleiðr&#039;&#039;, the Geatish rulers with &#039;&#039;Hreosnaburh&#039;&#039;, the Yngling rulers&#039; names alliterated with their residence [[Gamla Uppsala|Uppsala]].{{sfn|Klaeber|2008|p=Iviii, note 1}}&lt;br /&gt;
|The Norwegian [[Fairhair dynasty]] claimed to be descended from this dynasty.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Xanten]]&lt;br /&gt;
| {{lang-gmh|Santen}}&lt;br /&gt;
| Xanten in Westphalia.&lt;br /&gt;
| Siegfried is associated with the city of Xanten in the &#039;&#039;Nibelungenlied&#039;&#039;, but not elsewhere, possibly via association of his name (&amp;quot;victory-peace&amp;quot;) with saint [[Viktor of Xanten]].{{sfn|Gillespie|1973|p=118}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|20em}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Sources==&lt;br /&gt;
{{refbegin|40em}}&lt;br /&gt;
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* {{cite book |last1=Kurzjurin|first1=V.C.|last2=Jarošenko|first2=A.A.|year=2019 |chapter=The Viking Activities in the East and Their Role in The Foundation of The Kievan Rus |chapter-url=http://lib.brsu.by/sites/default/files/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5%20%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8%20%D0%B8%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%20%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%A4_2019.pdf#page=154 |editor-last=Maksimuk|editor-first=L.M.|editor-last2=Povch|editor-first2=I.V.|editor-last3=Predko|editor-first3=T.I.|editor-last4=Kalilec|editor-first4=L.M|editor-last5=Kovalenko|editor-first5=O.N.|editor-last6=Levonjuk|editor-first6=L.E.|editor-last7=Milač|editor-first7=S.V.|editor-last8=Poleva|editor-first8=I.A.|title=Foreign Languages and Contemporary World |publisher=Brest State University |pages=154–156}}&lt;br /&gt;
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*{{cite book|last=McTurk |first=Rory W. |chapter=Kings and Kingship in Viking Northumbria |title=  The Fantastic in Old Norse Icelandic Literature, Preprint Papers of the 13th International Saga Conference, Durham and York 6th-12th August 2006 |volume=2 |pages=681–688 |editor-last1=McKinnell |editor-first1=John S. |editor-last2=Ashurst |editor-first2=David |editor-last3=Kick |editor-first3=Donata |year=2006 |chapter-url=http://sagaconference.org/SC13/SC13_McTurk.pdf}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite journal|last=Much |first=Rudolf |author-link=Rudolf Much|title=Der germanische Osten in der Heldensage |year=1919 |volume=57 |pages=145–176 |url=https://www.digizeitschriften.de/download/PPN345204123_0057/PPN345204123_0057___log24.pdf}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Nedoma |first1=Robert |author-link1=Robert Nedoma|last2=Anton |first2=Hans H. |editor-last1=Beck |editor-first1=Heinrich |editor-last2=Geuenich |editor-first2=Dieter |editor-last3=Steuer |editor-first3=Heiko |title=Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde |volume=12 |chapter=Gibichungen |publisher=de Gruyter |location=New York/Berlin |pages=66–69|doi=10.1515/gao_RGA_19403 |doi-broken-date=2023-07-10}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite journal|last=Neidorf |first=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Neidorf |title=The Dating of Widsið and the Study of Germanic Antiquity |journal=Neophilologus |volume=97 |issue=1 |year=2013b |pages=165–183 |doi=10.1007/s11061-012-9308-2 |s2cid=163940868 |url=https://www.academia.edu/7494323}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite journal|last=Neidorf |first=Leonard |author-link=Leonard Neidorf |title=Beowulf as Pre-National Epic: Ethnocentrism in the Poem and its Criticism |journal=ELH|volume=85 |issue=4|year=2018a |pages=847–875 |doi=10.1353/elh.2018.0031 |s2cid=165792664 |url=https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.2018.0031}}&lt;br /&gt;
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*{{cite book |last=Nerman |first=Birger |title=Svenska rikets uppkomst |year=1925 |publisher=Generalstabens litografiska anstalt |location=Stockholm}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Newton|first=Sam|title=The Origins of Beowulf and the Pre-Viking Kingdom of East Anglia |publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1993 |isbn=9780859914727 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5a_WO4rcTBkC&amp;amp;dq=newton+wulfing+sweden&amp;amp;pg=PA116}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Niles |first=John |author-link=John Niles (scholar) |chapter=Anglo-Saxon Heroic Geography: How (on Earth) Can It be Mapped? |title=Old English Heroic Poems and the Social Life of Texts |publisher=Brepolis |year=2007 |pages=119–140 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/38567172}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Cite book|last=Orchard|first=Andy|author-link=Andy Orchard|title=A Critical Companion to Beowulf|year=2003|publisher=D. S. Brewer, Cambridge|isbn=0-85991-766-5}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Cite book|last=Orel|first=Vladimir E.|url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofgerman0000orel|title=A Handbook of Germanic Etymology|year=2003|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-12875-0|author-link=Vladimir Orel|url-access=registration}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Paff |first=William J. |title=The Geographical and Ethnic Names in the Þíðriks Saga: A Study in Germanic Heroic Legend |publisher=Mouton &amp;amp; co. |year=1959}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Peel|first=Christine |title=Guta Lag and Guta Saga, the Law and History of the Gotlanders|series=Medieval Nordic Laws |publisher=Routledge, London and New York |year=2015|isbn=978-1-138-80421-0}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last1=Peterson|first1=Lena |title=Nordiskt runnamnslexikon |url=https://www.isof.se/om-oss/arkiv-och-samlingar/nordiskt-runnamnslexikon.html |publisher=Institutet för språk och folkminnen |location=Uppsala}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Pritsak|first=Omeljan|author-link=Omeljan Pritsak |title=The origin of Rus&#039; |publisher=Harvard University Press |pages=188–225}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Pritsak|first=Omeljan|chapter=Hlǫðskviða|title=Medieval Scandinavia, and encyclopedia |editor-last1=Pulsiano|editor-first1=Phillip|editor-last2=Wolf|editor-first2=Kirsten|year=1993|pages=286–287 |publisher=Garland Publishing, inc. New York &amp;amp; London |isbn=9780824047870|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-XiZO8V4qUC&amp;amp;q=Kamjanske+Horody%C5%A1%C4%8De&amp;amp;pg=PA287}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Krause |first=Arnulf |author-link=Arnulf Krause |title=Reclams Lexikon der germanischen Mythologie und Heldensage |publisher=Reclam |year=2010 |isbn=978-3-15-010778-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last1=Peterson|first1=Lena |title=Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn|url=https://www.isof.se/om-oss/publikationer/institutets-publikationer/personnamn-och-ovriga-namn/2016-09-22-lexikon-over-urnordiska-personnamn.html |publisher=Institutet för språk och folkminnen |location=Uppsala}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Rahmqvist|first=Sigurd|chapter=Gamla Uppsala during the Middle Ages|title=Myth, Might, and Man. Ten essays on Gamla Uppsala |publisher=Riksantikvarieämbetets förlag |year=2000|pages=47–49|isbn=91-7209-190-8}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Reichert |first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann Reichert |chapter=Runeninschrift als Quellen der Heldensagenforschung |title=Runeninschriften als Quellen interdisziplinärer Forschung: Abhandlungen des Vierten Internationalen Symposiums über Runen und Runeninschriften in Göttingen vom 4-9 August 1995 |editor-last1=Düwel |editor-first1=Klaus |editor-last2=Nowak |editor-first2=Sean |year=1998 |isbn=3110154552 |pages=66–102}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite book |last1=Rübekeil |first1=Ludwig |author-link1=Ludwig Rübekeil |chapter=Scandinavia In The Light of Ancient Tradition |editor1-last=Bandle |editor1-first=Oskar |editor1-link=:de:Oskar Bandle |title=The Nordic Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RqkBXIJkkuEC |volume=1 |publisher=[[Walter de Gruyter]] |pages=593–604 |isbn=9783110148763}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Rübekeil |first=Ludwig |author-link=Ludwig Rübekeil|chapter=The dialectology of Germanic |title=Handbook of comparative and historical Indo-European linguistics. |editor-last1=Klein|editor-first1=Jared |editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first2=Brian |editor-last3=Fritz |editor-first3=Matthias|url=https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/148822/1/Ruebekeil_DialectologyofGermanic_2017.pdf|publisher=Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter|pages=986–1002}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann Schneider (philologist) |title=Germanische Heldensage, Bd. 2,2: Englische Heldensage - festländische Heldensage in nordgermanischer und englischer Überlieferung - verlorene Heldensage |publisher=de Gruyter |year=1934}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Hermann |author-link=Hermann Schneider (philologist) |title=Germanische Heldensage, Bd. 1: Deutsche Heldensage |edition=2 |year=1962 |publisher=de Gruyter}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite journal|last=Shippey|first=Tom|title=The Case of Beowulf |journal=Indo-European Studies |year=2008 |issue=26 |pages=223–239}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Shippey|first=Tom |chapter=Names in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon England |pages=58–78|title=The Dating of Beowulf, a Reassessment |year=2014|publisher=D. S. Brewer, Cambridge |editor-last1=Neidorf|editor-first1=Leonard|isbn=978-1-84384-387-0}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Simek |first=Rudolf |author-link=Rudolf Simek |title=Dictionary of Northern Mythology |translator-last1=Hall |translator-last2=Angela |publisher=D. S. Brewer |year=1993 |isbn=0-85991-369-4}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Skre|first=Dagfinn|chapter=Rulership and Ruler&#039;s Sites in 1st–10th-century Scandinavia|title=Ergänzungsbände zumReallexikon derGermanischen Altertumskunde |volume=114|publisher=Walter de Gruyter |year=2019|pages=193–243|doi=10.1515/9783110421101-003 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110421101-003|isbn=978-3-11-042579-6|s2cid=213950135}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Ståhl|first=Harry |title=Ortnamn och ortnamnsforskning |publisher=AWE/GEBERS |isbn=91-20-04466-6|page=130}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Staver|first=Ruth Johnston |title=A companion to Beowulf |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. |year=2005|isbn=0-313-33224-X}}&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite book |last1=Strid |first1=Jan Paul |author-link1=Jan Paul Strid |year=2011 |chapter=Retracing the Goths |editor1-last=Kaliff |editor1-first=Anders |editor1-link=Anders Kaliff |editor2-last=Munkhammar |editor2-first=Lars |title=Wulfila 311-2011 |url=http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:668706/FULLTEXT01.pdf |publisher=[[:sv:Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis|Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis]] |pages=41–54 |isbn=9789155486648 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305084737/http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:668706/FULLTEXT01.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2020}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Sundqvist|first=Olof |title=Freyr&#039;s offspring, Rulers and religion in ancient Svea society |publisher=Uppsala universitet |isbn=91-554-5263-9}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book | translator-first=Michael| translator-last=Swanton| title=Beowulf | year=1997 |publisher=Manchester University Press|location=Manchester and New York |isbn=9780719051463 |ref={{harvid|Swanton|1997}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book | translator-first=Christopher | translator-last=Tolkien| translator-link =Christopher Tolkien | title=The Saga of King Heidrek the Wise | year=1960 | url=http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/The%20Saga%20Of%20King%20Heidrek%20The%20Wise.pdf | ref={{harvid|Tolkien|1960}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Uecker|first=Heiko|author-link=Heiko Uecker|title=Germanische Heldensage |location=Stuttgart |publisher=Metzler |isbn=3476101061}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Cite book|last=de Vries|first=Jan|title=Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch|publisher=Brill|year=1962|isbn=978-90-04-05436-3|edition=1977|author-link=Jan de Vries (linguist)}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{Cite book|last=de Vries|first=Jan|title=Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch|publisher=Brill|year=1962|isbn=90-04-05436-7|edition=2000|author-link=Jan de Vries (linguist)| ref={{harvid|de Vries|2000}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book | translator-first=Ben| translator-last=Waggoner|title=The Sagas of Ragnar Lodbrok| year=1960|publisher=Troth Publications | ref={{harvid|Waggoner|2009}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last1=Wahlberg|first1=Mats|title=Svenskt ortnamnslexikon|publisher=Institutet för språk och folkminnen|location=Uppsala}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Waßenhoven |first=Dominik |chapter=&amp;quot;Dort ist die Mitte der Welt&amp;quot;. Ein isländischer Pilgerführer des 12. Jahrhunderts |title=Gestiftete Zukunft im mittelalterlichen Europa. Festschrift für Michael Borgolte zum 60. Geburtstag |year=2008 |editor-last1=Rexroth |editor-first1=Frank |editor-last2=Huschner |editor-first2=Wolfgang}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite journal|last=Wessén|first=Elias  |author-link=Elias Wessén|title=Eddadikterna om Helge Hundingsbane|url=http://kulturarvsdata.se/raa/fornvannen/html/1927_001 |journal=Fornvännen|year=1927}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book |last=Wessén |first=Elias|title=Ynglingsaga|editor-last1=Wessén |editor-first1=Elias|editor-last2=Helgason|editor-first2=Jón|editor-last3=Knudsen |editor-first3=Trygve|editor-last4=Skautrup|editor-first4=Peter |year=1952| publisher=Svenska bokförlaget Norstedts, Stockholm; Ejnar Munksgaard, København; Dreyers forlag, Oslo}}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite book|last=Wolfram|first=Herwig|author-link=Herwig Wolfram|chapter=Origo gentis: The Literature of German Origins |title=Early Germanic Literature and Culture|editor-last1=Murdoch|editor-first1=Brian|editor-last2=Read|editor-first2=Malcolm|editor-last3=Fritz|year=2004|publisher=Camden House|pages=39–54|isbn=157113199X}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{refend}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Uncategorized}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432872</id>
		<title>3rd IIFA Awards</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=3rd_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432872"/>
		<updated>2023-07-01T10:59:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;#039;{{Infobox film awards | number              = 3 | award               = IIFA Awards | award_link          = International Indian Film Academy | type...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox film awards&lt;br /&gt;
| number = 3&lt;br /&gt;
| award = IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| award_link = International Indian Film Academy&lt;br /&gt;
| type =&lt;br /&gt;
| image =&lt;br /&gt;
| image_size = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption = The official logo of the IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| date = {{Start date|2002|04|06|df=y}}&lt;br /&gt;
| site = [[Arena of Stars]], [[Genting Highlands]], [[Malaysia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| host = [[Lara Dutta]]&lt;br /&gt;
| producer =&lt;br /&gt;
| director =&lt;br /&gt;
| organizer =&lt;br /&gt;
| best_picture = &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction = &#039;&#039;[[Ashutosh Gowariker]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction_film = &#039;&#039;(Lagaan)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor = &#039;&#039;[[Aamir Khan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor_film = &#039;&#039;(Lagaan)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress = &#039;&#039;[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress_film = &#039;&#039;([[Chandni Bar]])&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| most_wins = &#039;&#039;Lagaan&#039;&#039; (10)&lt;br /&gt;
| most_nominations =&lt;br /&gt;
| channel =&lt;br /&gt;
| network =&lt;br /&gt;
| duration =&lt;br /&gt;
| ratings =&lt;br /&gt;
| last = [[2nd IIFA Awards|2nd]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next = [[4th IIFA Awards|4th]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;2002 IIFA Awards&#039;&#039;&#039;, officially known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;3rd [[International Indian Film Academy|International Indian Film Academy Awards]] &#039;&#039;&#039; ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honored the [[Bollywood films of 2000|best films of 2001]] and took place on 6 April 2002.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The official ceremony took place on 6 April 2002, at the [[Genting Highlands]], in [[Arena of Stars]]. During the ceremony, [[IIFA Awards]] were awarded in 29 competitive categories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The IIFA Weekend started with a Press Meet. Attended by the stars, the event received extensive coverage from world media. The same evening saw the music launch of &#039;&#039;[[Kaante]]&#039;&#039;. The IIFA Karaoke Party gave film stars and high-profile guests a chance to let their hair down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
IIFA hosted the World Premiere of the film [[Aankhen (2002 film)|&#039;&#039;Aankhen&#039;&#039;]] at the Genting International Showroom. Malaysia witnessed the first ever IIFA Forum. The focus was on the emerging perspectives of Indian Cinema, the exchange of technology and talent. The speakers included [[Ashutosh Gowarikar]], [[Karan Johar]], [[Farhan Akhtar]] and [[Madhur Bhandarkar]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039; led the ceremony with 10 wins including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (for [[Ashutosh Gowariker]]) and [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (for [[Aamir Khan]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aamir Khan received dual nominations for Best Actor for his performances in &#039;&#039;Dil Chahta Hai&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Lagaan&#039;&#039;, winning for the latter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Winners and nominees==&lt;br /&gt;
Winners are listed first and highlighted in &#039;&#039;&#039;boldface.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Popular awards===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2002/|title=IIFA Through the Years|access-date=17 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810052007/http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2002/|archive-date=10 August 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-T4hAAAAIBAJ&amp;amp;q=Kajol&amp;amp;pg=PA27 |title=Battle of the megahits |last=Waheed |first=Sajahan |date=6 April 2002 |work=[[New Straits Times]] |publisher=[[New Straits Times Press]] |access-date=28 December 2020 |page=27 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{multiple image&lt;br /&gt;
|align=right&lt;br /&gt;
|direction=vertical&lt;br /&gt;
|width=150&lt;br /&gt;
|image1=&lt;br /&gt;
|caption1=Lagaan (&#039;&#039;Best Movie&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image2=Ashutosh Gowariker at the launch of T P Aggarwal&#039;s trade magazine &#039;Blockbuster&#039; 15.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption2=Ashutosh Gowariker (&#039;&#039;Best Director&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image3=Aamir Khan 2013.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption3=Aamir Khan (&#039;&#039;Best Actor&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image4=Tabu still8.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption4=Tabu(&#039;&#039;Best Actress&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image5=Saif Ali Khan snapped at Imperial Hotel, New Delhi 05.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption5=Saif Ali Khan(&#039;&#039;Best Supporting Actor&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image6=Jaya Bachchan48.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption6=Jaya Bachchan (&#039;&#039;Best Supporting Actress&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Chandni Bar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ashutosh Gowariker]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Anil Sharma (director)|Anil Sharma]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Farhan Akhtar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Karan Johar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Chandni Bar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Performance In A Leading Role Male]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Performance In A Leading Role Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Aamir Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039; as Bhuvan&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Aamir Khan&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039; as Akash Malhotra&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Amitabh Bachchan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]&#039;&#039; as Inspector Manu Verma&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Shah Rukh Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039; as Rahul Raichand&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Sunny Deol]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039; as Tara Singh&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Chandni Bar]]&#039;&#039; as Mumtaz Ali Ansari &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Ameesha Patel]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039; as Sakina&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Gracy Singh]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039; as Gauri&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Kajol]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039; as Anjali Sharma&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Preity Zinta]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039; as Shalini&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Male]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Saif Ali Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039; as Sameer&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Amitabh Bachchan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039; as Yashvardhan Raichand&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Akshaye Khanna]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Dil Chahta Hai&#039;&#039; as Siddharth Sinha&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Hrithik Roshan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039; as Rohan Raichand&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Kulbhushan Kharbanda]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039; as Raja Puran Singh&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jaya Bachchan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039; as Nandini Raichand&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Bipasha Basu]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]&#039;&#039; as Neeta (Fake Sonia)&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Kareena Kapoor]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039; as Pooja Sharma a.k.a. Poo&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Madhuri Dixit]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lajja (film)|Lajja]]&#039;&#039; as Janki&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Rekha]] &amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Lajja&#039;&#039; as Ramdulaari&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance In A Comic Role]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance In A Negative Role]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Govinda (actor)|Govinda]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Jodi No. 1]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Johnny Lever]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Johnny Lever&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Rajesh Vivek]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Vivek Shaq&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Akshay Kumar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Amrish Puri]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Manoj Bajpayee]] &amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Paul Blackthorne]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Suhas Palshikar (actor)|Suhas Palshikar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Chandni Bar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Male Debutant Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Female Debutant Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Arjun Rampal]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Bipasha Basu]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Ajnabee (2001 film)|Ajnabee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gracy Singh]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Musical awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[A. R. Rahman]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** A. R. Rahman&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Zubeidaa]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Aadesh Shrivastava]], [[Jatin–Lalit]], [[Sandesh Shandilya]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Uttam Singh]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;Radha Kaise Na Jale&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Javed Akhtar]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Sameer (lyricist)|Sameer]]&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;[[Suraj Hua Madham]]&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– Anil Pandey&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;So Gaya Hai&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;[[Zubeidaa]]&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– Javed Akhtar&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;Jaane Kyun&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– Javed Akhtar&lt;br /&gt;
** &amp;quot;Ud Jaa Kale Kawa&amp;quot; from &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Anand Bakshi]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sonu Nigam]] for &amp;quot;Suraj Hua Maddham&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Sonu Nigam for &amp;quot;You Are My Soniya&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Srinivas (singer)|Srinivas]] for &amp;quot;Kaisi Hai Yeh Rut&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Udit Narayan]] for &amp;quot;Bole Chudiyan&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Udit Narayan for &amp;quot;Mitwa&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;- &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Udit Narayan for &amp;quot;Udja Kale Kawan – Folk&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;- &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Asha Bhosle]] for &amp;quot;Radha Kaisa Na Jale&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Alka Yagnik]] for &amp;quot;Jaane Kyun&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Alka Yagnik for &amp;quot;Bole Chudiyan&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** Alka Yagnik for &amp;quot;Suraj Hua Maddham&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Lata Mangeshkar]] for &amp;quot;So Gaye Hain&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Zubeidaa]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|Best Song Recording&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background score]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Vijay Benegal&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Babloo Chakravarthy&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Backstage awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Shaktimaan Talwar for &#039;&#039;[[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&#039;&#039; and [[Karan Johar]] for &#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Farhan Akhtar]] for &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;centre&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ashutosh Gowariker]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Farhan Akhtar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Dil Chahta Hai]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Karan Johar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Madhur Bhandarkar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Chandni Bar]]&lt;br /&gt;
** Shaktimaan Talwar&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Technical awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematographer]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Santosh Sivan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Aśoka (film)|Asoka]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Farah Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Dil Chahta Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Manish Malhotra]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Ballu Saluja&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Mickey Contractor&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Anuj Mathur&#039;&#039; &amp;amp; &#039;&#039;Nakul Kamte&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re-Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;H. Sridhar&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Paul Sims &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Action|Best Action]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...]] &amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Sharmista Roy&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Gadar Ek Prem Katha|Gadar: Ek Prem Katha]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Tinu Verma &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Special awards===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sadhana Shivdasani|Sadhana]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Contribution In Indian Cinema====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Yash Chopra]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Achievement in International Cinema====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mira Nair]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Electrolux Kelvinator Personality of The Year====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amitabh Bachchan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Sony Faces Of The Year====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Arjun Rampal]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bipasha Basu]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Gracy Singh]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{IIFA Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:2004 Iifa Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2004 Indian film awards|Iifa Awards]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432873</id>
		<title>4th IIFA Awards</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=4th_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432873"/>
		<updated>2023-06-26T05:52:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox film awards&lt;br /&gt;
| number = 4&lt;br /&gt;
| award = IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| award_link = International Indian Film Academy&lt;br /&gt;
| type = &lt;br /&gt;
| image = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption = The official logo of the IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| date = {{Start date|2003|05|17|df=y}}&lt;br /&gt;
| site = [[Coca-Cola Dome]], [[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| host = [[Anil Kapoor]] and [[Dia Mirza]]&lt;br /&gt;
| producer = &lt;br /&gt;
| director = &lt;br /&gt;
| best_picture = &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction = &#039;&#039;[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction_film = &#039;&#039;(Devdas)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor = &#039;&#039;[[Shah Rukh Khan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor_film = &#039;&#039;(Devdas)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress = &#039;&#039;[[Aishwarya Rai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress_film = &#039;&#039;(Devdas)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| most_wins = &#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039; (16)&lt;br /&gt;
| most_nominations = &#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039; (18)&lt;br /&gt;
| channel = &lt;br /&gt;
| network = &lt;br /&gt;
| duration = &lt;br /&gt;
| ratings = &lt;br /&gt;
| last = [[3rd IIFA Awards|3rd]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next = [[5th IIFA Awards|5th]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;2003 IIFA Awards&#039;&#039;&#039;, officially known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;4th [[International Indian Film Academy|International Indian Film Academy Awards]] &#039;&#039;&#039; ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the [[Bollywood films of 2002|best films of 2002]] and took place on 17 May 2003.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The official ceremony took place on 6 April 2002, at the [[Coca-Cola Dome]], in [[Johannesburg]]. During the ceremony, [[IIFA Awards]] were awarded in 29 competitive categories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|&#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039;]] led the ceremony with 18 nominations, and won a leading 16 awards including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (for [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]]), [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (for [[Shah Rukh Khan]]), [[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]] (for [[Aishwarya Rai Bachchan|Aishwarya Rai]]) and [[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]] (for [[Kirron Kher]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ajay Devgn|Ajay Devgan]] received dual nominations for Best Actor for his performances in [[Company (2002 film)|&#039;&#039;Company&#039;&#039;]] and &#039;&#039;[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]&#039;&#039;, but lost to Shah Rukh Khan won the award for &#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Winners and nominees==&lt;br /&gt;
Winners are listed first and highlighted in &#039;&#039;&#039;boldface.&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Popular awards===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000361/2003/1/|title=Awards of the International Indian Film Academy (2003)|website=IMDb|access-date=2019-06-12}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/|title=IIFA Through the Years|access-date=20 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208124732/http://iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2003/|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.indiafm.com:80/scoop/03/may/1605iifa/index.shtml |title=Stars Descend on Johannesburg |date=May 2003 |website=Bollywood Hungama |last=Adarsh |first=Taran |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030609212619/http://www.indiafm.com/scoop/03/may/1605iifa/index.shtml |archive-date=9 June 2003 |access-date=16 March 2021 |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{multiple image&lt;br /&gt;
|align=right&lt;br /&gt;
|direction=vertical&lt;br /&gt;
|width=150&lt;br /&gt;
|image1=&lt;br /&gt;
|caption1=Sanjay Leela Bhansali (&#039;&#039;Best Director&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image2=Shahrukh Khan CE.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption2=Shahrukh Khan (&#039;&#039;Best Actor&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image3=AishwaryaRai.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption3=Aishwarya Rai (&#039;&#039;Best Actress&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image4=Mohanlal BNC.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption4=Mohanlal (&#039;&#039;Best Supporting Actor&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
|image5=Kiron kher colors indian telly awards.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|caption5=Kirron Kher (&#039;&#039;Best Supporting Actress&#039;&#039;)&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Movie|Best Picture]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sanjay Leela Bhansali ]]– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Performance In A Leading Role Male]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Performance In A Leading Role Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shah Rukh Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039; as Devdas Mukherjee&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Ajay Devgan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]&#039;&#039; as Malik &lt;br /&gt;
** Ajay Devgan&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]&#039;&#039; as Bhagat Singh&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Amitabh Bachchan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kaante]]&#039;&#039; as Yashvardhan Rampal &#039;Major&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Akshaye Khanna]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Deewangee]]&#039;&#039; as Raj Goyal&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Aishwarya Rai]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039; as Parvati &amp;quot;Paro&amp;quot; Chakraborty&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Ameesha Patel]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Humraaz]]&#039;&#039; as Priya&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Karisma Kapoor]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Shakti: The Power]]&#039;&#039; as Nandini&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Madhuri Dixit]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039; as Chandramukhi&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Rani Mukerji]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]&#039;&#039; as Suhani Sharma&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Male]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Performance In A Supporting Role Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mohanlal]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]&#039;&#039; as Srinivasan&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Ashutosh Rana]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]&#039;&#039; as Agni Swaroop&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Dilip Prabhavalkar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Encounter: The Killing]]&#039;&#039; as Ponappa Awadhe&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Jackie Shroff]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039; as Chunnilal&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Sushant Singh]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[The Legend of Bhagat Singh]]&#039;&#039; as Sukhdev&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kirron Kher]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039; as Sumitra Chakraborty&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Kareena Kapoor]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Mujhse Dosti Karoge]]&#039;&#039; as Tina&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance In A Comic Role]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance In A Negative Role]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mahesh Manjrekar]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Kaante]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Akshaye Khanna]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Humraaz]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Male Debutant Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Female Debutant Star]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Jism (2003 film)|Jism]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Esha Deol]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Koi Mere Dil Se Poochhe]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Musical awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyrics]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[A. R. Rahman]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Saathiya (film)|&#039;&#039;Saathiya&#039;&#039;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;[[Dola Re Dola]]&amp;quot; from [[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|&#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039;]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– Nusrat Badr&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback|Best Male Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback|Best Female Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sonu Nigam]] for &amp;quot;Saathiya&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Saathiya (film)|&#039;&#039;Saathiya&#039;&#039;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shreya Ghoshal]] and [[Kavita Krishnamurthy]] for &amp;quot;[[Dola Re Dola]]&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|&#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|Best Song Recording&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background score]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|&#039;&#039;Devdas&#039;&#039;]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– Bishwadeep Chatterjee, Daman Sood, [[Tanay Gajjar]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Saathiya (film)|&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;Saathiya&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[A. R. Rahman]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Backstage awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Prakash Kapadia for &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039; &#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Mahesh Bhatt]] for &#039;&#039;[[Raaz (2002 film)|Raaz]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;centre&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jaideep Sahni]]&amp;amp;nbsp;for &#039;&#039;[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Technical awards===&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=wikitable style=&amp;quot;width=150%&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Binod Pradhan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Saroj Khan]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Neeta Lulla]], &#039;&#039;Abu Jani&#039;&#039;, [[Sandeep Khosla]], &#039;&#039;Reza Shariffi&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Chandan Arora]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Arun Pillai&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Jitendra Chaudhary&#039;&#039;, [[Vikramaditya Motwane]], &#039;&#039;Kunal Sharma&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re-Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Leslie Fernandes&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kaante]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– &#039;&#039;Prime Focus&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#FFC1CC;&amp;quot; ! style=&amp;quot;width=50%&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Action|Best Action]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)|Devdas]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Company (2002 film)|Company]]&amp;amp;nbsp;– [[Allan Amin]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Special awards===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Contribution to Indian Cinema====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Kalyanji Virji Shah]], [[Anandji Virji Shah]] and [[Dev Anand]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Achievement in International Cinema====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Aparna Sen]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Outstanding Achievement by an Indian in South Africa====&lt;br /&gt;
* Ajay Gupta – MD, Sahara Computers, SA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Samsung Style Diva of the Year====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Rekha]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Samsung Style Icon of the Year====&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fardeen Khan]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Fresh Faces Of The Year====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Abraham (actor)|John Abraham]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Esha Deol]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{IIFA Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:2004 Iifa Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2004 Indian film awards|Iifa Awards]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432871</id>
		<title>2nd IIFA Awards</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=2nd_IIFA_Awards&amp;diff=432871"/>
		<updated>2023-06-26T05:49:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox film awards&lt;br /&gt;
| number = 2&lt;br /&gt;
| award = IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| award_link = International Indian Film Academy&lt;br /&gt;
| type = &lt;br /&gt;
| image = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption = The official logo of the IIFA Awards&lt;br /&gt;
| date = {{Start date|2001|06|16|df=y}}&lt;br /&gt;
| site = Super Bowl Arena, [[Sun City, North West|Sun City]], [[South Africa]]&lt;br /&gt;
| host = [[Priyanka Chopra]] and [[Kabir Bedi]]&lt;br /&gt;
| producer = &lt;br /&gt;
| director = &lt;br /&gt;
| organizer = &lt;br /&gt;
| best_picture = &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction = [[Rakesh Roshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| best_direction_film = &#039;&#039;(Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor = [[Hrithik Roshan]]&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actor_film = &#039;&#039;(Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai)&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress = [[Karisma Kapoor]]&lt;br /&gt;
| best_actress_film = &#039;&#039;([[Fiza]])&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| most_wins = &#039;&#039;Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai&#039;&#039; (10)&lt;br /&gt;
| most_nominations = &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039; (12)&lt;br /&gt;
| channel = [[Sony Entertainment Television]]&lt;br /&gt;
| network = [[Sony Pictures Networks India]]&lt;br /&gt;
| duration = &lt;br /&gt;
| ratings = &lt;br /&gt;
| last = [[1st IIFA Awards|1st]]&lt;br /&gt;
| next = [[3rd IIFA Awards|3rd]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The &#039;&#039;&#039;2001 IIFA Awards&#039;&#039;&#039;, officially known as the &#039;&#039;&#039;2nd [[International Indian Film Academy|International Indian Film Academy Awards]] &#039;&#039;&#039; ceremony, presented by the International Indian Film Academy honoured the [[Bollywood films of 2000|best films of 2000]] and took place between June 16, 2001. This year, the city of Sun City played host to the Indian Film Industry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The official ceremony took place on June 16, 2001, at the [[Sun City, North West|Sun City]], in Super Bowl Arena Sun City . During the ceremony, [[IIFA Awards]] were awarded in 27 competitive categories. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reflective of its guiding philosophy, the venue for IIFA 2001 was the splendorous Sun City in South Africa. The hype gained intensity, as performers descended on Sun City. The Indian stars were welcomed by thousands of fans and traditional African dancers. Film enthusiasts swarmed the Sun City. The first ever IIFA World Premiere was held. The film – &#039;&#039;[[Lagaan]]&#039;&#039;, which went on to win a nomination at the Oscars for the Best Foreign Language Film. An exclusive session with the media at a special Press Meet post show discussed the increasing awareness about Indian Cinema on a global platform. Sun City outshone the sun itself on show day. The venue sparkled as the red carpet awaited its brightest stars. The crowd stirred as limousines rolled in. And the television cameras zoomed in. The hosts for the evening, Miss World [[Priyanka Chopra]] and the dashing [[Kabir Bedi]], welcomed the guests. The dances from African Footprint set the rhythm of excitement for the night.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;[[Gully Boy|Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Gully Boy|Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039; led the ceremony with 12 nominations each, followed by &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;,  &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039; with 7 nominations each.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai&#039;&#039; won 10 awards, including [[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]], [[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]] (for [[Rakesh Roshan]]) and [[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]] (for [[Hrithik Roshan]]), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Awards ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Rakesh Roshan.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Rakesh Roshan]] — Best Director winner for &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hrithik.jpg|alt=|thumb|150px|[[Hrithik Roshan]] — Best Actor winner for &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:KarismaKapoor14.jpg|alt=|thumb|150px|[[Karisma Kapoor]] — Best Actress winner for &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Bachchan Amitabh.jpg|alt=|thumb|150px|[[Amitabh Bachchan]] — Best Supporting Actor winner for &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Jaya B Big B’s birthday.jpg|alt=|thumb|150px|[[Jaya Bachchan]] — Best Supporting Actress winner for &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The winners and nominees have been listed below. Winners are listed first, highlighted in &#039;&#039;&#039;boldface&#039;&#039;&#039;, and indicated with a double dagger ({{double-dagger}}).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://server1.msn.co.in/iifa/nominee/index.html |title=2nd IIFA Awards 2001 Nominations |work=[[MSN]] |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010826062906/http://server1.msn.co.in/iifa/nominee/index.html |archive-date=26 August 2001 |agency=[[Microsoft]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://server1.msn.co.in/iifa/winners/index.html |title=2nd IIFA Awards 2001 Winners |work=[[MSN]] |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010826065613/http://server1.msn.co.in/iifa/winners/index.html |archive-date=26 August 2001 |agency=[[Microsoft]]}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2001/ |title=IIFA Through the Years – IIFA 2001: South Africa |website=International Indian Film Academy Awards |access-date=3 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131700/http://www.iifa.com/iifa-years/iifa-years-2001/ |archive-date=25 September 2015 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Popular Awards ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Film|Best Film]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Director|Best Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rakesh Roshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Aditya Chopra]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Dharmesh Darshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Mansoor Khan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Vidhu Vinod Chopra]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Actress|Best Actress]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hrithik Roshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Akshay Kumar]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Anil Kapoor]] – &#039;&#039;[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sanjay Dutt]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Shah Rukh Khan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Karisma Kapoor]] – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Madhuri Dixit]] – &#039;&#039;[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Preity Zinta]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Shilpa Shetty]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]] – &#039;&#039;[[Astitva]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor|Best Supporting Actor]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress|Best Supporting Actress]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Amitabh Bachchan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Anupam Kher]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Chandrachur Singh]] – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Paresh Rawal]] – &#039;&#039;[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Suniel Shetty]] – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Jaya Bachchan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Mahima Chaudhry]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Namrata Shirodkar]] – &#039;&#039;[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sonali Bendre]] – &#039;&#039;[[Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sonali Kulkarni]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role|Best Performance in a Negative Role]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role|Best Performance in a Comic Role Male / Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Sushant Singh]] – &#039;&#039;[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Jackie Shroff]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Manoj Bajpayee]] – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sharad Kapoor]] – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Suniel Shetty]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Paresh Rawal]] – &#039;&#039;[[Hera Pheri (2000 film)|Hera Pheri]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Anupam Kher]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Archana Puran Singh]] – &#039;&#039;Mohabbatein&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Johnny Lever]] – &#039;&#039;[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Kader Khan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dulhan Hum Le Jayenge]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Male|Star Debut of the Year – Male]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Star Debut of the Year – Female|Star Debut of the Year – Female]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Abhishek Bachchan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hrithik Roshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rahul Dev]] – &#039;&#039;[[Champion (2000 film)|Champion]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Uday Chopra]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kareena Kapoor]] – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Kim Sharma]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Preeti Jhangiani]] – &#039;&#039;Mohabbatein&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shamita Shetty]] – &#039;&#039;Mohabbatein&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;| [[IIFA Award for Best Music Director|Best Music Director]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;| [[IIFA Award for Best Lyricist|Best Lyricist]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Rajesh Roshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[A. R. Rahman]], [[Anu Malik]], [[Ranjit Barot]] – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**Anu Malik – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Nadeem–Shravan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Javed Akhtar]] – &amp;quot;[[Panchi Nadiya Pawan Ke]]&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Gulzar]] – &amp;quot;Tu Fiza Hai&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Ibrahim Ashk]] – &amp;quot;Na Tum Jano Na Hum&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sameer Anjaan]] – &amp;quot;Dil Ne Yeh Kaha Hain Dil Se&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**Sameer Anjaan – &amp;quot;Tum Dil Ki Dhadkan Mein&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;Dhadkan&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;| [[IIFA Award for Best Male Playback Singer|Best Male Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;| [[IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer|Best Female Playback Singer]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Lucky Ali]] – &amp;quot;Ek Pal Ka Jeena&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Abhijeet Bhattacharya]] – &amp;quot;Tum Dil Ki Dhadkan Mein&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sonu Nigam]] – &amp;quot;[[Panchi Nadiya Pawan Ke]]&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Udit Narayan]] – &amp;quot;Aaja Mahiya&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**Udit Narayan – &amp;quot;Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Alka Yagnik]] – &amp;quot;Kaho Naa Pyaar Hai&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**Alka Yagnik – &amp;quot;Dil Ne Yeh Kaha Hain Dil Se&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Kavita Krishnamurti|Kavita Krishnamurthy]] – &amp;quot;Aey Dil Laya Hai Bahar&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Preeti &amp;amp; Pinky]] – &amp;quot;Piya Piya&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Sunidhi Chauhan]] – &amp;quot;Mehboob Mere&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Technical Awards ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Story|Best Story]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Screenplay|Best Screenplay]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Aditya Chopra]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Dharmesh Darshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Honey Irani]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Mansoor Khan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Rakesh Roshan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Honey Irani]] – &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Dialogue|Best Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Cinematography|Best Cinematography]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[O. P. Dutta]] – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Binod Pradhan]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Editing|Best Editing]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82; text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Art Direction|Best Art Direction]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Sanjay Verma – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Nitin Chandrakant Desai]] – &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Background Score|Best Background Score]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82; text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Choreography|Best Choreography]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Aadesh Shrivastava]] – &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Farah Khan]] – &amp;quot;Ek Pal Ka Jeena&amp;quot; – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Costume Design|Best Costume Design]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82; text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Makeup|Best Makeup]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Karan Johar]], [[Manish Malhotra]] – &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Jayanti Shevale – &#039;&#039;[[Hum Saath-Saath Hain]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Recording|Best Sound Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82; text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Sound Re-Recording|Best Sound Re-Recording]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Sona Choudhary – &#039;&#039;[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Hitendra Ghosh – &#039;&#039;[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#EEDD82;text-align:center;&amp;quot;|[[IIFA Award for Best Special Effects|Best Special Effects]]&lt;br /&gt;
! ! style=&amp;quot;background:#eedd82; text-align:center;&amp;quot;|Best Song Recording&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Raj Taru (Video Sonic Ltd) – &#039;&#039;[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
| valign=&amp;quot;top&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Satish Gupta – &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;{{double dagger}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Special Awards ===&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| Invaluable Contribution To Indian Cinema&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Shammi Kapoor]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Waheeda Rehman]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| Outstanding Achievement In International Cinema&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Ismail Merchant]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| [[Kelvinator]] Personality of the Year&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;[[Hrithik Roshan]]&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Superlatives ==&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;display:inline-table;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Multiple nominations&lt;br /&gt;
! Nominations !! Film&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 12&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Dhadkan (2000 film)|Dhadkan]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot;| 7&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Mission Kashmir]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 6&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Josh (2000 film)|Josh]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Kya Kehna]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 3&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Pukar (2000 film)|Pukar]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;| 2&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;display:inline-table;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Multiple wins&lt;br /&gt;
! Awards !! Film&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 9&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 7&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Mohabbatein]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 5&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Refugee (2000 film)|Refugee]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 3&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Jungle (2000 film)|Jungle]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! 2&lt;br /&gt;
| &#039;&#039;[[Fiza]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000361/2001/1/ The International Indian Film Academy Awards (2001)] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{IIFA Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:2001 Iifa Awards}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International Indian Film Academy Awards|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2001 Indian film awards|Iifa Awards]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%E2%80%93Iran_relations&amp;diff=388028</id>
		<title>India–Iran relations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=India%E2%80%93Iran_relations&amp;diff=388028"/>
		<updated>2022-12-10T00:58:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Page generated.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Oxford spelling}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox bilateral relations|India–Iran|Iran|India|filetype=svg&lt;br /&gt;
|mission1= Embassy of Iran, New Delhi&lt;br /&gt;
|mission2= Embassy of India, [[Tehran]]&lt;br /&gt;
|envoytitle1= [[List of ambassadors of Iran to India|Iranian Ambassador to India]] &lt;br /&gt;
|envoy1= [[Ali Chegeni]]&lt;br /&gt;
|envoytitle2= [[List of ambassadors of India to Iran|Indian Ambassador to Iran]] &lt;br /&gt;
|envoy2=[[Gaddam Dharmendra]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of Iran Hassan Rouhani.jpg|260px|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] seated with Iranian President [[Hassan Rouhani]], 2016]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;India–Iran relations&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{Lang-hi|भारत-ईरान संबंध}}; {{Lang-fa|روابط هند و ایران}}) are the bilateral relationship between the [[India|Republic of India]] and the [[Iran|Islamic Republic of Iran]]. Independent India and Iran established diplomatic relations on 15 March 1950, however ties between both ancient Persia and ancient India date back millennia. During much of the [[Cold War]], relations between India and the erstwhile [[Pahlavi Iran|Imperial State of Iran]] suffered due to their differing political interests: India endorsed a [[Non-Aligned Movement|non-aligned]] position but fostered strong links with the [[Soviet Union]], while Iran was an open member of the [[Western Bloc]] and enjoyed close ties with the United States.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
  |last = Nanda&lt;br /&gt;
  |first = Prakash&lt;br /&gt;
  |title = Rising India: Friends and Foes&lt;br /&gt;
  |year = 2007&lt;br /&gt;
 |publisher = Lancer Publishers, 2008&lt;br /&gt;
  |isbn = 9780979617416}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; While India did not welcome the [[Iranian Revolution|1979 Islamic Revolution]], relations between the two states strengthened momentarily in its aftermath. However, Iran&#039;s continued support for [[Pakistan]] in the [[Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts|India–Pakistan conflict]] and India&#039;s close relations with [[Ba&#039;athist Iraq|Iraq]] during the [[Iran–Iraq War]] greatly strained bilateral ties.&amp;lt;ref name=Hunter&amp;gt;{{cite book&lt;br /&gt;
  |last = Hunter&lt;br /&gt;
  |first = Shireen&lt;br /&gt;
  |title = Iran&#039;s foreign policy in the post-Soviet era: resisting the new international order&lt;br /&gt;
  |year = 2010&lt;br /&gt;
 |publisher = ABC-CLIO, 2010&lt;br /&gt;
  |isbn = 9780313381942}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In the 1990s, both India and Iran supported the [[Northern Alliance]] against the [[Taliban]] in [[Afghanistan conflict (1978–present)|Afghanistan]], the latter of which received overt Pakistani backing and [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|ruled most of the country]] until the [[United States invasion of Afghanistan|2001 United States-led invasion]]. They continued to collaborate in supporting the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan|broad-based anti-Taliban government]], led by [[Ashraf Ghani]] and backed by the international community, until the [[Fall of Kabul (2021)|Taliban captured Kabul in 2021]] and re-established the [[Afghanistan|Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan]]. India and Iran signed a defence cooperation agreement in December 2002.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;auto&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite journal|last=Zeb|first=Rizwan|title=The emerging Indo-Iranian strategic alliance and Pakistan|journal=CACI Analyst|url=http://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/7799-analytical-articles-caci-analyst-2003-2-12-art-7799.html|access-date=21 August 2013}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From an economic perspective, Iran is the second-largest supplier of [[Petroleum|crude oil]] to India, supplying more than 425,000 barrels per day; consequently, India is one of the largest foreign investors in [[Petroleum industry in Iran|Iran&#039;s oil and gas industry]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;TT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=196222|title=Iran&#039;s major oil customers, energy partners|website=tehrantimes.com|access-date=13 July 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2011, the [[United States dollar|US$]]12&amp;amp;nbsp;billion-worth annual oil trade between India and Iran was halted due to [[Sanctions against Iran|extensive economic sanctions against Iran]], forcing the [[Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas|Indian oil ministry]] to pay off debt through a banking system via [[Turkey]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203513204576046893652486616|title=India Joins U.S. Effort to Stifle Iran Trade|access-date=1 January 2011|publisher=Wall Street Journal magazine|first1=Jay|last1=Solomon|first2=Subhadip|last2=Sircar}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hQbys47ss-vDEVrM78fS8Vu5VQ1g?docId=CNG.baf6915241b5315c221d1e92332ab1a6.11|title=India paid $5 bn Iran oil debt in full: central bank, AFP, 4 September 2011|website=google.com|access-date=13 July 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From a geopolitical perspective, despite the two countries having some common strategic interests, India and Iran differ significantly on key foreign policy issues. India has [[List of United Nations Security Council resolutions concerning Iran|expressed strong opposition]] to [[Nuclear program of Iran|Iran&#039;s nuclear program]] and while both nations continue to oppose the [[Taliban]], India supported the presence of [[International Security Assistance Force|NATO-led forces in Afghanistan]], unlike Iran.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/09/24/indias_iran_calculus|title=India&#039;s Iran calculus|access-date=1 January 2011|publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] magazine|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225010516/https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/09/24/indias-iran-calculus/|url-status=dead}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to a World Service Poll conducted by &#039;&#039;[[BBC]]&#039;&#039; at the end of 2005, 71 percent of [[Iranian nationality law|Iranians]] viewed India&#039;s influence positively, with 21 percent viewing it negatively—the most favourable rating of India for any country in the world.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc06-3/index.html BBC World Service Poll] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118054125/http://www.globescan.com/news_archives/bbc06-3/index.html }} &#039;&#039;[[GlobeScan]]&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Indian subcontinent]] and [[Iranian Plateau]] being adjacent geographical regions, [[Ancient India]] and [[Ancient Iran]] have had close relations dating back millennia. During the [[Middle Ages]], there was fusion of [[Indo-Persian culture|medieval Persian culture in India]], especially since the [[Delhi Sultanate]] till the period of [[Mughal Empire|Mughal Hindustan]]. In modern age, after the [[Partition of India]] in 1947, the [[Dominion of India|newly independent India]] was no longer a neighboring country to the [[Pahlavi Iran|State of Iran]], although the relations between both the nations still remained healthy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current relations==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Mrpfpindiraghandi.jpg|thumb|Empress [[Farah Pahlavi]] and Emperor [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] met India&#039;s Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] during a state visit to India in 1970.]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Iranian Navy Band playing the Indian National Anthem during a ceremonial parade.jpg|thumb|The Iranian Navy Band playing the Indian National Anthem during a ceremonial parade at Bandar-e-Abbas port; 28 August 2015]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
India and Iran have friendly relations in many areas, despite India not welcoming the 1979 Revolution. There are significant trade ties, particularly in crude oil imports into India and diesel exports to Iran. Iran frequently objected to Pakistan&#039;s attempts to draft anti-India resolutions at international organisations such as the [[OIC]] and the [[Human Rights Commission]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://icwa.in/pdfs/IB_IndiaIran.pdf Indian Council of World Affairs(ICWA): Iran-India Relations: Exploring Co-operation in Challenging Times] Retrieved 6 August 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; India welcomed Iran&#039;s inclusion as an observer state in the [[SAARC]] regional organisation.&lt;br /&gt;
A growing number of Iranian students are enrolled at universities in India, most notably in [[Pune]] and [[Bengaluru]]. The clerical government in Tehran sees itself as a leader of [[Shiites]] worldwide, including India. Indian Shiites enjoy state support such as a recognised national holiday for [[Muharram]]. [[Lucknow]] continues to be a major centre of Shiite culture and Persian study in the subcontinent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, India and Iran supported the [[Northern Alliance]] in Afghanistan against the [[Taliban regime]]. They continue to collaborate in supporting the abroad-based anti-Taliban government led by [[Ashraf Ghani]] and backed by the United States. The two countries signed a defence cooperation agreement in December 2002.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;auto&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2010, Iran&#039;s [[Supreme Leader]], [[Ayatollah]] [[Ali Khamenei]], appealed to Muslims worldwide to back the freedom struggle in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. India in turn, summoned the acting Iranian ambassador in New Delhi to lodge a formal protest.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/india/twice-in-7-days-iran-talks-of-oppressed-kashmir/articleshow/59454492.cms|title=Twice in seven-day, Iran talk of oppressed Kashmiri|access-date=5 July 2017|work=The Times of India}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/irans-supreme-leader-khamenei-rakes-up-kashmir-bogey-twice-in-two-weeks-1022519-2017-07-05|title=Iran&#039;s supreme leader Khamenei rakes up Kashmir bogey twice in two weeks|access-date=5 July 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://thewire.in/diplomacy/iran-khamenei-kashmir|title=For the First Time in Seven Years, Ayatollah Khamenei Rakes Up Kashmir|access-date=27 June 2017|publisher=The wire}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 2013, while carrying oil in the [[Persian Gulf]], Iran detained India&#039;s largest ocean liner [[Shipping Corporation of India|Shipping Corporation]] (SCI)&#039;s vessel MT Desh Shanti carrying crude oil from Iraq.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Iran was resolute, and insisted the detention of the tanker was &amp;quot;a technical and non-political issue&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite news|title=Indian ship detention purely a technical issue: Iran|url= http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-ship-detention-purely-a-technical-issue-iran/article5029740.ece|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=18 August 2013|location=Chennai, India}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 22 May 2016, Prime minister Narendra Modi paid an official visit to Iran.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.gatewayhouse.in/india-iran-and-greater-west-asia/India, Iran, and greater West Asia]. Retrieved 22 May 2016&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The visit focused on bilateral connectivity and infrastructure, an energy partnership, and trade.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;tet1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-to-sign-contract-on-chabahar-port-during-pm-narendra-modis-iran-visit/articleshow/52359198.cms|title=India to sign contract on Chabahar port during PM Narendra Modi&#039;s Iran visit|newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=2016-05-20}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Just before Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]]&#039;s visit to Israel in July 2017, [[Iran&#039;s Supreme Leader]] [[Ayatollah Khamenei]], urged the Muslims in [[Kashmir]] to &#039;repudiate oppressors&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/as-modi-embraces-israel-irans-ayatollah-khamenei-urges-support-for-oppressed-muslims-of-kashmir/articleshow/59455486.cms|title=As Modi embraces Israel, Iran&#039;s Ayatollah Khamenei urges support for &amp;quot;oppressed Muslims&amp;quot; of Kashmir|last=TIMESOFINDIA.COM|access-date=13 July 2017|newspaper=The Economic Times}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/irans-ayatollah-ali-khamenei-urges-muslims-in-kashmir-to-repudiate-oppressors-3747153.html|title=Iran&#039;s Ayatollah Ali Khamenei urges Muslims in Kashmir to &#039;repudiate oppressors&#039;|website=firstpost.com|access-date=13 July 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Economic relations==&lt;br /&gt;
{{See also|Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline}}&lt;br /&gt;
Iran&#039;s trade with India exceeded US$13&amp;amp;nbsp;billion in 2007, an 80% increase in trade volume within a year.{{citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
Via third party countries such as UAE this figure reaches $30&amp;amp;nbsp;billion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/iran-seeks-investmentindia-wants-direct-bilateral-trade/70822/on |title= |website=www.business-standard.com |access-date=14 August 2009}}{{SemiBareRefNeedsTitle}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Oil and gas ===&lt;br /&gt;
In 2008–09, Iranian oil accounted for nearly 16.5% of India&#039;s crude oil imports.{{citation needed}} Indian oil imports from Iran increased by 9.5% in 2008–09 due to which Iran emerged as India&#039;s second largest oil supplier.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/companyNews/idUKSP39539720090507 India buys more Iran, less Saudi crude oil in &#039;08/09], Reuters, 7 May 2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; About 40% of the refined oil consumed by India is imported from Iran.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0718/p25s05-usfp.html Does US road to better relations with Iran pass through India?], &#039;&#039;Christian Science Monitor&#039;&#039;, 18 July 2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In June 2009, Indian oil companies announced their plan to invest US$5&amp;amp;nbsp;billion in developing an Iranian gas field in the Persian Gulf.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Business/India-Business/OVL-IOC-OIL-to-invest-5bn-in-Iran-gas-field-/articleshow/4701018.cms OVL, IOC, OIL to invest $5bn in Iran gas field], &#039;&#039;Times of India&#039;&#039;, 25 June 2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In September 2009, the Mehr news agency reported a Pakistani diplomat as saying &amp;quot;India definitely quitted the IPI (India-Pakistan-Iran) gas pipeline deal&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/business/international-business/India-has-quit-Iran-gas-pipeline-deal-Report/articleshow/4980241.cms |work=The Times of India |title=India has quit Iran gas pipeline deal: Report |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090910043533/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/business/international-business/India-has-quit-Iran-gas-pipeline-deal-Report/articleshow/4980241.cms|archive-date=10 September 2009}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; in favour of the [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement]] for energy security.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=1557 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603182717/http://www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=1557 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-06-03 |title=The Iran-Pakistan-India Pipeline…Delayed (Again) |work=Energy Tribune |access-date=2012-09-08}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Iranian officials however said India is yet to make an official declaration.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;timesofindia.indiatimes.com&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; In 2010, US officials warned New Delhi that Indian companies using the [[Asian Clearing Union]] for financial transactions with Iran run the risk of violating a recent US law that bans international firms from doing business with Iranian banks and [[Tehran]]&#039;s oil and gas sector, and that Indian companies dealing with Iran in this manner may be barred from the US.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Wall Street Journal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203513204576046893652486616?mod=WSJASIA_newsreel_business|work=The Wall Street Journal|title=India Joins U.S. Effort to Stifle Iran Trade |first1=Jay|last1=Solomon|first2=Subhadip|last2=Sircar}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The United States criticises the ACU of being insufficiently transparent in its financial dealings with [[Iran]] and suspects that much of their assets are funnelled to blacklisted organisations in Iran such as the [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Wall Street Journal&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; The [[United States Department of the Treasury]] also believes that Iran uses the ACU to bypass the US banking system.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Wall Street Journal&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; On 27 November 2010, the [[Indian government]], through the [[Reserve Bank of India]], instructed the country&#039;s lenders to stop processing current-account transactions with Iran using the [[Asian Clearing Union]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Wall Street Journal&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; and that further deals should be settled without ACU involvement.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.stockmarketsreview.com/reports/indian_stock_market_daily_morning_report_20101228_75028/|title=Indian stock market daily morning report (December 28, 2010, Tuesday)|work=Stock Markets Review|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231013007/http://www.stockmarketsreview.com/reports/indian_stock_market_daily_morning_report_20101228_75028|archive-date=31 December 2010}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; RBI also declared that they will not facilitate payments for Iranian crude imports as global pressure on Tehran grows over its nuclear programme.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/RBI-stifles-Iran-oil-imports-says-wont-clear-payments/articleshow/7160542.cms#ixzz19TZ9pnbt|work=The Times of India |title=RBI stifles Iran oil imports, says won&#039;t clear payments}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; This move by the Indian government will make clear to Indian companies that working through the ACU &amp;quot;doesn&#039;t necessarily mean an Iranian counterpart has an international seal of approval&amp;quot;. As of December 2010, neither Iran nor the ACU have responded to this development.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Wall Street Journal&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; India objected to further American sanctions on Iran in 2010. An Indian foreign policy strategist, Rajiv Sikri, dismissed the idea that a nuclear armed Iran was a threat to India, and said that India would continue to invest in Iran and do business.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=In India, Few Takers For Tighter Iran Sanctions|author=Corey Flintoff |publisher=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128685206|access-date=9 March 2011}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Despite increased pressure by the US and Europe, and a significant reduction in oil imports from Persian oil fields in 2012, leading political figures in India have clearly stated that they are not willing to stop trade relations altogether. To the contrary, they aim at expanding the commodity trade with the Islamic republic.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;S. Mehdudia (March 2013). [http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/indianot-to-halt-imports-from-iran/article4562004.ece &amp;quot;India not to halt imports from Iran&amp;quot;.] &#039;&#039;The Hindu&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Renewed increase in oil imports ===&lt;br /&gt;
While overall, India&#039;s total volume of imported crude has only been rising slightly from 3.2&amp;amp;nbsp;million b/d in 2009–10 to 3.44&amp;amp;nbsp;million b/d in 2012–13, imports from Iran have basically been fluctuating around 250,000 b/d from 2012 to 2013 and thus rising proportionally due to a halt for Iranian exports to Europe.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://rhg.com/interactive/iran-oil-desk Iran Oil Desk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034926/http://rhg.com/interactive/iran-oil-desk }} [[Rhodium Group]]. Retrieved 6 November 2013&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The recent detainment of an Indian tanker by Iranian officials is unrelated to the oil embargo,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;:0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{Cite news|title = Iran detains Indian tanker carrying crude, wants undertaking|date = 15 August 2013|url = http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/iran-detains-indian-tanker-carrying-crude-wants-undertaking/article5025621.ece|newspaper = The Hindu|access-date = 15 August 2013|location=Chennai, India|first=Atul|last=Aneja}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but in an effort to save over US$8.5&amp;amp;nbsp;billion in hard currency, and realising a 180-day waiver from US sanctions, India plans to increase Iranian imports by 11 million tons for 2014, in addition to the two million tons of crude oil shipped from Iran by June 2013, up 21.1% from last year.{{citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On 18 March 2022, Iran&#039;s ambassador to India was quoted as stating that the country is ready to meet India&#039;s energy security demands, as talks between world powers and Tehran for the removal of sanctions against the OPEC member continue.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |title=Iran ready to meet India&#039;s energy needs, Tehran envoy tells New Delhi |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/iran-ready-meet-indias-energy-needs-tehran-envoy-tells-new-delhi-2022-03-18/ |access-date=28 March 2022 |work=Reuters |agency=Reuters |publisher=Reuters }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Iran&#039;s Nuclear Interests ===&lt;br /&gt;
India, despite close relations and convergence of interests with Iran, voted against Iran in the [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] in 2005, which took Iran by surprise. A &amp;quot;welcoming prospect&amp;quot; [[Ali Larijani]] was reported as saying: &amp;quot;India was our friend&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2005/sep/28guest2.htm |title=India was our friend |work=Rediff.com |access-date=2012-09-08}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Stephen Rademaker]] also acknowledged that India&#039;s votes against Iran at the International Atomic Energy Agency were &amp;quot;coerced&amp;quot;:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.payvand.com/news/07/feb/1214.html|title=India&#039;s anti-Iran votes were coerced, says former US official|website=www.payvand.com|access-date=13 July 2017}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The best illustration of this is the two votes India cast against Iran at the IAEA. I am the first person to admit that the votes were coerced.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The USA considers support from India – which is on 35-member board of Governors at the International Atomic Energy Agency – crucial in getting a sizeable majority for its proposal to refer the matter to the [[Security Council]] for positive punitive action against Iran. Greg Schulte, US ambassador to the IAEA, said &amp;quot;&#039;&#039;India&#039;s voice will carry particular weight...I hope India joins us in making clear our collective concerns about Iran&#039;s nuclear program&#039;&#039;&amp;quot;. Schulte did not deny that the [[Indo-US nuclear deal]] was conditional to India supporting the US on the Iran issue. Appraising of the situation vis-a-vis Iran, a senior US official told the [[New York Times]] that &#039;&#039;The Indians are emerging from their non-aligned status and becoming a global power, and they have to begin to think about their responsibilities. They have to make a basic choice.&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news| url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-09-20/us/27845046_1_nuclear-deal-security-council-35-member-board | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517111500/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-09-20/us/27845046_1_nuclear-deal-security-council-35-member-board | url-status=dead | archive-date=17 May 2012 | first1=Chidanand | last1=Rajghatta | work=[[The Times of India]] | title=US-India nuclear deal under Iran gun | date=20 September 2005}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Bush administration, however, recognized India&#039;s close relations with Iran and tempered its position, stating that India can &amp;quot;go ahead with a pipeline deal involving Iran and Pakistan. Our beef is with Iran, not the pipeline&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Infrastructure===&lt;br /&gt;
A highway between [[Zaranj]] and [[Delaram]] (Zaranj-Delaram Highway) is being built with financial support from India.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Pajhwok Afghan News, [http://www.pajhwok.com/viewstory.asp?lng=eng&amp;amp;id=44657 100-km road asphalted in Nimroz with Indian assistance]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The [[Chabahar]] port has also been jointly financed by Iran and India. India alone plans to invest 20 Billion US dollars towards development of Chabahar port.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.tehrantimes.com/index_View.asp?code=222664 India push for Iran&#039;s key port development] Tehran Times – 6 July 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; India is helping develop the Chabahar Port, which will give it access to the oil and gas resources in Iran and the Central Asian states. By so doing, India hopes to compete with the Chinese, who are building Gwadar Port, in Pakistan&#039;s Balochistan. Iran plans to use Chabahar for trans-shipment to Afghanistan and Central Asia, while keeping the port of [[Bandar Abbas]] as a major hub mainly for trade with Russia and Europe. India, Iran and Afghanistan have signed an agreement to give Indian goods, heading for Central Asia and Afghanistan, preferential treatment and tariff reductions at Chabahar.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Work on the Chabahar-Milak-Zaranj-Delaram route from Iran to Afghanistan is in progress. Iran is, with Indian aid, upgrading the Chabahar-Milak road and constructing a bridge on the route to Zaranj. India&#039;s BRO is laying the 213&amp;amp;nbsp;km Zaranj-Delaram road. It is a part of India&#039;s US$750&amp;amp;nbsp;million aid package to Afghanistan. The Chabahar port project is Iran&#039;s chance to end its US-sponsored economic isolation and benefit from the resurgent Indian economy. Along with Bandar Abbas, Chabahar is the Iranian entrepot on the north–south corridor. A strategic partnership between India, Iran and Russia is intended to establish a multi-modal transport link connecting Mumbai with St Petersburg, providing Europe and the former Soviet republics of Central Asia access to Asia and vice versa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====North-South Transport Corridor====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Further|North-South Transport Corridor}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:North South Transport Corridor (NSTC).jpg|thumb|right|200px|North South Transport Corridor route via India, [[Iran]], [[Azerbaijan]] and Russia]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The North–South Transport Corridor is the [[ship transport|ship]], [[railways|rail]], and [[road transport|road]] route for moving freight between India, Russia, [[Iran]], Europe, the [[Caucasus]], and Central Asia. The route primarily involves moving [[freight]] from India, [[Iran]], [[Azerbaijan]] and Russia via ship, rail and road.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/despite-us-opposition-iran-to-be-transport-hub-for-northsouth-corridor/article3473943.ece |title=Despite U.S. opposition, Iran to be transport hub for North-South Corridor |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 April 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The objective of the corridor is to increase [[Trade|trade connectivity]] between major cities such as [[Mumbai]], Moscow, [[Tehran]], [[Baku]], [[Bandar Abbas]], [[Astrakhan]], [[Bandar Anzali]], etc.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://in.rbth.com/articles/2012/11/29/north-south_transport_corridor_offers_many_opportunities_for_indo-ru_19421.html |title=Transport Corridor offers many opportunities for Indo-Russian trade |work=Russia &amp;amp; India Report |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413103852/http://in.rbth.com/articles/2012/11/29/north-south_transport_corridor_offers_many_opportunities_for_indo-ru_19421.html |url-status=dead }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; [[Dry run (testing)|Dry run]]s of two routes were conducted in 2014, the first was Mumbai to Baku via Bandar Abbas and the second was Mumbai to Astrakhan via Bandar Abbas, Tehran and Bandar Anzali. The objective of the study was to identify and address key [[Traffic bottleneck|bottleneck]]s.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/government-press-release/dry-run-study-of-instc-trade-route-115032000589_1.html |title=Dry Run Study of INSTC Trade Route |work=Business Standard|access-date=11 April 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;auto2&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/lead-article-iran-deal-spells-good-tidings-for-india/article7085906.ece |title=Iran deal spells good tidings for India |work=The Hindu |access-date=11 April 2015}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The results showed [[Cost of transport|transport costs]] were reduced by &amp;quot;$2,500 per 15 tons of cargo&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;auto2&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Other routes under consideration include via [[Armenia]], [[Kazakhstan]] and [[Turkmenistan]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Education===&lt;br /&gt;
There are about 8,000 Iranian students studying in India. India provides 67 scholarships every year to Iranian students under ITEC, ICCR, Colombo Plan and IOR-ARC schemes. Every year around 40,000 Iranians visit India for various purposes.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81006985/Politic/Iran,_India_relations_span_centuries_marked_by_meaningful_interactions |title= |website=www.irna.ir |access-date=6 January 2013}}{{SemiBareRefNeedsTitle}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Kendriya Vidyalaya Tehran]], the Embassy of India School, serves Indian citizens living in Tehran.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Religion===&lt;br /&gt;
{{further|Zoroastrianism in India}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world&#039;s largest population of [[Zoroastrian]]s are the [[Parsi]] community in India. During the Arab conquest of Persia, many Zoroastrians moved to the western coast of India and as a result the country has the largest population of Zoroastrians in the world. In the modern era, the Parsi community have contributed significantly to India in the areas of politics, industry, science and culture. Prominent Indian Parsis include [[Dadabhai Naoroji]] (three times president of [[Indian National Congress]]), Harman Abrawan [[Sam Manekshaw]], nuclear energy scientist [[Homi J. Bhabha|Homi Bhabha]], industrialist [[JRD Tata]] and the [[Tata family]]. The rock star [[Freddie Mercury]] (lead singer of the band [[Queen (rock band)|Queen]]) was an Indian Parsi born in [[Zanzibar]]. [[Zubin Mehta]], a conductor of Western classical music orchestras, is also a Parsi originally from Mumbai.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|India|Iran}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Foreign Relations of Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Foreign relations of India]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Indo-Persian culture]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Buddhism in Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hinduism in Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Zoroastrianism in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Irani (India)|Irani]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
*Chopra, R.M. &#039;&#039;Indo-Iranian Cultural Relations through the Ages&#039;&#039;. published by Iran Society, Kolkata.&lt;br /&gt;
*Chopra, R.M. &#039;&#039;Indo-Iranian Cultural Relations in the 20th century&#039;&#039;. Indo-Iranica Vol.57 (1–4)&lt;br /&gt;
*Clawson, Patrick. (2005). &#039;&#039;Eternal Iran: Continuity and Chaos&#039;&#039;. {{ISBN|1-4039-6276-6}}. 2005. MacMillan.&lt;br /&gt;
* {{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Iranica |year= 2004 |author=Multiple authors |article=India | url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india}} (series of entries that cover Indian history and its relations with Iran)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nikki R. Keddie|Keddie, Nikki]]; Matthee, Rudolph P. (ed.). (2002). &#039;&#039;[https://books.google.com/books?id=CdzFJIE7f5oC Iran and the Surrounding World: Interactions in Culture and Cultural Politics]&#039;&#039;. University of Washington Press. {{ISBN|0-295-98206-3}}.&lt;br /&gt;
*Tikku, G.L. (1971). &#039;&#039;Persian poetry in Kashmir 1339–1846.&#039;&#039; {{ISBN|0-520-09312-7}}&lt;br /&gt;
*Section on Persian literature in India: [[Jan Rypka]], January (1968). &#039;&#039;History of Iranian Literature&#039;&#039;. Reidel Publishing Company. {{OCLC|460598}}. {{ISBN|90-277-0143-1}}&lt;br /&gt;
*Chopra, R.M., &amp;quot;The Rise Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature&amp;quot;, 2012, published by Iran Culture House, New Delhi and Iran Society, Kolkata. 2nd Edition published in 2013.&lt;br /&gt;
*Maini,T.S., Sachdeva, S. &#039;&#039;[http://www.indrastra.com/2017/09/What-Does-Iran-s-Changing-Foreign-Policy-Mean-for-India-003-09-2017-0024.html What Does Iran’s Changing Foreign Policy Mean for India?]&#039;&#039;, IndraStra Global Vol. 003, Issue No: 09 (2017), Article No: 0024, ISSN 2381-3652&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-ix-relations-qajar-period-early-20th-century |title=INDIA ix. RELATIONS: QAJAR PERIOD, EARLY 20TH CENTURY|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=XIII |pages=34–44 }}&lt;br /&gt;
*{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/india-viii-relations-qajar-period-the-19th-century|title=INDIA viii. RELATIONS: QAJAR PERIOD, THE 19TH CENTURY|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Iranica |volume=XIII |pages=26–32 }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160316052619/http://www.indianembassy-tehran.ir/ Official Embassy of India, Tehran]&lt;br /&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050426175609/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1296048,001301700001.htm US concerns not to sway India-Iran relations]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://pd.cpim.org/2005/0918/09182005_prakash.htm India-Iran Relations Cannot Be Hostage To US] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205224458/http://pd.cpim.org/2005/0918/09182005_prakash.htm }}&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/18176/indiairanian_relations.html?breadcrumb=%2F India-Iran Relations: Key Security Implications]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Foreign relations of India}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Foreign relations of Iran}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:India-Iran Relations}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:India–Iran relations| ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bilateral relations of India|Iran]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Bilateral relations of Iran]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Summit_(meeting)&amp;diff=388559</id>
		<title>Summit (meeting)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Summit_(meeting)&amp;diff=388559"/>
		<updated>2022-06-14T10:55:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Published an enlightening piece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Short description|Meeting of heads of state or government}}&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;summit meeting&#039;&#039;&#039; (or just &#039;&#039;&#039;summit&#039;&#039;&#039;) is an international meeting of [[Head of state|heads of state]] or [[Head of government|government]], usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged [[Agenda (meeting)|agenda]]. Notable summit meetings include those of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], [[Winston Churchill]], and [[Joseph Stalin]] during [[World War II]]. However, the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until the [[Geneva Summit (1955)]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-jy7yYiZ8wgC&amp;amp;pg=PA805 |title = Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide with Texts|isbn = 9780415141253|last1 = Grenville|first1 = John Ashley Soames|year = 2001}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; During the [[Cold War]], when [[United States|American]] [[President of the United States|president]]s joined with [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] or [[China|Chinese]] counterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a &amp;quot;summit&amp;quot;. The [[post–Cold War era]] has produced an increase in the number of &amp;quot;summit&amp;quot; events. Nowadays, international summits are the most common expression for [[global governance]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{Cite web | url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2008/12/g20-summit-bradford-linn |title = Global Governance Breakthrough: The G20 Summit and the Future Agenda|date = 2001-11-30}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notable summits==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Dynamic list}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[List of World War II conferences|World War II conferences]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
*[[U.S.–British Staff Conference (ABC–1)]] (January 29 – March 27, 1941)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atlantic Charter|Atlantic Conference]] (August 9–12, 1941)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moscow Conference (1941)|Moscow Conference]] (September 29 – October 1, 1941)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Arcadia Conference]] (December 22, 1941 – January 14, 1942)&lt;br /&gt;
*Second Washington Conference (June 20–25, 1942)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moscow Conference (1942)|Second Moscow Conference]] (August 12–19, 1942)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Cherchell]] Conference (October 21–22, 1942)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Casablanca Conference]] (January 14–24, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bermuda Conference]] (April 19, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*Third Washington Conference (May 12–27, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Quebec Conference, 1943|Quebec Conference]] (August 17–24, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moscow Conference (1943)|Third Moscow Conference]] (October 18 – November 1, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Cairo Conference (1943)|Cairo Conference]] (November 22–26, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tehran Conference]] (November 28 – December 1, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Second Cairo Conference]] (December 4–6, 1943)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Commonwealth Prime Ministers&#039; Conference]] (May 1–16, 1944)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference]] (Bretton Woods) (July 1–15, 1944)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]] (August 21–29, 1944)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Second Quebec Conference]] (September 12–16, 1944)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Moscow Conference (1944)|Fourth Moscow Conference]] (October 9, 1944)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Malta Conference (1945)|Malta Conference]] (January 30 – February 2, 1945)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Yalta Conference]] (February 4–11, 1945)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[United Nations Conference on International Organization]] (April 25 – June 26, 1945)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Potsdam Conference]] (July 17 – August 2, 1945)&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Arab League|Arab League summits]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1974 – [[Rabat summit conference]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2002 – [[Beirut Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Earth Summit]]s===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1992 – [[Earth Summit (1992)|Earth Summit]], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil&lt;br /&gt;
* 2002 – [[Earth Summit 2002|Earth Summit]], Johannesburg, South Africa,&lt;br /&gt;
* 2012 – [[UNCSD 2012|Earth Summit]], Rio de Janeiro, Brazil&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===G–summits===&lt;br /&gt;
;[[Group of Six]] (G6), [[heads of government]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1975 – [[1st G6 summit]], Château de Rambouillet&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[[Group of Seven (G7)]], heads of government&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1976 – [[2nd G7 summit]], San Juan&lt;br /&gt;
* 1977 – [[3rd G7 summit]], London&lt;br /&gt;
* 1978 – [[4th G7 summit]], Bonn&lt;br /&gt;
* 1979 – [[5th G7 summit]], Tokyo&lt;br /&gt;
* 1980 – [[6th G7 summit]], Venice&lt;br /&gt;
* 1981 – [[7th G7 summit]], Montebello&lt;br /&gt;
* 1982 – [[8th G7 summit]], Versailles&lt;br /&gt;
* 1983 – [[9th G7 summit]], Williamsburg&lt;br /&gt;
* 1984 – [[10th G7 summit]], London&lt;br /&gt;
* 1985 – [[11th G7 summit]], Bonn&lt;br /&gt;
* 1986 – [[12th G7 summit]], Tokyo&lt;br /&gt;
* 1987 – [[13th G7 summit]], Venice&lt;br /&gt;
* 1988 – [[14th G7 summit]], Toronto&lt;br /&gt;
* 1989 – [[15th G7 summit]], Grande Arche&lt;br /&gt;
* 1990 – [[16th G7 summit]], Houston&lt;br /&gt;
* 1991 – [[17th G7 summit]], London&lt;br /&gt;
* 1992 – [[18th G7 summit]], Munich&lt;br /&gt;
* 1993 – [[19th G7 summit]], Tokyo&lt;br /&gt;
* 1994 – [[20th G7 summit]], Naples&lt;br /&gt;
* 1995 – [[21st G7 summit]], Halifax&lt;br /&gt;
* 1996 – [[22nd G7 summit]], Lyon&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[[Group of Eight (G8)]], heads of government&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1997 – [[23rd G8 summit]], Denver&lt;br /&gt;
* 1998 – [[24th G8 summit]], Birmingham&lt;br /&gt;
* 1999 – [[25th G8 summit]], Cologne&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – [[26th G8 summit]], Okinawa&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[27th G8 summit]], Genoa&lt;br /&gt;
* 2002 – [[28th G8 summit]], Kananaskis&lt;br /&gt;
* 2003 – [[29th G8 summit]], Évian-les-Bains&lt;br /&gt;
* 2004 – [[30th G8 summit]], Sea Island&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 – [[31st G8 summit]], Gleneagles&lt;br /&gt;
* 2006 – [[32nd G8 summit]], Saint Petersburg&lt;br /&gt;
* 2007 – [[33rd G8 summit]], Heiligendamm&lt;br /&gt;
* 2008 – [[34th G8 summit]], Tōyako&lt;br /&gt;
* 2009 – [[35th G8 summit]], L&#039;Aquila, Abruzzo&lt;br /&gt;
* 2010 – [[36th G8 summit]], Huntsville&lt;br /&gt;
* 2011 – [[37th G8 summit]], Deauville&lt;br /&gt;
* 2012 – [[38th G8 summit]], Camp David, Maryland&lt;br /&gt;
* 2013 – [[39th G8 summit]], Lough Erne in County Fermanagh&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[[Group of Seven (G7)]], heads of government&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2014 – [[40th G7 summit]], Brussels&lt;br /&gt;
* 2015 – [[41st G7 summit]], Schloss Elmau, Bavaria&lt;br /&gt;
* 2016 – [[42nd G7 summit]], Shima, Mie Prefecture&lt;br /&gt;
* 2017 – [[43rd G7 summit]], Taormina, Sicily&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[44th G7 summit]], La Malbaie, Quebec&lt;br /&gt;
* 2019 – [[45th G7 summit]], Biarritz, Nouvelle-Aquitaine&lt;br /&gt;
* 2021 – [[47th G7 summit]], Cornwall, South West England&lt;br /&gt;
* 2022 – [[48th G7 summit]], Schloss Elmau, Bavaria&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
;[[G-20 major economies|Group of Twenty]], heads of government&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2008 G-20 Washington summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2009 G-20 London summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2009 G-20 Pittsburgh summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2010 G-20 Toronto summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2010 G-20 Seoul summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2011 G-20 Cannes summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2012 G-20 Los Cabos summit|2012 G-20 Los Cabos Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2013 G-20 Saint Petersburg summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2014 G-20 Brisbane summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2015 G-20 Antalya summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2016 G-20 Hangzhou summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2017 G20 Hamburg summit|2017 G-20 Hamburg summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit|2018 G-20 Buenos Aires summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2019 G20 Osaka summit|2019 G-20 Osaka summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2020 G20 Riyadh summit|2020 G-20 Riyadh summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2021 G20 Rome summit|2021 G-20 Rome summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[2022 G20 Bali summit|2022 G-20 Bali summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[European summit]]s===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1969 – The Hague: Foreign policy and enlargement.&lt;br /&gt;
* 1974 – Paris: Creation of the Council.&lt;br /&gt;
* 1985 – Milan: Initiate [[Intergovernmental Conference|IGC]] leading to the [[Single European Act]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1991 – Maastricht&#039;: Agreement on the [[Maastricht Treaty]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1997 – Amsterdam: Agreement on the [[Amsterdam Treaty]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1998 – Brussels: Selected member states to adopt the [[euro]].&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1999 – Cologne: [[List of European Councils#Cologne 1999|Declaration on military forces]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1999 – Tampere: Institutional reform&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – Lisbon: [[Lisbon Strategy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2002 – Copenhagen: Agreement for May 2004 [[Enlargement of the European Union|enlargement]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2007 – Lisbon: Agreement on the [[Lisbon Treaty]].&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Inter-Korean summit]]s===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – [[2000 inter-Korean summit|1st Korean summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2007 – [[2007 inter-Korean summit|2nd Korean summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[April 2018 inter-Korean summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[May 2018 inter-Korean summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[September 2018 inter-Korean summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Millennium Development Goals]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – [[Millennium Summit]], New York City&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 – [[2005 World Summit]], New York City&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[South American Summit]]s===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – 2000 South American Summit, Brasília&lt;br /&gt;
* 2002 – South American Summit, Guayaquil&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2004 – [[2004 South American Summit]], Cuzco, Peru&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[Summits of the Americas]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1994 – [[1st Summit of the Americas]] at [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] in the [[United States]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1996—Summit of the Americas on Sustainable Development at [[Santa Cruz, Bolivia|Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in [[Bolivia]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 1998 – [[2nd Summit of the Americas]] at [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] in [[Chile]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[3rd Summit of the Americas]], in [[Quebec City, Quebec|Quebec City]], [[Canada]].&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2004 – [[Monterrey Special Summit of the Americas]] at [[Monterrey]] in [[Mexico]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 – [[4th Summit of the Americas]] at [[Mar del Plata]] in [[Argentina]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2009 – [[5th Summit of the Americas]] at [[Port-of-Spain]] in [[Trinidad and Tobago]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2012 – [[6th Summit of the Americas]] at [[Cartagena, Colombia|Cartagena]] in [[Colombia]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2015 – [[7th Summit of the Americas]] at [[Panama City]] in [[Panama]].&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[8th Summit of the Americas]] at [[Lima]] in [[Peru]].&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[List of international conferences on Afghanistan|UN International conferences on Afghanistan]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[International Conference on Afghanistan (2001)|International Conference on Afghanistan]] in [[Bonn]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2004 – International Conference on Afghanistan in [[Berlin]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2006 – [[International Conference on Afghanistan (2006)|International Conference on Afghanistan]] in [[London]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2007 – International Conference on the [[Rule of law|Rule of Law]] in [[Afghanistan]] in [[Rome]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2008 – International Conference on Afghanistan in [[Paris]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2009 – International Conference on Afghanistan in [[Moscow]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2009 – [[International Conference on Afghanistan, The Hague (2009)|International Conference on Afghanistan]] in [[The Hague]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2010 – [[International Conference on Afghanistan (2010)|International Conference on Afghanistan]] in [[London]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[List of Soviet Union–United States summits|Soviet Union–United States summits]]===&lt;br /&gt;
* Geneva Summit, July 18–23, 1955&lt;br /&gt;
* Washington and Camp David Summit, September 15, 26–27, 1959 &lt;br /&gt;
* Paris Summit, May 16–17, 1960 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vienna Summit]], June 3–4, 1961 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Glassboro Summit Conference]], June 23 and 25, 1967&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Moscow Summit (1972)|Moscow Summit]] (SALT I), May 22–30, 1972 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Washington Summit (1973)|Washington Summit]], June 18–25, 1973 &lt;br /&gt;
* Moscow summit, June 28 – July 3, 1974 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control]], November 23–24, 1974&lt;br /&gt;
* Helsinki summit, July 30 and August 2, 1975 &lt;br /&gt;
* Vienna summit (SALT II), June 15–18, 1979 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Geneva Summit (1985)|Geneva Summit]], November 19–21, 1985 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Reykjavík Summit]], October 10–12, 1986&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Washington Summit (1987)|Washington Summit]], December 7–10, 1987&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Moscow Summit (1988)|Moscow Summit]], May 29 – June 1, 1988 &lt;br /&gt;
* New York Summit, December 7, 1988 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Malta Summit]], December 2–3, 1989&lt;br /&gt;
* Washington D.C., May 30 – June 3, 1990 &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Helsinki Summit (1990)|Helsinki Summit]], September 9, 1990 &lt;br /&gt;
* Paris Summit, November 19, 1990&lt;br /&gt;
* London Summit, July 17, 1991&lt;br /&gt;
* Moscow Summit (START I), July 30–31, 1991 &lt;br /&gt;
* Madrid Summit, October 29–30, 1991&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===[[List of Russia–United States summits|Russia–United States summits]]===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-begin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[Slovenia Summit 2001]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 – [[Slovakia Summit 2005]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-2}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[2018 Russia–United States summit|Russia–United States summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2021 – [[2021 Russia–United States summit|Russia–United States summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Col-end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Miscellaneous===&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col}}&lt;br /&gt;
* 1520 – [[Field of the Cloth of Gold]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1955 – [[Geneva Summit (1955)|Geneva Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1967 – [[Glassboro Summit Conference]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1985 – [[Shamrock Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1986 – [[Reykjavík Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1989 – [[Malta Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 1990 – [[World Summit for Children]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[Agra summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2001 – [[Taba summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2000 – [[2000 Camp David Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2003–2005 – [[World Summit on the Information Society]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2005 – [[Sharm el-Sheikh Summit of 2005]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2015 – [[Valletta Summit on Migration]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2017 – [[2017 Riyadh summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2018 – [[2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2019 – [[2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* 2023 – [[2023 France-China Summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Div col end}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ASEAN summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* {{c|BRICS summits}}&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie#Summits|Francophonie Summits]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[NATO summit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Non-Aligned Movement#Summits|Non-Aligned Movement Summits]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation#SAARC summits|SAARC Summits]]&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Diplomacy}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Summit (Meeting)}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Diplomacy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:International conferences|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences|*]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Diplomatic visits|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ex-officio&amp;diff=387884</id>
		<title>Ex-officio</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ex-officio&amp;diff=387884"/>
		<updated>2022-05-15T09:05:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Article shaped.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Ex officio member]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90527</id>
		<title>Meghan Collison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90527"/>
		<updated>2021-05-31T09:19:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: external links&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Meghan Collison&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size           = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = &amp;lt;!-- only use if different from name --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1988|02|02}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = Edmonton, Canada&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = Canadian&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Model&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = &lt;br /&gt;
| known_for     = &lt;br /&gt;
| height = 5&#039; 11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Meghan Collison&#039;&#039;&#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.&lt;br /&gt;
== Biography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison Profile|url=https://models.com/models/meghan-collison|website=Models.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She was entered into modeling industry when discovered at a local mall model search.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=MEGHAN COLLISON - CANADIAN MODEL|url=https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/models/meghan-collison-model/?vpage=2|website=fashiongonerogue.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the age of 18, she moved to [[New York]]. She appeared on the cover of Italian Vogue in In October 2007, photographed by [[Steven Meisel]]. She has appeared for Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Anna Sui, H&amp;amp;M, Topshop, Swarovski, Valentino, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, and other prominent fashion designers. She has also appeared in Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, French, British, and Chinese Vogue.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison on Next Models|url=https://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/meghan-collison/covers/d-scene-magazine-august-2018|website=Next Models}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She was ranked #37 on models.com Top 50 Models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
* {{IMDb name|4191993}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90476</id>
		<title>Meghan Collison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90476"/>
		<updated>2021-05-31T06:55:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: reference&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Meghan Collison&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size           = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = &amp;lt;!-- only use if different from name --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1988|02|02}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = Edmonton, Canada&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = Canadian&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Model&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = &lt;br /&gt;
| known_for     = &lt;br /&gt;
| height = 5&#039; 11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Meghan Collison&#039;&#039;&#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.&lt;br /&gt;
== Biography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison Profile|url=https://models.com/models/meghan-collison|website=Models.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She was entered into modeling industry when discovered at a local mall model search.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=MEGHAN COLLISON - CANADIAN MODEL|url=https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/models/meghan-collison-model/?vpage=2|website=fashiongonerogue.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the age of 18, she moved to [[New York]]. She appeared on the cover of Italian Vogue in In October 2007, photographed by [[Steven Meisel]]. She has appeared for Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Anna Sui, H&amp;amp;M, Topshop, Swarovski, Valentino, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, and other prominent fashion designers. She has also appeared in Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, French, British, and Chinese Vogue.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison on Next Models|url=https://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/meghan-collison/covers/d-scene-magazine-august-2018|website=Next Models}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She was ranked #37 on models.com Top 50 Models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90474</id>
		<title>Meghan Collison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90474"/>
		<updated>2021-05-31T06:51:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: reference&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Meghan Collison&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size           = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = &amp;lt;!-- only use if different from name --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1988|02|02}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = Edmonton, Canada&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = Canadian&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Model&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = &lt;br /&gt;
| known_for     = &lt;br /&gt;
| height = 5&#039; 11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Meghan Collison&#039;&#039;&#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.&lt;br /&gt;
== Biography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison Profile|url=https://models.com/models/meghan-collison|website=Models.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; She was entered into modeling industry when discovered at a local mall model search.{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=MEGHAN COLLISON - CANADIAN MODEL|url=https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/models/meghan-collison-model/?vpage=2|website=fashiongonerogue.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; At the age of 18, she moved to [[New York]]. She appeared on the cover of Italian Vogue in In October 2007, photographed by [[Steven Meisel]]. She has appeared for Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Anna Sui, H&amp;amp;M, Topshop, Swarovski, Valentino, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, and other prominent fashion designers. She has also appeared in Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, French, British, and Chinese Vogue.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison on Next Models|url=https://www.nextmanagement.com/london/profile/meghan-collison/covers/d-scene-magazine-august-2018|website=Next Models}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She was ranked #37 on models.com Top 50 Models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90472</id>
		<title>Meghan Collison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90472"/>
		<updated>2021-05-31T06:42:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Meghan Collison&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size           = 200px&lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = &amp;lt;!-- only use if different from name --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1988|02|02}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = Edmonton, Canada&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = Canadian&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Model&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = &lt;br /&gt;
| known_for     = &lt;br /&gt;
| height = 5&#039; 11&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Meghan Collison&#039;&#039;&#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.&lt;br /&gt;
== Biography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada. She was entered into modeling industry when discovered at a local mall model search. At the age of 18, she moved to [[New York]]. She appeared on the cover of Italian Vogue in In October 2007, photographed by [[Steven Meisel]]. She has appeared for Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Anna Sui, H&amp;amp;M, Topshop, Swarovski, Valentino, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, and other prominent fashion designers. She has also appeared in Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, French, British, and Chinese Vogue.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-31|title=Meghan Collison Profile|url=https://models.com/models/meghan-collison|website=Models.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She was ranked #37 on models.com Top 50 Models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90463</id>
		<title>Meghan Collison</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meghan_Collison&amp;diff=90463"/>
		<updated>2021-05-31T06:36:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Meghan Collison&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.  == Biography ==  Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada. She was entered int...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Meghan Collison&#039;&#039;&#039; (2 February 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Biography ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Collison was born on 2 February 1988 in Edmonton, Alberta in Canada. She was entered into modeling industry when discovered at a local mall model search. At the age of 18 she moved to [[New York]]. She appeared on the cover of Italian Vogue in In October 2007, photographed by [[Steven Meisel]]. She has appeared for Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, Marc Jacobs, Prada, Anna Sui, H&amp;amp;M, Topshop, Swarovski, Valentino, Givenchy, Louis Vuitton, and other prominent fashion designers. She has also appeared in Italian, Russian, German, Japanese, French, British, and Chinese Vogue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She was ranked #37 on models.com Top 50 Models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=90449</id>
		<title>User talk:WikiDwarf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=90449"/>
		<updated>2021-05-30T19:33:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: /* Review Timeline */ reply&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{User talk}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Issue with Notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello and welcome to Bharatpedia, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Spamming ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Admin&#039;s Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Reviewer Barnstar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Reviewer Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== How to submit the article ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have created the article help me in submitting the article &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Wikipedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it&#039;s ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Sure thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Have edited &amp;amp; summited the draft..&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How to disclose the paid contribution?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Review of article ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Article creation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, why can&#039;t I create new page about person? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 16:24, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{re|Rehan}} and welcome! As I can see your account hasn&#039;t reached the [[Wikipedia:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] level yet so you won&#039;t be able to create a page in the main namespace, but you can create an article in the draft namespace using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|article wizard]] and submit it for a review by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:submit}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the top of the article once it&#039;s ready. Please see [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation]] for more and let me know if you need any help. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:48, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for your response. I have created the draft [[Draft:Syed_Falak]] now I need to add image. How can I add?&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, thank you so much for your help. I want to know are you an admin in this Wikipedia? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 01:19, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Rehan}} Hello Rehan, yes I&#039;m an admin here. Please let me know if you need any help. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:35, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello sir, i created a page can you approve? thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ajay Kumar|contribs]]) 18:47, 19 April 2021 (IST) (UTC)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} I have moved the page to main namespace after some improvements in sources and added some categories. The subject looks notable so please try to add some more sources. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:23, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you sir. I added more details with source. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:29, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
==A curious query==&lt;br /&gt;
Hello Wiki Dwarf! I am an old user in English Wikipedia. When I tried to log in here with the same account and password, it failed. Btw, my queries are: 1) Is this wikipedia a part of Wikimedia sister projects? 2) Sometimes, I found some articles, though not original of here (I mean they seems to be imported from the simple English wikipedia),   does this mean that all the articles are imported? 3) Can I create my user account here and at the same time, can I create original articles here? Though articles with similar names exist in the en wikipedia? &lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:04, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|47.29.19.238}} Hello there, Bharatpedia is an independent platform (please see [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer]]) so you won&#039;t be able to login using your Wikipedia account details, but you may create a new account under the same username. Account creation is not required in order to read or edit this site, but if you wish to create new articles you can sign up with a new account and can create articles on notable topics, no matter if the particular article exists on Wikipedia under the same or similar name. Some articles here are imported from Wikipedia and you may notice a disclosure at the end of each page such as [[Achappam]] and if you can&#039;t find such disclosure, you can add one by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{en-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of the article. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 00:36, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Finally, I read the article you cited. Next, 4) Is it mandatory for me to create my new user account here with the exactly same username from the wikipedia org? Next, 5) Do I need special permission to edit, create an article here? 6) Like wikipedia, can I perform edits here normally? 7) Can I import article from the wikipedia? For that, do I need special rights or powers here? I mean all these in good faith. And I have a strong desire to have my service here. [[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:59, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{re|47.29.19.238}} No it&#039;s not mandatory to create a new account with exactly the same user name on Wikipedia, it&#039;s your choice if you wish to keep both accounts under the same username. You don&#039;t need special user rights to edit pages on this site, but several actions including article creation in the main namespace are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. The use of the tool to import pages is only limited to admins, patrollers and extended-confirmed users, but a user without these rights can still import pages manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:17, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Talk back notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello brother! I have a talk back for you in my talk page. Besides, I want to know something from you. Is this wikipedia still have connection with Wikimedia Commons and translate wiki? I saw this very wikipedia supports some Manipuri language technical version. Next, does this wikipedia also have multiple language wiki versions? SonOfZeus 10:48, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|SonOfZeus}} Hello and welcome! this is an independent platform unrelated to the Wikimedia Foundation and is currently only available in the English language. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Brother! Can I create my sandbox here in this wiki too? And, where shall I see the number of articles of this wiki? And, about the list of active users, if I want to see! And lastly, does this wiki also follow the INDIC SCRIPT policy of English wikipedia?  SonOfZeus 18:46, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::And, another thing, can I create a draft page and how should I start that?  SonOfZeus 18:49, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Yes you can experience in your sandbox. The number of articles you can see on the main page and unfortunately the list of active users is only limited to sysops. To create a draft you can visit [[Wikipedia:Article wizard]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:12, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::And lastly, does Indic script policy also apply here? SonOfZeus 18:29, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, you can use the Indic script in the lead and infobox to address the name of the subject. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:30, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Thank you. SonOfZeus 20:55, 11 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Hello WikiDwarf, I don&#039;t find any user with your name in English wikipedia. Are you there in English wikipedia? If yes, may I know what is your username there? If that affects your privacy, then I am sorry. Else, please tell me. &lt;br /&gt;
::And another thing, can I request you for importing articles from wikipedia? SonOfZeus 12:30, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Sure you can list the articles [[Wikipedia:Requested articles|on this page]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:40, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::But sir, I don&#039;t find any link to go to any particular page where I can write the name of the article which I want to request for import.(1) Could you please show me the link for the page where I could write the request? (2) At the same, if I could personally request you at your talk page, please import [[Meitei deities]] and [[List of figures in Meitei mythology]] from simple English Wikipedia. SonOfZeus 11:57, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Thank you for pointing it out. I have created a button that will take you to the request page and also imported the two pages you requested above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:50, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: But sir, (1) [[Meitei deities]] is a redirect page of another page. The main page is not imported yet from Simple English Wikipedia. (2) How many articles can I request at a time? Is there any limitation of number of articles at a single request? (3) If something gets changed in the article at general wikipedia, will it&#039;s imported equivalent article in this wikipedia get affected? For example, an article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; has been deleted in general wiki, what about its equivalent article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; in this wiki? SonOfZeus 10:55, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I have imported its corresponding article please see [[List of Meitei gods and goddesses]]. You can request as many articles as you wish as there is no limit. If an article is changed or deleted on Wikipedia it will not automatically affect its copy on Bharatpedia so one need to update the particular article manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:02, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Thank you sir. And, one thing is that can a page be created or imported by anonymous users? I saw [[Irai Leima]] being imported by an anonymous. Is that a vandalism? As you are a check user also, what do you see. Who&#039;s that? SonOfZeus 13:27, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, that article was imported using the tool by an admin and the most recent revision was included so that&#039;s the reason [[Irai Leima]] looks like created/imported by anon. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:06, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::I have imported all the articles as per your request at [[Wikipedia:Requested articles/requests]], please place &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{simple-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of each article to avoid copyright issue. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:32, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Sure, sir! I will do as soon as possible. Thanks! I have more request in the page. Please import those too. SonOfZeus 15:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for those import! And one thing, (1) I am trying my best to put the &amp;quot;simple English wikipedia template &amp;quot; at the bottom of every imported article. But if I missed some, will there be assured chance of facing copyright issues? (2) In case of edits performed by myself in the general wikipedia, can I directly copy and paste those here? SonOfZeus 20:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(3) The page [[Khamba Thoibi]] has a very important long infobox and some wiki tables in the [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] (general English wikipedia). Can we import those partially here? SonOfZeus 20:10, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I don&#039;t see any issue if you wish to directly copy and paste your edits from Wikipedia, but it still needs a disclosure at the end of the page. I have imported the contents from [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] into [[Khamba Thoibi]] please let me know if there is anything else I can do. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:35, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Hello brother! (1) In the main page of the Bharatpedia, some names of religions are given. Could you add [[Sanamahism]] also? SonOfZeus 22:37, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(2) Please create infobox religion. (3) Please create Template:Lang-zh_TW (language template for traditional Chinese) and Template:Lang-zh_CN (language template for simplified Chinese). SonOfZeus 23:46, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Please use [[:Template:Infobox religious group]] instead of Infobox religion and for the traditional Chinese, please use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|t=中國}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|s=中国}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; for simplified Chinese. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Sir! (1) I have new import request. Please see. (2) I have more than 500 edits. So, I think I am extended confirmed user now. Could you please grant me the right of importer to me? What special steps are needed for importing? If possible, please teach me. SonOfZeus 20:16, 18 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Your account has not yet reached the extendedconfirmed level. A registered editor becomes extendedconfirmed automatically when the account is both at least 30 days old and has made at least 500 edits (including deleted edits) so, I will take a look at the list and import as much as possible. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:30, 21 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Issue in Reviewing ==&lt;br /&gt;
([[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]]) Hello editor, I&#039;m New user of Bharatpedia.My published two articles are still in review. will you please explain me review submission process please ? &amp;amp; when my articles will be reviewed ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Revert Rights ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] hello,i had requested you to tell me about how to submit article drafts in afc after 10+ edits but someone demotes my user right will you please revert it...because of this my direct page move option is not appearing please do promote me again so i can move page.Thank You.Waiting For Your Response(-[[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]] ([[User talk:Pixerark|talk]]) 22:16, 14 May 2021 (IST))&lt;br /&gt;
:Please see my reply on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:36, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Index ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I created page many days ago and it is still not visible in Google search results. Please review [[Reza Abbaszadeh]] page and index it. Thank you! [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 22:49, 17 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello sir, I created a page can you please approve? thanks&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Review Timeline ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}, I am planning to introduce a good amount of fashion and film people articles to this place. I have auto petrol rights in English Wikipedia so I know what I am doing. I just want to know, what are the indexing/review timelines here. This is just for a better understanding of the process. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 14:50, 29 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{re|Kingfisher}} and thank you for your interest. First of all, there is no fixed timeline for the review process since we have very few reviewers at the moment. Secondly, I will be glad to grant you the same user right(s) that you have on Wikipedia if you can share the details for verification purpose. If you don&#039;t want to disclose it publicly for any reason you can mail me. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:35, 29 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Here is my user rights screen in en.wikipedia.org. https://tinyurl . com/ykxumuxm. I can&#039;t reveal my username because Wiki people keep an eye on everywhere. I find it risky. You can give me the rights for a temporary period and see the work or you may wait. Whatever it is, I am feeling excited about this project. The opportunities are endless. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 17:14, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::That is totally fine if you don&#039;t want to disclose it publicly. Can you attach an email id to your account here so I can share some details? Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:06, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::That sounds good. I did that. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 01:03, 31 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== User Rights ==&lt;br /&gt;
Hey there, I just saw you changed my user rights to confirmed and later again removed that. I would request you to kindly update my user rights to confirmed. Thank you -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 16:08, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{u|Plts}}, you already have confirmed status. Please verify it by visiting [[Special:UserRights]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 18:12, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kingfisher&amp;diff=89719</id>
		<title>User:Kingfisher</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kingfisher&amp;diff=89719"/>
		<updated>2021-05-30T11:45:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Kingfisher can either be a bird, a beer, or a bot! Use your wisdom to identify me.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=89708</id>
		<title>User talk:WikiDwarf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=89708"/>
		<updated>2021-05-30T11:44:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: /* Review Timeline */ r&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{User talk}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Issue with Notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello and welcome to Bharatpedia, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Spamming ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Admin&#039;s Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== The Reviewer Barnstar ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Reviewer Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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== How to submit the article ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I have created the article help me in submitting the article &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Wikipedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it&#039;s ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Sure thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Have edited &amp;amp; summited the draft..&lt;br /&gt;
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How to disclose the paid contribution?&lt;br /&gt;
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== Review of article ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Article creation ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, why can&#039;t I create new page about person? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 16:24, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{re|Rehan}} and welcome! As I can see your account hasn&#039;t reached the [[Wikipedia:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] level yet so you won&#039;t be able to create a page in the main namespace, but you can create an article in the draft namespace using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|article wizard]] and submit it for a review by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:submit}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the top of the article once it&#039;s ready. Please see [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation]] for more and let me know if you need any help. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:48, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for your response. I have created the draft [[Draft:Syed_Falak]] now I need to add image. How can I add?&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, thank you so much for your help. I want to know are you an admin in this Wikipedia? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 01:19, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Rehan}} Hello Rehan, yes I&#039;m an admin here. Please let me know if you need any help. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:35, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello sir, i created a page can you approve? thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ajay Kumar|contribs]]) 18:47, 19 April 2021 (IST) (UTC)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} I have moved the page to main namespace after some improvements in sources and added some categories. The subject looks notable so please try to add some more sources. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:23, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you sir. I added more details with source. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:29, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
==A curious query==&lt;br /&gt;
Hello Wiki Dwarf! I am an old user in English Wikipedia. When I tried to log in here with the same account and password, it failed. Btw, my queries are: 1) Is this wikipedia a part of Wikimedia sister projects? 2) Sometimes, I found some articles, though not original of here (I mean they seems to be imported from the simple English wikipedia),   does this mean that all the articles are imported? 3) Can I create my user account here and at the same time, can I create original articles here? Though articles with similar names exist in the en wikipedia? &lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:04, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|47.29.19.238}} Hello there, Bharatpedia is an independent platform (please see [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer]]) so you won&#039;t be able to login using your Wikipedia account details, but you may create a new account under the same username. Account creation is not required in order to read or edit this site, but if you wish to create new articles you can sign up with a new account and can create articles on notable topics, no matter if the particular article exists on Wikipedia under the same or similar name. Some articles here are imported from Wikipedia and you may notice a disclosure at the end of each page such as [[Achappam]] and if you can&#039;t find such disclosure, you can add one by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{en-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of the article. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 00:36, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Finally, I read the article you cited. Next, 4) Is it mandatory for me to create my new user account here with the exactly same username from the wikipedia org? Next, 5) Do I need special permission to edit, create an article here? 6) Like wikipedia, can I perform edits here normally? 7) Can I import article from the wikipedia? For that, do I need special rights or powers here? I mean all these in good faith. And I have a strong desire to have my service here. [[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:59, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{re|47.29.19.238}} No it&#039;s not mandatory to create a new account with exactly the same user name on Wikipedia, it&#039;s your choice if you wish to keep both accounts under the same username. You don&#039;t need special user rights to edit pages on this site, but several actions including article creation in the main namespace are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. The use of the tool to import pages is only limited to admins, patrollers and extended-confirmed users, but a user without these rights can still import pages manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:17, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Talk back notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello brother! I have a talk back for you in my talk page. Besides, I want to know something from you. Is this wikipedia still have connection with Wikimedia Commons and translate wiki? I saw this very wikipedia supports some Manipuri language technical version. Next, does this wikipedia also have multiple language wiki versions? SonOfZeus 10:48, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|SonOfZeus}} Hello and welcome! this is an independent platform unrelated to the Wikimedia Foundation and is currently only available in the English language. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Brother! Can I create my sandbox here in this wiki too? And, where shall I see the number of articles of this wiki? And, about the list of active users, if I want to see! And lastly, does this wiki also follow the INDIC SCRIPT policy of English wikipedia?  SonOfZeus 18:46, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::And, another thing, can I create a draft page and how should I start that?  SonOfZeus 18:49, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Yes you can experience in your sandbox. The number of articles you can see on the main page and unfortunately the list of active users is only limited to sysops. To create a draft you can visit [[Wikipedia:Article wizard]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:12, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::And lastly, does Indic script policy also apply here? SonOfZeus 18:29, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, you can use the Indic script in the lead and infobox to address the name of the subject. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:30, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Thank you. SonOfZeus 20:55, 11 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Hello WikiDwarf, I don&#039;t find any user with your name in English wikipedia. Are you there in English wikipedia? If yes, may I know what is your username there? If that affects your privacy, then I am sorry. Else, please tell me. &lt;br /&gt;
::And another thing, can I request you for importing articles from wikipedia? SonOfZeus 12:30, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Sure you can list the articles [[Wikipedia:Requested articles|on this page]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:40, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::But sir, I don&#039;t find any link to go to any particular page where I can write the name of the article which I want to request for import.(1) Could you please show me the link for the page where I could write the request? (2) At the same, if I could personally request you at your talk page, please import [[Meitei deities]] and [[List of figures in Meitei mythology]] from simple English Wikipedia. SonOfZeus 11:57, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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::::::Thank you for pointing it out. I have created a button that will take you to the request page and also imported the two pages you requested above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:50, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: But sir, (1) [[Meitei deities]] is a redirect page of another page. The main page is not imported yet from Simple English Wikipedia. (2) How many articles can I request at a time? Is there any limitation of number of articles at a single request? (3) If something gets changed in the article at general wikipedia, will it&#039;s imported equivalent article in this wikipedia get affected? For example, an article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; has been deleted in general wiki, what about its equivalent article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; in this wiki? SonOfZeus 10:55, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I have imported its corresponding article please see [[List of Meitei gods and goddesses]]. You can request as many articles as you wish as there is no limit. If an article is changed or deleted on Wikipedia it will not automatically affect its copy on Bharatpedia so one need to update the particular article manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:02, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Thank you sir. And, one thing is that can a page be created or imported by anonymous users? I saw [[Irai Leima]] being imported by an anonymous. Is that a vandalism? As you are a check user also, what do you see. Who&#039;s that? SonOfZeus 13:27, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, that article was imported using the tool by an admin and the most recent revision was included so that&#039;s the reason [[Irai Leima]] looks like created/imported by anon. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:06, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::I have imported all the articles as per your request at [[Wikipedia:Requested articles/requests]], please place &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{simple-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of each article to avoid copyright issue. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:32, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Sure, sir! I will do as soon as possible. Thanks! I have more request in the page. Please import those too. SonOfZeus 15:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for those import! And one thing, (1) I am trying my best to put the &amp;quot;simple English wikipedia template &amp;quot; at the bottom of every imported article. But if I missed some, will there be assured chance of facing copyright issues? (2) In case of edits performed by myself in the general wikipedia, can I directly copy and paste those here? SonOfZeus 20:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(3) The page [[Khamba Thoibi]] has a very important long infobox and some wiki tables in the [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] (general English wikipedia). Can we import those partially here? SonOfZeus 20:10, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I don&#039;t see any issue if you wish to directly copy and paste your edits from Wikipedia, but it still needs a disclosure at the end of the page. I have imported the contents from [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] into [[Khamba Thoibi]] please let me know if there is anything else I can do. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:35, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Hello brother! (1) In the main page of the Bharatpedia, some names of religions are given. Could you add [[Sanamahism]] also? SonOfZeus 22:37, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(2) Please create infobox religion. (3) Please create Template:Lang-zh_TW (language template for traditional Chinese) and Template:Lang-zh_CN (language template for simplified Chinese). SonOfZeus 23:46, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Please use [[:Template:Infobox religious group]] instead of Infobox religion and for the traditional Chinese, please use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|t=中國}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|s=中国}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; for simplified Chinese. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Sir! (1) I have new import request. Please see. (2) I have more than 500 edits. So, I think I am extended confirmed user now. Could you please grant me the right of importer to me? What special steps are needed for importing? If possible, please teach me. SonOfZeus 20:16, 18 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Your account has not yet reached the extendedconfirmed level. A registered editor becomes extendedconfirmed automatically when the account is both at least 30 days old and has made at least 500 edits (including deleted edits) so, I will take a look at the list and import as much as possible. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:30, 21 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Issue in Reviewing ==&lt;br /&gt;
([[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]]) Hello editor, I&#039;m New user of Bharatpedia.My published two articles are still in review. will you please explain me review submission process please ? &amp;amp; when my articles will be reviewed ?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Revert Rights ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] hello,i had requested you to tell me about how to submit article drafts in afc after 10+ edits but someone demotes my user right will you please revert it...because of this my direct page move option is not appearing please do promote me again so i can move page.Thank You.Waiting For Your Response(-[[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]] ([[User talk:Pixerark|talk]]) 22:16, 14 May 2021 (IST))&lt;br /&gt;
:Please see my reply on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:36, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Index ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi, I created page many days ago and it is still not visible in Google search results. Please review [[Reza Abbaszadeh]] page and index it. Thank you! [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 22:49, 17 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hello sir, I created a page can you please approve? thanks&lt;br /&gt;
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== Review Timeline ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}, I am planning to introduce a good amount of fashion and film people articles to this place. I have auto petrol rights in English Wikipedia so I know what I am doing. I just want to know, what are the indexing/review timelines here. This is just for a better understanding of the process. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 14:50, 29 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{re|Kingfisher}} and thank you for your interest. First of all, there is no fixed timeline for the review process since we have very few reviewers at the moment. Secondly, I will be glad to grant you the same user right(s) that you have on Wikipedia if you can share the details for verification purpose. If you don&#039;t want to disclose it publicly for any reason you can mail me. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:35, 29 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Here is my user rights screen in en.wikipedia.org. https://tinyurl . com/ykxumuxm. I can&#039;t reveal my username because Wiki people keep an eye on everywhere. I find it risky. You can give me the rights for a temporary period and see the work or you may wait. Whatever it is, I am feeling excited about this project. The opportunities are endless. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 17:14, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== User Rights ==&lt;br /&gt;
Hey there, I just saw you changed my user rights to confirmed and later again removed that. I would request you to kindly update my user rights to confirmed. Thank you -- [[User:Plts|Plts]] ([[User talk:Plts|talk]]) 16:08, 30 May 2021 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kingfisher&amp;diff=83105</id>
		<title>User:Kingfisher</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Kingfisher&amp;diff=83105"/>
		<updated>2021-05-29T09:31:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;quot;Kingfisher can either be a bird, a beer, or a bot! Use your wisdom to identify what me.&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Kingfisher can either be a bird, a beer, or a bot! Use your wisdom to identify what me.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=83104</id>
		<title>User talk:WikiDwarf</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:WikiDwarf&amp;diff=83104"/>
		<updated>2021-05-29T09:20:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: /* Review Timeline */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{User talk}}&lt;br /&gt;
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== Issue with Notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi, I have joined wikipedia India just today. I noticed some buggy notice coming up in misaligned manner. Just wanted to let you know about this. I can appreciate the initiative and I found only you to be doing most of the administrative works as of now here, so thought to drop a message. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 15:51, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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:Hello and welcome to Bharatpedia, can you be more specific what buggy notice coming up so I can look up at? Thanks for notifying and happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:12, 22 September 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Spamming ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I found a number of new users using their user space for link spamming. So I reverted those. Hope it was fine to do so. Please let me know if it is otherwise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | [[File:Admin Barnstar.png|100px]]&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Admin&#039;s Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | You are doing a great work. Keep going. [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:34, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
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== The Reviewer Barnstar ==&lt;br /&gt;
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{| style=&amp;quot;border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #fdffe7;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:middle;&amp;quot; | {{#ifeq:{{{2}}}|alt|[[File:Reviewer Barnstar Hires.png|100px]]|[[File:Barnstar-RTFM.png|100px]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
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|style=&amp;quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: middle; height: 1.1em;&amp;quot; | &#039;&#039;&#039;The Reviewer Barnstar&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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|style=&amp;quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&amp;quot; | Thanks for review [[User:Kannadaguy|Kannadaguy]] ([[User talk:Kannadaguy|talk]]) 17:42, 6 October 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== How to submit the article ==&lt;br /&gt;
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I have created the article help me in submitting the article &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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:{{re|Digitalpivot30}} Hello and welcome, please start a new page in the [[Wikipedia:Drafts#Creating and editing drafts|draft namespace]] and once it&#039;s ready for the mainspace please submit it for a review by placing the {{tl|submit}} template at the top of the page. Thanks - [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:12, 27 November 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Sure thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Digitalpivot30|Digitalpivot30]] ([[User talk:Digitalpivot30#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Digitalpivot30|contribs]]) &amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Have edited &amp;amp; summited the draft..&lt;br /&gt;
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How to disclose the paid contribution?&lt;br /&gt;
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== Review of article ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hello, can you please review my article [[Shalkal]] and delete the page [[Draft:Shalkal Carty]]. --[[User:Guy|Guy]] ([[User talk:Guy|talk]]) 22:07, 3 December 2020 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Thanks for creating article of Mukesh Ambani bomb scare case ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Thank you. [[User:Subhash Rama|Subhash Rama]] ([[User talk:Subhash Rama|talk]]) 11:15, 22 March 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Article creation ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi, why can&#039;t I create new page about person? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 16:24, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:Hello {{re|Rehan}} and welcome! As I can see your account hasn&#039;t reached the [[Wikipedia:Autoconfirmed users|autoconfirmed]] level yet so you won&#039;t be able to create a page in the main namespace, but you can create an article in the draft namespace using the [[Wikipedia:Article wizard|article wizard]] and submit it for a review by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{subst:submit}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the top of the article once it&#039;s ready. Please see [[Wikipedia:Articles for creation]] for more and let me know if you need any help. Happy editing. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 16:48, 10 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for your response. I have created the draft [[Draft:Syed_Falak]] now I need to add image. How can I add?&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 17:12, 10 April 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Question ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi, thank you so much for your help. I want to know are you an admin in this Wikipedia? [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 01:19, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Rehan}} Hello Rehan, yes I&#039;m an admin here. Please let me know if you need any help. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 08:35, 13 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hello sir, i created a page can you approve? thanks &amp;lt;!-- Template:Unsigned --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span class=&amp;quot;autosigned&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:85%;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;—&amp;amp;nbsp;Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar#top|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ajay Kumar|contribs]]) 18:47, 19 April 2021 (IST) (UTC)&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|Ajay Kumar}} I have moved the page to main namespace after some improvements in sources and added some categories. The subject looks notable so please try to add some more sources. Happy editing, [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:23, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you sir. I added more details with source. [[User:Ajay Kumar|Ajay Kumar]] ([[User talk:Ajay Kumar|talk]]) 19:29, 19 April 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
==A curious query==&lt;br /&gt;
Hello Wiki Dwarf! I am an old user in English Wikipedia. When I tried to log in here with the same account and password, it failed. Btw, my queries are: 1) Is this wikipedia a part of Wikimedia sister projects? 2) Sometimes, I found some articles, though not original of here (I mean they seems to be imported from the simple English wikipedia),   does this mean that all the articles are imported? 3) Can I create my user account here and at the same time, can I create original articles here? Though articles with similar names exist in the en wikipedia? &lt;br /&gt;
[[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:04, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:{{re|47.29.19.238}} Hello there, Bharatpedia is an independent platform (please see [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer]]) so you won&#039;t be able to login using your Wikipedia account details, but you may create a new account under the same username. Account creation is not required in order to read or edit this site, but if you wish to create new articles you can sign up with a new account and can create articles on notable topics, no matter if the particular article exists on Wikipedia under the same or similar name. Some articles here are imported from Wikipedia and you may notice a disclosure at the end of each page such as [[Achappam]] and if you can&#039;t find such disclosure, you can add one by placing &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{en-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of the article. Thank you. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 00:36, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Finally, I read the article you cited. Next, 4) Is it mandatory for me to create my new user account here with the exactly same username from the wikipedia org? Next, 5) Do I need special permission to edit, create an article here? 6) Like wikipedia, can I perform edits here normally? 7) Can I import article from the wikipedia? For that, do I need special rights or powers here? I mean all these in good faith. And I have a strong desire to have my service here. [[Special:Contributions/47.29.19.238|47.29.19.238]] ([[User talk:47.29.19.238|talk]]) 00:59, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{re|47.29.19.238}} No it&#039;s not mandatory to create a new account with exactly the same user name on Wikipedia, it&#039;s your choice if you wish to keep both accounts under the same username. You don&#039;t need special user rights to edit pages on this site, but several actions including article creation in the main namespace are restricted to user accounts that are at least 4 days old and have made at least 10 edits. The use of the tool to import pages is only limited to admins, patrollers and extended-confirmed users, but a user without these rights can still import pages manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:17, 8 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Talk back notice ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hello brother! I have a talk back for you in my talk page. Besides, I want to know something from you. Is this wikipedia still have connection with Wikimedia Commons and translate wiki? I saw this very wikipedia supports some Manipuri language technical version. Next, does this wikipedia also have multiple language wiki versions? SonOfZeus 10:48, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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:{{re|SonOfZeus}} Hello and welcome! this is an independent platform unrelated to the Wikimedia Foundation and is currently only available in the English language. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:54, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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::Brother! Can I create my sandbox here in this wiki too? And, where shall I see the number of articles of this wiki? And, about the list of active users, if I want to see! And lastly, does this wiki also follow the INDIC SCRIPT policy of English wikipedia?  SonOfZeus 18:46, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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::And, another thing, can I create a draft page and how should I start that?  SonOfZeus 18:49, 9 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Yes you can experience in your sandbox. The number of articles you can see on the main page and unfortunately the list of active users is only limited to sysops. To create a draft you can visit [[Wikipedia:Article wizard]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 10:12, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::And lastly, does Indic script policy also apply here? SonOfZeus 18:29, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, you can use the Indic script in the lead and infobox to address the name of the subject. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:30, 10 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Thank you. SonOfZeus 20:55, 11 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Hello WikiDwarf, I don&#039;t find any user with your name in English wikipedia. Are you there in English wikipedia? If yes, may I know what is your username there? If that affects your privacy, then I am sorry. Else, please tell me. &lt;br /&gt;
::And another thing, can I request you for importing articles from wikipedia? SonOfZeus 12:30, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Sure you can list the articles [[Wikipedia:Requested articles|on this page]]. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:40, 12 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::But sir, I don&#039;t find any link to go to any particular page where I can write the name of the article which I want to request for import.(1) Could you please show me the link for the page where I could write the request? (2) At the same, if I could personally request you at your talk page, please import [[Meitei deities]] and [[List of figures in Meitei mythology]] from simple English Wikipedia. SonOfZeus 11:57, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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::::::Thank you for pointing it out. I have created a button that will take you to the request page and also imported the two pages you requested above. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 19:50, 13 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: But sir, (1) [[Meitei deities]] is a redirect page of another page. The main page is not imported yet from Simple English Wikipedia. (2) How many articles can I request at a time? Is there any limitation of number of articles at a single request? (3) If something gets changed in the article at general wikipedia, will it&#039;s imported equivalent article in this wikipedia get affected? For example, an article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; has been deleted in general wiki, what about its equivalent article &amp;quot;x&amp;quot; in this wiki? SonOfZeus 10:55, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I have imported its corresponding article please see [[List of Meitei gods and goddesses]]. You can request as many articles as you wish as there is no limit. If an article is changed or deleted on Wikipedia it will not automatically affect its copy on Bharatpedia so one need to update the particular article manually. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 12:02, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::: Thank you sir. And, one thing is that can a page be created or imported by anonymous users? I saw [[Irai Leima]] being imported by an anonymous. Is that a vandalism? As you are a check user also, what do you see. Who&#039;s that? SonOfZeus 13:27, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::No, that article was imported using the tool by an admin and the most recent revision was included so that&#039;s the reason [[Irai Leima]] looks like created/imported by anon. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:06, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::I have imported all the articles as per your request at [[Wikipedia:Requested articles/requests]], please place &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{simple-Wikipedia}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; at the end of each article to avoid copyright issue. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 14:32, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::::Sure, sir! I will do as soon as possible. Thanks! I have more request in the page. Please import those too. SonOfZeus 15:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::Thanks for those import! And one thing, (1) I am trying my best to put the &amp;quot;simple English wikipedia template &amp;quot; at the bottom of every imported article. But if I missed some, will there be assured chance of facing copyright issues? (2) In case of edits performed by myself in the general wikipedia, can I directly copy and paste those here? SonOfZeus 20:08, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(3) The page [[Khamba Thoibi]] has a very important long infobox and some wiki tables in the [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] (general English wikipedia). Can we import those partially here? SonOfZeus 20:10, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::I don&#039;t see any issue if you wish to directly copy and paste your edits from Wikipedia, but it still needs a disclosure at the end of the page. I have imported the contents from [[:en:Khamba Thoibi]] into [[Khamba Thoibi]] please let me know if there is anything else I can do. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:35, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:: Hello brother! (1) In the main page of the Bharatpedia, some names of religions are given. Could you add [[Sanamahism]] also? SonOfZeus 22:37, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Done. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::(2) Please create infobox religion. (3) Please create Template:Lang-zh_TW (language template for traditional Chinese) and Template:Lang-zh_CN (language template for simplified Chinese). SonOfZeus 23:46, 15 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::Please use [[:Template:Infobox religious group]] instead of Infobox religion and for the traditional Chinese, please use &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|t=中國}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; and &amp;lt;code&amp;gt;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;{{Lang-zh|s=中国}}&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/code&amp;gt; for simplified Chinese. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 01:47, 16 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
::::{{Ping|WikiDwarf}} Sir! (1) I have new import request. Please see. (2) I have more than 500 edits. So, I think I am extended confirmed user now. Could you please grant me the right of importer to me? What special steps are needed for importing? If possible, please teach me. SonOfZeus 20:16, 18 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
:::::Your account has not yet reached the extendedconfirmed level. A registered editor becomes extendedconfirmed automatically when the account is both at least 30 days old and has made at least 500 edits (including deleted edits) so, I will take a look at the list and import as much as possible. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 15:30, 21 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Issue in Reviewing ==&lt;br /&gt;
([[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]]) Hello editor, I&#039;m New user of Bharatpedia.My published two articles are still in review. will you please explain me review submission process please ? &amp;amp; when my articles will be reviewed ?&lt;br /&gt;
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== Revert Rights ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] hello,i had requested you to tell me about how to submit article drafts in afc after 10+ edits but someone demotes my user right will you please revert it...because of this my direct page move option is not appearing please do promote me again so i can move page.Thank You.Waiting For Your Response(-[[User:Pixerark|Pixerark]] ([[User talk:Pixerark|talk]]) 22:16, 14 May 2021 (IST))&lt;br /&gt;
:Please see my reply on your talk page. [[User:WikiDwarf|WikiDwarf]] ([[User talk:WikiDwarf#top|talk]]) 23:36, 14 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Index ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi, I created page many days ago and it is still not visible in Google search results. Please review [[Reza Abbaszadeh]] page and index it. Thank you! [[User:Rehan|Rehan]] ([[User talk:Rehan|talk]]) 22:49, 17 May 2021 (IST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Please approve my page ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hello sir, I created a page can you please approve? thanks&lt;br /&gt;
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== Review Timeline ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Hi {{u|WikiDwarf}}, I am planning to introduce a good amount of fashion and film people articles to this place. I have auto petrol rights in English Wikipedia so I know what I am doing. I just want to know, what are the indexing/review timelines here. This is just for a better understanding of the process. [[User:Kingfisher|Kingfisher]] ([[User talk:Kingfisher|talk]]) 14:50, 29 May 2021 (IST)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aga_Wojtasik&amp;diff=83060</id>
		<title>Aga Wojtasik</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aga_Wojtasik&amp;diff=83060"/>
		<updated>2021-05-28T17:34:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Aga Wojtasik&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (Bialystok, Poland; August 30, 1997) is a Polish model and designer.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Aga Wojtasik - LA Model Management|...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Aga Wojtasik&#039;&#039;&#039; ([[Bialystok]], [[Poland]]; August 30, 1997) is a Polish model and designer.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Aga Wojtasik - LA Model Management|url=http://www.lamodels.com/AgaWojtasik|date=8 June 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; As a model, she has worked on catwalks for brands such as Comme des Garçons, Armani, Dolce &amp;amp; Gabbana, French Connection, Calvin Klein, Givenchy, and Balenciaga.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-28|title=Q&amp;amp;A with Model Aga Wojtasik|url=https://gothammag.com/q-and-a-with-model-aga-wojtasik|date=8 June 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lamodels.com/AgaWojtasik|title=LA MODELS|access-date=2021-03-09|website=www.lamodels.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.maxim.com/women/five-models-using-female-empowerment-in-fashion-2020-3|title=Meet 6 Models Using Female Empowerment in Fashion|access-date=2021-05-28}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Wojtasik is currently ranked #30 on models.com Top 50.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://models.com/model_culture/50topmodels/top50.cfm?model_id=2148#2148 Top 50 Models (Ranked #30)]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriksen_Dickens&amp;diff=82932</id>
		<title>Eriksen Dickens</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriksen_Dickens&amp;diff=82932"/>
		<updated>2021-05-27T11:27:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name          = Eriksen Dickens&lt;br /&gt;
| image         = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size           = &lt;br /&gt;
| caption       = &lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name    = &amp;lt;!-- only use if different from name --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1995|04|07}}&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place   = Oakdale, [[United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality   = American&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation    = Actor&lt;br /&gt;
| years_active  = 2016-present&lt;br /&gt;
| known_for     = Two Magic Drops&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Eriksen Dickens&#039;&#039;&#039; (born 7 April 1995) is an actor and filmmaker from [[Oakdale]], California. He directed the film [[Two Magic Drops]] in 2020 which selected 8 international film festivals and won three of them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=Platinum Peek’s Eriksen and Soren Dickens carve out space in the Digital Marketing Industry|url=https://www.americadailypost.com/platinum-peeks-eriksen-and-soren-dickens-carve-out-space-in-the-digital-marketing-industry/|date=18 November 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== Early Life == &lt;br /&gt;
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Dickens was born and brought up in the cowboy capital city, Oakdale, [[California]], United States. His father who was a teacher and baseball coach, died when he was 14 from cancer. His mother also fought cancer twice and a survivor. He has a younger brother, [[Soren Dickens]] who is a writer and director. He has done a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy from Cal Poly State University in 2017 and a Masters of Arts in Clinical Psychology from Pepperdine University in 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
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== Career ==&lt;br /&gt;
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Dickens started [[Platinum Peek Productions]] with his brother Soren Dickens, out of their dorm room at Cal Poly in 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=Dickens Brothers Spotlight The Mustang Way Of Life|url=https://www.oakdaleleader.com/news/local-news/dickens-brothers-spotlight-the-mustang-way-of-life/|date=26 October 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Platinum Peek is a digital storytelling agency specializing in revenue-generating advertisements and branding content. He wrote a book named [[The Orchard&#039;s Offspring]] in 2018, which was well-received. In the year 2020, Eriksen Dickens achieved fame with the film, Two Magic Drops – a short documentary written and directed with Soren Dickens - based on the involvement of Rotary International in India in providing polio vaccinations to the children of the country. It has been selected to 8 international film festivals while won awards at 3 of them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=From Dorm Rooms to Film Festivals, Cal Poly Alumni, Eriksen and Soren Dickens, Travel All Over Doing What They Love|url=https://businessdeccan.com/from-dorm-rooms-to-film-festivals-cal-poly-alumni-eriksen-and-soren-dickens-travel-all-over-doing-what-they-love/|date=18 November 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriksen_Dickens&amp;diff=82927</id>
		<title>Eriksen Dickens</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eriksen_Dickens&amp;diff=82927"/>
		<updated>2021-05-27T11:08:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Eriksen Dickens&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (born 7 April 1995) is an actor and filmmaker from Oakdale, California. He directed the film Two Magic Drops in 2020 which selected 8 internation...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Eriksen Dickens&#039;&#039;&#039; (born 7 April 1995) is an actor and filmmaker from [[Oakdale]], California. He directed the film [[Two Magic Drops]] in 2020 which selected 8 international film festivals and won three of them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=Platinum Peek’s Eriksen and Soren Dickens carve out space in the Digital Marketing Industry|url=https://www.americadailypost.com/platinum-peeks-eriksen-and-soren-dickens-carve-out-space-in-the-digital-marketing-industry/|date=18 November 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Early Life == &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dickens was born and brought up in the cowboy capital city, Oakdale, [[California]], United States. His father who was a teacher and baseball coach, died when he was 14 from cancer. His mother also fought cancer twice and a survivor. He has a younger brother, [[Soren Dickens]] who is a writer and director. He has done a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy from Cal Poly State University in 2017 and a Masters of Arts in Clinical Psychology from Pepperdine University in 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Career ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dickens started [[Platinum Peek Productions]] with his brother Soren Dickens, out of their dorm room at Cal Poly in 2016.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=Dickens Brothers Spotlight The Mustang Way Of Life|url=https://www.oakdaleleader.com/news/local-news/dickens-brothers-spotlight-the-mustang-way-of-life/|date=26 October 2016}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Platinum Peek is a digital storytelling agency specializing in revenue-generating advertisements and branding content. He wrote a book named [[The Orchard&#039;s Offspring]] in 2018, which was well-received. In the year 2020, Eriksen Dickens achieved fame with the film, Two Magic Drops – a short documentary written and directed with Soren Dickens - based on the involvement of Rotary International in India in providing polio vaccinations to the children of the country. It has been selected to 8 international film festivals while won awards at 3 of them.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|access-date=2021-05-27|title=From Dorm Rooms to Film Festivals, Cal Poly Alumni, Eriksen and Soren Dickens, Travel All Over Doing What They Love|url=https://businessdeccan.com/from-dorm-rooms-to-film-festivals-cal-poly-alumni-eriksen-and-soren-dickens-travel-all-over-doing-what-they-love/|date=18 November 2020}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82809</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82809"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:54:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 hindi film written and directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
*Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
*Jhanvi Dwivedi&lt;br /&gt;
*Jayant Gadekar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82808</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82808"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:53:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 film written and directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
*Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
*Jhanvi Dwivedi&lt;br /&gt;
*Jayant Gadekar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82806</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82806"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:52:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 film directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
*Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
*Jhanvi Dwivedi&lt;br /&gt;
*Jayant Gadekar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82805</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82805"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:52:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 film directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
*Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
Jhanvi Dwivedi&lt;br /&gt;
Jayant Gadekar&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82804</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82804"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:51:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 film directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
*Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
*Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
*Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82803</id>
		<title>Autohead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autohead&amp;diff=82803"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:51:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: cast&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Autohead&#039;&#039;&#039; is a 2016 film directed by [[Rohit Mittal]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5513098/|title=Autohead|date=26 March 2016|publisher=|via=www.imdb.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/autohead-movie-rohit-mittal-netflix-deepak-sampat/1/847438.html|title=Autohead movie review: Waltzing with a psychopath|date=2 January 2017|website=India Today}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/autohead-filmart-hong-kong-review-875710|title=&#039;Autohead&#039;: Filmart/Hong Kong Review|work=Hollywood Reporter | date=15 March 2016 | first=Clarence | last=Tsui | accessdate=6 January 2019}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/we-live-in-a-sexually-repressed-society-says-autohead-director-rohit-mittal-2980663/|title=We live in a sexually repressed society, says Autohead director Rohit Mittal|date=17 August 2016|website=indianexpress.com}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cast ==&lt;br /&gt;
Adamya&lt;br /&gt;
Sunny Banerjee&lt;br /&gt;
Ronjini Chakraborty&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2016 films]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010s Hindi-language films]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{2010s-Hindi-film-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamkani&amp;diff=82802</id>
		<title>Lamkani</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamkani&amp;diff=82802"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:48:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox settlement&lt;br /&gt;
| name                    = Lamkani&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name             = &lt;br /&gt;
| native_name_lang        = &lt;br /&gt;
| settlement_type         = Village&lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map             = &lt;br /&gt;
| pushpin_map_caption     = &lt;br /&gt;
| coordinates             = &lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type        = Country&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name        = [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type1       = [[States and territories of India|State]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name1       = [[Maharashtra]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type2       = [[List of districts of India|District]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name2       = [[Dhule]]&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_type3       = Tehsil&lt;br /&gt;
| subdivision_name3       = &lt;br /&gt;
| government_type         = [[Panchayati raj (India)|Panchayat raj]]&lt;br /&gt;
| governing_body          = [[Gram panchayat]]&lt;br /&gt;
| unit_pref               = Metric&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- for references: use &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;tags --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| elevation_m             = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_as_of        = 2009&lt;br /&gt;
| population_blank1_title = Total Households&lt;br /&gt;
| population_blank1       = 1399&lt;br /&gt;
| population_blank2_title = Village code&lt;br /&gt;
| population_blank2       = 526465&lt;br /&gt;
| population_footnotes    =&lt;br /&gt;
| population_total        = 6981&lt;br /&gt;
| population_density_km2  = auto&lt;br /&gt;
| population_note         = &lt;br /&gt;
| population_demonym      = &lt;br /&gt;
| demographics_type1      = Languages&lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_title1    = Official&lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_info1     = Marathi&lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_title2    = &lt;br /&gt;
| demographics1_info2     = &lt;br /&gt;
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]&lt;br /&gt;
| utc_offset1             = +5:30&lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code_type        = &lt;br /&gt;
| postal_code             = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_total_ha           = 2529.42&lt;br /&gt;
| area_code_type          = &lt;br /&gt;
| area_code               = &lt;br /&gt;
| registration_plate      = &lt;br /&gt;
| iso_code                = IN-MH&lt;br /&gt;
| blank1_name_sec2        = &lt;br /&gt;
| blank1_info_sec2        = &lt;br /&gt;
| website                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes               =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Lamkani&#039;&#039;&#039; is a village in [[Dhule district]] of [[Maharashtra]] [[States and territories of India|State]], India. It is located {{convert|42|km}} from sub district headquarter and {{convert|42|km}} from district headquarter. The village is [[Administration (government)|administrated]] by [[Sarpanch]] an elected representative of the village as per [[Panchayati raj (India)]]. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;census&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web | url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_Village_Release_2700.xlsx | title=District Census Hand Book | work=indiapost.gov.in}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Demography ==&lt;br /&gt;
As of 2009, the village has a total number of 1399 houses and a population of 6981 of which 3649 are males while 3332 are females. According to the report [[published]] by [[Census India]] in 2011, out of the total population of the village 380 people are from [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes|Schedule Caste]] and 1171 are from Schedule Tribes Caste.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;census&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[List of villages in India]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Villages in Dhule district]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{geo-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukku_Raju&amp;diff=82801</id>
		<title>Mukku Raju</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukku_Raju&amp;diff=82801"/>
		<updated>2021-05-24T17:46:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Orphan|date=February 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| image                   =&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize               = 150px&lt;br /&gt;
| name                    = Mukku Raju&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name              = Saagiraju Rajamraju&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date              =1930 or 1931&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place              = Cherukuwada, [[Undi]], Andhra Pradesh&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date              = 31 July 2014 (aged 83)&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place             = &lt;br /&gt;
| othername               =&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation              = Choreographer, Actor&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality             = Indian&lt;br /&gt;
| yearsactive             = 1984-2014&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse                  =&lt;br /&gt;
| partner                 =&lt;br /&gt;
| children                = 3&lt;br /&gt;
| parents                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| influences              =&lt;br /&gt;
| influenced              =&lt;br /&gt;
| website                 =&lt;br /&gt;
| awards                  = [[Nandi Award]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mukku Raju&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{lang-te|ముక్కు రాజు}}) (born &#039;&#039;&#039;Sagiraju Rajamraju&#039;&#039;&#039;) (died July 31, 2014) was a [[Telugu language|Tollywood]] film actor. He started his career as choreographer but ended as an actor and has acted in over 1000 movies.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title = Actor Mukku Raju passes away |url = http://www.indiaglitz.com/Actor-mukku-raju-passes-away-telugu-news-111183|newspaper = indiaglitz |date =  July 31, 2014|accessdate = July 31, 2014 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He got [[Nandi Award]] for Best Character Actor in 2008 for his movie &#039;&#039;[[1940 Lo Oka Gramam]]&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hindu&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |title = &#039;1940 lo oka gramam&#039; release soon |url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/19/stories/2010021950760200.htm |newspaper = [[The Hindu]] |date = February 19, 2010 |accessdate = September 29, 2010 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5t6aeGreP?url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/19/stories/2010021950760200.htm |archivedate = September 29, 2010 |url-status = live }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Raju died at the age of 83 after a short illness. His funeral took place at Cherukuvada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, Mukku}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1930s births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2014 deaths]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian movie actors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{actor-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Institute_of_Higher_Technology&amp;diff=82683</id>
		<title>Anand Institute of Higher Technology</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Institute_of_Higher_Technology&amp;diff=82683"/>
		<updated>2021-05-22T10:48:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: link not needed&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2019}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{unreferenced|date=March 2012}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox university&lt;br /&gt;
| name              = Anand Institute of Higher Technology&lt;br /&gt;
| native_name       = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_name        = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_size        = &lt;br /&gt;
| image_alt         = &lt;br /&gt;
| latin_name        = &lt;br /&gt;
| motto             = &lt;br /&gt;
| mottoeng          = &lt;br /&gt;
| established       = 2000&lt;br /&gt;
| closed            = &lt;br /&gt;
| type              = &lt;br /&gt;
| affiliation       = &lt;br /&gt;
| endowment         = &lt;br /&gt;
| budget            = &lt;br /&gt;
| officer_in_charge = &lt;br /&gt;
| chairman          = Dr.K.Sridharan&lt;br /&gt;
| chancellor        = &lt;br /&gt;
| president         = &lt;br /&gt;
| vice-president    = &lt;br /&gt;
| superintendent    = &lt;br /&gt;
| provost           = &lt;br /&gt;
| vice_chancellor   = &lt;br /&gt;
| rector            = &lt;br /&gt;
| principal         = Dr.P.Suresh mohan kumar&lt;br /&gt;
| dean              = &lt;br /&gt;
| director          = Dr.S.Arivalagi&lt;br /&gt;
| head_label        = &lt;br /&gt;
| head              = &lt;br /&gt;
| academic_staff    = &lt;br /&gt;
| administrative_staff  = &lt;br /&gt;
| students          = &lt;br /&gt;
| undergrad         = &lt;br /&gt;
| postgrad          = &lt;br /&gt;
| doctoral          = &lt;br /&gt;
| other             = &lt;br /&gt;
| city              = [[Chennai]]&lt;br /&gt;
| state             = [[Tamil nadu]]&lt;br /&gt;
| province          = &lt;br /&gt;
| country           = [[India]]&lt;br /&gt;
| coor              = {{coord|12.81824|80.228509|display=inline,title}}&lt;br /&gt;
| campus            = &lt;br /&gt;
| former_names      = &lt;br /&gt;
| free_label        = &lt;br /&gt;
| free              = &lt;br /&gt;
| colors            = &lt;br /&gt;
| colours           = &lt;br /&gt;
| athletics         = &lt;br /&gt;
| sports            = &lt;br /&gt;
| nickname          = &lt;br /&gt;
| mascot            = &lt;br /&gt;
| affiliations      = Anna University, Chennai.&lt;br /&gt;
| website           = &lt;br /&gt;
| logo              = &lt;br /&gt;
| footnotes         = &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Anand Institute of Higher Technology&#039;&#039;&#039; is a College of Engineering that is located in Kelambakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.&lt;br /&gt;
Anand Institute Of Higher Technology was founded by T.Kalasalingam. It is a sister institution of Kalasalingam University, Krishnankovil. The Institute is named after the wife of T. Kalasalingam, Mrs. K. Anandham Ammal. There are six departments, providing the courses of Bachelor of Engineering and in 2012–2013, Anand School of Architecture was found.   Hostel facilities are given separately for boys and girls. The transport facility must be availed which would be provided with the available 40 buses, reaching almost all the areas of Chennai.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The college has a Main Auditorium with a capacity of 1500 people and a mini auditorium, with 150 seats. Both Auditoriums are air - conditioned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*{{official website|http://www.aiht.ac.in/}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Education in Tamil Nadu}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Engineering colleges in Chennai]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Colleges affiliated to Anna University]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 2000]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2000 establishments in Tamil Nadu]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{TamilNadu-university-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukku_Raju&amp;diff=82682</id>
		<title>Mukku Raju</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://en.bharatpedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mukku_Raju&amp;diff=82682"/>
		<updated>2021-05-22T10:46:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Kingfisher: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Orphan|date=February 2021}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| image                   =&lt;br /&gt;
| imagesize               = 150px&lt;br /&gt;
| name                    = Mukku Raju&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_name              = Saagiraju Rajamraju&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date              =1930 or 1931&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place              = Cherukuwada, [[Undi]], Andhra Pradesh&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date              = 31 July 2014 (aged 83)&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place             = &lt;br /&gt;
| othername               =&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation              = Choreographer, Actor&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality             = Indian&lt;br /&gt;
| yearsactive             = 1984-2014&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse                  =&lt;br /&gt;
| partner                 =&lt;br /&gt;
| children                = 3&lt;br /&gt;
| parents                 = &lt;br /&gt;
| influences              =&lt;br /&gt;
| influenced              =&lt;br /&gt;
| website                 =&lt;br /&gt;
| awards                  = [[Nandi Award]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mukku Raju&#039;&#039;&#039; ({{lang-te|ముక్కు రాజు}}) (born &#039;&#039;&#039;Sagiraju Rajamraju&#039;&#039;&#039;) (died July 31, 2014) was a [[Telugu language|Tollywood]] movie actor. He started his career as choreographer but ended as an actor and has acted in over 1000 movies.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite web |title = Actor Mukku Raju passes away |url = http://www.indiaglitz.com/Actor-mukku-raju-passes-away-telugu-news-111183|newspaper = indiaglitz |date =  July 31, 2014|accessdate = July 31, 2014 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He got [[Nandi Award]] for Best Character Actor in 2008 for his movie &#039;&#039;[[1940 Lo Oka Gramam]]&#039;&#039;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hindu&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite news |title = &#039;1940 lo oka gramam&#039; release soon |url = http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/19/stories/2010021950760200.htm |newspaper = [[The Hindu]] |date = February 19, 2010 |accessdate = September 29, 2010 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/5t6aeGreP?url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/02/19/stories/2010021950760200.htm |archivedate = September 29, 2010 |url-status = live }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Raju died at the age of 83 after a short illness. His funeral took place at Cherukuvada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Raju, Mukku}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:1930s births]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2014 deaths]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Indian movie actors]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{actor-stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Kingfisher</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>