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Gondhal

2026-05-05T18:02:01Z

King42:

{{short description|Indian Marathi-language thriller film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2026}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Gondhal
| image = Gondhal film.jpg
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Santosh Davakhar]]
| writer = [[Santosh Davakhar]]
| screenplay = [[Santosh Davakhar]]
| story = [[Santosh Davakhar]]
| producer = [[Diksha Davakhar]] 
| starring = {{plainlist |
*[[Kishor Kadam]]
*Ishita Deshmukh
*Yogesh Sohoni
*Nishad Bhoir
}}
| cinematography = [[Amalendu Chaudhary]]
| editing = Ashish Mhatre
| music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Narayan |first=Kimaya |date=2025-09-28 |title=Marathi Movie : पद्मविभूषण इलैयाराजा यांच्या संगीताने सजलेला 'गोंधळ'; सिनेमाचं पोस्टर रिलीज |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/upcoming-marathi-movie-gondhal-movie-poster-out-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref>
| studio = Davakhar Films
| distributor = [[AA Films]] [[Custard Apple Pictures]]
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2025|11|14}}
| runtime = 120 minutes
| country = India
| language = Marathi
}}{{Short description|2025 Indian thriller film by Santosh Davakhar}}
'''''Gondhal''''' is a 2025 Indian [[Marathi language|Marathi]]-language thriller film written and directed by [[Santosh Davakhar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gondhal |url=https://cbfcindia.gov.in/cbfcAdmin/search-result.php?recid=Q0EwMTI3MTAyMDI1MDAwNzU= |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Central Board of Film Certification]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gondhal {{!}} Release Date, Reviews, Cast, and Where to Watch |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/zoom/movies/gondhal-movie-153110526 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Times Now]] |language=en}}</ref> The film stars Ishita Deshmukh, Yogesh Sohoni, [[Kishor Kadam]], [[Suresh Vishwakarma]], Nishad Bhoir, Anuj Prabhu, [[Vitthal Kale]] in main roles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-18 |title=तब्बल २५ मिनिटांचा वनटेक सीन! 'गोंधळ' निमित्ताने भारतीय सिनेसृष्टीत पहिल्यांदाच झाला 'असा' प्रयोग |url=https://www.lokmat.com/filmy/marathi-cinema/gondhal-marathi-movie-25-minute-one-take-scene-directed-by-santosh-davkhar-a-a998/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Lokmat]] |language=mr}}</ref> ''Gondhal'' was nominated for the Golden Peacock Award at the [[56th International Film Festival of India]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-08 |title=५६ व्या इंटरनॅशनल फिल्म फेस्टिवल ऑफ इंडियाच्या ‘या’ श्रेणीमध्ये ‘गोंधळ’ची अधिकृत निवड |url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-movie-gondhal-at-56th-international-film-festival-of-india-hrc-97-5495398/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Loksatta]] |language=mr}}</ref> and Santosh Davakhar won [[IFFI Best Director Award|Best Director Award]] in Silver Peacock category.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/56th-iffi-concludes-in-goa-vietnamese-film-wins-golden-peacock/|title=56th IFFI Concludes in Goa, Vietnamese Film Wins Golden Peacock|access-date=2025-11-28|website=[[All India Radio|News On Air]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=महाराष्ट्राच्या शिरपेचात मानाचा तुरा! ५६ वर्षांत पहिल्यांदाच मराठी दिग्दर्शकाने IFFI मध्ये पटकावला पुरस्कार|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-film-gondhal-director-santosh-davakhar-wins-best-director-award-at-iffi-hrc-97-5539878/|website=Loksatta|date=2025-11-29|access-date=2025-11-29|language=mr}}</ref>

== Plot ==
Set against the vibrant yet volatile cultural backdrop of rural Maharashtra, ''Gondhal'' explores the collision between ritual tradition, personal ambition, and human vulnerability. As relationships fracture and loyalties are tested, the narrative gradually reveals buried truths and emotional tensions beneath ceremonial festivities. Blurring the boundaries between folklore symbolism and contemporary socio-political realities, the film unfolds as a psychological and cultural thriller rooted in lived experience.

==Cast==
*[[Kishor Kadam]] as Bhivaba
*Ishita Deshmukh as Suman
*Yogesh Sohoni as Anand "Aandya"
*Nishad Bhoir as Sarjerao
*Anuj Prabhu as Sahebrao
*[[Suresh Vishwakarma]] as Patil, Sarjerao's father
*Maadhavi Juvekar as Anand's mother
*Aishwarya Shinde as Anand's sister
*Kailash Waghmare as Mhorkya
*Poonam Patil as Suman's mother
*Prashant Deshpande as Anand's father
*Sharad Jadhav as Suman's father
*[[Vitthal Kale]] as Mohan
*Pravin Dalimbkar as Vilas
*Dhruv Thoke as Vishnu, Bhivaba's grandson
*Prabhakar Mathapati as Anand's brother-in-law<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-14 |title=‘GONDHAL’ (MARATHI) REVIEW {{!}} 14 November, 2025 |url=https://filminformation.com/reviews/gondhal-marathi-review-14-november-2025/ |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Film Information]] |language=en}}</ref>

==Marketing==
The teaser was released on 10 October 2025 with [[Kantara: Chapter 1|''Kantara: Chapter 1'']] in selected cinemas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=‘कांतारा’सोबत थिएटर्समध्ये प्रदर्शित झाला या मराठी सिनेमाचा टिझर; बॉक्स ऑफिसवर घालणार का 'गोंधळ'? |url=https://maharashtratimes.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/bollywood-news/gondhal-marathi-movie-teaser-cast-kishor-kadam-ishita-deshmukh-yogesh-sohoni/articleshow/124449352.cms |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Maharashtra Times]] |language=mr}}</ref>

==Release==
The film was theatrically released in Maharashtra, India on 14 November 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gondhal Marathi Movie: गोंधळ सिनेमाची जोरदार चर्चा, प्रेक्षकांचा कसा मिळतोय प्रतिसाद? दिग्दर्शक म्हणाले... |url=https://marathi.ndtv.com/entertainment/gondhal-marathi-movie-released-on-box-office-star-cast-and-how-is-the-audience-responding-9637302 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[NDTV|NDTV Marathi]]}}</ref>

== Awards and honours ==
At the [[56th International Film Festival of India]] (2025), ''Gondhal'' won the Silver Peacock for Best Director.<ref>{{Cite web|title=महाराष्ट्राच्या शिरपेचात मानाचा तुरा! ५६ वर्षांत पहिल्यांदाच मराठी दिग्दर्शकाने IFFI मध्ये पटकावला पुरस्कार|url=https://www.loksatta.com/manoranjan/marathi-cinema/marathi-film-gondhal-director-santosh-davakhar-wins-best-director-award-at-iffi-hrc-97-5539878/|website=Loksatta|date=2025-11-29|access-date=2025-11-29|language=mr}}</ref> The film also received the FIPRESCI Award at the 17th [[Bengaluru International Film Festival]] (2026).<ref>{{Cite web |title=BIFFes |url=https://biffes.org/awardWinner |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=biffes.org}}</ref> At the [[Pune International Film Festival]] (PIFF) (2026), it won both Best Director and Best Cinematographer, and later secured the Best Director award at the 22nd Third Eye Asian International Film Festival (2026).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-22 |title=22nd Third Eye Asian Film Festival will be held from January 9 to January 15, 2026! |url=https://www.cinebuster.in/22nd-third-eye-asian-film-festival-will-be-held-from-january-9-to-january-15-2026/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Cine Buster |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Critics Reception ==
Santosh Bhingarde of ''[[Sakal]]'' awarded 4.5 stars out of 5 stars, describing it as an outstanding portrayal of our folk culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhingarde |first=Santosh |date=2025-11-15 |title=Movie Review : गोंधळ - लोककला आणि लोकसंस्कृती यांचा उत्तम जागर |url=https://www.esakal.com/premier/gondhal-movie-review-out-on-social-media-entertainment-news-kds07 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Sakal]] |language=mr}}</ref> Anupama Gunde of ''[[Pudhari]]'' awarded 3 stars out of 5 stars, and wrote "The film symbolically blends darkness, the breaking dawn, and the emergence of truth into bright light."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-16 |title=Gondhal Marathi Movie : प्रेम आणि सत्तेमध्ये गुरफटलेला गोंधळ |url=https://pudhari.news/soneri/gondhal-marathi-movie-love-power-struggle-ab96 |access-date=2025-11-24 |website=[[Pudhari]] |language=mr}}</ref> Elizabrth Kerr of ''[[Screen International|Screen Daily]]'' wrote "Though the narrative has its share of loose ends (one of which is disturbing for who it involves), ''Gondhal'' is immersive and enlightening, but also gleefully pulpy, and a breath of fresh air for Marathi cinema."<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Gondhal’ review: An Indian wedding party turns sour in polished Marathi-language debut|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/gondhal-review-an-indian-wedding-party-turns-sour-in-polished-marathi-language-debut/5211404.article|website=[[Screen International|Screen]]|access-date=2025-11-29|language=en|first=Elizabeth|last=Kerr}}</ref>

==Soundtrack==
{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| all_music = [[Ilaiyaraaja]]
| title1 = Chandana
| length1 = 5:08
| extra1 = [[Ajay Gogavale]], [[Arya Ambekar]]
| title2 = Malhari
| length2 = 2:22
| extra2 = Abhijeet Kosambi
| title3 = Naman
| length3 = 1:35
| extra3 = Harilal Ghuge
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|id=38651971}}
[[Category:2025 Marathi-language films]]
[[Category:2025 thriller films]]
[[Category:2025 drama films]]
[[Category:Films set in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:AA Films films]]
[[Category:2025 directorial debut films]]
[[Category:Films distributed by AA Films]]

Ashraf Ali Thanwi

2026-05-05T17:46:36Z

King42:

{{Short description|Indian Islamic scholar and Sufi (1863–1943)}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Ashraf Ali Thanwi
| birth_name = Ashraf
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1863|08|19}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL3189450A/Maulana_Muhammad_Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi|title=Maulana Muhammad Ashraf Ali Thanwi}}</ref>
| birth_place = [[Thana Bhawan]], [[British India]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1943|07|20|1863|09|19}}
| father = Munshi Abdul Haq
| mother =
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]
| module2 = {{Infobox religious biography
|embed = yes
| religion = Islam
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]]
|Maddhab = [[Hanafi]]
|creed = [[Maturidi]]<ref>{{cite journal|title=Salafī Challenge and Māturīdī Response: Contemporary Disputes over the Legitimacy of Māturīdī kalām|year=2020|publisher=Brill|doi=10.1163/15700607-06023P06|last1=Bruckmayr|first1=Philipp|journal=Die Welt des Islams|volume=60|issue=2–3|pages=293–324|doi-access=free}}</ref>{{not in source|date=April 2026}}
|movement = [[Deobandi]]
|nationality = Indian
|main_interests = [[Sufism]], [[Ethics|moral philosophy]], [[Islamic revival]], [[tafsir]], [[fiqh]], [[hadith]], [[prophetic biography]]
|notable_works = ''[[Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq]]''
|literary_works = {{Unbulleted list|''[[Bayan Ul Quran]]'' (1908)|''[[Bahishti Zewar]]''|''[[Imdad al-Fatawa]]''|''[[Nashr al-Tib fi Zikr al-Nabi al-Habib]]'' (1912)}}
|disciple_of = [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]]
|disciples = [[Abdul Hai Arifi]], [[Athar Ali Bengali]], [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi]], [[Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri]], [[Abrarul Haq Haqqi]], [[Shah Ahmad Hasan]], [[Muhammadullah Hafezzi]], [[Khair Muhammad Jalandhari]], [[Masihullah Khan]], [[Maqsudullah]], [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri]], [[Habibullah Qurayshi]], [[Sulaiman Nadvi]], [[Shah Abdul Wahhab (scholar, born 1894)|Shah Abdul Wahhab]],<ref name="ahmad">{{cite book|url=https://www.rokomari.com/book/115714/alhillul-mufham-asshahihu-limuslim |title=মাশায়েখে চাটগাম|volume=2|author1=Ullah, Ahmad|author2=Qadir, Ridwanul|chapter=কুতুবুল আলম হাকীমুন নফস, খলীফায়ে থানভী আল্লামা শাহ আবদুল ওয়াহহাব রহ. (১৮৯৪—১৯৮২) - এর সংক্ষিপ্ত জীবনচরিত |date=February 2018|publisher=Ahmad Prakashan|location=11/1, Islami Tower, [[Bangla Bazar]], [[Dhaka]]-1100|pages=35–54|isbn=978-984-92106-4-1|edition=1}}</ref> [[Wasiullah Fatehpuri]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]], [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]]
|influenced = [[Muhammad Iqbal]],<ref name=":iqbal">{{Cite book |last=Wahid |first=Abdul |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/maqalat-e-iqbal-abdul-wahid-ebooks |title=Maqalat-e-iqbal |publisher=Tufail Art Printers |year=1982 |location=Lahore |pages=180 |language=ur}}</ref> [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]], [[Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar]], [[Badre Alam Merathi]]
}}
| death_place = [[Thana Bhawan]], [[British India]]
}}
'''Ashraf Ali Thanwi''' (often referred as '''Hakimul Ummat'''{{efn|Spiritual physician of the Muslim Ummah.}}<ref name=":OxfordIW">{{Citation |last=Naeem |first=Fuad |title=Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī |date=2009 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-1108 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi= |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5}}</ref> and '''Mujaddidul Millat''';{{efn|Reformer of the Nation.}}<ref>{{Cite thesis |last=Khatoon |first=Uzma |title=A critical study of select Urdu Tafasir of 20th Century |degree=PhD |publisher=Department of Islamic Studies, [[Aligarh Muslim University]] |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/70434 |language=en |pages=68 |year=2015 |location=India |hdl=10603/70434}}</ref> 19 August 1863 – 20 July 1943) was an Indian [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslims|Muslim]] scholar, [[jurist]], thinker, [[Mujaddid|reformist]] and a revivor of classical [[Sufism]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]] during the [[British Raj]].<ref name="OxfordDI">{{Citation |last=Esposito |first=John L. |title=Thanawi, Ashraf Ali |date=2003 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195125580.001.0001/acref-9780195125580-e-2372 |work=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |isbn=978-0-19-512558-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Faruque |first=Muhammad U. |date=2021 |title=Eternity Made Temporal: Ashraf ʿAlī Thānavī, a Twentieth-Century Indian Thinker and the Revival of Classical Sufi Thought |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jss/9/2/article-p215_3.xml |journal=Journal of Sufi Studies |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=215–246 |doi=10.1163/22105956-bja10009 |s2cid=242261580 |issn=2210-5948|language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> He was a central figure of Islamic [[Spirituality|spiritual]], [[intellectual]] and religious life in [[South Asia]] and continues to be highly influential today.<ref name=":OxfordIW"/> He wrote over a thousand works including ''[[Bayan al-Quran|Bayan Ul Quran]]'' and ''[[Bahishti Zewar]]''.<ref name=":OxfordIW"/> He was also one of the chief proponents of the [[Pakistan Movement]].<ref name=":OxfordIW"/>

He graduated from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in 1883 and moved to [[Kanpur]], then [[Thana Bhawan]] to direct the Khanqah-i-Imdadiyah, where he resided until his death.<ref name=":OxfordIW"/> His training in [[Quran]], [[hadith]], [[fiqh]] studies and [[Sufism]] qualified him to become a leading Sunni authority among the scholars of [[Deobandi|Deoband]].<ref name=":OxfordPST">{{Citation |last=Belhaj |first=Abdessamad |title=Thānvī, Ashraf ʿAlī |date=2014 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref:oiso/9780199812578.001.0001/acref-9780199812578-e-236 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Science and Technology in Islam |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |language=en |doi= |isbn=978-0-19-981257-8}}</ref> His teaching mixes Sunni orthodoxy, Islamic elements of belief and the patriarchal structure of the society.<ref name=":OxfordPST"/> He offered a sketch of a [[Ummah|Muslim community]] that is collective, patriarchal, hierarchical and compassion-based.<ref name=":OxfordPST"/>

== Views and ideology ==
{{Main|Political views of Ashraf Ali Thanwi}}
Thanwi was a strong supporter of the Muslim League.<ref name="Dawn">{{cite news |last=Koreishi |first=Samiullah |date=13 September 2013 |title=What's wrong with Pakistan? |newspaper=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1042583 |access-date=}}</ref> He maintained correspondence with the leadership of [[All-India Muslim League|All India Muslim League]] (AIML), including [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]. He also sent groups of Muslim scholars to give religious advice and reminders to Jinnah.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Munshi Abdur Rahman |url=https://archive.org/details/toobaa-research-library-TameerEPakistan |title=Tehreek e Pakistan aur Ulama e Rabbani |publisher=Idara-i Islamiya |year=1992 |location=Pakistan |language=ur}}</ref> His disciples [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]] and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] were key players in religious support for the creation of [[Pakistan]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Naeem |first=Fuad |title=Thānvī, Mawlānā Ashraf ʿAlī |date=2009 |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001/acref-9780195305135-e-1108 |encyclopedia=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World |publisher=Oxford University Press |language=en |doi=10.1093/acref/9780195305135.001.0001 |isbn=978-0-19-530513-5 |access-date=2022-11-07|url-access=subscription }}</ref> During the 1940s, many [[Deobandi]] [[Ulama]] supported the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]] but Thanwi and some other leading Deobandi scholars including [[Muhammad Shafi]] and [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]] were in favour of the Muslim League.<ref name="SvanbergWesterlund2012">{{cite book|first1=Ingvar|last1=Svanberg|first2=David|last2=Westerlund|title=Islam Outside the Arab World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jt8rBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA224|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-11322-2|page=224}}</ref><ref name="Jetly2012">{{cite book|first=Rajshree|last=Jetly|title=Pakistan in Regional and Global Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojQznTkR09kC&pg=PA156|date=27 April 2012|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-136-51696-2|pages=156–}}</ref> Thanwi resigned from [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]'s management committee due to its pro-Congress stance.<ref name="HutchinsonSmith2000">{{cite book|first=Francis|last=Robinson|editor-first=John|editor-last=Hutchinson|others=Anthony D. Smith|title=Nationalism: Critical Concepts in Political Science|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NN0m_c8p6fgC&pg=PA930|year=2000|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-20112-4|pages=929–930|chapter=Islam and Muslim separatism.}}</ref> His support and the support of his disciples for [[Pakistan Movement]] were greatly appreciated by AIML.<ref name=":0" />

== Teaching and Education ==
After completing his education, with the permission of his father and teachers, he went to [[Kanpur]] and began teaching at Madrasa Faiz-e-Aam. For fourteen years, he continued to spread knowledge (faiz) there. In [[1315 AH]], he left Kanpur and returned to his ancestral home in [[Thana Bhawan]]. There, he revived the Khanqah of [[Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] and established an educational institution named Madrasa Ashrafiya, where he devoted himself until the end of his life to teaching, spiritual purification (tazkiya-e-nufoos), and social reform.<ref name="Suni Online" />

Upon his return, Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki sent him a letter, which stated: "It is better that you have moved to Thana Bhawan. I hope that many people will benefit from you, both outwardly and inwardly. You will restore our madrasa and mosque anew. I pray for you at all times."<ref name="Suni Online" />

== Influence and legacy ==
He produced around 1000 trainees, to whom he permitted for [[Bay'ah]] and those spread their influences of Thanwi. Among them are: [[Sulaiman Nadvi]], [[Shabbir Ahmad Usmani]], [[Zafar Ahmad Usmani]], [[Abdul Hai Arifi]], [[Athar Ali Bengali]], [[Shah Abdul Wahhab (scholar, born 1894)|Shah Abdul Wahhab]], [[Abdul Majid Daryabadi]], [[Aziz al-Hasan Ghouri]], [[Abrarul Haq Haqqi]], [[Muhammadullah Hafezzi]], [[Khair Muhammad Jalandhari]], [[Masihullah Khan]], [[Muhammad Shafi]], [[Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri]], [[Habibullah Qurayshi]], [[Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi]].

[[Muhammad Iqbal]] once wrote to a friend of his that on the matter of [[Rumi|Rumi's]] teachings, he held Thanwi as the greatest living authority.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/maqalat-e-iqbal-abdul-wahid-ebooks |title=Maqalat-e-iqbal |publisher=Tufail Art Printers |year=1982 |location=Lahore |pages=180 |language=ur}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Bibliography of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
* [[Political views of Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
* [[List of Deobandis]]

== References ==
=== Notes ===
{{Notelist}}

=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links|wikt=no|n=no}}
{{Ashraf Ali Thanwi}}
{{Hanafi scholars}}
{{Sufi}}
{{Pakistan Movement}}
{{Maturidi}}
{{Islamic theology}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Thanwi, Ashraf Ali}}

[[Category:Ashraf Ali Thanwi]]
[[Category:1863 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Shamli district]]
[[Category:Scholars from British India]]
[[Category:Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Deobandis]]
[[Category:Chishtis]]
[[Category:Hanafis]]
[[Category:Maturidis]]
[[Category:Mujaddid]]
[[Category:19th-century Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Darul Uloom Deoband alumni]]
[[Category:Leaders of the Pakistan Movement]]
[[Category:Students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]]
[[Category:Indian writers]]
[[Category:Translators of the Quran into Urdu]]
[[Category:Urdu-language writers]]
[[Category:Indian Islamic religious leaders]]
[[Category:Islam in India]]
[[Category:Founders of Indian schools and colleges]]
[[Category:Muslim reformers]]
[[Category:Quranic exegesis scholars]]
[[Category:Indian Sufis]]
[[Category:Hadith scholars]]
[[Category:Sunni Sufis]]
[[Category:Supporters of Ibn Arabi]]
[[Category:Patrons of Darul Uloom Deoband]]
[[Category:Members of the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband]]

Shalimar–Porbandar Superfast Express

2026-05-03T16:34:32Z

King42: added some bio w/ sources

{{short description|Train in India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox rail service
|name = Shalimar–Porbandar Superfast Express
|image =
| caption =
| type = [[Express trains in India|Superfast]]
| status =
|locale = [[West Bengal]], [[Jharkhand]], [[Odisha]], [[Chhattisgarh]], [[Maharashtra]] & [[Gujarat]]
|first = {{start date and age|df=yes|1998|12|13}}
|last =
|operator = [[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]]
|ridership =
|start = {{stnlnk|Shalimar}} (SHM)
|stops = 30
|end = {{stnlnk|Porbandar}} (PBR)
|distance = {{convert|2544|km|0|abbr=on}}
|journeytime = 42 hrs 24 mins
|frequency = Bi-weekly
|class = AC First, AC 2 tier, AC 3 tier, Sleeper class, General Unreserved
|seating = Yes
|sleeping = Yes
|autorack =
|catering = Available
|observation =
|entertainment =
|baggage = No
|otherfacilities = Below the seats
|stock = [[ICF coach]]
|gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}}
|el =
|trainnumber = 12905 / 12906
|speed = {{convert|58|km/h|0|abbr=on}} average including halts.
|map = [[File:(Porbander - Howrah) Express Route map.jpg|250px|(Porbander–Howrah) Express route map]]
|map_state =
}}

The 12905 / 12906 '''Shalimar–Porbandar Superfast Express''' is a [[Express trains in India|Superfast]] train of [[Indian Railways]], running between {{stnlnk|Shalimar}} in [[West Bengal]] and {{stnlnk|Porbandar}} in [[Gujarat]]. The train is named '''Aradhana Express''' by Indian Railway. The train is very much important and popular train in the route and connects eastern India to extreme west part of country. The train is as important as [[Jnaneshwari Express]].

It is now run on a biweekly schedule using train numbers 12905 and 12906.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/651| title=12905/Porbandar - Shalimar SF Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/7821| title=12906/Shalimar - Porbandar SF Express| website=India Rail Info}}</ref>

==Coach composition==

The train has standard ICF Ukrisht rakes with max speed of 110 kmph. The train consists of 24 coaches:

* 1 AC First Class
* 2 AC II Tier
* 6 AC III Tier
* 9 Sleeper coaches
* 1 Pantry car
* 3 General Unreserved
* 2 Seating cum Luggage Rake

== Service==

*The 12905/Porbandar–Shalimar Superfast Express has an average speed of 60 km/h and covers 2544 km in 42 hrs 30 mins.
*The 12906/Shalimar–Porbandar Superfast Express has an average speed of 60 km/h and covers 2544 km in 42 hrs 35 mins.

==Route & halts==

The important halts of the train are:

* '''{{stnlnk|Shalimar}}'''
* {{stnlnk|Kharagpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Tatanagar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rourkela}}
* {{stnlnk|Jharsuguda}}
* {{stnlnk|Champa Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bilaspur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Raipur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Durg Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Gondia Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Nagpur Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Badnera Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Akola Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Bhusaval Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surat}}
* {{stnlnk|Vadodara Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Ahmedabad Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Viramgam Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Surendranagar Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Rajkot Junction}}
* {{stnlnk|Hapa}}
* {{stnlnk|Jamnagar}}
* '''{{stnlnk|Porbandar}}'''

==Schedule==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Train number !! Station code !! Departure station !! Departure time !! Departure day !! Arrival station !! Arrival time !! Arrival day
|-
| 12905 || PBR || Porbandar|| 08:50 AM || Wed,Thu || Shalimar || 03:20 AM || Fri,Sat
|-
| 12906 || SHM || Shalimar || 21:05 PM || Fri,Sat || Porbandar|| 15:40 PM || Sun,Mon
|}

==Traction==

The train is hauled by a [[Diesel Loco Shed, Vatva|Vatva Loco Shed]] based [[WAP-4]] electric locomotive and Malda Town-based [[WDM-3A]] from Shalimar to Porbandar and vice-versa.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
12906 (Porbandar-Howrah) Aradhana Express.jpg|12906 (Porbandar–Shalimar) Aradhana Express
12905 (Porbander-Howrah) Aradhana Express.jpg|Shalimar–Porbandar Aradhana Express
Howrah Porbandar Express - AC 3 tier coach.jpg|Shalimar–Porbandar Express – AC 3 tier coach
12905 (Porbandar-Howrah) Aradhana Express 01.jpg|Shalimar–Porbandar Aradhana Express
Howrah bound 12905 (Porbandar-Howrah) Aradhana Express.jpg|Shalimar–Porbandar Aradhana Express
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Howrah-Porbandar Express}}
[[Category:Transport in Porbandar]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Howrah]]
[[Category:Railway services introduced in 2000]]
[[Category:Superfast Express trains]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Gujarat]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Maharashtra]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Chhattisgarh]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Odisha]]
[[Category:Rail transport in Jharkhand]]
[[Category:Rail transport in West Bengal]]

Rampura, Neemuch

2026-05-03T02:47:50Z

King42: Added Basic Pg From Scratch

{{Other uses|Rampura (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=August 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rampura
| native_name = 
| native_name_lang =
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Town]]
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Madhya Pradesh
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Madhya Pradesh, India
| coordinates = {{coord|24.47|N|75.43|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref>[http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Rampura.html Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Rampura]</ref>
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Neemuch district|Neemuch]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 508
| population_total = 17761
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Hindi language|Hindi]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code =
| registration_plate = MP 44
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Rampura''' is a [[town]] and [[Municipal corporation (India)|Nagar Parishad]], near [[Neemuch|Neemuch town]] in the [[Neemuch district]] of the [[India]]n [[States and territories of India|state]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]]. Rampura was founded by Rama bhil.<ref>{{ cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ejARAAAAMAAJ |title=Bhīlī kā bhāshā-śastrīya adhyayana| volume=1| author=Nemīcanda Jaina|date=1971 }}</ref> Mahagarh was also ruled by Bhil king,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pradesh (India) |first=Madhya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=utG7AAAAIAAJ&q=Piploda+Bhil+chief |title=Madhya Pradesh, District Gazetteers: Dhar |date=1993 |publisher=Government Central Press |language=en}}</ref> Rama was [[King]] but after the defeat against Chandrawats of [[Mewar]], the town of Rampura was under their control until the independence of India.

==Geography==
Rampura is located at 24.47°N 75.43°E.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.fallingrain.com/world/IN/35/Rampura9.html | title=Maps, Weather, and Airports for Rampura, India }}</ref> It has an average elevation of 508 metres (1667 feet). It comes under the [[Malwa]] Region on the [[Malwa Plateau]].

==Demographics==
{{As of|2001|alt=As of the 2001}} India [[census]], Rampura had a population of 17,761. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%; 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Rampura has an average literacy rate of 64%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 53%<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref>

==Tourist Places==
* Gandhisagar Dam
* Kedareshwar Mahadev Temple

'''<big>Religious Places</big>'''

• Syedi Bawa Mulla Khan Saheb Mazar

==Transportation==
Rampura is 60 km away from district headquarters [[Neemuch]].

Nearest airport is [[Maharana Pratap Airport]] [[Udaipur]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Ujjain Division}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Neemuch district]]

Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations

2026-05-02T02:48:56Z

King42: Created Some Post From Scratch

{{Short description|Gravitational wave observatory unit, india}}
{{redirect|INDIGO|other uses|Indigo (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox telescope}}
{{maplink |type=shape|id=Q5972232|frame=yes|frame-width=|frame-height=280|plain= |frame-align=right |frame-lat=19.6125|frame-long=77.0325|zoom=11|type2=point|stroke-width=1|frame-coordinates={{Coord|19.6125|N|77.01|E}}|text=Finalized construction site for LIGO India}}
'''INDIGO''' or '''IndIGO''' ('''Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations''') is a consortium of Indian [[Gravitational waves|gravitational wave]] physicists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gw-indigo.org/ |title=IndIGO | Welcome |website=Gw-indigo.org |access-date=2016-02-11}}</ref> It is an initiative to set up advanced experimental facilities for a multi-institutional [[observatory]] project in [[gravitational-wave astronomy]] to be located near [[Aundha Nagnath]], [[Hingoli district|Hingoli District]], [[Maharashtra]], India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.iucaa.in/~li_events/limma_2019/Day3_LIProj_Souradeep_LIMMA2019.pdf|title=LIGO-India: Origins & site search|last=Souradeep|first=Tarun|date=18 January 2019|page=27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915091406/https://www.iucaa.in/~li_events/limma_2019/Day3_LIProj_Souradeep_LIMMA2019.pdf|archive-date=15 September 2019|access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> Predicted date of commission is in 2030.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mann|first=Adam|date=2020-03-04|title=The golden age of neutron-star physics has arrived|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=579|issue=7797|pages=20–22|doi=10.1038/d41586-020-00590-8|pmid=32132697|bibcode=2020Natur.579...20M|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Since 2009, the IndIGO Consortium has been planning a roadmap for gravitational-wave astronomy and a phased strategy towards Indian participation in realizing a gravitational wave observatory in the Asia-Pacific region. IndIGO is the Indian partner (along with the [[LIGO]] Laboratory in the US) in planning the '''LIGO-India''' project,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gw-indigo.org/tiki-index.php?page=LIGO-India |title=LIGO-India |work=Indigo |date=2015 |access-date=2016-04-30 }}</ref> a planned advanced gravitational-wave detector to be located in India, whose concept proposal is now under active consideration by the science funding agencies in India and US.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://gw-indigo.org/ligo-india |title=IndIGO | LIGO-India |website=Gw-indigo.org |access-date=2016-02-11}}</ref> The LIGO Laboratory, in collaboration with the U.S. [[National Science Foundation]] and Advanced LIGO partners from the U.K., Germany and Australia, has offered to provide all of the designs and hardware for one of the three planned Advanced LIGO detectors to be installed, commissioned, and operated by an Indian team of scientists in a facility to be built in India. A site near Aundha Nagnath in the Hingoli District, Maharashtra has been selected.<ref>{{cite news |title=First LIGO Lab Outside US To Come Up In Maharashtra's Hingoli |url=http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/first-ligo-lab-outside-us-to-come-up-in-maharashtras-hingoli-1456355 |date=8 September 2016 |journal=[[NDTV]]}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> In April 2023, the [[Union Council of Ministers|Cabinet of India]] approved the project to build the advanced gravitational-wave detector in Maharashtra at an estimated cost of Rs 2,600 crore. The facility's construction is expected to be completed by 2030.<ref name="Bureau">{{Cite news |date=2023-04-07 |title=Cabinet approves LIGO-India, gravitational-wave detector to be built in Maha |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/cabinet-ligo-india-approved-hingoli-construction-2030/article66709606.ece |access-date=2023-04-07 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

==Activities==
The IndIGO Consortium has spearheaded the proposal for the LIGO-India [[gravitational wave]] [[observatory]], in association with the LIGO laboratory in US. In addition to the LIGO-India project, the other activities of IndIGO involve facilitating international collaborations in gravitational-wave physics and astronomy, initiating a strong experimental gravitational-wave research program in India, training of students and young scientists, etc.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gw-indigo.org/goals |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130414233313/http://www.gw-indigo.org/goals |archive-date=2013-04-14 |title=IndIGO | Science Goals |website=Gw-indigo.org |access-date=2016-02-11 }}</ref>

The observatory will be operated jointly by IndIGO and [[LIGO]] and would form a single network along with the LIGO detectors in the U.S. and [[Virgo interferometer|Virgo]] in Italy. The design of the detector will be identical to that of the Advanced LIGO detectors in the U.S.<ref name="Nature2015">{{cite news |last=Priyadarshini |first=Subhra |url=http://www.natureasia.com/en/nindia/article/10.1038/nindia.2016.20 |title=Gravitational waves send ripples of joy for LIGO-India |journal=Nature India |location=India |date=11 February 2016 |doi=10.1038/nindia.2016.20 |access-date=2016-02-15 }}</ref>


== Purpose ==
The major purpose of IndIGO is to set up the LIGO-India detector, which would help enhance the network of gravitational wave detectors worldwide. The network includes the two LIGO detectors in the US (in [[Hanford Site|Hanford]] and [[Livingston, Louisiana|Livingston]]), the [[Virgo interferometer|Virgo]] and [[GEO600]] detectors in Europe, and the [[KAGRA]] detector in Japan. By simultaneous detection of the same event on these multiple detectors, a precise location in the sky can be pinpointed for the source of the detected waves. For example, the first detected gravitational waves by LIGO could only pinpoint the location of the black hole merger source to a broad area of the southern hemisphere sky. Using triangulation, this location information could be improved if the signal was detected on more than two detectors. Another important goal of IndIGO is to train scientists for successfully operating the LIGO-India detector, when commissioned. Previous studies have shown that a detector operational in India would improve source localization significantly, by an order of magnitude or more, depending on the region of the sky.<ref>{{Citation |url=https://dcc.ligo.org/cgi-bin/DocDB/ShowDocument?docid=90988 |title=Improved source localization with LIGO-India |date=28 Sep 2012 |first=Stephen |last=Fairhurst |journal=Journal of Physics: Conference Series |volume=484 |article-number=012007 |doi=10.1088/1742-6596/484/1/012007 |id=LIGO document P1200054-v6|arxiv=1205.6611 |s2cid=118583506 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |arxiv=1102.5421 |title=Networks of Gravitational Wave Detectors and Three Figures of Merit |date=25 Apr 2011 |first=Bernard F. |last=Schutz|journal=Classical and Quantum Gravity |volume=28 |issue=12 |article-number=125023 |bibcode = 2011CQGra..28l5023S |doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/28/12/125023 |s2cid=119247573 }}</ref>

== Funding ==
The additional funding required to operate the LIGO-India detector was under consideration by the [[Government of India]] under the aegis of its [[Department of Science and Technology (India)|Department of science and technology]] (DST) and [[Department of Atomic Energy|Department of atomic energy]] (DAE). The U.S [[National Science Foundation]] agreed to the relocation of one of the Hanford detectors (L2) to LIGO-India provided that the additional funding required to house the detector in India would have to be sponsored by the host country.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.nsf.gov/nsb/meetings/2012/0823/major_actions.pdf|title = Memorandum to Members and Consultants of the National Science Board|date = 24 August 2012 |access-date = 15 December 2019 |publisher = National Science Board }}</ref>
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi with the Scientists from LIGO, who proved gravitational waves theory, in Washington DC on March 31, 2016.jpg|thumb|LIGO-India MoU Signing Ceremony]]
On 17 February 2016, less than a week after LIGO's announcement about the detection of gravitational waves, [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] announced that the [[Union Council of Ministers|Cabinet]] had granted 'in-principle' approval to the [[LIGO-India]] mega science proposal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-02-17 |title=Cabinet grants 'in-principle' approval to LIGO-India |url=https://www.ligo-india.in/cabinet-grants-in-principle-approval-to-ligo-india/ |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=LIGO-India }}</ref> The Indian gravitational-wave detector would be only the sixth such observatory in the world and will be similar to the two US detectors in Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Padma |first=T. V. |date=2019-01-22 |title=India's LIGO gravitational-wave observatory gets green light |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00184-z |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00184-z|s2cid=128018821 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on 31 March 2016 between the [[Department of Atomic Energy]] and Department of Science & Technology in India and the National Science Foundation of the US to develop the observatory in India.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-12-17 |title='Indian gravitational waves observatory will be best in the world' |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/indian-gravitational-waves-observatory-will-be-best-in-the-world/story-PV8Lc7VmK0VDgZQGtJ9kqL.html |access-date=2022-07-24 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>

As of July 2021, the project was expected to cost INR 1,200 Crores, and was contingent on 'full approval' by the Cabinet of the Government of India.<ref name="approval">{{cite news |work=[[The Indian Express]] |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/five-years-on-ligo-india-awaits-cabinets-full-approval-7387209/ | title=Five years on, LIGO-India awaits cabinet's full approval | date=4 July 2021 }}</ref> In April 2023, full approval for the project was granted to build the advanced gravitational-wave detector in [[Maharashtra]], at an estimated cost of Rs 2,600 Crores. The facility's construction is expected to be completed by 2030.<ref name="Bureau"/>

In a joint statement in June 2023, President [[Joe Biden]] and Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] "welcomed the commencement of construction of a Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) in India."<ref>{{ Cite web |url = https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/06/22/joint-statement-from-the-united-states-and-india/ |title = Joint Statement from the United States and India |date = June 22, 2023 |access-date = 14 August 2023 |publisher = THE WHITE HOUSE }}</ref>

==Organization and membership==
The three lead institutions in the IndIGO consortium are: [[Institute of Plasma Research]] (IPR), [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]] (IUCAA), and [[Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology]] (RRCAT).<ref name="Nature2015"/>

IndIGO has currently{{when|date=June 2023}} over 70 member scientists. Bala Iyer of the [[Raman Research Institute]] is the chairperson and Tarun Souradeep of the [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics]] is the Spokesperson. The international advisory committee is chaired by theoretical physicist [[Abhay Ashtekar]] and has members from several international as well as Indian research institutions. IndiGO is a member of the [[LIGO Scientific Collaboration]].

==See also==
*[[List of astronomical observatories]]
*[[Sanjeev Dhurandhar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Gravitational waves}}
{{Telescopes and Observatories in India}}
{{Portal bar|India|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System|Education|Science}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Gravitational wave observatories]]
[[Category:Research institutes in India]]
[[Category:Astronomical observatories in India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in India]]
[[Category:Space programme of India]]
[[Category:Proposed infrastructure in Maharashtra]]

Amravati Graduates constituency

2026-04-29T14:25:37Z

King42: added first post needs work!

{{Short description|Constituency of the Maharashtra Legislative Council}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2026}}
'''Amravati Graduates constituency''' is one of 78 Legislative Council seats in [[Maharashtra]]. This constituency encompasses the entire [[Amravati division]], which includes the districts of [[Amravati district|Amravati]], [[Akola district|Akola]], [[Buldhana district|Buldhana]], [[Yavatmal district|Yavatmal]] and [[Washim district|Washim]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=अमरावती विभाग पदवीधर मतदारसंघाचा निकाल हाती; महाआघाडीचे धीरज लिंगडे |url=https://www.lokmat.com/amravati/amravati-division-graduate-constituency-result-out-maharashtra-vikas-aghadi-dhiraj-lingde-won-by-3382-votes-a642/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title= MVA snatches Amravati graduates seat from BJP|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/maharashtra-council-polls-mva-snatches-amravati-graduates-seat-from-bjp/articleshow/97582155.cms}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Graduates choose Dheeraj Lingade
|url=https://www.thehitavada.com/Encyc/2023/2/4/Graduates-choose-Dheeraj-Lingade.amp.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Minister of State wins Amravati graduate seat|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/states/BJP-wins-Amravati-graduate-seat/article17206300.ece}}</ref>

== Members of Legislative Council ==
{|class="wikitable"
! Year
! Member
! colspan="2"|Party
|-
|1998
|rowspan=2|B. T. Deshmukh
|{{Full party name with color|Independent|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2004
|-
|2010
|rowspan=2|[[Ranjit Patil]]
|{{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=2}}
|-
|2017
|-
|2023
|[[Dhiraj Lingade]]
|{{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Graduates constituencies in India]]
[[Category:Council constituencies of Maharashtra]]

Kanhailal Tudu

2026-04-29T09:17:16Z

King42: Created Basic Info V1

{{Infobox writer
| name = Kanhailal Tudu
| image =File:Kanailal Tudu (santali writer).jpg
| native_name =ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱰᱩ
| native_name_lang = sat
| occupation = Writer
| language = Santali
| nationality = Indian
| awards = Bal Sahitya Puraskar
}}

'''Kanhailal Tudu''' is an Indian Santali language writer. He was awarded the [[Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] by the [[Sahitya Akademi]] for his Santali poetry collection ''Bachra Bayar''.<ref name="SahityaBal">{{cite web|url=https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/pdf/Bal_Sahitya_Puraskar_English.pdf|title=Bal Sahitya Puraskar Winners List|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|access-date=18 March 2026}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2026}}

==Works==
* ''Bachra Bayar'' – Santali poetry collection for children.
*Ol Chinhau <ref name="SRMUJ-Santali-Diploma">{{cite web
|url=https://www.srcmujhargram.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/DIPLOMA-ON-SANTALI-DANCE-MUSIC-OF-JHARGRAM-Final.pdf1_.pdf-2.pdf|title=Syllabus of One Year Diploma Course on Santali Dance & Music (2023–2024)|website=Sadhu Ramchand Murmu University of Jhargram|publisher=Sadhu Ramchand Murmu University|access-date=18 March 2026|format=PDF|language=English}}</ref>

*Dulad Miroo<ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals">{{cite web|url=https://wesanthals.tripod.com/id47.html|title=Santali Books|website=Wesanthals Portal|publisher=Wesanthals|access-date=18 March 2026|language=English}}</ref>
*Ol Padhaw <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Ol Sarhaw <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Jomsim Bint <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Marang Buru Binti<ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Hod Hulsay <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Bale Adang <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Serenj Adang(Pata) <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Janam Ayo(overnight drama) <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Bonga Adang Ol chemed <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Serenj Adang(Dong, Lagne) <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Bidahi Bayar <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>
*Karam Binti <ref name="Creation Kanhailal Tudu We Santhals"/>

==Awards and honours==
* [[Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar]] (2014) for ''Bachra Bayar''.<ref name="JagranBal">{{cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/sahitya-akademi-announced-bal-sahitya-puraskar-for-the-year-2015-1435216949-1 |title=Sahitya Akademi announced Bal Sahitya Puraskar
|publisher=Jagran Josh|access-date=18 March 2026}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=April 2026}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://sahitya-akademi.gov.in Sahitya Akademi Official Website]

[[Category:Santali writers]]
[[Category:Indian children's writers]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Bal Sahitya Puraskar]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{India-poet-stub}}

Hyundai i10

2026-04-28T08:44:35Z

King42: Created Some Article V1

{{Short description|City car manufactured by Hyundai}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Hyundai i10
| image = Hyundai i10 1.0 Intro (III) – f 03012021.jpg
| caption = Hyundai i10 (AC3)
| manufacturer = [[Hyundai Motor Company]]
| production = 2007–present
| class = [[City car]] ([[A-segment|A]])
| layout = [[Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]
| related = [[Kia Picanto]]
| predecessor = [[Hyundai Atos]]
}}

The '''Hyundai i10''' is a [[city car]] produced by the South Korean manufacturer [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai]] since 2007. It replaced the [[Hyundai Atos]] in the model line-up, and was initially available only as a five-door [[hatchback]] body style. The third generation i10 was unveiled in India on 7 August 2019 and launched on 20 August 2019, offered in 10 variants across petrol and diesel engines as well as manual and automatic transmissions. There are also sedan derivatives, the [[Hyundai Xcent]] and the [[Hyundai Aura]].

{{TOC limit|3}}
{{clear}}

== {{anchor|PA|}}First generation (PA; 2007) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = First generation
| image = Hyundai i10 front 20100328.jpg
| model_code = PA
| aka = Dodge i10 (Mexico) Inokom i10 (Malaysia)
| production = 2007–2015
| assembly = {{Plainlist |
* India: [[Chennai]] ([[Hyundai Motor India Limited|HMIL]])
* Vietnam: [[Ninh Bình]] ([[Hyundai Thanh Cong Manufacturing Vietnam|HTMV]])
* Malaysia: [[Kulim]] ([[Inokom]])
* Indonesia: [[Bekasi]] ({{abbr|HIM|Hyundai Indonesia Motor}})<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.handal-idmotor.co.id/about-us |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=Handal Indonesia Motor |language=id}}</ref>
}}
| designer = Thomas Bürkle<ref name="Burkle">{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundaipressoffice.co.uk/page/7/ |title=Thomas Bürkle |publisher=Hyundai Motor UK Ltd. |access-date=12 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002020717/http://www.hyundaipressoffice.co.uk/page/7/ |archive-date=2 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| body_style = 5-door [[hatchback]]
| platform = [[Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#Hyundai-Kia SA platform|Hyundai-Kia SA]]
| related = [[Kia Picanto#SA|Kia Picanto (SA)]]
| engine = {{Plainlist |
* '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#Kappa II|Kappa II]]'' [[Straight-three engine|I3]]
* 1.1 L ''[[Hyundai Epsilon engine|Epsilon]]'' [[Straight-four engine|I4]] (2007–2013)
* 1.2 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine|Kappa]]'' I4 (2008–2013)
* '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
* 1.1 L ''[[Hyundai U engine|U-Line]]'' I3
}}
| transmission = {{Plainlist|
* 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
* 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2380|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|3565|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1595|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1550|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|925|-|1040|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
}}

The first generation i10 was announced on 31 October 2007 in [[New Delhi]], India.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai Unveils i10|url=http://worldwide.hyundai.com/WW/Corporate/News/News/DF_GT_GLOBALNEWS_027.html?testValue=DF_WW_RD_GLOBALNEWS&title=DF_GT_GLOBALNEWS_027&Row=27&totalRow=|publisher=Hyundai Motor Company|date=31 October 2007|access-date=25 July 2013|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030939/http://worldwide.hyundai.com/WW/Corporate/News/News/DF_GT_GLOBALNEWS_027.html?testValue=DF_WW_RD_GLOBALNEWS&title=DF_GT_GLOBALNEWS_027&Row=27&totalRow=|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was produced in [[India]] at Hyundai's [[Chennai]] plant for the domestic and export markets.

In India, it originally had three different variants: D-Lite, Era and Magna with only 1.1L iDREZ engine. Integrated CD music system, Electric sunroof and Remote key are optional only in Magna Variant. In July 2008, Hyundai added two variants Sportz and Asta and an additional engine: 1.2-litre Kappa engine.

In Europe, it has four different versions: Classic, Style, Comfort and Eco Blue Version, with a 1.0 liter engine. All versions come with four airbags, [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]], front electric windows, air conditioning and an [[Radio Data System|RDS]] radio/CD player. Higher versions have heated front seats, electric sunroof, [[start-stop system]], and, optional, there is [[electronic stability control|ESP]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyundai.com/uk/en.html|title=Brochure|website=Hyundai|accessdate=25 January 2024}}</ref>

===Background===
Hyundai started development of the i10 to replace the [[Hyundai Atos]]. The development for the concept was [[Code name|codenamed]] ''Hyundai PA''. The car was targeted primarily at the Indian market and intended for production in India, given the popularity of hatchback subcompacts in the country.

===Styling===
{{Multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 220
| image1 = Hyundai i10 rear 20100328.jpg
| caption1 = Rear view (pre-facelift)
| image2 = I10 Active interior.jpg
| caption2 = Interior
}}
The i10 has a large air dam, pulled-back headlamps, chrome lined grille, fog lamps, and a rear window with an up swept kink.

The tailgate has a chrome lined boot release handle, and a roof spoiler on the top end versions.

Overall length (3,565 mm) and wheelbase (2,380 mm) are identical to the Atos with slightly more interior space; Ergonomic design was intended to accommodate tall drivers and increasing rear knee room. The width has been increased (and front and rear track) by {{cvt|70|mm|in|1}} for more shoulder room. The height has been reduced by {{cvt|40|mm|in|1}}. Boot space, at {{convert|225|L|cuft}}, is significantly lower than that of [[Hyundai Getz|Getz]].

====Interior====
The interior has a plastic dash housing with an optional integrated stereo. The instrument binnacle has a large white faced speedometer, flanked by the tachometer and fuel and temperature gauges.

The gear shifter is built into the center console, leaving space between the front seats for two cup holders.
{{clear}}

===Facelift===
{{Multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| width = 220
| image1 = Hyundai i10 1.1 UEFA EURO 2012 Edition (Facelift) – Frontansicht, 17. November 2012, Heiligenhaus.jpg
| image2 = Hyundai i10 1.1 UEFA EURO 2012 Edition (Facelift) – Heckansicht, 17. November 2012, Heiligenhaus.jpg
| caption2 = October 17, 2010 facelift
}}

On September 23, 2010, Hyundai revealed a facelift for the i10 in India, making it available for pre-order and then for test drives. On '''October 17, 2010''', the facelifted i10 officially debuted in the Indian market and became available for purchase. Although the facelift was introduced, production of the pre-facelift model did not cease until late October 2010 and continued to be sold in several regions until the end of the year. In other countries, the facelift was released after the end in 2010, mostly in 2011.

====Exterior====
Hyundai introduced a new front end design inspired by the 'Fluidic Sculpture' design language with new, less angled headlights.

The rear tail lamps and bumper were redesigned with new reflectors.

====Interior====
The i10 has a two tone beige and light brown color in certain markets. The interior features chrome and silver accents and a new instrument cluster with a gear shift indicator display (on manual models) and a digital fuel indicator.

===Engines===

The i10 was launched with a 1.1 liter {{cvt|48|kW|PS hp|0}} [[Straight-four engine|I4]] iRDE engine, the same motor as used in the [[Kia Picanto]] and [[Hyundai Atos|Hyundai Atos Prime/Santro Xing]] but with lower CO2 emissions. The i10 also came with a 1.2 liter gasoline, Euro 5 compliant engine (called the [[Hyundai Kappa engine|Kappa engine]]), with the same CO2 emissions as the 1.1L version. The spark plug of the 1.2L is non-standard. A 1.1-litre, three-cylinder diesel CRDi variant was available in the European and Indian markets.

In 2010 Hyundai launched a facelifted version of the i10 in India which received a Kappa II engine with VTVT [[Variable valve timing]].

====i10 Electric====
{{Main|Hyundai BlueOn}}
Hyundai unveiled the i10 [[concept car|concept]] [[electric vehicle|Electric]] at the 2010 [[Auto Expo|Delhi Auto Expo]],<ref>{{cite web |last=Read |first=Richard |date=8 September 2009 |title=Hyundai To Launch i10 Electric Vehicle In 2010 |url=http://thecarconnection.com/marty-blog/1034974_hyundai-to-launch-i10-electric-vehicle-in-2010/comment-page-2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101106010512/http://www.thecarconnection.com/marty-blog/1034974_hyundai-to-launch-i10-electric-vehicle-in-2010/comment-page-2 |archive-date=6 November 2010 |access-date=8 October 2010 |publisher=The Car Connection}}</ref> which led to the production of the i10-based electric vehicle called [[Hyundai BlueOn|BlueOn]] in South Korea in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyundai i10 EV visits Delhi Auto Expo |url=https://indianautosblog.com/hyundai-i10-ev-visits-delhi-auto-expo-p17533 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Indian Autos Blog}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hyundai BlueOn Electric Car |url=https://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/146 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=Hyundai News}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2010 |title=Hyundai Unveils Its First Electric Car 'Blueon' | Hyundai Motors |url=http://worldwide.hyundai.com/company-overview/news-view.aspx?idx=295&nCurPage=1&strSearchColunm=&strSearchWord=&ListNum=211 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120717184357/http://worldwide.hyundai.com/company-overview/news-view.aspx?idx=295&nCurPage=1&strSearchColunm=&strSearchWord=&ListNum=211 |archive-date=17 July 2012 |access-date=8 October 2010 |publisher=Worldwide.hyundai.com}}</ref>{{update after|2011}}

===Reception===
The i10 was recognized as "Car of the Year 2008" by various automotive magazines and television channels in India, like ''BS Motoring'', CNBC-TV18 ''AutoCar'',<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/01/11/stories/2008011152800300.htm |title=Hyundai i10 Bags Award |newspaper =Hindu Business Line|date=11 January 2008 |access-date=8 October 2010}}</ref> NDTV ''Profit Car & Bike India''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prdomain.com/companies/H/HyundaiMotor/newsreleases/200811253460.htm |title=The i10 is the Automotive Critics' Choice |publisher=PR Domain.com |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=8 October 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616194926/http://www.prdomain.com/companies/H/HyundaiMotor/newsreleases/200811253460.htm |archive-date=16 June 2011 }}</ref> and ''Overdrive'' magazine. The car was conferred with the ''[[Indian Car of the Year]]'' (ICOTY) by automotive media of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.domain-b.com/companies/companies_h/Hyundai_Motor_India/20080405_hyundai_i10.html |title=Hyundai i10 Wins the Car of the Year 2008 Awards |publisher=domain-b.com |access-date=8 October 2010}}</ref>

In Malaysia, the Hyundai i10 has also earned recognition through awards such as the ''Best People's Car'' in the ''Asian Auto – VCA Auto Industry Awards 2009'',<ref name="ASIAN AUTO – VCA AUTO INDUSTRY AWARDS 2009 Winners">{{cite web|url=http://www.8cars.my/asianauto/coty2009.asp |title=ASIAN AUTO – VCA AUTO INDUSTRY AWARDS 2009 Winners |access-date=8 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908082540/http://www.8cars.my/asianauto/coty2009.asp |archive-date=8 September 2009 }}</ref> 1st Place in ''Asian Auto-Mudah.my Fuel Efficiency Awards 2009'' in the ''Compact City Cars'' Category with a combined [[fuel efficiency]] of 5.0 L/100 km, which is not only the best performance in its category but also throughout all the participating vehicles in Malaysia.<ref name="Asian Auto-Mudah.my Fuel Efficiency Awards 2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.zerotohundred.com/2009/auto-news/asian-auto-mudah-my-fuel-efficiency-awards-2009-unveils-malaysia%E2%80%99s-most-fuel-efficient-cars/ |title=Asian Auto-Mudah.my Fuel Efficiency Awards 2009 Unveils Malaysia's Most Fuel Efficient Cars |access-date=23 November 2009}}</ref>

The Hyundai i10 also won the ''New Straits Times / Maybank Car of the Year Award'' in the ''Entry Level Car'' category two times consecutively in 2009 and 2010.<ref name="CBT 2009">{{cite web|url=http://cbt.com.my/091214/peugeot-308-turbo-wins-%E2%80%9Coverall-car-year-2008%E2%80%9D-award |title=Peugeot 308 Turbo wins "Overall Car of the Year 2009" Award |access-date=14 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091218121005/http://cbt.com.my/091214/peugeot-308-turbo-wins-%E2%80%9Coverall-car-year-2008%E2%80%9D-award |archive-date=18 December 2009 }}</ref><ref name="CBT 2010">{{cite web|url=http://cbt.com.my/101126/car-year-2010-winners-announced |title=Car of the Year 2010 Winners announced |access-date=28 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129225042/http://cbt.com.my/101126/car-year-2010-winners-announced |archive-date=29 November 2010 }}</ref>

In 2008, Hyundai commemorated 10 years of operations in India by initiating a transcontinental drive from Delhi to Paris in two of its i10 Kappa cars. The drive covered a distance of {{convert|10000|km}} in just 17 days after which the i10s were showcased at the Paris Motor Show in October.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prdomain.com/companies/H/HyundaiMotor/newsreleases/200810863167.htm |title=Hyundai Creates History: i10 Delhi to Paris Drive Successfully Culminates in Paris |publisher=PR Domain.com |access-date=8 October 2010 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820050653/http://www.prdomain.com/companies/H/HyundaiMotor/newsreleases/200810863167.htm |archive-date=20 August 2010 }}</ref>

In 2009, the i10 became a popular buy in the United Kingdom during the Government Scrappage Scheme.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.whatcar.com/news/hyundai-tops-scrappage-charts/ |title=Hyundai tops scrappage charts |magazine=[[What Car?]] |date=5 November 2009 |access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref>

In 2013, automotive portal CarDekho awarded Hyundai i10 as 'Most Popular Hatchback' in India.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://awards.cardekho.com/ |title=Awards.CarDekho.com |access-date=1 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804133739/http://awards.cardekho.com/ |archive-date=4 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Safety===
[[Euro NCAP]] test results for a LHD, five door hatchback variant on a registration of 2008:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euroncap.com/tests/hyundai_i10_2008/323.aspx |title=Hyundai i10 |publisher=[[Euro NCAP]] |access-date=4 March 2014}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''Test'''
|'''Score'''
|'''Points'''
|-
|Overall:
| style="text-align:center;"|N/A
| style="text-align:center;"|N/A
|-
|Adult occupant:
| style="text-align:center;"|{{rating|4|5}}
| style="text-align:center;"|26
|-
|Child occupant:
| style="text-align:center;"|{{rating|4|5}}
| style="text-align:center;"|37
|-
|Pedestrian:
| style="text-align:center;"|{{rating|3|4}}
| style="text-align:center;"|21
|-
|Safety assist:
| style="text-align:center;"|N/A
| style="text-align:center;"|N/A
|}

[[ASEAN NCAP]] test results for a RHD, 5-door hatchback variant on a 2011 registration:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aseancap.org/hyundai-i10-3/ |title=Hyundai i10 |publisher=[[ASEAN NCAP]] |access-date=8 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508103122/http://www.aseancap.org/hyundai-i10-3/ |archive-date=8 May 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{ASEAN NCAP
|year=2012
|description=Hyundai i10
|reference_code=3310
|adult_points=7.31
|adult_stars=2
|child_percent=48
|child_stars=0
|safety_points=NA
}}

The amount of safety features varies from market to market. While most countries have the i10 equipped with [[airbag]]s for all passengers, the entry level 1.1 [[manual transmission]] model in the [[Philippines]] can be sold without airbags. Since launch and as of August 2009, [[electronic stability control]] (ESC) was an order option for United Kingdom spec cars which prevents a five star Euro NCAP score.

{{Global NCAP
|year=2014
|region=India
|description=Hyundai i10 – No Airbags
|reference_code=Hyundai-i10-NO-Airbags.pdf
|adult_stars=0
|adult_points=0.00
|child_stars=1
|child_points=6.97
}}

===India===
After the success of Hyundai Santro, Hyundai launched the i10 in 2007. The i10 slotted between [[Hyundai Santro|Santro]] and [[Hyundai Getz|Getz]] (later replaced by [[Hyundai i20|i20]]).

In [[India]], the first generation i10 was available in nine variants, and with two different engine options which is a 1.1L gasoline engine with manual transmission gearbox. This engine produces {{Convert|66.7|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} and maximum torque of {{Convert|10.1|kgm|Nm lbft|0|abbr=on}}. The other engine is a 1.2 L ''Kappa'' engine which produces {{Convert|80|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} of maximum power and {{Convert|11.4|kgm|Nm lbft|0|abbr=on}} of maximum torque.

== {{anchor|IA|BA}}Second generation (IA/BA; 2013) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Second generation
| image = Hyundai i10 1.2 Style (II) – Frontansicht, 26. Dezember 2013, Düsseldorf.jpg
| caption = 2013 Hyundai i10 1.2 Style (IA; pre-facelift)
| model_code = {{Plainlist|
* IA
* BA (Grand i10)
}}
| aka = {{Plainlist |
* Hyundai Grand i10 (BA)<ref name="The Motor Report">{{cite web |url=http://www.themotorreport.com.au/57063/2014-hyundai-i10-city-car-revealed-for-european-and-indian-markets |title=2014 Hyundai i10 City Car Revealed for European and Indian Markets |publisher=The Motor Report |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="Top Gear PH"/>
* Hyundai Grand i (Laos)
* Hyundai Gran Metro Taxi Hatchback (Colombia)
* [[Hyundai Xcent]] (sedan)
}}
| production = 2013–2022
| assembly = {{Plainlist |
* Turkey: [[Izmit]] ([[Hyundai Assan Otomotiv]])
* India: [[Chennai]] ([[Hyundai Motor India Limited|HMIL]])
* Ecuador: [[Quito]] ([[Aymesa]])<ref>{{cite web|title=The Ecuadorian Hyundai Grand i10 is a reality: It will arrive in Colombia at the end of the year|date=9 May 2019 |url=https://www.elcarrocolombiano.com/autos-del-mundo/honda-e-asi-se-llamara-el-city-car-electrico-japones-y-esto-sabemos-de-el/}}</ref>
* Vietnam: [[Ninh Bình]] ([[Hyundai Thanh Cong Manufacturing Vietnam|HTMV]])
* Algeria: [[Tiaret]] ({{abbr|TMC|Tahkout Manufacturing Company}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.algerie-eco.com/index.php/2016/10/29/premier-vehicule-hyundai-made-in-algeria-sorti-samedi/ |title=Le premier véhicule Hyundai " made in Algéria " est sorti ce samedi |publisher=Algérie Eco |date=29 October 2016 |access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref>
* Iran: [[Bam, Iran|Bam]], [[Kerman]] ({{abbr|KMC|Kerman Motor Co}})<ref>{{cite news |url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/61377/hyundai-kerman-motor-sign-deal-to-produce-elantra-in-iran |title=Hyundai, Kerman Motor Sign Deal to Produce Elantra in Iran |newspaper=[[Financial Tribune]] |date=13 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref>
* Mozambique: [[Matola]] (Somyoung Motors)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2014/11/07/partnership-between-mozambique-and-south-korea-assembles-hyundai-cars/ |title=Partnership between Mozambique and South Korea Assembles Hyundai Cars |publisher=MacauHub |date=7 November 2014}}</ref>
}}
| designer = Thomas Bürkle<ref name="Burkle"/>
| body_style = 5-door [[hatchback]] 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
| platform = [[Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#BA|Hyundai-Kia BA]]
| related = [[Hyundai Xcent]] [[Kia Picanto#TA|Kia Picanto (TA)]]
| engine = {{Plainlist |
* '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#G3LA|Kappa II]]'' [[Multi-point injection|MPi]] [[Straight-three engine|I3]]<ref name="WorldCarFans">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldcarfans.com/113091062792/2014-hyundai-i10-introduced-in-frankfurt |title=2014 Hyundai i10 Introduced in Frankfurt |publisher=WorldCarFans |date=10 September 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>
* 1.2 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#1.2 L (G4LB)|Kappa II]]'' MPi [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
* '''Petrol/[[Autogas|LPG]]:'''
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#L3LA|Kappa II]]'' LPi I3
* '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
* 1.1 L ''[[Hyundai U engine#D3FA|U II]]'' [[Common rail|CRDi]] I3
}}
| transmission = {{Plainlist |
* 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
* 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]]
}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2385|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai Motor introduces new levels of true value with spacious and sophisticated New Generation i10 for Europe|url=http://worldwide.hyundai.com/WW/Corporate/News/News/DF_WW_GLOBALNEWSVIEW_03_130807.html?testValue=DF_WW_RD_GLOBALNEWS&title=DF_WW_GLOBALNEWSVIEW_03_130807&selx2=|publisher=Hyundai Motor Company|access-date=12 August 2013|date=7 August 2013|archive-date=11 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011205802/http://worldwide.hyundai.com/WW/Corporate/News/News/DF_WW_GLOBALNEWSVIEW_03_130807.html?testValue=DF_WW_RD_GLOBALNEWS&title=DF_WW_GLOBALNEWSVIEW_03_130807&selx2=|url-status=dead}}</ref> {{convert|2425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} (BA)
| length = {{convert|3645|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} {{cvt|3765|mm|in|1}} (BA)<ref name="Hyundai Vietnam">{{cite web |url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai/grand-i10 |title=Hyundai Grand i10 |publisher=Xeoto.com.vn Vietnam |access-date=24 December 2018 |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226112136/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai/grand-i10 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Hyundai Indonesia">{{cite web |url=http://grandi10.hyundaimobil.co.id/ |title=Hyundai Grand i10 |publisher=Hyundai Mobil Indonesia |access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>
| width = {{convert|1660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{ubl
| {{cvt|1500|mm|in|1}}
| BA: {{cvt|1520|mm|in|1}}
| Grand i10X: {{cvt|1655|mm|in|1}}<ref name="Hyundai Indonesia"/>
}}
| weight = {{convert|933|-|961|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai.co.uk/new-cars/i10#specifications |title=New Generation i10 – Specifications |publisher=[[Hyundai Motor Company]] |access-date=12 November 2014}}</ref>
}}

Originally planned for release in the beginning of 2014, the development of the new i10 started in India in 2012, using the [[Kia Picanto#Second generation (TA; 2011)|Kia Picanto]] as a [[Development mule|test mule]] for individual parts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motorbeam.com/cars/hyundai-i10-cars/hyundai-continues-next-gen-i10-test-on-the-kia-picanto/ |title=Hyundai Continues Next-Gen i10 Test on the Kia Picanto | last = Khan | first = Faisal |publisher=MotorBeam |date=15 June 2012 |access-date=21 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710090835/http://www.motorbeam.com/cars/hyundai-i10-cars/hyundai-continues-next-gen-i10-test-on-the-kia-picanto/ |archive-date=10 July 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

In August 2013, the i10s redesign was revealed by Hyundai's European design team led by Thomas Bürkle. The new car was {{convert|80|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer, {{convert|65|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} wider and {{convert|50|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} lower than the previous model. The new dimensions result in a trunk space increase by 10%, totaling to 252 liters.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/car-news/this-is-how-the-second-generation-hyundai-i10-looks-like |title=This is how the second-generation Hyundai i10 looks like |magazine=[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear Philippines]] |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=7 August 2013}}</ref> Most versions can seat five occupants.<ref name=telegraph-20131021/>

The new car made its debut at the [[International Motor Show Germany#2013|Frankfurt Motor Show]] in September 2013.<ref name="Hammond">{{cite news |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/motoring/richard-hammond-european-design-means-2173733 |title=Richard Hammond: European design means Hyundai know people want bigger i10 | last = Hammond | first = Richard |newspaper=[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]] |date=16 August 2013 |access-date=21 August 2013|author-link=Richard Hammond }}</ref> The i10 arrived in European showrooms in January 2014.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/hyundai/i10/65481/hyundai-i10-2013-price-and-pictures-revealed |title=Hyundai i10 2013 price and pictures revealed | last = Gibbs | first = Nick |magazine=[[Auto Express]] |date=7 August 2013 |access-date=27 September 2013}}</ref>

Production of the i10 commenced at [[Hyundai Assan Otomotiv]]'s plant in [[İzmit]], [[Turkey]], in the end of September 2013, at an annual capacity of 200,000 units.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cd/hyundai-starts-production-of-new-i10-for-european-markets-113092700689_1.html |title=Hyundai starts production of new i10 for European markets | last = Sharma | first = Amit |newspaper=[[Business Standard]] |date=27 September 2013 |access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref>

In addition to the previous generation, its equipment includes, depending on the version, automatic air conditioning, [[Daytime running lamp|daytime running lights]], [[curtain airbag]]s, [[Tire-pressure monitoring system|Tyre pressure monitoring system]], [[Hill-Start-Assist|hill-start-assist]], and as options – cruise control, rear parking sensors, heated steering wheel and front seats or 15-inch alloy wheels.<ref name="auto"/>

<gallery widths="200" heights="132">
File:Hyundai i10 1.2 Style (II) – Heckansicht, 26. Dezember 2013, Düsseldorf.jpg|2013 Hyundai i10 1.2 Style (IA; pre-facelift)
File:2018 Hyundai i10 Interior.jpg|Interior (facelift)
</gallery>

=== Facelift ===
<gallery widths="200" heights="123">
File:2017 Hyundai i10 SE Automatic 1.2.jpg|2017 Hyundai i10 SE Automatic 1.2 (IA; facelift)
File:2017 Hyundai i10 Premium SE Automatic 1.2 Rear.jpg|2017 Hyundai i10 Premium SE Automatic 1.2 (IA; facelift)
</gallery>

=== Grand i10 (BA) ===
Hyundai Motor India released the model in September 2013 as the Grand i10. The Grand i10 differentiates from the European model with its wheelbase increase by {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/Auto-Stories/Hyundai-Grand-i10-review-test-drive-and-video/Article1-1105070.aspx |title=Hyundai Grand i10 review, test drive and video |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=8 August 2013 |access-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809063254/http://www.hindustantimes.com/autos/Auto-Stories/Hyundai-Grand-i10-review-test-drive-and-video/Article1-1105070.aspx |archive-date=9 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai launches Grand i10 in India, priced from Rs. 429,000|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/09/hyundai-grand-i10-the-car-designed-for-new-generation/|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> The Grand i10 offers dual toned interiors, enlarged cabin space, keyless entry, push button on/off and auto folding outside mirrors that automatically open and fold when car is unlocked and locked.<ref name="Hyundai Showroom">{{cite web|title=Hyundai Showroom|url=http://www.hyundai.com/in/en/Showroom/Cars/Grand-i10/PIP/index.html#contents_feature|access-date=8 October 2013|publisher=Hyundai.com|archive-date=18 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118213549/http://www.hyundai.com/in/en/Showroom/Cars/Grand-i10/PIP/index.html#contents_feature|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, the car is equipped with rear AC vents and 1GB internal memory to store music, which are both first in its segment.<ref name="Hyundai Showroom" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai launches new electronic car|url=https://jeysnk.blogspot.com/2019/07/hyundai-launch-new-electronic-car-in-india.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716180133/https://jeysnk.blogspot.com/2019/07/hyundai-launch-new-electronic-car-in-india.html|archive-date=16 July 2019|access-date=8 October 2013|publisher=dnaindia.com}}</ref>

In February 2014, Hyundai Asia Resources, Inc. (HARI) announced details on the Philippine market version of the Grand i10. The base models come with the 1.0-liter three cylinder gasoline engine while the 1.2-liter four cylinder engine is reserved for the range topping L automatic transmission model.<ref name="Top Gear PH">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.topgear.com.ph/news/car-news/hyundai-ph-announces-availability-specs-and-price-list-of-grand-i10 |title=Hyundai PH announces availability, specs and price list of Grand i10 |magazine=[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear Philippines]] |date=13 February 2014 |access-date=13 February 2014}}</ref>

In the beginning of 2014, Hyundai released the Grand i10 in [[Mexico]]. The car is offered with only the 1.2-liter, four-cylinder engine in the market.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hyundai.com/mx/es/Showroom/Cars/Grand-i10-2015/PIP/index.html |title=Hyundai Grand i10 |publisher=Hyundai Motor Company Mexico |access-date=14 August 2014}}</ref>

In Colombia a [[taxi]] model is sold under the name Hyundai Gran Metro Taxi Hatchback.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyundai Gran Metro Taxi Hatchback: Precios y Versiones |url=https://alcalahyundai.com/modelos/hyundai-gran-metro-taxi-hatchback/|access-date=2021-10-13|website=Alcalá Motor Hyundai, Colombia|language=es-CO}}</ref>

In 2019, Hyundai launched a two-seat [[commercial vehicle]] in South Africa, called the Hyundai Grand i10 Cargo. It was available in 1.0 Fluid or 1.25 Motion trims and has a {{convert|1202|L|cuft|adj=on|1}} load space.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-04|title=New Hyundai Grand i10 Cargo: tiny load-lugger quietly arrives in SA|url=https://www.carmag.co.za/news/new-models/new-hyundai-grand-i10-cargo-tiny-load-lugger-quietly-arrives-in-sa/| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20251231160831/https://www.carmag.co.za/news/new-models/new-hyundai-grand-i10-cargo-tiny-load-lugger-quietly-arrives-in-sa/ | archivedate = 31 December 2025 |website=CAR Magazine|location = Maitland, South Africa | language=en}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="120">
File:Silver Hyundai Grand i10, front view.jpg|Hyundai Grand i10 (Vietnam; pre-facelift)
File:Silver Hyundai Grand i10, rear view.jpg|Hyundai Grand i10 (Vietnam; pre-facelift)
File:2020 Hyundai Grand i10 (BA) front view (Vietnam; facelift).png|2020 Hyundai Grand i10 (Vietnam; facelift)
File:2018 Hyundai Grand i10 Asta 1.2 Facelift Rear View (Cropped).jpg|2018 Hyundai Grand i10 Asta Automatic 1.2 (India; Facelift)
</gallery>

====Grand i10X====
Introduced in 2015 and sold exclusively in Indonesia, the Grand i10X is a [[Crossover (automobile)#Hatchback|crossover]]-inspired variant of the Grand i10, featuring different front and rear bumpers and black plastic panels for the fender flares, door panels, rocker panels, and two-tone 14-inch alloy wheels.<ref>{{cite web| last = Parikh | first = Sagar|date=18 July 2017|title=India-made 2017 Hyundai Grand i10X (cross version) introduced in Indonesia|url=http://indianautosblog.com/2017/07/2017-hyundai-grand-i10x-facelift-introduced-indonesia-274693|access-date=24 August 2017|publisher=Indian Autos Blog}}</ref>

<gallery widths="220" heights="132">
File:2018 Hyundai Grand i10X (Indonesia) front view.jpg|Hyundai Grand i10X (Indonesia; facelift)
File:2017 Hyundai Grand i10x 02.jpg|Hyundai Grand i10X (Indonesia; facelift)
</gallery>

{{clear}}

===Xcent/Grand i10 sedan===
[[File:2017 Hyundai Grand i10 Sedan.jpg|thumb|Hyundai Grand i10 sedan]]
{{main|Hyundai Xcent}}

Prior to the official unveiling of the Grand i10, Hyundai Motor India revealed that a [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]] variant will be launched in 2014.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oncars.in/Car-News-Detail/hyundai-grand-i10-sedan-to-launch-next-year-could-come-as-the-next-accent/4554 |title=Hyundai Grand i10 sedan to launch next year; could come as the next Accent |publisher=OnCars India |date=9 August 2013 |access-date=10 August 2013}}</ref> The new sedan, called the Xcent, was revealed in February 2014. It is designed to fit in the popular sub-4 metre sedan segment in India which emerged after the government imposed heavier tax for cars longer than {{convert|4000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in length.<ref name="Hindustan Times 2">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/autoexpo2014/hyundai-launches-compact-sedan-xcent-diesel-petrol-variants-to-hit-market-in-march/article1-1180167.aspx |title=Hyundai launches compact sedan Xcent; diesel, petrol variants in market by March | last = Banergi | first = Sumant |newspaper=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=4 February 2014 |access-date=7 February 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207061709/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/autoexpo2014/hyundai-launches-compact-sedan-xcent-diesel-petrol-variants-to-hit-market-in-march/article1-1180167.aspx |archive-date=7 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Economic Times 2">{{cite news |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-05/news/47049312_1_indian-market-amaze-indian-car |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210082055/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-02-05/news/47049312_1_indian-market-amaze-indian-car |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 February 2014 |title=Hyundai joins compact sedan race with Xcent in muted Indian market | last = Chauhan | first = Chanchal Pal |newspaper=[[The Economic Times]] |date=5 February 2014 |access-date=7 February 2014}}</ref> It is exported to numerous emerging countries as the Grand i10 sedan.
{{clear}}

===Reception===
The European i10 was met with very positive reviews. John McIlroy of ''[[What Car?]]'' magazine gave the car a five-star rating, commenting that it "represents a major step forward over its predecessor – to the point where it's an extremely tempting alternative to a [[Volkswagen Up|VW Up]], and not just on price."<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.whatcar.com/car-news/hyundai/i10/2014-hyundai-i10-first-drive/1216237 |title=2014 Hyundai i10 first drive | last = McIlroy | first = John |magazine=[[What Car?]] |date=14 October 2013 |access-date=18 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017022809/http://www.whatcar.com/car-news/hyundai/i10/2014-hyundai-i10-first-drive/1216237 |archive-date=17 October 2013 }}</ref> Piers Ward of ''[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear]]'' gave the i10 a score of 8 out of 10, with his verdict being: "Yet another quality car from the Koreans. Cheap price, good design and with minimal compromise."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/hyundai/i10/road-test/driven |title=Car review: Hyundai i10 Driven – road test | last = Ward | first = Piers |magazine=[[Top Gear (magazine)|Top Gear]] |access-date=1 March 2014}}</ref>

Matt Burt of ''[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]]'' gave it four and a half out of five stars, calling it "one of the most accomplished and well-rounded offerings in the city car segment, and has road manners that would embarrass a few much larger (and more expensive) vehicles."<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/hyundai/i10-2008-2013/first-drives/2014-hyundai-i10-10-first-drive-review |title=2014 Hyundai i10, 1.0 petrol first drive Review | last = Burt | first = Matt |magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |date=15 October 2013 |access-date=18 October 2013}}</ref>

Andrew English of ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' also gave the car four out of five stars, describing it as "Clever and quite a nice little car. Reasonable comfort, ride, handling and well put together, though not the most economical. It's certainly the best car Hyundai makes and wouldn't be disgraced as the family's main transport."<ref name=telegraph-20131021>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/car-manufacturers/hyundai/10388540/2014-Hyundai-i10-review.html |title=2014 Hyundai i10 review | last = English | first = Andrew |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|location=London |date=21 October 2013 |access-date=7 November 2013}}</ref>

In India, the Grand i10 was awarded the 2014 Golden Steering Wheel in the hatchback category.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/story/golden-steering-wheel-winners-list-180158-2014-02-07 |title=Grand i10 gets the Golden Steering Wheel in hatchback category |magazine=[[India Today]] |date=7 February 2014 |access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> It was also awarded "Car of the Year" and "Entry Hatchback of the Year" at the 2014 [[NDTV]] Car and Bike Awards.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motoroids.com/news/new-hyundai-grand-i10-ndtv-car-year-2014/ |title=New Hyundai Grand i10 is NDTV Car of the Year 2014 |publisher=Motoroids |date=15 January 2014 |access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref> In the Philippines, the Grand i10 was awarded Best Mini Car of the Year by the Car Awards Group for 2014–2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ph.news.yahoo.com/2014-2015-car-truck-philippines-104219528.html |title=2014–2015 Car of the Year and Truck of the Year Philippines Awarded | last=Pagulayan, Neil |publisher=[[Yahoo!|Yahoo! Philippines]] |date=27 November 2014 |access-date=6 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Powertrain ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+Specs
|-
! Model
! Year
! Transmission
! Power
! Torque
! 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) (Official)
! Top Speed (Official)
|-
! colspan="7" |i10
|-
! colspan="7" |Petrol
|-
| 1.0L Kappa LPi
| rowspan="3" |2013–2019
| 5–speed manual
| {{convert|67|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} @ 6,200 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]
| {{convert|9.2|kgm|0|abbr=on|lk=on}} @ 3,500 rpm
| 15.0s
| {{convert|153|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|-
| 1.0L Kappa MPi
| rowspan="2" |5–speed manual 4-speed automatic
| {{convert|66|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 5,500 rpm
| {{convert|9.7|kgm|0|abbr=on}} @ 3,500 rpm
| {{ubl
| 14.9s (Manual 4-seater)
| 14.7s (Manual 5-seater)
| 16.8s (Automatic)
}}
| {{ubl
| {{convert|155|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Manual 4-seater)
| {{convert|156|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Manual 5-seater)
| {{convert|150|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Automatic)
}}
|-
| 1.25L Kappa MPi
| {{convert|87|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 6,000 rpm
| {{convert|12.3|kgm|0|abbr=on}} @ 4,000 rpm
| {{ubl
| 12.1s (Manual)
| 13.8s (Automatic)
}}
| {{convert|175|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|-
! colspan="7" |Grand i10
|-
! colspan="7" |Petrol
|-
| 1.2L Kappa MPi
| 2013–2019
| 5–speed manual 4-speed automatic
| {{convert|83|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 6,000 rpm
| {{convert|11.6|kgm|0|abbr=on}} @ 4,000 rpm
| {{ubl
| 12.9s (Manual)
| 14.8s (Automatic)
}}
| {{ubl
| {{convert|167|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Manual)
| {{convert|158|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Automatic)
}}
|-
! colspan="7" |Diesel
|-
| 1.1L U2 CRDi
| 2013–2019
| 5–speed manual
| {{convert|71|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} @ 4,000 rpm
| {{convert|16.3|kgm|0|abbr=on}} @ 1,500–2,750 rpm
| 15.6s
| {{convert|161|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
|}

===Safety===
[[Global NCAP]] awarded the Indian market version with no airbags and no [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] 0 stars in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=Car details|website=squarespace.com
|url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5fb4ea8933ae6c208c3dac41/t/605e0d6c4cf2ba0630314e48/1616776557357/Hyundai-i10-NO-Airbags.pdf}}</ref>

[[Latin NCAP]] awarded the Indian-made i10 in its most basic Latin American market configuration with no airbags and no [[Anti-lock braking system|ABS]] 0 stars in 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latinncap.com/en/result/60/hyundai-grand-i10-no-airbags|title=Official results of the Hyundai Grand i10 – NO Airbags 2015|website=Latin NCAP – Para Autos mas Seguros}}</ref>

{{Latin NCAP
|year=2016
|description=Hyundai Grand i10 - NO Airbags
|reference_code=60/hyundai-grand-i10-no-airbags
|adult_stars=0
|adult_points=0.00
|child_stars=2
|child_points=20.81
}}

[[Euro NCAP]] 2014 test results (similar to Latin NCAP 2020) for a LHD, five door hatchback European market variant on a registration of 2014:<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai i10|url=http://www.euroncap.com/en/results/hyundai/i10/7868|access-date=4 March 2014|publisher=[[Euro NCAP]]}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|'''Test'''
|'''Score'''
|-
|Overall:
| style="text-align:center;" |{{rating|4|5}}
|-
|Adult occupant:
| style="text-align:center;" |79%
|-
|Child occupant:
| style="text-align:center;" |80%
|-
|Pedestrian:
| style="text-align:center;" |71%
|-
|Safety assist:
| style="text-align:center;" |56%
|}

{{ASEAN NCAP
|year=2015
|description=Hyundai i10
|reference_code=3679
|adult_points=4.40
|adult_stars=1
|child_percent=79
|child_stars=4
|safety_points=NA
}}

[[Electronic Stability Control]] (ESC) is standard on all European models.

== {{anchor|AC3|AI3|AC|AI}}Third generation (AC3/AI3; 2019) ==
{{Infobox automobile
| name = Third generation
| image = Hyundai i10 (III) – f 03092025.jpg
| model_code = {{Plainlist|
* AC3
* AI3 (Grand i10)
}}
| aka = {{ubl
| Hyundai Grand i10 (AI3)
| Hyundai Grand i10 Nios (India, AI3 hatchback)
| [[Hyundai Aura]] (India, sedan)
| Hyundai Prime HB (India, fleet)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-31 |title=Hyundai Launches Prime HB and Prime SD Fleet | work = MotorBeam | first = Aariz | last = Rizvi | url=https://www.motorbeam.com/hyundai-prime-hb-prime-sd-fleet-launch-india/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |language=en-US}}</ref>
}}
| production = 2019–present (AI3) 2020–2025 (AC3)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Jose Antonio |date=2026-01-20 |title=Hyundai i10 Officially Discontinued in Europe and UK |url=https://thekoreancarblog.com/hyundai-i10-officially-discontinued-in-europe-and-uk/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Korean Car Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>
| designer = Sungno Kim & Hyeryun Sohn (Exterior) Youngwook Kang (Interior)
| assembly = {{Plainlist |
* Turkey: [[Izmit]] ([[Hyundai Assan Otomotiv|HAOS]], AC3)<ref>{{cite press release |author= |title= Hyundai starts production for the all-new i10 in Europe|url=https://www.hyundai.news/uk/articles/press-releases/hyundai-starts-production-for-the-all-new-i10-in-europe.html |location= |publisher=Hyundai |agency= |date=10 January 2020 |access-date=2024-08-21}}</ref>
* India: [[Chennai]] ([[Hyundai Motor India|HMIL]], AI3)
* Vietnam: [[Ninh Bình]] ([[Hyundai Thanh Cong Manufacturing Vietnam|HTMV]], AI3)
* Sri Lanka: [[Colombo]] ([[Abans Auto (Pvt) Ltd|Abans]], AI3)
}}
| body_style = 5-door [[hatchback]] 4-door [[Sedan (automobile)|sedan]]
| platform = [[Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#BA|Hyundai-Kia BA]]/[[Hyundai-Kia small automobile platforms#K1|K1]]
| related = [[Kia Picanto#JA|Kia Picanto (JA)]] (AC3) [[Hyundai Santro#AH2|Hyundai Santro]] (AH2) [[Hyundai Exter]] (AI3)
| engine = {{Plainlist |
* '''[[Petrol engine|Petrol]]:'''
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#G3LA|Kappa II]]'' [[Multi-point injection|MPI]] [[Straight-three engine|I3]]
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#G3LC|Kappa II]]'' [[Turbocharger|T]]-[[Gasoline direct injection|GDI]] I3
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Smartstream engine#G3LD|Smartstream G1.0]]'' MPI I3
* 1.0 L ''[[Hyundai Smartstream engine#G3LE|Smartstream G1.0]]'' T-GDI I3
* 1.2 L ''[[Hyundai Kappa engine#G4LA|Kappa II]]'' MPI [[Straight-four engine|I4]]
* '''[[Diesel engine|Diesel]]:'''
* 1.2 L ''[[Hyundai U engine#D3FB|U II]]'' [[Common rail|CRDI]] I3
}}
| transmission = {{Plainlist |
* 5-speed [[Manual transmission|manual]]
* 5-speed [[Automated manual transmission|AMT]]
* 4-speed [[Automatic transmission|automatic]] (AI3, except [[India]])
}}
| wheelbase = AC3: {{cvt|2425|mm|in|1}} AI3: {{cvt|2450|mm|in|1}}
| length = AC3: {{cvt|3670–3675|mm|in|1}} AI3: {{cvt|3815|mm|in|1}}
| width = {{cvt|1680|mm|in|1}}
| height = AC3: {{cvt|1480–1483|mm|in|1}} AI3: {{cvt|1520|mm|in|1}}
| weight = {{cvt|921|-|1045|kg|lb|0}}
| caption = 2022 Hyundai i10 SE
}}

The third-generation model debuted in India as the '''Grand i10 Nios''' on 7 August 2019. The Grand i10 Nios, codenamed AI3, is longer than the previous-generation Grand i10 by {{convert|160|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}, or {{convert|40|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.

The European i10 (codename: AC3) was revealed a month after the Indian model, just ahead of the [[International Motor Show Germany#2019|Frankfurt Motor Show]] in September 2019. This model has been designed, developed and built in Europe. The roof has also been lowered by {{convert|20|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} and the width has been increased by {{convert|20|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-04|title=Euro-spec 2019 Hyundai i10 Officially Revealed Ahead of IAA Debut|url=https://indianautosblog.com/euro-spec-2019-hyundai-i10-officially-revealed-video-p318342|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Indianautosblog}}</ref> It is powered by a 1.0-litre T-GDi petrol engine, in addition to the 1.2-litre MPi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai i10 N Line hot hatch makes Frankfurt debut|url=https://www.autodevot.com/2019/09/hyundai-i10-n-line-hot-hatch-makes-frankfurt-debut/|access-date=12 September 2019|website=autodevot.com|date=12 September 2019}}</ref> Both the engines get Idle Stop and Go (ISG) as standard, which helps improve fuel economy and reduce {{CO2}} emissions. The i10 N Line was also unveiled with a sportier exterior design.

The Euro-spec i10 production started at Hyundai Assan Otomotiv in January 2020,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyundai starts production for the all-new i10 in Europe|url=https://www.hyundai.news/eu/model-news/hyundai-starts-production-for-the-all-new-i10-in-europe/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Hyundai Media Newsroom|language=en}}</ref> until January 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Jose Antonio |date=2026-01-20 |title=Hyundai i10 Officially Discontinued in Europe and UK |url=https://thekoreancarblog.com/hyundai-i10-officially-discontinued-in-europe-and-uk/ |access-date=2026-01-21 |website=Korean Car Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="133">
File:Hyundai i10 (III) – h 03092025.jpg|Rear view
File:Hyundai i10 (LA) N-Line IMG 3674.jpg|Hyundai i10 N-Line (AC3)
File:Hyundai i10 (LA) N-Line IMG 3543.jpg|Hyundai i10 N-Line (AC3)
File:2020 Hyundai i10 SE Connect 1.0 Interior.jpg|Interior (AC3)
</gallery>

===Facelift===
A facelift was unveiled on 27 February 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.carscoops.com/2023/02/2023-hyundai-i10-breaks-cover-with-mild-updates-retains-sporty-n-line-trim/|title=2023 Hyundai i10 Breaks Cover With Mild Updates, Retains Sporty N Line Trim|date=27 February 2023|website=Carscoops}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motor1.com/news/654564/hyundai-i10-facelift-debut/|title=Hyundai i10 Facelift Debuts With Discreet Tweaks, More Standard Tech|date=27 February 2023|website=Motor1.com}}</ref>

<gallery widths="200" heights="130">
File:2023 Hyundai i10 (AC3) Autofrühling Ulm IMG 9349.jpg|2023 i10 (front view, facelift)
File:2023 Hyundai i10 (AC3) Autofrühling Ulm IMG 9346.jpg|2023 i10 (rear view, facelift)
File:2023 Hyundai i10 N Line 1X7A1553.jpg|2023 i10 N Line (front view, facelift)
File:2023 Hyundai i10 N Line 1X7A1551.jpg|2023 i10 N Line (rear view, facelift)
</gallery>

=== Grand i10 (AI3) ===
{{Multiple image
| image1 = Hyundai i10 001.jpg
| image3 = Hyundai Grand i10 1.2 Design 2026.jpg
| caption3 = Facelift Grand i10
| caption1 =
| image2 = Hyundai Grand i10 1.2 Value 2022.jpg
| caption2 = Pre-facelift Grand i10
| direction = vertical
| total_width = 250
| caption_align = center
}}

====India====
The third-generation i10, marketed as the Grand i10 Nios was launched on 20 August 2019 in India and offered in 10 variants across petrol and diesel engines as well as manual and automatic transmissions. As it is the case with the second-generation model, it is also larger than the European model. This model is {{convert|135|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer than the Euro-spec AC3 i10, with its wheelbase extended by {{convert|25|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}. It is available with an eight-inch infotainment system, keyless entry with engine start/stop, 5.3-inch MID, and Arkamys sound system.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 August 2019|title=Hyundai Grand i10 Nios launched: Why should you buy?|url=https://www.carwale.com/news/hyundai-grand-i10-nios-launched-why-should-you-buy/|access-date=22 August 2019|website=CarWale|language=en}}</ref>

The Grand i10 Nios is available with a 1.2-litre naturally aspirated four-cylinder petrol engine and a 1.0-litre turbocharged three-cylinder petrol engine and a 1.2-litre turbocharged three-cylinder diesel engine. Both the engines come with a common 5-speed manual and 5-speed automated manual transmission choices.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-06|title=Euro-spec 2019 Hyundai i10 vs. Hyundai Grand i10 Nios: Design, features & specs compared|url=https://indianautosblog.com/hyundai-grand-i10-nios-vs-euro-spec-hyundai-i10-design-features-specs-pricing-compared-p318350|access-date=2021-01-25|website=Indianautosblog}}</ref>

===== Facelift =====
The facelift was launched on 20 January 2023, it features a redesigned front fascia and new tail lights.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalvi |first=Akhil |title=Hyundai Grand i10 Nios facelift launched at Rs 5.69 lakh |url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/hyundai-grand-i10-nios-facelift-launched-at-rs-569-lakh-427039 |access-date=2023-01-20 |website=Autocar India}}</ref>

By May 2024, cumulative sales of the model reached 3 million units in the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Only this Hyundai car has sold over 3 million units, it's not Creta, i20 or Santro|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/auto/cars/story/thought-creta-santro-or-i20-is-top-selling-hyundai-ever-this-car-is-way-ahead-2534867-2024-05-03|date=2024-05-03|access-date=2024-10-02 |website=India Today}}</ref>

==== Vietnam ====
The AI3 Grand i10 was introduced in Vietnam in August 2021 in both hatchback and sedan models.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyundai Thành Công giới thiệu Grand i10 thế hệ hoàn toàn mới|url=http://hyundai.tcmotor.vn/mua-xe/khuyen-mai/hyundai-thanh-cong-gioi-thieu-grand-i10-the-he-hoan-toan-moi|access-date=2021-10-09|website=HYUNDAITHANHCONG|language=en}}</ref>

==== Mexico ====
The Grand i10 was launched in Mexico on 16 July 2020 in hatchback and sedan models. Imported from India, it is offered in four trim levels: GL, GL Mid, GLS, and NS (hatchback only) and offered in automatic and manual transmissions. It is only available with a 1.2 litre engine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/hyundai-grand-i10-2021-precios-versiones-equipamiento-mexico|title = Hyundai Grand i10 2021: Precios, versiones y equipamiento en México|date = 16 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=García |first1=Gerardo |title=Hyundai Grand i10 2021: Precios, versiones y equipamiento en México |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/hyundai-grand-i10-2021-precios-versiones-equipamiento-mexico |website=Motorpasión México |access-date=3 September 2021 |language=es-MX |date=16 July 2020}}</ref>

====South Africa====

Hyundai's new-generation Grand i10 hatchback has been launched in South Africa during October 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Getz for 2020? Hyundai's all-new Grand i10 is here: SA prices and specs|url=https://www.iol.co.za/motoring/latest-launches/a-getz-for-2020-hyundais-all-new-grand-i10-is-here-sa-prices-and-specs-367b59b3-51f8-4be8-9428-2d29800bf733|access-date=2021-10-13|website=iol.co.za|language=en|last1=Woosey |first1=Jason }}</ref> The Grand i10 Cargo has been renewed a few months later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyundai Grand i10 Cargo – What you get for R211,500|url=https://topauto.co.za/features/22114/hyundai-grand-i10-cargo-what-you-get-for-r211500/|access-date=2021-10-13|language=en-ZA}}</ref>

In July 2024, Hyundai tweaked its facelifted Hyundai Grand i10 range, which now features a trimmed line-up and renamed trim grades. Hyundai cut the starting prices and also changed the naming convention from Motion and Fluid trim grades to Premium and Executive. Hyundai has also trimmed the line-up from eight to six derivatives.<ref name=cars24specZA>{{cite web | url = https://www.cars.co.za/motoring-news/hyundai-grand-i10-2024-price-specs/169491/ | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250121143558/https://www.cars.co.za/motoring-news/hyundai-grand-i10-2024-price-specs/169491/ | archivedate = 21 January 2025 | date = August 2024 | work = Cars.co.za | publisher = IAB South Africa | title = Hyundai Grand i10 (2024) Price & Specs }}</ref>

Inside, all facelifted Grand i10 variants have black cloth-and-vinyl upholstery with red accents, a height-adjustable driver’s seat and tilt-adjustable steering column, a multifunction steering wheel, manual aircon, electric windows all round, an 8-inch touchscreen infotainment system which features Apple CarPlay and Andriod Auto, a Type-C USB fast charger (front), a reverse-view camera and rear air vents.

As before, the entry-level engine for the hatchback (including the Cargo-badged panel van) is a naturally aspirated 1.0-litre, 3-cylinder petrol motor, which generates an unchanged {{cvt|49|kW|hp|0}} and {{cvt|94|Nm|lbft|0}}. Drive is sent to the front axle via a 5-speed manual gearbox and the claimed consumption figure is 5.5 L/100 km. Also available only in 4-speed automatic guise, is a more powerful hatchback powered by the slightly punchier 1.2-litre, 4-cylinder petrol engine, which delivers peak outputs of {{cvt|61|kW|hp|0}} and {{cvt|114|Nm|lbft|0}}. The claimed consumption figure is 5.9 L/100 km.

Standard safety features across the range include dual front airbags, ABS with EBD and ISOfix child-seat anchors, though stability control is again not present.<ref name=cars24specZA/>

====Safety====
===== Global NCAP =====
====== India======
The Indian-spec Grand i10 Nios (AI3) received a two star adult and child occupant rating from the [[Global NCAP]] 1.0 (similar to [[Latin NCAP]] 2013) in 2020. The car's structure and footwell area were deemed to be incapable of further loading. It is not equipped with three-point seat belts and head restraints for all passengers. It does not offer ESC or side airbags on any variant, but ISOFIX is offered on higher variants.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai Grand i10 Nios secures two stars in Global NCAP crash tests (11 November 2020)|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/hyundai-grand-i10-nios-secures-two-stars-in-global-ncap-crash-tests-419165|access-date=22 November 2020|website=Autocar India|language=en}}</ref>

{{Global NCAP
|year=2020
|region=India
|description=2020 Hyundai i10, RHD (2 airbags)
|adult_stars=2
|adult_points=7.05
|child_stars=2
|child_points=15.00
}}

====== South Africa ======
The Grand i10 received 0 stars for adult occupants and 3 stars for toddlers as the first vehicle tested by [[Global NCAP]] 3.0 for Africa in December 2025 (based on [[Latin NCAP]] 2019).<ref>{{cite web | url = https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5fb4ea8933ae6c208c3dac41/t/69312f5850097366236b6cf9/1764831064735/HyundayGrandi10-factsheet-2025.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20251205153736/https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5fb4ea8933ae6c208c3dac41/t/69312f5850097366236b6cf9/1764831064735/HyundayGrandi10-factsheet-2025.pdf | archivedate = 2025-12-05 | date = 2025 | title = Hyundai GRAND i10 | publisher = Global NCAP }}</ref>

{{Global NCAP
|year=2025
|period=December
|region=South Africa
|description=2025 Hyundai Grand i10
|adult_stars=0
|adult_points=0.0
|child_stars=3
|child_points=28.57
}}

===Aura/Grand i10 sedan===
{{main|Hyundai Aura}}

[[File:Hyundai i10 003.jpg|thumb|Hyundai Grand i10 sedan]]

The four-door sedan version was launched as the [[Hyundai Aura]] on 21 January 2020 for the Indian market.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hyundai Aura is the brand's new compact sedan|url=https://www.autocarindia.com/car-news/hyundai-confirms-aura-name-for-new-compact-sedan-414876|access-date=2019-12-21|website=Autocar India|language=en}}</ref> It is called the Grand i10 Sedan for export markets.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-22|title=Grand design update for Hyundai i10 sedan|url=https://www.cars.co.za/motoring_news/grand-design-update-for-hyundai-i10-sedan/49895/|access-date=2020-10-11|website=Cars.co.za|language=en}}</ref>

{{Clear|left}}

=== Powertrain ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+i10<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/i10/highlights| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20251217014151/https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/i10/highlights | archivedate = 2025-12-17 | title = I10 Highlights | work = Hyundai Worldwide}}</ref>
|-
! Model
! Year
! Transmission
! Power
! Torque
! 0–100 km/h (0-62 mph) (Official)
! Top Speed (km/h) (Official)
|-
! colspan=7|Petrol
|-
| 1.0L Kappa II MPi
| rowspan=3|2019–present
| 5–speed manual 5-speed automated manual
| {{cvt|67|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 5,500 [[Revolutions per minute|rpm]]
| {{cvt|9.8|kgm|0}} @ 3,750 rpm
| {{ubl
| 14.6s (Manual)
| 17.3s (AMT)
}}
| {{cvt|156|km/h|0}}
|-
| 1.0L Kappa II T-GDi
| 5–speed manual
| {{cvt|100|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,500–6,000 rpm
| {{cvt|17.5|kgm|0}} @ 1,500–4,000 rpm
| 10.5s
| {{cvt|185|km/h|0}}
|-
| 1.2L Kappa II MPi
| 5–speed manual 5-speed automated manual
| {{cvt|84|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 6,000 rpm
| {{cvt|12|kgm|0}} @ 4,200 rpm
| {{ubl
| 12.6s (Manual)
| 15.8s (AMT)
}}
| {{cvt|171|km/h|0}}
|-
! colspan=7|Diesel
|-
| 1.2L U II CRDi
| 2019–2022
| 5–speed manual 5-speed automated manual
| {{cvt|75|PS|kW hp|0}} @ 4,000 rpm
| {{cvt|19.4|kgm|0}} @ 1,750–2,250 rpm
|
|
|}

=== Safety ===

==== Euro NCAP ====
In contrast to the disastrous rating of the Indian version, the European Hyundai i10 in its standard European market configuration scored 3 stars under the much more stringent [[Euro NCAP]] 2020 protocol. Notable differences are the presence of more airbags, ESC and a strengthened structure. However, protection to vulnerable road users was rated at only 52% and the Safety Assistance systems scored 59%. Though AEB, Lane Keep Assist and steering-based driver monitoring are present, Euro NCAP states "The system performed marginally in tests of its detection and reaction to other vehicles".<ref>{{cite web|title=Official Hyundai i10 2020 Safety Rating|url=https://www.euroncap.com/en/results/hyundai/i10/41393|access-date=23 April 2021|website=Euro NCAP|language=en}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
| colspan="2" |'''[[Euro NCAP]] scores''' (2020)
|-
|Overall rating
|{{Rating|3|5}}
|-
|Adult Occupant
|69%
|-
|Child Occupant
|75%
|-
|Vulnerable Road Users
|52%
|-
|Safety Assist
|59%
|}

== Sales ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" |Europe<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-29|title=Hyundai i10 European sales figures|url=https://carsalesbase.com/europe-hyundai-i10/|access-date=2021-01-25|website=carsalesbase.com|language=en-US}}</ref>
! colspan="3" |India
! rowspan="2" |Vietnam<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai Vietnam Sales 2020|url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109235821/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai|archive-date=9 January 2021|access-date=2021-02-03|publisher=xeoto.com.vn}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |Mexico<ref>{{Cite web |title=Venta al público y producción de vehículos ligeros por marca, modelo, segmento y país origen |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/tabulados/pxwebv2/pxweb/es/RAIAVL/RAIAVL/RAIAVL_8_9.px/ |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=PX-Web |language=es}}</ref>
|-
!PA
!BA
!AI3
!Sedan
!Hatchback
|-
|2007
|353
|14,451<ref name=":32">{{Cite web |date=2022-09-12 |title=Top 10 best selling cars in India since the 1990s, post liberalization |url=https://www.team-bhp.com/news/top-10-best-selling-cars-india-1990s-post-liberalization |access-date=2022-10-05 |website=Team-BHP.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2008
|53,197
|104,815<ref name=":32" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2009
|109,424
|137,564<ref name=":32" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2010
|89,314
|159,158<ref name=":32" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2011
|72,380
|138,470<ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=2016 Report Card – Annual Indian Car Sales & Analysis! |url=https://www.team-bhp.com/forum/indian-car-scene/183318-2016-report-card-annual-indian-car-sales-analysis.html |access-date=2021-08-01 |website=Team-BHP.com |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2012
|66,623
|98,702<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|2013
|60,324
|77,913<ref name=":0" />
|41,861<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|
|
|-
|2014
|80,819
|37,207<ref name=":0" />
|103,749<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|394
|4,269
|-
|2015
|86,004
|33,240<ref name=":0" />
|124,055<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|7,228
|5,578
|-
|2016
|85,385
|19,952<ref name=":0" />
|136,187<ref name=":0" />
|
|
|9,592
|5,995
|-
|2017
|90,603
|
|154,747<ref name=":2">{{cite web |last=Punditz |first=Team Auto |date=2019-01-09 |title=2018 Car Sales Statistics – India |url=https://www.autopunditz.com/post/2018-car-sales-statistics-india |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=Autopunditz |language=en}}</ref>
|
|
|6,471
|3,799
|-
|2018
|83,102
|
|134,249<ref name=":2" />
|
|
|6,146<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2019-01-11 |title=Los 356 autos más vendidos de México durante 2018 (sí, la lista completa) |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2018 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|4,840<ref name=":4" />
|-
|2019
|78,791
|
| colspan="2" |102,693<ref name=":1">{{cite web |last=Punditz |first=Team Auto |date=2020-01-09 |title=Report Card – 2019 Car Sales India |url=https://www.autopunditz.com/post/report-card-2019-car-sales-india |access-date=2021-04-11 |website=Autopunditz |language=en}}</ref>
|18,088<ref name="Top3 cars Vietnam sales report 2019">{{cite web|title=Top3 cars Vietnam sales report 2019|url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/doanh-so/2019#top3|access-date=25 December 2020|work=Xeoto.com.vn|location=Vietnam|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108145846/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/doanh-so/2019#top3|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|8,002<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2020-01-10 |title=Los 374 autos más vendidos de México: la lista completa porque el top 10 ya te lo sabes |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2019 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|5,056<ref name=":5" />
|-
|2020
|50,233
|
| colspan="2" |91,930<ref name=":3" />
|17,767<ref>{{cite web|title=Hyundai i10 Vietnam Sales 2020|url=https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai/grand-i10|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132043/https://www.xeoto.com.vn/hyundai/grand-i10#top-3|archive-date=9 January 2021|access-date=2021-02-03|publisher=xeoto.com.vn}}</ref>
|7,264<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2021-01-08 |title=Los 377 autos más vendidos de México en 2020: la lista completa del ranking de ventas |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2020 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|4,215<ref name=":6" />
|-
|2021
|56,074
|
| colspan="2" |95,515<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-12 |title=Best Selling Cars in India for 2021! |url=https://www.autopunditz.com//post/best-selling-cars-in-india-for-2021 |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=Autopunditz |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423072853/https://www.autopunditz.com//post/best-selling-cars-in-india-for-2021 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|11,732<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://autopro.com.vn/vinfast-fadil-ban-hon-gap-doi-hyundai-i10-lat-do-ngoi-vua-doanh-so-cua-toyota-vios-sau-7-nam-thong-tri-20220111211408678.chn|title=VinFast Fadil bán hơn gấp đôi Hyundai i10, lật đổ ngôi vua doanh số của Toyota Vios sau 7 năm thống trị|last=Khánh|first=Duy|date=12 January 2022|website=AutoPro|language=vi|access-date=26 January 2022|archive-date=25 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220125033800/https://autopro.com.vn/vinfast-fadil-ban-hon-gap-doi-hyundai-i10-lat-do-ngoi-vua-doanh-so-cua-toyota-vios-sau-7-nam-thong-tri-20220111211408678.chn|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|9,427<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2022-01-08 |title=Los 379 autos más vendidos de México en 2021: la lista completa del ranking de ventas |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2021 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|5,936<ref name=":7" />
|-
|2022
|44,483
|
|
|106,222<ref>{{cite news|date=2023-01-06|title=CY2022 – Top 30 Selling Cars Analysis|url=https://www.autopunditz.com/post/cy2022-top-30-selling-cars-analysis|website=Auto Punditz}}</ref>
|10,752<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 20 xe bán chạy nhất năm 2022: MPV, SUV phổ thông áp đảo, xe giá rẻ giảm sức hút |url=https://giaxehoi.vn/tin-xe/top-20-xe-ban-chay-nhat-nam-2022-1101.html |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=giaxehoi.vn |language=vi}}</ref>
|7,520<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2023-01-06 |title=Los 371 autos más vendidos de México en 2022: el ranking completo con todos los modelos |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2022 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|5,759<ref name=":8" />
|-
|2023
|52,814
|
| colspan="2" |
|7,944<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lâm |first=Bảo |date=2024-01-11 |title=Xpander là vua doanh số tại Việt Nam năm 2023, Vios mất ngôi vương, bán thua cả Ranger |url=https://autopro.com.vn/xpander-la-vua-doanh-so-tai-viet-nam-nam-2023-vios-mat-ngoi-vuong-ban-thua-ca-ranger-177240111022901425.chn |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=autopro.com.vn |language=vi}}</ref>
|8,046<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=García |first=Gerardo |date=2024-01-10 |title=Los autos más vendidos en México en 2023: así queda el ranking con los 389 modelos |url=https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/autos-vendidos-mexico-2023 |access-date=2025-03-15 |website=Motorpasión México |language=es}}</ref>
|6,296<ref name=":9" />
|-
|2024
|58,966
|
|
|
|5,831<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lâm |first=Bảo |date=2025-01-11 |title=Bộ đôi VinFast lần đầu đứng top doanh số, Vios vượt Accent và những xáo trộn khác trong 10 xe bán chạy nhất năm 2024 tại Việt Nam |url=https://autopro.com.vn/bo-doi-vinfast-lan-dau-dung-top-doanh-so-vios-vuot-accent-va-nhung-xao-tron-khac-trong-10-xe-ban-chay-nhat-nam-2024-tai-viet-nam-177250111164020113.chn |access-date=2025-01-18 |website=autopro.com.vn |language=vi}}</ref>
|9,477<ref>{{Cite news |last=Santillán |first=Miriam |date=2025-01-13 |title=Los autos más vendidos en México durante 2024 |url=https://noticias.autocosmos.com.mx/2025/01/13/los-autos-mas-vendidos-en-mexico-durante-2024 |work=AutoCosmos |language=es-mx}}</ref>
|10,347<ref>{{Cite news |last=Santillán |first=Miriam |date=2025-01-13 |title=Los autos más vendidos en México durante 2024 |url=https://noticias.autocosmos.com.mx/2025/01/13/los-autos-mas-vendidos-en-mexico-durante-2024 |work=AutoCosmos |language=es-mx}}</ref>
|}

== See also ==
* [[List of Hyundai vehicles]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/i10/highlights}} (International)
* {{Official website|https://www.hyundai.com/worldwide/en/cars/i10/n-line}} (N Line)

{{Hyundai Motor Company}}
{{Hyundai cars}}
{{Hyundai Europe Timeline}}
{{Hyundai North America}}
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{{Dodge timeline 1980 to date}}
{{Dodge Mexico timeline}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hyundai I10}}
[[Category:2010s cars]]
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[[Category:Cars introduced in 2007]]
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Vande Bharat Sleeper (trainset)

2026-04-26T08:54:17Z

King42: added basic post from scratch - done

{{Short description|Semi high-speed EMU sleeper trainset of India}}
{{About|the sleeper trainset|the chair car trainset|Vande Bharat (trainset)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}
{{infobox train
| name = Vande Bharat Sleeper
| background = #FF7220
| image = File:Vande Bharat sleeper trainset prototype at BEML.jpeg
| caption = First prototype manufactured by [[BEML]]
| stocktype = [[Electric Multiple Unit]]
| manufacturer = [[BEML]]
| designer = [[Integral Coach Factory]]
| numberbuilt = 2<ref name="AIR">{{cite news|url=https://www.newsonair.gov.in/two-vande-bharat-sleeper-trains-to-be-launched-soon-ashwini-vaishnaw/|title=Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw says Vande Bharat sleeper train to be launched soon|date=24 September 2025|access-date=1 January 2026|work=[[All India Radio]]}}</ref>
| operator = [[Indian Railways]]
| carbody = [[Austenitic stainless steel]] and [[polycarbonate]]
| doors = Automatic
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[overhead line]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| brakes = [[Railway air brake|Air brake]] with [[regenerative braking]]
| safety = [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]]
| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft6in|lk=on}} [[Broad gauge]]
| maxspeed = {{cvt|180|kph}}<ref name="AIR"/>
}}

The '''Vande Bharat Sleeper''' trainset, formerly known as '''Train 20''', is a [[Higher-speed rail|semi-high-speed]], long-distance [[electric multiple unit]] developed for the [[Vande Bharat Sleeper Express|Vande Bharat Sleeper]] services of the [[Indian Railways]]. It was developed by the [[Integral Coach Factory]] based on the [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|Vande Bharat trainset]], with modifications to the exterior, added sleeping berths, and other amenities to cater to long-distance service. Each trainset has sixteen cars, and is capable of accommodating up to 823 passengers in three classes. The first prototype was launched in September 2024 and commercial operations began in January 2026.

== Background and planning ==
The express trains operated by the [[Indian Railways]] are often limited to a maximum speed of {{cvt|100-110|kph}}, with the average speeds of about {{cvt|54|kph}}. The major limitations included the lack of infrastructure such as tracks and trainsets that are capable of supporting higher speeds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/budget/budget-2014/six-reasons-indian-railways-lags-behind-speed-efficiency-1608691.html|title=Six reasons why Indian trains are appallingly slow|work=[[Firstpost]]|date=8 July 2014}}</ref> In the 2010s, the Indian Railways began to develop new trainsets in a bid to improve speed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/118189/train-20-indian-railways-to-unleash-world-class-semi-speed-trains-by-2020/|title=Indian railways to unleash world-class semi-speed trains by 2020|work=The Better India|date=13 October 2017}}</ref> In 2018, the [[Integral Coach Factory]] (ICF) in [[Chennai]] developed [[Electric Multiple Unit]] based [[Vande Bharat (trainset)|Vande Bharat]] trainsets (earlier known as Train 18), composed of [[chair car]] coaches, which were intended for operating short-distance services.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2018 |title=Train 18: Country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/train-18-countrys-first-engine-less-train-rolled-out-train-20-next/articleshow/66419774.cms |access-date=20 May 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In 2018, the Indian Railways planned a [[Sleeping car|sleeper]] version of Vande Bharat trainset for long-distance operations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/train-18-countrys-first-engine-less-train-rolled-out-train-20-next/articleshow/66419774.cms|title=Train-18 country's first engine-less train rolled out; Train 20 next|work=[[The Economic Times]] |date=29 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/train-20-aluminium-bodied-trainsets-run-rajdhani-routes-73694|title=Train-20: Aluminium-bodied trainsets to run on Rajdhani routes|work=News Minute|date=25 December 2017}}</ref> The coaches were planned to be made of lightweight [[aluminium]], for better efficiency, and aesthetics. The first prototype was expected to be out by 2020, and it was named "Train 20".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/business/train-20-aluminium-bodied-trainsets-for-rajdhani-routes|title=Train-20: Aluminium-bodied trainsets for Rajdhani routes|work=Free Press Journal|date=26 December 2017}}</ref>

== Manufacturing ==
In early 2018, The Indian Railways invited bids for the manufacture of 291 coaches for 15 trainsets. As per the bid conditions, the first trainset consisting of 20 coaches will be transferred to ICF, which will be developed as a prototype. The other trainsets will be assembled at ICF, based on the components supplied by the successful bidder.<ref name="Week">{{cite web|url=https://www.theweek.in/news/biz-tech/lone-bidder-for-ambitious-rs-2700-crore-train-20-project.html|title=Lone bidder for ambitious Rs 2,700 crore Train-20 project|work=[[The Week (India)|The Week]]|date=14 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/engine-less-train-160-kmph-train-18-to-be-out-in-june-train-20-in-2020-5035128/|title=Engine-less train: 160 kmph Train 18 to be out in June, Train 20 in 2020|work=[[The Indian Express]]|date=23 January 2018}}</ref> In the bidding process, [[Stadler Rail|Stadler]]-Medha consortium emerged as the sole bidder.<ref name="Week"/> In July 2018, the Nallasopara-Virar train shed of the [[Western Railway Zone|Western Railways]] was identified as a potential site for housing the trainsets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/indian-railways-self-propelled-modern-t-20-train-sets-may-be-maintained-in-nallasopara-virar-report/1236940/|title=Indian Railways' self-propelled modern T-20 train sets may be maintained in Nallasopara-Virar: Report|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=9 July 2018}}</ref> In August 2018, the [[Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade]] of the [[Government of India]] red-flagged the initial tender, stating that it was not in line with the '[[Make in India]]' project.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/infrastructure/railways/train-20-after-shatabdis-indian-railways-to-replace-rajdhani-express-with-world-class-160-kmph-train-sets/1273814/|title=Train 20: World-class semi-high speed train sets to replace Indian Railways Rajdhani Express; know about them|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|date=8 August 2018|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

In April 2022, a new tender was floated for the manufacture 200 sleeper trainsets with [[stainless steel]] coaches.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 April 2022 |title=Railways invites bids for 200 Vande Bharat trains with sleeper coaches for long-distance travel |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/railways-invites-bids-for-200-vande-bharat-trains-with-sleeper-coaches-for-long-distance-travel/articleshow/91133641.cms |access-date=29 April 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> In March 2023, the contract for the production of the 120 trainsets was awarded to Kinet Railway Systems, a consortium of [[Rail Vikas Nigam]] and [[Transmashholding]], which emerged as the lowest bidder with {{INRconvert|1.2|b}} per trainset.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://indiainfrahub.com/2023/featured/sleeper-edition-vande-bharat-express-indian-railways-issues-contract-award-letter-for-production-of-120-trains/ | title=Sleeper Edition Vande Bharat Express: Indian Railways Issues Contract Award Letter for Production of 120 Trains |work=Indian Infra| date=30 March 2023 |access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2 March 2023 |title=Vande Bharat Express: Who emerged as the lowest bidder for manufacturing sleeper versions of India's semi-high-speed train? Details here |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-vande-bharat-express-who-emerged-as-the-lowest-bidder-for-manufacturing-sleeper-versions-of-indias-semi-high-speed-train-details-here-2997485/ |access-date=1 December 2023 |work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]}}</ref> As per the bid, the consortium would manufacture the trainsets in the Indian Railways facility at [[Latur]] and would maintain the sets for 35 years.<ref>{{cite news |last=Das |first=Arun Kumar |date=28 August 2023 |title=Russian Major TMH Deposits Rs 200 Crore As Bank Guarantee For Making 120 Vande Bharat Sleeper Trains In Partnership With RVNL |url=https://indiainfrahub.com/railways/russian-major-tmh-deposits-rs-200-crore-as-bank-guarantee-for-making-120-vande-bharat-sleeper-trains-in-partnership-with-rvnl/ |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=India Infra Hub }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=29 August 2023 |title=Plan for Vande Bharat sleeper trains on track as Russian rolling stock major deposits bank guarantee |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/plan-for-vande-bharat-sleeper-trains-on-track-as-russian-rolling-stock-major-deposits-bank-guarantee/articleshow/103151344.cms |access-date=7 December 2023 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> A month later, the consortium of [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]]-[[Titagarh Rail Systems]] (TRSL), who was the second lowest bidder, was awarded the contract for the manufacture of the remaining 80 trainsets at the same price as the lowest bid, with the commercial production of these trainsets set to begin in June 2025 at the TRSL plant in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite news |date=12 April 2023 |title=BHEL-led consortium bags order to supply 80 sleeper class Vande Bharat trains worth over Rs 9,600 crore |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/bhel-led-consortium-bags-order-to-supply-80-sleeper-class-vande-bharat-trains-worth-over-rs-9600-crore/articleshow/99416008.cms |access-date=1 December 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 July 2023 |title=Vande Bharat sleeper train commercial production at TRSL's Bengal plant from June 2025 |work=[[The Economic Times]] |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/vande-bharat-sleeper-train-commercial-production-at-trsls-bengal-plant-from-june-2025/articleshow/102107037.cms |access-date=1 December 2023 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref> In May 2023, [[Alstom]] was awarded a contract for the manufacturing and maintenance of 100 aluminium body trainsets, at a cost of {{INRconvert|1.509|b}} per trainset.<ref>{{cite news |date=31 May 2023 |title=French company Alstom to make 100 Vande Bharat trains with sleeper coaches |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/french-rail-company-alstom-to-manufacture-100-lightweight-vande-bharat-trains/article66916460.ece |access-date=1 December 2023 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> However, the Alstom contract was later cancelled after Indian Railways sought to reduce the per unit cost of the trainset to {{INRconvert|1.4|b}}.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/railways-cancels-30000-crore-vande-bharat-tender-as-negotiations-fail/article68520987.ece|title=Railways cancels ₹30,000 crore Vande Bharat tender as negotiations fail|date=24 August 2025|access-date=1 January 2026|work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

In 2023, ICF–[[BEML]] were designated to manufacture the first ten Vande Bharat sleeper trainsets.<ref name="TOI">{{cite news |date=13 October 2023 |title=Vande Bharat sleeper trains to have a "wow" factor never seen before on Indian Railways; details here |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/vande-bharat-sleeper-new-train-interior-design-photos-features-indian-railways-icf-beml/articleshow/104386229.cms |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> The propulsion was to be supplied by the ICF, with the assembly of the train carried out at the BEML facility in [[Bengaluru]].<ref>{{cite web |date=3 October 2023 |title=Vande Bharat sleeper coach: Ashwini Vaishnaw shares new photos, rollout in 2024 |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/vande-bharat-sleeper-coach-ashwini-vaishnaw-shares-new-photos-rollout-in-2024-details-here-11696351713854.html |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[Live Mint]]}}</ref> In September 2024, the first prototype of the Vande Bharat sleeper trainset, was rolled out,<ref>{{cite news|date=1 September 2024|title='Best in the world': Railway minister Ashwini Vaishnav unveils Vande Bharat sleeper coach in Bengaluru|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/best-in-the-world-railway-minister-unveils-vande-bharat-sleeper-coach-in-bengaluru-101725176621433.html|access-date=2 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Hindustan Times]]|archive-date=1 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901083801/https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/bengaluru-news/best-in-the-world-railway-minister-unveils-vande-bharat-sleeper-coach-in-bengaluru-101725176621433.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 September 2024 |title=Union minister Ashwini Vaishnaw unveils prototype version of Vande Bharat sleeper coach |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/union-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw-unveils-prototype-version-of-vande-bharat-sleeper-coach/cid/2045030 |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]]}}</ref> with commercial services planned to start in 2025.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 August 2024|title=Vande Bharat sleeper coaches to be dispatched from Bengaluru's BEML soon|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-vande-bharat-sleeper-coaches-to-be-dispatched-from-bengalurus-beml-soon-check-launch-date-latest-updates-here-3595589/|access-date=2 September 2024|newspaper=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|archive-date=2 September 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902010959/https://www.financialexpress.com/business/railways-vande-bharat-sleeper-coaches-to-be-dispatched-from-bengalurus-beml-soon-check-launch-date-latest-updates-here-3595589/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=4 February 2024 |title=Faster than Rajdhani, Vande Bharat sleeper trains to be rolled out by 2025 |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/faster-than-rajdhani-vande-bharat-sleeper-trains-to-be-rolled-out-by-2025-101706985877841.html |access-date=5 February 2024 |work=[[The Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=1 September 2024 |title=Vande Bharat sleeper coach debuts, Railway Minister shares rollout timeline |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/vande-bharat-sleeper-coaches-unveiled-features-amenities-rollout-dates-ashwini-vaishnaw-2591753-2024-09-01 |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=[[India Today]]}}</ref> In December 2025, the prototype reached speeds of {{cvt|180|kph}} during the trial runs conducted under the supervision of the [[Commission of Railway Safety]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Vande Bharat sleeper clocks 180 kmph, Ashwini Vaishnaw shares video of train’s water test |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/infrastructure/vande-bharat-sleeper-clocks-180-kmph-ashwini-vaishnaw-shares-video-of-trains-water-test-watch/articleshow/126254357.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=December 2025 |access-date=31 December 2025}}</ref> On 17 January 2026, the first [[Vande Bharat Sleeper Express]] was inaugurated by [[Prime Minister of India|prime minister]] [[Narendra Modi]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Joshi |first=Mahima |date=17 January 2026 |url=https://www.news18.com/india/pm-modi-flags-off-indias-first-vande-bharat-sleeper-train-between-guwahati-and-howrah-9838298.html |title=PM Modi Flags Off India’s First Vande Bharat Sleeper Train Between Guwahati And Howrah |work=[[News 18]] |access-date=17 January 2026}}</ref> The third and fourth sets are planned to be rolled out by March 2026, with a planned delivery rate of one rake per month for the final six units, to be completed by August 2026.<ref name="ICF">{{cite news |date=16 February 2026 |title=Two more Vande Bharat Sleeper rakes to be ready by next month |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/two-more-vande-bharat-sleeper-rakes-to-be-ready-by-next-month/articleshow/128393425.cms |access-date=17 February 2026|work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

According to the ICF, it is also involved in the process of designing a trainset consisting of 24 coaches including a [[pantry car]], the production of which would be taken up after the delivery of the initial order of ten trainsets.<ref name="ICF"/>

== Design and engineering ==
The Vande Bharat sleeper trainset can operate at speeds up to {{cvt|160|kph}}, and has an aerodynamic design which helps in countering [[Drag (physics)#Aerodynamics|drag]] at higher speeds. It is equipped with driver cabins at both ends for quick turnaround of the train at terminal stations. Alternate coaches will have motor propulsion systems that enable acceleration and deceleration rates of {{cvt|0.7|-|0.8|m/s2}}.<ref name="Info">{{cite report |date=27 April 2022 |title=Specification and standards of Vande Bharat trains |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/rb/tender/1651132598426_4_SpecificationsandStandardsforVandeBharatTrains_TrainsetspecMDspec39804-04-22.pdf |access-date=4 June 2023 |publisher=[[Indian Railways]]}}</ref> A standard Vande Bharat sleeper trainset consists of 16 coaches in a three [[Indian Railways coaching stock|class configuration]]. It has eleven AC three-tier coaches, four AC two-tier coaches, and one AC first-class coach, with a capacity to accommodate 611, 188, and 24 passengers respectively. The trainset, with a total carrying capacity of 887, with 823 reserved for the passengers including a few with disabled friendly features, and 34 designated for the onboard staff.<ref name="Info"/><ref name="NDTV">{{cite web |title=Vande Bharat Sleeper Trains: Features To Design, All You Need To Know |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/vande-bharat-sleeper-trains-launch-by-march-2024-what-we-know-so-far-4449189 |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=[[NDTV]]}}</ref>

The coaches are fully air-conditioned and equipped with [[automatic door]]s, better [[coupling]] to reduce jerks, and improved [[soundproofing]]. The trainset features bunk beds with berths designed to be broader, and better cushioned relative to the existing services of the Indian Railways. They are equipped with reading lights and electric sockets. There are six [[pantry]] areas to cater to onboard catering.<ref name="TOI"/> The beds will be designed to be broader, comfortable and better cushioned relative to the existing services.<ref name="NDTV"/> The bio toilets are equipped with odour control systems, automatic taps, and anti-spill features. A hot shower facility will be exclusively available for passengers in the first AC class. The trainset also has sensor based lights, public announcement systems, and visual information systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/vande-bharat-sleeper-train-better-than-rajdhani-express-top-passenger-friendly-features-photos-facts/articleshow/106673575.cms|title=Exclusive: How Will Vande Bharat Sleeper Train Be Better Than The Rajdhani Express? Top Passenger-Friendly Features To Know|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=10 January 2024|access-date=1 June 2025}}</ref>

=== Rake formation ===
Each standard 16-car rake consists of four basic units of four coaches each. Each basic unit is composed of two Motor Coaches (MC/MC2) and Trailer Coaches (TC) or Non-Driving Trailer Coaches (NDTC). The trailer coaches at both ends are designated as [[Control car|Driving Trailer Coach]] (DTC), which accommodates the driver cabin.<ref name="Info"/>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: small;"
|+ Rake formation of 16 coach Vande Bharat sleeper trainset<ref name="Info"/>
!Position
|1
|2
|3
|4
|5
|6
|7
|8
|9
|10
|11
|12
|13
|14
|15
|16
|-
!Power Unit
| colspan="4" |Unit 1
| colspan="4" |Unit 2
| colspan="4" |Unit 3
| colspan="4" |Unit 4
|-
!Configuration
|DTC
|MC
|TC
|MC2
|MC
|TC
|MC2
|NDTC
|NDTC
|MC2
|TC
|MC
|MC2
|TC
|MC
|DTC
|-
!Class
| colspan="4" |3AC
| 2AC
| 3AC
| 2AC
| 1AC
| colspan="2" |2AC
| colspan="6" |3AC
|-
!Coach No.
| B1
| B2
| B3
| B4
| A1
| B5
| A2
| H1
| A3
| A4
| B6
| B7
| B8
| B9
| B10
| B11
|-
!Capacity
|28
|67
|55
|67
|48
|55
|48
|24
|44
|48
|55
|67
|67
|55
|67
|28
|}

== See also ==
* {{anl|Amrit Bharat (trainset)}}
* {{anl|Namo Bharat (trainset)}}
* {{anl|B28 trainset}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Indian Railways}}

[[Category:Express trains in India]]
[[Category:Electric multiple units of India]]
[[Category:Higher-speed rail]]
[[Category:Modi administration initiatives]]

Surjya Narayan Patro

2026-04-23T05:53:10Z

King42: added basic pg w/ infobox

{{Short description|Indian politician (1948–2023)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image =
| name = Surjya Narayan Patro
| office = [[List of speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly|Speaker]] of the [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 1 June 2019
| term_end = 4 June 2022
| predecessor = [[Pradip Kumar Amat]]
| successor = [[Bikram Keshari Arukha]]
| office1 = [[Member of Legislative Assembly|Member]] of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start1 = 2009
| term_end1 = 2023
| constituency1 = [[Digapahandi Assembly constituency|Digapahandi]]
| term_start2 = 1990
| term_end2 = 2009
| predecessor2 = Sarat Kumar Jena
| successor2 = Chakradhara Paik
| constituency2 = [[Mohana Assembly constituency|Mohana]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2023|09|02|1948|12|24|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bhubaneshwar]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|12|24|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Berhampur]], [[Odisha]], [[India]]
| occupation = Politician
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
}}

'''Surjya Narayan Patro''' (24 December 1948 – 2 September 2023) was an Indian politician from [[Biju Janata Dal]] who served as Speaker of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2019 |title=S N Patra elected as Odisha Assembly Speaker |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/s-n-patra-elected-as-odisha-assembly-speaker-737574.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2019 |title=Surjya Narayan Patro elected as Odisha Legislative Assembly speaker |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/politics/010619/surjya-narayan-patro-elected-as-odisha-legislative-assembly-speaker.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Deccan Chronicle |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=BJD leader Surjya Narayan Patro elected as Odisha Legislative Assembly Speaker |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/politics/bjd-leader-surjya-narayan-patro-elected-as-odisha-legislative-assembly-speaker20190601162523/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Surjya Patro elected Speaker unopposed |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2019/jun/02/surjya-patro-elected-speaker-unopposed-1984809.html |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1 June 2019 |title=S.N. Patro elected Odisha House Speaker |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/sn-patro-elected-odisha-house-speaker/article27402741.ece |access-date=26 November 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In June 2022, he resigned from his post.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Haraprasad |date=5 June 2022 |title=Surjya Narayan Patro Resigned As Odisha Assembly Speaker Over Kidney Ailments: Family |url=https://pragativadi.com/surjya-narayan-patro-resigned-as-odisha-assembly-speaker-over-kidney-ailments-family/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Pragativadi |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Surjya Patro Unwell, Resigns As Odisha Assembly Speaker |url=https://odishabytes.com/surjya-patro-unwell-resigns-as-odisha-assembly-speaker/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=Odisha Bytes |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=4 June 2022 |title=Odisha Assembly Speaker, Ministers resign ahead of reshuffle |url=https://kalingatv.com/state/odisha-assembly-speaker-surjya-narayan-patro-resigns/ |access-date=26 November 2022 |website=KalingaTV |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Death==
Patro died on 2 September 2023, at the age of 74.<ref>{{cite news |title=BJD MLA & former Odisha Assembly Speaker Surjya Narayan Patro passes away |url=https://odishatv.in/news/odisha/bjd-mla-former-odisha-assembly-speaker-surjya-narayan-patro-passes-away-213904 |access-date=2 September 2023 |publisher=Odisha TV |date=2 September 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Patro, Surjya Narayan}}
[[Category:1948 births]]
[[Category:2023 deaths]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1990–1995]]
[[Category:Orissa MLAs 1995–2000]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Speakers of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

Belve

2026-04-21T12:22:40Z

King42: added basic article initial version!

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}}
{{for|the Italian TV series|Belve (TV series)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Belve
| other_name =
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = 
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Karnataka, India
| coordinates = {{coord|13|31|42|N|74|55|22|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flagu|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Karnataka]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Udupi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| parts_type = [[Taluk]]
| parts = [[Kundapura]]
| government_type =
| governing_body = [[Village Panchayat]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 13
| population_total = 3455
| population_as_of = 2011
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]]
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| registration_plate =KA
| website =
}}

'''Belve''' is a village in the [[Kundapur]] taluk of [[Udupi]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karnataka man hangs self after killing wife, poisoning two sons |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2019/nov/28/karnataka-man-hangs-self-after-killing-wife-poisoning-two-sons-2068408.html |access-date=2023-12-11 |website=The New Indian Express |date=28 November 2019 }}</ref>

== Demographics ==
In 2011, Belve had a population of 3,455 people, consisting of 1,778 females and 1677 males. The village occupies a total area of 2260.78 hecatres with a population density of 1.528 people per hectare. In 2011, the literacy rate was 70.62%, which was higher than the national average of 59.5%.<ref name="udupi-census">{{Cite web |title=Census {{!}} Udupi District {{!}} India |url=https://udupi.nic.in/en/document-category/census/ |access-date=2023-05-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2011, Belve had an employment rate of over 43.5%, 91.15% of whom were employed over 183 days in a year.<ref name="udupi-census" />

== See also ==
* [[Udupi]]
* [[Kundapura]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Settlements in Udupi district}}

[[Category:Villages in Udupi district]]

{{Udupi-geo-stub}}

Mewa Assembly constituency

2026-04-19T16:06:16Z

King42: done

{{Short description|Former Legislative Assembly constituency in Himachal Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
|name = Mewa
|state = [[Himachal Pradesh]]
|constituency_no =
|type= SLA
| map_image =
| map_caption =
| map_alt =
|district = [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh|Hamirpur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency|Hamirpur]]
|established = 
|abolished = 2012
|electors = 
|reservation = None
}}
'''Mewa''' was one of the 68 constituencies in the [[Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] of [[Himachal Pradesh]] a northern state of [[India]].<ref name=delimitation1976>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3939-dpaco-1976/ |title=The Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 1976 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |date=1 December 1976 |access-date=13 October 2021}}</ref><ref name=election1982>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3805-himachal-pradesh-1982/ |title=Himachal Pradesh 1982 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date= 6 November 2021}}</ref> It was also part of [[Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Sitting and previous MLAs from Mewa Assembly Constituency |url=http://elections.traceall.in/vidhan-sabha-assembly-election-results/Mewa-in-Himachal-Pradesh |work=Elections.in |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=DELIMITATION OF PARLIAMENTARY AND ASSEMBLY CONSTITUENCIES ORDER, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |work=Election commission of India |access-date= November 2, 2017 }}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Year
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
| [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1967]] || Amar Singh || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Jana Sangh}}
|-
| [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1972]] || Dharam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress}}
|-
| [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || Amar Singh Choudhry || {{Full party name with color|Janata Party}}
|-
| [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1982]] || rowspan=2 | Dharam Singh || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1985]]
|-
| [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1990]] || rowspan=5 | [[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] || {{Full party name with color|Bharatiya Janata Party|rowspan=5}}
|-
| [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1993]]
|-
| [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|1998]]
|-
| [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2003]]
|-
| [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2007]]
|}

== Election results ==
===Assembly Election 2007 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2007 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=24,421 |percentage=51.91% |change={{increase}}2.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,046 |percentage=29.86% |change={{decrease}}16.47 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Kaushal |party=Independent politician |votes=6,836 |percentage=14.53% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. Lal Singh Mastana |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=1,227 |percentage=2.61% |change={{increase}}1.86 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ranjeet Kumar |party=Lok Jan Shakti Party |votes=500 |percentage=1.06% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=10,375 |percentage=22.05% |change= {{increase}}19.18 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=47,044 |percentage=65.49% |change= {{decrease}}8.69 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 71,833 |ref = |change= {{increase}}15.09 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}2.72 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=22,778 |percentage=49.19% |change={{decrease}}4.35 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Suresh Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=21,449 |percentage=46.32% |change={{increase}}7.32 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amin Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=943 |percentage=2.04% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ishwari Devi |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=588 |percentage=1.27% |change={{decrease}}2.72 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dhani Ram Shukla |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=345 |percentage=0.75% |change={{decrease}}0.70 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,329 |percentage=2.87% |change= {{decrease}}11.67 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=46,302 |percentage=74.19% |change= {{increase}}3.53 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 62,416 |ref = |change= {{increase}}18.38 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{decrease}}4.35 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1998 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111191922/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1998/StatisticalReport-HP98.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=19,949 |percentage=53.55% |change={{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Kaushal |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,532 |percentage=39.01% |change={{decrease}}9.33 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Dass |party=Himachal Vikas Congress |votes=1,486 |percentage=3.99% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Braham Dass |party=Communist Party of India (Marxist) |votes=750 |percentage=2.01% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Madan Lal |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=538 |percentage=1.44% |change={{increase}}0.46 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,417 |percentage=14.54% |change= {{increase}}13.25 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,255 |percentage=71.28% |change= {{increase}}2.70 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,727 |ref = |change= {{increase}}3.80 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}3.91 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1993 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111133700/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1993/Statistical%20Report%201993%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=17,134 |percentage=49.63% |change={{decrease}}16.02 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neeraj Kumar |party=Indian National Congress |votes=16,687 |percentage=48.34% |change={{increase}}20.27 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Zulfi Ram |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=338 |percentage=0.98% |change={{decrease}}1.23 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=447 |percentage=1.29% |change= {{decrease}}36.28 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=34,520 |percentage=68.41% |change= {{increase}}1.99 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 50,796 |ref = |change= {{increase}}5.60 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Bharatiya Janata Party |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1990 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1990 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1990 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114181905/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1990/Statisticall%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201990.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Ishwar Dass Dhiman]] |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=20,832 |percentage=65.65% |change={{increase}}20.31 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,908 |percentage=28.07% |change={{decrease}}24.85 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mukesh Kumar |party=Communist Party of India |votes=934 |percentage=2.94% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mehar Singh |party=Bahujan Samaj Party |votes=700 |percentage=2.21% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Prem Chand |party=Doordarshi Party |votes=356 |percentage=1.12% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=11,924 |percentage=37.58% |change= {{increase}}30.00 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=31,730 |percentage=66.60% |change= {{decrease}}3.51 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 48,101 |ref = |change= {{increase}}31.63 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Bharatiya Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}12.73 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1985 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1985 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1985 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114090530/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1985/StatisticalReport%201985%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=14 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,437 |percentage=52.93% |change={{increase}}1.40 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mela Ram |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=11,512 |percentage=45.35% |change={{increase}}2.06 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Om Prakash |party=Independent politician |votes=296 |percentage=1.17% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Bhagat Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=142 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,925 |percentage=7.58% |change= {{decrease}}0.66 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=25,387 |percentage=70.06% |change= {{increase}}4.11 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 36,542 |ref = |change= {{increase}}4.18 }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= {{increase}}1.40 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1982 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117041754/eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1982/Statistical%20Report%201982%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=11,814 |percentage=51.53% |change={{increase}}6.29 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=9,924 |percentage=43.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Gian Chand |party=Independent politician |votes=1,059 |percentage=4.62% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sita Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=129 |percentage=0.56% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,890 |percentage=8.24% |change= {{increase}}2.09 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,926 |percentage=66.23% |change= {{increase}}13.04 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 35,077 |ref = |change= {{increase}}10.53 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Janata Party |swing= {{increase}}0.14 }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1977 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160319174923/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_1977/Statistical%20Report%201977%20Himachal%20Pradesh.pdf|archive-date=19 March 2016|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh Choudhry |party=Janata Party |votes=8,533 |percentage=51.39% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,512 |percentage=45.24% |change={{decrease}}7.69 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Mela Ram |party=Independent politician |votes=558 |percentage=3.36% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,021 |percentage=6.15% |change= {{decrease}}16.50 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=16,603 |percentage=53.16% |change= {{increase}}6.29 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,736 |ref = |change= {{increase}}7.78 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Janata Party |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1972 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1972 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/3802-himachal-pradesh-1972/ |title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1972 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=10 February 2022}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Dharam Singh |party=Indian National Congress |votes=7,173 |percentage=52.93% |change={{increase}}26.30 }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Rup Singh Phul |party=Independent politician |votes=4,104 |percentage=30.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=2,274 |percentage=16.78% |change={{decrease}}44.30 }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,069 |percentage=22.65% |change= {{decrease}}11.80 }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,551 |percentage=47.60% |change= {{increase}}3.07 }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 29,445 |ref = |change= {{increase}}11.41 }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
===Assembly Election 1967 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1967 Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly election]]: Mewa<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Election Commission of India]]|title=Statistical Report on General Election, 1967 to the Legislative Assembly of Himachal Pradesh |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117081612/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_1967/Statistical%20Report%20Himachal%20Pradesh%201967.pdf|archive-date=17 January 2012|format=pdf}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Amar Singh |party=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |votes=6,933 |percentage=61.08% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=R. Phul |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,023 |percentage=26.63% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=M. Ram |party=Republic Party Of India |votes=1,395 |percentage=12.29% |change= ''New''}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=3,910 |percentage=34.45% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=11,351 |percentage=45.97% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 26,430 |ref = |change= }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Bharatiya Jana Sangh |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
* [[Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
* [[List of constituencies of Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{coord|31.98|76.19|display=title}}
{{Assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh}}

[[Category:Former assembly constituencies of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Hamirpur district, Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Politics of Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1967]]
[[Category:1967 establishments in Himachal Pradesh]]
[[Category:Constituencies disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:2012 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Long stubs with short prose]]

{{India-constituency-stub}}
{{HimachalPradesh-geo-stub}}

Mulla Hakim Muhammad Azim

2026-04-18T16:29:08Z

King42: stub

{{Short description|Kashmiri Poet, physician and courtier}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox nobility
| name = Mulla Hakim Muhammad Azim-al Din
| image = Mulla Maqbara, Hassanabad, Srinagar, Kashmir.jpg
| caption = Cemetery of Poets, Sringar (early 19th century CE)
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1804|08|01}}
| resting_place = [[Mulla Maqbara]], Hassanabad, Srinagar
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1853|06|23|1804|08|01}}
| death_place = Babapora, [[Srinagar]]
| issue = *Mulla Hakim Abdul Rahim
*Mulla Hakim Muhammad Muqim
| title = Kashmiri Poet (Marsiya Nigar)
| occupation = *Chief Royal Physician (''Shahi Hakīm'')
*Custodian of Sericulture (''Darogha i Abri Resham''')
| parents = Mulla Hakim Muhammad Javad
| native_name = مُلا حکیٖم مُحمد عظیٖم الدیٖن (عظیم صٲب)
| birth_place = Babapora, Srinagar, Kashmir
| residence = Srinagar, Lahore, Amritsar, Jammu
}}
'''Mulla Hakim Muhammad Azim-al Din''' ({{langx|ks|{{nq|مُلا حکیٖم مُحمد عظیٖم الدیٖن}}}}); 1220–1269 AH / 1805–1852/63 CE) was a Kashmiri polymath, [[Hakim (title)#Hakīm (حكيم)|physician]], philosopher, astronomer, a polyglot who wrote both in Kashmiri and Persian, and a courtier, who is widely regarded amongst the foremost [[Kashmiri Marsiya]] writers.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Sajjad |first=Maqbool |title=Kuliyat-i Hakim Azim wa Munshi Muhammad Yusuf |publisher=Imam Hussein Research & Publishing Centre |year=2000 |edition=2nd |location=Srinagar |publication-date=2000 |language=ks}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hamdani |first=Hakim Ghulam Safdar |title=Aush ti Aab |publisher=Skyline Publications |year=2009 |publication-date=2009 |language=ks}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Kazmi |first=Anees |title=Kashir Marthiya hunz Tarikh |publisher=Gulshan-i-Adab |year=1975 |location=Budgam}}</ref><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Budgami |first=Shahid |title=Kashir Marsy Hund Tawareekh |publisher=Taj Printing Service |year=2014 |edition=3rd}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Ansari |first=Shaukat |title=Kashiren Marssiyen Hund Intikhab |publisher=Sahitiya Academy |year=2015 |isbn=978-81-260-4855-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-18 |title=Kashmiri Marsiya-Evolution and Transition: The Sustainment of Grief |url=https://kashmirobserver.net/2019/05/18/kashmiri-marsiya-evolution-and-transition-the-sustainment-of-grief/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Kashmir Observer |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last1=Shauq |first1=Shafi |title=Kashir Zaban ti Adabuk Twarikh |last2=Munwar |first2=Najji |publisher=Ali Muhammad & Sons |year=2008 |location=Srinagar |pages=125–27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=migrator |date=2020-08-29 |title=Marsiya: Beyond the "literal lament" |url=https://www.greaterkashmir.com/opinion/marsiya-beyond-the-literal-lament/ |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Greater Kashmir |language=en-US}}</ref> One of the leading personalities of the Kashmiri Shia community and Kashmir itself in the nineteenth century,<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Hamdani |first=Hakim Sameer |title=Shiʿism in Kashmir: a history of Sunni-Shiʿi rivalry and reconciliation |date=2023 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-0-7556-4395-0 |edition=First published in Great Britain |series=Islamic South Asia series |location=London New York Oxford New Delhi Sydney}}</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /> Azim is also known in history as Mulla Azim, Hakim Azim and Hakim Azim Kashmiri.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Ibrahim |first=Moulvi Muhammad |title=Tazkira-i Khushnavisan-i Kashmir |publisher=Moulvi Muhammad Ibrahim Trust |year=1997 |location=Srinagar |pages=124 |language= }}</ref> He served as the Chief Physician at the court of [[Gulab Singh|Maharaja Gulab Singh]] (r. 1846–1857), the first Dogra ruler of Kashmir.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Zuthsi |first=Chitralekha |title=Languages of Belonging: Islam, Regional Identity, and the Making of Kashmir |publisher=Permanent Black |year=2003 |isbn=81-7824-060-2 |location=Delhi |pages=73}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Hamdani |first=Hakim Ghulam Safdar |title=Tārīkh −i Shiyan-i Kashmir |publisher=Imam Hussein Research & Publishing Centre |year=2014 |editor-last=Sajjid |editor-first=Maqbool |edition=3rd |location=Srinagar |editor-last2=Hamdani |editor-first2=Hakim Sameer}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Sufi |first=GMD |title=Kashir: Being a history of Kashmir |date=1974 |publisher=Gulshan Books |isbn=978-8183392389 |edition=1999 |location=Srinagar}}</ref> Before this, he held positions at the court of [[Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] in Lahore and under [[Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din#:~:text=Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din ( d.,and 1841–1846, respectively.|Shaykh Ghulam-Mohyi-al Din]], the Sikh governor of Kashmir.<ref name=":4" /> A prodigious talent, he began composing marsiya (elegiac poetry mourning the martyrdom of [[Husayn ibn Ali|Imam Hussayn]]) at a young age. By the age of twenty-five, he had already written notable works such as ''Qafas'' ("Cage").<ref name=":2" /> Among his celebrated marsiya are ''Kitab'' ("Book"), ''Baradari'' ("Brotherhood"), ''Musa'' ("Moses"), ''Peeri'' ("Oldness"), Sarafi (“Money Changer”), Rau (“Face”)and ''Chah'' (“Well”) which reflect his poetic depth and thematic range.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> He is remembered as the poet who was largely responsible for transforming the Kashmiri ''marsiya'' from a simple elegy into an intellectual and artistic feat unsurpassed in Kashmiri language.<ref name=":0" /> His legacy endures in Kashmir, particularly among the Shia population, where his marsiya remain a vital part of [[Muharram]] observances. On his death, he was buried at his ancestral graveyard, Mulla Maqbara, located in Hassanabad, [[Srinagar]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

== Life ==

=== Early life and education ===
Azim was born in 1219 AH (1804 CE) into a prominent Shia family, the Mulla Hamdani lineage, in the Babapora mohalla of Srinagar. The family traces its lineage from Mulla Muhammad Said-al Din Hamdani ({{lang|ks|مُلا سعید الدین ہمدانی}}) also known as Mulla Said, the first ''mutawali'' (custodian) of Khanqah-i Maulla at Srinagar.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> This neighbourhood had been established by his ancestors, who first arrived in Kashmir during the fifteenth century alongside the Persian Sufi saint Mir Muhammad Hamdani.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Shauq |first=Shafi |title=Tareikh-i Hassan: A History of Kashmir |publisher=Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages |year=2016 |location=Srinagar}}</ref> Azim's forebear, Mulla Said-ud-Din Hamdani, served as the first custodian of the [[Khanqah-e-Moula|Khanqah-i Maulla]], the principal hospice of the Hamdani order in Srinagar.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /><ref name=":8" /> His great-grandfather, Mulla Abdul Ghani ibn Abi Talib Hamdani (d. 1755), was a distinguished Shia jurist who, in 1749, completed the first Persian translation of [https://en.wikishia.net/view/Shara%27i%27_al-Islam_fi_masa%27il_al-halal_wa_l-haram_(book) Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām], a foundational text in Shia jurisprudence authored by [[Muhaqqiq al-Hilli|al-Muhaqqiq al-Hilli]] (d. 1277 CE).
[[File:Hakim Azim's copy of Risala.jpg|thumb|Risala-i Safi copied by Azim at Lahore]]

[[File:Manuscript painting of Abdullah Khan Alkozai surrounded by courtiers, Kashmir, 1798.jpg|thumb|Abdullah Khan holding durbar in Srinagar]]
Azim was one of seven male siblings. His father, Hakim Mulla Muhammad Javad, held the position of Chief Physician at the court of Sardar Abdullah Khan Barakzai, the Afghan governor of Kashmir (r. 1795–1807). Due to Abdullah Khan's anti-Shia policies, Javad distanced himself from the governor and aligned with the royal army dispatched by Afghan king [[Zaman Shah Durrani]] under Mukhtar al-Dawla to depose Abdullah Khan.<ref name=":8" /> It is believed that Hakim Javad died during or shortly after these tumultuous events.<ref name=":2" /> Not much is known about Azim's teachers but the early part of his education would have been undertaken at home with family elders. Maqbool Sajid mentions that Azim studied under Mulla Muhammad Muqim, a distinguished Shia scholar from Nabdipora in Srinagar, but this is in no way certain.<ref name=":0" /> At the age of 27, we find Azim was already associated with the court of Maharaja Ranjit Singha at Lahore.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> It was at Lahore that in 1832, he completed his copy of ''Risala-i-Safi'', a work on [[Persian metres|Persian prosody]] written in 896 AH/ 1464 CE by the poet Saifi Bukhari.<ref name=":0" /> The manuscript is indicative of Azim's masterly grasp on the subject, as can be seen in the way he has expanded on the original text. In addition to [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Arabic]], Azim was also well versed in [[Urdu]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] and [[Dogri language|Dogri]]. During his stay at Lahore, Azim also visited Amritsar, where he had two books on Arabic grammar and rhetoric copied: ''Risala-i Kafi'' and ''Risala-i Zinjani''.<ref name=":7" /> The author of ''Tazkira-i Khushnavisan-i Kashmir'', lists Azim amongst calligraphers of nineteenth century, and writes about him:<blockquote>Mulla Muhammad Azim Kashmir in addition to his command over grammar and rhetoric was also well versed with the knowledge of medicine. Probably he was employed in Amritsar, where he also used to give lessons in Arabic.<ref name=":7" /> </blockquote>Well versed in all traditional medieval Islamic sciences, Azim was known during his life as the Bu-Ali Sina ([[Avicenna]]) of his time.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> A poet, physician, scholar, courtier well versed in philosophy, calligraphy, astrology, numerology, he had a penchant for knowledge and men of knowledge.<ref name=":4" /> Almost half a century after his death, Allama Sayyid Baqir Rizvi remembered Azim in his description of the prominent Shia figures of Kashmir with these words: <blockquote>‘The one with the dignified countenance Mulla Muhammad Azim may Allah Bless his soul’.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Sayyid Muhammad Baqir |title=Risala Saif al Saram |publisher=Self published |date=n.d. |location=Lahore}}</ref></blockquote>

== Career ==
[[File:Quran commissioned by Hakim Azim in 1851.jpg|thumb|Quran commissioned by Azim in 1851]]

=== Chief Royal Physician and Courtier ===
Mirza Saif-al Din the author of Akhbarat writes, that Azim was one of the few jagirdar of Kashmir whose name was registered in a special diwan at Lahore, and whose land holdings were left undisturbed by Gulab Singh on assuming the control of Kashmir in 1847.<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":2" /> Earlier, the Sikh governor of Kashmir, [[Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din#:~:text=Shaikh Ghulam Muhy-ud-Din ( d.,and 1841–1846, respectively.|Shaykh Ghulam-Muhy-al Din]] had entrusted Azim with settling the political affairs in [[Gilgit]] after its conquest by the Sikh army in 1843. The governor had ample trust in Azim's wisdom, and was of the opinion that there was no one else at the court as, ''‘mʿūtabar (reliable), danā (prudent), and fahmida (intelligent) as ʿAẕim’''.<ref name=":2" />

A multi-faceted personality, Hakim Azim was also responsible for organising the silk industry in Kashmir, which witnessed a boom under his supervision. In this regards, GMD Sufi notes,<blockquote>In 1855 two years before Maharaja Gulab Singhs death, there was an outbreak of a silkworm disease in Europe. Two Italian experts obtained from Kashmir 25,000 ounces of seed in 1860 which registers improvement in the industry. Maharaja Gulab Singh had entrusted silk production to his Chief Physician, Hakim Azim.<ref name=":11" /> </blockquote>
[[File:Mirza Saif's discription of Azim.png|thumb|Mirza Saif's on Azim at the Sikh court]]
In his account, Mirza Saif mentions that Azim had also managed the Sericulture industry for the Sikh subedar, Shaykh Ghulam Mohyi-al Din. Pandit Raj Kak Dhar who was serving as the ''Daroga-Dagh-i Shawl'' (Custodian of the Shawl Industry),<ref name=":11" /> suggested Azim's name to Maharaja Gulab Singh for reviving the silk industry. Though initially Azim declined Gulab Singh order, he was finally forced to take own the additional duty of ''Daroga-i Abi Resham'' (Custodian of Sericulture).<ref name=":2" />

It was on Azim's advice that Mulla Fazal Ansari (d. 1263AH /1846CE), a Shia scholar from a village in North Kashmir, relocated to Srinagar settling down in Khanqah-i Sokhta.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> During medieval period the area had served as the centre of Shia activities in the city, centred around the Khanqah of Baba Khalil,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chadurah |first=Malik Haidar |title=Tarikh-i Kashmir |publisher=Bhavna Prakashan |year=1991 |location=Delhi |translator-last=Banoo |translator-first=Razia |trans-title=History of Kashmir by Haider Malik Chadurah}}</ref> a leading Shia scholar, respected by the Chak Sultans. After the khanqah was burnt down in Shia-Sunni riot, most of the Shia population migrated from this neighbourhood.<ref name=":4" /> During the 19th century the area had emerged as the family seat of the powerful Hindu Dhar family, headed by Raj Kak Dhar, who served both the Sikh and Dogra court.<ref name=":10" /> Azim used his courtly ties with Raj Kak, to facilitate the relocation of the Ansari's. When a Shia-Sunni riot broke in the city in 1831,<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":9" /> the house of the Mulla Fazal was also burnt and the family found refuge with the Dhar family.<ref name=":2" />

In 1852, an Iranian scholar, Sayyid Ibrahim Qazvini<ref name=":2" /> arrived in Srinagar and started preaching in the [[:simple:Imambara Zadibal|Zadibal Imambada]]. His teaching became popular amongst the Shia working classes and enraged many wealthy Shia ''karkhana'' owners who were involved in the lucrative Kashmir shawl trade. These traders approached Azim and accused Qazvini of being critical of Shia faith. Convinced of the charges, Azim had Qazvini banished from Kashmir. Later on when Azim came to know about the actual facts, he was deeply grieved and would always recall the event with great sorrow.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" />
[[File:Hakim Azim's verdict on Imambara Zadibal.png|thumb|Azim's verdict on Imambara Zadibal]]

In 1850, when the Kashmiri Shia community was divided on the custodianship of Marak, the historic imambada at Zadibal.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> This issue would in later decades result in a deep rift within the Kashmiri Shia community, dividing it in two groups. Azim was asked by the Shia ulema to intervene and give his judgemen.t<ref name=":0" /> In his verdict, Azim supported the claim of the Marakdar family who had served as the traditional custodians of the imambada:<blockquote>Since old times, the Mʿārakdarī (looking after Mʿārak) of Mʿārak -i Zadibal (the imāmbāda) from generation to generation has been the responsibility of the descendants of the marhum-o magfur (the forgiven on him Allah’s mercy is bestowed) Mīr Muhammad Razā, may he be forgiven, for carrying the service of burning lights (chirag-i sozī), etc. In the said Mʿārak, the descendants of the above mentioned have fulfilled their responsibility with competence. For the moment, they are retained in their old authority [. . .] no one has the authority, on his own without the permission of the descendants of the fore mentioned to appoint someone else to this responsibility.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Oral traditions accuse Azim of having persecuted, Aga Sayyid Mehdi Mousavi (d. 1309AH / 1892 CE), a religious scholar, on his return to Kashmir. Mehdi was seen as a leading supporter of the claim of Marakdar family, and would repeatedly clash with ulema of Ansari family who were backed by Azim. Maqbool Sajid in his research rejects this view based on the fact Azim predeceased Mehdi's return to Srinagar by twenty-seven years.<ref name=":0" />

=== Revival of Shiism in Kashmir ===
Sameer Hamdani is of the opinion that Azim was a pivotal figure involved in the revival of Shiism and Shia symbols in Kashmir.<ref name=":2" /> His short life spans across the Sikh and early Dogra rule in Kashmir, which also mark the reorganisation of Shia community life in Kashmir. As the leading Shia figure in both Sikh and Dogra durbar, he used his influence for the advancement and safeguarding of the community which had suffered extensively under the earlier Afghan regime.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> The relocation of the Ansari family proved to be consequential in this revival of intellectual and religious traditions in the city. As Sameer Hamdani writes:<blockquote>Given the geographical distance between Kashmir and the hawza's in Iran and Iraq, Azim saw the scholars of the Ansari dynasty as the natural choice of circumventing the near -impossible possibility of approaching the hawzas in the shrine cities for direction in the day-to-day life of the community.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>
[[File:Hakim Azim's letter.jpg|thumb|Hakim Azim's letter to Khan Bahadur Sayyid Rajab Ali Khan Naqvi]]
In doing so, Azim was following the pattern adopted by Khan Bahadur Sayyid Rajab Ali Khan Naqvi,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rizvi |first=Syed Athar Abbas |title=A Socio Intellectual History Of The Isna Ashari Shi'is In India (2 vols.) |publisher=Marifat Publishing House |year=1986 |location=Canberra}}</ref> whose close association with the British colonial authority had resulted in a Shia revival in Punjab.<ref name=":2" /> Azim was intimately connected with Rajab Ali and in one of his letters to him he writes about his efforts to popularize the commemoration of Imam Husayn's martyrdom in Kashmir.<ref name=":2" />

A major activity for this revival was the devotion that Azim gave to development of Kashmiri marsiya. Given its popular appeal, marsiya served as the most important tool for dissimulation of Shia thought and history in the nineteenth century. Simultaneously with public enactment of marsiya at Imambara Zadibal, Azim in co-operation with other community elite was successful in remaking of this space as the central symbol of Shia revival in Kashmir.<ref name=":2" />

== Azim and Kashmiri Marsiya ==
In the early nineteenth century, Khwaja Hassan Mir, a poet from rural Kashmir, introduced Azim and his two cousins, Munshi Muhammed Yusuf and Munshi Shah Muhammad, to the craft of Kashmiri marsiya (Kạ̄shir Marsī کٲشِر مَرثی) writing. This was a pivotal encounter, described in folklore as a "serendipitous act".<ref name=":2" /> Azim wholeheartedly embraced this art form, and his letter to Rajab Ali Khan reveals his deep passion for harnessing marsiya as a powerful medium for Shia awakening:<blockquote>Having sent that for such a long time at an adverse fate, I necessarily intended to bring out the shinning pearls of its sad contents, which I had spun together in new ways, and arrange it on the lines of a Kashmiri Marsiya.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>Azims's remarkable skill and talent in transforming a literary form—previously rooted in oral folk traditions—establish him as a foundational figure in the development of the structured marsiya tradition (maqam bandh marsiya).<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":5" /> Recited across the length and breadth of the valley in ''majalis'' these ''marsiya'' mark a high point of Kashmiri literature.A contemporary researcher, Maqbool Sajid, credits Azim for introducing the elements of portraiture (''sarapa nigari''), narrative-description of events ''(vaqah navisi)'' and imagery (''manzar nigari'') in Kashmiri ''marsiya,'' thus dramatically affecting the overall context. This experimentation widened the scope of individual artistic expression beyond the limits of the elegiac and religious temper of this genre. Azim was also responsible for transforming the marsiya into a highly intellectualized literary genre with the use of elaborate metaphors and images, often suggesting multiple readings and meanings.<ref name=":0" /> Given his interests in politics and revival of Shia identity, we also find references to significant political events in his poetry. One of his marsiya, Qafas (“Cage”) is set within the background of Shia-Sunni riot of 1831 in which many Shia lost their lives and property:<blockquote>O Master! you are our guardian

fortify our souls,

for our wings are clipped, flights aborted.

…..

Secure us under your wings,

we are devoted to you, do not abandon us

O you with a phoenix wing.

We are caught in the talons of a tyrant,

like an innocent dove in a hawk's,

there's no refuge for us except you,

redeem us, O Master!<ref name=":2" /> </blockquote>It is said that in one of his marsiya, Sheer (“Milk”), Azim is said to have mocked some of his senior contemporaries from rural Kashmir.<ref name=":4" /> In ''Kitab'' (Book), one of the most highly regarded Kashmiri marsiya, composed by Azim in 1253 AH/1837 CE,<ref name=":0" /> his command over the language remains unsurpassed:

Lord! Bestow thy grace that I may pen thy book of eulogy.

Accept my offering of shukur, so I may commence my learning.

And, the light of thy essence may dawn in the gloom of my ignorance,

so that I may remember anew that eternal pledge of allegiance.

Men learned listening of thy attributes fall into veils of despair.

Oh! That one may grasp but an atom of thy creation, thy purpose.

Even the Prophet, that eloquent tongue, read la ohsee there instead.

What disrespect then, that tongue-tied I, may extol thy creation.

The universe itself is a whirl teaching thy essence.

The moon outshining the stars in perpetual motion-lighting thy creation: teaching.

And yet men at the nadir of life glaze at that page of enlightenment: first and still unread.

..........

The page of thy messengers was sealed, when for his last message,

the Lord from the seminary of creation choose Muhammed, The Seal of Prophets.

to correct, to complete his teachings.

Angels and spirits salute:

“Praise the teacher who made the sun re-read its course, split the moon, a sign to learned men.

The un-lettered who opened the pages of God’s testament.

All learners, aspirers cried, no knowledge that knows not he”.

What can I then extol his grace whose eulogy is in the Quran itself.

He for whose sake, Ibrahim, Adam nay, the universe itself

was created from the uncreated self!

............

In the name of Allah, the merciful, the compassionate.

Lo! I praise Ali, the door of all knowledge, all essence.

The one who cleaved, truth from untruth.

The Spirit of Islam, keeper of the Prophet's Garden, his helper.

Verily, they are the two who from the Lord received knowledge in its essence.

If all the leaves and flowers were penned in his praise

still would remain un-written, unread, his nobility, his grace.

For the Prophet and Gabriel praised him as the Lord had praised himself.

He was the speaking Quran raised on the Prophet's shoulder.

Whose pulpit was out of the grasp of the sky and heaven.

What then, can I say of that martyr?

Come let us raise the cry of salutations, heavens are his who but pens a line in his praise.

..............

Oh! What calamity, what times? What befell the Imam?

Look how the Kufi's, bookless, repaid the Prophet for his teachings.

How they honour him? How they respect his sanctity?

Look how the heads of his children's

Are raised on lances; offerings of Shumr to Yazid.

With the Quran around his neck Husayn had approached Ibn Saad at Karbala.

“Oh, tyrant! I am the sage ever ready for the death,

but know you not, that Quran was revealed to us.

Surely the world knows of it or have you not read the Sura Muhammed?

My Grandfather had preached in his sermons time and time again

Oh! Muslims I leave but two gifts with you, the Book and my Family

maintain their sanctity always for they represent me.

Lo! Today you are forsaking the Prophet’s teaching,

how then will you face him tomorrow in mehshar?

Lo! But which religion asks of you to kill me?

From which book of the law do you issue my death warrant”.

Alas! What had fate written for Zainab?

To re-live, re-read, recite the woes of Muharram!

Alas! her night, her days spent in anguish, in fear, in lament!

When the day would dawn in the dark dungeon

she would remember anew her nephews, her lost children,

and cry:

“Wake! The time for lessons has come it honors you nought to dwell in slumber.

The teacher is in waiting, go and pay your salutations,

Or, if with Grandfather you are studying, tell him then of Umar-i Saad

his tyranny, his acts of terror.

Alas! What fate? What destiny? I am left to lament, my family; my burden,

my arms tied; my back broken.

Oh! but that I could see,

Ali Akbar opening his book, Asghar; stammering in his lessons.

Alas! The Prophet’s progeny rendered desolate.

Alas! Eighteen brothers of Zainab, slaughtered under the sword.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hamdani |first=Hakim Sameer |title=Kashmiri Marsiya |journal=Harmukh}}</ref>

One of Azim’s most famous marsiya remains ''Baradari'' (Brotherhood). Verses from this marsiya are invariably recited in the [[Ashura]] procession, especially in the procession accompanying the [[Zuljanah|Zuljinah]]. These include Lady Zainab’s lament on the martyrdom of Imam Husayn:

And then Zainab wept,

Oh, leader of my tribe,

May I be your sacrifice;

None remains here to mourn you,

Shall I not call out to Abbas?

“Come, wash your brother; do not let the waterskin fall, yet”.

When the wayfarers see you in this state on the road,

Will they not be moved to grief?

Will they not ask,

"Who is this dead traveler—poor and alone?

Unaware of the ways of life?

Did he not have a son?

To bury him?

To mourn him in his death."<ref name=":0" />

=== Marsiya written by Azim ===
The total number of marsiya written by Azim vary from twenty four to twenty eight.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /> In addition he also wrote a number of shorter dirges including ''van, ravana, vazn-i doum'' and ''vabandh''. Some scholars are of the opinion that Azim wrote those marsiya jointly with his second cousin, [[Mulla Munshi Muhammad Yusuf]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hashmi |first=Manzoor |title=Hussaniyat |publisher=self published |location=Srinagar |publication-date=1996}}</ref> The main marsiya written by Azim include:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="7" |Title of the Marisya
|-
|Aftab
{{lang|ks|آفتاب}}
|Darakht-i Touba
{{lang|ks|درخت طوبی}}
|Khaliq al Kalam
{{lang|ks|خالق الکلام}}
|Mar
{{lang|ks|مار}}
|Qafas
{{lang|ks|قفس}}
|Sarafi
{{lang|ks|صرافئ}}
|Zangir
{{lang|ks|زنجیر}}
|-
|Baradari
{{lang|ks|برادری}}
|Hawa
{{lang|ks|ہوا}}
|Khawab
{{lang|ks|خواب}}
|Musa
{{lang|ks|موسی}}
|Rau
{{lang|ks|رو}}
|Sher
'''{{lang|ks|شیر}}'''
|Laskhar
{{lang|ks|لشکر}}
|-
|Chah
{{lang|ks|چاہ}}
|Kassa
{{lang|ks|کا سہ}}
|Kitab
{{lang|ks|کتاب}}
|Namak
{{lang|ks|نمک}}
|Sal o Mah
{{lang|ks|سال ہ ماہ}}
|Shir
{{lang|ks|شیر}}
|Kheema
{{lang|ks|خیمہ}}
|-
|Dar
{{lang|ks|در}}
|Khakh
{{lang|ks|خاک}}
|Koh
{{lang|ks|کوہ}}
|Peeri
{{lang|ks|پیری}}
|Sar
{{lang|ks|سر}}
|Tasbih
{{lang|ks|تسبیح}}
|Safar
{{lang|ks|سفر}}
|}

== Anecdotes ==
It is related that while he was in Lahore, the Azim developed a likening for astrology and a renowned astrologer of the city offered to teach him against payment of money for each class. After attending a couple of lessons, Azim ceased his classes. One day he came across the astrologer in the streets of Lahore, who enquired from him as to why he had ceased attending the classes. Azim replied that after studying a few lessons he simply did not feel the need for attending any more classes. Incensed by this reply, the astrologer asked him to solve certain astrological problems, and immediately Azim kneeled and drew the required sketch there itself on the dusty street. Displeased and angry the astrologer remarked that if he had known that the Azim was blessed with this intelligent, he would not even have taught him those few lessons.<ref name=":4" />

GMD Sufi, in his book, ''Kashir'', writes about Hakim Azim:<blockquote>Hakim Muhammad Jawad’s son, Hakim Mohammad Azim, rose to the position of the chief physician of the Maharaja Ranjit Singh at Lahore. The hakim was a great scholar of Arabic and a poet. Like his father, there is a curious tradition about him also. It is said that, while going on a boat, he saw a man bathing at a ghat on the river, and perceived that he was suffering from a certain disease of which the man himself seemed quite ignorant. The hakim stopped his boat, and warned the man that he would have serious trouble if he did not immediately rub fresh cow-dung on his body, and then sit in the sun till the cow-dung dried up completely, and fell of his body. The man obeyed the hakim, and when the dried cow dung fell of his body, it was found full of lice.<ref name=":11" /> </blockquote>While travelling from Jammu to Srinagar, the Azim's entourage once camped at Sular, Dooru-Shahabad a halting place on the route. Here Azim met a Sunni astrologer, Ayatollah (''Aya Baba''). Impressed by the astrologers’ knowledge, Azim bought him home, to reside and teach his son Hakim Abdul Rahim, saying,<blockquote>It is a disgrace that such a knowledgeable man should be lost in the dusts of obscurity.<ref name=":4" /></blockquote>The incident highlights Azim's ecumenical nature, patronising a Sunni man of knowledge at a time when the two communities were still torn apart by sectarian differences, misunderstandings and conflict.

== Death ==
Azim died at the age of forty-eight on Ramzan 19, 1269 AH (July 26, 1853). The date is significant in the Shia liturgical calendar as it marks the day when [[Ali|Imam Ali]] was assassinated. The funeral prayer was offered by Akhund Mulla Javad Ansari who was with Azim on his deathbed. Historians Mirza Saif and Hakim Safdar both note that Azim's death was unexpected, and deeply shocked Gulab Singh, though Azim himself was aware of his approaching death.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4" /> According to Saif, upon learning of Azim's demise, Gulab Singh sent Shaykh Illahi Baksh, a senior Muslim court officer to Azim's home to offer his condolences. On his return to Srinagar, Gulab Singh honoured Azim's son, Hakim Abdul Rahim, in an open court session, and presented him with two Pashmina shawls. Additionally, Rahim was appointed to succeed his father as Chief Physician and ''Darogha-i Abi Resham''. Azim was laid to rest in his family's ancestral graveyard in Hassanabad, a predominantly Shia neighbourhood of Srinagar, in vicinity of a mosque built by his father.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" />

== References ==

<references />

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1804 births]]
[[Category:1853 deaths]]
[[Category:Kashmiri poets]]
[[Category:Writers from Srinagar]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Kashmiri Muslims]]
[[Category:Kashmiri writers]]
[[Category:Islamic philosophers]]

Dimapur II Assembly constituency

2026-04-16T04:42:12Z

King42: started first article more to come

{{short description|Legislative Assembly constituency in Nagaland State, India}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Indian constituency
| map_image = Dimapur II Assembly constituency map.svg
| name = Dimapur II
| state = [[Nagaland]]
| district = [[Dimapur district|Dimapur]]
| loksabha_cons = [[Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency|Nagaland]]
| established = 1974
| constituency_no = 2
| reservation = ST
| type = SLA
| mla = [[Moatoshi Longkumer]]
|party = {{Party index link|Naga People's Front}}
| alliance = {{Party index link|National Democratic Alliance}}
| latest_election_year = [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]]
| electors = {{formatnum:58627}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/14874-nagaland-general-legislative-election-2023/ |title=Nagaland General Legislative Election 2023 |publisher=[[Election Commission of India]] |access-date=20 April 2023}}</ref>{{update after|2028|5}}
}}
'''Dimapur II''' is one of the 60 [[Nagaland Legislative Assembly|Legislative Assembly]] constituencies of [[Nagaland]] state in [[India]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in/States/nagaland/nagaland-w.htm |title=NAGALAND LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY |website=legislativebodiesinindia.nic.in |access-date=10 February 2021}}</ref> It is part of [[Dimapur district]] and is reserved for candidates belonging to the [[Scheduled Tribes]]. It is also part of [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)|Nagaland Lok Sabha constituency]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dimapur II assembly Constituency |url=https://www.elections.in/nagaland/assembly-constituencies/dimapur-ii.html |website=election.in |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dimapur constituency |url=https://dimapur.nic.in/constituencies/ |website=Dimapur.nic.in |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref>

== Members of the Legislative Assembly ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Election
!Member
!colspan=2|Party
|-
|-
| [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1974]] || Lhomithi Sema || {{Full party name with color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}
|-
| [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1977]] || rowspan=2 | I. Vikheshe || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1982]]
|-
| [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1987]] || rowspan=2 | Imtisunget Jamir || {{Full party name with color|Independent politician}}
|-
| [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1989]] || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=3}}
|-
| [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1993]] || S. I. Jamir
|-
| [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|1998]] || Imtisunget Jamir
|-
| [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2003]] || [[Y. Hewoto Awomi]] || {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2008]] || rowspan=2 | S. I. Jamir || {{Full party name with color|Indian National Congress|rowspan=2}}
|-
| [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2013]]
|-
| [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2018]] || rowspan=2 | [[Moatoshi Longkumer]]{{efn|Elected as NDPP candidate in 2023 but merged with NPF in 2025.}}|| {{Full party name with color|Naga People's Front}}
|-
| [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election|2023]] || {{Full party name with color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}
|}

== Election results ==
{{bar box
|float=right
|title= Vote share of winning candidates
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=300px
|barwidth=275px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2023|2023]]|{{party color|Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party}}|53.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2018|2018]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|56.72}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2013|2013]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|37.90}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2008|2008]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.34}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 2003|2003]]|{{party color|Naga People's Front}}|48.19}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1993|1993]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|54.39}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1989|1989]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|81.90}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1987|1987]]|{{party color|Independent politician}}|41.73}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1982|1982]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|36.63}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1977|1977]]|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|47.27}}
{{bar percent|[[#Assembly Election 1974|1974]]|{{party color|Nagaland Nationalist Organisation}}|57.16}}
}}
=== Assembly Election 2023 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2023 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II<ref name=election2023>{{cite news |last1=The Indian Express |title=Nagaland Assembly Election results 2023: Check full list of winners |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |access-date=3 March 2023 |date=2 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230303042608/https://indianexpress.com/elections/nagaland-assembly-election-results-2023-winners-8473973/ |archive-date=3 March 2023 |language=en}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Moatoshi Longkumer]] |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=23,856 |percentage=53.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Y. Vikheho Awomi|party=Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas)|votes=18,709|percentage=41.71%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=S. Amento Chishi|party=Indian National Congress|votes=1,784|percentage=3.98%|change=}}
{{Election box candidate with party link||candidate=Nota|party=None of the above|votes=505|percentage=1.13%|change=-0.25%}}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=5,147 |percentage=11.48% |change=-6.46% }}
{{Election box turnout|votes=44,854|percentage=76.51%|change=2.36%}}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 58,627 |change =12.36% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= -3.53% }}
{{Election box end}}

=== Assembly Election 2018 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2018 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II<ref name=election2018>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128161430/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/13th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2018.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 13th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2018 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Moatoshi Longkumer |party=Naga People's Front |votes=21,942 |percentage=56.72% |change=28.22% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Supulebten |party=Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party |votes=15,003 |percentage=38.78% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Dr. S. Amos Lkr |party=Aam Aadmi Party |votes=1,211 |percentage=3.13% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=None of the Above |party=None of the above |votes=531 |percentage=1.37% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=6,939 |percentage=17.94% |change=13.61% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=38,687 |percentage=74.14% |change= -6.12% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 52,179 |change =12.17% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 18.81% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2013 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2013 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II<ref name=election2013>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125124535/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/12th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2013.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2013 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=14,151 |percentage=37.90% |change=-16.44% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Savi Liegise |party=Independent politician |votes=12,536 |percentage=33.58% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lipok |party=Naga People's Front |votes=10,641 |percentage=28.50% |change=-17.49% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,615 |percentage=4.33% |change=-4.03% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=37,335 |percentage=80.26% |change= 5.38% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,518 |change =5.43% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -16.44% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2008 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2008 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II<ref name=election2008>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128170532/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/11th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2008.pdf |archive-date=28 January 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 11th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2008 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=17,954 |percentage=54.34% |change=8.87% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Savi Liegise |party=Naga People's Front |votes=15,195 |percentage=45.99% |change=-2.20% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,759 |percentage=8.35% |change=5.64% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=33,038 |percentage=75.13% |change= 11.62% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 44,124 |change =-3.97% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Naga People's Front |swing= 6.15% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 2003 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[2003 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II<ref name=election2003>{{cite web |url=https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220623083626/https://ceo.nagaland.gov.in/ElectionFiles/NLA/10th_General_Election_Report_NLA_2003.pdf |archive-date=23 June 2022 | title = Report on the General Election to the 10th Nagaland Legislative Assembly 2003 |website=Chief Electoral Officer, Nagaland}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=[[Y. Hewoto Awomi]] |party=Naga People's Front |votes=14,006 |percentage=48.19% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtisunget Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=13,218 |percentage=45.48% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Konbemo |party=Bharatiya Janata Party |votes=1,841 |percentage=6.33% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=788 |percentage=2.71% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=29,065 |percentage=63.25% |change= -20.36% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 45,950 |change =-1.73% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Naga People's Front |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -6.20% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1998 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1998 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link| |candidate=Imtisunget Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=Uncontested #VALUE! |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 46,761 |change =35.08% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1993 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1993 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=S. I. Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=15,385 |percentage=54.39% |change=-27.51% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Golmei Patrick |party=Independent politician |votes=10,939 |percentage=38.67% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Nceumo |party=Naga People's Front |votes=1,964 |percentage=6.94% |change=-11.16% }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=4,446 |percentage=15.72% |change=-48.09% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=28,288 |percentage=83.62% |change= 9.77% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 34,616 |change =10.72% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -27.51% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1989 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1989 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtisunget Jamir |party=Indian National Congress |votes=18,468 |percentage=81.90% |change=42.47% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Webansao |party=Naga People's Front |votes=4,081 |percentage=18.10% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=14,387 |percentage=63.80% |change=61.50% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=22,549 |percentage=73.85% |change= 10.22% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 31,264 |change =-7.19% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Independent politician |swing= 40.17% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1987 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1987 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Imtisunget Jamir |party=Independent politician |votes=8,763 |percentage=41.73% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Vikheshe |party=Indian National Congress |votes=8,280 |percentage=39.43% |change=2.79% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neisatuo Kiditsu |party=Independent politician |votes=3,699 |percentage=17.61% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Yehobi |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=258 |percentage=1.23% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=483 |percentage=2.30% |change=-14.27% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=21,000 |percentage=63.62% |change= 19.45% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 33,685 |change =9.64% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Independent politician |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= 5.09% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1982 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1982 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Vikheshe |party=Indian National Congress |votes=4,854 |percentage=36.63% |change=-10.63% }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lhomithi Sema |party=Independent politician |votes=2,658 |percentage=20.06% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Sabu Meruno |party=Naga National Democratic Party |votes=1,846 |percentage=13.93% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=T. Sepong Imchen |party=Independent politician |votes=1,241 |percentage=9.37% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Abemo Lotha |party=Independent politician |votes=815 |percentage=6.15% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Lhomtoo |party=Independent politician |votes=580 |percentage=4.38% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Vikielie Metha |party=Independent politician |votes=542 |percentage=4.09% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Nungshi Imehan |party=Independent politician |votes=402 |percentage=3.03% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Balidev Sahay Sharmal |party=Independent politician |votes=171 |percentage=1.29% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=N. Hotongse Sangtam |party=Independent politician |votes=141 |percentage=1.06% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=2,196 |percentage=16.57% |change=8.36% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=13,250 |percentage=44.17% |change= -17.69% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 30,722 |change =156.08% }}
{{Election box hold with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Indian National Congress |swing= -10.63% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1977 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1977 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=I. Vikheshe |party=Indian National Congress |votes=3,406 |percentage=47.27% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neisatuo Kiditsu |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,814 |percentage=39.05% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Ihezhe |party=National Convention of Nagaland |votes=986 |percentage=13.68% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=592 |percentage=8.22% |change=-15.38% }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=7,206 |percentage=61.86% |change= 12.39% }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 11,997 |change =-10.70% }}
{{Election box gain with party link |winner=Indian National Congress |loser=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |swing= -9.89% }}
{{Election box end}}
=== Assembly Election 1974 ===
{{Election box begin|title= [[1974 Nagaland Legislative Assembly election]]: Dimapur II}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link| |candidate=Lhomithi Sema |party=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |votes=3,689 |percentage=57.16% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Neisatuo Kiditsu |party=United Democratic Alliance (Nagaland) |votes=2,166 |percentage=33.56% |change= }}
{{Election box candidate with party link| |candidate=Iqbaljit Singh |party=Independent politician |votes=599 |percentage=9.28% |change= }}
{{Election box margin of victory |votes=1,523 |percentage=23.60% |change= }}
{{Election box turnout |votes=6,454 |percentage=49.46% |change= }}
{{Election box registered electors |reg. electors = 13,434 |change = }}
{{Election box new seat win |winner=Nagaland Nationalist Organisation |loser= |swing= }}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
*[[List of constituencies of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly]]
*[[Dimapur district]]
* [[Dimapur]]
* [[Nagaland (Lok Sabha constituency)]]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Assembly constituencies of Nagaland}}

{{coord|25.85|93.71|display=title}}

[[Category:Dimapur]]
[[Category:Assembly constituencies of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Politics of Nagaland]]
[[Category:Dimapur district]]
[[Category:Legislative Assembly constituencies of Indian states established in 1974]]
[[Category:1974 establishments in Nagaland]]

Super Commando Dhruva

2026-04-14T20:05:27Z

King42: added basic stub more to come

{{Short description|Indian comic book hero}}
{{About|the Indian superhero character|the Hindu mythological character of the same name|Dhruva}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{sources|date=September 2025}}
{{Infobox comics character 
|character_name =Super Commando Dhruva
|image=Super Commando Dhruva (Pinup).jpg
|converted=y
|caption=Super Commando Dhruva in a poster by Sid Kotian
|alter_ego =
|full_name= Dhruva Mehra
|publisher=[[Raj Comics]]
|debut= Issue No.: GENL #74 "[[Pratishodh Ki Jwala]]" (Published in 1987)
|creators =[[Anupam Sinha]]
|alliances=*Jupiter Circus
*Commando Force
*Brahmand Rakshak (Protectors of the Universe)
| homeworld = Rajnagar
|partners=[[Nagraj]]
|aliases= Farishta, Cracker, Cactus, Doove
|powers =*Genius-level intellect
*Ability to communicate with most birds and animals
*Can breathe underwater
*Master strategist, tactician, escapologist, detective & proficient in scientific knowledge and laws of physics
*Expert stunt biker
*Master acrobat, [[Parkour|traceur]] with great agility and reflexes
*Master of most martial art forms and hand-to-hand combat
*Expert marksman
*Master of disguise
*Strong Sixth Sense
*Great stamina & willpower: ability to withhold his breath for 20 minutes.
|cat= super
|subcat= Raj Comics
|hero= yes
}}

'''Super Commando Dhruva''' is an Indian  [[comics|comic book]] [[superhero]] character appearing in comic books published by [[Raj Comics]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=19 March 2016|title=Caped crusaders: How the Indian superhero is coming into his own|url=https://www.firstpost.com/bollywood/caped-crusaders-how-the-indian-superhero-is-coming-into-his-own-2683838.html|website=Firstpost}}</ref><ref name="ndtv Indian Superhero">{{cite news|title=The Indian Superhero League: A Look at the Desi Avengers|publisher=NDTV|url=https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/the-indian-superhero-league-a-look-at-the-desi-avengers-560568|accessdate=2 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The league of desi superheroes|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/the-league-of-desi-superheroes/super-commando-dhruva/slideshow/14366560.cms|website=The Economic Times}}</ref> The character, created by writer and illustrator [[Anupam Sinha]], first appeared in GENL #74 ''[[Pratishodh Ki Jwala]]''<ref name=Debut>{{cite web|title=Pratishodh Ki Jwala|url=http://www.comicvine.com/super-commando-dhruva-pratisodh-ki-jwalablaze-of-revenge/37-199530/|work=Dhruva's debut title|publisher=Raj comics|accessdate=3 July 2012|author=Anupam Sinha}}</ref> published in April 1987<ref name="Special Edition">{{cite book|title=Nagraj-Pratishodh Ki Jwala Silver Jubilee Edition|year=2012|publisher=[[Raj Comics]]|location=New Delhi|isbn=9789332420069|page=41|language=Hindi|chapter=Pratishodh Se Prernastrot Tak|title-link=Pratishodh Ki Jwala}}</ref> and since then, has appeared regularly in many issues published by Raj Comics. ''Super Commando Dhruva'', whose complete name is '''Dhruva Mehra''', is additionally referred to as ''Captain Dhruva'' by the cadets of his Commando Force.

Super Commando Dhruva operates in the fictional Indian city of ''Rajnagar''. He is the founder of the fictional government-approved crime-fighter organization ''Commando Force''. Dhruva's outfit is yellow and sky blue with brown boots and a utility belt with a star-shaped buckle. The star has almost become a trademark of the character. Dhruva does not have an [[Alter ego#Comic book usage|alter ego]] and or any [[superpower (ability)|superpower]]s; but he makes up for that with his intellect, detective skills, ability to talk to almost every kind of animal, scientific knowledge, martial arts and acrobatic skills, unparalleled willpower and a determination to eliminate evil from this world.

Dhruva became a very popular character soon after he was introduced. He is one of Raj Comics' most successful characters. Over the years, Dhruva has acquired iconic status in the Indian comic book superhero genre. Fans have often raised the demand to convert Dhruva into a [[Bollywood]] movie character<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/what%27s-hot/story/shaheer-sheikh-gaurav-chopra-dilip-joshi-nagraj-super-commando-dhruv-doga-tv-series-lifetv-962127-2017-02-22|title=From Nagraj to Super Commando Dhruv: We want to see these comic characters in a TV series|author=Parmita Uniyal |date=February 22, 2017 |magazine=India Today}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bollywood.com/indian-comic-heroes-get-ready-big-screen |title=Indian Comic heroes get ready for the big screen! {{!}} Bollywood.com : Entertainment news, movie, music and fashion reviews |website=www.bollywood.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802171846/http://www.bollywood.com/indian-comic-heroes-get-ready-big-screen |archive-date=2009-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eashportsbook.com/raj-comics-baalcharit-of-super-commando-dhruva/|title=Plot Summery of super Commando dhruva|date=3 November 2018|website=eashportsbook.com}}</ref>

==Publication history==

===Creation===
In the late 1980s, after the initial success of [[Nagraj]], [[Raj Comics]] wanted another superhero for its titles. It was in this period that writer [[Anupam Sinha]] came up with the idea of ''Super Commando Dhruva''.<ref name="days of raj 1">{{cite web|title=Days of the Raj – I (The Origins of Raj Comics and the Birth of Nagraj)|url=http://comicconindia.com/index.php?page=icj&blog-id=25|website=[[Comic Con India]]|accessdate=27 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714011147/http://comicconindia.com/index.php?page=icj&blog-id=25|archivedate=14 July 2012|date=12 May 2012}}</ref>

Dhruva's original design, as created by Sinha back in 1987, was an adolescent boy standing beside his bike wearing a yellow-blue trapeze artist costume, buttoned shirt collar, a black belt with star buckle, shoes (instead of boots), and with no gloves, mask, or cape, holding a helmet in his hand. The background of the image had a big star and behind his left shoulder was a box containing {{Langx|sa|ध्रुव|Dhruva|links=no|label=none}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dhruva's First look|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=428225117197660&set=a.170165873003587.34236.137274839626024&type=1|work=Creation of Super Commando Dhruva|publisher=Raj Comics on Facebook|accessdate=19 June 2012}}</ref> Sinha wanted Dhruva to wear a helmet, making him a biker hero, but later on many changes were incorporated to the character's look, including the removal of the helmet.

Sinha wanted to break away from the cliché of superheroes with super-natural powers and alter egos. He wanted to create a superhero out of a normal adult human. Sinha, during the 2012 [[Comic Con India|Indian Comic Con]] festival, recalled: "Children see the world very differently, and there is a reason for it. Every person seems like a giant to them and people can do something that they cannot. Like taking out a jar of toffees from the cupboard. And the adult is thus a superhero, because they can do something that the child cannot do. Kids see every person as a superhero. They are heavily dependent on other people. Tell me, when do you move out of reading comics? When you are an independent human being. Fantasy does not interest you all that much. The psychology of being dependent, of 'I must have a person along with me to protect me from any impending danger,' is essentially a child's psyche. That's why I wrote this character Super Commando Dhruva."<ref name="Days of Raj-II (Super Commando Dhruva)">{{cite web|title=Days of the Raj – II (Super Commando Dhruv and Doga)|url=http://comicconindia.com/index.php?page=icj&blog-id=26|website=[[Comic Con India]]|accessdate=27 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120714011154/http://comicconindia.com/index.php?page=icj&blog-id=26|archivedate=14 July 2012|date=14 May 2012}}</ref>

Sinha's first two characters, ''Space Star'' and ''Private Detective Kapil'' did not become very popular, but served as the early drafts for Super Commando Dhruva. The name Dhruva and the star symbol given to the character was inspired by ''Dhruva Taara'' ([[Hindi]]: ध्रुव तारा meaning [[Pole Star]]) which means someone who is determined, firm, and does not succumb to rough circumstances.

Thus, Super Commando Dhruva was born: a normal adult with no supernatural power but a strong determination and will to fight against the odds much along the lines of [[Batman]] of [[DC Comics]]. Most fans feel that Dhruva's character is a mix of Batman and [[Dick Grayson|Robin]]. On one hand, his crime-fighting style is very similar to that of Batman's and, on the other hand, his origin resembles to that of Robin's. In spite of these similarities, there are a lot of differences as well, most notably being the fact that Dhruva does not have an alter ego. Other similarities to the Batman series are, Dhruva does not kill anyone and his girlfriend Natasha is the daughter of a major villain Grand Master Robo. Batman's girlfriend [[Talia al Ghul]] is the daughter of [[Ra's al Ghul]].

When questioned about the comparisons between characters of the Raj Comics universe and DC/Marvel universe at the 2012 Indian Comic-Con Festival, [[Sanjay Gupta (comics)|Sanjay Gupta]] replied, "We had to devise a character from our own imagination that didn't have anything to do with them ([[Superman]] and Batman). Because if we had kept in mind how powerful Superman and Batman are... We would've reacted to it and somehow allowed that to play a part in our creative process. Our first goal was to make a total Indian character. We didn't want to copy. That wasn't going on in our heads. But we were definitely inspired by them. We are still inspired by them. Even today we don't copy... We are inspired by them. After all, everything has an origin."<ref>{{cite web|title=Raj Comics: A Brief overview|date=11 March 2010|url=http://paocollective.wordpress.com/2010/03/11/raj-comics-a-brief-overview/|publisher=Pao Collective|accessdate=8 June 2012}}</ref>

===Publication===
{{see also|List of Dhruva comics}}

===GENL #74 "Pratishodh Ki Jwala"===
[[File:Super Commando Dhruva in his Debut issue.jpg|thumb|right|Dhruva making his debut in Raj Comics (Reprint photo)]]

Super Commando Dhruva made his first appearance in GENL #74 "Pratishodh Ki Jwala", published in 1987 priced at Indian Rupees MRP Rs.4. A general (GENL) issue used to be a 30- to a 32-page issue. Dhruva's first issue dealt with the origin of the character.

===GENL #79 "Roman Hatyara"===
In the next most important issue, GENL #79 "Roman Hatyara" ("Roman Assassin" in English) priced at MRP Rs. 4, Dhruva founded a government-approved crime-fighter organisation ''Star Commando Force''. This is the second issue of Super Commando Dhruva series originally published in 1987. This second issue of Dhruva was Dhruva's first official case after his origin story (Pratishodh Ki Jwala). It's also notable as the first solo issue of Super Commando Dhruv where his picture is not featured on the cover art but antagonist Roman soldier assassin. In fact, the creator of Super Commando Dhruv revealed that Roman Hatyara "Roman Assassin" was the actual first comic book of Super Commando Dhruv to be published but he changed his mind, stopped its printing and re-wrote and released "Pratishodh ki Jwala" as first issue. This issue is considered one of the most significant initial all time successful comic book of Super Commando Dhruv. The story is a blend of history and mystery that grabbed and glued the mind of readers right at the first 2 pages. The story begins at a museum where a priceless artifact—an ancient Roman helmet—is stolen. Legend says the helmet belonged to a mystical fighter in Alexander the Great's army and grants [[superhuman strength]] to whoever wears it.

This issue is significant because it introduces the Commando Force—Dhruva's team of young cadets: Peter, Renu, and Kareem. It also features his sister, Shweta (who later becomes the superheroine Chandika). And the cover art by '''Vijay Kadam''' is iconic because it captures the "Roman Assassin" (the villain wearing the cursed helmet) in a battle with an elephant, rather than showing main hero Dhruva himself. This was a unique choice for a solo hero comic!
While the original Hindi title is "Roman Hatyara" (GENL #79), Raj Comics released it in English under the title "Dangerous Device." The English versions of early Raj Comics are quite rare and highly collectible today as same as Hindi title. The image shows the original price of MRP Rs. 8 which was the standard for the English line at that time.

GENL #147 "Swarg Ki Tabahi" introduced ''Chandika'', the main supporting character of the Dhruva series. Eventually, it was revealed that Chandika was his foster-sister ''Shweta Mehra''. Over the course of the next few issues, some key elements were added to Dhruva's character including star-line, star-blade, a utility belt, ability to communicate with dolphins and ability to breathe underwater.

===GENL #179 "Mahamanav"===
Mahamanav (which translates to "Great Human" or "Super Human") is another classic, the name of one of the most significant and popular comics in the Super Commando Dhruva series published by Raj Comics in 1988 priced at MRP Rs 5. Mahamanav is considered a landmark comic in the early history of Super Commando Dhruva. It was one of the stories that helped solidify Dhruva's popularity and status as a top hero in Raj Comics, as he defeated a villain who was supposedly as far advanced beyond him as a human is to a monkey. The antagonist in this comic introduces the character also known as Mahamanav. He is an incredibly powerful villain with highly advanced intelligence and superhuman capabilities, often placing him among Dhruva's main rogues' gallery, alongside villains like Grand Master Robo and Chandakaal. Mahamanav is considered the all time gem of Dhruva's comics.

Sinha was very sure about one thing: minimal violence. He would not have Dhruva kill anyone as he wanted Dhruva to be a role model for young kids, his main audience. In the initial few issues, Dhruva carried a pistol as a measure of last resort, but never used it. (Dhruv used the pistol in Aadamkhoro ka Swarg. He used and fired two rounds on the Rhino-men in the Nagu Islands). This was the first and last time he ever used his gun. Soon after, the pistol was removed from the character.

During the initial few years, Anupam Sinha preferred to work alone on his brain-child Dhruva, both writing as well as illustrating all Dhruva titles on his own while the cover arts for the titles were mostly supplied by ''Vijay Kadam'', an independent freelance artist.

===SPCL#1 (Digest/Visheshank)===

===Nagraj aur Super Commando Dhruv===

In 1991, the Indian comics landscape was forever changed with the debut of Raj Comics' first-ever Special (SPCL) multi starer issue: SPCL #1 "Nagraj aur Super Commando Dhruv".

When Raj Comics decided to publish its first special (SPCL) issue, they aptly chose to title it, Special/Visheshank- SPCL #1 "Nagraj aur Super Commando Dhruva" which featured Nagraj and Dhruva in prominent roles alongside other Raj Comics superheroes including Gagan, Vinashdoot, Parmanu, Monty, Chandika, the Commando Force.

It was a multi-hero story and first multistarer of Raj Comics but mainly emphasized on Nagraj and Super Commando Dhruv over other star characters. This was not just another comic—it was a groundbreaking crossover event that shattered expectations and redefined success. For the first time, India's two biggest comic book icons, the venomous Nagraj and the brilliant Super Commando Dhruva, teamed up for an adventure that instantly became a legend. The Raj comics fans till date still believe that this was the comic book that broke records in India.

This issue marked a seismic shift in raj comics. It brought a grittier edge, notably showing Dhruva in a darker light as he took down criminals with lethal force, a departure from his usual characterization—a clear influence from the Nagraj and Doga writer at the helm. But the real story is in the numbers. SPCL1 "Nagraj aur Super Commando Dhruva" was not just successful; it was an unprecedented, record-smashing phenomenon.

It is widely believed that more than 1 million copies of "Nagraj Aur Super Commando Dhruv" were sold across the initial print run and subsequent reprints followed by the highest record sale of SPCL#8 Nagraj aur Bugaku (Estimated 2.5 to 3 million copies) and SPCL#10 Kirigi ka Kehar (Estimated 1 million copies).

Many fans estimated that Raj special one (SPCL#1) might have even reached the 4 million copies sold record which is more than special issue SPCL#8 "Nagraj and Bugaku" but it was never confirmed. However, this single title broke all records for a comic book sale of multistarer crossover in India and set the mark for the entire Indian Comic Book Industry. The spectacular success of this Raj Comics Special issue No.1 paved the way for a whole new era for Super Commando Dhruv and raj comics, followed by a chain of other Dhruv's monumental special hits like Grand Master Robo, Nagraj aur Bugaku, Khooni Khilone, Kirigi Ka Kehar, Awaz ki Tabahi, Doctor Virus, Samri ki Jwala, Atma ke Chor, Maine Mara Dhruv ko, Hatyara Kaun, Vampire and Chumba ka Chakravyuh — but it all started with this one, the comic that proved the power of the Indian superhero crossover as first comic book of Two heros together became the undisputed Sales King. Despite the huge number of prints in 1990, an original, first-printing, mint-condition book is very rare to find nowadays.

However, amidst the euphoria of record-breaking success, a significant portion of the readership later felt a sense of injustice regarding the portrayal of one of the heroes. Super Commando Dhruv's die-hard fans quickly pointed out what they saw as major flaws in the storyline, believing it weakened the Dhruv's character and other raj comics star characters. The core of the controversy, as in this issue, Dhruv was depicted killing a large number of criminals, a drastic and jarring departure from the "no-kill, no-gun" code that was foundational to the Super Commando Dhruv character established by his original creator, Anupam Sinha. This narrative weakness and the shift in character ethics were directly attributed to the fact that SPCL#1 was written by experimental publisher Sanjay Gupta, one of the owner and writer of Raj comics at that time, famous for the darker, more violent world of Nagraj and Doga, and not by Dhruv's creator, Anupam Sinha. This unique editorial decision created a fascinating but weak story, albeit flawed, piece of comics history—a testament to the clash of two creative sides, which ultimately proved no match for Anupam Sinha's depth of character building and storytelling.

===SPCL#2 (Digest/Visheshank)===

===Grand Master Robo===

The next special issue was a landmark issue in many ways. Special/Visheshank - SPCL #2 "Grand Master Robo" was the first solo-hero special issue published by Raj Comics and Dhruva's first solo special issue. It is considered another most special and successful comic book of Super Commando Dhruv by Raj Comics and It added a lot of new elements to the character's story. This subsequent special issue, SPCL #2 "Grand Master Robo," was a major landmark in the history of Raj Comics. It holds the distinction and marked Super Commando Dhruva's debut in the premium "Special" format.

This issue is viewed as one of Super Commando Dhruva's exceptional comics, significantly enhancing the character's popularity and successfully helping him recover from the fan criticism received during his controversial portrayal in the previous team-up, SPCL #1: Nagraj aur Super Commando Dhruva. Indian comics experts under Raj Comics fandom believe that this issue is considered one of the best storylines in the history of Super Commando Dhruv that set the stage for the later published highly successful storylines of Dhruva's superhit issues like Kirigi ka Kehar, Dr. Virus, Samari ki Jwala, Khooni Khilone etc. The original first printing mint "Grand Master Robo" is very rare to find nowadays as same as SPCL#1 after 35 years in 2025.

Grand Master Robo, one of Super Commando Dhruv's most iconic arch-enemies, has his first appearance in two key comics, "major appearance" and "first appearance" in the Raj Comics continuity. His first appearance (Cameo/Introduction) was in the Issue Number GEN#116 Maut Ka Olympic (The Deadly Games).

GEN#116, that is where Grandmaster was generally first introduced, though his role and full impact was limited compared to his next full major appearance in the SPCL#2 "Grand MasterRobo".

"Grand Master Robo" is the comic that bears his name and is considered the first major confrontation and full-scale story featuring the villain. This issue is where he truly establishes himself as one of the Dhruv's major adversary.

While his initial [[cameo appearance]] is in "Maut Ka Olympic", the definitive debut that names the comic after him and solidifies his role is "Grand Master Robo".

This key issue introduced Swarna Nagri (Golden City), which is located at the base of the ocean and hidden from human eyes. Swarna Nagri is the home of Swarna Manavas (Golden Humans), descendants of Devs (Gods). Dhananjay, a warrior from Swarna Nagri, initially fought Dhruva, but became his friend and gave him the power to breathe inside water. This issue set higher benchmark in writing and presenting a storytelling in Comic books industry of India.

This issue also introduced Natasha, daughter of Grand Master Robo and Dhruva's love interest. Natasha went on to become the first and only person to know Chandika's secret identity. Dhruva's ability to communicate with animals and birds was well established but this issue explored Dhruva's ability to communicate with dolphins as well. In 1993, Black Cat (alter ego: Richa) was introduced in a self-titled issue to further complicate Dhruva's love life. Grand Master Robo is a key storyline that turned the Dhruva's life and well established all other characters introduced in this issue forever. The writer Anupam Sinha has said, in an interview, that he worked on this title during a period when he was in Mumbai (then Bombay), taking a break or hiatus from working for the Raj Comics. He famously incorporated a visual of the actual room where he was staying in Mumbai into one of the last panels of the comic as a personal signature or reflection of his working environment at the time. This detail is a cherished glimpse into the creator's process and makes the classic comic even more special for fans.

===SPCL #8 (Digest/Visheshank)===
===[[Nagraj Aur Bugaku]]===

(The comic book with highest sales record of Raj Comics in 1993, India)

Special issue no.1 "Nagraj Aur Super Commando Dhruv" was the first highly successful multi super starter comic book. But there's one comic book of Super Commando Dhruv with Nagraj published in 1993 that smashed all time success and sales records in indian comics sphere, the second time when Super Commando Dhruv and Nagraj came together in SPCL#8 "Nagraj aur Bugaku". The issue number SPCL #8 was a twin super starer issue whereas SPCL #1 was a multi-hero issue featuring Nagraj and Dhruv together.

While the Indian market saw popular characters from other publishers team-up in the past, none—not a single title, could come close to the sheer, mind-boggling sales success figures achieved by Raj Comics' Special #8 "Nagraj aur Bugaku". This comic was not just a hit; it was a tsunami that swept the raj comics fans in the nation. Its phenomenal sales across all printings are an unparalleled feat that remains the single-issue sales record in the history of the Indian comic book industry. The event of Nagraj and Dhruv's first and second time meeting was, and arguably still is, the most commercially successful comic book moment India has ever witnessed. With success of special #8, setting a sales bar so high that it cemented the issue's legacy as the true commercial benchmark for all Indian comics that followed. Only [[Amar Chitra Katha]] (ACK Comics) is an Indian comic book publisher, could give challenge to Raj Comics sale records as ACK was also a very strong and popular comics publisher in the market, its comics are based on religious legends and epics, historical figures and biographies, folktales and cultural stories. Followed by ACK, Manoj comics was the powerful contender in the comics industry.

Initially, Dhruva's stories were detective-based stories, with science fiction elements as well. With the success of special issues, Raj Comics scrapped the publishing of general issues for its top two heroes Dhruva and Nagraj, although they continued to publish general issues for other superheroes. From 1991 to 1995, the frequency of Dhruva's solo general issues kept on decreasing and solo special issues kept on increasing.

GENL #585 "Chandakal Ki Wapasi", published in 1995, was the character's last solo general issue. Since then, Dhruva has only been seen in the special issues. With this transition from general issues to special issues, Sinha's storytelling also changed. Dhruva's comics now contain more science fiction-based time and space travels.

Instead of fighting thugs, he was now fighting against [[supervillain]]s, aliens, and even demons. He was not solving cases anymore, but was saving the world from bigger threats. Although a few fans objected to this transformation of the character, most accepted this change. In spite of this flurry of sci-fi/mythical superhero acts, Sinha strived not to lose the basic essence of the character.

In the midst of these superhero acts, Sinha came up with some iconic and critically acclaimed issues exploring Dhruva's personal life and human side of his character. One such issue was SPCL #64 "Commander Natasha", published in 1996. This issue dealt with Robo's and Natasha's past and brought turmoil in Dhruva's love life eventually ending with Natasha leaving Dhruva and joining Robo's crime syndicate once again.

Although Dhruva's origin was explained very clearly in his first issue itself, not much was known about his family background. SPCL #100 "Khooni Khandaan" published in 1997 was a landmark issue in many ways. Not only was it the hundredth special issue published by Raj Comics, but it was also the first of an iconic three-part series that dealt with Dhruva's family background. Dhruva discovers that his biological father was actually a French citizen on the run, wanted for murder. What ensues was an emotional journey for Dhruva to prove his dead father's innocence and remove the stigma of being a murderer from his name.

SPCL #2245 "Gupt", dealt with the turmoils and side effects of being a superhero without an alter ego. A new supervillain Alchemist targeted Dhruva's foster family forcing him to wonder whether it was a mistake to become a crime fighter without a secret identity and jeopardising his family's security.

Around the year 1995, when Sanjay Gupta got busy with the development of a new superhero [[Doga (comics)|Doga]], he handed over the job of writing and drawing Nagraj to Anupam Sinha. This paved the way for one of the greatest superhero partnerships in Raj Comics. Dhruva and Nagraj, though popular individually, failed to make a mark when they came together twice before, both issues were written by Sanjay Gupta. In 1996, Sinha came up with SPCL #67 "Rajnagar Ki Tabahi". This mega ninety-page issue brought the two superheroes together for the third time overall but for the first time under the writing of Anupam Sinha. It was a huge critical and commercial success for Raj Comics. Raj Comics went on to declare the year ''1997'' as ''Nagraj Dhruva Double Action Year''. This year saw all Raj Comics heroes featuring in two hero crossover issues with each other. Nagraj and Dhruva too featured in two back to back 90 pages two hero issues that year, "Pralay" & "Vinaash", as part of the celebration of Nagraj Dhruva Double Action Year. Since then both Nagraj and Dhruva have appeared in many two-hero and multi-hero issues all of which have been huge hits. The biggest and most ambitious project of Raj Comics, "[[Nagayana]]", based on Hindu epic [[Ramayana]], was an 8 part futuristic series set in an alternate universe published in a span of 3 years from 2007 to 2009. This series too was a two-hero project featuring Nagraj and Dhruva. Fans have likened the partnership of Nagraj-Dhruva with the [[Superman]]-[[Batman]] partnership in DC Comics, an invincible superhero and a superhero with no supernatural powers.

Dhruva was one of the few Indian comic book heroes that continued to be published regularly during The Dark Age of Indian Comics<ref name="The return of Indian superheroes">{{cite web|author1=Manoj Sharma|title=The return of Indian superheroes|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/the-return-of-indian-superheroes/Article1-508873.aspx|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|accessdate=27 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121022165742/http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/the-return-of-indian-superheroes/Article1-508873.aspx|archivedate=22 October 2012|url-status=dead|date=14 February 2010}}</ref> between 1997 and 2003 owing to his dedicated fan base.<ref>{{cite news|title=After a hiatus, Indian comic book industry growing steadily|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_after-a-hiatus-indian-comic-book-industry-growing-steadily_1437725|accessdate=23 June 2012|newspaper=Daily News and Analysis|date=14 September 2010}}</ref> While most of the Indian comic book publishing companies were shutting shops, Sinha continued to give timely boosts to Raj Comics through Dhruva-Nagraj [[Fictional crossover#Comics|crossover]] partnerships.

In 2000, SPCL #185 "Kohraam" was published which brought almost all superheroes together. Eventually, in 2001, SPCL #235 "Zalzalaa" was published in which a superhero team "Brahmand Rakshak" (Protectors of the Universe) was formed, much on the lines of [[Avengers (comics)|The Avengers]] from [[Marvel Comics]], [[Justice League|The Justice League]] from [[DC Comics]] & [[Defenders of the Earth|Defenders Of The Earth]] from [[King Features Syndicate]]. All Raj Comics superheroes including Dhruva became a member of this team.

From 1987 to 2010, Anupam Sinha worked on every single Dhruva solo title as well as most of the multi-hero titles featuring Dhruva. All these years, various writers worked on Dhruva (most notably ''Jolly Sinha'') but Anupam Sinha was always attached to Dhruva titles in some or the other way, as a writer/co-writer or artist. In 2010 though, much to the disappointment of the fans, he declared that he will be taking an indefinite break from Super Commando Dhruva.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sinha takes a break from Dhruva|url=https://twitter.com/AnupamSin/status/9894990037651457|publisher=Anupam Sinha's Twitter account|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref> He wrote his last solo title for Dhruva in 2010 and ironically, or rather aptly, titled it "Game Over". Sinha continued to work on Nagraj solo titles as well as multi-hero titles featuring Nagraj and Dhruva but stopped working on solo Dhruva titles. Raj Comics studio handed over the job of Dhruva solo titles to younger writers/artists.

Sinha always maintained a character continuity in his storylines throughout his solo and crossovers storylines. After Sinha left, with multiple writers working on the character simultaneously, it became more and more unclear as to which Dhruva storyline belongs to the original continuity and which does not. New Writers added subtle changes to the character, although keeping the basic essence of the character still intact. They tried to introduce some new facets to the character. The writer ''Abhishek Sagar'' tried to break away from the Anupam Sinha style of writing by giving his stories darker undertones. Even the artists showed the tendency to use darker colors in Sagar's stories, unlike Sinha whose artwork used to be brighter and more colorful. ''Nitin Mishra'' came up with contemporary storylines like 'Hum Honge Kamyaab' in 2010, which was his take on the [[Concerns and controversies over the 2010 Commonwealth Games|controversies]] attached with the [[2010 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] conducted in India in 2010. In this title Dhruva was shown to be more tech-savvy as compared to his earlier versions. In 'Samudri Lutere', Nitin Mishra showed a happier and brighter side of Dhruva. In this title, one of the Toads mentioned that Dhruva is a lover boy and Dhruva even displayed his musical talent as a good [[flautist]]. In ''Mandar Gangele'''s 'Gehri Chaal', Dhruva shot an ad for 'Anti-smoking campaign'. This was in contrast to Sinha's Dhruva who never showed any inclination towards music, acting or solving realistic cases based on contemporary issues.

In October 2012, Raj comics launched ''Nagraj-Pratishodh Ki Jwala Silver Jubilee Edition'' at the 2nd Mumbai Films and Comics Convention. It was a deluxe edition that contained the reprints of the debut issues of Nagraj and Dhruva on jumbo (34.6 * 24.8 cm) sized papers to celebrate the completion of 25yrs of the two most popular characters of Raj comics.

In December 2014, a series named "Bal Charit" was launched, with its first issue "Hunters" being released. This series is projected to be a milestone, with Dhruv's childhood to be told in great detail for the first time.

In 2015, "Rajnagar Rakshak" series was launched, with the first issue of the same name being released in January. This series is special because Dhruv is featured for first time with [[Inspector Steel]] in a 2 in 1 comic, despite both the superheroes being in action in the same city for a long time.

In September 2020, [[Manoj Gupta]] authored a short comic book featuring Super Commando Dhruva battling Depression. The comic book was released as a free for all special issue intended to spread awareness on World Suicide Prevention Day. "For writers Manoj Gupta and Ayush Gupta, the aim wasn't to spread awareness about mental illness but instead, to normalise it.",<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-18|title=It's okay to not be okay|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/its-okay-to-not-be-okay/22995223|access-date=2020-10-30|website=mid-day|language=en}}</ref> writes Dalreen Ramos in an article for Mid-Day.

==Fictional character biography==

Dhruva was born to Shyam and Radha, two trapeze artists who used to perform in Jupiter Circus situated on the outskirts of Rajnagar. Dhruva was brought up in the circus itself. Growing up amongst the tigers, elephants, and other pet animals of the circus, Dhruva learnt to communicate with the animals. Dhruva was loved by every Jupiter Circus performer, started learning their respective skills from them. Strongman Hercules taught him bodybuilding. Ringmaster taught him how to control animals. He learned to throw knives from the knife thrower, along with shooting and bike stunts. At the age of 14, he started performing in Jupiter Circus shows and his stunning performances helped Jupiter to become a hugely popular circus. Boss, the owner of rival Globe Circus, hatched a conspiracy to destroy Jupiter Circus and sent Jubisko, his strongman and Bond, a sharpshooter to do the task. Jubisko burnt the Jupiter Circus killing everyone in it including Dhruva's parents. Dhruva who survived the carnage, vowed to avenge the deaths of his loved ones and eliminate the evil from the society. The series of events that followed resulted in the shutting down of Globe Circus as well. Later, the city police chief Rajan Mehra adopted Dhruva as his own son. Dhruva chose to carry on his struggle against crime choosing Rajnagar as the base of his operation. Later on, Dhruva founded Commando force to aid him in his operations.

==Characterization==

===Physical attributes===
Dhruva is a young adult who started his crime-fighting career at the young age of 14. He is probably the youngest amongst all [[Raj comics]] superheroes. He is not really bulky, muscular or heavily built. Instead, he has an athletic, flexible and strong body. Although Spanish writer Chris Wright opined that the character "has the most pronounced calf muscles of any superhero".<ref name="dhruva boston">{{cite news|title=It's a bird, it's a plane, it's ... Super Commando Dhruva?|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/08/28/its_a_birdits_a_plane_its_super_commando_dhruva/?page=full|access-date=30 June 2012|newspaper=The Boston Globe|date=28 August 2011|author=Chris Wright|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012081120/http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2011/08/28/its_a_birdits_a_plane_its_super_commando_dhruva/?page=full|archive-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The following are the vital statistics of the character as of 18 June 2007 as described on Raj Comics official website:<ref>{{cite web|title=Super Commando Dhruva Profile|url=http://www.rajcomics.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=723&Itemid=122|publisher=Raj Comics|accessdate=23 June 2012}}</ref>
* Age : 23yrs
* Hair : Black
* Eyes : Black
* Height : 6'
* Weight : 78 kg

===Personality traits===
Dhruva comes out as a humble, gentle and down to earth kind of personality. He is a very soft-spoken and mild-mannered guy who respects his elders. He is always well dressed with a buttoned collar and sports well-kept hair.

[[Anupam Sinha]] knew that being a hero with no superpowers and no alter ego, Dhruva was probably the closest thing to reality in a world of comic book superheroes, a character that children could relate to, a character that children could try to emulate. Sinha wanted Dhruva to become a role model for the kids. He wanted to show the kids that one can be tough and well mannered at the same time. In Sinha's words: "I wanted to show that a well behaved and well brought up child should not fear being called a wimp."<ref name="Days of Raj-II (Super Commando Dhruva)" />

Sinha also gave Dhruva a very 'morally correct' image. Dhruva has been shown to have the utmost respect for human life and has vowed not to take a human life ever. Dhruva never takes the law into his hands and always works in conjunction with the law-enforcing bodies. He believes that as a protector of the city of Rajnagar, his only job is to catch the criminal alive and hand him over to the police and the court shall decide the punishment for the criminal. As a result, there is always an air of uneasiness between Dhruva and some of his allies including Black Cat and [[Doga (comics)|Doga]] who do not think twice before killing a criminal, and he always makes it a point not to let them take the law in their hands in front of his eyes.<ref name="Days of Raj-II (Super Commando Dhruva)" /> Dhruva also does not hit a woman on principle.<ref name="Days of Raj-II (Super Commando Dhruva)" /> Even while facing a female enemy, he tries to disarm her without actually hitting or inflicting physical harm to her. Dhruva received such strong moral codes from his biological parents during his childhood and subsequently during his adolescence from his foster parents.

Dhruva has also been shown to be a man of his words and a one-woman man. Though a lot of girls swoon at him including his very close friend Richa (Black Cat), who loves him very deeply, Dhruva has always made it very clear to her that his heart belongs only to Natasha, his first love.

Inside this tough superhero exterior, Dhruva has a sense of humor too. Dhruva often indulges in healthy sibling rivalry, leg-pulling and playing pranks with his foster-sister Shweta and loves his foster family very much.

Dhruva has never been shown to be a drinker or a smoker. Dhruva has been shown to be a non-vegetarian, or at least an [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eggetarian eggetarian]. This can be testified by the comic strip of page no. 5 of a comic named '''[https://comicvine.gamespot.com/super-commando-dhruva-16-grand-master-robo/4000-200217/ Grandmaster Robo]''' (Issue No. 16 & Special Issue No. 2). The strip displays a thoughtful Dhruva mistakenly adding salt to Halua instead of boiled eggs.

==Powers, abilities and resources==
[[File:Dhruva displaying some of his abilities in a circus show.jpg|thumb|right|Dhruva displaying his abilities in Jupiter Circus show]]

Dhruva has no inherent superhuman powers. His only supernatural power seems to be the ability to communicate with most [[animal]]s and [[bird]]s which he learned in his childhood, while growing up in Jupiter circus, playing with circus's pet animals. He can communicate with various animals ranging from a [[dog]] to a [[lion]] and most birds. The only animal that he can not communicate with is a [[gorilla]], as shown in "Bahri Maut". Dhruva can also communicate with [[dolphin]]s, an art taught to him by ''Anna'', who used to conduct dolphin shows in Jupiter circus. These animals often help Dhruva in various tasks ranging from transportation, reporting him of an occurrence of a crime in front of their eyes to even assisting him in his fights.

Another supernatural power acquired by Dhruva is the ability to breathe and talk inside water. Dhruva received this power as a gift from his good friend Dhananjay, a resident of Swarna Nagri, an underwater city located on the seabed not very far from Indian seashores, which is home to Swarna Manavas, the descendants/bloodline of Gods. Their technology is far more advanced as compared to humans which allowed Dhananjay to fit a chip inside Dhruva's neck by a short surgical procedure, thereby providing Dhruva with the ability to speak and breathe inside water.

Although Dhruva does not possess any inherent superpowers, he makes up for it with his detective skills, scientific knowledge and acrobatics and martial art skills. Dhruva is known to possess a high-level intellect. His [[deductive reasoning]] and [[lateral thinking]] combined with his presence of mind and scientific knowledge regarding laws of physics allow him to make innovative use of harmless objects lying around to defeat his enemies. Spanish columnist Wright noted that Dhruva "has a [[Angus MacGyver|MacGyver]]-like the ability to use a paper clip or soup spoon to defeat enemies".<ref name="dhruva boston" /> Dhruva has been shown as the most intelligent and knowledgeable amongst all superheroes of Raj comics universe. He is a master strategist and tactician. In crossovers, the other superheroes make use of their superpowers according to Dhruva's plans to defeat powerful enemies. He is also a master [[Escapology|escapologist]]. In 'Commando Force', Black Cat compares him to [[Harry Houdini|Houdini]], while [[Nagraj]] once trapped in an enemy's trap wonders, "What would have Dhruva done, had he been in my place?" to get the inspirational idea.

Dhruva is physically very strong. He received strength training from ''Hercules'', circus's [[Strongman (circus)|strongman]]. He is also adept at [[trapeze]], balancing and other [[Acrobatics|acrobatic]] arts that he learned from his own parents. His body has great flexibility and great reflexes, so much so that he can even dodge bullets. He is expert in most forms of [[martial arts]] and hand-to-hand combat techniques. He is also an expert in [[Parkour|free running]] and has been shown to jump, climb and swing through various obstacles and skyscrapers to chase down his enemies. He is an excellent [[marksman]], thanks to the training he received from circus's [[knife throwing]] expert ''Ranjan'' and [[Shooting sport|shooting]] expert ''Sulaiman''. Though Dhruva despises [[firearm]]s in principle, he makes good use of his marksmanship while using his star blades (Dhruva's personalised [[shuriken]]s) to disarm or injure his enemy. Dhruva can even hit a target or fight an enemy blind-folded by judging the faint noises of their movements.

Dhruva is an expert biker and stunter. He learned [[Motorcycle stunt riding|stunt motorcycling]] from motorcyclist ''Pawan'', who used to display his [[Wall of death (carnival sideshow)|wall of death]] stunts in Jupiter Circus. Dhruva is so adept at controlling and balancing his bike that it is famously said that ''Dhruva's bike is nothing but a part of his body''. Dhruva has been shown to have received special permission from the Road Traffic department so that the traffic restrictions including traffic signals, one way, overtaking prohibition, speed limits and other such restrictions that can hamper his duties do not apply to him. Dhruva is also a licensed pilot and flies his own aircraft/jets throughout the world.

Dhruva's greatest strength is the unparalleled willpower that keeps him going in the toughest of circumstances. He has been shown to possess the greatest willpower known to mankind.<ref name="dhruva boston" /> His indomitable will makes him rather immune from [[Brainwashing|mind control]], [[hypnosis]] and other mind tricks employed by his enemies possessing psychic powers. Such attacks rarely work on him, and when they do, Dhruva quickly manages to come out of their effect. Dhruva has also developed the ability to hold his breath for 20mins. which helps him against poisonous gas attacks.

Dhruva is also the founder and captain of a government-approved crime-fighting organisation "''Commando Force''", which has earned Dhruva the titles such as ''Captain Dhruva'' and ''Super Commando''. Dhruva is also a master of [[disguise]] and has made full use of his talent in titles such as 'Lahu Ke Pyase' and 'Nagadheesh'. Dhruva has always had full support of the police department and full access to all police records and classified documents, not only because his foster father Rajan Mehra is the [[Inspector-general of police#India|Inspector General of Police]] but also because Dhruva has always had the utmost respect for the law enforcing bodies and has never taken law in his hands. Later, being a member of ''Brahmand Rakshak'', Dhruva, along with all the other members of the team, was honorarily awarded the powers and rights equivalent to a [[Police commissioner#India|Commissioner of Police]].

===Costume===
Dhruva used to wear a yellow leotard over a blue full-body [[spandex]] bodysuit, a brown belt with a star-shaped buckle and a pair of brown shoes while performing for Jupiter circus as a 14yr old. After the Jupiter circus carnage, when Dhruva started his fight against crime and evil, he continued wearing the same circus costume. Later, his belt was converted into a utility belt in which he could carry many useful items. Dhruva does not wear any cape, mask or helmet. Instead, as Wright pointed out, he prefers to sport a "solid-looking helmet of hair".<ref name="dhruva boston" />

Sinha made the first and the only major overhaul to date in the character's attire ten years later in 1998. In the title 'Dhruva-shakti', Dhruva's sister Shweta, a budding scientist, gave him some assortments that included a metallic bracelet each for both his hands. While the right bracelet had a cartridge of star blades, the left had a cartridge of star-line. Dhruva could shoot either of them with just a pull of a lever as against the older days when he had to take them out of his belt pocket and then throw them manually. She also gave him a metallic [[#Utility belt|utility belt]] as against the older leather one with a star buckle with built-in star-transmitter and a built-in locking system so that no one could cut or pull his belt off from his waist. She also gave him a metallic holding strap for his boots and a wheel cover with push-back wheels that would convert his boots into roller skates with the flip of a switch.

Apart from this, Dhruva's appearance remained unchanged throughout the years. Although [[Nagayana]], the futuristic series set in an alternate universe, allowed Sinha to experiment with Dhruva's looks.

===Equipment===
Dhruva is not really into too much high tech gadgetry. Whatever little equipment he makes use of, most of them have the word 'star-' prefixed to them, which gives it a slight [[Camp (style)|campy]] feel. Four things that really define the character are star-blades, star-line, utility belt and Dhruva's special motorbike.

Star-blade is Dhruva's personalised shuriken like a razor-sharp weapon. Although potentially lethal, Dhruva rarely uses them in a lethal way. Mostly Dhruva uses his star-blades to disarm his enemy or cut something. Dhruva shoots star-blades from his right-hand bracelet. Star-line, on the other hand, is a thin rope made of nylo-steel which can not be cut, burnt or broken easily. Star-line is attached to a star-shaped [[grappling hook]] at one end. Dhruva uses his left-hand bracelet, which contains a star-line, like a grapple gun and can climb up or swing from one skyscraper to another like Batman. Dhruva mentions in one of his titles that he should meet Batman someday and thank him personally for inventing this style which is very handy especially in case of traffic jams. He also uses star-line to trip or tie up his enemy.

Dhruva's preferred mode of transport is his special motorbike. The bike is specially designed and optimised to suit his needs. Dhruva's bike is remote control enabled so that he can start and operate his bike even from a distance. Dhruva's bike has undergone innumerable design changes from the old fashioned 1980s design to a modernised sports bike look. Among all designs, one common factor has been that the bike never had any attached firearm to it. It is said that the sound of the engine of Dhruva's bike is unique and different from any other bike and can be easily identified. Dhruva also owns a star helicopter, a star plane (a literally star-shaped plane painted half blue and half yellow), a sonic jet and a star-boat. The only significant omission from Dhruva's fleet of transport vehicles is a car that he has never owned.

Star-blade, star-line and motorbike are so significant to the character's identity that often, even before Dhruva himself breaks into a crime scene, a flurry of star-blades, a star-line or the sound of Dhruva's special bike announce the arrival of Dhruva.

====Utility belt====
Dhruva's utility belt is one of the most significant and defining characteristics of the character's appearance as well the character's most useful and important tool in his crime-fighting sojourn. Dhruva's belt has evolved over the years from a simple leather belt to a leather utility belt with pouches to a metallic utility belt. In its current version, Dhruva's utility belt is a metallic belt with an inbuilt locking system to make sure that no one can easily pull it off or cut it against his older leather belt. The star-shaped buckle has an inbuilt transmitter which enables Dhruva to stay in contact with commando headquarters, police force and even some of his allies including Chandika. Dhruva is known to carry a lot of utility items in his belt pockets. The various items that he has been shown to carry in his utility belt at various times include, but are not limited to, spare cartridges for star-blades and star-lines, acid capsules, signal flares, star cuffs (star-shaped handcuffs), a make-up kit and many more items. Dhruva also carries a special transmitter fixed at 'Brahmand Rakshak' frequency which enables him to stay in contact with the Brahmand Rakshak headquarters as well as the other members of the Brahmand Rakshak team. On some occasions, he has been shown to carry a separate Brahmand Rakshak transmitter while on other occasions it has been shown to be integrated with Dhruva's personal star-transmitter. Dhruva also carries a radiation sensor which is either fitted in his collar button or sometimes in his belt and blinks whenever there is a threat of a hazardous level of radiation exposure.

===Commando headquarters===
Commando headquarters is the base of ''Commando Force'' located in Rajnagar. It is the place from where Commando Force operates. It is equipped with state of the art technology and a computer system. Its system can perform various functions that include, but are not limited to, facial recognition, fingerprint matching, DNA matching, remote hacking of enemy's system and global surveillance through satellite imaging. Commando headquarters' system also keeps the data on every criminal, can access police records as well Interpol files on request. Teenagers residing in various cities of India receive special training at the headquarters from the Commando Force and then sent back to their respective homes. These trained junior cadets have special protocol to report any ongoing crime to commando headquarters and not getting involved themselves unless they are sure they can handle it. Dhruva has got surveillance cameras installed all over Rajnagar streets which are monitored at the headquarters for suspicious activities. Information on any suspicious activity caught by cameras or junior cadets, if requiring Dhruva's attention, is channelled to Dhruva on his star-transmitter. Dhruva himself patrols the city streets every night on his special motorbike. Dhruva's unyielding dedication towards keeping his city safe has earned him the title of 'Rajnagar Ka Rakhwala' (Keeper of Rajnagar).

==Supporting characters==
{{main|List of Dhruva supporting characters}}

[[File:Dhruva's allies.jpeg|thumb|right|Dhruva's allies clockwise from top left- Samri, Dhananjay, Kirigi and Jingaloo]]

Dhruva has a large range of [[supporting character]]s who have played significant roles in his story arcs. While some help to define the character of Super Commando Dhruva itself, other have played significant roles in giving a direction to the story arcs that they have been part of. After the death of Dhruva' parents, ''I. G. Rajan Mehra'' adopted him. I. G. Rajan has been a constant presence in Dhruva titles and has been very useful not only as the chief of police but also as a father-figure and a constant source of inspiration. When a supervillain ''Alchemist'' almost forced Dhruva into retirement by endangering his family's life by targeting Rajan Mehra and Dhruva's sister ''Shweta'', it was Dhruva's father who motivated him to keep going.

Dhruva's ''Commando Force'', a team of three trained cadets (''Peter Massy'', ''Karim Shah'' and ''Renu'') has been another important support for him in his fight. Dhananjay, the descendant of Gods, is Dhruva's most powerful ally and a good friend who not only provided him with the power to breathe inside water but is also ready to help whenever Dhruva needs him and vice versa. But amongst a long list of supporting characters in Dhruva series, the most important character has been Shweta, Dhruva's sister. She has been the strongest pillar of support in Dhruva's constant battle against evil on many levels. As a little sister, she engages with Dhruva in funny sibling banter, cheers him up and makes sure he never feels sad or misses his biological family. As a budding scientist, she constantly provides Dhruva with innovative gadgets that prove very helpful to Dhruva during his fights. But the highest level of support she provides is in the form of ''Chandika'', a blonde superheroine, her alter ego. Chandika has inherited her brother's fighting style. Like Dhruva, she too depends on brains more than brawn as well as on her self-invented gadgets. She is always there to help Dhruva whenever he is in danger. Dhruva who is very protective about her sister, under strong suspicion that Shweta is in fact Chandika, often reprimands her for putting her life in danger. But Shweta somehow manages to come out clean every time proving that she is not Chandika. Natasha is the only person who knows Chandika's true identity. Shweta eventually went to ''London'' in 2007 ''Makadjaal'' series to pursue her further studies. In ''Nagayana'', when Shweta was presumably dead, although later revived, Natasha kept Chandika alive by donning her costume.

Dhruva has had quite a few love interests that include Natasha, Richa and Sabby. ''Natasha'' is Dhruva's arch-enemy Grand Master Robo's daughter. While Natasha and Dhruva's love is mutual, Richa and Sabby's love is more one-sided. ''Sabby'' is the daughter of another terrorist ''Abbu Salem''. She never reappeared since her first appearance in 'Sarvanash'. On the other hand, ''Richa'' has been an integral part of Dhruva's storyline ever since her first appearance. As Richa, she has been Dhruva's best friend and as her alter ego ''Black Cat'', a lethal superheroine with killer instincts, though initially rogue who later turned to the good side, she has been a partner and helper in many of Dhruva's fights. More so since Chandika (Shweta) has gone out of India to pursue her studies. In the alternate universe shown in the Nagayana series, Natasha has been revealed to be the lawfully wedded wife of Dhruva. Both have conceived a kid out of their marriage as well. Richa too bears Dhruva's child though as she pointed out, Dhruva never cheated on Natasha as his and Richa's baby was borne out of [[In vitro fertilisation|IVF]] technique.

Other significant supporting characters in Dhruva series include ''Jingalu'', a [[yeti]]; ''Kirigi'', a [[ninja]] fighter with [[Yoga|yogic]] powers; ''Lori'', a [[Tantra|tantric]]; ''Vanputra'' who has the ability to communicate with plants and trees in contrast to Dhruva who communicates with animals; ''Barf-manava'', possessing the power of ice; ''Saamri'', the keeper of ''Jwalok'', a secret city located inside a volcano; ''Vera Vicet'', a French police officer who initially tried to kill Dhruva under the impression that Shyam, Dhruva's biological father, had killed her father but eventually realised the truth and became his ally and ''Nakshatra'', a mirror image of Dhruva who, like Dhruva, was born and brought up in a circus and has pretty much the same abilities that Dhruva has. As opposed to Vera, Nakshatra tried to kill Dhruva's father I. G. Rajan believing that Rajan had murdered his father in a fake encounter but upon realising the truth, he surrendered to the police and when he came out after serving his jail sentence, he eventually became Dhruva's friend. In ''Nagayana'', Nakshatra has been shown to be Shweta's love interest.

Dhruva has been a member of the superhero team ''Brahmand Rakshak''. Dhruva has often teamed up with other superheroes, most frequently with [[Nagraj]] and occasionally with [[Doga (comics)|Doga]]. While Nagraj and Dhruva have grown to become thick of friends over the years, Dhruva-Doga relationship is a bit tenser because of the differing moral codes and the sense of justice of the two heroes.

===Enemies===
{{main|List of Dhruva enemies}}

[[File:Grand Master Robo.jpg|thumb|right|Grand Master Robo, Dhruva's arch enemy]]

Dhruva has his own [[rogues gallery]] filled with an assortment of villains that includes common criminals without any superpowers, supervillains, devils and even extraterrestrial beings. Dhruva's biggest arch-enemy and the most recurring villain in his titles is Grand Master Robo, a crime lord. Half-human, half-robot, Robo has a laser eye fit inside his left eyeball. Over the years Robo and Dhruva have developed a strange bond of hatred and respect. While Dhruva wants to arrest Robo, and Robo wants to kill Dhruva who always foils his plans, they also acknowledge the fact that if any of them hurts the other, it would eventually hurt Natasha, Robo's daughter and Dhruva's love interest.

Other arch-foes of Dhruva include Chandakaal, the last remaining demon on earth; Mahamanav, a highly evolved version of [[Homo sapiens]] with psychic superpowers; Dhawaniraj, a mad scientist whose power is lethal forms of sound waves; ''Dr. Virus'', a biologist; ''Bauna Waman'', a midget who uses toys as his weapons and Chumba, who possesses the power of magnetism.

Dhruva has always believed in giving criminals a chance to redeem themselves. Natasha, Nakshatra, ''Nostredamas'' and Black Cat are classic examples of rogues turning good by the Dhruva effect. Robo himself had a near change of heart but Natasha who had gone rogue because of rampaging corruption in the system, prevented him from surrendering. In 'Vinash', Dhruva convinced his foes to work with him as a team to protect the earth from a far greater danger. Dhruva has even fought against his best friend Nagraj when he went rogue.

Over the years Dhruva has come to gain the respect of his enemies as well especially the ones with great superpowers like Chandakaal and Mahamanav. In 'Jaljala', when Mahamanav sets out to kill every superhero, while he sent out his pawns to kill other heroes, he decided to kill Dhruva with his own hands considering him a prized cache. In 'Soorma', Dr. Virus who takes on Nagraj and [[Parmanu]] states that he had to shift his base from Rajnagar to Delhi for the fear of Dhruva. Chumba himself mentioned once that Dhruva scares him in his dreams. One common thing Dhruva's villains have acknowledged on separate occasions is that Dhruva is probably the most dangerous superhero because, unlike most other heroes who depend on their superpowers, he does not possess any weakness to exploit and they cannot anticipate what plan Dhruva's mind can come up with.

==Cultural impact==

===Merchandising===
In the early part of the 1990s, Raj comics were very popular. They tried to encash their characters' popularity by a series of merchandise. These merchandise included stickers, magnet stickers, tattoos, posters, trading cards, wallets, T-shirts, dinner plates, jigsaw puzzles, face masks and stationery items themed on their superhero characters including Dhruva under a common trade name 'Nagraj Novelties'. The merchandise did not become very popular and eventually went out of production because of various reasons including lack of marketing, not licensing their characters to other more established merchandising companies and instead of keeping the rights to themselves and not making these merchandise widely available in the open market all over India through distributorship. Many years later, around 2010, with the advent of online shopping and payment options, Raj comics again tried to venture into the merchandising business which primarily included posters, calendars and T-shirts.

===Critical reception and popularity===
Super Commando Dhruva became a very popular character soon after his introduction in [[Indian comics]]. Apart from being popular among kids, even girls (owing to his smart looks), Dhruva also received positive reviews from parents for having a strong moral code, educative science/detective-based themes and having minimal violence. Dhruva went on to become one of the most loved characters in Indian comics as evident by unofficial online polls on various fan sites. The character's fans fondly address him as captain and call themselves his cadets.<ref name=orkut>{{cite web|title=Dhruva's commando force|url=http://www.orkut.co.in/Main#Community?cmm=97870338|publisher=orkut|access-date=7 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035116/http://www.orkut.co.in/main#Community?cmm=97870338|archive-date=14 October 2008}}</ref><ref name=facebook>{{cite web|title=Dhruva's commando force|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/captaindhruva/|via=Facebook|accessdate=7 July 2012}}</ref> Anupam Sinha mentioned on his [[Facebook]] wall in Feb 2012 referencing to Dhruva's popularity and his debut title, "the first book of my most successful character yet, which I made 25 years ago is still in print and sells! Thank you God for everything!"<ref name="Sinha on Dhruva's popularity">{{cite web|title=Sinha on Dhruva's popularity|url=https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=2576203293383&set=a.1099747622914.2014862.1503387851&type=3|publisher=Sinha's Facebook Wall}}</ref>

In 2013, Raj comics published a list of Top 20 best sellers titles on their official Facebook page based on the sales figures on their own online store and Flipkart. While 6 of them were Dhruva's solo titles, the remaining 14 were multi-hero/crossover titles featuring Dhruva as one of the leading character, thereby making him the most popular Raj comic superhero.

In November 2020, a poll was conducted on the official new Facebook page of 'Raj Comics by Sanjay Gupta'. As an outcome, Dhruva not just secured first place as the most loved Raj Comics character but also the popularity of Dhruva's alone came close to the popularity of all other characters combined.

Although hugely popular in Hindi speaking states of India and the Indians living abroad, the character hardly got any recognition internationally as well as in non-Hindi-speaking regions of South India. In 2009, for the first time, Raj Comics opened stores in Karnataka, one of the non-Hindi speaking states of South India, giving them a taste of Indian Hindi comics. Dhruva has also slowly made his presence felt in the international arena as well. In August 2011, [[The Boston Globe]] ran a feature on non-American comic book superheroes. They analysed comic book superheroes belonging to seven different nationalities which included [[Captain Canuck]] of [[Canada]], [[Eden Fesi]] of Australia, [[The Super Inframan|Super Inframan]] of China, Zooman: El Hombre Mosca – a [[Mexico|Mexican]] superhero, Superboy – a French superhero, Jabbar-The Powerful of [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi Arab]] and Dhruva representing Indian comics. Not only did the character receive positive reviews from the columnist, but he also rated Dhruva the highest among the seven heroes awarding him a rating of 8 out of 10. Spanish writer Chris Wright summed up the review for Dhruva – "It's hard to find fault with Super Commando Dhruva – he is completely nuts in the best possible way.".<ref name="dhruva boston" />
In the Bollywood film 'Hum do hamaare do' lead actor [[Rajkummar Rao]]'s character name 'Dhruv' is inspired by Super Commando Dhruv. A sticker of Super Commando Dhruv and his name is also mentioned in the movie.

==See also==
[[Alternative versions of Dhruva]]
{{Portal bar|India|Comics|Speculative fiction}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=no|wikt=no|b=no|q=Super Commando Dhruva|s=no|commons=no|n=no|v=no}}
*[https://archive.today/20130210085549/http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Super_Commando_Dhruva/ Dhruva's fan club at Yahoo! Groups]
*[https://www.facebook.com/DhruvFans Dhruva's fan page on Facebook]
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/captaindhruva/ Dhruva's Commando Force] a fan club on Facebook groups
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035116/http://www.orkut.co.in/main#Community?cmm=97870338 Dhruva's Commando Force] a fan club on orkut
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035116/http://www.orkut.co.in/main#Community.aspx?cmm=49986 Dhruva's fan club on orkut community]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081014035116/http://www.orkut.co.in/main#Community?cmm=1556327 An alternative fan community on orkut]
*[http://www.comicvine.com/super-commando-dhruva/29-68088/ Dhruva on comicvine]
*[https://www.faebook.com/questions.php?question_id=3466935710060552/ Poll on the official Facebook page of Raj Comics]

{{Super Commando Dhruva}}
{{Raj Comics}}

[[Category:Super Commando Dhruva| ]]
[[Category:Raj Comics superheroes]]
[[Category:Characters created by Anupam Sinha]]
[[Category:Child superheroes]]
[[Category:Fictional martial artists in comics]]
[[Category:Comics characters]]
[[Category:Fictional amateur detectives]]
[[Category:Fictional aviators]]
[[Category:Fictional circus performers]]
[[Category:Fictional cricketers]]
[[Category:Fictional criminologists]]
[[Category:Fictional stunt performers]]
[[Category:Orphan characters in comics]]
[[Category:Superheroes who are adopted]]
[[Category:Indian comics characters]]
[[Category:Hindu superheroes]]

Namburu Sankara Rao

2026-04-11T10:12:42Z

King42: made

{{Short description|Member of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Namburu Sankara Rao
| image =
| caption =
| party = [[YSR Congress Party]]
| birth_date = 1968
| birth_place = [[Tadikonda]]
| occupation = [[Politician]]
| father = Nageswara Rao
| office = Member of [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| constituency = [[Pedakurapadu Assembly constituency|Pedakurapadu]]
| predecessor = Kommalapati Sridhar
| successor = [[Bhashyam Praveen]]
}}
'''Namburu Sankara Rao''' (born 1968) is an Indian politician from [[Andhra Pradesh]]. He is an MLA of [[YSR Congress Party]] from [[Pedakurapadu Assembly constituency|Pedakurapadu Assembly Constituency]] in [[Guntur district]]. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Namburu Sankara Rao |url=https://prsindia.org/mlatrack/namburu-sankara-rao |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Early life and education ==
Rao hails from [[Tadikonda]]. He is a businessman. His father's name is Nageswara Rao, and he is a farmer. He completed his intermediate, the pre-university course from Raghuramaiah College, Narasaraopeta in 1984.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-03 |title=Namburu Sankara Rao {{!}} MLA {{!}} Pedaparimi {{!}} Thulluru {{!}} Pedakurapadu |url=https://theleaderspage.com/namburu-sankara-rao/ |access-date=2024-05-16 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Career ==
Rao became an MLA for the first time in 2019. He won the [[2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election|2019 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly Election]] representing [[YSR Congress Party]] by defeating Kommalapati Sridhar of [[Telugu Desam Party]] by a margin of 14,104 votes. In April 2023, he launched developmental works for a bridge on [[Krishna River|Krishna river]] near Madipadu village.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-04-10 |title=YS Jagan government brought development and welfare: Pedakurapadu MLA Namburu Sankara Rao |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/amaravati/ys-jagan-government-brought-development-and-welfare-pedakurapadu-mla-namburu-sankara-rao/articleshow/99384571.cms |access-date=2024-05-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> He is also known for his Spandana programme activities where he made efforts to stop corruption among government officials.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-07-02 |title=YSRC MLA Namburu Sankara Rao gets Rs 50,000 bribe returned to complainant |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2019/Jul/02/ysrc-mla-namburu-sankara-rao-gets-rs-50000-bribe-returned-to-complainant-1998126.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He was well received by the public during his campaign in May 2024, ahead of the Assembly elections.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Telugu |first=ntv |date=2024-05-07 |title=Namburu Sankara Rao: పల్లెల్లో సంక్షేమం చూడండి… పరుగులు పెడుతున్న అభివృద్ధి చూడండి.. |url=https://ntvtelugu.com/news/pedakurapadu-mla-candidate-namburu-sankara-rao-election-campaign-in-75-tyallur-588312.html |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=NTV Telugu |language=te-IN}}</ref> He also campaigned to support Anil Kumar, the party's MP candidate.<ref>{{Cite web |last=India |first=The Hans |date=2024-02-15 |title=Peddakurapadu MLA Namburu Shankar Rao calls cadre to work for YSRCP's victory |url=https://www.thehansindia.com/andhra-pradesh/peddakurapadu-mla-namburu-shankar-rao-calls-cadre-to-work-for-ysrcps-victory-858661 |access-date=2024-05-16 |website=www.thehansindia.com |language=en}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sankara Rao, Namburu}}
[[Category:YSR Congress Party politicians]]
[[Category:Politicians from Guntur district]]
[[Category:1968 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Telugu politicians]]
[[Category:Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024]]

Masha Nazeem

2026-04-10T23:54:14Z

King42: stub

{{short description|Indian inventor}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Masha Nazeem
| image =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1993}}
| birth_place = Eraviputhoor Kadai, [[Kanyakumari District]]
| education = {{Plainlist|
* [[Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering|SSN College of Engineering]] ([[B.E]])
* [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology|SRM University]] ([[Master of Technology|M.Tech]])
}}
| other_names =
| years_active =
| known_for =
| signature =
| office =
| honorific_suffix = Inventor
| website = {{URL|http://www.mashanazeem.in}}
}}

'''Masha Nazeem''' is an Indian inventor was born and brought up from Nagercoil in Kanniyakumari district.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://www.shethepeople.tv/news/masha-nazeem-receive-national-youth-award|title= 24-year-old Masha Nazeem to receive National Youth Award | work=shethepeople.tv|access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref> In 2005 during her eighth grade she designed a hi-tech train toilet (hygienic drainage disposal system in trains) that gained her two national and one international awards.<ref name="New Indian Express">{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2016/aug/14/meet-masha-social-inventor-chosen-for-cms-youth-award-1509097.html|title= Meet Masha, social inventor chosen for CM's youth award | work=New Indian Express|date= 14 August 2016 |access-date=27 February 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Nazeem was born in 1993 and was raised in [[Nagercoil]] in the [[Kanyakumari district|Kanniyakumari district]] of [[India]].<ref name=":0" /> Nazeem's father worked at the Treasury Office in Kanyakumari.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Iqbal|first=Naveed|date=11 March 2012|title=President plays host to India's innovators - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/president-plays-host-to-india-s-innovators/922287/2|access-date=16 June 2020|website=The Indian Express}}</ref>

=== Education ===
Nazeem attended [[St. Joseph's Convent Higher Secondary School, Sambalpur|St. Joseph’s Convent Higher Secondary School]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Sebastian|first=Don|date=11 September 2005|title=TN girl's gadget to keep rail tracks clean|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-tn-girl-s-gadget-to-keep-rail-tracks-clean-1720|access-date=17 June 2020|website=DNA India|language=en}}</ref> before pursuing a [[B.E]] in Electronic and Electrical Engineering at [[Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering|SSN College of Engineering]]. She later obtained an [[M.Tech]] in Power Electronics in [[SRM Institute of Science and Technology|SRM University]], Chennai.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}}

==Career==
In 2006 at age 12, Nazeem was honoured at the Indian Science Congress in Hyderabad for her invention of a drainage system for railways.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chaudhuri|first=Arjun|date=4 January 2006|title=Take remedial action - National pride|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/take-remedial-action/story-WSn7F4ukTVRGL3ISt1v1XP.html|access-date=16 June 2020|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref> In 2015, Nazeem was selected for the Entrepreneurship Development Training Programme in the [[United States]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/kanyakumari-student-selected-for-edt-programme-in-us/article7169094.ece|title= Kanyakumari student selected for EDT Programme in US | date=4 May 2015 | newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=13 July 2020}}</ref> The next year, Nazeem was invited to be a guest speaker at the 103rd Indian Science Conference.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=3 January 2016|title=An Incredible Indian Young Scientist Masha Nazeem has Invented various Useful Products|url=https://futureentech.com/an-incredible-indian-young-scientis/|access-date=16 June 2020|website=FutureEnTech|language=en-US}}</ref>

Currently, Nazeem is an innovation lead in GEMS New Millennium School, [[United Arab Emirates]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Khaleej Times spoke to some educators who have implemented The Genius Hour into their classrooms.|url=https://www.khaleejtimes.com/news/education/students-can-now-identify-their-genius-traits-during-school-hours|access-date=27 February 2020|work=Khaleej Times}}</ref>

==Awards and honors==
* 2009 - IGNITE National Award (II Prize)<ref name=":3" />
*2010 - IGNITE National Award (I Prize)<ref name=":3" />
*2015 - Two National and an International award.<ref name="New Indian Express"/>
*2016 - Chief Minister's State Youth Award (women's category)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/clri-scientist-bags-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-award/articleshow/53708946.cms|title=CLRI scientist bags A P J Abdul Kalam award|date=15 August 2016|work=The Economic Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=15 August 2016|title=CLRI scientist bags A P J Abdul Kalam award|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/pti-feed/story/clri-scientist-bags-a-p-j-abdul-kalam-award-685003-2016-08-15|access-date=16 June 2020|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>
* 2018 - National Youth Award (from the [[Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports]]) - for contributions to science and technology<ref>{{cite news|title=TN girl to receive prestigious national award|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Tiruchirapalli/tn-girl-to-receive-prestigious-national-award/article22426915.ece|access-date=27 February 2020|work=The Hindu|date=12 January 2018 }}</ref>

==Inventions==
*Transparent testing tool kit for students<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|last=PTI|date=21 November 2008|title=TN girl designs 'flameless sealmaker' {{!}} Chennai News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/TN-girl-designs-flameless-sealmaker/articleshow/3740514.cms|access-date=16 June 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref>
*"Mechanical porter" (a luggage carrying system on wheels)<ref name=":5">{{Cite book|last=Behera|first=Bidyadhar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p-mcDwAAQBAJ&q=Masha+Nazeem&pg=PA250|title=Entrepreneurship Text and cases|publisher=MJP Publishers|year=2016|isbn=978-81-8094-215-0|pages=71–72|access-date=2020-06-12|via=Google Books}}</ref>
*Burglar alarm<ref name=":5" />
*Underground conveyor belt system for transporting school bags<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6">{{cite news|title=Accolades galore for this innovator|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Accolades-galore-for-this-innovator/articleshow/53716560.cms|access-date=27 February 2020|work=Times of India|date=16 August 2016 }}</ref>

=== Hygienic Drainage Disposal System ===
After hearing a speech from the Railway Minister that warned officials may face punishment if the stench in railway systems was not dealt with, Nazeem invented a high-tech train toilet system. The Hygienic Drainage Disposal System was presented to several railway officials and India's then-president [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]] in 2005. Following Kalam's advice, Nazeem patented the invention.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":6" />

=== Flameless seal-maker ===
As a teenager, Nazeem witnessed her father melting [[Lac (resin)|lac]] over an open flame. Upon her realization that this was potentially dangerous, Nazeem sought to create a better way to safely heat lac for sealing. Nazeem invented and patented the flameless seal-maker that heats lac, wax or other seal-making materials using electricity.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> The flameless seal-maker was used at polling booths during the 2011 Assembly polls in Tamil Nadu.<ref name=":1" />

==Masha Innovation Center==
In hometown setup Masha Innovation Center, a research laboratory and workshop, the main this for it is providing free hands on training to help the young inventors to make their ideas to reality, through this Innovation Center she bring lot students ideas in to lime light and convert them in to inventors.<ref name="New Indian Express"/><ref name=":6" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.mashanazeem.in/ Official website]

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazeem, Masha}}
[[Category:Indian Muslims]]
[[Category:Engineers from Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Indian Tamil academics]]
[[Category:People from Kanyakumari district]]
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Tamil Muslims]]

Paatti Sollai Thattathe

2026-04-08T18:12:23Z

King42: Added A Entry V1!

{{short description|1988 film by Rajasekhar}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2017}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Paatti Sollai Thattathe
| image = Paatti Sollai Thattathe.jpg

| caption = Poster
| writer = [[Chithralaya Gopu]]
| producer = [[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] M. Balasubramanian M. S. Guhan
| director = [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]]
| starring = [[Pandiarajan]] [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
| music = [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]]
| cinematography = V Ranga
| editing = R. Vittal C. Laasni
| studio = [[AVM Productions]]
| released = {{film date|1988|7|22|df=y}}
| runtime = 148 minutes
| country = India
| language = Tamil
}}
'''''Paatti Sollai Thattathe''''' ({{translation|Do not disobey your grandmother's words}}) is a 1988 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[Rajasekhar (director)|Rajasekhar]], written by [[Chithralaya Gopu]] and produced by [[AVM Productions]]. The film stars [[Pandiarajan]], [[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] and [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]. It was released on 22 July 1988 and became a [[Silver jubilee film|silver jubilee success]]. The film was remade in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] by the same studio as ''[[Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata]]'' (1990).

== Plot ==
{{more plot|date=November 2021}}
Kannathaa, an old rich countrywoman of character, as well as her husband, Vadjiran Subbaiya, an old hunter, look forward to the return of Selvam, their unique grandson, whom they raised with love, since the death of his parents. Selvam returns at his home, having ended his higher studies. In the train which returns him, he meets Seetha, also a graduate, who avoids her home, because of a marriage forced with a notorious procurer. Because he chooses to marry not with the one who was intended, he, by the good care of his grandmother, Selvam, exiles himself with Seetha, who has just married him, towards the capital.

The couple meets difficult debuts, because they are obliged to work in the same office, by pretending not to know each other. They have to face a multitude of qui pro quos. Then once reconciled with his grandmother, Selvam and Seetha is obliged to lie him, by presenting him a child who is not theirs. Indeed, Vadjiran Subbaiya who had come see his grandson, well before, leaves Seetha with a child in her arms. The old man deduced that it was theirs. Selvam "thus" "rented", with Anushya, her baby, to keep up appearances. But the young woman turns out to be a big swindler. She exploits the situation of the couple.

== Cast ==
{{cast listing|
*[[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]] as Kannathaa
*[[Pandiarajan]] as Selvam
*[[Urvashi (actress)|Urvashi]] as Seetha
*[[Silk Smitha]] as Anushya
*[[Disco Shanti]] as
*[[Kovai Sarala]] as Leela
*[[S. S. Chandran]] as Vadjiran Subbaiya
*[[Y. G. Mahendran]] as Criminal lawyer Kid
* [[Senthil]] as the sub-inspector
* [[Anandaraj]] as the auto-rickshaw driver
*[[Vennira Aadai Moorthy]] as Civil lawyer Moorthy
}}

== Production ==

[[M. Saravanan (producer)|M. Saravanan]] who initially worked as production manager produced his first film ''[[Mamiyar Mechina Marumagal]]'' (1959). The film's failure left him upset and he decided to score a successful film in near future on the same subject which eventually became ''Paatti Sollai Thattathe''.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=சரவணன் |first=ஏவி.எம். |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |date=7 August 2005 |title=நான் கொண்ட வைராக்கியம்! |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki2005-08-07/kalki2005-08-07.pdf |access-date=30 May 2023 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–63 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> The makers initially wanted [[Gangai Amaran]] to direct the film which did not work out. Saravanan decided to adapt ''Pattam Parakudhu'' written by [[Chithralaya Gopu]] after it was rejected by television channels.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=314}} ''Pattam Parakudhu'' was adapted from the 1968 American film ''[[The Love Bug]]''.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=314}} The film featured a [[Volkswagen Beetle]] named "Super Car" that was inspired by [[Herbie]], the car featured in ''The Love Bug''.{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=316}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Frederick |first=Prince |date=14 October 2015 |title=No laughing matter, this! |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/man-and-machine-no-laughing-matter-this/article7761236.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228061008/https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/man-and-machine-no-laughing-matter-this/article7761236.ece |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=28 February 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

== Soundtrack ==
The soundtrack was composed by [[Chandrabose (composer)|Chandrabose]], with lyrics written by [[Vairamuthu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patti Sollai Thattathe {{sic|nolink=y|(1990)}} |url=https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/patti-sollai-thattathe-songs-T0001099 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103052607/https://www.raaga.com/tamil/movie/patti-sollai-thattathe-songs-T0001099 |archive-date=3 November 2021 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=[[Raaga.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Paatti Sollai Thattathe Tamil Film LP Vinyl Record by Chandrabose |url=https://mossymart.com/product/paatti-sollai-thattathe-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-chandrabose/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103053031/https://mossymart.com/product/paatti-sollai-thattathe-tamil-film-lp-vinyl-record-by-chandrabose/ |archive-date=3 November 2021 |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Mossymart}}</ref>

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Car Car Super Car
| extra1 = [[M. S. Rajeswari]]
| length1 = 1:35
| title2 = Delhikku Raja Analum
| extra2 = [[Manorama (Tamil actress)|Manorama]]
| length2 = 4:22
| title3 = Patta Padippu Padichu Vantha
| extra3 = Manorama, [[Malaysia Vasudevan]] and chorus
| length3 = 5:30
| title4 = Salaam Sadukudu
| extra4 = Malaysia Vasudevan, [[S. P. Sailaja]] and chorus
| length4 = 4:36
| title5 = Vannathi Poochi
| extra5 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]] and [[K. S. Chithra]]
| length5 = 4:10
| title6 = Vethala Madichi Kodukka Aasaiya
| extra6 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and K. S. Chithra
| length6 = 4:34
| title7 = Vethala Madichi Kodukka Aasaiya
| note7 = Sad
| extra7 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam and K. S. Chithra
| length7 = 4:48
| total_length = 29:35
}}

== Release and reception ==
''Paatti Sollai Thattathe'' was released on 22 July 1988,<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 July 1988 |title=Paatti Sollai Thattathey |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880722&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=17 February 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and became a commercial success, celebrating [[Silver jubilee film|silver jubilee]].{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=317}} The car sequence was well received, and brought repeat audiences to theatres.{{Sfn|Saravanan|2013|p=317}} ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote, "While Gopu shows much eagerness to indulge in some naughty lines [..] director Rajasekhar [..] shows thoughtfulness in fashioning his sequences".<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 1988 |title=Paatti Sollai Thattaadhe |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19880729&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=15 January 2019 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=5 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> [[Subha (writers)|Jayamanmadhan]] of ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' said the film was only worth watching for Manorama.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=ஜெயமன்மதன் |author-link=Subha (writers) |date=28 August 1988 |title=பாட்டி சொல்லைத் தட்டாதே |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/aug/28-08-1988/p6.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220730053444/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1988/aug/28-08-1988/p6.jpg |archive-date=30 July 2022 |access-date=10 May 2022 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=6 |language=ta}}</ref> Manorama won the [[Cinema Express Awards|Cinema Express Award for Best Comedy Actress]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 March 1989 |title=Cinema Express readers choose Agni Nakshathiram |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19890311&printsec=frontpage |access-date=19 February 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=4 |via=[[Google News Archive]] |agency=Express News Service}}{{cbignore}}</ref> and B. Nagarajan won the [[Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Art Director]].{{citation needed|date=November 2021}} The film was remade by AVM in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] as ''[[Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata]]'' (1990).{{sfn|Saravanan|2013|pp=318–319}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book |last=Saravanan |first=M. |title=AVM 60 Cinema |publisher=Rajarajan Pathippagam |year=2013 |edition=3rd |language=ta |oclc=1158347612 |author-link=M. Saravanan (producer) |orig-date=2005}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=0331599}}
{{AVM Productions}}
{{Rajasekhar (director)}}

[[Category:1988 Indian films]]
[[Category:1988 Tamil-language films]]
[[Category:1988 comedy films]]
[[Category:1988 films]]
[[Category:AVM Productions films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Rajasekhar (director)]]
[[Category:Films scored by Chandrabose (composer)]]
[[Category:Indian comedy films]]
[[Category:Tamil films remade in other languages]]
[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]

Ranjit Singh of Bundi

2026-04-02T09:27:45Z

King42: Added New Bio Basic Info!

{{Short description|Maharao Raja of Bundi (1977–2010)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2026}}
{{Other uses|Ranjit Singh (disambiguation)}}
{{infobox royalty
| name = Ranjit Singh
| title = [[Maharao Raja]]
| succession = [[Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]]
| reign = 24 December 1977 – 8 January 2010
| predecessor = [[Bahadur Singh of Bundi|Bahadur Singh]]
| successor = [[Vanshvardhan Singh]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1939|09|13|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2010|01|08|1939|09|13|df=yes}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Durga Kumari|11 December 1969|1971|reason=divorced}}
| father = [[Bahadur Singh of Bundi|Bahadur Singh]]
| house = {{flagicon image|Bundi_State_Coat_of_Arms.png}} [[Bundi State|Bundi]]
| dynasty = [[Hada Chauhan|Hada]]
}}
'''Ranjit Singh''' (13 September 1939 – 8 January 2010) was the head of the [[Hada Chauhan|Hada]] clan of the [[Chauhan dynasty|Chauhan]] [[Rajput|Rajputs]] and the [[Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|State of Bundi]] from 1977 until his death in 2010.
==Biography==
He was born on 13 September 1939 to [[Bahadur Singh of Bundi|Bahadur Singh]], the [[Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]], and his wife, who was a daughter of [[Sajjan Singh of Ratlam|Sajjan Singh]], the [[Maharaja]] of [[Ratlam State|Ratlam]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Reed |first=Sir Stanley |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Indian_Year_Book/EvsTAAAAIAAJ |title=Indian Year Book |date=1949 |publisher=Times of India Press |pages=703 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He married on 11 December 1969 to Durga Kumari, a daughter of Lakshman Singh, the [[Raja]] of [[Chamba State|Chamba]], by his wife Devendra Kumari from [[Pratapgarh State|Pratapgarh]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=BUNDI |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bundi.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703190306/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/b/bundi.html |archive-date=2017-07-03 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Soszynski |first=Henry |title=CHAMBA |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/chamba.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709174451/http://members.iinet.net.au/~royalty/ips/c/chamba.html |archive-date=2017-07-09 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=members.iinet.net.au}}</ref> The two divorced in 1971.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He had a younger sister named [[Mahendra Kumari]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-11-27 |title=Forgery case: Rajasthan court issues arrest warrant against former minister |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/forgery-case-rajasthan-court-arrest-warrant-bhanwar-7643750/ |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Upon the death of his father on 24 December 1977, he succeeded him to the title, rank and dignity of the [[Maharao|Maharao Raja]] of [[Bundi State|Bundi]].<ref name=":0" /> Traditionally, the head of the royal house of [[Bundi State|Bundi]] is also acknowledged as the head of [[Hada Chauhan|Hadas]].<ref name=":0" />

He died after a prolonged illness in [[New Delhi]] on 8 January 2010.<ref name=":0" /> As he left behind no male issues to succeed him, the throne of [[Bundi State|Bundi]] remained vacant until 2 April 2022, when [[Vanshvardhan Singh]] was installed as his successor.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IANS |date=2022-04-10 |title=Bundi's royal tangle sorted out with new Maharaja's coronation |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/states/1503059169-1503059169.html |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=The Statesman |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-04-03 |title=Rajasthan: 34-year-old Vanshvardhan Singh crowned the 26th Maharao Raja of Bundi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/34-yr-old-vanshvardhan-singh-crowned-the-26th-maharao-raja-of-bundi/articleshow/90616870.cms |access-date=2026-03-26 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

== Titles and styles ==
Upon his accession to the throne of Bundi, he was titled ''[[His Highness]] Hadendra Shiromani Deo Sar Buland Rai [[Maharao Raja]] Ranjit Singh [[Baghatur|Bahadur]]'', like his predecessors.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Sir Stanley Reed |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83745 |title=The Indian Year Book 1937 Vol 23 |date=1937 |pages=990}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Joshi |first=g h |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.108641 |title=The Peoples Of India |date=1922 |pages=1215}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bundi, Ranjit Singh}}
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2022 deaths]]
[[Category:Maharajas of Bundi State]]
[[Category:Hindu monarchs]]
[[Category:People from Bundi]]

Abdul Latif (Indian politician)

2026-04-01T02:39:15Z

King42: added some pg w/ infobox!

{{Short description|Indian politician (1912–1991)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Rajya Sabha|Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha]]
| term_start = 1956
| term_end = 1962
| constituency = [[Tripura]]
| party = [[Indian National Congress]]
| birth_date = 1912
| death_date = 1991
}}

'''Abdul Latif ''' (born 1912 – died 1991) was an Indian politician from the [[Indian National Congress]]. He was Member of the [[Parliament of India]], representing [[Tripura]] in the [[Rajya Sabha]] from 1956 to 1962.<ref>[http://tripuraassembly.nic.in/rajyasabha.html LIST OF MEMBERS OF RAJYA SABHA ELECTED FROM TRIPURA 1952-2010]</ref><ref>[http://www.the-laws.com/Encyclopedia/Browse/Case?CaseId=424102851000 MD. ABDUL LATIF Vs. STATE OF TRIPURA]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Latif, Abdul}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress politicians from Tripura]]
[[Category:Rajya Sabha members from Tripura]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengali people]]

{{Tripura-INC-politician-stub}}

Nizam of Hyderabad

2026-03-18T07:04:16Z

King42:

{{short description|Historic monarch of the Hyderabad State of India}}
{{Redirect|Nizam}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox former monarchy
| royal_title = Nizam-ul-Mulk
| realm = Hyderabad Deccan
| native_name =
| border =
| coatofarms = Hyderabad Coat of Arms.jpg
| coatofarms_size =
| coatofarmscaption = Coat of Arms of [[Kingdom of Hyderabad|Hyderabad]]
| style = [[Exalted Highness|His Exalted Highness]]
| image =
| image_size =
| heir_apparent = 
| heir_presumptive = 
| first_monarch = [[Chin Qilich Khan]]
| last_monarch = [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan]]
| formation = 31 July 1724
| abolition = 17 September 1948
| residence = [[Chowmahalla Palace]]
| appointer = Hereditary
| pretender = [[Azmet Jah]]
| image2 = Asaf Jah I.jpg
| caption2 = '''First to reign''' '''[[Chin Qilich Khan]]''' 31 July 1724{{spaced ndash}}1 June 1748
}}

[[File:Asafia flag of Hyderabad State.svg|thumb|Asafia flag of [[Hyderabad Deccan]]. The script along the top reads ''Al Azmatulillah'' meaning "All greatness is for God". The bottom script reads ''Ya Uthman'' which translates to "Oh [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|Osman]]". The writing in the middle reads "''Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah''".]]

[[File:Usman Ali Khan.jpg|230px|thumb|right|7th Nizam - [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]]]]

'''Nizam of Hyderabad''' was the title of the ruler of [[Hyderabad State]] ({{as of|2023|alt=now}} part of the Indian state of [[Telangana]], the [[Marathwada]] Region of Maharashtra, and the [[Kalyana-Karnataka]] region of [[Karnataka]]). ''Nizam'' is a shortened form of {{translit|fa|Niẓām ul-Mulk}} ({{langx|fa|نظام‌ الملک}}; {{lit|Administrator of the Realm}}), and was the title bestowed upon [[Asaf Jah I]] when he was appointed [[Viceroy of the Deccan]] by the Mughal emperor [[Farrukhsiyar]]. In addition to being the Mughal viceroy (''[[Naib]]'') of the Deccan, Asaf Jah I was also the premier [[courtier]] of the Mughal Empire until 1724, when he established an independent [[monarchy|realm]] based in [[Hyderabad]], but in practice, continued to recognise the nominal authority of the emperor.

The [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]] was founded by [[Chin Qilich Khan]] (Asaf Jah I), who served as a ''Naib'' of the [[Deccan sultanates]] under the [[Mughal Empire]] from 1713 to 1721. He intermittently ruled the region after Emperor [[Aurangzeb]]'s death in 1707. In 1724 Mughal control weakened, and Asaf Jah became virtually independent.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA1049|title= Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z|isbn= 9780313335396|last1= Jaques|first1= Tony|year= 2007|publisher= Bloomsbury Academic|access-date= 11 April 2019|archive-date= 31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223356/https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA1049|url-status= live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA64|title= The State at War in South Asia|isbn= 978-0803213449|last1= Barua|first1= Pradeep|year= 2005|publisher= U of Nebraska Press|access-date= 11 April 2019|archive-date= 12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212123138/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA64|url-status= live|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=anglo+maratha+treaty+1790&pg=PA198|title= Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–96, Volume 2|first= Sailendra|last= Nath Sen|isbn= 9788171547890|year= 1994|publisher= Popular Prakashan|access-date= 18 November 2020|archive-date= 28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328161314/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=anglo+maratha+treaty+1790&pg=PA198|url-status= live|language=en}}</ref> The titular Nizams [[Battle of Palkhed|fought with the Marathas]] since the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular tax (''[[Chauth]]'') to the Marathas.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sen |first=Sailendra Nath |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC |title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96 |date=1994 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-789-0 |page=198 |language=en |quote=It was Bajirao I who had imposed chauth on the Nizam's dominions and, over a long period, it had accumulated to quite a large amount. To all intents and purposes the Nizam was a tributary of the Marathas; but the Nizam, now strengthened by acquisitions from Tipu's dominions and by his alliance with the British, tried to shake off the Maratha yoke.}}</ref> The Nizam later accepted British [[suzerainty]] after the [[Battle of Kharda|defeat at Kharda]] and supported the British [[Third Anglo-Maratha War|in its war against the Marathas]].

When the [[English East India Company]] achieved [[Suzerainty#British paramountcy|paramountcy]] over the [[Indian subcontinent]], they allowed the Nizams to continue to rule their princely states as client kings. The Nizams retained internal power over [[Hyderabad State]] until 17 September 1948, when Hyderabad was integrated into the new Indian Union.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/day-year-how-hyderabad-became-part-union-india-88407
|title= This day, that year: How Hyderabad became a part of the union of India
|date= 16 September 2018
|access-date= 16 September 2018
|archive-date= 30 December 2018
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181230191656/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/day-year-how-hyderabad-became-part-union-india-88407
|url-status= live
}}</ref>

The Asaf Jahi dynasty had only seven recognized rulers, but there was a period of 13 unstable years after the rule of the first Nizam when two of his sons, [[Nasir Jung]] and [[Salabat Jung|Salabath Jung]], and his grandson, Muzafur Jung, ruled. They were never officially recognised{{by whom|date=October 2019}} as rulers. The seventh and last Nizam, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], fell from power when India annexed Hyderabad State in 1948 in [[Operation Polo]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 September 2020|title=Police Action: What happened in Hyderabad State during 1948 and beyond|url=https://www.siasat.com/police-action-what-happened-in-hyderabad-state-during-1948-and-beyond-1968710/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=The Siasat Daily|language=en-GB|archive-date=16 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116064306/https://www.siasat.com/police-action-what-happened-in-hyderabad-state-during-1948-and-beyond-1968710/|url-status=live}}</ref> Today, the title is held by his great grandson, [[pretender]] [[Azmet Jah]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Azmet Jah coronated as ninth titular Nizam of Hyderabad |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/hyderabad/story/azmet-jah-coronated-as-ninth-titular-nizam-of-hyderabad-2324768-2023-01-22 |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=India Today |date=22 January 2023 |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922182834/https://www.indiatoday.in/cities/hyderabad/story/azmet-jah-coronated-as-ninth-titular-nizam-of-hyderabad-2324768-2023-01-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==History==

===Etymology===
The title ''Nizam'' comes from the [[Persian language|Persian]] نظام /nɪˈzɑːm/, which itself is derived from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''niẓām'' which means "order" or "arrangement", and was typically given to high ranking state officials.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nizam|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nizam|publisher=[[OxfordDictionaries.com]]|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=11 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131310/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/nizam|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Descent===

According to [[Roper Lethbridge|Sir Roper Lethbridge]] in ''The Golden Book of India'' (1893), the Nizams are lineally descended from the [[Rashidun Caliphate#Succession to Muhammad|First]] Caliph [[Abu Bakr]], the successor of the Islamic prophet [[Muhammed]].<ref name="Roper">{{cite book|chapter=Hyderabad|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC|title=The Golden Book of India|last=Lethbridge|first=Roper|page=179|year=1893|isbn=9788187879541|publisher=Aakar Books|access-date=11 February 2018|archive-date=25 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625121211/https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC|url-status=live}}</ref> The family of Nizams in [[India]] is descended from [[Kilich Khan|Abid Khan]], a [[Persians|Persian]] from [[Samarkand]], whose lineage is traced to Sufi [[Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi|Shihab-ud-Din Suhrawardi]] (1154–91) of [[Sohrevard|Suhraward]] in Iran. In the early 1650s, on his way to [[hajj]], Abid Khan stopped in Deccan, where the young prince [[Aurangzeb]], then Governor of Deccan, cultivated him. Abid Khan returned to the service of Aurangzeb to fight in the succession wars of 1657–58. After Aurangzeb's enthronement, Abid Khan was richly rewarded and became Aurangzeb's favourite nobleman. His son [[Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I|Ghazi Uddin Khan]] was married to Safiya Khanum, the daughter of the former imperial [[Grand Vizier]] (prime minister) [[Saadullah Khan (Mughal Empire)|Sa'dullah Khan]]. [[Mir Qamaruddin Khan]], the founder of the line of Nizams, was born of the couple, thus descending from two prominent families of the Mughal court.{{sfn|Faruqui, At Empire's End|2013|p=3–4}}

Ghazi Uddin Khan rose to become a General of the [[Emperor Aurangzeb]] and played a vital role in conquering [[Bijapur Sultanate|Bijapur]] and [[Golconda Sultanate]]s of Southern India in 1686.{{sfn|Lethbridge, The Golder Book of India|1893|p=179}} He also played a key role in thwarting the rebellion by [[Sultan Muhammad Akbar|Prince Akbar]] and alleged rebellion by [[Muhammad Mu'azzam|Prince Mu`azzam]].{{sfn|Faruqui, At Empire's End|2013|p=4–5}}[[File:India1760 1905.jpg|thumb|Map of India in 1760. Part of the southern area in green was ruled by the Nizam.|alt=]]After Aurangzeb's death and during the war of succession, Qamaruddin and his father remained neutral thus escaping the risk of being on the losing side; they remained marginal players in the Mughal court during the reigns of [[Bahadur Shah I]] (1707–12) and [[Jahandar Shah]] (1712–13). Their successor [[Farrukhsiyar]] (1713–19) appointed Qamaruddin the governor of Deccan in 1713, awarding him the title ''Nizam-ul-Mulk''. However, the governorship was taken away two years later and Qamaruddin withdrew to his estate in [[Moradabad district|Moradabad]]. Under the next emperor, [[Muhammad Shah]] (1719–48), Qamaruddin accepted the governorship of Deccan for the second time in 1721. The next year, following the death of his uncle [[Muhammad Amin Khan Turani|Muhammad Amin Khan]], a power-broker in the Mughal Court, Qamaruddin returned to Delhi and was made the ''wazir'' (prime minister). According to historian Faruqui, his tenure as prime minister was undermined by his opponents and a rebellion in Deccan was engineered against him. In 1724, the Nizam returned to Deccan to reclaim his base, in the process making a transition to a semi-independent ruler.{{sfn|Faruqui, At Empire's End|2013|pp=9-13}}

===Reign===

{{Further|Hyderabad State}}

In 1724, Asaf Jah I defeated [[Mubariz Khan]] to establish autonomy over the ''Deccan Suba'', named the region ''[[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad Deccan]]'', and started what came to be known as the [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]. Subsequent rulers retained the title ''Nizam ul-Mulk'' and were referred to as Asaf Jahi Nizams, or Nizams of Hyderabad.<ref name="Richards">{{cite journal|title=The Hyderabad Karnatik, 1687–1707|first=J. F. |last=Richards|year=1975|journal=[[Modern Asian Studies]]|pages=241–260|doi=10.1017/S0026749X00004996|volume=9|issue=2|s2cid=142989123 }}</ref><ref name="columbia&TOI">{{cite book|title=Muslim civilization in India|chapter=A century of political decline: 1707–1803|publisher=[[Columbia University]]|chapter-url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|year=1964|last=Ikram|first=S. M.|author-link=S. M. Ikram|editor-last=Embree|editor-first=Ainslie T|editor-link=Ainslie Embree|isbn=978-0-231-02580-5|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-date=6 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306002641/http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/ikram/part2_19.html|url-status=live}}
* {{cite news|title=Testing time again for the pearl of Deccan|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Testing-time-again-for-the-Pearl-of-Deccan/articleshow/5324913.cms?referral=PM|last=Rao|first=Sushil|newspaper=The Times of India|date=11 December 2009|access-date=28 February 2018|archive-date=10 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910232115/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Testing-time-again-for-the-Pearl-of-Deccan/articleshow/5324913.cms?referral=PM|url-status=live}}</ref> Nizam I never formally declared independence from the Mughals; he still flew the Mughal flag, and was never crowned. In Friday prayers, the sermon would be conducted in the name of Aurangzeb, and this tradition continued until the end of Hyderabad State in 1948. The death of [[Asaf Jah I]] in 1748 resulted in a period of political unrest as his sons, backed by opportunistic neighbouring states and colonial foreign forces, contended for the throne. The accession of [[Ali Khan Asaf Jah II|Asif Jah II]], who reigned from 1762 to 1803, ended the instability. In 1768, he signed the treaty of [[Machilipatnam]], surrendering the coastal region to the [[East India Company]] in return for a fixed annual rent.<ref name="Reg Sal Geo">{{cite book|title=Nizam-British relations, 1724–1857|publisher=Concept Publishing| pages=130–150|isbn=978-81-7022-195-1|last=Regani|first=Sarojini|year=1988}}
* {{cite book|title=A comprehensive history of medieval India|publisher=[[Dorling Kindersley]]|page=346|isbn=978-81-317-3202-1|last=Farooqui|first=Salma Ahmed|year=2011}}
* {{cite book|title=An historical sketch of the native states of India in subsidiary alliance with the British government|publisher=Asian Education Services|pages=280–292|isbn=978-81-206-1971-5|last=Malleson|first=George Bruce|year=2005}}
* {{cite book|title=The annals of Indian administration, Volume 14| publisher=BiblioBazaar|page=467|isbn=978-1-145-42314-5|last=Townsend|first=Meredith|year=2010}}</ref>

[[File:Hyderabad state 1909.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Hyderabad State in 1909]]
[[File:Hyderabad, Chowmahalla Palace, edificio centrale 02.jpg|thumb| [[Chowmahalla Palace]], official residence of the Nizams (1720-1948)]]
Following the decline of the Mughal power, the region of Deccan saw the rise of the [[Maratha Empire]]. The titular Nizams themselves fought during the [[Mughal-Maratha Wars]] since the 1720s, which resulted in the Nizam paying a regular tax (''[[Chauth]]'') to the Marathas. The major battles fought between the Marathas and the Nizam include [[Battle of Palkhed|Palkhed]], [[Battle of Bhopal|Bhopal]], Rakshasbhuvan, and [[Battle of Kharda|Kharda]], in all of which the Nizam lost.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA1049|title=Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P-Z|isbn=9780313335396|last1=Jaques|first1=Tony|year=2007|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131223356/https://books.google.com/books?id=tW_eEVbVxpEC&pg=PA1049|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA64|title=The State at War in South Asia|isbn=978-0803213449|last1=Barua|first1=Pradeep|year=2005|publisher=U of Nebraska Press |access-date=11 April 2019|archive-date=12 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212123138/https://books.google.com/books?id=FIIQhuAOGaIC&pg=PA64|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the conquest of Deccan by [[Bajirao I]] and the imposition of ''Chauth'' by him, the Nizam essentially remained a tributary of the Marathas.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=anglo+maratha+treaty+1790&pg=PA198|title=Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785-96, Volume 2|last=Nath Sen|first=Sailendra|isbn=9788171547890|year=1994|publisher=Popular Prakashan |access-date=18 November 2020|archive-date=28 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328161337/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-kanqrtVhYC&q=anglo+maratha+treaty+1790&pg=PA198|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:The Nizam VI riding an elephant in a procession from Moula Ali, circa. 1895.jpg|thumb|The [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI|sixth Nizam]] riding an elephant in a procession from [[Moula Ali]], {{Circa|1890s}}.]]

In 1805, after the East India Company's victory in the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]], the Nizam of Hyderabad came under their protection.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}. In 1858, the state of Hyderabad became part of the [[British Indian Empire]] as a [[princely state]] with full autonomy albeit under colonial rule and was subject to the British Crown.

From 1876 to 1948, the Nizam recognised [[the Crown]] as paramount ruler of India as the [[monarch of the United Kingdom]] simultaneously held the title of [[emperor of India]] (first held by [[Queen Victoria]] as empress and the last being [[George VI]] as emperor)

In 1903, the [[Berar Province|Berar]] region of the state was separated and merged into the Central Provinces of [[British Raj|British India]], to form the [[Central Provinces and Berar]].

During the [[Second World War]], 80,000 men who were raised by the Nizam to form a personal army under the [[Indian State Forces]], known as the [[19th Hyderabad Regiment]] served in Malaya, North Africa, Persia, Singapore and Burma

The last Nizam of Hyderabad state, [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan]] crowned in 1911, had been the richest man in the world in his time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.instash.com/top-10-richest-men-of-all-time|title=Top 10: Richest Men (of All Time)|work=inStash|access-date=28 September 2014|archive-date=19 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819080553/http://www.instash.com/top-10-richest-men-of-all-time|url-status=live}}</ref> The Nizams developed the railway, introduced electricity, and developed roads, airways, irrigation and reservoirs; in fact, all major public buildings in Hyderabad City were built during his reign during the period of [[British Raj|British rule in India]]. He pushed education, science, and the establishment of [[Osmania University]] forward.

In 1947, at the time of the [[partition of India]], the [[Government of the United Kingdom|British government]] offered the 565 [[princely state]]s in the sub-continent the options of acceding to either India or Pakistan or remaining independent.

===End of the dynasty===

{{Main|Annexation of Hyderabad}}

[[File:Op Polo Surrender.jpg|upright|thumb|General [[Syed Ahmed El Edroos]] (at right) offers his surrender of the [[Hyderabad State]] Forces to Major General (later General and Army Chief) [[Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri]] at [[Secunderabad]].]]

After the [[Independence of India]] in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad chose to join neither the [[Dominion of India]] nor the [[Dominion of Pakistan]]. He later declared Hyderabad an independent state as the third Dominion, attempting to become an independent monarchy in the [[British Commonwealth]], sharing King George VI as head of state (since at that time members were required to share the king as head of state). Not only the Government of India, but [[George VI]] who was head of the organization, the last [[emperor of India]] before independence and most crucially, the incumbent [[List of heads of state of India|monarch of India]] rejected the notion. After attempts by India to persuade the Nizam to accede to India failed, and due to large-scale atrocities committed by [[Razakars (Hyderabad)|Razakars]] (who wanted the Nizam to accede Hyderabad to Pakistan) on the Hindu populace,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=231|title=Police Action in Hyderabad State|publisher=AP State Portal|access-date=29 February 2020|archive-date=15 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615190821/https://www.ap.gov.in/?page_id=231|url-status=live}}</ref> the Indian government finally launched a military operation named [[Operation Polo]]. The [[Indian Army]] invaded Hyderabad on 13 September 1948 and defeated his untrained forces. The Nizam capitulated on 17 September 1948; that same afternoon he broadcast the news over the State radio network. The Nizam was forced to accept accession to the new Union of India. His abdication on 17 September 1948 ended the dynasty's ambitions. Nevertheless, he became the [[Rajpramukh]] postindependence based on public vote.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/the-last-nizam-hero-or-villain/articleshow/71152851.cms |title=The last Nizam - Hero or Villain? |website=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=2 June 2020 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301142209/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/the-last-nizam-hero-or-villain/articleshow/71152851.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> He died on Friday, 24 February 1967.

All Nizams are buried in royal graves at the [[Makkah Masjid, Hyderabad|Makkah Masjid]] near [[Charminar]] in Hyderabad excepting the [[Mir Osman Ali Khan|last]], who wished to be buried beside his mother, in the graveyard of [[Judi Mosque]] facing [[King Kothi Palace]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.siasat.com/news/floarl-tribute-nizam-vii-1322809| title=Floarl Tribute to Nizam VII| date=25 February 2018| access-date=9 December 2018| archive-date=13 June 2018| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613160539/https://www.siasat.com/news/floarl-tribute-nizam-vii-1322809/| url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pictures-50-years-ago-sea-people-turned-death-hyderabads-last-nizam-57707?amp |title=In pictures: 50 years ago, a sea of people turned up for the death of Hyderabad's last Nizam |date=24 February 2017 |access-date=9 December 2018 |archive-date=23 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323091123/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pictures-50-years-ago-sea-people-turned-death-hyderabads-last-nizam-57707?amp |url-status=live }}</ref>

==State wealth==

[[File:Nizam's of Hyderabad Throne.jpg|thumb|300px|The Nizam of Hyderabad's throne in [[Chowmahalla Palace]]]]

During the period of the Nizams' rule, [[Hyderabad State|Hyderabad]] became wealthy - thanks to the [[Golconda diamonds|Golconda mines]] which were the only sources of diamonds in the world market at that time (apart from South African mines) making the 7th Nizam the richest person in the world. [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] and his family including [[Mir Turab Ali Khan, Salar Jung I|Salar Jung I]] were taught by Nawab Sarwar Ul Mulk and Agha Mirza Baig Bahadur, who was his political advisor,<ref>{{cite news|title=Hyderabad:silver jubilee durbar|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770599,00.html|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=22 February 1937|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-date=24 May 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070524114531/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770599,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the senior-most [[salute state]] among the Indian [[princely state]]s. It was spread over {{Convert|223000|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} in the Deccan, ruled by the Asaf Jahi dynasty. The Nizams were conferred with the title of [[Exalted Highness|His Exalted Highness]], and "Faithful Ally of the British Government" for their roles in the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War|Second]] and [[Third Anglo-Mysore War]]s and the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Rebellion]] of 1857,<ref name="TimesMag"/> becoming the only Indian prince to be given both these titles.<ref name="thedailystar.net">{{cite news|title=Richest Indian in history!|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=147820|newspaper=[[Daily Star (United Kingdom)]]|date=23 July 2010|access-date=15 September 2011}}
{{cite news|title=Making money the royal way|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-23/news/27703352_1_richest-man-mir-osman-ali-khan-forbes-list|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]|date=23 April 2008|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-date=14 July 2012|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120714172402/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-04-23/news/27703352_1_richest-man-mir-osman-ali-khan-forbes-list|url-status=dead}}</ref>

One example of the wealth of the Nizams is the [[Jewels of the Nizams]], an international tourist attraction once displayed in [[Salar Jung Museum]], but now locked in a [[Reserve Bank of India]] vault in Delhi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why are Jewels Hyderabad Last Nizam Locked RBI Vault in Delhi |date=8 April 2017 |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-are-jewels-hyderabads-last-nizam-locked-rbi-vault-delhi-60045 |access-date=27 December 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805043401/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/why-are-jewels-hyderabads-last-nizam-locked-rbi-vault-delhi-60045 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1948 Hyderabad state had an estimated population of 17 million (1.7 [[crore]]), and it generated an estimated annual revenue of £90,029,000.<ref name="TimesMag">{{cite news|title=Hyderabad:the holdout|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799076-1,00.html|newspaper=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=30 August 1948|access-date=10 October 2011|archive-date=10 November 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110111930/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799076-1,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The state had its currency known as the [[Hyderabadi rupee]], until 1951.<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite news|title=Jewel in the crown: a palace fit for a Nizam|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2011/feb/20/taj-falaknuma-palace-nizam|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 February 2011|access-date=15 September 2011|archive-date=25 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125042218/http://www.theguardian.com/travel/2011/feb/20/taj-falaknuma-palace-nizam|url-status=live}}</ref> The pace at which the last Nizam [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]] amassed wealth made him one of the world's richest men in 1937, also known for his miserliness.<ref name="thedailystar.net"/> He was estimated to be worth {{INR}} 660 crores (roughly {{USD}}2 billion by the then exchange rates).<ref>[[History of the rupee]]</ref> According to the ''[[Forbes]] All-Time Wealthiest List'' of 2008, Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan is the fifth richest man in recorded history per the figures, with an estimated worth of {{USD}}210.8 billion adjusted by Forbes as per the growth of the US GDP since that period and the present exchange rate of the US dollar against the Indian rupee.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/>

===Institutions===

The Nizams set up numerous institutions in the name of the dynasty including hospitals, schools, colleges, and universities that imparted education in Urdu.<ref name="guardian.co.uk"/> Inspired by the [[Indian Civil Service]], the Nizams established their own local [[Hyderabad Civil Service]].

===Infrastructure===

The Nizams commissioned engineering projects such as large reservoirs like [[Osman Sagar]] and [[Himayat Sagar]]. Survey work on the [[Nagarjuna Sagar Dam]] was also initiated during this time, although the actual work was completed under the aegis of the [[Government of India]] in 1969.<ref name="Mahmood">{{cite book|title=A policeman ponders: memories and melodies of a varied life|publisher=A.P.H.Publishing Corporation|page=19|year=1999|isbn=978-81-7648-026-0|first=Muhammad|last=Mahmood Bin}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tribes of India:ongoing challenges|publisher=MD Publication Pvt Ltd|page=310|year=1996|isbn=978-81-7533-007-8|first=Mann|last=Rann Singh}}</ref>

They also gave Hyderabad its railway network - the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://telanganatoday.com/wheel-comes-full-circle|title=The wheel comes full circle…: A look back at the history of transportation in the city|last=Ifthekar|first=JS|date=26 November 2017|work=Telangana Today|access-date=25 May 2020|archive-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200619093148/https://telanganatoday.com/wheel-comes-full-circle|url-status=live}}</ref> which helped in setting up various industries.

Other landmarks include the [[Telangana High Court]], [[City College Hyderabad|City College]], [[Public Gardens, Hyderabad|Public Gardens]] (formerly ''Bagh-e-Aaam''), [[Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad|Jubilee Hall]], [[Asafia Library]], [[Telangana Legislature|The Assembly building]], [[Niloufer Hospital]], the [[Osmania University|Osmania Arts College]] and the [[Osmania Medical College]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/160452/6/06_abstract.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401172317/http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/160452/6/06_abstract.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Interfaith Philanthropy ===

The 7th Nizam of Hyderabad, [[Mir Osman Ali Khan]], was noted for his philanthropic support to Interfaith philanthropy specifically temples across the state. He donated ₹82,825 to the [[Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadagirigutta|Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple at Yadagirigutta]] near Bhongir and ₹29,999 to the [[Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam|Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple]] at Bhadrachalam.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 September 2010 |title=A 'miser' who donated generously |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205205308/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/A-lsquomiser-who-donated-generously/article15988076.ece |archive-date=5 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> He also provided an annual grant of ₹8,000 to the [[Venkateswara Temple, Tirumala|Tirupati Balaji Temple]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 May 2013 |title=Nizam gave funding for temples, and Hindu educational institutions |url=http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074635/http://missiontelangana.com/nizam-gave-funding-for-temples-and-hindu-educational-institutions/ |archive-date=8 July 2018 |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref> and contributed ₹50,000 towards the reconstruction of the [[Sitaram Bagh temple|Sitarambagh Temple]] in Hyderabad’s old city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mp/2008/01/08/stories/2008010850200100.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328161319/https://www.thehindu.com/archive/print/2008/01/08/ |archive-date=28 March 2021 |access-date=4 June 2020 |work=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref>

In addition, the 7th Nizam endowed approximately 1,525 acres of land to the Sita Rama Swami Temple at Devaryamjal.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 May 2021 |title=Devaryamjal temple land case: Officials examine Nizam-era Pahanis |url=https://telanganatoday.com/devaryamjal-temple-land-case-officials-examine-nizam-era-pahanis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922182938/https://telanganatoday.com/devaryamjal-temple-land-case-officials-examine-nizam-era-pahanis |archive-date=22 September 2024 |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> Beyond these individual grants, historical sources note that the Nizam donated over ₹97,000 in total and more than two lakh acres of land to various Hindu temples, reflecting his policy of interfaith patronage. His support extended to educational and religious institutions as well, including a donation of ₹1 lakh to [[Banaras Hindu University]] in 1939 and smaller annual grants to other temples and cultural organizations.

In 1932, there was a need for money for the publication of [[Mahabharata]] in the [[Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute]] located in Pune. A formal request was made to the 7th Nizam, who granted Rs. 1000 per year for 11 years.<ref>{{cite news |date=18 August 2016 |title=Family members rue that Hyderabad has forgotten the last Nizam's contribution to the city |url=https://www.firstpost.com/india/family-members-rue-that-hyderabad-has-forgotten-the-last-nizams-contribution-to-the-city-2963344.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709153635/https://www.firstpost.com/india/family-members-rue-that-hyderabad-has-forgotten-the-last-nizams-contribution-to-the-city-2963344.html |archive-date=9 July 2018 |access-date=9 February 2019}}</ref>

He also gave Rs 50,000 for construction of the guest house which stands today as ''"Nizam's guest house"''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nizam's Guest House, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune |url=http://www.bori.ac.in/Bori-Heritage-Walk.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709094410/http://www.bori.ac.in/Bori-Heritage-Walk.html |archive-date=9 July 2018 |access-date=5 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Ifthekhar |first1=AuthorJS |title=Reminiscing the seventh Nizam's enormous contribution to education |url=https://telanganatoday.com/reminiscing-seventh-nizam-enormous-contribution-education |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826125103/https://telanganatoday.com/reminiscing-seventh-nizam-enormous-contribution-education |archive-date=26 August 2018 |access-date=9 February 2019 |website=Telangana Today}}</ref>

In addition to Hindu institutions and organizations, the 7th Nizam provided financial and land grants to churches, and gurudwaras. Notably, he laid the foundation stone for the [[Shrine of Our Lady of Health, Hyderabad|Shrine of Our Lady of Health]] in Hyderabad in 1954 and supported its construction and land allocation for the church, which was inaugurated in 1959‑60.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nizam of Hyderabad's Munificence {{!}} Ambassador Dr. Ausaf Sayeed |url=https://ausafsayeed.com/nizam/ |access-date=2025-11-03 |language=en-US}}</ref> Contemporary accounts also record that he provided grants for the conservation of Sikh gurudwaras

===Palaces===

The Asaf Jahis were prolific builders. Their palaces are listed below:

* [[Chowmahalla Palace]] - Official residence of early Nizams
* [[Purani Haveli]]
* [[King Kothi Palace]]
* [[Mahboob Mansion]]
* [[Falaknuma Palace]]
* [[Bella Vista, Hyderabad|Bella Vista]]
* [[Hill Fort Palace]]
* [[Chiran Palace]]
* [[Saifabad Palace]]
* [[Hyderabad House]], [[New Delhi]]
* [[Nizam Palace]], [[Kolkata]]

==List of Nizams of Hyderabad (1724–1948)==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! width=8% | Portrait
! width=15% | Titular name
! width=15% | Personal name
! width=8% | Date of birth
! width=8% | Nizam from
! width=8% | Nizam until
! width=8% | Date of death
|-
| [[File:Nizam-ul-mulk.jpg|100px]]
| '''Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah I''' {{Nastaliq|نظام‌الملک آصف جاہ}}
| '''[[Qamar-ud-din Khan, Asaf Jah I|Mir Qamar-ud-din Khan]]'''
| 20 August 1671
| 31 July 1724
| colspan="2"| 1 June 1748
|-
| [[File:Nasir Jung.jpg|100px]]
| '''Nasir Jung''' {{Nastaliq|نصیرجنگ}}
| '''[[Nasir Jang Mir Ahmad|Mir Ahmed Ali Khan]]'''
| 26 February 1712
| 1 June 1748
| colspan="2"| 16 December 1750
|-
| [[File:Muzaffar Jung.jpg|Muzaffar Jung|100px]]
| '''Muzaffar Jung''' {{Nastaliq|مظفرجنگ}}
| '''[[Muhyi ad-Din Muzaffar Jang Hidayat|Mir Hidayat Muhi-ud-din Sa'adullah Khan]]'''
| ?
| 16 December 1750
| colspan="2"| 13 February 1751
|-
| [[File:Salabat Jung.jpg|100px]]
| '''Salabat Jung''' {{Nastaliq|صلابت جنگ}}
| '''[[Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan, Salabat Jang|Mir Sa'id Muhammad Khan]]'''
| 24 November 1718
| 13 February 1751
| 8 July 1762 (''deposed'')
| 16 September 1763
|-
| [[File:Mir Nizam Ali Khan.jpg|100px]]
| '''Nizam-ul-Mulk, Asaf Jah II''' {{Nastaliq|نظام‌الملک آصف جاہ دوم}}
| '''[[Nizam Ali Khan, Asaf Jah II|Mir Nizam Ali Khan]]'''
| 7 March 1734
| 8 July 1762
| colspan="2"| 6 August 1803
|-
| [[File:Sikandar Jah.jpg|100px]]
| '''Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III''' {{Nastaliq|سکندر جاہ ،آصف جاہ سوم}}
| '''[[Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah, Asaf Jah III|Mir Akbar Ali Khan]]'''
| 11 November 1768
| 6 August 1803
| colspan="2"| 21 May 1829
|-
| [[File:Nasir ud-Daula.jpg|100px]]
| '''Nasir-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah IV''' {{Nastaliq|ناصر الدولہ ،آصف جاہ چہارم}}
| '''[[Nasir-ud-dawlah, Asaf Jah IV|Mir Farqunda Ali Khan]]'''
| 25 April 1794
| 21 May 1829
| colspan="2"| 16 May 1857
|-
| [[File:Afzal ud-Daula.jpg|100px]]
| '''Afzal-ud-Daula, Asaf Jah V''' {{Nastaliq|افضال الدولہ ،آصف جاہ پنجم}}
| '''[[Afzal ad-Dawlah, Asaf Jah V|Mir Tahniyath Ali Khan]]'''
| 11 October 1827
| 16 May 1857
| colspan="2"| 26 February 1869
|-
| [[File:Asaf Jah VI.jpg|100px]]
| '''Asaf Jah VI''' {{Nastaliq|آصف جاہ ششم}}
| '''[[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI|Mir Mahbub Ali Khan]]'''
| 17 August 1866
| 26 February 1869
| colspan="2"| 29 August 1911
|-
| [[File:Usman Ali Khan.jpg|100px]]
| '''Asaf Jah VII''' {{Nastaliq|آصف جاہ ہفتم}}
| '''[[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII|Mir Osman Ali Khan]]'''
| 6 April 1886
| 29 August 1911
| 17 September 1948 (''deposed'')
| 24 February 1967
|}

===Descendants of the last Nizam===

The last Nizam had 34 children, including 16 sons and 18 daughters<ref name="34 children #3">{{cite news|title=Last surviving son of Nizam, Fazal Jah, dies|author=Mir Ayoob Ali Khan|date=19 February 2018|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/last-surviving-son-of-nizam-fazal-jah-dies/articleshow/62975984.cms|access-date=18 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220040300/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/last-surviving-son-of-nizam-fazal-jah-dies/articleshow/62975984.cms|archive-date=20 February 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="34 mention #2">{{cite news |title=Last Surviving son of seventh Nizam passes away in Hyderabad |url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/last-surviving-son-seventh-nizam-passes-away-hyderabad-76681 |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218193305/https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/last-surviving-son-seventh-nizam-passes-away-hyderabad-76681 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Nizams34children">{{cite news |title=Nizam's heirs seek Pakistani intervention to unfreeze bank account |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nizam-heirs-pakistani-intervention-unfreeze-bank-account-110376-2012-07-20 |publisher=indiatoday |date=20 July 2012 |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218145641/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nizam-heirs-pakistani-intervention-unfreeze-bank-account-110376-2012-07-20 |archive-date=18 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mohla |first=Anika |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/article1306390.ece |title=From richest to rags in seven generations |publisher=The New Indian Express |accessdate=18 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814120438/http://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/article1306390.ece |archive-date=14 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1584818/India-finally-settles-1million-Nizam-dispute.html |title=India finally settles £1million Nizam dispute |date=12 April 2008 |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411234313/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1584818/India-finally-settles-1million-Nizam-dispute.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,497496,00.html |title=A prince's ransom | the Guardian | guardian.co.uk |website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |access-date=11 April 2019 |archive-date=9 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063024/https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,3604,497496,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

The [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]] followed the order of precedence of [[male primogeniture]] regardless of the mother's marital status or rank.
<ref>{{cite book |last1=Copland |first1=Ian |title=India 1885-1947: The Unmaking of an Empire |date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-87785-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=63QABAAAQBAJ&q=Asaf+Jahi+dynasty+%22male%22+primogeniture+-wiki |language=en |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922182842/https://books.google.com/books?id=63QABAAAQBAJ&q=Asaf+Jahi+dynasty+%22male%22+primogeniture+-wiki#v=onepage&q=Asaf%20Jahi%20dynasty%20%22male%22%20primogeniture%20-wiki&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

His eldest son was [[Azam Jah]] (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970), was the Prince of [[Berar Province|Berar]].<ref name="berar prince">{{cite book |last1=Haidar |first1=Navina Najat |last2=Sardar |first2=Marika |title=Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700: Opulence and Fantasy |date=13 April 2015 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |isbn=978-0-300-21110-8 |page=332 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ&dq=azam+jah+prince+berar&pg=PA332 |language=en |access-date=19 March 2023 |archive-date=22 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240922183352/https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ&dq=azam+jah+prince+berar&pg=PA332#v=onepage&q=azam%20jah%20prince%20berar&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

Whereas, his second son [[Moazzam Jah]], married [[Princess Niloufer]], a princess of the [[Ottoman Empire]].<ref name="princess nilofer">{{cite news |title=Niloufer, the beguiling princess of Hyderabad |url=https://telanganatoday.com/niloufer-beguiling-princess-hyderabad |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103005300/https://telanganatoday.com/niloufer-beguiling-princess-hyderabad |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Family tree===

{{Tree list}}
*[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''I. [[Asaf Jah I]], Yamin us-Sultanat, Rukn us-Sultanat, Jumlat ul-Mulk, Madar ul-Maham, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Khan-i-Dauran, Nawab Mir Ghazi ud-din Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Fath Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab [[Subedar]] of the Deccan, 1st [[Nizam]] of Hyderabad (cr. 1720)''' (20 August 1671 – 1 June 1748). A senior governor and counsellor in the Imperial government. Defeated the Imperial forces on 19 June 1720 at Hasanpur and formed an independent state of his own. Confirmed in his possessions by Imperial ''[[firman]]'' and crowned on 31 July. Named Vice-Regent of the Mughal Empire by Emperor [[Muhammad Shah]] on 8 February 1722, secured the province of Berar on 11 October 1724 and formally made [[Hyderabad City]] his new capital on 7 December 1724.
**[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''II. Humayun Jah, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Ahmad 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Nasir Jang, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan, 2nd Nizam of Hyderabad'' (26 February 1712 – k. by the Nawab of Kadapa 16 December 1750; r. 1 June 1748 – 16 December 1750).
**Sahibzadi Khair un-nisa Begum. Married Nawab Talib Muhi ud-din Mutasawwil Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang:
***{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''III. Nawab Hidayat Muhi ud-din Sa'adu'llah Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang, Nawab Subedar of the Deccan, 3rd Nizam of Hyderabad'' (k. by the Nawab of Kurnool 13 February 1751; r. 16 December 1750 – 13 February 1751).
**[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''IV. Amir ul-Mamalik, Asaf ud-Daula, Nawab Said Muhammad Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Zaffar Jang, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan, 4th Nizam of Hyderabad'' (November 1718 – 16 September 1763; r. 13 February 1751 – 8 July 1762). Deposed by his younger brother on 8 July 1762 and killed in prison the following year, aged 44.
**{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''V. [[Asaf Jah II]], Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Nizam 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Fath Jang, Sipah Salar, Nawab Subadar of the Deccan, 5th Nizam of Hyderabad''' (7 March 1734 – 6 August 1803; r. 8 July 1762 – 6 August 1803)
***{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VI. [[Asaf Jah III]], Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Akbar 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Fulad Jang, 6th Nizam of Hyderabad''' (11 November 1768 – 21 May 1829; r. 6 August 1803 – 21 May 1829). The first of the dynasty to be officially granted the title of ''Nizam''.
****{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VII. Rustam-i-Dauran, Aristu-i-Zaman, [[Asaf Jah IV]], Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Farkhanda 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur [Gufran Manzil], Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Ayn Waffadar Fidvi-i-Senliena, Iqtidar-i-Kishwarsitan Muhammad Akbar Shah Padshah-i-Ghazi, 7th Nizam of Hyderabad''' (25 April 1794 – 16 May 1857; r. 21 May 1829 – 16 May 1857).
*****{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''VIII. [[Asaf Jah V]], Nizam ul-Mulk, Afzal ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Tahniyat 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, 8th Nizam of Hyderabad, [[GCSI]]''' (11 October 1827 – 26 February 1869; r. 16 May 1857 – 26 February 1869). The first of the dynasty to come under British rule.
******{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''IX. Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, [[Asaf Jah VI]], Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Mahbub 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, 6th Nizam of Hyderabad''' [[Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|GCB]], [[GCSI]] (17 August 1866 – 31 August 1911; r. 26 February 1869 – 31 August 1911). Succeeded his father on 26 February 1869, ruled under a regency until 5 February 1884, when he was invested with full ruling powers by the Viceroy of India.
*******{{Tree list/final branch}}[[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''X. Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, [[Asaf Jah VII]], Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Osman 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, Faithful Ally of the British Government, 10th Nizam of Hyderabad and of Berar''' [[GCSI]], [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]], [[Royal Victorian Chain]], [[Member of Parliament|MP]] (6 April 1886 – 24 January 1967; r. 31 August 1911 – 26 January 1950). Granted the style of ''His Exalted Highness'' (1 January 1918), the title of ''Faithful Ally of the British Government'' (24 January 1918) and ''Nizam of Hyderabad and of Berar'' (13 November 1936). The last of the ruling Nizams; ruled absolutely from his accession until 19 September 1948, when the state was formally annexed to the [[Dominion of India|Union]]. Maintained semi-ruling and semi-autonomous status from then until 23 November 1949, when he accepted the paramountcy of the new Indian government and Constitution and acceded to the Union. Formally lost his sovereignty, ending 230 years of Asaf Jahi rule, upon the formal promulgation of the Constitution on 26 January 1950. Served as ''[[Rajpramukh]]'' of the new Hyderabad State from 26 January 1950 until 31 October 1956, when the post was abolished. Served as a titular monarch from 26 January 1950 until his death.
********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Azam Jah]], Prince of Berar [[GCIE]], [[Knight Grand Cross of the British Empire|GBE]] (21 February 1907 – 9 October 1970). Granted the title of ''His Highness the Prince of Berar'' (13 November 1936). Passed over in the line of succession in 1967 in favour of his elder son.
*********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[File:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] '''XI. Rustam-i-Dauran, Arustu-i-Zaman, Wal Mamaluk, [[Mukarram Jah|Asaf Jah VIII]], Muzaffar ul-Mamaluk, Nizam ul-Mulk, Nizam ud-Daula, Nawab Mir Barakat 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur, Sipah Salar, Fath Jang, 11th Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar''' (6 October 1933 – 15 January 2023; 11th Nizam: 24 January 1967 – 28 December 1971; dynastic head and pretender since then).
**********{{Tree list/final branch}} [[Prince Azmet Jah|Azmet Jah]], Nawab Mir Muhammad Azmat 'Ali Siddiqi, Khan Bahadur (b. 23 June 1960; appointed Prince of Berar and heir apparent: 2002)
{{Tree list/end}}

The Nizams' daughters had been married traditionally to young men of the [[Paigah family]]. This family belonged to the Sunni sect of Islam.

''italics'' – Considered pretenders by most historians; refrained from exercising traditional authority during their reigns.{{citation needed|date=June 2020}}

==Places, things named after and established by the Nizams==

Places and things named after the Nizam include [[Nizamabad, Telangana|Nizamabad]], a city and district in the state of Telangana; [[Jamia Nizamia]], a university; the [[Nizam College]]; the [[Nizam's Museum]]; the [[Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway]]; the [[Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences]]; the [[Jewels of the Nizams]]; the [[Nizam Diamond]]; the [[Nizam Sagar]], [[HMAS Nizam]], [[Nizamia observatory]]; the [[Nizam Club]]; the [[Nizam of Hyderabad necklace]]; the [[Nizam's Contingent]]; the [[Nizam Gate]]; the [[Nizam Palace (Kolkata)|Nizam Palace]]; [[Government Nizamia General Hospital]]; and [[H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust]].

==See also==

{{Portal|Hyderabad|India}}
* [[Asaf Jahi dynasty]]
* [[Raja Shan Rai Rayan]]
* [[History of Telangana]]
* [[History of Hyderabad, India]]
* [[Hyderabadi Muslims]]
* [[Osman Ali Khan]]
* [[Mukarram Jah]]
* [[Najaf Ali Khan]]
* [[Salar Jung family]]
* [[Raja Shamraj Bahadur]]

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==Secondary sources==

* {{citation |first=Lucien D. |last=Benichou |title=From Autocracy to Integration: Political Developments in Hyderabad State, 1938–1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Loiq3YrFy40C&pg=PA214 |year=2000 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1847-6 |ref={{sfnref|Benichou, From Autocracy to Integration|2000}}}}
*{{cite book |last= Briggs |first= Henry George |title= The Nizam: His History and Relations With the British Government, Volume 1 |publisher=[[Bernard Quaritch|B. Quaritch]] |location=London |year= 1861 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.44637}}
* {{citation |last=Farooqui |first=Salma Ahmed |title=A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sxhAtCflwOMC&pg=PA346 |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson Education India |isbn=978-81-317-3202-1 |pages=346– |ref={{sfnref|Farooqui, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India|2011}}}}
* {{citation |last=Faruqui |first=Munis D. |chapter=At Empire's End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-century India |editor1=Richard M. Eaton |editor2=Munis D. Faruqui |editor3=David Gilmartin |editor4=Sunil Kumar |title=Expanding Frontiers in South Asian and World History: Essays in Honour of John F. Richards |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h0_xhdCScQkC&pg=PA1 |year=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-03428-0 |pages=1–38 |ref={{sfnref|Faruqui, At Empire's End|2013}}}}
*{{cite book |last= Hastings |first= Fraser |title= Our Faithful Ally, the Nizam |publisher=[[Smith, Elder & Co.]] |location=London |year= 1865 |url=https://archive.org/details/ourfaithfulally01frasgoog}}
* {{cite book |chapter=Hyderabad |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7iOsNUZ2MXgC |title=The Golden Book of India |last=Lethbridge |first=Roper |page=179 |year=2005 |orig-year=first published 1893 |isbn=9788187879541 |publisher=Aakar Books |ref={{sfnref|Lethbridge, The Golder Book of India|1893}}}}
*{{cite book |title=The Days of the Beloved |last1=Lynton |first1=Harriet Ronken |last2=Rajan |first2=Mohini |year=1974 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-02442-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DhYjiciXlwwC}}
*{{cite book | title= Mughal Administration of Deccan Under Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah, 1720–48 A.D| first= M. A.| last= Nayeem | publisher= Indian Council of Historical Research, University of Pune, Dept. of History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wRweAAAAMAAJ&q=asaf+jahi | year= 1985| isbn= 9788172243258}}
*{{cite book |last= Regani |first= Sarojini |title= Nizam-British Relations, 1724–1857 |publisher= Concept Publishing Company |location=New Delhi |year= 1988 |orig-year=First published 1963 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Fb26pWqhScC |isbn= 978-81-7022-195-1}}
* {{citation |first=Wilfred Cantwell |last=Smith |author-link=Wilfred Cantwell Smith |title=Hyderabad: Muslim Tragedy |journal=Middle East Journal |volume=4 |pages=27–51 |number=1 |date=January 1950 |jstor=4322137}}
*{{cite book |last= Zubrzycki |first=John |title= The Last Nizam: An Indian Prince in the Australian Outback |publisher= [[Pan Macmillan]] |location=Australia |year= 2006 |isbn= 978-0-330-42321-2}}

==External links==

{{commons category|Nizams of Hyderabad}}
* [http://www.usbnews24.com/?p=14659 Detailed genealogy of the Nizams of Hyderabad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126090312/https://www.usbnews24.com/?p=14659 |date=26 November 2023 }}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBrnCbBZKqI Rare colour footage of accession ceremony of the 8th Nizam of Hyderabad in 1967 (YouTube)]

{{Nizam of Hyderabad}}
{{Hyderabad topics}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nizam Of Hyderabad}}
[[Category:Nizams of Hyderabad|*]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Asian royal families]]
[[Category:Royal families]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]

Nivedhithaa Sathish

2026-03-17T19:02:33Z

King42: Added Basic Info W/ Refs!

{{short description|Indian actress}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Nivedhithaa Sathish
| image = Nivedhithaa Sathish.jpg
| image size =
| caption = Nivedhithaa Sathish in 2024
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1998|9|26}}
| birth_place = [[Chennai]], India
| other_names =
| homepage =
| occupation = Film actress
| years_active = 2017–present
}}

'''Nivedhithaa Sathish''' is an Indian actress who works predominantly in the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] and [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film industries.<ref name="cinemaexpress.com">{{Cite web |title=Nivedhithaa Sathish wraps shooting for Captain Miller |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/news/2023/oct/23/nivedhithaa-sathish-wraps-shooting-for-captain-miller-48867.html |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>

==Career==
Nivedhithaa made her acting debut in the Tamil film ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]'' (2017).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kumar |first=Pradeep |date=2020-04-10 |title=Nivedhithaa Sathish feels fortunate about the reception to ‘Sethum Aayiram Pon’ |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nivedhithaa-sathish-feels-fortunate-about-the-reception-to-sethum-aayiram-pon/article61947758.ece |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> She played the younger version of [[Saranya Ponvannan|Saranya]] under the direction of [[Bramma G.]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130917/another-newbie-in-hello.html|title=Another newbie in Hello|first=Pranita|last=Jonnalagedda|date=13 September 2017|website=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=4 February 2020|archive-date=4 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200204015713/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/tollywood/130917/another-newbie-in-hello.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2019, she played one of the leads in the episode ''Kakka Kadi'' in the anthology film ''[[Sillu Karupatti]]'',<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/apr/06/sillu-karupatti-has-made-me-more-self-confident-actress-nivedithaa-sathish-2126191.html|title=Sillu Karupatti has made me more self-confident: Actress Nivedithaa Sathish|date=6 April 2020|newspaper=The New Indian Express|first=Ashameera|last=Aiyappan|access-date=1 July 2020|archive-date=3 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603051628/https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/2020/apr/06/sillu-karupatti-has-made-me-more-self-confident-actress-nivedithaa-sathish-2126191.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and in the following year 2020 she had a lead role in ''[[Sethum Aayiram Pon]]'', as a young woman who visits her ailing grandmother.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nivedhithaa-sathish-feels-fortunate-about-the-reception-to-sethum-aayiram-pon/article31309417.ece |title=Nivedhithaa Sathish feels fortunate about the reception to 'Sethum Aayiram Pon' |first=Pradeep |last=Kumar |date=10 April 2020 |work=The Hindu |access-date=13 April 2020 |archive-date=13 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413015517/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/nivedhithaa-sathish-feels-fortunate-about-the-reception-to-sethum-aayiram-pon/article31309417.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> Haricharan Pudipeddi of [[Hindustan Times]] quoted that "After ''Sillu Karuppatti'', Nivedhithaa walks away with another splendid performance".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-01 |title=Sethum Aayiram Pon review: Anand Ravichandran’s film is a heartwarming tale |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sethum-aayiram-pon-review-a-heartwarming-tale-of-life-death-and-everything-in-between/story-DG7ngi6TBmuKYx3aYMP7YN.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003024337/https://www.hindustantimes.com/regional-movies/sethum-aayiram-pon-review-a-heartwarming-tale-of-life-death-and-everything-in-between/story-DG7ngi6TBmuKYx3aYMP7YN.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, she got featured in ''[[Udanpirappe]]'' playing the daughter of [[Jyothika]] and [[Samuthirakani]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-05-17 |title=Only a few days left to wrap shooting of Sasikumar-Jyotika film: Velraj |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/only-a-few-days-left-to-wrap-shooting-of-sasikumar-jyotika-film-velraj/articleshow/75790023.cms |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref>

In 2022, she featured in the web series ''[[Suzhal: The Vortex]]'', directed by [[Pushkar–Gayathri|Pushkar and Gayathri]]. She played the role of Lakshmi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=பாபு |first=ஹரி |date=2024-01-09 |title=Arun Matheswaran did that Magic🔥! - Nivedhithha {{!}} Captain Miller {{!}} Dhanush |url=https://cinema.vikatan.com/kollywood/nivedhithaa-sathish-interview-about-captain-miller-movie |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=www.vikatan.com/ |language=ta}}</ref>

In 2023, she acted alongside [[Dhanush]] stars as a pivotal character Thaenpasiyaar<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-09-24 |title=Nivedhithaa Sathish: I believe acting with Dhanush will bring out the best in me |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nivedhithaa-sathish-i-believe-acting-with-dhanush-will-bring-out-the-best-in-me/articleshow/94404263.cms |access-date=2024-02-24 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> in the action period film ''[[Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]'', produced by [[Sathya Jyothi Films]] and directed by [[Arun Matheswaran]].<ref name="cinemaexpress.com"/>

== Personal life ==
Sathish was born and raised in Chennai to a Telugu family. Her native town is [[Guntur]].<ref>{{Citation |title=Actress Nivedhithaa Sathish About Her Movie Rejection At Anya's Tutorial {{!}} Tollywood Nagar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mr-Hu-BrOKo |access-date=2023-11-08 |language=en}}</ref> She enrolled at a private college in Chennai for a degree in visual communication.<ref name=":1" /> However, after receiving an offer to be part of ''Sillu Karupatti'' in her second year, followed by ''Sethum Aayiram Pon'', she could not complete her degree.<ref name=":1" />

==Filmography==
{{Pending films key}}

* ''All films are in Tamil, unless mentioned.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
|-
| rowspan="2" |2017
| ''[[Magalir Mattum (2017 film)|Magalir Mattum]]'' || Younger Subbulakshmi ||
|-
| ''[[Hello (2017 film)|Hello]]'' || Kavita ||Telugu film
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Sillu Karupatti]]'' || Madhu || Segment: "''Kakka Kadi''"<ref name=":0" />
|-
| rowspan="2" | 2020
|''[[Indha Nilai Maarum]]'' || Deva's friend ||
|-
|''[[Sethum Aayiram Pon]]''
|Meera
| Also singer for "Panjaarathu Kili"<ref name=":1" />
|-
|2021
|''[[Udanpirappe]]'' ||Keerthana
|Nominated - [[Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nominations for the 67th Parle Filmfare Awards South 2022 with Kamar Film Factory |url=https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/nominations-for-the-67th-parle-filmfare-awards-south-2022_-55551.html |access-date=2022-10-10 |website=filmfare.com |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2"|2024
|''[[Captain Miller (film)|Captain Miller]]''
|Thaenpasiyaar
|<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-21 |title=Nivedhithaa Sathish drops an exciting update on 'Captain Miller' |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nivedhithaa-sathish-drops-an-exciting-update-on-captain-miller/articleshow/103833929.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-08 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=3 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003162330/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tamil/movies/news/nivedhithaa-sathish-drops-an-exciting-update-on-captain-miller/articleshow/103833929.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|[[Minmini (2024 film)|''Minmini'']] || Sindhu || Cameo appearance
|-
| 2026 || ''[[Oh Butterfly]]'' || Gouri || <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/tamil/review/2026/Mar/06/oh-butterfly-movie-review-a-claustrophobic-drama-about-choices-and-consequences|title=Oh Butterfly Movie Review: A claustrophobic drama about choices and consequences|first=Jayabhuvaneshwari|last=B|date=6 March 2026|website=Cinema Express}}</ref>
|-
|}

=== Web series ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Title !! Role !! Language !! Platform
|-
|2022 ||''[[Suzhal: The Vortex]]''||Lakshmi || Tamil || [[Amazon Prime Video]]
|-
|2022 ||''[[Anya’s Tutorial]]''
||Anya || Telugu Tamil || [[aha (streaming service)|aha]]
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|11244285}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sathish, Nivedhithaa}}
[[Category:Actresses in Tamil cinema]]
[[Category:Actresses in Telugu cinema]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1998 births]]
[[Category:Telugu actresses]]

1995 Asia Cup

2026-03-07T04:57:04Z

King42: fix formatting and corrected details

{{Short description|Cricket tournament in the United Arab Emirates}}
{{Infobox cricket tournament
| name = 1995 Asia Cup
| fromdate = 5
| todate = 14 April 1995
| image = The Logo of 1995 Asia Cup.png
| imagesize =
| caption = Asia Cup Logo
| administrator = [[Asian Cricket Council]]
| cricket format = [[One Day International]]
| tournament format = [[Round-robin tournament|Round-robin]] and [[Single-elimination tournament|Knockout]]
| host = United Arab Emirates
| champions = {{cr|IND}}
| runner up = {{cr|SL}}
| count = 4
| participants = 4
| matches = 7
| attendance =
| player of the series = {{cricon|IND}} [[Navjot Sidhu]]
| most runs = {{cricon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (205)
| most wickets = {{cricon|IND}} [[Anil Kumble]] (7)
| previous_year = 1990–91
| previous_tournament = 1990–91 Asia Cup
| next_year = 1997
| next_tournament = 1997 Asia Cup
}}

The '''1995 Asia Cup''' (also known as the '''Pepsi Asia Cup'''), was the fifth [[Asia Cup]] tournament, and the second to be held in [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]], [[UAE]]. The tournament took place between April 5–14, 1995. Four teams took part in the tournament: [[India national cricket team|India]], [[Pakistan national cricket team|Pakistan]], [[Sri Lanka national cricket team|Sri Lanka]] and [[Bangladesh national cricket team|Bangladesh]].

The 1995 Asia Cup was a [[round-robin tournament]] where each team played the other once, and the top two teams qualifying for a place in the final. All the matches, including the final, were played at the [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]] in [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka all had four points at the end of the round-robin stage, but India and Sri Lanka qualified for the final on the basis of better run-rates. India beat Sri Lanka by 8 wickets to win its third consecutive (and fourth in total) Asia Cup.

==Squads==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:auto; margin:auto"
|-
! colspan=4 | Squads<ref>[https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971 Cricinfo Asia Cup page] Cricinfo. Retrieved on 17 September 2021</ref>
|-
! {{cr|IND}}
! {{cr|SRI}}
! {{cr|PAK}}
! {{cr|BAN}}
|-
| [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) || [[Arjuna Ranatunga]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) || [[Moin Khan]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]]) & ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || [[Akram Khan (cricketer)|Akram Khan]] ([[Captain (cricket)|c]])
|-
| [[Manoj Prabhakar]] || [[Asanka Gurusinha]] || [[Aamer Sohail]] || [[Athar Ali Khan]]
|-
| [[Sachin Tendulkar]] || [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] || [[Saeed Anwar]] || [[Javed Omar]]
|-
| [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]] || [[Roshan Mahanama]] || [[Ghulam Ali (cricketer)|Ghulam Ali]] || [[Sajjad Ahmed (cricketer, born 1974)|Sajjad Ahmed]]
|-
| [[Sanjay Manjrekar]] || [[Aravinda de Silva]] || [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] || [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1968)|Aminul Islam]]
|-
| [[Ajay Jadeja]] || [[Hashan Tillakaratne]] || [[Asif Mujtaba]] || [[Minhajul Abedin]]
|-
| [[Nayan Mongia]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || [[Romesh Kaluwitharana]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]]) || [[Wasim Akram]] || [[Enamul Haque (cricketer, born 1966)|Enamul Haque]]
|-
| [[Anil Kumble]] || [[Kumar Dharmasena]] || [[Zafar Iqbal (cricketer)|Zafar Iqbal]] || [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]]
|-
| [[Javagal Srinath]] || [[Chaminda Vaas]] || [[Naeem Ashraf]] || [[Khaled Mashud]] ([[Wicket-keeper|wk]])
|-
| [[Venkatesh Prasad]] || [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] || [[Nadeem Khan]] || [[Saiful Islam (cricketer, born 1969)|Saiful Islam]]
|-
| [[Aashish Kapoor]] || [[Janak Gamage]] || [[Aaqib Javed]] || [[Anisur Rahman (cricketer)|Anisur Rahman]]
|-
| [[Vinod Kambli]] || [[Ruwan Kalpage]] || [[Aamer Nazir]] || [[Habibul Bashar]]
|-
| [[Prashant Vaidya]] || [[Chamara Dunusinghe]] || [[Arshad Khan (Pakistani cricketer)|Arshad Khan]] || [[Hasibul Hossain]]
|-
| [[Utpal Chatterjee]] || [[Champaka Ramanayake]] || [[Mahmood Hamid]] || [[Naimur Rahman]]
|}

==Matches==
===Group stage===
{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=CricketRR
|show_tie=no
|source= [https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/pepsi-asia-cup-1994-95-60971/points-table-standings ESPN Cricinfo]
|update=complete

|team_order=IND, SRI, PAK, BAN

|win_BAN=0 |loss_BAN=3 |tie_BAN=0 |nr_BAN=0 |nrr_BAN=2.933
|win_IND=2 |loss_IND=1 |tie_IND=0
|nr_IND=0 |nrr_IND=4.856
|win_PAK=2 |loss_PAK=1 |tie_PAK=0 |nr_PAK=0 |nrr_PAK=4.596
|win_SRI=2 |loss_SRI=1 |tie_SRI=0
|nr_SRI=0 |nrr_SRI=4.701

|name_BAN={{cr|BAN}}
|name_IND={{cr|IND}}
|name_PAK={{cr|PAK}}
|name_SRI={{cr|SRI}}

|result1=Q |result2=Q
|result3=E |result4=E
|res_col_header=Q
|col_Q=green1
|text_Q=Advanced to the [[#Final|Final]]
|col_E=#fcc
|text_E=Eliminated
|winpoints=2|drawpoints=1|tiepoints=1
}}
{{Limited overs international
| date = 5 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 163 (44.4 overs)
| score2 = 164/1 (27.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Aminul Islam (cricketer, born 1968)|Aminul Islam]] 30 (53)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 2/23 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Navjot Sidhu]] 56[[not out|*]] (51)
| wickets2 = [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] 1/15 (5 overs)
| result = India won by 9 wickets
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/BDESH_IND_ASIA_ODI1_05APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Nigel Plews]] (Eng) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Manoj Prabhakar]] (Ind)
| notes = [[Sajjad Ahmed (Bangladeshi cricketer)|Sajjad Ahmed]], [[Khaled Mashud]], [[Javed Omar]], [[Mohammad Rafique (cricketer)|Mohammad Rafique]] and [[Anisur Rahman (cricketer)|Anisur Rahman]] (all Ban), and [[Utpal Chatterjee]] (Ind) made their debut in ODIs.
}}
----
{{Limited overs international
| date = 6 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 233 (49.4 overs)
| score2 = 126 (44.2 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|BAN}}
| runs1 = [[Arjuna Ranatunga]] 71 (72)
| wickets1 = [[Saiful Islam (cricketer, born 1969)|Saiful Islam]] 4/36 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Minhajul Abedin]] 26 (37)
| wickets2 = [[Muttiah Muralitharan]] 4/23 (8.2 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 107 runs
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/SL_BDESH_ASIA_ODI2_06APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Nigel Plews]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Arjuna Ranatunga]] (SL)
| notes = [[Chamara Dunusinghe]] (SL), and [[Habibul Bashar]] and [[Hasibul Hossain]] (both Ban) made their debut in ODIs.
}}
----
{{Limited overs international
| date = 7 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 266/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 169 (42.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] 88 (100)
| wickets1 = [[Anil Kumble]] 2/29 (8 overs)
| runs2 = [[Navjot Sidhu]] 54 (108)
| wickets2 = [[Aaqib Javed]] 5/19 (9 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 97 runs
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/PAK_IND_ASIA_ODI3_07APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Aaqib Javed]] (Pak)
| notes = [[Naeem Ashraf]] and [[Zafar Iqbal (cricketer)|Zafar Iqbal]] (both Pak) made their debut in ODIs.
}}
----
{{Limited overs international
| date = 8 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|BAN}}
| score1 = 151/8 (50 overs)
| score2 = 152/4 (29.4 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|PAK}}
| runs1 = [[Akram Khan (cricketer)|Akram Khan]] 44 (82)
| wickets1 = [[Aamer Nazir]] 2/23 (7 overs)
| runs2 = [[Ghulam Ali (cricketer)|Ghulam Ali]] 38 (53)
| wickets2 = [[Athar Ali Khan]] 1/10 (2 overs)
| result = Pakistan won by 6 wickets
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/BDESH_PAK_ASIA_ODI4_08APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Nigel Plews]] (Eng) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Wasim Akram]] (Pak)
| notes = [[Naimur Rahman]] (Ban) made his debut in ODIs.
}}
----
{{Limited overs international
| date = 9 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SRI}}
| score1 = 202/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 206/2 (33.1 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Hashan Tillakaratne]] 48 (78)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatesh Prasad]] 3/37 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] 112 (107)
| wickets2 = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] 2/42 (10 overs)
| result = India won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/SL_IND_ASIA_ODI5_09APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Nigel Plews]] (Eng)
| motm = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind)
| notes = [[Sachin Tendulkar]] (Ind) became the youngest player to reach 3,000 runs in ODIs.<ref>{{cite web |title=On This Day in 1995: Sachin Tendulkar Became Youngest Cricketer to Score 3,000 ODI Runs - News18 |url=https://www.news18.com/cricketnext/on-this-day-in-1995-sachin-tendulkar-became-youngest-cricketer-to-score-3000-odi-runs-7503349.html |website=News18.com |access-date=19 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
}}
----
{{Limited overs international
| date = 11 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|PAK}}
| score1 = 178/9 (50 overs)
| score2 = 180/5 (30.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|SRI}}
| runs1 = [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]] 73 (96)
| wickets1 = [[Champaka Ramanayake]] 3/25 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Roshan Mahanama]] 48 (74)
| wickets2 = [[Aamer Sohail]] 2/21 (5 overs)
| result = Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets
| report = [http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/PAK_SL_ASIA_ODI6_11APR1995.html Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA) and [[Ian Robinson (cricket umpire)|Ian Robinson]] (Zim)
| motm = [[Sanath Jayasuriya]] (SL)
| notes = [[Mahmood Hamid]] and [[Javed Qadeer]] (both Pak) made their debut in ODIs.
}}

==Final==
{{Limited overs international
| date = 14 April 1995
| team1 = {{cr-rt|SL}}
| score1 = 230/7 (50 overs)
| score2 = 233/2 (41.5 overs)
| team2 = {{cr|IND}}
| runs1 = [[Asanka Gurusinha]] 85 (122)
| wickets1 = [[Venkatesh Prasad]] 2/32 (10 overs)
| runs2 = [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] 90[[not out|*]] (121)
| wickets2 = [[Champaka Ramanayake]] 1/52 (8.5 overs)
| result = India won by 8 wickets
| report = [http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8532/scorecard/65691 Scorecard]
| venue = [[Sharjah Cricket Stadium|Sharjah Cricket Association Stadium]], [[Sharjah (city)|Sharjah]]
| umpires = [[Nigel Plews]] (Eng) and [[Cyril Mitchley]] (SA)
| toss = India won the toss and elected to field.
| motm = [[Mohammad Azharuddin]] (Ind)
}}

== Statistics ==

=== Most runs ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Player
!Matches
!Innings
!Runs
![[Batting average (cricket)|Average]]
!SR
!HS
!100
!50
!4s
!6s
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Sachin Tendulkar]]
|4
|4
|'''205'''
|68.33
|109.62
|112*
|1
|0
|30
|2
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Navjot Singh Sidhu]]
|4
|4
|'''197'''
|98.50
|80.40
|84*
|0
|3
|19
|0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Inzamam-ul-Haq]]
|3
|3
|'''190'''
|95.00
|86.75
|88
|0
|2
|11
|3
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|SL}} [[Sanath Jayasuriya]]
|4
|4
|'''134'''
|33.50
|87.01
|51
|0
|1
|20
|1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Manoj Prabhakar]]
|4
|4
|'''122'''
|40.66
|64.89
|60
|0
|2
|12
|0
|-
! colspan="11" |Source: ''Cricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pepsi Asia Cup, 1994/95 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=712&type=tournament|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
|}

=== Most wickets ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Player
!Matches
!Innings
!Wickets
!Overs
!Econ.
!Ave.
!BBI
!S/R
!4WI
!5WI
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Anil Kumble]]
|4
|4
|'''7'''
|36
|3.86
|19.85
|2/23
|20.5
|0
|0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|IND}} [[Venkatesh Prasad]]
|3
|3
|'''6'''
|28
|4.00
|18.66
|3/37
|19.5
|0
|0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|PAK}} [[Aaqib Javed]]
|2
|2
|'''5'''
|19
|2.52
|9.60
|5/19
|30.0
|0
|1
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|BAN}} [[Saiful Islam (cricketer, born 1969)|Saiful Islam]]
|3
|3
|'''5'''
|22
|4.54
|20.00
|4/36
|19.2
|1
|0
|-
| style="text-align:left" |{{flagicon|SL}} [[Muttiah Muralitharan]]
|3
|3
|'''5'''
|28.2
|3.91
|22.20
|4/23
|26.4
|1
|0
|-
! colspan="11" |Source: ''Cricinfo''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pepsi Asia Cup, 1994/95 Cricket Team Records & Stats {{!}} ESPNcricinfo.com|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?id=712&type=tournament|access-date=2021-11-12|website=Cricinfo}}</ref>
|}

==See also==
* [[Asia Cup]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Cricket Archive: Pepsi Asia Cup 1994/95 http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Seasons/UAE/1994-95_UAE_Pepsi_Asia_Cup_1994-95.html
* CricInfo: Asia Cup, 1995 http://usa.cricinfo.com/db/ARCHIVE/1994-95/OD_TOURNEYS/ASIA/

==External links==
* [http://www.cricinfo.com/ci/content/series/60971.html Cricinfo tournament page]
{{International cricket in 1994–95}}
{{Asia Cup}}

[[Category:Asia Cup]]
[[Category:1995 in cricket|Asia Cup, 1995]]
[[Category:1995 in Emirati cricket|Asia]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions from 1994–95 to 1997]]
[[Category:International cricket competitions in the United Arab Emirates]]
[[Category:April 1995 sports events in Asia|Asia Cup]]

Ek Anek Aur Ekta

2026-03-03T23:30:56Z

King42: fix article for clarity for clarity

{{Use Indian English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2013}}
{{italic title}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Ek Anek Aur Ekta
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Vijaya Mulay]] [[Bhimsain]]
| producer = [[Films Division of India]]
| writer =
| screenplay =[[Vijaya Mulay]]
| story =
| based_on = 
| narrator =
| starring =
| music = [[Vasant Desai]]
| cinematography =
| editing = Waman B. Bhosle and Guru Dutt Shirali (Waman-Guru)
| studio = [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|National Centre for Education Technology (NCERT)]]
| distributor =
| released = {{Film date|1974}}
| runtime = 7:07
| country = India
| language = Hindi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Ek Anek Aur Ekta''''' or "One, Many, and Unity" (also known as ''Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan'' after the title song) is a [[Traditional animation|traditionally animated]] short educational film released by the [[Films Division of India]] ([[Government of India]]).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/jubilee-year/401806/0|title=Jubilee Year - Films Division celebrates six decades of telling the story of India|date=23 December 2008|newspaper=Indian Express|access-date=18 August 2013}}</ref> It was released in 1974.<ref name="Bhimsain">{{cite book|last=Narwekar|first=Sanjit|title=Directory of Indian film-makers and films|publisher=Flicks Books|location=Trowbridge, Wiltshire, England|year=1994|pages=54|isbn=978-0-948911-40-8|oclc=30386224}}</ref> It was aired on the public broadcaster channel [[Doordarshan]] and became very popular among children.

== Summary ==

The film was intended to teach the value of unity and teamwork to children (Unity in Diversity). It also contains the message of how India is stronger if its citizens stand united, regardless of cultural differences. It begins with a group of children playing in a garden with one of them asking his elder sister, "Didi, yeh anek kya hota hai?", or in English, "Sis, what do you mean by Many?". The rest of the film is the sister's reply, using a [[metaphorical]] story of how a group of birds escape a bird catcher by uniting to recruit their friends, a group of mice.

== The team ==

The film was directed by [[Vijaya Mulay]] and [[Bhimsain]] with design, animation and creation by [[Bhimsain]].<ref name="Bhimsain"/> The lyrics of ''Hind Desh ke Niwasi'' were written by [[Vinay Chandra Maudgalya]]. [[Sadhna Sargam]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/music/news-and-interviews/I-wont-mind-singing-an-item-number-Sadhna-Sargam/articleshow/12880922.cms|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130817170451/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-04-27/news-and-interviews/31411301_1_songs-singers-gujarati-film|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-08-17|title=I won't mind singing an item number: unknown singer|author=Abhimanyu Mishra|newspaper=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> sang ''Ek Chidiya, Anek Chidiyan''. The assistants were S.M. Hasan, Mahesh Taavre and Girish Rao. The film won the [[National Film Award (India)|National Film Award]] for [[National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film|Best Educational Film]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Bela Rani|title=Women's Rights and World Development|editor=Vijay Kaushik|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=1998|series=Encyclopaedia of human rights & women's development|volume=5|pages=350|isbn=978-81-7625-015-3|oclc=70510934|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qnJ9J9UygR0C&q=ek+anek+ekta%2C+mulay&pg=PA350}}</ref> It was the first film from the animation studios of then [[National Council of Educational Research and Training|Center for Education Technology]].<ref>{{cite journal|year=1975|title=National Film Awards|journal=The Education Quarterly|publisher=Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Government of India|volume=27|pages=34|issn=0013-1482|oclc=1567557}}</ref> The film also won [https://archive.today/20130817170445/http://www.climbmedia.com/portfolio/docus_shorts.html the Best Children's Film award in Japan].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.climbmedia.com/docshorts.htm|title=Documentaries and Shorts|publisher=Climb Media|access-date=17 March 2010}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The film is considered to be one of India's greatest examples of animation story-telling, and well remembered by the 80s generation as a classic illustration of ''Anekta mein Ekta''.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050213/spectrum/main1.htm|title=Tales Well Told|date=13 February 2005|newspaper=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]|access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==

* {{IMDb title|id=0156504|title=Ek Anek Aur Ekta}}
* {{YouTube|id = UHxsbqS2hmQ|title = ''Ek Anek Aur Ekta''}}

{{India Animation Industry}}

[[Category:1974 films]]
[[Category:Indian short documentary films]]
[[Category:1974 animated short films]]
[[Category:Indian animated short films]]
[[Category:1974 Hindi-language films]]
[[Category:1974 Indian films]]

Veeralipattu

2026-03-03T21:34:03Z

King42: added basic bio w/ infobox

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Veeraalipattu
| image = Veeralipattu.jpg
| caption =
| director = Kukku Surendran
| producer = Sunil Surendran
| screenplay = Ashok Sasi
| story = Neeraj Menon
| starring = {{ubl|[[Prithviraj Sukumaran]]|[[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]|[[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]]|[[Jagathy Sreekumar]]}}
| music = '''Songs:''' [[Viswajith]] '''Background Score:''' [[Mohan Sithara]]
| cinematography = Manoj Pillai
| editing = Hariharaputhran
| distributor = Maruthi Film Factory
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|2007|7|20}}
| runtime =
| country = India
| language = Malayalam
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Veeralipattu''''' is a [[List of Malayalam films of 2007|2007]] Indian [[Malayalam cinema|Malayalam]]-language film directed by Kukku Surendran, starring [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]], [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] and [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sify.com/movies/veeralipattu-review-malayalam-pclwsXbjebeaj.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160719070717/http://www.sify.com/movies/veeralipattu-review-malayalam-pclwsXbjebeaj.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 July 2016|title=Veeralipattu|work=Sify}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiaglitz.com/veeralipattu-review-malayalam-movie-9333|title = Veeralipattu review. Veeralipattu Malayalam movie review, story, rating}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nowrunning.com/movie/3617/malayalam/veeralipattu/1252/review.htm|title = Veeralipattu Review | Veeralipattu Malayalam Movie Review by Unni Nair|date = 30 July 2007}}</ref>

The film was produced by Sunil Surendran for Open Channel, and was distributed by Maruthi Film Factory. The film was dubbed in Tamil and released as ''Nagercoil''.

== Plot ==

Hari is depicted as an IT company employee who works in [[Chennai]] and is originally from a village in [[Kerala]]. His family members include his father, mother, grandfather and sister. Per family custom, his grandfather is a [[Velichappadu]]. Hari is in love with Pooja, who is of a royal family. In spite of her parents desire for her to marry a wealthy man from the United States, Pooja falls in love with Hari.

Two years before Hari had moved to Chennai, his grandfather had died and the role of Velichappadu transferred to Hari's father. This change in status led to turmoil in Hari's relationship with his father. Hari's father initially disliked Pooja, but came around. One day, while in the act of Velichappadu at the temple, Hari's father dies due to a brain tumor. In a dream, Hari fears that he might become the family's next Velichappadu. He finally accepts his fate and goes to temple dressed as a Velichappadu, but is relieved to see another man filling that role.

== Cast ==
{{Cast listing|
* [[Prithviraj Sukumaran]] as Harinarayanan
* [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]] as Madhavan Nair
* [[Padmapriya Janakiraman|Padmapriya]] as Pooja
* [[Jagathy Sreekumar]] as Narayanan Nair
* [[Suraj Venjaramoodu]] as Pavithran
* [[Madampu Kunjukuttan]] as Patteri
* [[Geetha Salam]] as Mammadikka
* [[Sreejith Ravi]] as Chandu
* [[Indrans]] as Ramu
* [[Jaffar Idukki]] as Barber Sundaran
* [[Anoop Chandran]] as Ajayan, Auto driver
* Krishnan
* [[Lakshmi (actress)|Lakshmi]]
* [[Rekha Harris|Rekha]] as Gayathri, Hari's mother
* Ansi John
}}

== Soundtrack ==
The songs for the film were composed by Viswajith and Rajeev O. N. V.; the lyrics were written by [[O. N. V. Kurup]], [[Vayalar Sarath Chandra Varma]], Sohan Lal and Prasad Pisharody. The background music was scored by [[Mohan Sithara]].

The soundtrack was distributed by Manorama Music. Songs:

# "Alilayum": [[Vineeth Sreenivasan]], [[Manjari Babu]]
# "Alilayum": [[Manjari Babu]]
# "Ilaneerin": Anvar Sadath, [[K. S. Chithra]]
# "Parayoo NInakkenne (Manorama Bonus Track)": Vidhu Prathap
# "Shankhanaadam (Filler from Aparichitha)": [[Anwar Sadath]], [[Saraswathy Shankar]], [[Viswajith]]
# "Sharadinduvaay Vanna [Manorama Bonus Track]": [[G. Venugopal]]
# "Shararaanthalinnu Raavil": [[Srinivas (singer)|Sreenivas]]

== Awards ==
* 2007 [[Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actor]] - [[Murali (Malayalam actor)|Murali]]
* 2007 [[Kerala State Film Award – Special Mention]] - [[Jagathy Sreekumar]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|1102354}}

[[Category:2007 films]]
[[Category:2007 Malayalam-language films]]
[[Category:Indian family films]]
[[Category:Indian drama films]]
[[Category:Films shot in Chennai]]
[[Category:Films shot in Palakkad]]

{{2000s-Malayalam-film-stub}}

Mayalodu

2026-03-03T18:24:04Z

King42: stub

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2015}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mayalodu
| image = Mayalodu-movie-poster.jpg
| caption = Film poster
| writer = Diwakar Babu {{small|(dialogues)}}
| story = S. V. Krishna Reddy K. Achi Reddy {{small|(Main Story)}}
| screenplay = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| producer = [[K. Atchi Reddy]] Kishore Rathi {{small|(Presents)}}
| director = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| starring = [[Rajendra Prasad (actor)|Rajendra Prasad]] [[Soundarya]]
| music = S. V. Krishna Reddy
| cinematography = Sarath
| editing = K. Ramgopal Reddy
| studio = Manisha Films
| released = {{Film date|df=y|1993|07|23}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Telugu
| budget =
| gross = 55 crores
}}

'''''Mayalodu''''' ({{translation|''Magician''}}) is a 1993 Indian [[Telugu language|Telugu]]-language [[comedy film]] directed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]. The film stars [[Gadde Rajendra Prasad|Rajendra Prasad]], [[Soundarya]] with music composed by S. V. Krishna Reddy.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bharatmovies.com/telugu/info/mayalodu.htm|title= Mayalodu Movie Info | publisher= bharatmovies.com |accessdate=1 March 2013 }}</ref> The film was produced by K. Achi Reddy under Manisha Films and presented by Kishore Rathi. ''Mayalodu'' was recorded as a superhit at the box office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm|title=CineGoer.com - Box-Office Records And Collections - All Time Long Run List|work=cinegoer.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515123606/http://www.cinegoer.com/alltimelongrun.htm|archive-date=15 May 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film won two [[Nandi Awards]].<ref>[http://www.zaminryot.com/pdf/1993/Aug/27-aug-1993.pdf review]</ref>

==Plot==
The film begins with a spiteful Appalakonda assassinating his brother-in-law & sister to usurp the wealth. Spotting it, their infant Puppy absconds. The tale shifts to Veerababu, a guerrilla theater magician who acolytes his childhood mate, Pandu. Though Veerababu is a miraculous man, he never exploits them. Shortly, Pandu observes him as a tightwad and hoards his every penny at a lakher Padmanadham. So, he is about to go when Veerababu spins back. He comes across Puppy after fleeing from Appalakonda during his show. Being aware of totality, Veerababu takes her home and assigns responsibility to his grandmother. From there, they develop an emotional affinity, and he showers a blossom of fondness on Baby. Tragically, Puppy loses her eyesight in a mishap, and his skinflint is to recoup baby's vision for which {{INRConvert|50000}} is essential.

Besides, Sri, Padmanabham's naughty daughter, is relentlessly ribbing the men. SI Anandam becomes a scapegoat to her in a dine-and-dash. Chanti Appalakonda's callow son is behind her by proposing, and she pocks his fun. Veerababu strikes back Sri later with a one-hit and the two crush. Chanti is conscious that Sri fascinates magic, and he pesters his father to drill. Whereat, Appalakonda calls Veerababu, by which he reaches his target. Right on the day, Padmanabham rebukes & refuses to supply the sum, mindful of his love affair with Sri. Hence, Veerababu grabs his rightfully due. Appalakonda gets to that who ruses by slaughtering Padmanabham, heisting the remaining wealth, and incriminating Veerababu.

Due to this, the operation bars when Puppy catches SI Anandam's eye. He notifies Appalakonda, and they attack Veerababu's residence, but the grandmother, & Pandu secure and escape with the baby. Veerababu is currently penalized to life on Appalakonda's witness. Thus, Veerababu enrages & pledges to reprisal. Parallelly, Sri declares Veerababu is the homicide, seeks vengeance, and robs Anandam's revolver. She misfires, hitting some officials' birds, and Anandam receives a higher authorities' admonition. As a glimpse, Chanti shades Pandu, who wittily transforms him into a skeleton body with a human head to dispose of.

Meanwhile, Appalakonda's sidekicks seize & torment the grandmother & Pandu for Puppy's whereabouts. Discerning it, Veerababu breaks the bars with his occult powers. He assaults blackguards with the conjuring and relieves his men. Following this, Appalakonda moves several pawns to raid Veerababu, which he backfires. Now, Veerababu sets out all for Puppy's surgery by gamely obtaining the money from Appalakonda. The Doctor says Veerababu must be in front of Baby when she opens her eyes. Otherwise, the complete try is futile. Sri overhears it, links to Appalakonda with half-knowledge, and they abduct Puppy. However, Veerababu gains it via Chanti, who makes him usual, and he appears before Puppy with illusion and retrieves her vision. At last, Veerababu ceases Appalakonda with his mystical knack and makes him confess his sins at the judiciary when Sri is also regretful. Finally, the movie ends happily with Veerababu again performing the roadshow with his family members.

==Cast==
{{colbegin}}
* [[Gadde Rajendra Prasad|Rajendra Prasad]] as Veera Babu
* [[Soundarya]] as Siri
* [[Kota Srinivasa Rao]] as Appalakonda
* [[Brahmanandam]] as Inspector
* [[Babu Mohan]] as Chanti
* [[Gundu Hanumantha Rao]] as Pandu
* [[Ali (actor)|Ali]] as Constable
* [[AVS (comedian)|AVS]] as Supermarket Owner
* [[Padmanabham (actor)|Padmanabham]] as Padmanabham
* [[Subbaraya Sharma]] as I.G.
* [[Jenny (actor)|Jenny]]
* [[Narsing Yadav]]
* K. K. Sarma as Comedy Wizard
* Potti Veeraiah as Comedy Wizard
* Maganti Sudhakar as Puppy's father
* Kishore Rathi as Magician
* Vidyasagar as Tirupati
* [[Sri Lakshmi (actress)|Sri Lakshmi]] as Appalakonda's second wife
* [[Nirmalamma]] as Veera Babu's Bamma
* Baby Nikitha as Puppy
{{colend}}

==Soundtrack==
{{Infobox album
| name = Mayalodu
| type = film
| artist = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 1993
| recorded =
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = Soundtrack
| length = 21:47
| label = AKASH Audio
| producer = [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
| prev_title = [[Rajendrudu Gajendrudu]]
| prev_year = 1993
| next_title = [[Number One (1994 film)|Number One]]
| next_year = 1994
}}

Music composed by [[S. V. Krishna Reddy]]. The song "Chinuku Chinuku" was well received and was again reused in another Krishna Reddy film, ''Subhalagnam'' (1994). Music released on AKASH Audio Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cineradham.com/newsongs/song.php?movieid=1262 |title=Mayalodu (Songs) |work=Cineradham}}</ref>
{{Track listing
| collapsed =
| headline =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| total_length = 21:47
| all_writing =
| all_lyrics =
| all_music =
| title1 = Nee Mayalodu
| lyrics1 = Gaduri Vishwanadha Sastry
| extra1 = [[S. P. Balasubrahmanyam]], [[K. S. Chithra|Chitra]]
| length1 = 4:59

| title2 = Chalaaki Chilipi
| lyrics2 = Bhuvana Chandra
| extra2 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Chitra
| length2 = 5:01

| title3 = Choomantar Kaali
| lyrics3 = [[Sirivennela Sitaramasastri|Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry]]
| extra3 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length3 = 3:48

| title4 = Chinuku Chinuku
| lyrics4 = [[Jonnavithhula Ramalingeswara Rao|Jonnavithhula]]
| extra4 = SPB, Chitra
| length4 = 3:57

| title5 = Udatha Udatha
| lyrics5 = Sirivennela Sitarama Sastry
| extra5 = S. P. Balasubrahmanyam
| length5 = 4:02
}}

==Awards==
;[[Nandi Awards]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ipr.ap.nic.in/New_Links/Film.pdf|title=నంది అవార్డు విజేతల పరంపర (1964–2008)|trans-title=A series of Nandi Award Winners (1964–2008)|publisher=[[Andhra Pradesh (magazine)|Information & Public Relations of Andhra Pradesh]]|access-date=21 August 2020}}(in [[Telugu language|Telugu]])</ref>
*[[Nandi Award for Akkineni Award for Best Home-viewing Feature Film|Best Home Viewing Feature Film]] - [[K. Atchi Reddy]]
*[[Nandi Award for Best Child Actress|Best Child Actress]] - Baby Nikhita

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|0267738}}

{{S. V. Krishna Reddy}}

[[Category:1993 films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic comedy films]]
[[Category:Films directed by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:Films scored by S. V. Krishna Reddy]]
[[Category:1993 Telugu-language films]]
[[Category:1993 romantic comedy films]]

Baanadariyalli

2026-03-03T12:10:39Z

King42: Article enhanced with better details

{{No plot|date=February 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Baanadariyalli
| image = Baanadariyalli.jpg
| alt =
| caption =
| director = [[Preetham Gubbi]]
| producer = Sri Vaare Talkies
| screenplay = Preetham Gubbi
| story = [[Preetha Jayaraman]]
| based_on = 
| starring = [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] [[Rukmini Vasanth]] [[Reeshma Nanaiah]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Arjun Janya]]
| cinematography = Abhilash Kalathi
| editing = Deepu S. Kumar
| studio = Sri Vaare Talkies
| distributor = [[KRG Studios]]
| released = {{Film date|df=y|2023|09|28}}
| runtime = 149 minutes
| country = India
| language = Kannada
}}

'''''Baanadariyalli''''' ({{audio|Kn-ಬಾನದಾರಿಯಲಿ.ogg|pronunciation}} {{Translation|On the path to the sky}})<ref name="H"/> is a 2023 Indian [[Kannada]]-language [[romantic drama film]] directed by [[Preetham Gubbi]] and produced by Sri Vaare Talkies. The film stars [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]], [[Rukmini Vasanth]] and [[Reeshma Nanaiah]] in lead roles. The film is the first Kannada project to have shot in [[Kenya]]'s [[Maasai Mara|Maasai Mara National Reserve]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/golden-star-ganesh-starts-shooting-on-the-lanes-of-kenya-for-baana-daariyalli/articleshow/94448023.cms|title=Golden Star Ganesh starts shooting on the lanes of Kenya for Baanadaariyalli|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=26 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movies/news/baanadariyalli-is-an-adventure-for-love-says-director-preetham-gubbi/articleshow/103402330.cms|title=Baanadariyalli is an adventure for love, says director Preetham Gubbi|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=5 September 2023 }}</ref> The film marks the fourth collaboration of Ganesh and Preetham Gubbi.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/apr/02/ganesh-preetham-gubbis-film-titled-baanadariyalli-2436872.html|title=Ganesh-Preetham Gubbi's film titled 'Baanadariyalli'|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=2 April 2022 }}</ref> ''Baanadariyalli'' was released on 28 September 2023.

== Cast ==
* [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] as Siddharth a.k.a. Siddu
* [[Rukmini Vasanth]] as Leela
* [[Reeshma Nanaiah]] as Kadambari
* [[Rangayana Raghu]] as Leela's father
* Ashok Sharma
* Alaknanda Srinivas as Jayaraj C.
* Aaradhya N. Chandra as young Leala

== Production ==
In March 2022, it was reported that director-writer [[Preetham Gubbi]] would team up with actor [[Ganesh (actor)|Ganesh]] again for the fourth time. It was reported that [[V. Harikrishna]] would compose the music for the film, but was replaced by [[Arjun Janya]]. A 30-day filming schedule was finished in September 2022, the filming moved to [[Kenya]], [[Africa]] where they shot some scenes in the wild forest range of [[Maasai Mara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/mar/23/ganesh-and-preetham-gubbi-to-team-up-again-2433079.html|title=Ganesh and Preetham Gubbi to team up again|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=23 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/kannada/2022/sep/13/ganesh-and-team-baanadariyalli-head-to-kenya-2497562.html|title=Ganesh and team Baanadariyalli head to Kenya|website=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=13 September 2022 }}</ref> The film's title is based on the song of the same name from ''[[Bhagyavantha]]'' (1981).<ref name="H"/>

== Soundtrack ==

The music of the film is composed by [[Arjun Janya]] and released under [[Anand Audio]].

{{Infobox album
| name = Baanadariyalli
| type = Soundtrack
| artist = Arjun Janya
| cover =
| alt =
| released = 2023
| recorded = 2023
| venue =
| studio =
| genre = [[Feature film soundtrack]]
| length =
| language = Kannada
| label = [[Anand Audio]]
| producer =
| misc = {{external music video| header = Official audio
|{{YouTube|svpt5VgqqUE|Baanadariyalli - Album}}
}}
}}

{{Track listing
| headline = Track listing
| total_length =
| extra_column = Singer(s)
| title1 = Baanadariyalli Hode Yelli
| lyrics1 = [[Kaviraj (lyricist)|Kaviraj]]
| extra1 = [[Rajesh Krishnan]]
| title2 = Ninnanu Nodida
| lyrics2 = Kaviraj
| extra2 = [[Sonu Nigam]]
| title3 = Maathella Haage Ide
| lyrics3 = [[Jayanth Kaikini]]
| extra3 = [[Armaan Malik]]
| title4 = Gold Fish
| lyrics4 = Kaviraj
| extra4 = Aishwarya Rangarajan Nishan Rai
}}

== Reception ==
=== Critical response ===
Vinay Lokesh of ''[[The Times of India]]'' gave 3/5 stars and wrote "While the film could have done with a tighter screenplay, this is definitely a film to catch at the theatres this week. Again, the story is emotional, enough to keep you misty eyed, do be prepared."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/kannada/movie-reviews/baana-daariyalli/movie-review/103997628.cms|title=Baana Daariyalli Movie Review: A Emotional Love Story That's All About Fulfilling Dreams|website=The Times of India}}</ref> Vivek M. V. of ''[[The Hindu]]'' wrote "‘Baanadariyalli’ is a missed opportunity as director-writer Preetham Gubbi makes a mess of an interesting premise."<ref name="H">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/baanadariyalli-movie-review-this-ganesh-rukmini-vasanth-romance-fails-to-hit-the-heights/article67355876.ece|title='Baanadariyalli' movie review: This Ganesh, Rukmini Vasanth romance fails to hit the heights|website=The Hindu|date=28 September 2023 |last1=m. v |first1=Vivek }}</ref>

A Sharadhaa reviewing for ''[[The New Indian Express]]'' rated 3 out of 5 stars. 'Baanadariyalli' is a unique love story that transcends boundaries and linguistic barriers, offering a fusion of suspense, pain, and adventure. The film explores the unusual bond between Vasu, his daughter Leela, and Siddhu, with heartfelt performances by the cast, especially Ganesh and Rangayana Raghu. While the second half could have been faster, the emotional journey in the last 30 minutes resonates with the audience. The film's picturesque settings and diverse songs add to its charm, making it a family-friendly movie that delves into the complexities of love and relationships."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2023/sep/30/baanadariyalli-movie-reviewa-unique-love-journeythat-explores-unusual-bonds-2619423.html|title='Baanadariyalli' movie review: A unique love journey that explores unusual bonds|website=newindianexpress|date=30 September 2023 }}</ref>

Shashiprasad S. M. of ''The South First'' gave 2/5 stars and wrote "'Baanadariyalli' is shallow in almost every aspect of entertainment, just like Leela is seen surfing on shallow waters in the film."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thesouthfirst.com/entertainment/baanadariyalli-movie-review/|title=Baanadariyalli review: It hardly scores apart from the title taken from Puneeth Rajkumar's song|website=The South First|date=28 September 2023 }}</ref> Subha. J. Rao of ''[[The News Minute]]'' wrote "The film [Baanadariyalli], on paper, is about acceptance, moving on, and living life again. That sounds good enough, but the path to get there is laden with cliches galore."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/flix/baanadariyalli-review-this-ganesh-rukmini-vasanth-romance-is-laden-with-cliches|title=Baanadariyalli review: This Ganesh, Rukmini Vasanth romance is laden with cliches|website=The News Minute|date=28 September 2023 }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|id=21843364}}

{{Preetham Gubbi}}

[[Category:2023 Kannada-language films]]
[[Category:2023 Indian films]]
[[Category:2023 films]]
[[Category:2023 romantic drama films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Preetham Gubbi]]
[[Category:Films set in Karnataka]]
[[Category:Films shot in Africa]]
[[Category:Indian nonlinear narrative films]]
[[Category:Indian romantic drama films]]

Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa season 10

2026-03-02T11:17:09Z

King42:

{{About|the season 10|the series|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox television season
| season_number = 10
| image = Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption = ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' Season 10 Title Screen
| bgcolour = #FF52AF
| module1 = {{Infobox reality competition season
| presenter = [[Manish Paul]] [[Arjun Bijlani]] (Week 10)
| judges = [[Karan Johar]] [[Madhuri Dixit]] [[Nora Fatehi]] [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]] (weeks 9, 11, 13)
| num_contestants = 16
| celebrity_winner = Gunjan Sinha
| professional_winner = Tejas Verma
| winner_mentor = Sagar Bora
}}
| starring = [[#Contestants and choreographers|See Below]]
| num_episodes = 26 ([[#Episodes|list of episodes]])
| network = [[Colors TV]]
| first_aired = {{Start date|2022|09|03|df=yes}}
| last_aired = {{End date|2022|11|27|df=yes}}
| episode_list =
}}
'''''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10''''' is the tenth season<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-to-premiere-tonight-heres-what-to-expect/photostory/93971484.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 to premiere tonight; here's what to expect|date=3 September 2022|website=The Times of India|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=21 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221021080725/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-to-premiere-tonight-heres-what-to-expect/photostory/93971484.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'',<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-10-to-air-from-september-2-exclusive/articleshow/92920144.cms|title='Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' Season 10 to air from September 2 - Exclusive - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=16 July 2022|access-date=1 August 2022|archive-date=23 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223080556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-10-to-air-from-september-2-exclusive/articleshow/92920144.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> an Indian [[Reality television|reality]] and [[Dance|dance television series]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-contestants-shilpa-shinde-nia-sharma-dheeraj-dhoopar-ali-asgar-see-full-list-8112730/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 contestants: Shilpa Shinde, Nia Sharma, Dheeraj Dhoopar, Ali Asgar, see full list|date=26 August 2022|access-date=26 August 2022|archive-date=26 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826171427/https://indianexpress.com/photos/entertainment-gallery/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-contestants-shilpa-shinde-nia-sharma-dheeraj-dhoopar-ali-asgar-see-full-list-8112730/|url-status=live}}</ref> produced by [[BBC Studios|BBC Worldwide Productions Company]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/bbcstudios/2022/indian-adaptation-of-bbc-studios-global-format-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-returns-to-colors|title=Indian adaptation of BBC Studios Global Format 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' returns to COLORS|website=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The season was hosted by [[Manish Paul]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theprint.in/features/maniesh-paul-to-return-as-host-for-upcoming-season-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/1080623/|title=Maniesh Paul to return as host for upcoming season of 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'|date=12 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813093032/https://theprint.in/features/maniesh-paul-to-return-as-host-for-upcoming-season-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/1080623/|url-status=live}}</ref> and judged by [[Karan Johar]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2022 |title=Karan Johar: When I Met Madhuri On 'Jhalak...' Sets, It Was Like A Reunion |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/karan-johar-when-i-met-madhuri-on-jhalak-sets-it-was-like-a-reunion-news-219234 |website=www.outlookindia.com |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903054805/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/karan-johar-when-i-met-madhuri-on-jhalak-sets-it-was-like-a-reunion-news-219234 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-groove-maniesh-paul-new-promo-watch-1180704|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Madhuri Dixit, Nora Fatehi, Karan Johar groove with Maniesh Paul in NEW promo; Watch|date=23 August 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=23 August 2022|archive-date=23 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823022014/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-groove-maniesh-paul-new-promo-watch-1180704|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Nora Fatehi]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 September 2022 |title=Nora Fatehi: Whatever I Am Today, It's Because Of 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/nora-fatehi-whatever-i-am-today-it-s-because-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa--news-220352 |website=www.outlookindia.com |access-date=3 September 2022 |archive-date=3 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903054606/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/nora-fatehi-whatever-i-am-today-it-s-because-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa--news-220352 |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]. The series premiered from 3 September 2022 to 27 November 2022 on [[Colors TV]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2022/film/global/sean-connery-sound-stage-pinewood-studios-1235351602/|title=Afghanistan Evacuation Documentary 'Escape From Kabul Airport' Set at BBC, HBO, Arte – Global Bulletin|first1=Naman|last1=Ramachandran|date=26 August 2022|access-date=3 September 2022|archive-date=3 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220903034541/https://variety.com/2022/film/global/sean-connery-sound-stage-pinewood-studios-1235351602/|url-status=live}}</ref> and digitally streamed on [[Voot]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-karan-johar-maniesh-paul-nora-fatehis-promos-watch-8086723/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 to air from this date, watch Madhuri Dixit, Karan Johar, Maniesh Paul and Nora Fatehi's promos|date=12 August 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813090717/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-karan-johar-maniesh-paul-nora-fatehis-promos-watch-8086723/|url-status=live}}</ref> Gunjan Sinha emerged as the winner of the show.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-contestant-gunjan-sinha-and-partner-tejas-win-the-show-as-they-lift-the-trophy/articleshow/95809268.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Contestant Gunjan Sinha and partner Tejas win the show as they lift the trophy - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=27 November 2022|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128032728/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-contestant-gunjan-sinha-and-partner-tejas-win-the-show-as-they-lift-the-trophy/articleshow/95809268.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Cast ==
'''Note:-''' Since only Winner was announced among the Top 3 and Top 3 among the Top 5, average score of the contestants determine their ranks considering the international format stated in the show.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! Celebrity
! Notability
!Professional Partner
!Status
!'''Ref.'''
|-
![[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]]
|Comedian
|Lipsa Acharya
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 1st {{small|on 18 September 2022}}
|<ref name="Ali eliminated">{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ali-asgar-is-first-contestant-to-be-evicted-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-8158885/|title=Ali Asgar is first contestant to be evicted from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|date=18 September 2022|access-date=18 September 2022|archive-date=18 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918180920/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/ali-asgar-is-first-contestant-to-be-evicted-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-8158885/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
![[Dheeraj Dhoopar]]
|Actor
|Sneha Singh
| style="background: lightgreen" | Withdrew {{small|on 25 September 2022}}
|<ref name="Dheeraj quit">{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dheeraj-dhoopar-quits-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-do-you-know-why-6006133.html|title=Dheeraj Dhoopar Quits Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 - Do You Know Why?|date=21 September 2022|website=News18|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921173343/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/dheeraj-dhoopar-quits-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-do-you-know-why-6006133.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Dutee Chand [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
|Sprinter
|Raveena Choudhary
| style="background: lightgreen" |Withdrew {{small|on 2 October 2022}}
|<ref name="Dutee quit">{{Cite web|title='झलक दिखला जा 10' का क्या होगा? 1 महीने में 2 कंटेस्टेंट्स ने छोड़ा, मेकर्स को लगा बड़ा झटका|url=https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/jhalak-dikhla-jaa-10-after-dheeraj-dhoopar-dutee-chand-quit-show-in-one-month-two-contestants-tmovk-1546729-2022-09-29|access-date=2022-09-30|website=Aaj Tak.com|date=29 September 2022|language=hindi|archive-date=30 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930033602/https://www.aajtak.in/entertainment/television/story/jhalak-dikhla-jaa-10-after-dheeraj-dhoopar-dutee-chand-quit-show-in-one-month-two-contestants-tmovk-1546729-2022-09-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
!Zorawar Kalra
|Chef
|Suchitra Sawant
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 2nd {{small|on 9 October 2022}}
|<ref name="Zorawar eliminated">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/zorawar-kalra-exits-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-440111|title=Zorawar Kalra exits Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|first=Tribune News|last=Service|website=Tribuneindia News Service|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015151532/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/lifestyle/zorawar-kalra-exits-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-440111|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
![[Shilpa Shinde]]
|Actress
|Nischhal Sharma
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 3rd {{small|on 16 October 2022}}
|<ref name="Shilpa Eliminated">{{Cite news|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Shilpa Shinde gets eliminated, feels 'fortunate to perform in front of Madhuri Dixit Nene'|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shilpa-shinde-gets-eliminated-feels-fortunate-to-perform-in-front-of-madhuri-dixit-nene/articleshow/94909622.cms|access-date=2022-10-17|website=The Times of India|date=17 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Ada Malik [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
|Designer
|Shyam Yadav
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 4th {{small|on 30 October 2022}}
|<ref name="Ada">{{Cite web |date=8 October 2022 |title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Kumkum Bhagya actress Sriti Jha and Anu Malik's daughter Ada Malik enter the show as Wild Card Entries |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-kumkum-bhagya-actress-sriti-jha-anu-maliks-daughter-ada-malik-enter-show-wild-card-entries/ |access-date=2022-10-19 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019185518/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-kumkum-bhagya-actress-sriti-jha-anu-maliks-daughter-ada-malik-enter-show-wild-card-entries/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
![[Paras Kalnawat]]
|Actor
|[[Shweta Sharda]]
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 5th {{small|on 6 November 2022}}
|<ref name="Double Elimination">{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Amruta Khanvilkar and Paras Kalnawat call their elimination 'painful'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-amruta-khanvilkar-and-paras-kalnawat-call-their-elimination-painful-1197858|access-date=2022-11-07|website=Pinkvilla|date=7 November 2022|language=en|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107075329/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-amruta-khanvilkar-and-paras-kalnawat-call-their-elimination-painful-1197858|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
![[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
|Actress
|Pratik Utekar
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 6th {{small|on 6 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amruta Khanvilkar confirms participation in Colors' dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/amruta-khanvilkar-confirms-participation-colors-dance-reality-show-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=Bollywood Hungama |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Nia Sharma]]
|Actress
|Tarun Raj
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 7th {{small|on 20 November 2022}}
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=''Anupamaa's'' Samar aka Paras Kalnawat and Nia Sharma to participate in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-nia-sharma-and-paras-kalnawat-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/92901579.cms |access-date=2022-07-15 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Niti Taylor]]
|Actress
|Akash Thapa
| style="background:#f4c7b8" | Eliminated 8th {{small|on 20 November 2022}}
|<ref name="Contestants">{{Cite web |title=After Paras Kalnawat and Nia Sharma, Dheeraj Dhoopar and Niti Taylor are also revealed to be confirmed contestants for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/niti-taylor-dheeraj-dhoopar-nia-sharma-and-paras-kalnawat-confirmed-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-1978277-2022-07-21 |access-date=2022-07-21 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Nishant Bhat [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
|Dancer
|Anuradha Iyengar
| bgcolor=#cac7f0|Fifth Place {{small|on 27 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Exclusive - Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Nishant Bhat to enter the show with his choreographer Anuradha as a contestant? |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-nishant-bhat-to-enter-the-show-with-his-choreographer-anuradha-as-a-contestant/articleshow/94565662.cms |access-date=2022-10-01 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Sriti Jha]] [[File:Playing_card_club_A.svg|13x13px]]
|Actress
|Vivek Chachere
| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |Fourth Place {{small|on 27 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=After Khatron Ke Khiladi 12, Sriti Jha enters as the first wild card entry in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/after-khatron-ke-khiladi-12-sriti-jha-enters-as-the-first-wild-card-entry-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/94603440.cms |access-date=2022-10-02 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
![[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
|Actor
|Romsha Singh
| style="background:#d1c571;" |Third place {{small|on 27 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title="I'm geared up to put myself in professional dancing shoes again", says Gashmeer Mahajani on participating in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-gashmeer-mahajani-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-the-actor-says-he-is-all-geared-up-to-put-on-his-professional-dancing-shoes-again/articleshow/93155322.cms |access-date=2022-07-28 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Faisal Shaikh
|Digital Influencer
|Vaishnavi Patil
| rowspan="2" style="background:#c96;" |Runners-Up {{small|on 27 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 20 EXCLUSIVE:Faisal Shaikh aka Mr. Faisu is CONFIRMED for the show |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive-faisal-shaikh-aka-mr-faisu-confirmed-show-1177906 |access-date=2022-08-17 |website=Pinkvilla |language=en |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817143617/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive-faisal-shaikh-aka-mr-faisu-confirmed-show-1177906 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
![[Rubina Dilaik]]
|Actress
|Sanam Johar
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rubina Dilaik roped in for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rubina-dilaik-roped-in-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/93451499.cms |access-date=2022-08-09 |website=Times of India |language=en}}</ref>
|-
!Gunjan Sinha
|Dancer
|Tejas Verma
| bgcolor="Gold" |Winners {{small|on 27 November 2022}}
|<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jhalak Dikhlaa Jaa 10 की सबसे छोटी कंटेस्टेंट है गुंजन सिन्हा, अपने डांस से देगी टीवी के पॉपुलर स्टार्स को टक्कर |url=https://www.timesnowhindi.com/entertainment/celebrity-news/article/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-youngest-contestant-gunjan-sinha-she-was-the-first-runner-up-in-dance-deewana-3-show/436569 |access-date=2022-10-23 |website=Times Now Hindi |language=hindi}}</ref>
|}

== Scoring chart ==

The highest score each week is indicated in '''{{fontcolor|#004600|bold green}}''' with a dagger ({{dagger}}), while the lowest score each week is indicated in {{fontcolor|#800000|''italic red''}} with a double-dagger ({{double-dagger}}).

'''Colour key:'''
{{columns-list|{{legend|gold|Winners}}
{{legend|silver|Runners-up}}
{{legend|tan|Third place}}
{{legend|#d1c571|Fourth place}}
{{legend|E6E6FA|Fifth place}}
{{legend|#cac7f0|Sixth place}}
{{legend|fff383|Excused from competition for the week}}
{{legend|lightgreen|Withdrew from competition}}
{{legend|lightblue|Bottom two}}
{{legend|#f4c7b8|Eliminated}}
{{legend|#CD5C5C|Dance prior to results, later eliminated}}|colwidth=20em}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|+''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (season 10) - Weekly Scores
! rowspan="2" |Couple
! rowspan="2" |{{Abbr|Pl.|Place}}
! colspan="13" |Week
|-
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9{{efn|The couples were scored on a 20-point scale due to it being a team-based week.|name=Team}}
!10{{efn|The professional partners were swapped for this week, scores mentioned are of the celebrity, full list is given below.|name=Swap}}
!11
!12
!13
!12+13
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|Gunjan & Tejas}}
|1st
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|24}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
|28
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|30+10='''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="gold" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|70}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This couple finished in first place.|name=Win}}
|-
! scope="row" |Rubina & Sanam
|2nd
|21
|24
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
|27
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|24}}''{{double-dagger}}
|29
|27+7=''{{fontcolor|#800000|34}}''{{double-dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="silver" |64{{efn|This couple finished in second place.}}
|-
! scope="row" |Faisal & Vaishnavi
|3rd
|22
|24
|24
|27
|26
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |27
|26+8=''{{fontcolor|#800000|34}}''{{double-dagger}}
|27
| bgcolor="tan" |61{{efn|This couple finished in third place.}}
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|Gashmeer & Romsha}}
|4th
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|24}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|26
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|29
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="#fff383" |{{efn|This couple was excused from competition due to illness or injury, and was granted a [[Bye (sports)|bye]] to the following week.|name=Sickie}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |19{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |29{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|27+9=36
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="#d1c571" |66{{efn|This couple finished in fourth place.}}
|-
! scope="row" |Sriti & Vivek
|5th
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|—
|25
|24
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|28
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27+7=''{{fontcolor|#800000|34}}''{{double-dagger}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|26}}''{{double-dagger}}
| bgcolor="#E6E6FA" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|60}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple finished in fifth place.|name=}}
|-
! scope="row" |{{nowrap|Nishant & Anuradha}}
|6th
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|—
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|27
| bgcolor="lightblue" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| 30+9=39
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor=#cac7f0|69{{efn|This couple finished in sixth place.|name=six}}
|-
! scope="row" |Niti & Akash
|7th
|20
|27
|28
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |29{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |17
|28
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|24}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |30+10='''{{fontcolor|#004600|40}}'''{{dagger}}''{{efn||name=last}}''
| colspan="2" rowspan="10" bgcolor=darkgrey|
|-
! scope="row" |Nia & Tarun
|8th
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|24}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|29}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|29
| bgcolor="lightblue" |29
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|23
|24
| bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|20}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |28{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |29+8=37''{{efn||name=last}}''
|-
!Amruta & Prateek
|9th
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|24}}'''{{dagger}}
|26
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|bgcolor="yellow" |'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}{{efn|This contestant won golden chair that week and was immuned from elimination.|name=golden chair}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|'''{{fontcolor|#004600|30}}'''{{dagger}}
|27
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |18{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |25''{{efn||name=last}}''
| rowspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| rowspan="8" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Paras & Shweta
|10th
|21
|27
|26
|27
| bgcolor="lightblue" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|23}}''{{double-dagger}}
|25
|26
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |18{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |27''{{efn||name=last}}''
|-
!Ada & Shyam
|11th
| colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|—
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|21}}''{{double-dagger}}
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|23}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |''{{fontcolor|#800000|16}}''{{double-dagger}}''{{efn||name=last}}''
| rowspan="6" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Shilpa & Niscchal
|12th
|21
|24
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |24
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |26{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor="#fff383" |{{efn|This couple was excused from competition due to illness or injury, and was granted a [[Bye (sports)|bye]] to the following week.|name=Sickie}}
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
| rowspan="5" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Zorawar & Suchitra
|13th
| bgcolor="lightblue" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|18}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was in the bottom two, but was not eliminated.|name=Bottom2}}
|21
|22
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |24''{{efn||name=last}}''
| rowspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Dutee & Raveena
|14th
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|—
|21
| bgcolor="lightgreen" |{{efn|This couple withdrew from the competition.|name=Withdrew}}
| rowspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Dheeraj & Sneha
|15th
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|18}}''{{double-dagger}}
|''{{fontcolor|#800000|20}}''{{double-dagger}}
| bgcolor="lightgreen" |{{efn|This couple withdrew from the competition.|name=Withdrew}}
| rowspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|-
!Ali & Lipsa
|16th
| bgcolor="#f4c7b8" |{{fontcolor|#800000|18}}''{{double-dagger}}{{efn|This couple was eliminated after performing the next week.|name=Elim}}''
| bgcolor=#CD5C5C |24''{{efn|This couple was eliminated after this week's performance in the results of previous week.|name=last}}''
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|}
;Notes
{{notelist}}

==Twists==
===''Jhalak Passport''===
One of the twists that featured in this season was "Jhalak Passport".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-premiere-live-updates-show-returns-bang-after-5-years-1187296|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 Premiere Highlights: Amruta Khanvilkar gets standing ovation; Ali Asgar returns as Dadi|date=3 September 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=11 September 2022|archive-date=11 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911063129/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-premiere-live-updates-show-returns-bang-after-5-years-1187296|url-status=live}}</ref> The Jhalak Passport of contestants whose performances impressed the judges will receive the Golden Stamp and the recipients will become contenders for the Golden Chair.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}

==== Golden Stamp winners====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Contestants
!white-space:nowrap;" | Week 2
!Week 3
!Week 4
!Week 5
!Week 6
!Week 7
!Week 8
!Week 9{{ref|1|1}}
!Week 10
!Week 11
!Week 12{{ref|2|2}}
!Week 13
|-
!Gunjan
|{{Yeac}}
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Rubina
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Faisal
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
|bgcolor=gold|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Gashmeer
| bgcolor="gold" |{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{n/a}}
|{{Yeac}}
|bgcolor="gold"|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Sriti
!colspan="4" |
| colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{n/a}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Nishant
!colspan="4" |
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="2" {{N/A}}
|-
!Niti
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey"|
|{{N/A}}
|bgcolor="grey"|
|-
!Nia
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{yeac}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{n/a}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{N/A}}
|bgcolor="grey"|
|-
!Amruta
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="gold" |{{yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
|bgcolor="darkgrey"|
|colspan="3" bgcolor="grey"|
|-
!Paras
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
| bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|{{n/a}}
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="3" bgcolor="grey"|
|-
!Ada
!colspan="4"|
|colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{n/a}}
|colspan="4" bgcolor=grey|
|-
!Shilpa
|colspan="3" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|colspan="7" bgcolor=grey|
|-
!Zorawar
|colspan="4" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|{{Yeac}}
|colspan="7" bgcolor=grey|
|-
!Dutee
|{{n/a|}}
|colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|colspan="9" bgcolor=grey |
|-
!Dheeraj
|colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|colspan="10" bgcolor=grey|
|-
!Ali
|colspan="2" bgcolor="darkgrey" |
|colspan="11" bgcolor="grey" |
|}
{{refbegin|}}
#{{Note|1}}There was no "Golden Stamp" given in Week 9 due to participants performing for their respective teams and it was announced that all participating celebrity couples from the winning team will be eligible for "Golden Chair" and the losing team couples will face elimination in the following week.
#{{Note|2}}No "Golden Stamp" and "Golden Chair" were given in weeks 12 and 13 due to them being semi-finale and grand-finale weeks respectively.
{{refend}}

===Golden Chair===
This season of ''[[Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa]]'' introduced a first-of-its-kind Golden Chair system in which the contestant winning the Golden Chair will be immune from elimination for the following week.

[[Gashmeer Mahajani]] and Romsha Singh became the first participating couple to win the Golden Chair twice and became immune from elimination for the Week 3 and then again in Week 4.<ref>{{Cite web|title=TV Newsmakers Today: Ankit Gupta to quit Udaariyaan, Gashmeer Mahajani gets immunity in JDJ 10 and more|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv-newsmakers-today-ankit-gupta-to-quit-udaariyaan-gashmeer-mahajani-gets-immunity-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-and-more-article-94053971|access-date=2022-09-07|website=Times Now|date=7 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=21 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421175454/https://www.timesnownews.com/entertainment-news/tv-newsmakers-today-ankit-gupta-to-quit-udaariyaan-gashmeer-mahajani-gets-immunity-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-and-more-article-94053971|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Nia Sharma]], [[Amruta Khanvilkar]], Gunjan Sinha, [[Niti Taylor]] and Faisal Shaikh have won the Golden Chair since then.

===Voting and elimination===
The show follows its traditional elimination policy of grand total of judges' scores and audience votings for the bottom two contestants. The contestant in the bottom two with least number of combined judges' scores and audience votings is eliminated in the following week at the end of Sunday's episode.

== Themes ==
The celebrities and professional partners danced one of these routines for each corresponding week:
*Week 1: Introduction and Jhalak Passport
*Week 2: Retro Special (Life in a Retro)
*Week 3: Family Special (Mera Parivaar, Best Parivaar)
*Week 4: Bollywood Special and Mahasangam with ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12|Khatron Ke Khiladi 12]]''
*Week 5: Jhalak of India
*Week 6: Kapoor Special
*Week 7: Desh Ki Demand
*Week 8: Diwali Special
*Week 9: Dance War (Madhuri Ke Rockstars vs Karan Ke Johars)
*Week 10: Adla-Badli (Partner-swapping)
*Week 11: 90s Special
*Week 12: Blockbuster Semi-Finale
*Week 13: Grand Finale

Week 3 was themed 'Family' Special, and each of the participating celebrities dedicated their performances (Dutee gave her introductory performance this week) as follows:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
* Ali & Lipsa: His fictional character ''Dadi''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17 |title=From Paras Kalnawat to Ali Asgar, Rubina Dilaik ontestants pay tribute to their loved ones on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 |website=Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/paras-kalnawat-ali-asgar-rubina-dilaik-shilpa-shinde-contestants-pay-tribute-loved-ones-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/ |access-date=2022-09-17 |language=en |archive-date=17 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917143615/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/paras-kalnawat-ali-asgar-rubina-dilaik-shilpa-shinde-contestants-pay-tribute-loved-ones-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-17 |title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Ali Asgar gets emotional as his kids send a sweet video message; Madhuri Dixit reacts |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-ali-asgar-gets-emotional-as-his-kids-send-a-sweet-video-message-madhuri-dixit-reacts-1190709 |access-date=2022-09-17 |website=PINKVILLA |language=en |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171734/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-ali-asgar-gets-emotional-as-his-kids-send-a-sweet-video-message-madhuri-dixit-reacts-1190709 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Amruta & Pratik: Her mother
* Dheeraj & Sneha: His wife
* Faisal & Vaishnavi: His friends
* Gashmeer & Romsha: His mother
* Gunjan & Tejas: Her father
{{Col-break}}
* Niti & Akash: Karan Johar as a father<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karan Johar gets teary-eyed on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa as Niti Taylor performs as his twins Yash and Roohi. Watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karan-johar-gets-teary-eyed-on-jhalak-as-niti-taylor-performs-as-yash-roohi-101663250511775.html|access-date=2022-09-17|website=Hindustan Times|date=15 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917101457/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karan-johar-gets-teary-eyed-on-jhalak-as-niti-taylor-performs-as-yash-roohi-101663250511775.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Nia & Tarun: Her brother
* Paras & Shweta: His deceased father<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Paras Kalnawat dedicates his performance to his father, says 'I'll make you proud Papa'|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-paras-kalnawat-dedicates-his-performance-to-his-father-says-ill-make-you-proud-papa-1190624|access-date=2022-09-17|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170637/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-paras-kalnawat-dedicates-his-performance-to-his-father-says-ill-make-you-proud-papa-1190624|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Rubina & Sanam: Her husband
* Shilpa & Nishchal: Her disloyal family
* Zorawar & Suchitra: His co-workers and friends
{{col-end}}
Week 4 was themed "Bollywood Special" and Mahasangam (merger) with ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12|Khatron Ke Khiladi 12]]'' finale, and each participating celebrity gave tribute to iconic actors of Bollywood by performing their iconic songs in ''Khatron Ke Khiladi'' style as follows:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*Amruta and Ashish: [[Madhuri Dixit]] doing [[Kathak]] and [[Bharatnatyam]] her iconic song ''[[Dola Re Dola]]''{{ref|1|1}}
*Dutee and Raveena: [[Aamir Khan]] and [[Rani Mukerjee]] performing their iconic song ''Aati Kya Khandala''
*Faisal and Vaishnavi: [[Ajay Devgan]] performing his iconic song ''Singham'' on a [[see-saw]]-like platform
*Gashmeer and Romsha: [[Shah Rukh Khan]] performing a mash-up of his iconic songs ''Chhaiyya Chhaiyya'', ''Dard-e-Disco'' and ''Tumse Milke Dil Ka Hai Jo Haal'' on a rostrum
*Gunjan and Tejas: [[Preity Zinta]] and [[Hrithik Roshan]] performing a mash-up of their iconic songs ''Bumbro Bumbro'' and ''Rind Posh Maal''
{{Col-break}}
*Niti and Akash: [[Nargis Dutt]] and [[Raj Kapoor]] performing their iconic song ''Pyaar Hua Ikraar Hua''
*Nia and Tarun: [[Raveena Tandon]] performing her iconic song ''Tip Tip Barsa Pani'' on a rotating platform with a pole
*Paras and Shweta: [[Hrithik Roshan]] and [[Preity Zinta]] performing their iconic song ''It's Magic''
*Rubina and Sanam: [[Priyanka Chopra]] performing her iconic song ''Ram Chahe Leela'' with a blindfold and [[Aerial Silk]]
*Shilpa and Nishchal: [[Sridevi]] performing her iconic song ''Naino Mein Sapna''
*Zorawar and Suchitra: [[Mithun Chakraborty]] performing a mash-up of his iconic songs ''I'm a Disco Dancer'' and ''Yaad Aa Raha Hai Tera Pyaar'' on a spinning platform
{{col-end}}
Week 5 was themed "Jhalak of India" and each participating celebrity represented a state in India with that state's signature traditional dresses:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*Amruta and Pratik: Representing [[Maharashtra]]
*Dutee and Raveena: Representing [[Karnataka]]
*Faisal and Vaishnavi: Representing [[Kerala]]
*Gashmeer and Romsha: Representing [[Tamil Nadu]]
*Gunjan and Tejas: Representing [[Assam]]
{{Col-break}}
*Nia and Tarun: Representing [[Uttar Pradesh]]
*Niti and Akash: Representing [[Gujarat]]
*Paras and Shweta: Representing [[Rajasthan]]
*Rubina and Sanam: Representing [[Himachal Pradesh]]
*Shilpa and Nishchal: Representing [[Bihar]]
*Zorawar and Suchitra: Representing [[Punjab, India|Punjab]]
{{Col-end}}
Week 6 was themed "[[Kapoor family|Kapoor]] Special" as a tribute to the [[Kapoor family|Kapoors]] of Bollywood where [[Neetu Kapoor]] arrived as the guest for the same. Each of the participating celebrities gave their tribute to one member of ''Kapoor family'' by performing their iconic songs as follows{{ref|2|2}}:{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*Amruta and Pratik: Tribute to [[Raj Kapoor]] by performing his iconic song ''Jeena Yahan Marna Yahan''
*Faisal and Vaishnavi: Tribute to [[Shammi Kapoor]] by performing his iconic song ''Oh Haseena Zulfon Wali''
*Gashmeer and Romsha: Tribute to [[Shashi Kapoor]] by performing his iconic song ''O Meri Sharmilee''
*Gunjan and Tejas: Tribute to [[Kareena Kapoor]] by performing her iconic song ''You're My Soniya''
*Nia and Tarun: Tribute to [[Prithviraj Kapoor]] by performing his iconic song ''Jab Pyaar Kiya Toh Darna Kya''
*Niti and Akash: Tribute to [[Ranbir Kapoor]] and [[Alia Bhatt| Alia Bhatt Kapoor]] by performing their iconic songs ''Khuda Jaane'' and ''Baba Mein Teri Malika''.
{{Col-break}}
*Paras and Shweta: Tribute to [[Ranbir Kapoor]] by performing his iconic song ''Badtameez Dil''
*Rubina and Sanam: Tribute to [[Karisma Kapoor]] by performing her iconic song ''Le Gayi''
*Shilpa and Nishchal: Tribute to [[Kareena Kapoor]] by performing her iconic song ''San Sana San''
*Zorawar and Suchitra: Tribute to [[Rishi Kapoor]]
{{Col-end}}
Week 7 was themed "Desh Ki Demand" where each participating celebrity performed the demand made to them:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*Ada and Shyam: Performed ''Drama Queen'' song fulfilling demand of "Showing her dramatic side"
*Amruta and Pratik: Performed ''Choli Ke Peechhe Kya Hai'' song fulfilling demand of "Madhuri Dixit's Song"
*Faisal and Vaishnavi:
*Gashmeer and Romsha: Performed ''Zingaat'' song fulfilling the demand of "Marathi Tadka"
*Gunjan and Tejas:
*Nia and Tarun: Performed ''Jagg Jeeteya'' song fulfilling demand of "Tribute to 2016 Surgical Strike"
{{Col-break}}
*Nishant and Anuradha:
*Niti and Akash:
*Paras and Shweta: Performed ''Ae Dil Hai Mushkil'' song fulfilling demand of "One-sided obsessive love"
*Rubina and Sanam: Performed ''Mayya Mayya'' & ''Mashallah'' songs fulfilling demand of "Belly Dance"
*Sriti and Vivek: Performed ''Laal Ishq'' song fulfilling the demand of "Sringar ka Kumkum"
{{Col-end}}
Week 8 was themed "Diwali Special" and each participating celebrity enacted either a particular god or a mythological character:
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-break}}
*Ada and Shyam:
*Amruta and Pratik: Enacted [[Rama|Lord Ram]] and [[Sita|Goddess Sita]] through the latter's ''Agnipariksha'' episode.
*Faisal and Vaishnavi:
*Gashmeer and Romsha: '''NOT IN COMPETITION'''{{ref|3|3}}
*Gunjan and Tejas: Enacted [[Krishna|Lord Krishn]] and his separation from his flute [[Venu]]
{{Col-break}}
*Nia and Tarun: Enacted [[Kali|Goddess Kali]] slaying the demon [[Raktabīja|Raktbija]]
*Nishant and Anuradha: Enacted [[Ravana|Ravan]]'s slaying
*Niti and Akash: Enacted [[Ganga (goddess)|Goddess Ganga]]'s ''descendant to Earth'' and [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] holding her on his head
*Paras and Shweta: Enacted [[Krishna|Lord Krishn]] and [[Radha|Goddess Radha]]'s childhood, love story and separation.
*Rubina and Sanam: Enacted [[Draupadi]] and her ''Cheerharan'' by [[Dushasana]] and its revenge by [[Bhima]].
*Sriti and Vivek: Danced as devotees of [[Ganesh|Lord Ganesh]]; evoking [[Ganesh|Lord Ganesh]].
{{Col-end}}

Week 9 was themed 'Dance War' where the two judges (Nora and Karan) chose their teams within the participants and the one with more scores (average) wins. The winning team is safe from next week's eviction.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:15px;"
! Category
! Madhuri Ke Rockstars{{ref|4|4}}
! '''Karan Ke Johars'''
|-
! Members
|{{no wrap|Amruta & Pratik}}, Gunjan & Tejas, Niti & Akash, {{no wrap|Rubina & Sanam}}, Paras & Shweta, Ada & Shyam
|{{no wrap|Gashmeer & Romsha}}, Nishant & Anuradha, Faisal & Vaishnavi, Nia & Tarun, Sriti & Vivek
|-
!Average
|18.6
| '''19.8'''
|}

Week 10 was themed 'Adla-Badli' where all the participating celebrities were asked to perform with the dancing partner of another celebrity instead of their original ones which were as follows:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; line-height:15px;"
! Celebrity
! Swapped Partner
|-
!Amruta
|Sanam (Rubina's partner)
|-
!Faisal
|Anuradha (Nishant's partner)
|-
!Gashmeer
|Shweta (Paras' partner)
|-
!Gunjan
|Akash & Tejas (Niti's partner along with her original partner)
|-
!Nia
|Vivek (Sriti's partner)
|-
!Nishant
|Romsha (Gashmeer's partner)
|-
!Niti
|Sagar (Gunjan's mentor)
|-
!Paras
|Vaishnavi (Faisal's partner)
|-
!Rubina
|Pratik (Amruta's partner)
|-
!Sriti
|Tarun (Nia's partner)
|}

{{refbegin|}}
#{{note|1}} Amruta's choreographer Pratik was replaced by Ashish Patil for this week as the former was suffering from [[Dengue fever]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Madhuri Dixit, Amruta Khanvilkar dance to Dola Re Dola, Karan Johar calls it 'best moment'|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/madhuri-dixit-amruta-khanvilkar-dance-to-dola-re-dola-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-101663984889124.html|access-date=2022-09-24|website=The Hindustan Times|date=24 September 2022|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924201508/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/madhuri-dixit-amruta-khanvilkar-dance-to-dola-re-dola-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-101663984889124.html|url-status=live}}
</ref>
#{{note|2}}Sriti, Ada and Nishant gave their introductory performances this week.
#{{note|3}}Gashmeer didn't perform this week because he was down with [[Dengue fever]].
#{{note|4}}In Week 9 Team "Madhuri Ke Rockstars" was initially termed as "Team Nora" with Nora as captain. But was renamed and replaced with Madhuri as Nora was replaced with [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]] as a judge for the week.
{{refend}}

== Dance chart ==
The couples performed the following each week:
* Weeks 1–11: One dance routine
* Week 12 (Semi-finals): One dance routine & dance relay
* Week 13 (Finals): Two dance routines
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:20px"
|+''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa'' (season 10) - Dance chart
! rowspan="2" |Couple
! colspan="15" |Week
|-
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
! colspan="2" |12
! colspan="2" |13
|-
!Gunjan & Tejas
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Hip hop & Lindy hop
|Hip hop
|Freestyle
| Bihu
| Old-school hip hop
| Hip hop
|
| Street Jazz
| Krumping, Stomping & Hip hop
| Chicago footwork
|Tapori & {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Locking & Popping
|Tollywood & Hip hop
|Freestyle{{efn|No scores were received for this dance.|name=NoScore}}
|-
!Rubina & Sanam
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Latin{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Waltz
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
| Aerial Silk
|Nati
|Bharatnatyam & Aerial
| Belly dancing
|Tandav & Nautanki
| West Coast Swing
| Kalbelia
|Latin
|Afro
|Cha-cha-cha
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|-
!Faisal & Vaishnavi
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Paso doble
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Freestyle
|Kalaripayatu
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
| {{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|
| Rock and Roll
| {{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Disco
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Freestyle
|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|-
! {{nowrap|Gashmeer & Romsha}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Jazz
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
| Freestyle
| Kollywood & Dappankuthu
| Afro, Salsa & Rumba
| Tapori, Lezim & Moonwalk
|{{CEmpty}}
|Argentine Tango
| Lyrical, Locking & popping
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Locking & Popping
|MJ
|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|-
! {{nowrap|Sriti & Vivek}}
|colspan="5" {{CEmpty}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Fusion{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Classical
|Indian semi-classical
| Hip Hop
|Aerial
| {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Indian semi-classical
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|-
!Nishant & Anuradha
|colspan="5" {{CEmpty}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Semi-classical{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|
|Yakshagana
| Belly Dance
|Broadway Jazz
| Lavani
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Cha-cha-cha
|Bhangra
|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|-
!Niti & Akash
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Jive
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Freestyle
| Garba & Dandiya Raas
| {{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|
|
| Cha-cha-cha
|Hip hop
| Salsa & {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Tango
| colspan="2" rowspan="10" |
|-
!Nia & Tarun
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Afro
| {{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}} & Aerial
|Acrobatics & Pole dance
| Classical
| Acrobatics & Waltz
|
|Tandav
| Salsa
| Tollywood
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}} & Aerial
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|-
!Amruta & Pratik
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Lavani{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Vogue & Waacking
|Sufi & Aerial
| Kathak & Bharatnatyam
| Gondhal & Jogwa
| Contemporary & Contortion
| Afro & Break Dancing
|Kathak & Classical
|Paso doble
| Breaking & MJ
| colspan="3" rowspan="8" |
|-
!Paras & Shweta
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Hip hop{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Tango
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Zumba
|Kathputli & Robotics
| Locking and popping
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|Raas & Fusion
|Waltz
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}} & {{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
|-
!Ada & Shyam
|colspan="5" {{CEmpty}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|
|
| Lyrical hip hop & Animation
| rowspan="6" |
|-
!Shilpa & Nishchal
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Freestyle
|{{Abbr|Contemp.|Contemporary}}
| {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Bhojpuri
|Paso doble & Samba
| colspan="3" rowspan="5" |
|-
!Zorawar & Suchitra
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
| {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|Disco
| Bhangra
|Freestyle
|-
!Dutee & Raveena
|colspan="2" {{CEmpty}}
| bgcolor="lightblue" |{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}{{efn||name=NoScore}}
|Freestyle
| bgcolor="lightblue" |Puli Kali{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| rowspan="3" |
|-
!Dheeraj & Sneha
| bgcolor="lightblue"|Aerial{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Disco & Salsa
| {{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
|-
!Ali & Lipsa
| bgcolor="lightblue"|Freestyle{{efn||name=NoScore}}
| Samba
|{{Abbr|Bolly.|Bollywood}}
|}
;Note
{{notelist}}

== Production ==
{{multiple image
| total_width = 450
| image1 = Maniesh-Paul-attend-the-grand-launch-party-of-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-Season-10.jpg
| image2 = Karan-Johar-attend-the-grand-launch-party-of-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-Season-10.jpg
| image3 = Madhuri-Dixit-snapped-on-sets-of-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-10-shoot-2.jpg
| image4 = Nora-Fatehi-attend-the-grand-launch-party-of-Jhalak-Dikhhla-Jaa-Season-10.jpg
| footer = (left to right) Host [[Manish Paul]], with judges [[Karan Johar]], [[Madhuri Dixit]] and [[Nora Fatehi]] of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10
| align = right
| direction =
}}
[[Colors TV]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-to-khatron-ke-khiladi-the-return-of-reality-shows-5151931.html|title=From Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa to Khatron Ke Khiladi: The Return Of Reality Shows|date=11 May 2022|website=News18|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813094308/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-to-khatron-ke-khiladi-the-return-of-reality-shows-5151931.html|url-status=live}}</ref> announced the comeback of series after a hiatus of five years in July 2022,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-to-return-after-five-years-with-madhuri-kjo-as-judges/articleshow/92974715.cms|title='Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa' to return after five years, judge Madhuri Dixit says 'It feels like homecoming to me' - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=19 July 2022|access-date=1 August 2022|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801030641/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-to-return-after-five-years-with-madhuri-kjo-as-judges/articleshow/92974715.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> with [[Manish Paul]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-has-maniesh-paul-agreed-to-host-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/93274222.cms|title=Exclusive - Has Maniesh Paul agreed to host Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10? - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=August 2022|access-date=1 August 2022|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801171025/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-has-maniesh-paul-agreed-to-host-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/articleshow/93274222.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> returning as host alongside [[Karan Johar]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-johar-joins-madhuri-dixit-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive/articleshow/92646030.cms|title=Karan Johar joins Madhuri Dixit to judge 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10'- Exclusive|website=The Times of India|date=4 July 2022|access-date=8 August 2022|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808123547/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-johar-joins-madhuri-dixit-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive/articleshow/92646030.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Madhuri Dixit]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/madhuri-dixit-will-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-as-the-show-returns-after-5-years-kajol-turned-it-down-exclusive/articleshow/92637564.cms|title=Madhuri Dixit will judge 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10' as the show returns after 5 years; Kajol turned it down?- Exclusive - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=4 July 2022|access-date=8 August 2022|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808124143/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/madhuri-dixit-will-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-as-the-show-returns-after-5-years-kajol-turned-it-down-exclusive/articleshow/92637564.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Nora Fatehi]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nora-fatehi-to-join-karan-johar-and-madhuri-dixit-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive/articleshow/92706165.cms|title=Nora Fatehi to join Karan Johar and Madhuri Dixit to judge 'Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10'- Exclusive|website=The Times of India|date=6 July 2022|access-date=8 August 2022|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808124556/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/nora-fatehi-to-join-karan-johar-and-madhuri-dixit-to-judge-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-exclusive/articleshow/92706165.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> on the judges panel.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-return-new-season-colors-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-judges-panel/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa to return with new season on Colors; Madhuri Dixit, Nora Fatehi and Karan Johar on judges panel|website=Bollywood Hungama|date=18 July 2022|access-date=13 August 2022|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813092537/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-return-new-season-colors-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-judges-panel/|url-status=live}}</ref> The press conference<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 launch: Rubina Dilaik, Nia Sharma, Dheeraj, Niti look lovely |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-launch-rubina-dilaik-nia-sharma-dheeraj-niti-look-lovely/videoshow/93801624.cms |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> and launch event<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/niti-nia-add-drama-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/20220829.htm|title=Niti, Nia Add DRAMA to Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|first=Rediff|last=Movies|website=Rediff|access-date=2 October 2022|archive-date=2 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002045202/https://www.rediff.com/movies/report/niti-nia-add-drama-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/20220829.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> for this season was held on 26 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-26 |title=From Rubina Dilaik celebrating her birthday to Nia Sharma's quirky hairdo; pics from Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10's starry launch |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-rubina-dilaik-celebrating-her-birthday-to-nia-sharmas-quirky-hairdo-pics-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10s-starry-launch/photostory/93805025.cms |access-date=2022-08-26 |website=The Times of India |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826160447/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/from-rubina-dilaik-celebrating-her-birthday-to-nia-sharmas-quirky-hairdo-pics-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10s-starry-launch/photostory/93805025.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

Speaking on the same, [[Chief content officer|Chief Content Officer]], Manisha Sharma, of [[Viacom18]] said, "while five years is a big gap, the show has always had its audience, this is one of the most successful entertainment formats on Indian television and we are relishing our long-lasting relationship with BBC Worldwide Productions and look forward to many more such successful associations with them".<ref>{{Cite web |first=Sneha |last=Kumari |date=2022-09-08 |title=Reality TV shows to attract surreal attention from brands this festive season |url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/09/reality-tv-shows-to-attract-surreal-attention-from-brands-this-festive-season |access-date=2022-09-24 |website=www.bestmediainfo.com |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924104208/https://bestmediainfo.com/2022/09/reality-tv-shows-to-attract-surreal-attention-from-brands-this-festive-season |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-08 |title=Colors bets on JDJ10 to bolster weekend primetime |url=https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-bets-on-jdj10-to-bolster-weekend-primetime/ |access-date= |website= |language=en-US |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924104500/https://www.medianews4u.com/colors-bets-on-jdj10-to-bolster-weekend-primetime/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[principal photography]] of the series commenced in August 2022 in [[Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-johar-madhuri-dixit-begin-shoot-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-photos-from-set/articleshow/93369610.cms|title=Karan Johar, Madhuri Dixit begin shoot for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10; photos from set - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=5 August 2022|access-date=5 August 2022|archive-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805135116/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/karan-johar-madhuri-dixit-begin-shoot-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-photos-from-set/articleshow/93369610.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> Dixit, Fatehi and Johar, had been spotted shooting on Friday 5 August 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/nora-fatehi-and-madhuri-dixit-spotted-at-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-fans-says-most-beautiful-women-101659699448952.html|title=Nora Fatehi and Madhuri Dixit spotted at Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 shoot in Mumbai; fans says 'most beautiful women'|date=5 August 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=5 August 2022|archive-date=5 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805135852/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/nora-fatehi-and-madhuri-dixit-spotted-at-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-fans-says-most-beautiful-women-101659699448952.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The shooting for the premiere week episodes started on 24 August 2022 at [[Film City, Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-rubina-dilaik-nia-sharma-sizzle-shimmery-attire-gear-up-for-shooting-pics-videos-2022-08-24-802646|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Rubina Dilaik, Nia Sharma sizzle in shimmery attire as they gear up for shoot | PICS|first=Prerna|last=Yadav|date=24 August 2022|website=www.indiatvnews.com|access-date=24 August 2022|archive-date=24 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824160548/https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/tv/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-rubina-dilaik-nia-sharma-sizzle-shimmery-attire-gear-up-for-shooting-pics-videos-2022-08-24-802646|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rubina Dilaik, Paras Kalnawat and more look all glam as they begin shoot for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10; WATCH|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/rubina-dilaik-paras-kalnawat-and-more-look-all-glam-they-begin-shoot-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-1181677|access-date=2022-08-24|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=24 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824223242/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/rubina-dilaik-paras-kalnawat-and-more-look-all-glam-they-begin-shoot-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-1181677|url-status=live}}</ref> The contestants and judges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/how-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-lit-up-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-10-set-103198|title=How Madhuri Dixit, Nora Fatehi, Karan Johar Lit Up Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 10 Set|website=NDTV.com|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910031938/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/how-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-karan-johar-lit-up-jhalak-dikhla-jaa-10-set-103198|url-status=live}}</ref> were snapped shooting for the Retro Special<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-slays-red-saree-nora-fatehi-redefines-boldness-six-yards-pics-1187887|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Madhuri Dixit slays in red saree, Nora Fatehi redefines boldness in six yards; PICS|date=5 September 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910032127/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news-gossip/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-slays-red-saree-nora-fatehi-redefines-boldness-six-yards-pics-1187887|url-status=live}}</ref> week episodes which started on 5 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-and-madhuri-dixit-turn-retro-goddesses-in-stylish-sarees-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-check-out-pics-101662366340559.html|title=Nora Fatehi and Madhuri Dixit turn retro goddesses in stylish sarees for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Check out pics|date=5 September 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=10 September 2022|archive-date=10 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220910032206/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-and-madhuri-dixit-turn-retro-goddesses-in-stylish-sarees-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-check-out-pics-101662366340559.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/videos/karan-johar-spotted-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-654065|title=करण जौहर झलक दिखला जा 10 के सेट पर आए नजर, पोज देने के मूड में दिखे वीडियो - हिन्दी न्यूज़ वीडियो एनडीटीवी ख़बर|website=ndtv.in|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923021901/https://ndtv.in/videos/karan-johar-spotted-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-654065|url-status=live}}</ref> and contestants<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-dheeraj-dhoopar-carries-on-with-his-performance-despite-injury-23245960|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: Dheeraj Dhoopar carries on with his performance despite injury|date=15 September 2022|website=Mid-day|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923175430/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-dheeraj-dhoopar-carries-on-with-his-performance-despite-injury-23245960|url-status=live}}</ref> were spotted shooting for the Family Special<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ndtv.in/videos/nora-fatehi-adds-a-dash-of-bling-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-654068|title=नोरा फतेही का झलक दिखला जा 10 के सेट पर दिखा जलवा वीडियो - हिन्दी न्यूज़ वीडियो एनडीटीवी ख़बर|website=ndtv.in|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923022026/https://ndtv.in/videos/nora-fatehi-adds-a-dash-of-bling-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-654068|url-status=live}}</ref> week episodes which started on 13 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/from-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-and-karan-johar-103254|title=From The Sets Of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Madhuri Dixit, Nora Fatehi And Karan Johar|website=NDTV.com|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923022208/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/from-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-nora-fatehi-and-karan-johar-103254|url-status=live}}</ref> The contestants and judges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/how-madhuri-dixit-and-nora-fatehi-lit-up-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-set-103291|title=How Madhuri Dixit And Nora Fatehi Lit Up Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Set|website=NDTV.com|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923024051/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/how-madhuri-dixit-and-nora-fatehi-lit-up-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-set-103291|url-status=live}}</ref> were snapped shooting for the Bollywood Special<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/karan-johar-calls-maniesh-pauls-clothes-gandi-copy-of-ranveer-singh-nora-fatehi-a-chandelier-watch-8163482/|title=Karan Johar calls Maniesh Paul's clothes 'gandi copy' of Ranveer Singh, Nora Fatehi a 'chandelier'. Watch|date=21 September 2022|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923024348/https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/karan-johar-calls-maniesh-pauls-clothes-gandi-copy-of-ranveer-singh-nora-fatehi-a-chandelier-watch-8163482/|url-status=live}}</ref> week episodes which started on 20 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/video/nora-fatehi-madhuri-dixit-and-others-on-the-set-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-1070064|title=Nora Fatehi, Madhuri Dixit And Others On The Set of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa|via=www.mid-day.com|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=23 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923024617/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/video/nora-fatehi-madhuri-dixit-and-others-on-the-set-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-1070064|url-status=live}}</ref> The judges and contestants<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/madhuri-dixit-embraces-navratri-festive-vibes-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-in-floral-print-lehenga-choli-all-pics-inside-101664264513699.html|title=Madhuri Dixit embraces Navratri festive vibes for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 in floral print lehenga choli: All pics inside|date=27 September 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927082609/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/madhuri-dixit-embraces-navratri-festive-vibes-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-in-floral-print-lehenga-choli-all-pics-inside-101664264513699.html|url-status=live}}</ref> were spotted shooting for the Jhalak of India Special<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/madhuri-dixit-drops-perfect-garba-look-for-this-navratri-karan-johar-gives-jethalal-run-for-his-money-6046519.html|title=Madhuri Dixit Drops Perfect Garba Look For This Navratri, Karan Johar Gives Jethalal Run For His Money|date=27 September 2022|website=News18|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927082848/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/madhuri-dixit-drops-perfect-garba-look-for-this-navratri-karan-johar-gives-jethalal-run-for-his-money-6046519.html|url-status=live}}</ref> week episodes which started on 27 September 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/navratri-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-how-madhuri-dixit-rashmika-mandanna-and-others-lit-up-the-set-103360|title=Navratri On Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: How Madhuri Dixit, Rashmika Mandanna And Others Lit Up The Set|website=NDTV.com|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927150803/https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/navratri-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-how-madhuri-dixit-rashmika-mandanna-and-others-lit-up-the-set-103360|url-status=live}}</ref> The contestants<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-nia-sharma-tries-to-fly-like-a-bird-in-dress-made-of-feathers-watch-video-6098353.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Nia Sharma Tries To Fly Like A Bird In Dress Made Of Feathers; Watch Video|date=4 October 2022|website=News18|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008040232/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-nia-sharma-tries-to-fly-like-a-bird-in-dress-made-of-feathers-watch-video-6098353.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and judges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-madhuri-dixit-latest-pics-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-see-here-2230282|title=पिंक साड़ी में दिखा माधुरी दीक्षित का ग्लैमरस लुक, 'झलक दिखला जा' के सेट से सामने आईं ये फोटो|first=A. B. P.|last=Live|date=4 October 2022|website=www.abplive.com|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008040416/https://www.abplive.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood-madhuri-dixit-latest-pics-from-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-set-see-here-2230282|url-status=live}}</ref> were snapped shooting for the Kapoor Special<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-kapoor-special-episode-alia-ranbirs-shaadi-to-madhuris-gift-5-best-moments-1193888|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 'Kapoor Special' Episode: Alia-Ranbir's shaadi to Madhuri's gift, 5 best moments|date=6 October 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008040855/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-kapoor-special-episode-alia-ranbirs-shaadi-to-madhuris-gift-5-best-moments-1193888|url-status=live}}</ref> week episodes which started on 4 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/tv/celebs-spotted-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-video/videoshow/94645034.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhla Jaa 10 के सेट पर स्पॉट हुए सेलेब्स, देखें वीडियो|website=Navbharat Times|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008040718/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/video/tv/celebs-spotted-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-video/videoshow/94645034.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The contestants<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/nora-fatehi-rubina-dilaik-other-arrive-in-style-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/videoshow/94789689.cms|title=Nora Fatehi, Rubina Dilaik & other arrive in style on the sets of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 | TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018023746/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/nora-fatehi-rubina-dilaik-other-arrive-in-style-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/videoshow/94789689.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> and judges<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-turns-apsara-in-a-sizzling-embellished-saree-and-blouse-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-all-pics-videos-101665541740743.html|title=Nora Fatehi turns apsara in a sizzling embellished saree and blouse for Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 shoot: All pics, videos|date=12 October 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018023338/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-turns-apsara-in-a-sizzling-embellished-saree-and-blouse-for-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-all-pics-videos-101665541740743.html|url-status=live}}</ref> were spotted shooting for the Desh Ki Demand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karan-johar-says-he-s-numb-after-seeing-performance-dedicated-to-lgbtq-101665741803652.html|title=Emotional Karan Johar says 'mai khud inn galiyon se guzar chuka hoon' on watching Jhalak performance for LGBTQ community|date=14 October 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018024340/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/karan-johar-says-he-s-numb-after-seeing-performance-dedicated-to-lgbtq-101665741803652.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Special week episodes which started on 11 October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/madhuri-dixit-brings-festive-joy-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-in-embellished-kurta-jacket-and-sharara-see-pics-video-101665478800115.html|title=Madhuri Dixit brings festive joy to Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 in embellished kurta jacket and sharara: See pics, video|date=11 October 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=18 October 2022|archive-date=18 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018024527/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/madhuri-dixit-brings-festive-joy-to-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-in-embellished-kurta-jacket-and-sharara-see-pics-video-101665478800115.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Grand Finale shooting<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/gashmeer-on-performing-to-prabhudevas-urvashi-song-in-the-finale-it-has-always-been-my-dream/videoshow/95746086.cms|title=Gashmeer on performing to Prabhudeva's Urvashi song in the finale: It has always been my dream | TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126023458/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/gashmeer-on-performing-to-prabhudevas-urvashi-song-in-the-finale-it-has-always-been-my-dream/videoshow/95746086.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> was held on 22 November 2022<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/nishant-bhat-on-being-elated-with-participating-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10s-finale/videoshow/95750203.cms|title=Nishant Bhat on being elated with participating in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10's finale | TV - Times of India Videos|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126023258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/tv/hindi/nishant-bhat-on-being-elated-with-participating-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10s-finale/videoshow/95750203.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> in [[Film City, Mumbai]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-grand-finale-fan-girl-niti-taylor-cant-stop-gushing-after-meetig-varun-dhawan-pic-1200575|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 Grand Finale: 'Fan girl' Niti Taylor can't stop gushing after meetig Varun Dhawan; PIC|date=25 November 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=26 November 2022|archive-date=26 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126022955/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-grand-finale-fan-girl-niti-taylor-cant-stop-gushing-after-meetig-varun-dhawan-pic-1200575|url-status=live}}</ref> On 25 July 2022, a promo revealing the season's logo was released on [[Colors TV]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/a-new-galaxy-with-dancing-stars-a-look-at-colors-campaign-to-unveil-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-10/93967088|title=A new galaxy with dancing stars! A look at Colors' campaign to unveil Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 10 - ET BrandEquity|website=ETBrandEquity.com|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904075621/https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/industry/a-new-galaxy-with-dancing-stars-a-look-at-colors-campaign-to-unveil-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-season-10/93967088|url-status=live}}</ref> official [[Instagram]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CgbZsugjUd4/|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|website=www.instagram.com|access-date=1 August 2022|archive-date=1 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801030046/https://www.instagram.com/p/CgbZsugjUd4/|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Twitter]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/ColorsTV/status/1551494775496650752?|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|website=www.twitter.com|access-date=1 August 2022|archive-date=25 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725091014/https://twitter.com/ColorsTV/status/1551494775496650752|url-status=live}}</ref> handles.

== Episodes ==
{{Episode table|background=#FF52AF |overall=|title=|airdate=|airdateR=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jiocinema.com/episodes/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/365/10/0/0|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa Season 10|website=www.jiocinema.com|access-date=4 September 2022|archive-date=4 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904014346/https://www.jiocinema.com/episodes/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/365/10/0/0|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/100740|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa S10|website=www.voot.com|access-date=27 August 2022|archive-date=27 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220827051239/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/100740|url-status=live}}</ref>|country=India|episodes=

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 1
|Title = Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: Grand Opening
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|03|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/100740/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-grand-opening/1365568 |title=E1 - Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa: Grand Opening |website=www.voot.com |access-date=4 September 2022 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904013820/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/100740/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-grand-opening/1365568 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 2
|Title = Nia-Tarun's fierce vibe!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|04|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/nia-tarun-s-fierce-vibe/1365874 |title=E2 - Nia-Tarun's fierce vibe! |website=www.voot.com |access-date=11 September 2022 |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911024948/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/nia-tarun-s-fierce-vibe/1365874 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 3
|Title = Gashmeer vs Amruta
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|10|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/gashmeer-vs-amruta/1368589 |title=E3 - Gashmeer vs Amruta |website=www.voot.com |access-date=11 September 2022 |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911024721/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/gashmeer-vs-amruta/1368589 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 4
|Title = The retro night special
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|11|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-retro-night-special/1368874|title=E4 - The Retro Night Special|website=www.voot.com|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912004745/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-retro-night-special/1368874|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 5
|Title = Rubina's gutsy marital story
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|17|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rubina-s-gutsy-marital-story/1371523 |title=E5 - Rubina's gutsy marital story |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=18 September 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920170504/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rubina-s-gutsy-marital-story/1371523 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 6
|Title = Amruta's tribute to her mother
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|18|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/amruta-s-tribute-to-her-mother/1371854 |title=E6 - Amruta's inspiring performance! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=24 September 2022 |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924130247/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/amruta-s-tribute-to-her-mother/1371854 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 7
|Title = Rohit Shetty's Khatarnak challenges
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|24|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rohit-shetty-s-khatarnak-challenges/1374459 |title=E7 - Rohit Shetty's Khatarnak challenges |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925003734/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rohit-shetty-s-khatarnak-challenges/1374459 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 8
|Title = Madhuri's mesmerising performance
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|09|25|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/madhuri-s-mesmerising-performance/1374738 |title=E8 - Madhuri's mesmerising performance |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=25 September 2022 |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925233616/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/madhuri-s-mesmerising-performance/1374738 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 9
|Title = Rashmika Mandanna on the show!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|01|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rashmika-mandanna-on-the-show/1377063 |title=E9 - Rashmika Mandanna on the show! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=2 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002015823/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/rashmika-mandanna-on-the-show/1377063 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 10
|Title = Tejas-Gunjan scorch the stage!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|02|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/tejas-gunjan-scorch-the-stage/1377339 |title=E10 - Tejas-Gunjan scorch the stage! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=3 October 2022 |archive-date=3 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003021916/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/tejas-gunjan-scorch-the-stage/1377339 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 11
|Title = Aaj ke sham, Neetu ke naam!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|08|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/aaj-ke-sham-neetu-ke-naam/1379854 |title=E11 - Aaj ke sham, Neetu ke naam! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009083101/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/aaj-ke-sham-neetu-ke-naam/1379854 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 12
|Title = Amruta-Pratik's Spine-Chilling Act
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|09|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/amruta-pratik-s-spine-chilling-act/1380245 |title=E12 - Amruta-Pratik's spine-chilling act |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010064233/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/amruta-pratik-s-spine-chilling-act/1380245 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 13
|Title = Sidharth Graces The Show
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|15|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/sidharth-graces-the-show/1382894 |title=E13 - Sidharth Graces The Show |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=16 October 2022 |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016040715/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/sidharth-graces-the-show/1382894 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 14
|Title = Parineeti praises Faisal!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|16|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/parineeti-praises-faisal/1383207 |title=E14 - Parineeti praises Faisal! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=17 October 2022 |archive-date=17 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017015529/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/parineeti-praises-faisal/1383207 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 15
|Title = Diwali special on Jhalak
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|22|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/diwali-special-on-jhalak/1386129 |title=E15 - Diwali special on Jhalak |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023004244/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/diwali-special-on-jhalak/1386129 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 16
|Title = Aao manaye Choti Diwali!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|23|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/aao-manaye-choti-diwali/1386490 |title=E16 - Aao manaye Choti Diwali! |website=www.voot.com |language=en |access-date=24 October 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024012236/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/aao-manaye-choti-diwali/1386490 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 17
|Title = Janhvi's Dream Comes True!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|29|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E17 - Janhvi's Dream Comes True!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/janhvi-s-dream-comes-true/1389297|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=30 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030000444/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/janhvi-s-dream-comes-true/1389297|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 18
|Title = A Double XL twist!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|10|30|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E18 - A Double XL twist!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/a-double-xl-twist/1389625|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=30 October 2022|archive-date=30 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030180920/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/a-double-xl-twist/1389625|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 19
|Title = It's Time for Adla-Badli Week!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|05|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E19 - It's Time for Adla-Badli Week!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/it-s-time-for-the-adla-badli-week/1392425|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=5 November 2022|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105205215/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/it-s-time-for-the-adla-badli-week/1392425|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 20
|Title = Karan announces the results!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|06|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E20 - Karan announces the results!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/karan-announces-the-results/1392717|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=7 November 2022|archive-date=7 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107000638/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/karan-announces-the-results/1392717|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 21
|Title = The 90s Special Night!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|12|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E21 - The 90s Special Night!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-90s-special-night/1395335|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=13 November 2022|archive-date=13 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113040137/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-90s-special-night/1395335|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 22
|Title = A ticket to the finale week!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|13|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E22 - A ticket to the finale week!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/a-ticket-to-the-finale-week/1395674|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=14 November 2022|archive-date=14 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221114004727/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/a-ticket-to-the-finale-week/1395674|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 23
|Title = Kajol graces the semi-finale!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|19|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E23 - Kajol graces the semi-finale!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/kajol-graces-the-semi-finale/1399114|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=27 November 2022|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127015009/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/kajol-graces-the-semi-finale/1399114|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 24
|Title = Vicky-Madhuri's sizzling chemistry
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|20|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E24 - Vicky-Madhuri's sizzling chemistry|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/vicky-madhuri-s-sizzling-chemistry/1399395|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=27 November 2022|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127015001/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/vicky-madhuri-s-sizzling-chemistry/1399395|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 25
|Title = The Grand Finale begins!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|26|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E25 : The Grand Finale begins!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-grand-finale-begins/1402620|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=27 November 2022|archive-date=27 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127014738/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-grand-finale-begins/1402620|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber = 26
|Title = The final showdown!
|OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|2022|11|27|df=y}}<ref>{{Cite web|title=E26 - The final showdown!|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-final-showdown/1403105|website=www.voot.com|language=en|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128021246/https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/10/1349650/the-final-showdown/1403105|url-status=live}}</ref>
|ShortSummary =
|LineColor = 000
}}

}}

==Guest appearances==
{| border="2" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0;font-size:85%; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; width:100%;"
! bgcolor="FF52AF" |'''{{Font color|black|Week(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="#FF52AF" |'''{{Font color|black|Episode(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="#FF52AF" |'''{{Font color|black|Guest(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="#FF52AF" |'''{{Font color|black|Note(s)}}'''
! bgcolor="#FF52AF" |'''{{Font color|black|Ref.}}'''
|-
|rowspan=7| Week 3
|rowspan=7| Episodes 5-6
|Vinay Sharma, Usha Sharma
|To support their daughter and sister respectively [[Nia Sharma]]
|rowspan=7|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dihhla Jaa 10: Ali Asgar's daughter leaves him teary eyed, says "What he did is not everybody's cup of tea|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-ali-asgars-daughter-leaves-him-teary-eyed-says-what-he-did-is-not-everybodys-cup-of-tea/articleshow/94262557.cms|access-date=2022-09-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119033435/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-ali-asgars-daughter-leaves-him-teary-eyed-says-what-he-did-is-not-everybodys-cup-of-tea/articleshow/94262557.cms|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Paras Kalnawat, Ali Asgar Rubina Dilaik, Shilpa Shinde: Contestants pay tribute to their loved ones in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/paras-kalnawat-ali-asgar-rubina-dilaik-shilpa-shinde-contestants-pay-tribute-loved-ones-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/|access-date=2022-09-26|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|archive-date=17 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220917143615/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/paras-kalnawat-ali-asgar-rubina-dilaik-shilpa-shinde-contestants-pay-tribute-loved-ones-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Madhu Mahajani
|To support her son [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
|-
|Anita Kalnawat, Pragati Kalnawat Sharma, Navjot Sharma
|To support their son, brother and brother-in-law respectively [[Paras Kalnawat]]
|-
|Team 07
|To support their teammate Faisal Shaikh
|-
|Gauri Khanvilkar
|To support her daughter [[Amruta Khanvilkar]]
|-
|Randhir Sinha
|To support his daughter Gunjan Sinha
|-
|Ada Asgar, Nuyaan Asgar
|To support their father [[Ali Asgar (actor)|Ali Asgar]] on video call
|-
|rowspan=4| Week 4
| Episodes 7-8
|[[Rohit Shetty]]
|rowspan=3|In merger episode of ''[[Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 12]]'' Finale
|rowspan=3|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 and Khatron Ke Khiladi 12 Mahasangam: Rohit Shetty hails Mr. Faisu's performance|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-and-khatron-ke-khiladi-12-mahasangam-rohit-shetty-hails-mr-faisus-performance-1191596|access-date=2022-09-24|website=Pinkvilla|language=en|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924200410/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-and-khatron-ke-khiladi-12-mahasangam-rohit-shetty-hails-mr-faisus-performance-1191596|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rohit-shetty-is-impressed-with-inspiring-journey-of-faisal-shaikh-news-225098|title=Rohit Shetty Is Impressed With 'Inspiring' Journey Of Faisal Shaikh|date=22 September 2022|website=Outlook India|language=en|access-date=24 September 2022|archive-date=24 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924172607/https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/rohit-shetty-is-impressed-with-inspiring-journey-of-faisal-shaikh-news-225098|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan=2| Episode 7
|[[Jannat Zubair Rahmani]]
|-
|[[Tushar Kalia]]
|-
|Episode 8
|Monalisa
|To support her partner [[Dutee Chand]] on video call
|
|-
|rowspan=2| Week 5
|Episode 9
|[[Rashmika Mandanna]]
|To promote ''[[Goodbye (2022 film)|Goodbye]]'' film
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/rashmika-mandanna-merges-casual-and-comfy-vibes-in-t-shirt-denim-shorts-101664281274090.html|title=Rashmika Mandanna merges casual and comfy vibes in T-shirt, denim shorts|date=27 September 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927150426/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/rashmika-mandanna-merges-casual-and-comfy-vibes-in-t-shirt-denim-shorts-101664281274090.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Episode 10
|[[Gajraj Rao]]
|To promote ''[[Maja Ma]]'' film
|
|-
|rowspan=3|Week 6
|rowspan=2| Episode 11
|[[Neetu Kapoor]]
|For Kapoor Special
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-sends-lord-krishna-idol-to-parents-to-be-alia-bhatt-ranbir-kapoor-6115813.html|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Madhuri Dixit Sends Lord Krishna Idol to Parents-to-Be Alia Bhatt, Ranbir Kapoor|date=7 October 2022|website=News18|access-date=8 October 2022|archive-date=8 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008034900/https://www.news18.com/news/movies/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-madhuri-dixit-sends-lord-krishna-idol-to-parents-to-be-alia-bhatt-ranbir-kapoor-6115813.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Kili Paul
|To interact with the participants
|
|-
|Episode 12
|[[Anu Malik]]
|To support his daughter Ada Malik
|
|-
|rowspan=5|Week 7
|rowspan=2|Episode 13
|[[Sidharth Malhotra]]
|To celebrate his tenth anniversary in the industry
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sidharth-malhotra-blushes-as-karan-johar-mentions-kiara-advani-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-2285278-2022-10-14|title=Sidharth Malhotra blushes as Karan Johar mentions Kiara Advani in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10. Watch|website=India Today|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014091139/https://www.indiatoday.in/television/reality-tv/story/sidharth-malhotra-blushes-as-karan-johar-mentions-kiara-advani-in-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-watch-2285278-2022-10-14|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]], [[Siddharth Nigam]]
|To support their student and friend respectively [[Paras Kalnawat]] via video call
|
|-
|rowspan=3|Episode 14
|[[Harrdy Sandhu]], [[Parineeti Chopra]]
|To promote ''[[Code Name: Tiranga]]'' film
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-s10-contestants-gashmeer-mahajani-and-amruta-khanvilkar-get-grooving-in-special-episodes/cid/1891961|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa S10: Contestants Gashmeer Mahajani and Amruta Khanvilkar get grooving in special episodes|website=www.telegraphindia.com|access-date=15 October 2022|archive-date=15 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015155228/https://www.telegraphindia.com/entertainment/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-s10-contestants-gashmeer-mahajani-and-amruta-khanvilkar-get-grooving-in-special-episodes/cid/1891961|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Bhat Family
|To support Nishant Bhat
|
|-
|Jyotika Dilaik, Rajat Sharma
|To support their sister and sister-in-law respectively [[Rubina Dilaik]]
|
|-
|Week 8
|Episodes 15-16
|[[Arun Govil]], [[Dipika Chikhlia]]
|To interact and celebrate ''[[Diwali]]'' with the participants
|<ref>{{Cite web|title='Ram' Arun Govil and 'Sita' Dipika Chikhlia will be seen once again on TV as Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 guests. Watch|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/ram-arun-govil-and-sita-dipika-chikhlia-to-appear-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-101666264588930.html|access-date=2022-10-20|website=The Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020181908/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/ram-arun-govil-and-sita-dipika-chikhlia-to-appear-on-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-101666264588930.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="3" |Week 9
| Episodes 17-18
|[[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]
|To replace [[Nora Fatehi]] as judge for Week 9
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Paras Kalnawat reveals how Terence Lewis has been a guiding force in his career; says, "Looked back just to see how far I've come"|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-paras-kalnawat-reveals-how-terence-lewis-has-been-a-guiding-force-in-his-career-says-looked-back-just-to-see-how-far-ive-come/articleshow/95104376.cms|access-date=2022-10-26|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119033531/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-paras-kalnawat-reveals-how-terence-lewis-has-been-a-guiding-force-in-his-career-says-looked-back-just-to-see-how-far-ive-come/articleshow/95104376.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Episode 17
|[[Janhvi Kapoor]]
|To promote ''[[Mili (2022 film)|Mili]]'' film
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Janhvi Kapoor: 'मिली' के प्रमोशन में पहुंचीं जाह्नवी कपूर, सोशल मीडिया पर छाया एक्ट्रेस का रेड हॉट लुक|url=https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/janhvi-kapoor-reached-the-promotion-of-mili-the-red-hot-look-of-the-shadow-actress-on-social-media/videoshow/95103157.cms|access-date=2022-10-27|website=Navbharat Times|language=hindi|archive-date=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123050/https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/entertainment/janhvi-kapoor-reached-the-promotion-of-mili-the-red-hot-look-of-the-shadow-actress-on-social-media/videoshow/95103157.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Episode 18
|[[Sonakshi Sinha]], [[Huma Qureshi]]
|To promote ''[[Double XL]]'' film
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-sonakshi-sinha-huma-qureshi-snapped-promoting-film-double-xl-sets-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/|title=Photos: Sonakshi Sinha, Huma Qureshi snapped promoting their film Double XL on the sets of Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|website=Bollywood Hungama|access-date=2022-10-25|language=en|archive-date=25 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025133300/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/parties-and-events/photos-sonakshi-sinha-huma-qureshi-snapped-promoting-film-double-xl-sets-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="2" |Week 10
| rowspan="2" |Episode 19-20
|[[Arjun Bijlani]]
|To replace [[Manish Paul]] as host for Week 10
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-maniesh-paul-to-skip-the-upcoming-episode-due-to-health-issues-arjun-bijlani-takes-his-place/articleshow/95275201.cms|title=Exclusive - Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Maniesh Paul to skip the upcoming episode due to health issues; Arjun Bijlani takes his place - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=3 November 2022|archive-date=24 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124025842/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-maniesh-paul-to-skip-the-upcoming-episode-due-to-health-issues-arjun-bijlani-takes-his-place/articleshow/95275201.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Salman Yusuff Khan]], [[Punit Pathak]]
|As guest judges for "Adla-Badli" special
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Rubina Dilaik and Sriti Jha face mishap during their performance|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-rubina-dilaik-sriti-jha-face-mishap-performance/|access-date=2022-11-05|website=Bollywood Hungama|language=en|archive-date=5 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105025120/https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-rubina-dilaik-sriti-jha-face-mishap-performance/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="3"|Week 11
|Episode 21-22
|[[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]
|To replace [[Karan Johar]] as judge for a week
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10: Choreographer Terence Lewis to replace judge Karan Johar on the show; read|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-choreographer-terence-lewis-to-replace-judge-karan-johar-on-the-show-read/articleshow/95395466.cms|access-date=2022-11-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119033524/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-choreographer-terence-lewis-to-replace-judge-karan-johar-on-the-show-read/articleshow/95395466.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Episode 21
|[[Ajay Devgn]], [[Tabu (actress)|Tabu]]
|To promote [[Drishyam 2]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|title=Childhood friends Ajay Devgn looks handsome in a blue suit whereas Tabu makes heads turn in a black and gold saree|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/childhood-friends-ajay-devgn-looks-handsome-in-a-blue-suit-whereas-tabu-makes-heads-turn-in-a-black-and-gold-saree/videoshow/95390883.cms|access-date=2022-11-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|archive-date=19 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119033436/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/videos/entertainment/hindi/childhood-friends-ajay-devgn-looks-handsome-in-a-blue-suit-whereas-tabu-makes-heads-turn-in-a-black-and-gold-saree/videoshow/95390883.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|Episode 22
|[[Vishal Mishra (composer)|Vishal Mishra]]
|To promote the song ''Aao Naa''
|
|-
| rowspan="6" |Week 12
| rowspan="3" |Episode 23
|[[Kajol]]
|To promote [[Salaam Venky]]
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-and-kajol-steal-the-show-in-gorgeous-outfits-at-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-all-pics-and-videos-inside-101668511749577.html|title=Nora Fatehi and Kajol steal the show in gorgeous outfits at Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 shoot: All pics and videos inside|date=15 November 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=20 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221120015920/https://www.hindustantimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/nora-fatehi-and-kajol-steal-the-show-in-gorgeous-outfits-at-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-shoot-all-pics-and-videos-inside-101668511749577.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Krystle D'Souza]]
|To support her friend [[Nia Sharma]]
|
|-
|[[Abhinav Shukla]]
|To support his wife [[Rubina Dilaik]]
|
|-
|rowspan="3"|Episode 24
|[[Bhumi Pednekar]], [[Vicky Kaushal]], [[Shashank Khaitan]]
|To promote ''[[Govinda Naam Mera]]'' film
|<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/madhuri-dixit-and-vicky-kaushal-dance-together-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-101668747356866.html|title=Madhuri Dixit and Vicky Kaushal groove together to Mere Samnewali Khidki Mein on Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10, fans say 'cute'|date=18 November 2022|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=19 November 2022|archive-date=19 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119141128/https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/tv/madhuri-dixit-and-vicky-kaushal-dance-together-on-the-sets-of-jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-101668747356866.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|[[Shabir Ahluwalia]], Rajiv Adatia
|To support their friend [[Sriti Jha]] via video message
|
|-
|Siddhartha Dey
|Team support their writer
|
|-
|rowspan="7"| Finale Week
|rowspan="4"| Episode 25
|[[Ayushmann Khurrana]], [[Jaideep Ahlawat]]
|To promote [[An Action Hero]]
|
|-
|Madhu Mahajani
|To support her son [[Gashmeer Mahajani]]
|
|-
|[[Fahmaan Khan]]
|To promote ''[[Pyar Ke Saat Vachan Dharampatnii]]''
|
|-
|[[Samir Modi|Samir Kumaar Modi]]
| To award [[Rubina Dilaik]] for ''Colorbar PowerKiss Dancing Diva''
|
|-
| rowspan="3"| Episode 26
| [[Kriti Sanon]], [[Varun Dhawan]]
|To promote film ''[[Bhediya (film)|Bhediya]]''
|
|-
| [[Terence Lewis (choreographer)|Terence Lewis]]
|To support contestants in ''Finale''
|
|-
|[[Salman Khan]]
|To support and motivate ''Top 3''
|}

== Reception ==
{{Film and game ratings
| rev1 = [[Mid-Day]]
| rev1score = {{Rating|3|5}}
| rev2 = [[Rediff.com]]
| rev2score = {{Rating|3|5}}
}}

===Critical response===
[[Mid-Day]] called it an "entertaining ride", and particularly noted the VFX and the "glittering set [which] is high on opulence", but faulted it for its "heavy-handed dose of drama".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-review-weekly-dose-of-sparkle-and-showmanship-23246600|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 Review: Weekly dose of sparkle and showmanship|date=20 September 2022|website=Mid-day|access-date=21 September 2022|archive-date=21 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921165257/https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-review-weekly-dose-of-sparkle-and-showmanship-23246600|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Rediff.com]], reviewing the first two episodes, deemed them "not just high on entertainment, but also on dance".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/jhalak-dikhlaa-jaa-10-review/20220905.htm|title=Jhalak Dikhlaa Jaa 10 Review|first=Namrata|last=Thakker|website=Rediff|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912160933/https://www.rediff.com/movies/review/jhalak-dikhlaa-jaa-10-review/20220905.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[The Times of India]] lauded the comeback, calling it "worth the wait", with participants who "prove their mettle" and "give a tough competition".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-review-with-celebrities-flawless-performances-the-shows-comeback-after-5-years-makes-it-worth-the-wait/articleshow/94158177.cms|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 review: With celebrities' flawless performances the show's comeback after 5 years makes it worth the wait - Times of India|website=The Times of India|access-date=12 September 2022|archive-date=12 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912154320/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-review-with-celebrities-flawless-performances-the-shows-comeback-after-5-years-makes-it-worth-the-wait/articleshow/94158177.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[Pinkvilla]], reviewing the Grand Finale episode, called it a "dance extravaganza and all glitz and glam", with an "entertainment quotient just kept increasing".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-grand-finale-episode-review-screams-high-on-glamour-and-entertainment-1200882|title=Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10 Grand Finale episode review: Screams high on glamour and entertainment|date=28 November 2022|website=PINKVILLA|access-date=28 November 2022|archive-date=28 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128032446/https://www.pinkvilla.com/tv/news/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-10-grand-finale-episode-review-screams-high-on-glamour-and-entertainment-1200882|url-status=live}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10|Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 10)}}
* [https://www.colorstv.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa-2/ ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10''] at [[Colors TV]]
* [https://www.voot.com/shows/jhalak-dikhhla-jaa/100740 ''Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 10''] on [[Voot]]

{{Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa}}
{{Dancing with the Stars}}
{{Colors Programmes}}
{{Portal bar|India|Television}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa (season 10)}}
[[Category:2022 Indian television seasons]]
[[Category:Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa seasons]]
[[Category:Colors TV original programming]]

Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole

2026-03-02T04:33:03Z

King42: cleanup section for accuracy

{{Short description|Portuguese-based creole of western India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2017}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Expand Portuguese}}
{{Infobox language
|name = Daman and Diu Portuguese
|nativename = {{lang|idb-IN|Língua da Casa}}
|region = [[Damaon, Diu & Silvassa]], especially in the [[Daman district, India|Damaon]] and [[Diu district]]s.
|states = India
|speakers = 4,000 in Daman district and ca. 180 in Diu district
|date=2010
|ref=<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.openthemagazine.com/article/art-culture/the-death-of-an-indian-born-language |title=The Death of an Indian-born Language |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo |date=30 October 2010 |website=Open Magazine}}</ref>
|familycolor = Creole
|fam1 = [[Portuguese creole]]
|fam2 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Indo-Portuguese]]
|fam3 = [[Indo-Portuguese Creoles|Northern Indo-Portuguese]]
|isoexception=dialect
|ietf=idb-u-sd-indh
|glotto=dama1278
|glottorefname=Daman-Diu Portuguese
|lingua=51-AAC-agb
|map=[[File:MapaDamãoDiu.png|250px]]
|mapcaption=Damao and Diu in the Indian Union.
}}

The '''Daman and Diu Portuguese Creole''', {{langx|pt|'''Língua Crioula de Damãon e Dio'''}} & by its speakers as '''{{lang|idb-IN|Língua da Casa}}''' meaning "home language", refers to the variety of [[Indo-Portuguese creole]] spoken in the [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu]] ([[Damaon territory]]), in the northern [[Konkan region]] of India. Before the Indian annexation of the territory, the creole spoken by the Damanese natives underwent a profound [[decreolisation]] in the erstwhile [[Portuguese Goa and Damaon]] colony, a phenomenon whereby the Indo-Portuguese creole reconverged with [[European Portuguese]].

==Daman Indo-Portuguese==
The Daman creole is a descendant of the [[Norteiro Indo-Portuguese language|Norteiro creole]], spoken originally by the ''[[Norteiro people|Norteiro]]s'' on the coast from [[Chaul]], [[Vasai (Bassein)]], [[Bombay]], to [[Daman, India|Damaon]].

The [[Superstratum|superstrate]] language is Portuguese. The [[Substrata (linguistics)|substrate]] of the Daman creole is likely to be [[Konkani language|Konkani]]. [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] has also been suggested as a possible substrate, but this is doubtful since the [[Gujarati people]] moved into the area only ''after'' the Portuguese arrived.

==Diu Indo-Portuguese==
The Diu Indo-Portuguese or Diu Portuguese is spoken in [[Diu district]], [[India]]. It is a [[creole language]] based mainly on [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]. It is a member of the larger family of [[Indo-Portuguese creoles]], particularly close to the variety of Daman.<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com"/> There is a considerably vital oral tradition in this language, with songs regularly performed in Diu, elsewhere in India and among Indo-Portuguese communities abroad.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo C. |date=2006-11-07 |title=Diu Indo-Portuguese at present |url=https://doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.21.2.04car |journal=Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=359–370 |doi=10.1075/jpcl.21.2.04car |issn=0920-9034|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Widely spoken in the past, it was first documented in the 19th century by the initiative of [[Hugo Schuchardt]].<ref>{{harvp|Schuchardt|1883}}</ref> At present, the language is spoken natively by most of the local Catholics, numbering about 180, but is potentially endangered by the pressure of other languages such as [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[English language|English]] and [[Portuguese language|standard Portuguese]].<ref name="http://www.openthemagazine.com"/><ref name=":2">Cardoso, Hugo (2009). ''The Indo-Portuguese language of Diu''. LOT. pp. 1–72.</ref>

=== Social Demographics of Diu Indo-Portuguese Speakers ===
The Roman Catholic Christian community of Diu is the only one that speaks Diu-Indo Portuguese at home and in every day activities.<ref name=":0" /> This is also the only community that speaks the creole natively, and teaches it to its younger generation.<ref name=":0" />

While some non-Christians claim to have working knowledge of the creole, Muslims and Hindus overwhelmingly speak Gujurati.<ref name=":0" /> They also speak Standard Portuguese due to regular emigration to Portugal for work or residential-related reasons.<ref name=":0" /> There are no class-based variations observed among speakers of Diu Indo-Portuguese, due to the small size of the speech community.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Clements |first=J. Clancy |date=2009-12-31 |title=Accounting for some similarities and differences among the Indo-Portuguese creoles |journal=Journal of Portuguese Linguistics |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=23 |doi=10.5334/jpl.117 |doi-access=free |issn=2397-5563}}</ref>

While speakers of Diu Indo-Portuguese are relatively economically affluent compared to the entire population, this affluence cannot be attributed to the use of the language.<ref name=":1">{{Citation |last=Anchimbe |first=Eric A. |title=Chapter 1. Postcolonial linguistic voices: Stitching together identity choices and their representations |date=2011-10-14 |work=Postcolonial Linguistic Voices |pages=3–22 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110260694.3 |access-date=2025-11-24 |publisher=DE GRUYTER |doi=10.1515/9783110260694.3 |isbn=978-3-11-026066-3|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Rather, there is a stronger case of the link between economic affluence and speaking Standard Portuguese.<ref name=":1" /> Diu Indo-Portuguese speakers are also often fluent in Standard Portuguese as well, which explains their improved economic situation.<ref name=":1" />

=== Diu Indo-Portuguese Language Prestige ===
During Portuguese rule, Standard European Portuguese was considered more prestigious than Diu Indo-Creole. This was due to Standard Portuguese being the language of education, emigrants, Church authorities, and the ruling elites.<ref name=":1" />

This historical asymmetry has carried over into recent times. Diu Indo-Portuguese speakers prefer switching to Standard European Portuguese when they sense power asymmetries e.g. when speaking to perceived foreigners.<ref name=":1" /> Many who cannot switch as easily prefer conversing in English instead.<ref name=":1" /> This preference to not converse in the language, as well as the fact that a lot of speakers describe Diu Indo-Portuguese as "broken Portuguese", points to the low prestige associated with the language.<ref name=":0" />

However, there is still prestige associated with Diu Indo-Portuguese ''relative'' to other Indo-Portuguese languages. Many native speakers display pride in the fact that their language is closer to the European strain of Standard Portuguese.<ref name=":1" />

=== Reasons for Current Endangerment of Diu Indo-Portuguese ===
The greatest challenge to the language's stability and vitality is the extremely small size of its speaker population.<ref name=":2" /> At approximately 170 speakers, in 2006, Diu Indo-Portuguese is very susceptible to elimination via large immigration influxes.<ref name=":2" />

A large reason for the language's prevalence in the house life of Diuese was the institutional use of Standard Portuguese at work. However, there is only one institution that carries out its services in Standard Portuguese anymore: The Catholic Church.<ref name=":2" /> Furthermore, even the Church is beginning to adopt English as its official language of instruction, in line with the rest of the region.<ref name=":2" />

Considered a relic of the colonial age, Standard Portuguese has faced pressure from groups advocating for decolonization.<ref name=":2" /> These sentiments are also echoed by the younger generations of Diu, who prefer to converse in Gujarati, English, or even Hindi.<ref name=":0" /> Such pressures on Standard Portuguese will likely carry over to Diu Indo-Portuguese as well.<ref name=":2" /> This would mean that the language is considered an undesirable by-product of Portuguese colonialism.

==Number of speakers==
The Portuguese heritage in Daman is more common and lively than in Goa and this helped to keep the language alive. The language is spoken by an estimated number of 2,000 [[Damanese people|Damanese]].

Besides the {{lang|idb-IN|lingua da casa}}, Gujarati, Portuguese & Konkani are also found in the territory.

=== Number of Speakers of Diu Indo-Portuguese ===
The last official survey carried out in the region indiscriminately included both Diuese and Damanese people under the category of Christian. Therefore, testimonies from parish priests in Diu serve as better sources of population numbers.<ref name=":0" /> According to these testimonies, dated to 2006, there were 250 Christians in Diu.<ref name=":0" /> Of these, only 200 were native-born. Allowing for a small margin of natives who were not aware of Diu Indo-Portuguese for one reason or another, it is estimated that the language had 170 speakers in 2006.<ref name=":0" />

According to the most recent 2011 National Survey in India, only 202 people in India identify as Christian.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cardoso |first1=Hugo C. |last2=Pombo |first2=Pedro |date=2018-01-02 |title=Diu and the Diuese: Indian Ocean, Heritage, and Cultural Landscape |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2018.1439435 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2018.1439435 |issn=0266-6030}}</ref> Accounting for further non-native Christian immigration suggests that the Diu Indo-Portuguese speaking population is likely on the decline since 2006.

==See also==
*[[Kristi language]]
*[[Portuguese in Goa and Bombay]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{refbegin}}
;Daman
* {{Cite book |title=Dialecto indo-português de Damão |last=Dalgado |first=Sebastião Rodolfo |year=1903 |location=Lisbon }}
;Diu
* {{Cite book |url=http://schuchardt.uni-graz.at/werk/online/772 |title=Sitzungsberichte der philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften |last=Schuchardt |first=Hugo |year=1883 |volume=103 |location=Wien |pages=3–18 |chapter=Kreolische Studien III. Ueber das Indoportugiesische von Diu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223164949/http://schuchardt.uni-graz.at/werk/online/772 |archive-date=23 December 2014 }}
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.lotpublications.nl/Documents/210_fulltext.pdf |title=The Indo-Portuguese language of Diu |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo C. |publisher=LOT |year=2009 |isbn=978-9078328872 }}
* {{Cite journal |last=Cardoso |first=Hugo C. |date=2018 |title=The Creole of Diu in Hugo Schuchardt's Archive |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323917802 |journal=South Asian Studies |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=17–32 |doi=10.1080/02666030.2018.1440058 |s2cid=192346477 }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
* [https://apics-online.info/surveys/39 APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Diu Indo-Portuguese]

{{Portuguese Creoles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Daman and Diu Indo-Portuguese}}
[[Category:Portuguese-based pidgins and creoles]]
[[Category:Portuguese-language dialects]]
[[Category:Konkan]]
[[Category:Portuguese diaspora in Asia]]
[[Category:Daman and Diu]]
[[Category:Portuguese language in Asia]]

The Nizam's Museum

2026-02-26T10:38:53Z

King42:

{{Short description|Museum in Hyderabad, Telangana, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2015}}
{{Infobox museum
| name = The Nizam's Museum
| native_name = Purani Haveli Museum The Silver Jubliee Museum
| native_name_lang =
| logo =
| logo_upright =
| logo_alt =
| logo_caption =
| image = Nizam museum.jpg
| imagesize = 225px
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption = The Nizam's Museum
| map_type = India Hyderabad#India Telangana#India
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_caption =
| map_dot_label =
| coordinates = {{Coord|17.36649|N|78.48285|E|display=title}}
| former_name = 
| established = {{start date and age|2000|02|18}}
| dissolved = 
| location = [[Purani Haveli]], [[Hyderabad]]
| type = General interest
| accreditation =
| key_holdings =
| collections = Paintings, daggers, swords, aeroplane models, artefacts, gifts, memorabilia
| collection_size =
| visitors =
| founder =
| executive_director =
| deputy_director =
| leader_type =
| leader =
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| president =
| ceo =
| chairperson =
| curator =
| architect =
| historian =
| owner = The Nizam’s Jubilee Pavilion Trust
| employees =
| publictransit =
| parking =
| website = http://www.thenizamsmuseum.com/
| network =
| embedded = 
}}

'''The''' '''Nizam's Museum''' or '''H.E.H Nizam's Museum''' is a museum located in [[Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh|Hyderabad]] at [[Purani Haveli]], a palace of the erstwhile [[Nizam]]s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2000/feb/17ap.htm|title=A Peep into the past|author=Jafri|first=Syed Amin|newspaper=rediff.com|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref> This museum showcases the gifts that the last Nizam of [[Hyderabad State]], [[Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII]] received on his silver jubilee celebrations.<ref>{{cite news |title= Unveiling the past|url= https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/Unveiling-the-past/articleshow/12226728.cms|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130221002051/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-03-12/hyderabad/31152517_1_city-museum-nizam-museum-hyderabad|url-status= live|archive-date= 21 February 2013|newspaper= [[The Times of India]]|access-date=13 March 2012}}</ref>
The museum is a [[wikt:repository|repository]] mainly of [[souvenir]]s, gifts and mementos presented by dignitaries to the last Nizam on the occasion of the silver jubilee celebrations in 1936. Models made of [[silver]] of all the landmark buildings in Hyderabad, with [[citation]]s about them in [[Urdu]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://mobsea.com/Places-to-Visit/Hyderabad/Nizam's-Museum|title= Nizam's Museum}}</ref>

== History ==
The museum was opened on 18 February 2000 by the Nizam Trust to the general public.

===2018 Theft of Gold Artefacts===
{{Main|2018 Nizam's Museum heist}}
This museum became part of international news in September 2018 when two thieves managed to steal several gold artefacts studded with diamonds, rubies, and emeralds by breaking into the museum at night.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/thieves-who-stole-gold-tiffin-box-cup-worth-over-rs-100-crores-from-nizam-museum-arrested-1337823-2018-09-11|title=Thieves who stole gold tiffin box, cup worth over Rs 100 crore from Nizam Museum arrested|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-10-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/110918/nizam-museum-theft-case-solved-2-arrested-antiques-recovered.html|title=Nizam's multi-crore gold tiffin box found, thief used it to carry his food|date=2018-09-11|work=Deccan Chronicle|access-date=2018-10-18|language=en}}</ref> Both culprits were caught by the police the following week and security at the museum was beefed up after the incident.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/hyderabad-police-nabs-2-for-theft-at-nizam-museum-stolen-valuable-recovered/articleshow/65767002.cms|title=Hyderabad Police nabs 2 for theft at Nizam Museum; stolen valuable recovered|last=Vudali|first=Srinath|work=Times of India|access-date=15 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Hyderabad/a-museum-begging-to-be-burgled/article24866748.ece|title=A museum begging to be burgled|last=Nanisetti|first=Serish|date=2018-09-05|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-09-16|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

== Collections ==
A golden throne used for the silver jubilee celebrations of the last Nizam, a gold tiffin box inlaid with diamonds, miniature replica of the [[Jubilee Hall, Hyderabad|Jubilee Hall]], glass inlaid painting of Mir Osman Ali Khan, a wooden writing box studded with mother-of-[[pearl]], diamonds and other precious stone studded golden [[dagger]]s, [[Casket (decorative box)|casket]]s, and silver [[ittar]]dans (perfume containers) presented by the [[Raja]] of Palvancha, Silver coffee cups studded with diamonds and silver [[filigree]] elephant with [[mahout]], replica made of silver of a tree with Lord Krishna playing are on display.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/travel/hyderabad/nizam-museum/ps58475365.cms|title=Nizam Museum|work=Times of India Travel|access-date=2018-09-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ndtv.com/hyderabad-news/nizams-museum-hyderabad-hyderabad-police-thief-used-hyderabad-nizams-gold-tiffin-box-to-eat-every-da-1914623|title=Thief Used Hyderabad Nizam's Gold Tiffin Box To Eat Every Day: Police|last=Sudhir|first=Uma|work=NDTV|access-date=14 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/hyderabad-nizams-museum-theft-artefacts-recovered-two-arrested-5350633/|title=Hyderabad: Two held in museum theft case, police say they wanted to get taste of Nizam luxury|last=Janyala|first=Sreenivas|date=2018-09-12|work=The Indian Express|access-date=2018-09-16|language=en-US}}</ref>

A 1930 [[Rolls-Royce Limited|Rolls-Royce]], [[Packard]] and a [[Jaguar Mark V]] are among the [[vintage car]]s on display.

The museum also features the [[wardrobe]] of [[Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI|the sixth nizam]] which was also the world's biggest (176 ft long) or largest walk through wardrobe and is one of its kind, a 150-year-old manually operated lift, and 200-year-old [[proclamation]] [[drum]]s.

== Gallery ==
<gallery>
File:Watch in Nizam museum.jpg|'''Watch in Nizam museum'''
File:Female footware with guilt metal embroidery.jpg|'''Female footwear with embroidery'''
File:Tiligree boxes of Nizams Hyderabad.jpg|'''Filigree boxes of Nizams Hyderabad'''
File:Hat and shoes belonging to Nawab mir Usman Ali Khan .jpg|'''Hat and shoes belonging to Nawab mir Usman Ali Khan'''
File:Silver trovel.jpg|'''Silver trove'''
</gallery>

==See also==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SqldzVfy0Ro&ab_channel=MuqseedKhan The Nizam’s Museum Full tour]

==External links==
{{commons category|Purani Haveli}}
*[http://thenizamsmuseum.com/ Official Nizams Museum Website]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20121019020948/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-07/hyderabad/27260149_1_salar-jung-museum-nizam-s-museum-osman-ali Times of India feature]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040302182400/http://www.hindu.com/2004/01/21/stories/2004012103940500.htm The Hindu feature on mysterious Nizam's cabinet]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/hyderabad-times/fund-crunch-frays-royal-apparel-at-purani-haveli/articleshow/275112.cms Times of India]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Hyderabad topics}}

[[Category:Art museums and galleries in India]]
[[Category:Museums in Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:History of Hyderabad, India]]
[[Category:Museums established in 2000]]
[[Category:2000 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Biographical museums in India]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Hyderabad, India]]

Veerendra Saxena

2026-02-23T12:17:41Z

King42: added the stub w/ refs - done

{{Short description|Indian actor (Born November 1960)}}
{{BLP sources|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Virendra Saxena
| image = Virendra Saxena.JPG
| alt = Close-up photo of the face of Indian actor Virendra Saxena, March 2015
| caption = Saxena in 2015
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1960|11|25}}
| birth_place = [[Mathura]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], [[India]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| other_names =
| alma_mater = [[National School of Drama]]
| spouse = Samta Sagar
| children =
| known_for =
| occupation = Actor
| yearsactive = 1975–present
}}

'''Virendra Saxena''' <ref name="x180"/> (born 25 November 1960)<ref name="x180"/> is an Indian actor who works in [[Hindi]] theatre, film, and television. He is an alumnus of the [[National School of Drama]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alumni List For The Year 1982|url=https://nsd.gov.in/alumni2.asp?id=1982|url-status=dead|website=National School of Drama|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010233204/https://nsd.gov.in/alumni2.asp?id=1982|archivedate=10 October 2007}}</ref> Saxena is known for his character roles as well as his unique voice. He made his movie debut in 1975 with "Uljhan". But he first received recognition with the 1985 movie "[[Massey Sahib]]". He has acted in more than 80 Indian films such as [[Aashiqui]] (1990), [[Dharavi (1992 film)|Dharavi]] (1992), Dilwale (1994), Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (1994), Split Wide Open (1999), Saathiya (2002), Samay: When Time Strikes (2003), Bunty Aur Babli (2005), Sarkar (2005), Ek Chalis Ki Last Local (2007), A Wednesday (2008), The Stoneman Murders (2009) and Naam Shabana (2017), Rabbi (2017), Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety (2018) and Super 30 (2019) and a few English-language films such as ''White Rainbow'', ''[[Cotton Mary]]'' and ''[[In Custody (1993 film)|In Custody]]''. Prominent TV serials he has acted in include ''[[Ajnabi]]'' and ''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-13 |title=‘Mona Singh was scared, broke down on first day of Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin,’ recalls Virendra Saxena |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/mona-singh-was-scared-broke-down-on-first-day-of-jassi-jaissi-koi-nahin-virendra-saxena-9267326/ |access-date=2025-11-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>.

==Filmography==

===Films===
{{div col}}
*''[[Massey Sahib]]'' (1985)
*''[[Khamosh]]'' (1985)
*''[[Tamas (film)|Tamas]]'' (1986)
*''[[Aashiqui]]'' (1990)
*''[[Narsimha (film)|Narasimha]]'' (1991)
*''[[Dil Hai Ki Manta Nahin]]'' (1991)
*''[[Vishnu-Devaa]]'' (1991)
*''[[Dharavi (1992 film)|Dharavi]]'' (1992)
*''Karamati Coat'' (1993)
*''[[Angaar (1992 film)|Angaar]]'' (1992)
*''[[Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda]]'' (1993)
*''[[Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa]]'' (1993)
*''[[Damini]]'' (1993)
*''[[Aaina (1993 film)|Aaina]]'' (1993)
*''Tejasvini'' (1994)
*''[[Tarpan (film)|Tarpan]]'' (1994)
*''[[In Custody (film)|In Custody]]'' (1994)
*''Amravati ki kathiya'' (1994)
*''[[Naaraaz]]'' (1994)
*''[[English, August (film)|English, August]]'' (1994)
*''[[Ram (film)|Ram]]'' (1996)
*''[[Tunnu Ki Tina]]'' (1997)
*''[[Ziddi (1997 film)|Ziddi]]'' (1997)
*''[[Pardesi Babu]]'' (1998)
*''[[Heeralal Pannalal (1999 film)|Heeralal Pannalal]]'' (1999)
*''[[Arjun Pandit (1999 film)|Arjun Pandit]]'' (1999)
*'' Double Gadbad''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Double Gadbad (1999) Cast - Actor, Actress, Director, Producer, Music Director |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/movies/double-gadbad-16194/cast-crew |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=Cinestaan}}</ref> (1999) as Tiger
*''[[Split Wide Open]]'' (1999)
*''[[Shool]]'' (1999)
*''[[Cotton Mary]]'' (1999)
*''[[Bichhoo]]'' (2000)
*''[[Aks (2001 film)|Aks]]'' (2001)
*''[[Maya (2001 film)|Maya]]'' (2001)
*''Kaaboo'' (2002)
*''Ghaav'' (2002)
*''[[Saathiya (film)|Saathiya]]'' (2002)
*''[[Aapko Pehle Bhi Kahin Dekha Hai]]'' (2003)
*''[[Jaal: The Trap]]'' (2003)
*''[[Raghu Romeo]]'' (2003)
*''Samay'' (2003)
*''[[Dhoop]]'' (2003)
*''[[Fun2shh]]'' (2003)
*''[[Rudraksh (film)|Rudraksh]]'' (2004)
*''Kismat'' (2004)
*''[[Bardaasht]]'' (2004)
*''[[Vanity Fair (2004 film)|Vanity Fair]]'' (2004)
*''[[Bhola in Bollywood]]'' (2005)
*''[[Vaada (2005 film)|Vaada]]'' (2005)
*''White Rainbow'' (2005)
*''[[Bunty Aur Babli]]'' (2005)
*''[[Sarkar (2005 film)|Sarkar]]'' (2005)
*''[[Ek Chalis Ki Last Local]]'' (2007)
*''[[Ram Gopal Varma Ki Aag]]'' (2007)
*''[[A Wednesday]]'' (2008)
*''[[Yeh Mera India]]'' (2009)
*''[[The Stoneman Murders]]'' (2009)
*''[[Housefull 2]]'' (2012)
*''[[Bheja fry 2]]''
*''The Mechanic''
*''[[Ata Pata Lapatta]]''
*''Bubble Gum''
*''[[Shagird (2011 film)|Shagird]]''
*''[[Tera Kya Hoga Johnny]]''
*''[[Road, Movie]]''
*''[[Dekh Bhai Dekh]]''
*''[[Sankat City]]''
*''[[Ek Se Bure Do]]''
*''[[Chal Chala Chal]]''
*''[[Say Salaam India]]''
*''Krishna''
*''Karamati Coat''
*''[[Vishnu-Devaa]]''
*''[[Jigariyaa]]'' (2014)
*''[[Mr Joe B. Carvalho]]'' (2014)
*''[[Naam Shabana]]'' (2017)
*''[[Mantostaan]]'' (2017)
*''[[Lucknow Central]]'' (2017)
*''[[Sonu Ke Titu Ki Sweety]]'' (2018)
*''[[Super 30 (film)|Super 30]]'' (2019)
*''[[Photograph (film)|Photograph]]'' (2019)
*''[[Bombay Rose]]'' (2019)
*''[[Commando 3 (film)|Commando 3]]'' (2019)
*''[[Baaghi 3]]'' (2020)
*''[[Chehre]]'' (2021)
*''[[Bheed]]'' (2023) as Hari Dubey
*''[[Mission Raniganj]]'' (2023)
*''[[Ek Hindustani]]'' (TBA)
{{div col end}}

===Television===
{| class="wikitable"
! Title
! Notes
|-
|''[[Ajnabi]]''||
|-
|''Dil Dariya''|| He played father to actor [[Shahrukh Khan]]<ref name="h176">{{cite web | title=Shah Rukh Khan's onscreen father on his first show says actor shows same respect to him: 'He said you won't go in a bus, but in my car' | website=The Indian Express | date=13 January 2025 | url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/shah-rukh-khans-onscreen-father-on-his-first-show-says-actor-shows-same-respect-to-him-9776405/ | access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref>
|-
|''[[Aahat (Indian TV series)|Aahat]]''||
|-
|''Sharad''||
|-
|''[[Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin]]''|| Balwant Walia
|-
|''[[Kis Desh Mein Hai Meraa Dil]] ''||
|-
|''[[Mahayagya]]''||
|-
|''[[Bhanwar (1998 TV series)|Bhanwar]]''||
|-
|''[[Chhajje Chhajje Ka Pyaar]]''||
|-
|''[[Afsar Bitiya]]''||
|-
|''[[Amaravati ki Kathayein]]''|| Episode 2 "Don't Tell Anyone"- Shankaraiyya/ Episode 3 "Saree"- Venkaiyah/Episode 7 "Nosering" - Bacchikaadu
|-
|''[[Kitani Mohabbat Hai]]'' ||(season 1)
|-
|''[[Yatra (1986 TV series)|Yatra]]''
||
|-
|''[[Byomkesh Bakshi (TV series)|Byomkesh Bakshi]]'' ||Episode: Tasvir Chor as Dr. Ghatak
|-
|''[[Wagle Ki Duniya]]'' ||Society Day
|-
|''[[Bharat Ek Khoj]]''||
|-
|''Keele Ka Rahasya''||
|-
|''[[Phir Wahi Talash]]''||
|-
| ''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]''|| Manoj Singh Bajwa
|-
|''[[Guilty Minds]]'' ||
|-
| ''[[The Kapil Sharma Show]]'' (2025)|| As himself with cast of Jassi Jaisa Koi Nahin
|-
| ''[[Taskaree]]''
| As Shrikant Saxena [[Netflix]] series<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 December 2025 |title=Taskaree: The Smuggler's Web OTT release announced: Emraan Hashmi's first look out. Where to watch upcoming Neeraj Pandey's crime series |url=https://m.economictimes.com/magazines/panache/taskaree-the-smugglers-web-ott-release-announced-emraan-hashmis-first-look-out-where-to-watch-upcoming-neeraj-pandeys-crime-series/articleshow/125975916.cms |website=[[The Economic Times]] |access-date=16 December 2025}}</ref>
|}

==Personal life==
He is married to actor-writer Samta Sagar.<ref name="x180">{{cite web | last=Saxena | first=Deep | title=My life experiences reflect in my performances: Virendra Saxena | website=Hindustan Times | date=4 January 2022 | url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/my-life-experiences-reflect-in-my-performances-virendra-saxena-101641304014238.html | access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0768297}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Saxena, Virendra}}
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Indian male film actors]]
[[Category:Indian male television actors]]
[[Category:People from Mathura]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi cinema]]
[[Category:National School of Drama alumni]]
[[Category:Male actors from Uttar Pradesh]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian male actors]]
[[Category:Male actors in Hindi television]]

Kimpurushas

2026-01-22T16:15:47Z

King42: Created Initial Details With Sources

{{Short description|Race in Hindu mythology}}

The '''kimpurushas''' ({{Langx|sa|किंपुरुष|translit=Kimpuruṣa}}) are a race of beings featured in Hindu literature, described as possessing the bodies of human beings and lion heads. They are associated with, and sometimes considered the same as the [[Kinnara|kinnaras]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hudson |first=D. Dennis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IMCxbOezDi4C&dq=kimpurushas+shadow&pg=PA588 |title=The Body of God: An Emperor's Palace for Krishna in Eighth-Century Kanchipuram |date=2008-09-25 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-970902-1 |pages=589 |language=en}}</ref> though some [[Puranas]] distinguish between them.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pargiter |first=F. E. (Frederick Eden) |url=http://archive.org/details/cu31924022991974 |title=The Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa |date=1904 |publisher=Calcutta : Asiatic Society of Bengal |others=Cornell University Library |pages=381}}</ref> They are attendants of the god of wealth, [[Kubera]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Joseph O. Gill |url=http://archive.org/details/dictionary-of-mythology-folklore-and-symbols-vols-1-3-gertrude-jobes-1962 |title=Dictionary Of Mythology, Folklore And Symbols, Vols 1 3 Gertrude Jobes 1962 |date=2021-05-17 |pages=928}}</ref>

== Literature ==

=== Bhagavata Purana ===
[[Brahma]] is described to have created the kimpurushas and the kinnaras from his own reflected image.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Purnendu Narayana Sinha |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.217245 |title=A Study Of The Bhagaata Purana |date=1901 |pages=41}}</ref>

The kimpurushas, along with a number of other beings, praise the glory of the [[Narasimha]] [[avatar]] of [[Vishnu]] after he slays [[Hiranyakashipu]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramakrishna Math |url=http://archive.org/details/hFtq_bhagavat-vol.-2-translated-by-swami-tapasyanand-ramakrishna-math |title=Bhagavat Vol. 2 Translated By Swami Tapasyanand Ramakrishna Math |pages=250}}</ref>

The beings sing the praises of [[Mahabali]] for his selfless deed of offering the [[Trailokya|three worlds]] to the [[Vamana]] avatar of Vishnu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ramakrishna Math |url=http://archive.org/details/hFtq_bhagavat-vol.-2-translated-by-swami-tapasyanand-ramakrishna-math |title=Bhagavat Vol. 2 Translated By Swami Tapasyanand Ramakrishna Math |pages=377}}</ref>

=== Ramayana ===
[[Budha]] transforms a number of women into kimpurushis (female kimpurushas) and instructs them to make a mountain their abode and take kimpurushas for their consorts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hari Prasad Shastri |url=http://archive.org/details/The.Ramayana.of.Valmiki.by.Hari.Prasad.Shastri |title=The Ramayana of Valmiki, translated by Hari Prasad Shastri - 3 Volumes Combined - 1709 Pages, with complete Outline |pages=604 |language=English}}</ref>

=== Tirumurai ===
The poet-saint [[Appar]] references the kimpurushas as one among the eighteen [[Gana|classes]] in his [[Tirumurai|hymns]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=T.n.ramachandran |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.382686 |title=Tirumurai The Sixth St Appars Thaandaka Hymns |date=1995 |pages=507}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Kinnara|Kinnaras]]
* [[Yaksha|Yakshas]]
* [[Gandharva|Gandharvas]]

== References ==
[[Category:Legendary creatures in Hindu mythology]]
[[Category:Nature spirits]]
[[Category:Types of deities]]

<references />{{Hindu deities and texts}}
[[Category:Hindu deities]]

INS Vijaydurg

2026-01-18T07:09:18Z

King42: Created Initial Page With Sources

{{refimprove|date=August 2010}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2015}}
{{Short description|Retired Indian Corvette}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2015}}
{{Infobox ship
|section1={{Infobox ship/image
|image=Yoddhasthal Permanent Exhibition Southern command Indian Army Bhopal (48).jpg
|image_caption=a scale model in Yodhasthal Museum
}}

|section2={{Infobox ship/career
|hide_header=
|country= India
|flag= {{shipboxflag|India|naval-2001}}
|name= INS ''Vijaydurg''
|namesake= [[Vijaydurg fort]]
|ordered=
|builder=
|laid_down=
|launched=
|acquired=
|commissioned= 25 December 1976
|decommissioned= 30 September 2002
|in_service=
|out_of_service=
|struck=
|reinstated=
|honours=
|fate= Decommissioned
|status=
|notes=
}}

|section3={{Infobox ship/characteristics
|hide_header=
|header_caption=
|class= {{sclass2|Durg|corvette|1}}
|type=
|displacement= 670 tons (full load)
|length= 59 meters
|beam= 12.5 meters
|draught= 2.5 meters
|draft=
|propulsion=
|speed= 32 knots
|range=
|complement= 42 (incl 7 officers)<ref name=br-durg>{{citation |title=Nanuchka II Class (Durg) |url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/Ships/Past/87-Nanuchka-II-Durg-Class.html |publisher=Indian Navy |accessdate=3 March 2011}}</ref>
|sensors=
|armament=
|armor=
|aircraft=
|aircraft_facilities=
|notes=
}}
}}

'''INS ''Vijaydurg'' (K71)''' was the lead ship of the {{sclass2|Durg|corvette}}s of the [[Indian Navy]].

The ship was commissioned on 25 December 1976 and decommissioned on 30 September 2002.<ref name=br-durg/>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Corvettes of the Indian Navy}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vijaydurg (K71)}}
[[Category:Durg-class corvettes]]
[[Category:Corvettes of the Cold War]]

St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica

2026-01-05T17:19:52Z

King42:

{{Infobox church
| name = St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica
| fullname =
| other name =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| image = Main Entrance St Thomas Mount Church Chennai Aug22 A7C 02249.jpg
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| caption = Main entrance to the church

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| website = {{URL|https://stthomasmountbasilica.com}}

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{{distinguish|St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica, Chennai|Little Mount Shrine}}

'''St. Thomas Mount National Shrine Basilica''' is a [[national shrine]] located in [[Parangimalai]] in [[Tamil Nadu]].

The ancient [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] community of India traces the origin of their [[Saint Thomas Christian churches|church]] to [[Thomas the Apostle|St. Thomas the Apostle]].

In 1523, the Portuguese missionary Diego Fernandes built a small [[Oratory (worship)|oratory]] on the Mount, reportedly over the foundations of an earlier church. As the number of pilgrims grew, [[Gaspar Coelho]], the Vicar of the Church of Mylapore, laid the foundation for a larger church in 1547 and dedicated it to ''Our Lady of the Mount''. The church is believed to have served as a lighthouse for Portuguese and Armenian ships during the 16th century.

The altar of this shrine was built on the spot where St. Thomas' death is traditionally believed to have occurred. At the northern foot of the mount is a gateway of four impressive arches surmounted by a cross bearing the inscribed date 1547. A flight of 160 steps leads up to the summit of the mount. The steps leading up the hill were donated by the famous Armenian [[Coja Petrus Uscan]]. There are 14 [[Stations of the Cross]] on the way to the summit.

The 500th anniversary of the church was celebrated in November 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Thomas |first1=Liffy |title=St. Thomas Mount National Shrine: 500 years on a hillock |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/st-thomas-mount-national-shrine-500-years-on-a-hillock/article67576002.ece |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=The Hindu |date=26 November 2023 |language=en-IN}}</ref> Pope John Paul II visited the place on February 5, 1986. The shrine was elevated to the status of a minor basilica on 3 July 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=RVA Tamil News |title=Historic St. Thomas Shrine in South India Elevated to Minor Basilica |url=https://www.rvasia.org/asian-news/historic-st-thomas-shrine-south-india-elevated-minor-basilica#:~:text=Historic%20St.-,Thomas%20Shrine%20in%20South%20India%20Elevated%20to%20Minor%20Basilica,as%20the%20date%20of%20St. |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=RVA |date=9 July 2025 |language=en}}</ref> The church is home to the Bleeding Cross of St. Thomas - a relic venerated as having been carved by the Apostle himself. Tradition holds that this Cross miraculously oozed blood on December 18th, the date commemorated as the martyrdom of St. Thomas, for 150 consecutive years.<ref>{{cite news |title=St. Thomas Mount Shrine, Chennai, Elevated as Minor Basilica |url=https://cc.pacifyca.com/news/st-thomas-mount-shrine-chennai-elevated-as-minor-basilica |access-date=19 October 2025 |work=Catholic Connnect |language=en}}</ref>

There are other chapels on the Mount, including:
* Chapel of Our Lady of Expectations, patroness of the shrine.
* Chapel of St. Thomas, now called the Sanctuary of the Apostle.
* Eucharistic Chapel

== Gallery ==
=== Exterior of the church ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Evangelical Entrance Thomas Mount Church Chennai Aug22 R16 06223.jpg|Entrance to the shrine
File:Side St Thomas Mount Church Chennai Aug22 A7C 02292.jpg|St. Thomas Church on the Mount
File:Bell Tower Station XIV Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02255.jpg|Bell tower
File:North Facade Adoration Chapel Thomas Mount Aug22 A7C 02286.jpg|Blessed Sacrament Adoration Chapel
File:Statue Mary Untier Knots Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02267.jpg|Mary Untier of Knots
File:St Thomas Mount2.JPG|Flagstaff
File:Statue Mother Teresa Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02284.jpg|Mother Teresa
</gallery>

=== Interior of the church ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Interior Nave Thomas Church Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02257.jpg|Nave
File:ST. THOMAS MT. - panoramio (8).jpg|Altar
File:Relic 8 Apostle Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02260.jpg|Relic of an apostle
File:Statue Thomas Infant Jesus Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02264.jpg|Saint Anthony and infant Jesus
File:Gravestone Anna St Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 R16 06221.jpg|Gravestone in the entrance
</gallery>

=== Stations of the Cross ===
The 14 [[:en:Way of the Cross|Stations of the Cross]] are positioned along the 160-step climb up the Mount.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="120px">
File:Statue of jesus at st.Thomas mount church, chennai 3.JPG|3: Jesus falls for the first time.
File:Statue of jesus at st.Thomas mount church, chennai 5.JPG|5: Simon helps carry the cross.
File:Statue of jesus at st.Thomas mount church, chennai.JPG|10: Jesus is stripped of his garments.
File:Station Cross XIII Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 A7C 02282.jpg|13: Jesus is taken down from the cross.
File:Station Cross XIV Thomas Mount Chennai Aug22 R16 06211.jpg|14: Jesus is laid in the tomb.
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Basilicas in India}}

[[Category:Basilica churches in Tamil Nadu]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic church buildings in Chennai]]

Oye Makhna

2026-01-03T23:31:36Z

King42: Added New Details Initial Version!

{{Short description|2022 Indian Punjabi-language film}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Oye Makhna
| image = Oye Makhna film poster.jpg
| alt =
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| director = [[Simerjit Singh]]
| producer = [[Ammy Virk]] Vikram Mehra Siddharth Kumar Anand [[Simerjit Singh]]
| writer = Rakesh Dhawan
| screenplay =
| story =
| starring = [[Ammy Virk]] [[Guggu Gill]] [[Sidhika Sharma]] [[Tania (actress)|Tania]]
| narrator =
| music = [[Inder Bawra]] [[Sunny Bawra]]
| cinematography = Sandeep Patil
| editing = Amarjit Singh Anurodh Gusain
| released = {{Film date|2022|11|04|df=y}}
| runtime = 129 minutes
| studio = [[Saregama]] [[Ammy Virk|Ammy Virk Productions]] Simerjit Productions Yoodlee Films
| distributor = White Hill Studios
| country = India
| language = Punjabi
| budget =
| gross =
}}
'''''Oye Makhna''''' (transl. My Sweetheart) is a [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] romantic–comedy film<ref>{{cite news |title='Oye Makhna' trailer: Ammy Virk and Guggu Gill’s camaraderie and the hilarious love triangle of Virk, Tania, and Sidhika Sharma promise a big dose of entertainment |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/oye-makhna-trailer-ammy-virk-and-guggu-gills-camaraderie-and-the-hilarious-love-triangle-of-virk-tania-and-sidhika-sharma-promise-a-big-dose-of-entertainment/articleshow/94966169.cms |access-date=16 November 2022 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |language=en | date=19 October 2022}}</ref> made under the [[Saregama |Saregama Label]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Trailer of Ammy-Guggu's 'Oye Makhna' out |url=http://www.uniindia.com/~/trailer-of-ammy-guggu-s-oye-makhna-out/Entertainment/news/2845332.html |publisher=[[United News Of India|UNI]] |access-date=20 October 2022}}</ref> The film was directed by [[Simerjit Singh]], and it stars [[Ammy Virk]], [[Tania (Indian actress)|Tania]], [[Guggu Gill]] and [[Sidhika Sharma]]. The film was released on 4 November 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Service |first1=Tribune News |title=Oye Makhna: Ammy Virk, director Simerjit Singh share special bond, love working together |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/entertainment/oye-makhna-ammy-virk-director-simerjit-singh-share-special-bond-love-working-together-443114 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਫ਼ਿਲਮ ਇੰਡਸਟਰੀ ’ਤੇ ਰਾਜ ਕਰ ਰਹੀ ਐਮੀ ਵਿਰਕ ਤੇ ਤਾਨੀਆ ਦੀ ਸ਼ਾਨਦਾਰ ਜੋੜੀ - mobile |url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/ammy-virk-tania-special-article-1387171 |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=[[Jag Bani]] |date=27 October 2022}}</ref>

==Plot==
When Makhan falls in love with a girl by just looking at her eyes, he and his uncle go to hilarious lengths to set him up with her. However, things take a chaotic turn when they find out that they've actually fixed his wedding with the wrong girl. As the pressure to clear out the confusion mounts, the very integrity of their family is threatened. Will Makhan find a way to be with the girl of his dreams? The uncle ends up with an ethical dilemma.

==Cast==
* [[Ammy Virk]] as Makhan Virk<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanjha |first1=A. B. P. |title=Oye Makhna Trailer: ਐਮੀ ਵਿਰਕ-ਤਾਨੀਆ ਸਟਾਰਰ ਫ਼ਿਲਮ `ਓਏ ਮੱਖਣਾ` ਦਾ ਟਰੇਲਰ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼, ਦੇਖੋ ਵੀਡੀਓ |url=https://punjabi.abplive.com/news/ammy-virk-tania-starrer-film-oye-makhna-trailer-out-now-watch-here-683251 |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[ABP Sanjha]] |date=19 October 2022 |language=pa}}</ref>
* [[Tania (Indian actress)|Tania]] as Rimple
* [[Guggu Gill]] as Shinda
* [[Sidhika Sharma]] as Guddi
* Hardeep Gill
* Tarsem Paul
* [[Satwant Kaur]]
* Sukhwinder Chahal as Harnek Singh
* Deedar Gill
* Parminder Gill
* Manju Mahal
* Rose J. Kaur
* Sapna Choudhary as Dancer in song "Chad Gayi Chad Gayi"

==Release==
The film was originally set to release on 9 September 2022, but got pushed to 4 November 2022 with a schedule of worldwide release.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ammy Virk Loves Working With Director Simerjit Singh |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/art-entertainment/ammy-virk-loves-working-with-director-simerjit-singh-news-231333?prev |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]] |date=20 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Oye Makhna: Ammy Virk announces new song 'Chad Gayi Chad Gayi' featuring Guggu Gill, Sapna Chaudhary |url=https://www.ptcpunjabi.co.in/oye-makhna-ammy-virk-announces-new-song-chad-gayi-chad-gayi-featuring-guggu-gill-sapna-chaudhary |access-date=20 October 2022 |work=[[PTC Punjabi]] |date=11 October 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

==Music==
The music of the film is composed by Avvy Sra, Gaurav Dev, Kartik Dev and duo of [[Salim–Sulaiman]]. The [[background score]] is composed by the duo of [[Inder Bawra]] and [[Sunny Bawra]].

{| class="wikitable"
! Songs
! Composer
! Music
! Lyrics
! Singer
|-
|Chad Gayi Chad Gayi
|[[Happy Raikoti]]
|Avvy Sra
|Happy Raikoti
|[[Neha Kakkar]]
|-
|Chann Sitare<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Chann Sitare': Ammy Virk paints the town red with his latest love ballad from ‘Oye Makhna’ - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/music/chann-sitare-ammy-virk-paints-the-town-red-with-his-latest-love-ballad-from-oye-makhna/articleshow/95011507.cms |access-date=30 October 2022 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en}}</ref>
| [[Harmanjeet Singh]]
|Avvy Sra
|HarmanJeet Singh
|[[Ammy Virk]]
|-
|Chum Chum Rakheya<ref>{{cite news |title=ਕੱਲ ਨੂੰ ਬੀ ਪਰਾਕ ਦੀ ਆਵਾਜ਼ ’ਚ ਰਿਲੀਜ਼ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ ‘ਓਏ ਮੱਖਣਾ’ ਫ਼ਿਲਮ ਦਾ ਗੀਤ ‘ਚੁੰਮ ਚੁੰਮ ਰੱਖਿਆ’ - mobile |url=https://jagbani.punjabkesari.in/entertainment/news/chum-chum-rakheya-releasing-tomorrow-1387103 |access-date=31 October 2022 |work=[[Jag Bani]] |date=26 October 2022}}</ref>
|Gaurav Dev, Kartik Dev
|Gaurav Dev, Kartik Dev
|Kirat Gill
|[[B Praak]]
|-
|Main Cheez Ki Haan
|Happy Raikoti
|Avvy Sra
|Happy Raikoti
|Ammy Virk
|-
|Lakh Lakh Vadhaiyan
| [[Salim–Sulaiman]]
|[[Salim–Sulaiman]]
| Shradha Pandit
|[[Afsana Khan]], Saajz
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{IMDb title|tt20455272}}

[[Category:Punjabi-language Indian films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Simerjit Singh]]
[[Category:Yoodlee Films films]]

First Ghosh ministry

2026-01-02T03:33:14Z

King42: started initial article and citations

{{Use Indian English|date=January 2026}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2026}}
{{Infobox government cabinet
| cabinet_name = First Ministry of Prafulla Chandra Ghose
| cabinet_type = Ministry
| cabinet_number = 1st
| jurisdiction = [[West Bengal]]
| flag = Flag of India.svg
| flag_border =
| incumbent = 1947–1948
| image =
| caption =
| date_formed = {{Start date|1947|07|03|df=y}}
| date_dissolved = {{End date|1948|01|22|df=y}}

| governor = [[Chakravarti Rajagopalachari]]
| prime_minister = [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]

| members_number = 9
| former_members_number = 4
| total_number = 13

| political_party = {{Color box|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|border=darkgray}} [[Indian National Congress|INC]]

| legislature_status = [[Majority government|Majority]] {{Composition bar|83|90|{{party color|Indian National Congress}}|background-color=|border border-color=darkgray|width=|per=1}}

| opposition_cabinet =
| opposition_party =
| opposition_leader =

| election = [[1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1946]]
| last_election = [[1937 Bengal Legislative Assembly election|1937]]
| legislature_term = [[1st West Bengal Assembly]]

| budget =
| advice_and_consent1 =
| advice_and_consent2 =

| incoming_formation =
| outgoing_formation =
| predecessor = [[Suhrawardy ministry]]
| successor = [[First Roy ministry]]
}}
The '''1st Council of Ministers for the state of West Bengal''' was formed under the leadership of [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]. He was sworn in as [[Chief Minister of West Bengal|Prime Minister of West Bengal]] for the first time on 15 August 1947,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://bengali.news18.com/photogallery/off-beat/knowledge-story-west-bengal-first-cm-prafulla-chandra-ghosh-general-knowledge-sb-1568641.html|title=Knowledge Story: বলুন তো, পশ্চিমবঙ্গের প্রথম মুখ্যমন্ত্রী কে ছিলেন? অধিকাংশ মানুষই কিন্তু ভুল জানেন, আপনি জানেন?|lang=bn|first=Suman|last=Biswas|date=21 March 2024|work=[[News18 Bangla]]}}</ref> although the cabinet was sworn in on 3 July 1947.<ref name=m/>

== Background ==
During 1940s, the [[Lahore Resolution|Pakistan Resolution]] of the [[All-India Muslim League]] (AIML) was gaining popularity among the Muslims of the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal Province]] of British India, and the political party itself was growing in influence. The party won in the [[1946 Bengal Legislative Assembly election]], and on 24 April 1946, [[Suhrawardy ministry]] was formed under the leadership of [[Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy]], leader of the party's provincial branch.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=মুসলিম লীগ মন্ত্রিসভা ও সাম্প্রদায়িক রাজনীতি (১৯৪৩-১৯৪৭) : ১৩৫০-এর দুর্ভিক্ষ, ১৯৪৬-এর দাঙ্গা|title=বাংলার বিধানসভার একশো বছর রাজানুগত্য থেকে গণতন্ত্র|lang=bn|first=Satya Brata|last=Dutta|year=2002|pages=161–173|publisher=Progressive Publishers|place=Kolkata}}</ref> In 1947, the [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) and the AIML agreed to the [[partition of India]], leading to the creation of the modern states of India and Pakistan. In 20 June of the same year, when an election was held regarding the [[Partition of Bengal (1947)|second partition of Bengal]], the majority of votes in the [[Bengal Legislative Assembly]] were in favor of the partition. However, at that time, Suhrawardy's cabinet remained in Calcutta, the capital of Bengal Province.<ref name=ম/> In 3 July, under the leadership of [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]], the leader of the provincial branch of the INC, a shadow cabinet was formed for the future state of [[West Bengal]].<ref name=ছ/> In 18 July, the [[Indian Independence Act 1947|Indian Independence Act]] was passed in the [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] and received royal assent, clearing the way for the partition of Bengal Province into the Indian state of West Bengal and the Pakistani province of [[East Bengal]].<ref name=ম>{{cite book|chapter=অখণ্ড বাংলা গঠনের প্রয়াস ও উপমহাদেশের বিভক্তি, ১৯৪৭|title=স্বাধীন বাংলাদেশের অভ্যুদয়ের ইতিহাস|lang=bn|first1=Muntassir|last1=Mamun|first2=Md. Mahbubar|last2=Rahman|page=49–50|year=2015|orig-year=2014|publisher=Suborna|isbn=9789849069447}}</ref> On 15 August 1947, following [[India's independence]], the shadow cabinet of West Bengal became the state's first official government.<ref name=ছ>{{cite journal|title=Role of Dr. Prafulla Chandra Ghosh as Head of the Shadow Ministry and First Ministry of West Bengal (3rd July 1947 - 22nd January 1948) - An Analytical Review.|first=Babulal|last=Bala|volume=10|issue=3|journal=Journal of People's History and Culture|publisher=Garia Society for Studies of Marginal People|place=Kolkata|url=https://gsmp.in/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/1-1.pdf}}</ref>

== Dissolution ==
In December 1947, members of the [[West Bengal Legislative Assembly]] expressed their no-confidence in him and signed a paper demanding [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]] as the new leader of the [[West Bengal Pradesh Congress Committee|West Bengal Provincial Congress Party]], which was given to Ghosh by [[Ghanshyam Das Birla]]. After losing support, Ghosh stepped down as the leader of the Provincial Congress Party on 15 January 1948 and resigned from the post of prime minister six days later. Roy succeeded Ghosh as the new leader of the Provincial Congress Party and the new prime minister of West Bengal.<ref name=ছ/> On 23 January 1948, Ghosh's cabinet was replaced by [[First Roy ministry]].<ref>{{cite news|title=শুক্রবার প্রাতে পশ্চিম বঙ্গের নূতন মন্ত্রিমণ্ডলীর শপথ গ্রহণ|lang=bn|page=1|date=24 January 1948|newspaper=[[Jugantar Patrika]]}}</ref>

== Members ==
The cabinet was composed of the following ministers:<ref name=m>{{cite news|title=PORTFOLIOS OF NEW MINISTERS Dr. Ghosh As Chief Minister With Home|lang=en|page=1|date=4 July 1947|newspaper=[[Amrita Bazar Patrika]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite document|title=Bengal Legislative Assembly Proceedings (1947-48) Vol. 1|page=iii|publisher=West Bengal Government Press|place=Kolkata}}</ref>
{{Cabinet table start| hiderefcol = y | hidepartycol = y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Office of the Prime Minister
| minister1 = [[Prafulla Chandra Ghosh]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Finance, Health and Local Self-Government
| minister1 = [[Ananda Prasad Chowdhury]]
| minister1_termstart =
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Commerce, Labor and Education
| minister1 = [[Suresh Chandra Banerjee]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Land and Revenue
| minister1 = [[Kalipada Mukherjee]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Agriculture, Forest and Fisheries
| minister1 = [[Hem Chandra Naskar]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Cooperatives, Loans and Relief
| minister1 = [[Kamal Krishna Roy]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Irrigation, Works, Housing and Waterways
| minister1 = [[Bhupati Majumdar]]
| minister1_termstart =
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Civil Supplies
| minister1 = [[Charu Chandra Bhandari]]
| minister1_termstart =
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Justice and Law
| minister1 = [[Mohini Mohan Burman]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = 22 January 1948
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

== Former members ==
{{Cabinet table start| hiderefcol = n | hidepartycol = y}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Finance
| minister1 = [[Jadvendra Nath Panja]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = N/A
| minister1_ref = <ref name=m/>
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Health
| minister1 = [[Bimal Chandra Sinha]]
| minister1_termstart = 4 July 1947
| minister1_termend = N/A
| minister1_ref = <ref name=m/>
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Civil Supplies
| minister1 = [[Radha Nath Das]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = N/A
| minister1_ref = <ref name=m/>
}}
{{Cabinet table minister
| title = Department of Irrigation, Works, Housing and Waterways
| minister1 = [[Nikunja Behari Maity]]
| minister1_termstart = 3 July 1947
| minister1_termend = N/A
| minister1_ref = <ref name=m/>
}}
{{Cabinet table end}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ghosh 01}}
[[Category:West Bengal ministries]]
[[Category:Indian National Congress of West Bengal]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in West Bengal]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Indian ministries established in 1947|Ghosh I]]
[[Category:Indian ministries disestablished in 1948|Ghosh I]]

Iqbalunnisa Hussain

2025-11-18T03:24:40Z

King42: Created The Entry More To Come

{{More citations needed|date=September 2025}}{{Short description|Indian educator and feminist (1897–1954)}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2025}}
{{Infobox academic
| name = Iqbalunnisa Hussain
| occupation = Activist, Writer
| education = [[University of Leeds]]
| discipline = Sociologist
| sub_discipline = Feminism
| birth_date = 21 January 1897
| death_date = 22 October 1954
| birth_place = [[Chikkaballapur]], Bangalore, Karnataka
}}
'''Iqbalunnisa Hussain''' (21 January 1897 – 22 October 1954) was an Indian educator, writer, activist and feminist who worked for the educational reform in Muslim women.

== Early life and education==
Iqbalunnisa Hussain was born on 21 January 1897 at [[Chikkaballapur]], Bangalore, [[Karnataka]] into the family of Gulam Moinuddin Khan and Zaibunnisa, a descendant of [[Tipu Sultan]]. They belonged to a family who followed [[Sunni Islam]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iqbalunnisa Hussain: A Stalwart of Muslim Women's Education |url=https://indianliberals.in/bn/content/iqbalunnisa-hussain/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Indian Liberals |language=bn-IN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Begum |first=Dr. Shameemunnisa |title=IQBALUNNISA HUSSAIN'S PURDAH AND POLYGAMY: LIFE IN AN INDIAN MUSLIM HOUSEHOLD: A STUDY |url=https://eprajournals.com/IJMR/article/4958/download |journal=EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=281–285 |doi=10.36713/epra2013 |eissn=2455-3662|url-access=subscription |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Hussain was fluent in [[Urdu]], [[Arabic]], [[English language|English]] and [[Persian language|Persian]]. She completed her Bachelor of Arts degree with a Gold Medal from Maharani College, [[Mysore]], then studied at the [[University of Leeds]] for her post graduate degree of Master of the Arts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rehman |first=Mumtaz |date=2021-05-30 |title=Iqbalunnisa Hussain: A Pioneer In The Education Of Muslim Women In India l #IndianWomenInHistory |url=https://feminisminindia.com/2021/05/31/iqbalunnisa-hussain-muslim-women-education/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Feminism in India |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Azfar |first=Ayesha |date=2015-09-06 |title=REVIEW: Leading the way: Changing India by Iqbalunnisa Hussain |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1204906 |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== Career ==
Hussain's book ''Purdah and Polygamy'' (1944) was the first novel in English written by a Muslim woman.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Malak |first=Amin |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Muslim_Narratives_and_the_Discourse_of_E/Bia5PuDTgjYC?hl=en |title=Muslim Narratives and the Discourse of English |date=2004-12-16 |publisher=SUNY Press |isbn=978-0-7914-6306-2 |pages=31-32 |language=en}}</ref> In the episodic novel, which follows three generations of an upper-class Muslim family, the practice of [[purdah]] (the seclusion of women) and [[zenana]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Basu |first=Argha |last2=Tripathi |first2=Priyanka |date=2024-07-02 |title=Poetics and Politics of Seclusion: Approaching Purdah Through Intersectionality in Select Works of Indian Female Authors |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/10436928.2024.2383144 |journal=Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory |volume=35 |issue=3 |pages=229–252 |doi=10.1080/10436928.2024.2383144 |issn=1043-6928|url-access=subscription }}</ref> are represented with restrained irony,<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">Ahmed, Tajuddin. (2011) [http://vu.dspaces.org/bitstream/123456789/2017/1/9.pdf "Raise the Sail and Lift the Veil: Islam and Woman’s Rights in the Writings of Iqbalunnisa Hussain Tajuddi"] In: ''Journal of the Department of English'' '''9''', [[Vidyasagar University]]. p. 117-118. Retrieved 15 September 2025.</ref> as Hussain "did not feel that purdah had any sanction in the tenets of the Prophet."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Souza |first=Eunice de |date=2006 |title=Recovering a Tradition: Forgotten Women's Voices |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418141 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=41 |issue=17 |pages=1642–1645 |issn=0012-9976}}</ref> The book also depicts [[Polygamy|polygamous]] marriages.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Noreen |first=Munnzza |last2=Asif |first2=Muhammad |date=2023-03-16 |title=Muslim Women’s Agency and South Asian Literature: A Postcolonial Feminist Analysis of Purdah and Polygamy: Life in an Indian Muslim Household by Iqbalunnisa Hussain |url=https://ojs.plhr.org.pk/journal/article/view/399 |journal=Pakistan Languages and Humanities Review |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=68–77 |doi=10.47205/plhr.2023(7-II)07 |issn=2708-6461|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Aftab |first=Tahera |url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Inscribing_South_Asian_Muslim_Women/HIISikCITAgC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Iqbalunnisa+Hussain&pg=PA517&printsec=frontcover |title=Inscribing South Asian Muslim Women: An Annotated Bibliography & Research Guide |date=2008 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-15849-8 |pages=517 |language=en}}</ref> Hussain additionally wrote essays about the social status of women in India.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siddiqui |first=Naila Usman |last2=Madani |first2=Munazza |last3=Raza |first3=Sabahat |date=2019-06-30 |title=REFLECTION OF WOMEN’S OPPRESSION IN THE WRITINGS OF QURUT-UL-AIN HAIDER: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS |url=https://jsshuok.com/oj/index.php/jssh/article/view/136 |journal=Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities |language=en |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=165–178 |doi=10.46568/jssh.v58i1.136 |issn=2664-4967|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Hussain also worked as an assistant teacher at Vani Vilas High School in [[Bangalore]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

== Literary works ==
* {{Cite book |last=Hussain |first=Iqbalunnisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EuwSgAACAAJ |title=Changing India: A Muslim Woman Speaks |date=1940 |publisher=Hosali Press |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Book Review: Changing India |url=https://newslinemagazine.com/magazine/book-review-changing-india/ |access-date=2024-12-26 |website=Newsline |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Cite book |last=Hussain |first=Iqbalunnisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q9eJwgEACAAJ |title=Purdah and Polygamy: Life in the Indian Muslim Household |date=2018 |publisher=Sahitya Akademi |isbn=978-93-86771-86-5 |language=en}}<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Anwar |first=Nadia |date=2020-09-02 |title=Purdah and polygamy: life in an Indian Muslim household by Iqbalunnisa Hussain, edited by Jessica Berman, Karachi, Oxford University Press, 2017, 276 pp., £19.99 (hardback), ISBN 978 0 1994 0756 9 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17449855.2020.1739886 |journal=Journal of Postcolonial Writing |volume=56 |issue=5 |pages=724–725 |doi=10.1080/17449855.2020.1739886 |issn=1744-9855|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Even Without Polygamy and 'Purdah', Patriarchy Continues |url=https://thewire.in/books/iqbalunnisa-hussain-purdah-and-polygamy |access-date=26 December 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]] |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Hussain was married to Syed Ahmed Hussain, a government official at Mysore in 1914, aged 15. They had seven children together.{{Citation needed|date=September 2025}}

== References ==
<references />

== Further reading ==
* {{Cite journal |last=Souza |first=Eunice de |date=2006 |title=Recovering a Tradition: Forgotten Women's Voices |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4418141 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=41 |issue=17 |pages=1642–1645 |jstor=4418141 |issn=0012-9976}}
* {{Cite book |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv2nwq9jx |title=Three Centuries of Travel Writing by Muslim Women |date=2022 |publisher=Indiana University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv2nwq9jx |jstor=j.ctv2nwq9jx |isbn=978-0-253-06239-0}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hussain, Iqbalunnisa}}
[[Category:1897 births]]
[[Category:1954 deaths]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Leeds]]
[[Category:People from Bengaluru]]
[[Category:Writers from Karnataka]]
[[Category:Indian women writers]]

Angada Kanhar

2025-09-29T21:43:36Z

King42: added some pg more to come!

{{Short description|Indian politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = Member of [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]
| constituency = [[Phulbani Assembly constituency|Phulbani]]
| term_start = 2019
| term_end = 2024
| profession = Politician
| predecessor = Duguni Kanhar
| party = [[Biju Janata Dal]]
| image =
}}

'''Angada Kanhar''' is an Indian politician from Odisha who was a [[Odisha Legislative Assembly|Member of the Odisha Legislative Assembly]] from [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election|2019]], representing [[Phulbani Assembly constituency]] as a Member of the [[Biju Janata Dal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Phulbani Lok Sabha Election 2024 Live: Get Phulbani Lok Sabha Election Results and Candidate List |url=https://indianexpress.com/elections/odisha-assembly-election/phulbani-constituency/ |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-04 |title=Phulbani Election Result 2024 LIVE Updates Highlights: Assembly Winner, Loser, Leading, Trailing, MLA, Margin |url=https://www.news18.com/elections/phulbani-election-result-2024-live-updates-highlights-assembly-winner-loser-leading-trailing-mla-margin-8916890.html |access-date=2024-10-13 |website=News18 |language=en}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[2019 Odisha Legislative Assembly election]]
* [[Odisha Legislative Assembly]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kanhar, Angada}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Odisha MLAs 2019–2024]]
[[Category:Biju Janata Dal politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

{{Odisha-BJD-politician-stub}}

Garbhodakshayi Vishnu

2025-08-29T19:04:54Z

King42: started the stub basic info!

{{Short description|Form of Vishnu}}
[[File:Vishnu1.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Vishnu reclines upon [[Shesha|Adishesha]] in the Causal Ocean, Pahari school of painting, c. 1780-1790]]
{{Vaishnavism}}'''Garbhodakaśāyī Vishnu''' is an expansion of [[Mahavishnu]]. In [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism|Gaudīya Vaishnavism]], the Sātvata-tantra describes three different forms of Vishnu as: [[Maha Vishnu|Mahāvishnu]], Garbhodakaśāyī Vishnu and [[Ksirodakasayi Vishnu|Ksirodakaśāyī Vishnu]] ([[Paramatma|Paramātmā]]). Each form has a different role in the maintenance of the Universe and its inhabitants.

The commentary on the [[Bhagavad Gita]] describes this form of Vishnu:<ref>{{Cite web |title= Chapter Six|url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/bg/6/advanced-view/}}</ref>
{{Blockquote|text=For material creation, Krishna's plenary expansion assumes three Vishnus. The first, Mahā Viṣhṇu, creates the total material energy, known as the mahat-tattva. The second, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, enters into all the universes to create diversities and the third, Kṣīrodakaśāyī Vishnu, is diffused as the all-pervading super soul in all the universes; in the heart of every living being, is known as Paramātmā. He is present even within the atoms. The goal of life is to know Kṛṣṇa, who is situated within the heart of every living being as Paramātmā, the four-handed Viṣṇu form.|author=[[Commentary (philology)|Commentary]]|title=[[Bhagavad Gita]]|source=Chapter 7}}
In [[Srimad Bhagavatam]], this is explained as:
Karanodakashayi Vishnu is the first incarnation of the Supreme Lord, and He is the master of eternal time, space, cause and effects, mind, the elements, the material ego, the modes of nature, the senses, the universal form of the Lord, Garbhodakaśāyī Viṣṇu, and the sum total of all living beings, both moving and non-moving. <ref>{{cite web |title=ŚB 2.6.42 |url=https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/2/6/42/ |website=vedabase.io |accessdate=3 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

Garbhodhakaśāyī Vishnu is an expansion or overload of [[Mahavishnu]] (expansion of [[Sankarshana|Saṃkarṣaṇa]] of second caturvyūha, which expands from [[Narayana|Nārāyaṇa]] in [[Vaikunta|Vaikuṇṭhaloka]]). Garbhodhakaśāyī Vishnu is realized as the form of [[Pradyumna]] within the material universe. He is the father of Brahmā who appeared from His navel and hence Garbhodakashayi Vishnu is also called [[Hiranyagarbha|Hiraņyagarbha]].

==See also==
*[[Narayana]]
*[[Mahavishnu]]
*[[Govinda]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://vedabase.io/en/library/sb/1/2/23/ That Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa, by His plenary parts, should be rendered devotional service]
* [http://www.stephen-knapp.com/thousand_names_of_the_supreme.htm Thousand names of the Supreme] (Vishnu Sahasranama Stotram)

{{Hindu Culture and Epics}}
{{Legendary progenitors}}
[[Category:Forms of Vishnu]]
[[Category:Vaishnavism]]
[[Category:Vedanta]]

Alex Paul

2025-06-29T18:52:31Z

King42: expand references as per guidelines and added references for accuracy

{{short description|Indian composer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Alex Paul
| image =
| caption =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth-date and age|21 November 1961}}
| origin = [[Kerala]], India
| instrument = [[Playback singer|Playback singing]], [[Pump organ|harmonium]]
| occupation = [[Film composer]], [[music director]]
| years_active = 2002–present
| website =
}}

'''Alex Paul''' is an Indian music director who works in [[Malayalam cinema]]. He has composed music for fifty films.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/audio-beat-kantharvan/article3483047.ece | title=Audio beat: Kantharvan | newspaper=The Hindu | date=2 June 2012 }}</ref>

==Personal life==

Alex is the son of M. A. Paul, a music artist who formed the first [[orchestra]] (in Malayalam: 'ganamela') troupe in Kochi & Philomina.<ref name="indiaglitz-20feb2008">{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/gallery/Events/14518.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221081423/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/malayalam/gallery/events/14518.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=21 February 2008 |title=Star Talk – Music Director Alex Paul |publisher=India Gitz |date=20 February 2010 |accessdate=20 March 2010}}</ref> He is the younger brother of [[Lal (actor)|Lal]], of the directing duo [[Siddique-Lal]], and it was in Lal's film ''[[Chathikkatha Chanthu]]'' (2004) that Alex debuted as musical director.<ref name="indiaglitz-20feb2008"/><ref name="hindu-26jan2004">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/26/stories/2004012601210200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040323033816/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/01/26/stories/2004012601210200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 March 2004 |title=The burden of being Chandu |last=George |first=Vijay |date=26 January 2004 |work=[[The Hindu]] |accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref>

==Career==
{{BLP unreferenced section|date=February 2020}}
He learnt musical instruments from [[Kalabhavan]], Kochi. He started his own studio, where he composed music for several music albums and for TV serials. Alex made his film debut as music director with [[Rafi Mecartin]]'s [[Chathikkatha Chanthu]]. At the age of 20, he started a music institute named, Tune of Hearts. When he was 29, he started a recording studio. On 14 October 2013, he started music technology institute, National Institute of Music Technology (NIMT).

He made his acting debut with ''[[Alappuzha Gymkhana]]'' (2025).

== Discography ==
{{Colbegin}}
*''[[Makkal Mahatmyam]]'' (1992)
*''[[Chathikkatha Chanthu]]'' (2004)
*''[[Black (2004 film)|Black]]'' (2004)
*''[[Rajamanikyam]]'' (2005)
*''[[Inspector Garud]]'' (2006)
*''[[Kichamani MBA]]'' (2007)
*''[[Ali Bhai]]'' (2007)
*''[[Hello (2007 film)|Hello]]'' (2007)
*''[[Mayavi]]'' (2007)
*''[[Thommanum Makkalum]]'' (2005)
*''[[Vaasthavam]]'' (2006)
*''[[Thuruppugulan (2006 film)|Thuruppu Gulan]]'' (2006)
*''[[Achanurangatha Veedu]]'' (2006)
*''[[Tantra]]'' (2006)
*''[[Red Salute (2006 film)|Red Salute]]'' (2006)
*''[[Pothan Vava]]'' (2006)
*''[[Classmates (2006 film)|Classmates]]'' (2006)
*''[[Baba Kalyani (film)|Baba Kalyani]]''(2006)
*''[[Chocolate (2007 film)|Chocolate]]'' (2007)
*''[[Thalappavu]]'' (2008)
*''[[Lollipop (2008 film)|LollyPop]]'' (2008)
*''[[Kangaroo (2007 film)|Kangaroo]]'' (2007)
*''[[Panthaya Kozhi]]'' (2007)
*''[[2 Harihar Nagar]]'' (2009)
*''[[Duplicate (2009 film)|Duplicate]]'' (2009)
*''[[Chattambinadu]]'' (2009)
*''[[In Ghost House Inn]]'' (2010)
*''[[Tournament – Play & Replay]]'' (2010)
*''[[Kalla Malla Sulla]]'' (Kannada-2011)
*''[[Seniors (film)|Seniors]]'' (2011)
*''[[Cobra (2012 film)|Cobra]]'' (2012)
*''[[Maad Dad]]'' (2013)
*''[[Kandharvan]]'' (Tamil-2014)
*''[[John Honai]]'' (2015)
*''[[King Liar]]'' (2016)
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|1556033}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Alex}}
[[Category:Malayalam film score composers]]
[[Category:Musicians from Kochi]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1961 births]]
[[Category:Film musicians from Kerala]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian composers]]

{{India-musician-stub}}

Melli

2025-06-01T08:04:21Z

King42: updated page

{{other uses}}
{{One source|date=March 2025}}
{{Use Indian English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Melli
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| other_name = Melli Bazaar
| nickname =
| settlement_type = Town
| image_skyline =
| image_alt =
| image_caption =
| pushpin_map = India Sikkim#India3
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Melli in Sikkim
| coordinates = {{coord|27.0906|N|88.4561|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon image|Flag of the Government of Sikkim.svg}} [[Sikkim]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of Sikkim|District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Namchi district|Namchi]]
| established_title = 
| established_date =
| founder =
| named_for =
| government_type =
| governing_body =
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_rank =
| area_total_km2 =
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_total =
| population_as_of = 2001
| population_rank =
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_footnotes =
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_title1 = Nepali Official
| demographics1_info1 =
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| postal_code_type = 
| postal_code = 737128
| registration_plate =SK
| website =
| footnotes =
}}

'''Melli''' (also spelled '''Malli''') is a town on the [[West Bengal]]-[[Sikkim]] border near the [[River Teesta]]. The town consists of two markets, one lying on [[National Highway 10 (India)|NH10]] in [[Kalimpong district]] of [[West Bengal]] and the other in [[Namchi district]] of Sikkim. [[Melli Railway Station]] of [[Sivok–Rangpo line|Sevoke-Rangpo Railway Line]] lies in the Kalimpong district part of Melli.

Melli in the [[Nepali language]] means "the place where the dead are cremated". Melli is one of the few towns in [[India]] that lies in two different states [[Kalimpong district]] of [[West Bengal]] and [[Namchi district]] of [[Sikkim]]. The Jawaharlal Nehru Bridge connects the two parts of the town. It is the second longest bridge in Sikkim after IBM Bridge at [[Rangpo River]] in [[Rangpo]]. The part of the town in [[West Bengal]] is also called as Melli Bazaar. The [[West Bengal]] portion of the town lies on [[National Highway 10 (India)|National Highway 10]] connecting [[Siliguri]] to [[Gangtok]]. Melli is the main entry point for West and South Sikkim districts. [[Kalimpong]] town lies {{convert|20|km}} away from Melli.

The town lies at an elevation of about {{convert|100|m}}. It is located {{convert|7|km}} upstream from [[Teesta Bazaar]]. On the Sikkim side lies [[Yuksom Breweries]] which produces most of the beer in the region. The brewery and a biscuit factory are the major industries in the region. River rafting can also be undertaken from this point.

Melli Bazar on the Sikkim side is one of the 31 constituencies of the [[Sikkim Legislative Assembly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/Assembly%20Constituencies.htm |title=Home |publisher=Ceosikkim.nic.in |date= |accessdate=2012-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223192627/http://ceosikkim.nic.in/Files/Assembly%20Constituencies.htm |archive-date=23 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Namchi district]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Kalimpong district]]
[[Category:Tourism in Sikkim]]

{{WestBengal-geo-stub}}
{{Sikkim-geo-stub}}

Bhatti Rajputs of Kapurthala

2025-04-16T09:28:14Z

King42: redirect created

#REDIRECT [[Bhatti#History]]
{{Short description|Rulers of Kapurthala, India}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2022}}
The '''Bhatti Rajputs of Kapurthala''' were the rulers of [[Kapurthala]] from 11th century to 1772.<ref name=bhati2>{{cite web|url=http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/kapurthala/about-us/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805025951/http://lgpunjab.gov.in/eSewa/kapurthala/about-us/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 5, 2019|title=About Us|website=lgpunjab.gov.in}} </ref> [[Bhatti]] is a Punjabi version of the Rajput clan name [[Bhati]]. They had common ancestry with the [[Bhati]] rajputs of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]].

==Rulers==
=== Rana Kapur Rajput From Jaisalmer ===
Kapur founded the town of [[Kapurthala]] in 11th century.<ref name=bhati2 /> He was a [[Bhati|Bhati Rajput]] of [[Jaisalmer State|Jaisalmer]] and the founder of the Kapurthala Bhatti lineage.

===Rai Bahram Bhatti===
Rai Bahram Bhatti married his daughter Bhatiyani Murtaza Begum to Malerkotla in 1458.

===Rai Ran Deo===
Rai Ran Deo founded the town of [[Batala]] in 1465.<ref>[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V07_139.gif Batala Town Imperial Gazetteer of India – ''vol.7 pg.133'']</ref>

===Rai Ibrahim Bhatti===
In 1773, Rai Ibrahim Bhatti was defeated by [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia]] and was reduced to a tributary. In 1779, [[Kapurthala]] was completely annexed by [[Jassa Singh Ahluwalia|Jassa Singh]] into the [[Kapurthala State|princely state of Kapurthala]] after Rai Ibrahim Bhatti refused to pay tribute.

==List of Rulers==
*Rana Kapur (11th century)
*Rai Bahram Bhatti (1458)
*Rai Ran Deo Bhatti (1465)
*Rai Ibrahim Bhatti (1773-1779)

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Rajput clans]]

National Highway 161BB (India)

2025-02-27T18:42:50Z

King42: made

{{Short description|National highway in India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{infobox road
| country = IND
| type = NH
| route = 161BB
| map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|frame-width=290|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=line|stroke-width=3
|title=National Highway 161BB|text= Map of National Highway '''161BB''' in red}}
| map_custom = yes
| length_km = 71.6
| marker_image =
| direction_a = West
| direction_b = East
| terminus_a = [[Madnur|Madnoor]]
| terminus_b = [[Bodhan]]
| junction =
| spur_type = NH
| spur_of = 61
| previous_type = NH
| next_type = NH
| previous_route = 161 
| next_route = 63 
| states = [[Telangana]]
| destinations =
| direction =
}}

'''National Highway 161BB''', commonly called '''NH 161BB''' is a [[National Highway (India)|national highway]] in [[India]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2017/176969.pdf|title=New highways notification dated June, 2017|website=[[The Gazette of India]] - [[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=26 Oct 2018}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> It is a [[Spur route|spur]] road of [[National Highway 61 (India)|National Highway 61]] through NH 161.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2011/E_574_2012_016.pdf|title=New Numbering of National Highways notification - Government of India|website=[[The Gazette of India]]|access-date=26 Oct 2018}}</ref> NH-161BB traverses the state of [[Telangana]] in India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://morth.nic.in/showfile.asp?lid=2924|title=State-wise length of National Highways (NH) in India as on 30.06.2017|website=[[Ministry of Road Transport and Highways]]|access-date=26 Oct 2018}}</ref>

== Route ==
[[Madnur|Madnoor]], Sonala, Thadi Hipperga, Limboor, Sirpur, Pothangal, Kotagiri, Rudrur, Bodhan, Basar, [[Bhainsa]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" />

== Junctions ==
{{RJL|date=November 2021}}
: {{jct|NH|161|country=IND}} Terminal near Madnoor.<ref name=":1" />
: {{jct|NH|63|country=IND}} Terminal near Bodhan.<ref name=":1" />

== See also ==
* [[List of national highways in India]]
* [[List of national highways in India by state]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}4.https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/nh-161-road-widening-works-pick-pace/article34029080.ece/amp/

== External links ==

* [http://openstreetmap.org/browse/relation/8104354 NH 161BB on OpenStreetMap]

{{Indian Highways Network}}
{{IND NH61 sr}}

[[Category:National highways of India]]
[[Category:National highways in Telangana]]

{{India-NH-stub}}

Aaron Carroll

2024-12-16T13:59:27Z

King42: update information as per guidelines

{{Short description|American pediatrician and professor of pediatrics}}
{{for|the New Zealand rugby union player|Aaron Carroll (rugby union)}}
{{Infobox medical person
| honorific_prefix =
| name = Aaron Carroll
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name = Aaron Edward Carroll
| birth_date = 
| birth_place =
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality =
| citizenship =
| education = [[Amherst College]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) [[University of Pennsylvania]] ([[Doctor of Medicine|MD]]) [[University of Washington]] ([[Master of Science|MS]])
| occupation = Pediatrician, professor
| years_active =
| known_for = Healthcare Triage The Incidental Economist The New Health Care
| relations =
| website =
| profession =
| field =
| work_institutions = [[Indiana University]]
| specialism =
| research_field =
| notable_works =
| prizes =
| child =
| module2 =
| signature =
}}

'''Aaron Edward Carroll''' is an American pediatrician and professor of pediatrics at [[Indiana University School of Medicine]]. Carroll is a Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics and Chief Health Officer at Indiana University. He is also an Associate Dean for Research Mentoring and the director of the Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research at Indiana University School of Medicine.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://medicine.iu.edu/faculty/3005/carroll-aaron | title=Examining public perceptions of the value of human life at different ages in assessing costs and value of health care and preventive interventions | work=Robert Wood Johnson Foundation | accessdate=9 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="iu">{{cite web | url=http://pediatrics.iu.edu/chsr/our-team/faculty/bio-carroll/ | title=Aaron Carroll | work=Indiana University School of Medicine | accessdate=6 February 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511180914/http://pediatrics.iu.edu/chsr/our-team/faculty/bio-carroll/ | archive-date=2016-05-11 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Education==
Carroll received his B.A. in chemistry from [[Amherst College]] in 1994 and his M.D. from the [[University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine]] in 1998. After receiving his M.D., he completed his internship and residency in pediatrics at the [[University of Washington]], where he received his M.S. in [[health services research]] in 2003. While there, he was a fellow in the [[Robert Wood Johnson Foundation|Robert Wood Johnson]] Clinical Scholars Program.<ref name=iu/>

==Work==
Carroll's research focuses on [[information technology]] in pediatrics, cost-effectiveness analyses in medicine, and [[health policy]].<ref name=iu/> Along with [[Rachel C. Vreeman]], he co-authored the 2011 book ''Don't Cross Your Eyes ... They'll Get Stuck That Way! And 75 Other Health Myths Debunked'', which debunks medical myths.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amherst.edu/amherst-story/magazine/issues/2011fall/amherstcreates/carroll | title=Sex, Colds and Croup | work=Amherst Magazine | date=Fall 2011 | accessdate=7 May 2016 | author=Newman, Catherine}}</ref> Along with [[Austin Frakt]], he writes a column for ''[[The New York Times]]'' called "The New Health Care",<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/column/the-new-health-care?action=click&contentCollection=The%20Upshot&module=Collection&region=Marginalia&src=me&version=column&pgtype=article | title=The New Health Care | work=The New York Times | accessdate=7 May 2016}}</ref> where he gave his own experiences with [[ulcerative colitis]] as an example of the benefits and difficulties of the health care system.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/22/upshot/trapped-in-the-system-a-sick-doctors-story.html Trapped in the System: A Sick Doctor’s Story, Aaron E. Carroll, The New York Times, SEPT. 21, 2015]</ref> He and Frakt are also co-editors-in-chief of the medical blog [[the Incidental Economist]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/about/about-aaron/ | title=About Aaron | work=The Incidental Economist | date=13 August 2010 | accessdate=7 May 2016}}</ref> Carroll is also the host of the [[YouTube]] series "Healthcare Triage".<ref>{{cite web | url=http://inscopearchive.iu.edu/spotlights-profiles/faculty-staff/2014-08-28-faculty-aaron-carroll-inscope.shtml | title=Aaron Carroll reaches out on YouTube, traditional media to educate public on health | publisher=Indiana University | work=INScope | date=28 August 2014 | accessdate=18 May 2016 | author=Fryling, Kevin}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20170415200659/http://cdmd.indiana.edu/about-us/investigator/aaron-e-carroll/ Faculty page]
{{wikiquote}}
* www.nytimes.com: [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/upshot/doubtful-science-behind-arguments-to-restrict-birth-control-access.html ''Doubtful Science Behind Arguments to Restrict Birth Control Access''] (10 10 2017)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Carroll, Aaron E.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American pediatricians]]
[[Category:Indiana University School of Medicine faculty]]
[[Category:Amherst College alumni]]
[[Category:Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni]]
[[Category:University of Washington alumni]]
[[Category:American bloggers]]
[[Category:The New York Times columnists]]
[[Category:21st-century American non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction

2024-11-06T22:35:48Z

King42: Improved wording and formatting

{{Short description|Indian government agency}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2016}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
| image = Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction logo.jpg
| image_border =
| size = 
| alt = 
| caption =
| map = 
| msize = 
| malt = 
| mcaption = 
| map2 =
| abbreviation =
| motto =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| formation = 1987
| dissolved = 30 November 2016
| type = [[Development finance institution|Development Finance Institution]]
| status = Statutory
| purpose = Sick company remedies
| headquarters =
| location = New Delhi
| coords = {{coord|28.625846|77.220299|display=inline,title}}
| region_served = India
| membership =
| language = 
| general = 
| leader_title = Chairman
| leader_name = Nirmal Singh
| leader_title2 =
| leader_name2 =
| leader_title3 =
| leader_name3 =
| leader_title4 =
| leader_name4 =
| key_people =
| main_organ = 
| parent_organisation = [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]]
| affiliations = 
| budget =
| num_staff =
| num_volunteers =
| website = {{url|http://www.bifr.nic.in/}}
| remarks =
| former name =
}}

The '''Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction''' (BIFR) was a [[development finance institution]] under the [[ownership]] of [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]], [[Government of India]], part of the Department of Financial Services of the [[Ministry of Finance (India)|Ministry of Finance]]. Set up in January 1987 by the [[Second Rajiv Gandhi ministry|Rajiv Gandhi government]], its objective was to determine [[Industrial sickness|sickness of industrial companies]] and to assist in reviving those that may be viable and shutting down the others.{{sfn|Brief Introduction}} On 1 December 2016, the [[First Modi ministry|Narendra Modi government]] dissolved BIFR and referred all proceedings to the [[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT) and [[National Company Law Appellate Tribunal]] (NCLAT) as per provisions of [[Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 repealed and BIFR/ AIFR dissolved|url=https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/news-alert-tax/2016/pwc_news_alert_1_december_2016_sick_industrial_companies_act_1985_repealed_and_bifr-aifr_dissolved.pdf|publisher=PWC|access-date=13 January 2017}}</ref>

==History==

The BIFR was established under The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 (SICA).
The board was set up in January 1987 and became functional as of 15 May 1987.{{sfn|Brief Introduction}}
A new industrial policy was tabled in Parliament on 24 July 1991 aiming to maintain growth in productivity and gainful employment and to encourage the growth of entrepreneurship and upgrades to technology.{{sfn|Reddy|2004|p=42-43}}
That year the SICA was amended to include public sector enterprises in the board's purview.{{sfn|Jain|Trehan|Trehan|2008|p=187}}

The [[Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002|Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act of 2002]] placed corporate debt outside the purview of the BIFR.{{sfn|Pathak|2011|p=515}}
By preventing reference to the BIFR, which had become a haven for the promoters of sick companies, the Act gives banks and financial institutions a better tool for recovering bad debt.
It was complemented by the corporate [[debt restructuring]] package under which lenders and borrowers would meet to agree on a way of recasting stressed debt.{{sfn|Pathak|2011|p=519}}

[[National Company Law Tribunal]] (NCLT) and the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) would take over the functions of the BIFR and other bodies and speed up the process of winding down sick companies. The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2001 was introduced because the government considered that the BIFR had not met its objective of preventing industrial sickness.{{sfn|Luthra|2005|p=241}}
The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Repeal Act, 2003 replaced SICA and sought to dissolve the BIFR and the Appellate Authority for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (AAIFR), replacing them by the NCLT and NCLAT. However, legal hurdles prevented the NCLT from being constituted.{{sfn|Kazmi|2008|p=220}}

==Structure and objectives==
The Board has a Chairman and from two to fourteen other members, all to be qualified as High Court judges or else to have at least fifteen years of relevant professional experience.{{sfn|The Sick Industrial Companies|p=6}}
The Board only handles large or medium-sized sick industrial companies in which large amounts have been sunk.{{sfn|Jain|Trehan|Trehan|2008|p=187}}
Under the Sick Industrial Companies Act, the Board of a sick industrial company is legally obliged to report it to the BIFR, and the BIFR has the power to make whatever inquiries are needed to determine if the company is in fact sick.{{sfn|Reddy|2004|p=79}}

Among other objectives the act was to provide a way to revive sick industrial companies and release public funds.{{sfn|Pathak|2011|p=514}}
If a company is found to be sick, the BIFR can give the company reasonable time to regain health (bring total assets above total liabilities) or it can recommend other measures.{{sfn|Reddy|2004|p=79}}
The board can take other actions including changes to management, amalgamation of the sick unit with a healthy one, sale or financial reconstruction.{{sfn|Jain|Trehan|Trehan|2008|p=187}}
The Board can recommend a sick industrial company for winding up.{{sfn|The Sick Industrial Companies|p=18}}

The BIFR was intended to bridge the legal gap between sickness and revival.
It would impose time schedules for revival related activities to be completed,
oversee their implementation and conduct periodic reviews of sick accounts.
The BIFR would provide a forum for sharing views, coordinating effort and developing a unified approach to dealing with sick companies, speeding up the start of corrective action.{{sfn|Balan|1996|p=110-111}}
The BIFR was meant to either turn companies around within six months or order closure.{{sfn|Baijal|2008|p=203}}

==Activity and results==

By the end of March 1991, the BIFR had registered 1020 cases and heard 954.
175 were dismissed as not maintainable, and 124 were approved for the company to try to become net-worth positive on their own.
Of the other 661 cases, the board sanctioned 182 revival plans and recommended that 120 cases be wound up.{{sfn|Balan|1996|p=5}}
Up to the end of 2007, the BIFR had registered 5,471 references with 1,337 being recommended for winding up and 825 revival schemes being sanctioned.{{sfn|Jain|Trehan|Trehan|2008|p=188}}
There were 66 sick Public Sector Enterprises registered with the board as of the end of March 2008, of which the government had approved 34 for revival.{{sfn|Trehan & Trehan|p=152}}

BIFR has had mixed success. Some examples of successful recoveries are the recovery of [[Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited]] in the 1980s, and more recently{{When|date=May 2012}} the turnaround of [[Arvind Mills]], [[Scooters India]] and the North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation.
There have been many more cases where attempts to revive the companies failed, including [[Binny and Co.]], [[Calico Mills]], [[Guest Keen Williams]], [[Hindustan Cables]], [[Metal Box Company]] and [[Wyman Gordon]].{{sfn|Kazmi|2008|p=220-221}} Problems have included insufficient resources, delays and lack of political willingness to take tough decisions.{{sfn|Farazmand|2001|p=538}}
The BIFR in practice often became a way of prolonging the life of unviable companies for years at taxpayer expense.{{sfn|Baijal|2008|p=203}}

According to former [[Telecom Regulatory Authority of India]] (TRAI) chief [[Pradip Baijal]], the board "was created to deal with the change in status quo outside government and given a quasi-judicial structure, to act in favour of public good, but has perhaps joined the tribe of numerous rent-seekers in the public ownership structure".{{sfn|Baijal|2008|p=204}}
Discussing [[MS Shoes]], whose reference was registered by BIFR on 22.2.2002. The productions and export turnover of MS Shoes increased from Rs.25 crores to Rs.171.93 crores. The company came up with public issues which were over subscribed by more than 50 times the company attempted for 5 star hotel land and ready built guest house complex at Hudco Place, New Delhi for deluxe 5 star hotel and 4 star hotel. The reasons of sickness was devolvement of public issue of February 1995 and cancellation as well as forfeiture by Hudco of the amount paid by MS Shoes.<ref name=order>{{Cite web |url=http://bifr.nic.in/asp/sopupload/237_2002_25102013.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714235754/http://bifr.nic.in/asp/sopupload/237_2002_25102013.pdf |archive-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Nirmala Ganapathy said: "One look at the track record of BIFR, and it doesn’t take a {{sic|whiz}} to conclude that it is nothing but a graveyard of companies. A tiny fraction comes out healthy — only if the promoter is interested in putting it back up on its feet".{{sfn|Ganapathy|2003}} The BIFR approved the revival scheme of the company as the promoters brought in Rs. 41.20 crores as on 31.3.2011 and Rs. 22.08 crores as loan to the company to be converted into equity shares further approving the promoters contribution to be converted into equity by increasing authorised capital from existing Rs. 90 crores to Rs. 200 crores. The promoters brought up the company to its healthy situation since the promoters were interested in putting the company back up on its feet.<ref name="order" />

==References==
{{reflist}}
;Sources
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIbt79hR-hIC&pg=PA203
|chapter=THE BOARD FOR INDUSTRIAL AND FINANCIAL RECONSTRUCTION: THE JESSOP STORY
|title=Disinvestment in India: I Lose and You Gain
|first=Pradip |last=Baijal
|publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2008 |isbn=978-8131712481}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHQtWfdL_egC&pg=PA5
|title=Managing Industrial Sickness
|first=K |last=Balan
|publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1996 |isbn=817099537X}}
* {{cite web
|ref={{harvid|Brief Introduction}}
|url=http://www.bifr.nic.in/aboutus.htm
|title=Brief Introduction of BIFR and its functioning
|publisher=BIFR
|access-date=2012-05-01
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502040404/http://bifr.nic.in/aboutus.htm
|archive-date=2 May 2012
|url-status=dead
}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YYSi92D_W44C&pg=PA538
|title=Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration
|first=Ali |last=Farazmand
|publisher=CRC Press |year=2001 |isbn=0824742028}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/25264/
|first=Nirmala |last=Ganapathy
|title=MS Shoes has gone to the cleaners
|date= 6 June 2003
|work=[[The Indian Express]]
|access-date=2012-05-02}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y77EEOe6cTEC&pg=PA187
|title=Business Environment
|first1=TR |last1=Jain |first2=Mukesh |last2=Trehan |first3=Ranju |last3=Trehan
|publisher=FK Publications |isbn=978-8188597178 |year=2008}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J8YGhhK5keUC&pg=PA220
|title=Strategic Management And Business Policy
|last=Kazmi
|publisher=Tata McGraw-Hill Education |year=2008 |isbn=978-0070263628}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IOhb6jGC2gcC&pg=PA241
|title=Poverty And Economic Reforms
|first=Ved P. |last=Luthra
|publisher=Sarup & Sons |year=2005 |isbn=8178901366}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18iJsAxmK0gC&pg=PA514
|title=The Indian Financial System: Markets, Institutions and Services
|first=Bharati V. |last=Pathak
|publisher=Pearson Education India |year=2011
|isbn=978-8131728178}}
* {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQv9vKgF_3MC&pg=PA42
|title=Business Environment
|first=R. Jayaprakash |last=Reddy
|publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=8176486418 |year=2004}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|The Sick Industrial Companies}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0KKWyCTb7jIC&pg=PA6
|title=The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985
| year=2016 |publisher=Georg Thieme Verlag}}
* {{cite book |ref={{harvid|Trehan & Trehan}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pg3EbcVF6WUC&pg=PA152
|title=Government and Business
|first1=Mukesh |last1=Trehan |first2=Ranju |last2=Trehan
|year = 1964|publisher=FK Publications |isbn=9380006454}}
{{refend}}

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[[Category:1987 establishments in India]]
[[Category:2016 disestablishments in India]]
[[Category:Ministry of Finance (India)]]
[[Category:Finance in India]]
[[Category:Government agencies of India]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1987]]
[[Category:Government agencies disestablished in 2016]]
[[Category:Business failures]]
[[Category:Quasi-judicial bodies of India]]
[[Category:Modi administration]]
[[Category:Rajiv Gandhi administration]]
[[Category:Industrial history of India]]

Government Railway Police (Mumbai)

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King42: redirect

#REDIRECT [[Government Railway Police]]

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Embassy of India, Asunción

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King42: new redirect

#REDIRECT [[India–Paraguay relations]]

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Dharwad (Lok Sabha constituency)

2022-07-29T15:20:15Z

King42: refine layout to improve readability per sources

#REDIRECT [[Dharwad Lok Sabha constituency]]

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